Bump version: v4.1.1

properdocs is a drop-in MkDocs fork by the original MkDocs maintainers.
The existing plugins (include-markdown, macros, intersphinx) and pymdown
extensions work unchanged; themes are unbundled, so the readthedocs
theme comes from properdocs-theme-readthedocs.

Assisted-by: ClaudeCode:claude-fable-5

.github/workflows/copilot-setup-steps.yml

@@ -19,16 +19,16 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.x"
           allow-prereleases: true
 
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@11f9893b081a58869d3b5fccaea48c9e9e46f990 # v8.3.2
 
       - name: Install tooling
         run: |

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
   dist:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
         path: dist
 
     - name: Generate artifact attestation for sdist and wheel
-      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@a2bbfa25375fe432b6a289bc6b6cd05ecd0c4c32 # v4.1.0
+      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@0f67c3f4856b2e3261c31976d6725780e5e4c373 # v4.1.1
       with:
         subject-path: "dist/cibuildwheel-*"
 

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ on:
       - .travis.yml
       - README.md
       - azure-pipelines.yml
-      - mkdocs.yml
+      - properdocs.yml
       - noxfile.py
   workflow_dispatch:
     # allow manual runs on branches without a PR
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ jobs:
     name: Linters (mypy, ruff, etc.)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
-    - uses: j178/prek-action@bdca6f102f98e2b4c7029491a53dfd366469e33d # v2.0.4
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@11f9893b081a58869d3b5fccaea48c9e9e46f990 # v8.3.2
+    - uses: j178/prek-action@e98a699c41eb69ab013a45817a0406469a748f8d # v2.0.5
     - name: PyLint checks
       run: uvx nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
 
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ jobs:
     needs: lint
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
       name: Install Python
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@11f9893b081a58869d3b5fccaea48c9e9e46f990 # v8.3.2
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
     - name: Generate a sample project
@@ -117,16 +117,16 @@ jobs:
           test_select: android
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
       name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
 
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@11f9893b081a58869d3b5fccaea48c9e9e46f990 # v8.3.2
 
     - name: Free up disk space
       if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.test_select != 'android'
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ jobs:
     # for oci_container unit tests
     - name: Set up QEMU
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@06116385d9baf250c9f4dcb4858b16962ea869c3 # v4.1.0
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8 # v4.2.0
 
     - name: Set up Xcode
       if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos-15') }}
@@ -168,6 +168,9 @@ jobs:
           if [[ -n "$GITHUB_PR_LABEL_CI_GRAALPY" ]]; then
             CIBW_ENABLE+=" graalpy"
           fi
+          if [[ -n "$GITHUB_PR_LABEL_CI_PYPY_EOL" ]]; then
+            CIBW_ENABLE+=" pypy-eol"
+          fi
         fi
         echo "CIBW_ENABLE=${CIBW_ENABLE}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
@@ -247,13 +250,13 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       archs: ${{ steps.archs.outputs.archs }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@11f9893b081a58869d3b5fccaea48c9e9e46f990 # v8.3.2
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
     - name: Get qemu emulated architectures
@@ -272,18 +275,18 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         arch: ${{ fromJSON(needs.emulated-archs.outputs.archs) }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@11f9893b081a58869d3b5fccaea48c9e9e46f990 # v8.3.2
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
     - name: Set up QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@06116385d9baf250c9f4dcb4858b16962ea869c3 # v4.1.0
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8 # v4.2.0
 
     - name: Run the emulation tests
       env:
@@ -296,14 +299,14 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
       name: Install Python 3.12
       with:
         python-version: '3.12'
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@11f9893b081a58869d3b5fccaea48c9e9e46f990 # v8.3.2
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
@@ -348,7 +351,7 @@ jobs:
         - os: macos-15
           test_select: android
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
     - name: Download a sample project

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ jobs:
         permission-contents: write
         permission-pull-requests: write
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@11f9893b081a58869d3b5fccaea48c9e9e46f990 # v8.3.2
       with:
         python-version: "3.14"
 
@@ -69,4 +69,5 @@ jobs:
         labels: |
           CI: GraalPy
           CI: PyPy
+          CI: PyPy EoL
           dependencies

.github/workflows/update-major-minor-tag.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 

.github/workflows/zizmor.yml

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ jobs:
       security-events: write
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Run zizmor 🌈
-        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@5f14fd08f7cf1cb1609c1e344975f152c7ee938d # v0.5.6
+        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@192e21d79ab29983730a13d1382995c2307fbcaa # v0.5.7

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ repos:
     exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/android/android.patch$
 
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: 0671d8ab202c4ac093b78433ae5baf74f3fc7246  # frozen: v0.15.15
+  rev: c59bba8fb259db0fec2bbb77ad8ba51ea7341b56  # frozen: v0.15.20
   hooks:
   - id: ruff-check
     args: ["--fix"]
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ repos:
       - dependency-groups>=1.2
       - humanize
       - nox>=2025.2.9
-      - orjson
       - packaging
       - pygithub
       - pytest
@@ -77,6 +76,14 @@ repos:
     files: '^(README\.md|docs/changelog\.md|docs/options\.md|bin/readme.*)$'
     additional_dependencies: [cogapp>=3.5]
 
+- repo: https://github.com/henryiii/flake8-lazy
+  rev: 5fed9a818f2583f0403aed779bf2b6c9aa8d25f4  # frozen: v0.8.5
+  hooks:
+  - id: flake8-lazy
+    args: ["--apply=set"]
+    files: '^cibuildwheel'
+    exclude: "^cibuildwheel/resources/"
+
 - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
   rev: 2ccb47ff45ad361a21071a7eedda4c37e6ae8c5a  # frozen: v2.4.2
   hooks:
@@ -86,14 +93,13 @@ repos:
 
 
 - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-  rev: 943377262562a12b57292fc98fabd7dbf81451fe  # frozen: 0.37.2
+  rev: 1a4bb160cab6417b3045e1b37b6b72449243e658  # frozen: 0.37.4
   hooks:
     - id: check-dependabot
     - id: check-github-actions
     - id: check-github-workflows
     - id: check-gitlab-ci
     - id: check-readthedocs
-    - id: check-travis
     - id: check-jsonschema
       name: Check projects
       args: [--schemafile, docs/data/projects.schema.json]

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ build:
     - asdf plugin add uv
     - asdf install uv latest
     - asdf global uv latest
-    - NO_COLOR=1 uv run --python 3.14 --managed-python --no-dev --group docs mkdocs build --strict --site-dir $READTHEDOCS_OUTPUT/html
+    - NO_COLOR=1 uv run --python 3.14 --managed-python --no-dev --group docs properdocs build --strict --site-dir $READTHEDOCS_OUTPUT/html

AGENTS.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 - `nox -s tests -- test -k before_build` — single integration test/file via pytest `-k`.
 - `nox -s lint` — run all linters (pre-commit/prek).
 - `nox -s pylint` — run pylint separately (not in pre-commit).
-- `nox -s docs` — mkdocs serve (interactive) or build (non-interactive).
+- `nox -s docs` — properdocs serve (interactive) or build (non-interactive).
 - Set up local dev env at `.venv`: `uv sync` (dependency groups used).
 
 ## Project layout
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 - `test/` — **integration tests** (expensive, run actual wheel builds).
 - `unit_test/` — **unit tests** (fast, no wheel builds).
 - `bin/` — maintainer scripts (update pins, generate README tables, schema, etc.).
-- `docs/` — mkdocs source.
+- `docs/` — properdocs (MkDocs fork) source.
 
