## Options summary

<div class="options-toc"></div>

## Setting options

cibuildwheel is configured using environment variables, that can be set using
your CI config.

For example, to configure cibuildwheel to run tests, add the following YAML to
your CI config file:

> .travis.yml ([docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/environment-variables/))
```yaml
env:
  global:
    - CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES=pytest
    - CIBW_TEST_COMMAND="pytest {project}/tests"
```

> appveyor.yml ([docs](https://www.appveyor.com/docs/build-configuration/#environment-variables))
```yaml
environment:
  global:
    CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
    CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}\\tests"
```

> .circleci/config.yml ([docs](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/configuration-reference/#environment))
```yaml
jobs:
  job_name:
    environment:
      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
```

> azure-pipelines.yml ([docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/process/variables))
```yaml
variables:
  CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
  CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
```

> .github/workflows/*.yml ([docs](https://help.github.com/en/actions/configuring-and-managing-workflows/using-environment-variables)) (can be global, in job, or in step)
```yaml
env:
  CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
  CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
```


## Build selection


### `CIBW_PLATFORM` {: #platform}

> Override the auto-detected target platform

Options: `auto` `linux` `macos` `windows`

Default: `auto`

`auto` will auto-detect platform using environment variables, such as `TRAVIS_OS_NAME`/`APPVEYOR`/`CIRCLECI`.

For `linux` you need Docker running, on macOS or Linux. For `macos`, you need a Mac machine, and note that this script is going to automatically install MacPython on your system, so don't run on your development machine. For `windows`, you need to run in Windows, and `cibuildwheel` will install required versions of Python to `C:\cibw\python` using NuGet.

This option can also be set using the command-line option `--platform`.

### `CIBW_BUILD`, `CIBW_SKIP` {: #build-skip}

> Choose the Python versions to build

Space-separated list of builds to build and skip. Each build has an identifier like `cp27-manylinux_x86_64` or `cp35-macosx_x86_64` - you can list specific ones to build and `cibuildwheel` will only build those, and/or list ones to skip and `cibuildwheel` won't try to build them.

When both options are specified, both conditions are applied and only builds with a tag that matches `CIBW_BUILD` and does not match `CIBW_SKIP` will be built.

When setting the options, you can use shell-style globbing syntax (as per [`fnmatch`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/fnmatch.html)). All the build identifiers supported by cibuildwheel are shown below:

<div class="build-id-table-marker"></div>

|                 | macOS 64bit         | Manylinux x86 64bit    | Manylinux x86 32bit  | Windows 64bit   | Windows 32bit  | Manylinux Armv8 64bit  | Manylinux PPC64LE      | Manylinux s390x      |
|-----------------|---------------------|------------------------|----------------------|-----------------|----------------|------------------------|------------------------|----------------------|
| Python 2.7      | cp27-macosx_x86_64  | cp27-manylinux_x86_64  | cp27-manylinux_i686  | cp27-win_amd64  | cp27-win32     |                        |                        |                      |
| Python 3.5      | cp35-macosx_x86_64  | cp35-manylinux_x86_64  | cp35-manylinux_i686  | cp35-win_amd64  | cp35-win32     | cp35-manylinux_aarch64 | cp35-manylinux_ppc64le | cp35-manylinux_s390x |
| Python 3.6      | cp36-macosx_x86_64  | cp36-manylinux_x86_64  | cp36-manylinux_i686  | cp36-win_amd64  | cp36-win32     | cp36-manylinux_aarch64 | cp36-manylinux_ppc64le | cp36-manylinux_s390x |
| Python 3.7      | cp37-macosx_x86_64  | cp37-manylinux_x86_64  | cp37-manylinux_i686  | cp37-win_amd64  | cp37-win32     | cp37-manylinux_aarch64 | cp37-manylinux_ppc64le | cp37-manylinux_s390x |
| Python 3.8      | cp38-macosx_x86_64  | cp38-manylinux_x86_64  | cp38-manylinux_i686  | cp38-win_amd64  | cp38-win32     | cp38-manylinux_aarch64 | cp38-manylinux_ppc64le | cp38-manylinux_s390x |
| PyPy 2.7 v7.3.0 | pp27-macosx_x86_64  | pp27-manylinux_x86_64  |                      |                 | pp27-win32     |                        |                        |                      |
| PyPy 3.6 v7.3.0 | pp36-macosx_x86_64  | pp36-manylinux_x86_64  |                      |                 | pp36-win32     |                        |                        |                      |

The list of supported and currently selected build identifiers can also be retrieved by passing the `--print-build-identifiers` flag to `cibuildwheel`.
The format is `python_tag-platform_tag`, with tags similar to those in [PEP 425](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0425/#details).