 ## Testing specifics
 - Three test suites exist, run in this order by `bin/run_tests.py`:

README.md

@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ While cibuildwheel itself requires a recent Python version to run (we support th
 
 |                          | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64  | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x | manylinux<br/>musllinux armv7l | Android | iOS | Pyodide        |
 | ------------------------ | ----------- | ------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | -------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------- | --- | -------------- |
-| CPython 3.9              | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| CPython 3.10             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| CPython 3.11             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| CPython 3.12             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | ✅<sup>3</sup> |
-| CPython 3.13             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | ✅             |
-| CPython 3.14             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | ✅<sup>4</sup> |
-| CPython 3.15<sup>6</sup> | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | N/A            |
+| CPython 3.9              | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| CPython 3.10             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| CPython 3.11             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| CPython 3.12             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | ✅<sup>3</sup> |
+| CPython 3.13             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | ✅             |
+| CPython 3.14             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | ✅             |
+| CPython 3.15<sup>5</sup> | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | N/A            |
 | PyPy 3.9 v7.3            | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
 | PyPy 3.10 v7.3           | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
 | PyPy 3.11 v7.3           | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
@@ -39,9 +39,8 @@ While cibuildwheel itself requires a recent Python version to run (we support th
 <sup>**1** PyPy & GraalPy are only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
 <sup>**2** Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
 <sup>**3** Not supported on PyPI, uses old `pyodide` tag instead of `pyemscripten`. Requires `pyodide-eol` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable).</sup><br>
-<sup>**4** Experimental alpha ABI, do not upload to PyPI yet.</sup><br>
-<sup>**5** manylinux armv7l support is experimental. As there are no RHEL based image for this architecture, it's using an Ubuntu based image instead.</sup><br>
-<sup>**6** Python 3.15 requires opt-in using [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable).</sup><br>
+<sup>**4** manylinux armv7l support is experimental. As there are no RHEL based image for this architecture, it's using an Ubuntu based image instead.</sup><br>
+<sup>**5** Python 3.15 requires opt-in using [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable).</sup><br>
 
 - Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS, Windows, pyemscripten, iOS, and Android wheels
 - Supports CPython, PyPy, and GraalPy
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
 
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.1.1
 
       - name: Build wheels
         run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -190,8 +189,8 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
-| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
+| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
@@ -201,8 +200,8 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
-[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
+[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
@@ -240,6 +239,38 @@ Changelog
 
 <!-- [[[cog from readme_changelog import mini_changelog; print(mini_changelog()) ]]] -->
 
+### v4.1.1
+
+_24 July 2026_
+
+- ✨ Adds `pyodide-build` as a separate [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend), now the default frontend for Pyodide, with verbosity flags handling. Any other frontend is ignored with a warning on Pyodide. (#2609, #2945)
+- 🔐 Uses digests instead of tags for pinned container images, strengthening supply-chain security. The human-readable tags remain as comments in `pinned_docker_images.cfg`. (#2915)
+- 🐛 Fixes platform-specific [`test-runtime`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-runtime) environment variables (e.g. `CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_ANDROID`) not being honored (#2941)
+- 🐛 Fixes quoting of [`test-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires) and [`audit-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#audit-requires) so PEP 508 specifiers containing spaces work (#2913)
+- 🐛 Makes [`archs`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs) parsing case-insensitive and platform-aware, so e.g. `arm64` works on Windows (#2920)
+- 🐛 Uses an absolute path for the `{project}` placeholder in [`config-settings`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) (#2934)
+- 🐛 Validates the [`pyodide-version`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#pyodide-version) option against the build identifier with a clear error (#2925)
+- 🐛 Fixes PyPy installs on macOS after PyPy switched its downloads from `.tar.bz2` to `.tar.gz` (#2939)
+- 🐛 Makes a matching `python3-config` available in the build and test venvs on macOS (#2922)
+- 🛠 Updates dependencies and container pins (#2917, #2935, #2939)
+- 🛠 Updates Android tests to current Python versions and the new test repository URL (#2933)
+- 🛠 Drops the `orjson` dependency, no longer used by mypy 2+ (#2923)
+- 📚 Builds the docs with properdocs, a MkDocs fork (#2946)
+- 📚 Adds the missing `cp314-pyodide_wasm32` entry to the build identifier table (#2947)
+- 📚 Removes outdated notes about the `pip wheel` build frontend and ClearLinux (#2926)
+- 💼 Adds a "CI: PyPy EoL" PR label to run PyPy EoL tests on PRs (#2930)
+- 💼 Updates CI action pins and pre-commit hooks (#2914, #2932, #2938, #2940, #2942, #2943)
+
+### v4.1.0
+
+_12 June 2026_
+
+- ✨ Updates Pyodide to the final 314.0.0 release, so Pyodide 3.14 wheels now build by default without the `pyodide-prerelease` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) flag. (#2906)
+- 🐛 Raises clear errors when a build produces no wheel, instead of failing later with a confusing message (#2909)
+- 🛠 Speeds up CLI startup through lazy imports on Python 3.15 (#2797)
+- 📚 Adds an FAQ section on caching cibuildwheel's downloaded tools with `CIBW_CACHE_PATH` (#2842)
+- 📚 Documentation improvements: clarifies which shell is used for command options, clarifies environment variable precedence, and fixes a dead Pyodide env info link (#2904, #2905, #2911)
+
 ### v4.0.0
 
 _7 June 2026_
@@ -249,9 +280,10 @@ See @henryiii's [release post](https://iscinumpy.dev/post/cibuildwheel-4-0-0/) f
 - 🌟 Adds wheel auditing with `abi3audit` as a default after the repair step, with new [`audit-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#audit-requires) and [`audit-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#audit-command) options (#2805)
 - 🌟 Adds `pyemscripten` platform tag support (PEP 783), updates Pyodide to 314.0.0a2, and adds a `pyodide-eol` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) flag for building end-of-life Pyodide versions (#2812, #2848)
 - 🌟 Sets up `delvewheel` as the default [`repair-wheel-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command) for Windows, so extension module DLLs are now bundled automatically. Skip by setting it to empty if not needed. (#2831)
-- ✨ Adds CPython 3.15 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.15.0b1. (#2833, #2850)
+- ✨ Adds CPython 3.15 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.15.0b2. (#2833, #2850)
 
     _While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.15 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag._
+
 - ✨ Adds CPython 3.15 support for iOS and Android (#2857, #2858)
 - ✨ Adds Android improvements for building NumPy and related packages, including auditwheel support, pkg-config and Fortran configuration, and the [`xbuild-files`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#xbuild-files) option (#2695)
 - ✨ Adds `CIBUILDWHEEL_BUILD_IDENTIFIER` environment variable set to the current build identifier (e.g. `cp311-manylinux_x86_64`) during per-build steps (#2872)
@@ -318,27 +350,7 @@ _5 March 2026_
 - ✨ Add support for quiet setting on `build` and `uv` from the cibuildwheel `build-verbosity` setting. (#2737)
 - 📚 Docs updates, including guidance on using Meson on Windows (#2718)
 
-### v3.3.1
-
-_5 January 2026_
-
-- 🛠 Update dependencies and container pins, including updating to CPython 3.14.2. (#2708)
-
-### v3.3.0
-
-_12 November 2025_
-
-- 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with Docker v29 (#2660)
-- ✨ Adds `test-runtime` option, to customise how tests on simulated/emulated environments are run (#2636)
-- ✨ Adds support for new `manylinux_2_35` images on 32-bit ARM `armv7l`, offering better C++20 compatibility (#2656)
-- ✨ `build[uv]` is now supported on Android (#2587)
-- ✨ You can now install extras (such as `uv`) with a simple option on the GitHub Action (#2630)
-- ✨ `{project}` and `{package}` placeholders are now supported in `repair-wheel-command` (#2589)
-- 🛠 The versions set with `dependency-versions` no longer constrain packages specified by your `build-system.requires`. Previously, on platforms other than Linux, the constraints in this option would remain in the environment during the build. This has been tidied up make behaviour more consistent between platforms, and to prevent version conflicts. (#2583)
-- 🛠 Improve the handling of `test-command` on Android, enabling more options to be passed (#2590)
-- 📚 Docs improvements (#2618)
-
-<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: B1EtXSS7u7) -->
+<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: kQUcUVgqfM) -->
 