For CPython, the minimally supported macOS version is 10.9; for PyPy 2.7 and PyPy 3.6, respectively macOS 10.7 and 10.13 or higher is required.

#### Examples

```yaml
# Only build on Python 3.6
CIBW_BUILD: cp36-*

# Skip building on Python 2.7 on the Mac
CIBW_SKIP: cp27-macosx_x86_64

# Skip building on Python 3.8 on the Mac
CIBW_SKIP: cp38-macosx_x86_64

# Skip building on Python 2.7 on all platforms
CIBW_SKIP: cp27-*

# Skip Python 2.7 on Windows
CIBW_SKIP: cp27-win*

# Skip Python 2.7 on 32-bit Windows
CIBW_SKIP: cp27-win32

# Skip Python 2.7 and Python 3.5
CIBW_SKIP: cp27-* cp35-*

# Skip Python 3.6 on Linux
CIBW_SKIP: cp36-manylinux*

# Only build on Python 3 and skip 32-bit builds
CIBW_BUILD: cp3?-*
CIBW_SKIP: "*-win32 *-manylinux_i686"

# Only build PyPy and CPython 3
CIBW_BUILD: pp* cp3?-*

# Disable building PyPy wheels on all platforms
CIBW_SKIP: pp*
```

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## Build customization


### `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` {: #environment}
> Set environment variables needed during the build

A space-separated list of environment variables to set during the build. Bash syntax should be used, even on Windows.

You must set this variable to pass variables to Linux builds (since they execute in a Docker container). It also works for the other platforms.

You can use `$PATH` syntax to insert other variables, or the `$(pwd)` syntax to insert the output of other shell commands.

To specify more than one environment variable, separate the assignments by spaces.

Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_MACOS` | `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_LINUX`

#### Examples
```yaml
# Set some compiler flags
CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: "CFLAGS='-g -Wall' CXXFLAGS='-Wall'"

# Append a directory to the PATH variable (this is expanded in the build environment)
CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin"

# Set BUILD_TIME to the output of the `date` command
CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: "BUILD_TIME=$(date)"

# Supply options to `pip` to affect how it downloads dependencies
CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: "PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL=https://pypi.myorg.com/simple"

# Set two flags
CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: "BUILD_TIME=$(date) SAMPLE_TEXT=\"sample text\""
```

!!! note
    `cibuildwheel` always defines the environment variable `CIBUILDWHEEL=1`. This can be useful for [building wheels with optional extensions](faq.md#building-packages-with-optional-c-extensions).


### `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD` {: #before-build}
> Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build

A shell command to run before building the wheel. This option allows you to run a command in **each** Python environment before the `pip wheel` command. This is useful if you need to set up some dependency so it's available during the build.

If dependencies are required to build your wheel (for example if you include a header from a Python module), set this to `pip install .`, and the dependencies will be installed automatically by pip. However, this means your package will be built twice - if your package takes a long time to build, you might wish to manually list the dependencies here instead.

The active Python binary can be accessed using `python`, and pip with `pip`; `cibuildwheel` makes sure the right version of Python and pip will be executed. The placeholder `{package}` can be used here; it will be replaced by the path to the package being built by `cibuildwheel`.

The command is run in a shell, so you can write things like `cmd1 && cmd2`.

Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_MACOS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_LINUX`

#### Examples
```yaml
# install your project and dependencies before building
CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: pip install .

# install something required for the build
CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: pip install pybind11

# chain commands using &&
CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: yum install -y libffi-dev && pip install .

# run a script that's inside your project
CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: bash scripts/prepare_for_build.sh

# if cibuildwheel is called with a package_dir argument, it's available as {package}
CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: "{package}/bin/prepare_for_build.sh"
```


### `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND` {: #repair-wheel-command}
> Execute a shell command to repair each (non-pure Python) built wheel

Default:

- on Linux: `'auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'`
- on macOS: `'delocate-listdeps {wheel} && delocate-wheel --require-archs x86_64 -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'`
- on Windows: `''`

A shell command to repair a built wheel by copying external library dependencies into the wheel tree and relinking them.
The command is run on each built wheel (except for pure Python ones) before testing it.

The following placeholders must be used inside the command and will be replaced by `cibuildwheel`:

- `{wheel}` for the absolute path to the built wheel
- `{dest_dir}` for the absolute path of the directory where to create the repaired wheel.

The command is run in a shell, so you can run multiple commands like `cmd1 && cmd2`.

Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_MACOS` | `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_LINUX`

#### Examples

```yaml
# don't repair macOS wheels
CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_MACOS: ""

# pass the `--lib-sdir .` flag to auditwheel on Linux
CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_LINUX: "auditwheel repair --lib-sdir . -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
```


### `CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_PPC64LE_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_S390X_IMAGE` {: #manylinux-image}
> Specify alternative manylinux docker images

An alternative Docker image to be used for building [`manylinux`](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) wheels. `cibuildwheel` will then pull these instead of the default images, [`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64), [`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686), [`pypywheels/manylinux2010-pypy_x86_64`](https://hub.docker.com/r/pypywheels/manylinux2010-pypy_x86_64), [`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64), [`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le), and [`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_s390x).

The value of this option can either be set to `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010` or `manylinux2014` to use a pinned version of the [official `manylinux` images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) and [PyPy `manylinux` images](https://github.com/pypy/manylinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name. Note that for PyPy, only the official `manylinux2010` image is currently available. For architectures other
than x86 (x86\_64 and i686) manylinux2014 must be used because this is the first version of the manylinux specification that supports additional architectures.

Beware to specify a valid Docker image that can be used in the same way as the official, default Docker images: all necessary Python and pip versions need to be present in `/opt/python/`, and the `auditwheel` tool needs to be present for `cibuildwheel` to work. Apart from that, the architecture and relevant shared system libraries need to be manylinux1-, manylinux2010- or manylinux2014-compatible in order to produce valid `manylinux1`/`manylinux2010`/`manylinux2014` wheels (see [pypa/manylinux on GitHub](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux), [PEP 513](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0513/), [PEP 571](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/) and [PEP 599](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0599/) for more details).

Note that `auditwheel` detects the version of the `manylinux` standard in the Docker image through the `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, as `cibuildwheel` has no way of detecting the correct `--plat` command line argument to pass to `auditwheel` for a custom image. If a Docker image does not correctly set this `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, the `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` option can be used to do so (e.g., `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT='AUDITWHEEL_PLAT="manylinux2010_$(uname -m)"'`).

Note that `manylinux2014` doesn't support builds with Python 2.7 - when building with `manylinux2014`, skip Python 2.7 using `CIBW_SKIP` (see example below).

#### Examples

```yaml
# build using the manylinux1 image to ensure manylinux1 wheels are produced
# skip PyPy, since there is no PyPy manylinux1 image
CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: manylinux1
CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE: manylinux1
CIBW_SKIP: pp*

# build using the manylinux2014 image
CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: manylinux2014
CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE: manylinux2014
CIBW_SKIP: cp27-manylinux*

# build using the latest manylinux2010 release, instead of the cibuildwheel
# pinned version
CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:latest
CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:latest

# build using a different image from the docker registry
CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: dockcross/manylinux-x64
CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE: dockcross/manylinux-x86
```

### `CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS` {: #dependency-versions}
> Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses

Options: `pinned` `latest` `<your constraints file>`

Default: `pinned`

If `CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS` is `pinned`, cibuildwheel uses versions of tools
like `pip`, `setuptools`, `virtualenv` that were pinned with that release of
cibuildwheel. This represents a known-good set of dependencies, and is
recommended for build repeatability.

If set to `latest`, cibuildwheel will use the latest of these packages that
are available on PyPI. This might be preferable if these packages have bug
fixes that can't wait for a new cibuildwheel release.

To control the versions of dependencies yourself, you can supply a [pip
constraints](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#constraints-files) file
here and it will be used instead.

!!! note
    If you need different dependencies for each python version, provide them
    in the same folder with a `-pythonXY` suffix. e.g. if your
    `CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS=./constraints.txt`, cibuildwheel will use
    `./constraints-python27.txt` on Python 2.7, or fallback to
    `./constraints.txt` if that's not found.

Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
`CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS_MACOS` | `CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS_WINDOWS`

!!! note
    This option does not affect the tools used on the Linux build - those versions
    are bundled with the manylinux image that cibuildwheel uses. To change
    dependency versions on Linux, use the [CIBW_MANYLINUX_*](#manylinux-image)
    options.

#### Examples

```yaml
# use tools versions that are bundled with cibuildwheel (this is the default)
CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS: pinned

# use the latest versions available on PyPI
CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS: latest

# use your own pip constraints file
CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS: ./constraints.txt
```


## Testing

### `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND` {: #test-command}
> Execute a shell command to test each built wheel

Shell command to run tests after the build. The wheel will be installed automatically and available for import from the tests. To ensure the wheel is imported by your tests (instead of your source copy), tests are run from a different directory. Use the placeholders `{project}` and `{package}` when specifying paths in your project.

- `{project}` is an absolute path to the project root - the working directory where cibuildwheel was called.
- `{package}` is the path to the package being built - the `package_dir` argument supplied to cibuildwheel on the command line.

The command is run in a shell, so you can write things like `cmd1 && cmd2`.

Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_LINUX`

#### Examples

```yaml
# run the project tests against the installed wheel using `nose`
CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: nosetests {project}/tests

# run the package tests using `pytest`
CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: pytest {package}/tests
```


### `CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES` {: #test-requires}
> Install Python dependencies before running the tests

Space-separated list of dependencies required for running the tests.

Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_LINUX`

#### Examples

```yaml
# install pytest before running CIBW_TEST_COMMAND
CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest

# install specific versions of test dependencies
CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: nose==1.3.7 moto==0.4.31
```


### `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS` {: #test-extras}
> Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require`

Comma-separated list of
[extras_require](https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html#declaring-extras-optional-features-with-their-own-dependencies)
options that should be included when installing the wheel prior to running the
tests. This can be used to avoid having to redefine test dependencies in
`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES` if they are already defined in `setup.py` or
`setup.cfg`.

Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
`CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_LINUX`

#### Examples

```yaml
# will cause the wheel to be installed with `pip install <wheel_file>[test,qt]`
CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS: test,qt
```

### `CIBW_BEFORE_TEST` {: #before-test}
> Execute a shell command before testing each wheel

A shell command to run in **each** test virtual environment, before your wheel is installed and tested. This is useful if you need to install a non pip package, change values of environment variables
or perform multi step pip installation (e.g. installing `scikit-build` or `cython` before install test package)

The active Python binary can be accessed using `python`, and pip with `pip`; `cibuildwheel` makes sure the right version of Python and pip will be executed. The placeholder `{package}` can be used here; it will be replaced by the path to the package being built by `cibuildwheel`.

The command is run in a shell, so you can write things like `cmd1 && cmd2`.

Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_BEFORE_TEST_MACOS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_TEST_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_TEST_LINUX`

#### Examples
```yaml
# install test dependencies with overwritten environment variables.
CIBW_BEFORE_TEST: CC=gcc CXX=g++ pip install -r requirements.txt

# chain commands using &&
CIBW_BEFORE_TEST: rm -rf ./data/cache && mkdir -p ./data/cache

# install non pip python package
CIBW_BEFORE_TEST: cd some_dir; ./configure; make; make install

# install python packages that are required to install test dependencies
CIBW_BEFORE_TEST: pip install cmake scikit-build
```

## Other

### `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY` {: #build-verbosity}
> Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel

An number from 1 to 3 to increase the level of verbosity (corresponding to invoking pip with `-v`, `-vv`, and `-vvv`), between -1 and -3 (`-q`, `-qq`, and `-qqq`), or just 0 (default verbosity). These flags are useful while debugging a build when the output of the actual build invoked by `pip wheel` is required.

Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
`CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_MACOS` | `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_LINUX`

#### Examples

```yaml
# increase pip debugging output
CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY: 1
```


## Command line options

```text
usage: cibuildwheel [-h] [--platform {auto,linux,macos,windows}]
                    [--output-dir OUTPUT_DIR] [--print-build-identifiers]
                    [package_dir]

Build wheels for all the platforms.

positional arguments:
  package_dir           Path to the package that you want wheels for. Must be
                        a subdirectory of the working directory. When set, the
                        working directory is still considered the 'project'
                        and is copied into the Docker container on Linux.
                        Default: the working directory.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --platform {auto,linux,macos,windows}
                        Platform to build for. For "linux" you need docker
                        running, on Mac or Linux. For "macos", you need a Mac
                        machine, and note that this script is going to
                        automatically install MacPython on your system, so
                        don't run on your development machine. For "windows",
                        you need to run in Windows, and it will build and test
                        for all versions of Python. Default: auto.
  --output-dir OUTPUT_DIR
                        Destination folder for the wheels.
  --print-build-identifiers
                        Print the build identifiers matched by the current
                        invocation and exit.
```

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      for (var j = 0; j < headerOptions.length; j += 1) {
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        if (j == 0) {
          markdown += '| **'+header+'** '
        } else {
          markdown += '|   '
        }

        var optionNames = option.name.trim().split(', ')
        var url = 'https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#'+option.id;
        var namesMarkdown = $.map(optionNames, function(n) {
          return '[`'+n+'`]('+url+') '
        }).join(' ')

        markdown += '| '+namesMarkdown+' '
        markdown += '| '+option.description.trim()+' '
        markdown += '|\n'
      }
    }

    console.log('readme options markdown\n', markdown)
  });
</script>