 ---
 

action.yml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ branding:
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
       id: python
       with:
         python-version: "3.11 - 3.14"

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pr:
       - .readthedocs.yml
       - .travis.yml
       - README.md
-      - mkdocs.yml
+      - properdocs.yml
       - noxfile.py
 
 jobs:

bin/generate_schema.py

@@ -393,6 +393,25 @@ for os_name, command in [
 
 del oses["linux"]["properties"]["dependency-versions"]
 
+oses["pyodide"]["properties"]["build-frontend"] = {
+    **schema["properties"]["build-frontend"],
+    "default": "pyodide-build",
+    "description": 'On the pyodide platform, the build frontend must be "pyodide-build"',
+    "oneOf": [
+        {"enum": ["pyodide-build"]},
+        {"type": "string", "pattern": "^pyodide-build; ?args:"},
+        {
+            "type": "object",
+            "additionalProperties": False,
+            "required": ["name"],
+            "properties": {
+                "name": {"enum": ["pyodide-build"]},
+                "args": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
+            },
+        },
+    ],
+}
+
 schema["properties"]["overrides"] = overrides
 schema["properties"] |= oses
 

bin/update_docker.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 import configparser
 import dataclasses
+from functools import cache
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import requests
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ class PyPAImage(Image):
         super().__init__(manylinux_version, platforms, image_name, tag, True)
 
 
-images = [
+IMAGES = [
     # manylinux2014 images
     PyPAImage(
         "manylinux2014",
@@ -88,49 +89,71 @@ images = [
     ),
 ]
 
-config = configparser.ConfigParser()
 
-for image in images:
-    # get the tag name whose digest matches 'latest'
-    if image.tag is not None:
-        # image has been pinned, do not update
-        tag_name = image.tag
-    elif image.image_name.startswith("quay.io/"):
-        _, _, repository_name = image.image_name.partition("/")
-        response = requests.get(
-            f"https://quay.io/api/v1/repository/{repository_name}?includeTags=true"
-        )
-        response.raise_for_status()
-        repo_info = response.json()
-        tags_dict = repo_info["tags"]
-
-        latest_tag = tags_dict.pop("latest")
+@cache
+def quay_lookup(image_name: str, tag_name: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    _, _, repository_name = image_name.partition("/")
+    if tag_name == "latest":
+        url = f"https://quay.io/api/v1/repository/{repository_name}?includeTags=true"
+    else:
+        url = f"https://quay.io/api/v1/repository/{repository_name}/tag?specificTag={tag_name}"
+    response = requests.get(url)
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    info = response.json()
+    if tag_name == "latest":
+        tags_dict = info["tags"]
+        tag_info = tags_dict.pop(tag_name)
         # find the tag whose manifest matches 'latest'
-        tag_name = next(
-            name
+        tag_name, digest = next(
+            (name, info["manifest_digest"])
             for (name, info) in tags_dict.items()
-            if info["manifest_digest"] == latest_tag["manifest_digest"]
+            if info["manifest_digest"] == tag_info["manifest_digest"]
         )
-    elif image.image_name.startswith("ghcr.io/"):
-        repository = image.image_name[8:]
-        response = requests.get(
-            "https://ghcr.io/token", params={"scope": f"repository:{repository}:pull"}
-        )
-        response.raise_for_status()
-        token = response.json()["token"]
+    else:
+        tags_list = info["tags"]
+        tag_info = next(tag for tag in tags_list if tag["name"] == tag_name)
+        digest = tag_info["manifest_digest"]
+
+    return tag_name, digest
+
+
+@cache
+def ghcr_lookup(image_name: str, tag_name: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    repository = image_name[8:]
+    response = requests.get(
+        "https://ghcr.io/token", params={"scope": f"repository:{repository}:pull"}
+    )
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    token = response.json()["token"]
+    if tag_name == "latest":
         response = requests.get(
             f"https://ghcr.io/v2/{repository}/tags/list",
             headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
         )
         response.raise_for_status()
-        ghcr_tags = [(Version(tag), tag) for tag in response.json()["tags"] if tag != "latest"]
+        info = response.json()
+        ghcr_tags = [(Version(tag), tag) for tag in info["tags"] if tag != "latest"]
         ghcr_tags.sort(reverse=True)
         tag_name = ghcr_tags[0][1]
-    else:
-        response = requests.get(f"https://hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/{image.image_name}/tags")
-        response.raise_for_status()
-        tags = response.json()["results"]
 
+    response = requests.head(
+        f"https://ghcr.io/v2/{repository}/manifests/{tag_name}",
+        headers={
+            "Authorization": f"Bearer {token}",
+            "Accept": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json, application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json, application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json, application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json, application/vnd.oci.artifact.manifest.v1+json",
+        },
+    )
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    digest = response.headers["Docker-Content-Digest"]
+    return tag_name, digest
+
+
+@cache
+def dockerhub_lookup(image_name: str, tag_name: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    response = requests.get(f"https://hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/{image_name}/tags")
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    tags = response.json()["results"]
+    if tag_name == "latest":
         latest_tag = next(tag for tag in tags if tag["name"] == "latest")
         # i don't know what it would mean to have multiple images per tag
         assert len(latest_tag["images"]) == 1
@@ -139,15 +162,40 @@ for image in images:
         pinned_tag = next(
             tag for tag in tags if tag != latest_tag and tag["images"][0]["digest"] == digest
         )
-        tag_name = pinned_tag["name"]
+    else:
+        pinned_tag = next(tag for tag in tags if tag["name"] == tag_name)
+        digest = pinned_tag["images"][0]["digest"]
+    tag_name = pinned_tag["name"]
+    return tag_name, digest
 
-    for platform in image.platforms:
-        if not config.has_section(platform):
-            config[platform] = {}
-        suffix = ""
-        if image.use_platform_suffix:
-            suffix = f"_{platform.removeprefix('pypy_')}"
-        config[platform][image.manylinux_version] = f"{image.image_name}{suffix}:{tag_name}"
 
-with open(RESOURCES / "pinned_docker_images.cfg", "w") as f:
-    config.write(f)
+def main() -> None:
+    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    for image in IMAGES:
+        # get the tag name whose digest matches 'latest'
+        # if image has been pinned, do not update
+        search_tag = image.tag or "latest"
+        if image.image_name.startswith("quay.io/"):
+            lookup = quay_lookup
+        elif image.image_name.startswith("ghcr.io/"):
+            lookup = ghcr_lookup
+        else:
+            lookup = dockerhub_lookup
+
+        tag_name, digest = lookup(image.image_name, search_tag)
+        for platform in image.platforms:
+            if not config.has_section(platform):
+                config[platform] = {}
+            image_name = image.image_name
+            if image.use_platform_suffix:
+                image_name = f"{image_name}_{platform.removeprefix('pypy_')}"
+                _, digest = lookup(image_name, tag_name)
+            assert digest.startswith("sha256:")
+            config[platform][image.manylinux_version] = f"{image_name}@{digest}  # {tag_name}"
+
+    with open(RESOURCES / "pinned_docker_images.cfg", "w") as f:
+        config.write(f)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

bin/update_pythons.py

@@ -124,14 +124,22 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
         response.raise_for_status()
 
         releases = response.json()
-        gp_version_re = re.compile(r"-(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)$")
+        gp_asset_re = re.compile(
+            r"^(?P<prefix>graalpy(?P<cpython>\d+\.\d+)?-(?P<graalpy>\d+\.\d+\.\d+))-"
+        )
         cp_version_re = re.compile(r"Python (\d+\.\d+(?:\.\d+)?)")
         for release in releases:
-            m = gp_version_re.search(release["tag_name"])
-            if m:
-                release["graalpy_version"] = Version(m.group(1))
-            m = cp_version_re.search(release["body"])
-            if m:
+            for asset in release["assets"]:
+                m = gp_asset_re.match(asset["name"])
+                if m:
+                    release["asset_prefix"] = m.group("prefix")
+                    release["graalpy_version"] = Version(m.group("graalpy"))
+                    if m.group("cpython"):
+                        release["python_version"] = Version(m.group("cpython"))
+                    break
+            if "python_version" not in release and (
+                m := cp_version_re.search(release["body"] or "")
+            ):
                 release["python_version"] = Version(m.group(1))
 
         self.releases = [r for r in releases if "graalpy_version" in r and "python_version" in r]
@@ -172,12 +180,11 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
         ext = "zip" if "win" in identifier else "tar.gz"
         for release in reversed(releases):
             version = release["python_version"]
-            gpversion = release["graalpy_version"]
             urls = [
                 rf["browser_download_url"]
                 for rf in release["assets"]
                 if rf["name"].endswith(f"{platform}-{arch}.{ext}")
-                and rf["name"].startswith(f"graalpy-{gpversion.major}")
+                and rf["name"].startswith(release["asset_prefix"])
             ]
             if not urls:
                 continue

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "4.0.0"
+__version__ = "4.1.1"

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -1,9 +1,35 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "argparse",
+    "cibuildwheel._compat",
+    "cibuildwheel._compat.tarfile",
+    "cibuildwheel.architecture",
+    "cibuildwheel.ci",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.options",
+    "cibuildwheel.platforms",
+    "cibuildwheel.selector",
+    "cibuildwheel.typing",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.resources",
+    "contextlib",
+    "functools",
+    "io",
+    "pathlib",
+    "shutil",
+    "tempfile",
+    "textwrap",
+    "traceback",
+}
+
 import argparse
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
 import functools
+import io
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
@@ -30,7 +56,7 @@ from cibuildwheel.util.resources import read_all_configs
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Sequence
-    from typing import Any, Literal, TextIO
+    from typing import Literal
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -44,23 +70,6 @@ class FileReport:
     size: str
 
 
-# Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/107717
-class Unbuffered:
-    def __init__(self, stream: TextIO) -> None:
-        self.stream = stream
-
-    def write(self, data: str) -> None:
-        self.stream.write(data)
-        self.stream.flush()
-
-    def writelines(self, data: Iterable[str]) -> None:
-        self.stream.writelines(data)
-        self.stream.flush()
-
-    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:  # noqa: ANN401
-        return getattr(self.stream, attr)
-
-
 def main() -> None:
     global_options = GlobalOptions()
     try:
@@ -360,10 +369,11 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
     # Add CIBUILDWHEEL environment variable
     os.environ["CIBUILDWHEEL"] = "1"
 
-    # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving
-    # problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to
-    # 'print'
-    sys.stdout = Unbuffered(sys.stdout)
+    # Python block-buffers stdout when it isn't a tty, which de-interleaves
+    # `print` output and direct fd-1 writes from subprocesses sharing this
+    # stdout. line_buffering allows each newline to flush all the way to fd-1.
+    if isinstance(sys.stdout, io.TextIOWrapper):
+        sys.stdout.reconfigure(line_buffering=True)
 
     # create the cache dir before it gets printed & builds performed
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"platform", "re", "shutil", "subprocess"}
+
 import platform as platform_module
 import re
 import shutil
@@ -105,13 +107,29 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
                 case "auto32":
                     result |= cls.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="32")
                 case _:
-                    try:
-                        result.add(cls(arch_str))
-                    except ValueError as e:
+                    if arch := cls._parse_arch_name(arch_str, platform=platform):
+                        result.add(arch)
+                    else:
                         msg = f"Invalid architecture '{arch_str}'"
-                        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
+                        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
         return result
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _parse_arch_name(cls, arch_str: str, platform: PlatformName) -> Self | None:
+        """Resolve an architecture name case-insensitively.
+
+        The same value (e.g. "arm64"/"ARM64") can map to different members
+        depending on the platform, so prefer a member valid for ``platform``
+        before falling back to any case-insensitive match.
+        """
+        for arch in cls.all_archs(platform):
+            if arch.value.lower() == arch_str.lower():
+                return arch
+        for arch in cls:
+            if arch.value.lower() == arch_str.lower():
+                return arch
+        return None
+
     @classmethod
     def native_arch(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> Self | None:
         native_machine = platform_module.machine()

cibuildwheel/audit.py

@@ -1,5 +1,16 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "cibuildwheel.venv",
+    "pathlib",
+    "subprocess",
+}
+
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path

cibuildwheel/bashlex_eval.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"bashlex", "subprocess"}
+
 import dataclasses
 import subprocess
 

cibuildwheel/ci.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+__lazy_modules__ = {"cibuildwheel.util", "cibuildwheel.util.helpers"}
+
 import os
 import re
 from enum import Enum

cibuildwheel/environment.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"bashlex", "bashlex.errors"}
+
 import dataclasses
 from typing import Protocol
 

cibuildwheel/errors.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ a different return code, by defining them all here, we can ensure that they're
 semantically clear and unique.
 """
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"textwrap"}
+
 import textwrap
 
 
@@ -109,3 +111,19 @@ class AuditCommandFailedError(FatalError):
     def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
         super().__init__(message)
         self.return_code = 9
+
+
+class BuildProducedNoWheelError(FatalError):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = textwrap.dedent(
+            """
+            Build failed because the build frontend completed successfully but
+            did not produce a wheel.
+
+            This usually indicates a problem with your project configuration or
+            build backend. Check your project configuration, or run cibuildwheel
+            with CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY=1 to view build logs.
+            """
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.return_code = 10

cibuildwheel/extra.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ These are utilities for the `/bin` scripts, not for the `cibuildwheel` program.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"io", "json", "urllib", "urllib.error", "urllib.request"}
+
 import json
 import time
 import typing
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ class PyodideXBuildEnvInfo(typing.TypedDict):
 
 def get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info() -> PyodideXBuildEnvInfo:
     xbuildenv_info_url = (
-        "https://pyodide.github.io/pyodide/api/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json"
+        "https://pyodide.github.io/pyodide/api/v2/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json"
     )
     with urllib.request.urlopen(xbuildenv_info_url) as response:
         return typing.cast("PyodideXBuildEnvInfo", json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8")))

cibuildwheel/frontend.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"cibuildwheel.util", "cibuildwheel.util.helpers", "shlex"}
+
 import dataclasses
 import shlex
 import typing
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
     from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
 
-BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]", "uv"]
+BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]", "uv", "pyodide-build"]
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -44,6 +46,11 @@ class BuildFrontendConfig:
 
 
 def _get_verbosity_flags(level: int, frontend: BuildFrontendName) -> list[str]:
+    if frontend == "pyodide-build":
+        if level > 0:
+            return ["-" + min(level, 2) * "v"]
+        return []
+
     if level < 0:
         return ["-" + -level * "q"]
 

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.ci",
+    "contextlib",
+    "functools",
+    "hashlib",
+    "humanize",
+    "io",
+    "pathlib",
+    "re",
+    "textwrap",
+}
+
 import codecs
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
@@ -363,11 +375,11 @@ class Logger:
         out.write("\n")
         return out.getvalue()
 
-    @property
+    @functools.cached_property
     def colors(self) -> Colors:
         return Colors(enabled=self.colors_enabled)
 
-    @property
+    @functools.cached_property
     def symbols(self) -> Symbols:
         return Symbols(unicode=self.unicode_enabled)
 

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -1,5 +1,23 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.ci",
+    "cibuildwheel.errors",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "contextlib",
+    "io",
+    "json",
+    "platform",
+    "shlex",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+    "textwrap",
+    "uuid",
+}
+
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
 import io

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -1,5 +1,29 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.architecture",
+    "cibuildwheel.environment",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.oci_container",
+    "cibuildwheel.projectfiles",
+    "cibuildwheel.selector",
+    "cibuildwheel.typing",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "collections",
+    "configparser",
+    "contextlib",
+    "difflib",
+    "packaging",
+    "packaging.specifiers",
+    "pathlib",
+    "shlex",
+    "textwrap",
+    "tomllib",
+}
+
 import collections
 import configparser
 import contextlib
@@ -19,7 +43,7 @@ from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 from cibuildwheel import errors
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
 from cibuildwheel.environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
-from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendConfig
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, BuildFrontendName
 from cibuildwheel.logger import log
 from cibuildwheel.oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
 from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, resolve_dependency_groups
@@ -797,7 +821,6 @@ class Options:
 
             test_runtime_str = self.reader.get(
                 "test-runtime",
-                env_plat=False,
                 option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
             )
             if not test_runtime_str:
@@ -809,9 +832,11 @@ class Options:
                     msg = f"Failed to parse test runtime config. {e}"
                     raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
 
-            test_requires = self.reader.get(
-                "test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
-            ).split()
+            test_requires = shlex.split(
+                self.reader.get(
+                    "test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ", quote=shlex.quote)
+                )
+            )
             test_extras = self.reader.get("test-extras", option_format=ListFormat(sep=","))
             test_groups_str = self.reader.get("test-groups", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "))
             test_groups = [x for x in test_groups_str.split() if x]
@@ -825,8 +850,11 @@ class Options:
                 env_plat=False,
                 option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
             )
+            default_frontend: BuildFrontendName = (
+                "pyodide-build" if self.platform == "pyodide" else "build"
+            )
             if not build_frontend_str or build_frontend_str == "default":
-                build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig("build")
+                build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig(default_frontend)
             else:
                 try:
                     build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig.from_config_string(build_frontend_str)
@@ -834,6 +862,18 @@ class Options:
                     msg = f"Failed to parse build frontend. {e}"
                     raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
 
+            if self.platform == "pyodide" and build_frontend.name != "pyodide-build":
+                # pip and uv could become an error, eventually. build -> pyodide-build is
+                # probably fine to keep as a warning
+                log.warning(
+                    f"The pyodide platform ignores the {build_frontend.name!r} build "
+                    "frontend; using 'pyodide-build' instead"
+                )
+                build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig("pyodide-build", build_frontend.args)
+            if self.platform != "pyodide" and build_frontend.name == "pyodide-build":
+                msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is only supported on the pyodide platform"
+                raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+
             try:
                 environment = parse_environment(environment_config)
             except (EnvironmentParseError, ValueError) as e:
@@ -908,9 +948,11 @@ class Options:
             )
             audit_command = audit_command_str.split(" && ") if audit_command_str else []
 
-            audit_requires = self.reader.get(
-                "audit-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
-            ).split()
+            audit_requires = shlex.split(
+                self.reader.get(
+                    "audit-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ", quote=shlex.quote)
+                )
+            )
 
             return BuildOptions(
                 globals=self.globals,
@@ -1096,6 +1138,6 @@ def _get_pinned_container_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
       'pypy_x86_64': {'manylinux2010': '...' }
       ... }
     """
-    all_pinned_images = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    all_pinned_images = configparser.ConfigParser(inline_comment_prefixes="#")
     all_pinned_images.read(resources.PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES)
     return all_pinned_images

cibuildwheel/platforms/android.py

@@ -1,5 +1,33 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "build",
+    "build.env",
+    "cibuildwheel.architecture",
+    "cibuildwheel.audit",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone",
+    "cibuildwheel.venv",
+    "filelock",
+    "packaging",
+    "packaging.utils",
+    "pathlib",
+    "platform",
+    "pprint",
+    "re",
+    "runpy",
+    "shlex",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+    "textwrap",
+    "typing",
+}
+
 import os
 import platform
 import re
@@ -195,10 +223,6 @@ def setup_target_python(config: PythonConfiguration, build_path: Path) -> Path:
     python_dir.mkdir()
     shutil.unpack_archive(python_tgz, python_dir)
 
-    # Patch a testbed bug. This code and the patch file can both be removed once we've
-    # updated to Python versions that include the fix.
-    call("patch", "-p1", "-i", RESOURCES_ANDROID / "android.patch", cwd=python_dir)
-
     # Work around https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/138800. This can be removed
     # once we've updated to Python versions that include the fix.
     pc_path = python_dir / f"prefix/lib/pkgconfig/python-{config.version}.pc"
@@ -286,7 +310,9 @@ def setup_env(
         "wheel",
         parse_config_settings(
             prepare_config_settings(
-                build_options.config_settings, project=".", package=build_options.package_dir
+                build_options.config_settings,
+                project=Path.cwd(),
+                package=build_options.package_dir,
             )
         ),
     )
@@ -410,10 +436,14 @@ def setup_android_env(
     #   * a key=value string, without quotes
     for i, token in enumerate(shlex.split(env_output)):
         if i % 2 == 0:
-            assert token == "export", token
+            if token != "export":
+                msg = f"Unexpected output from android.py env: expected 'export', got {token!r}"
+                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
         else:
             key, sep, value = token.partition("=")
-            assert sep == "=", token
+            if sep != "=":
+                msg = f"Unexpected output from android.py env: expected 'key=value', got {token!r}"
+                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
             android_env[key] = value
 
     # localized_vars cleared the CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS in the sysconfigdata, but most
@@ -572,7 +602,7 @@ def build_wheel(state: BuildState) -> Path:
                     state.options.build_verbosity,
                     prepare_config_settings(
                         state.options.config_settings,
-                        project=".",
+                        project=Path.cwd(),
                         package=state.options.package_dir,
                     ),
                 ),
@@ -593,7 +623,7 @@ def build_wheel(state: BuildState) -> Path:
                     state.options.build_verbosity,
                     prepare_config_settings(
                         state.options.config_settings,
-                        project=".",
+                        project=Path.cwd(),
                         package=state.options.package_dir,
                     ),
                 ),

cibuildwheel/platforms/ios.py

@@ -1,5 +1,28 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.audit",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.platforms.macos",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "cibuildwheel.venv",
+    "filelock",
+    "packaging",
+    "packaging.version",
+    "pathlib",
+    "platform",
+    "shlex",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+    "textwrap",
+    "typing",
+}
+
 import dataclasses
 import os
 import platform
@@ -95,6 +118,14 @@ def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
         matching = [
             config for config in macos_python_configs if config["identifier"] == macos_identifier
         ]
+        if not matching:
+            msg = (
+                f"Internal error: no macOS configuration found matching "
+                f"{macos_identifier!r}, needed to build the iOS configuration "
+                f"{config_dict['identifier']!r}. The bundled build-platforms.toml "
+                f"resources are inconsistent."
+            )
+            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
         return matching[0]
 
     # Load the platform configuration
@@ -432,6 +463,9 @@ def setup_python(
                 *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
                 env=env,
             )
+        case "pyodide-build":
+            msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
         case _:
             assert_never(build_frontend)
 
@@ -525,7 +559,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     build_options.build_verbosity,
                     prepare_config_settings(
                         build_options.config_settings,
-                        project=".",
+                        project=Path.cwd(),
                         package=build_options.package_dir,
                     ),
                 )
@@ -557,10 +591,16 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             *extra_flags,
                             env=env,
                         )
+                    case "pyodide-build":
+                        msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+                        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
                     case _:
                         assert_never(build_frontend)
 
-                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                try:
+                    built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.BuildProducedNoWheelError() from None
 
                 if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                     raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()

cibuildwheel/platforms/linux.py

@@ -1,5 +1,22 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.audit",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "collections",
+    "contextlib",
+    "pathlib",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+    "textwrap",
+    "typing",
+}
+
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
 import shutil
@@ -343,10 +360,16 @@ def build_in_container(
                         ],
                         env=env,
                     )
+                case "pyodide-build":
+                    msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+                    raise errors.FatalError(msg)
                 case _:
                     assert_never(build_frontend)
 
-            built_wheel = container.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
+            try:
+                built_wheel = container.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
+            except IndexError:
+                raise errors.BuildProducedNoWheelError() from None
 
             repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
             container.call(["rm", "-rf", repaired_wheel_dir])

cibuildwheel/platforms/macos.py

@@ -1,5 +1,27 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.audit",
+    "cibuildwheel.ci",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "cibuildwheel.venv",
+    "filelock",
+    "inspect",
+    "packaging",
+    "packaging.version",
+    "pathlib",
+    "platform",
+    "re",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+}
+
 import dataclasses
 import functools
 import inspect
@@ -193,18 +215,19 @@ def install_cpython(_tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool, sh
 
 
 def install_pypy(tmp: Path, url: str, sha256: str) -> Path:
-    pypy_tar_bz2 = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
-    extension = ".tar.bz2"
-    assert pypy_tar_bz2.endswith(extension)
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / pypy_tar_bz2[: -len(extension)]
+    pypy_archive = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+    # PyPy ships .tar.bz2 for some platforms and .tar.gz for others.
+    extension = ".tar.bz2" if pypy_archive.endswith(".tar.bz2") else ".tar.gz"
+    assert pypy_archive.endswith(extension)
+    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / pypy_archive[: -len(extension)]
     with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
         if not installation_path.exists():
-            downloaded_tar_bz2 = tmp / pypy_tar_bz2
-            download(url, downloaded_tar_bz2, sha256=sha256)
+            downloaded_archive = tmp / pypy_archive
+            download(url, downloaded_archive, sha256=sha256)
             installation_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
             with remove_on_error(installation_path):
-                call("tar", "-C", installation_path.parent, "-xf", downloaded_tar_bz2)
-            downloaded_tar_bz2.unlink()
+                call("tar", "-C", installation_path.parent, "-xf", downloaded_archive)
+            downloaded_archive.unlink()
     return installation_path / "bin" / "pypy3"
 
 
@@ -427,6 +450,9 @@ def setup_python(
                 *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
                 env=env,
             )
+        case "pyodide-build":
+            msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
         case _:
             assert_never(build_frontend)
 
@@ -512,7 +538,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     build_options.build_verbosity,
                     prepare_config_settings(
                         build_options.config_settings,
-                        project=".",
+                        project=Path.cwd(),
                         package=build_options.package_dir,
                     ),
                 )
@@ -563,10 +589,16 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             *extra_flags,
                             env=build_env,
                         )
+                    case "pyodide-build":
+                        msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+                        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
                     case _:
                         assert_never(build_frontend)
 
-                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                try:
+                    built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.BuildProducedNoWheelError() from None
 
                 repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 

cibuildwheel/platforms/pyodide.py

@@ -1,5 +1,26 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.architecture",
+    "cibuildwheel.audit",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone",
+    "cibuildwheel.venv",
+    "filelock",
+    "json",
+    "pathlib",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+    "tempfile",
+    "tomllib",
+}
+
 import dataclasses
 import functools
 import json
@@ -197,6 +218,36 @@ def validate_pyodide_build_version(
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
 
+def validate_pyodide_target_python(
+    xbuildenv_info: PyodideXBuildEnvInfo, python_configuration: PythonConfiguration
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Validate that the resolved Pyodide xbuildenv targets the same Python version
+    as the identifier being built.
+
+    This is to catch the case where a global ``pyodide-version`` is applied to an
+    identifier whose Python version does not match, such as setting
+    ``pyodide-version = "3Y.0.0"`` (a Python 3.Y environment) while
+    building ``cp3X-pyodide_wasm32``.
+    """
+    xbuildenv_version = xbuildenv_info["version"]
+    identifier = python_configuration.identifier
+    expected_version = python_configuration.version
+    default_version = python_configuration.default_pyodide_version
+    xbuildenv_python_minor = ".".join(xbuildenv_info["python"].split(".")[:2])
+    if xbuildenv_python_minor != expected_version:
+        msg = unwrap_preserving_paragraphs(f"""
+            The `pyodide-version` option is set to {xbuildenv_version}, which
+            provides Python {xbuildenv_python_minor}, but the {identifier} build
+            needs Python {expected_version}.
+
+            Either remove `pyodide-version` so {identifier} uses its default
+            ({default_version}), or stop building {identifier} so that
+            `pyodide-version` only applies to an identifier it matches.
+        """)
+        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+
+
 def install_xbuildenv(env: dict[str, str], xbuildenv_cache_path: Path, pyodide_version: str) -> str:
     """Install a particular Pyodide xbuildenv version and set a path to the Pyodide root."""
     pyodide_root = xbuildenv_cache_path / pyodide_version / "xbuildenv" / "pyodide-root"
@@ -316,6 +367,10 @@ def setup_python(
         xbuildenv_info=xbuildenv_info,
         pyodide_build_version=pyodide_build_version,
     )
+    validate_pyodide_target_python(
+        xbuildenv_info=xbuildenv_info,
+        python_configuration=python_configuration,
+    )
 
     xbuildenv_cache_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"pyodide-build-{pyodide_build_version}"
 
@@ -371,10 +426,6 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
             build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
 
-            if build_frontend.name == "pip":
-                msg = "The pyodide platform doesn't support pip frontend"
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
             identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
@@ -438,7 +489,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     build_options.build_verbosity,
                     prepare_config_settings(
                         build_options.config_settings,
-                        project=".",
+                        project=Path.cwd(),
                         package=build_options.package_dir,
                     ),
                 )
@@ -451,7 +502,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     *extra_flags,
                     env=env,
                 )
-                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                try:
+                    built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.BuildProducedNoWheelError() from None
 
                 if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                     raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
@@ -471,7 +525,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 else:
                     shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
 
-                repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                try:
+                    repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.RepairStepProducedNoWheelError() from None
 
                 if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
                     raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)

cibuildwheel/platforms/windows.py

@@ -1,5 +1,25 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.architecture",
+    "cibuildwheel.audit",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "cibuildwheel.venv",
+    "filelock",
+    "pathlib",
+    "platform",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+    "textwrap",
+    "typing",
+}
+
 import dataclasses
 import os
 import platform as platform_module
@@ -328,7 +348,7 @@ def setup_python(
         assert (venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists()
         where_pip = call("where", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).splitlines()[0].strip()
         print(where_pip)
-        if where_pip.strip() != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe"):
+        if where_pip != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe"):
             msg = "pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
             raise errors.FatalError(msg)
         call("pip", "--version", env=env)
@@ -381,6 +401,9 @@ def setup_python(
                 *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
                 env=env,
             )
+        case "pyodide-build":
+            msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
         case _:
             assert_never(build_frontend)
 
@@ -469,7 +492,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     build_options.build_verbosity,
                     prepare_config_settings(
                         build_options.config_settings,
-                        project=".",
+                        project=Path.cwd(),
                         package=options.globals.package_dir,
                     ),
                 )
@@ -519,10 +542,16 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             *extra_flags,
                             env=env,
                         )
+                    case "pyodide-build":
+                        msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+                        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
                     case _:
                         assert_never(build_frontend)
 
-                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                try:
+                    built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.BuildProducedNoWheelError() from None
 
                 # repair the wheel
                 repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()

cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"configparser", "contextlib", "dependency_groups"}
+
 import ast
 import configparser
 import contextlib

cibuildwheel/resources/android/android.patch

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
---- a/android.py
-+++ b/android.py
-@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ def main():
-     context = parse_args()
- 
-     # Set the CROSS_BUILD_DIR if an argument was provided
--    if context.cross_build_dir:
-+    if getattr(context, "cross_build_dir", None):
-         global CROSS_BUILD_DIR
-         CROSS_BUILD_DIR = context.cross_build_dir.resolve()
- 

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -153,27 +153,27 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "8373e58da4ea146b3eb1c1f9834f19a319440b6b679b06050b1f9ee3237aa8e4" },
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "8373e58da4ea146b3eb1c1f9834f19a319440b6b679b06050b1f9ee3237aa8e4" },
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "8373e58da4ea146b3eb1c1f9834f19a319440b6b679b06050b1f9ee3237aa8e4" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "a909cb655af5db67d5a90b3603437a1d58bec3446d624e4034e278ac62023cc9" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "a909cb655af5db67d5a90b3603437a1d58bec3446d624e4034e278ac62023cc9" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "a909cb655af5db67d5a90b3603437a1d58bec3446d624e4034e278ac62023cc9" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "b28a8dc33c456dd06c97024697d63ca916cfb494594c06fa3e4ef4d41fa82335" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "b28a8dc33c456dd06c97024697d63ca916cfb494594c06fa3e4ef4d41fa82335" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "b28a8dc33c456dd06c97024697d63ca916cfb494594c06fa3e4ef4d41fa82335" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "b28a8dc33c456dd06c97024697d63ca916cfb494594c06fa3e4ef4d41fa82335" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "b28a8dc33c456dd06c97024697d63ca916cfb494594c06fa3e4ef4d41fa82335" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "b28a8dc33c456dd06c97024697d63ca916cfb494594c06fa3e4ef4d41fa82335" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b2-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "29b5c95f255f846f77e1c119146836445f929de1392a3ae9ef24f559e1345418" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-macosx_arm64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b2-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "29b5c95f255f846f77e1c119146836445f929de1392a3ae9ef24f559e1345418" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-macosx_universal2", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b2-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "29b5c95f255f846f77e1c119146836445f929de1392a3ae9ef24f559e1345418" },
-  { identifier = "cp315t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b2-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "29b5c95f255f846f77e1c119146836445f929de1392a3ae9ef24f559e1345418" },
-  { identifier = "cp315t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b2-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "29b5c95f255f846f77e1c119146836445f929de1392a3ae9ef24f559e1345418" },
-  { identifier = "cp315t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b2-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "29b5c95f255f846f77e1c119146836445f929de1392a3ae9ef24f559e1345418" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2", sha256 = "fda015431621e7e5aa16359d114f2c45a77ed936992c1efff86302e768a6b21c" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.bz2", sha256 = "88f824e7a2d676440d09bc90fc959ae0fd3557d7e2f14bfbbe53d41d159a47fe" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2", sha256 = "2c5e5c2a33ac882551d7f28b98d19d486b8995aa50824a73b4edcc6aeec35c63" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.bz2", sha256 = "3db8a03fc496164801646844d7f3b12baa0adb3ad9a0b7cb124521bc2e168a36" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.23-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2", sha256 = "c95363c4e87235d11a6cec8128239c291b1eb67a752778fbcfe029a71da82b5e" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.23-macos_arm64.tar.bz2", sha256 = "4747b3aceba4c1c6104cddc0fe5ea302101d32955f0957347b9ecc4fbd7aed05" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.14/python-3.13.14-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "8e58affb218c155a1dfdc27b291f817129669f8760e7a297adb2e4439ba5d2e8" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.14/python-3.13.14-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "8e58affb218c155a1dfdc27b291f817129669f8760e7a297adb2e4439ba5d2e8" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.14/python-3.13.14-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "8e58affb218c155a1dfdc27b291f817129669f8760e7a297adb2e4439ba5d2e8" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d3c9fff52214847e4fab03e9eaf53dd2a8e51e3534aa0b61f201b749f86bef28" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d3c9fff52214847e4fab03e9eaf53dd2a8e51e3534aa0b61f201b749f86bef28" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d3c9fff52214847e4fab03e9eaf53dd2a8e51e3534aa0b61f201b749f86bef28" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d3c9fff52214847e4fab03e9eaf53dd2a8e51e3534aa0b61f201b749f86bef28" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d3c9fff52214847e4fab03e9eaf53dd2a8e51e3534aa0b61f201b749f86bef28" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d3c9fff52214847e4fab03e9eaf53dd2a8e51e3534aa0b61f201b749f86bef28" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b4-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "6f1ed07cc92ed6e694b38b29d929a4e55190532fddb3828afe68d07cd4bf4aff" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-macosx_arm64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b4-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "6f1ed07cc92ed6e694b38b29d929a4e55190532fddb3828afe68d07cd4bf4aff" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-macosx_universal2", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b4-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "6f1ed07cc92ed6e694b38b29d929a4e55190532fddb3828afe68d07cd4bf4aff" },
+  { identifier = "cp315t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b4-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "6f1ed07cc92ed6e694b38b29d929a4e55190532fddb3828afe68d07cd4bf4aff" },
+  { identifier = "cp315t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b4-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "6f1ed07cc92ed6e694b38b29d929a4e55190532fddb3828afe68d07cd4bf4aff" },
+  { identifier = "cp315t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b4-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "6f1ed07cc92ed6e694b38b29d929a4e55190532fddb3828afe68d07cd4bf4aff" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.gz", sha256 = "7ea762a1b0af7545a74cd4260bb3fd2812813deffef2ef8d2fddd5e03fa63ef1" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.gz", sha256 = "b09ce3a865c1c0f4e58c0ee4f70511f1b27dfc1f7148f4b6060cfdfd581c9e82" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_x86_64.tar.gz", sha256 = "63f9d30cdd9e47cfe279be941975ac3d24e46c79756cd1d1bd2c551c27d8b32c" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.gz", sha256 = "72a74cf645e43608f7d88831581fb0f8e1f963fb38f0793bacd37d5018a9aeb8" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.23-macos_x86_64.tar.gz", sha256 = "798279b0f233893ae22754290aedf35a1aea1ec9013a8ad8110f166d85944c91" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.23-macos_arm64.tar.gz", sha256 = "f837b3c203d60d7e25a31e267671a07ba0c9b9ac8081ad225571fb06fccf1b7b" },
   { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.1/graalpy-25.0.1-macos-amd64.tar.gz", sha256 = "10b0721d52397f0cc85f038900318da2203711cbcfae7899e3faed49d3dc6221" },
   { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.3/graalpy-25.0.3-macos-aarch64.tar.gz", sha256 = "387d9f5b376860842bea4d55aae5820974f3f3b68fc36c77ae863a061a888857" },
 ]
@@ -188,25 +188,25 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.9" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.10" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.5" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.5" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.5" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.5" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-win32", version = "3.15.0-b2" },
-  { identifier = "cp315t-win32", version = "3.15.0-b2" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-win_amd64", version = "3.15.0-b2" },
-  { identifier = "cp315t-win_amd64", version = "3.15.0-b2" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.14" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.14" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.6" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.6" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.6" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.6" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-win32", version = "3.15.0-b4" },
+  { identifier = "cp315t-win32", version = "3.15.0-b4" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-win_amd64", version = "3.15.0-b4" },
+  { identifier = "cp315t-win_amd64", version = "3.15.0-b4" },
   { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10" },
   { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11" },
   { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.9" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.5" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.5" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-win_arm64", version = "3.15.0-b2" },
-  { identifier = "cp315t-win_arm64", version = "3.15.0-b2" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.14" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.6" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.6" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-win_arm64", version = "3.15.0-b4" },
+  { identifier = "cp315t-win_arm64", version = "3.15.0-b4" },
   { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip", sha256 = "06ec12a5e964dc0ad33e6f380185a4d295178dce6d6df512f508e7aee00a1323" },
   { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-win64.zip", sha256 = "c0d07bba6c8fb4e5804f4a8b3f8ef07cc3d89f6ad1db42a45ffb9be60bbb7cc2" },
   { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.23-win64.zip", sha256 = "948b8ea58dea5b9917210fe4afd242c788fbfaba1c3f1a25e696a404f703389a" },
@@ -217,28 +217,28 @@ python_configurations = [
 python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.12", default_pyodide_version = "0.27.7", node_version = "v22", sha256 = "0c2e7db42efa5d1dac38b50f8b3d659a1e3885d0a233494831b8206281307d52" },
   { identifier = "cp313-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.13", default_pyodide_version = "0.29.4", node_version = "v22", sha256 = "a29fc4a076408a18fc29eb4b280f80c6dddc95c19514c874c29e590d0931c02a" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.14", default_pyodide_version = "314.0.0a2", node_version = "v24", sha256 = "ac7bbcdf289ab3ae25621c436b1d013099ef6bec644ad0538dae5d65552c5c95" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.14", default_pyodide_version = "314.0.2", node_version = "v24", sha256 = "01ab1b229bf2031603bf20ad4ceb9c1059ba680b26df7bda2db4748906dfd78a" },
 ]
 
 [android]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp313-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "a21250c246b36eb704be096be51e40ab24cafa3ae1d7ca4c396e6bf780cf87cf" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-android_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "b021b76df2c8d64e41c76d18a2d91f27652356bd932c06f9076bac1b664c0e37" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "f008321abf837fcaec569df143283ece0e764b18d8c75763200160553f906af1" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-android_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "36184e31464b2b959d92c81ded8d025834342cc080623bced282a2a9a57bd47c" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.14/python-3.13.14-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "2541c4fa77b6543504c97fa90a71c745225b5800fe25bc8c73a6516b594d0cbc" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-android_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.14/python-3.13.14-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "9d96f7e077677b6651b2e756034ed41ab4479f5f8bf3168a814f458bc2ac137e" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "38bbe77d3167b5cd554e03b1021324926f09f3825202b065951dd7638e9c37e5" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-android_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "e04eb26607627e68d148f89de793372f54a345c91b13628567f24abcdd3bfa3e" },
   { identifier = "cp315-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b2-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "de5e36ffc3c33b63a1ed53fe83db4dee16b003a3180ac35e5c4c203d3750e076" },
   { identifier = "cp315-android_x86_64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b2-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "e05ef9c142ea83b41b194b16014ffe2249d27783313c3b00b97f6c93d9a56b92" },
 ]
 
 [ios]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz", sha256 = "d1f95f95137a4b91dc0cbe9b99ddfc0a78918dde883c7fbe7147074a5e715274" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz", sha256 = "d1f95f95137a4b91dc0cbe9b99ddfc0a78918dde883c7fbe7147074a5e715274" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz", sha256 = "d1f95f95137a4b91dc0cbe9b99ddfc0a78918dde883c7fbe7147074a5e715274" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz", sha256 = "8e4123b543bf17fdae2e2c6c033434487752438431014eb12e6d833aa35927a8" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz", sha256 = "8e4123b543bf17fdae2e2c6c033434487752438431014eb12e6d833aa35927a8" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz", sha256 = "8e4123b543bf17fdae2e2c6c033434487752438431014eb12e6d833aa35927a8" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b2-iOS-XCframework.tar.gz", sha256 = "fd6b6fb8f82cf44622d28ea53b8197c89fb06505557d29d4d7a47f9386c1c896" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b2-iOS-XCframework.tar.gz", sha256 = "fd6b6fb8f82cf44622d28ea53b8197c89fb06505557d29d4d7a47f9386c1c896" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b2-iOS-XCframework.tar.gz", sha256 = "fd6b6fb8f82cf44622d28ea53b8197c89fb06505557d29d4d7a47f9386c1c896" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b14/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b14.tar.gz", sha256 = "8b5cb76ef8d8a2946052479358eeec9d54b4496cb60920e175ec1489b5cf7963" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b14/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b14.tar.gz", sha256 = "8b5cb76ef8d8a2946052479358eeec9d54b4496cb60920e175ec1489b5cf7963" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b14/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b14.tar.gz", sha256 = "8b5cb76ef8d8a2946052479358eeec9d54b4496cb60920e175ec1489b5cf7963" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b10/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b10.tar.gz", sha256 = "200ef60eb67be0483ceb638daa9048f84f41a9a952707a5ad4c3198037c7b583" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b10/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b10.tar.gz", sha256 = "200ef60eb67be0483ceb638daa9048f84f41a9a952707a5ad4c3198037c7b583" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b10/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b10.tar.gz", sha256 = "200ef60eb67be0483ceb638daa9048f84f41a9a952707a5ad4c3198037c7b583" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b4-iOS-XCframework.tar.gz", sha256 = "dbf1095502e0b4a0dc2a4d96ae1b1d92ee8c0b7bea773862f7124ede0017e3dc" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b4-iOS-XCframework.tar.gz", sha256 = "dbf1095502e0b4a0dc2a4d96ae1b1d92ee8c0b7bea773862f7124ede0017e3dc" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b4-iOS-XCframework.tar.gz", sha256 = "dbf1095502e0b4a0dc2a4d96ae1b1d92ee8c0b7bea773862f7124ede0017e3dc" },
 ]

cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json

@@ -1203,7 +1203,40 @@
           "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
         },
         "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
+          "default": "pyodide-build",
+          "description": "On the pyodide platform, the build frontend must be \"pyodide-build\"",
+          "oneOf": [
+            {
+              "enum": [
+                "pyodide-build"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "string",
+              "pattern": "^pyodide-build; ?args:"
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "object",
+              "additionalProperties": false,
+              "required": [
+                "name"
+              ],
+              "properties": {
+                "name": {
+                  "enum": [
+                    "pyodide-build"
+                  ]
+                },
+                "args": {
+                  "type": "array",
+                  "items": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND"
         },
         "build-verbosity": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide312.txt

@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@ build==1.5.0
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.6.17
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
-distlib==0.4.1
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.1
+filelock==3.31.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ packaging==26.2
     #   wheel
 pip==26.1.2
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.10.0
+platformdirs==4.10.1
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   python-discovery
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pydantic-core==2.46.4
     # via pydantic
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.34.4
+pyodide-build==0.36.0
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
 pyodide-cli==0.5.0
     # via
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pyodide-lock==0.1.3
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.4.0
+python-discovery==1.4.4
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via pyodide-build
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ rich==15.0.0
     #   pyodide-cli
 ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
     # via pyodide-build
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   pydantic
     #   pydantic-core
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ typing-inspection==0.4.2
     # via pydantic
 urllib3==2.7.0
     # via requests
-virtualenv==21.4.2
+virtualenv==21.6.1
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide313.txt

@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@ build==1.5.0
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.6.17
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
-distlib==0.4.1
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.1
+filelock==3.31.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ packaging==26.2
     #   wheel
 pip==26.1.2
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.10.0
+platformdirs==4.10.1
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   python-discovery
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pydantic-core==2.46.4
     # via pydantic
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.34.4
+pyodide-build==0.36.0
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
 pyodide-cli==0.5.0
     # via
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pyodide-lock==0.1.3
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.4.0
+python-discovery==1.4.4
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via pyodide-build
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ rich==15.0.0
     #   pyodide-cli
 ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
     # via pyodide-build
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   pydantic
     #   pydantic-core
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ typing-inspection==0.4.2
     # via pydantic
 urllib3==2.7.0
     # via requests
-virtualenv==21.4.2
+virtualenv==21.6.1
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide314.txt

@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@ build==1.5.0
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.6.17
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
-distlib==0.4.1
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.1
+filelock==3.31.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ packaging==26.2
     #   wheel
 pip==26.1.2
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.10.0
+platformdirs==4.10.1
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   python-discovery
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pydantic-core==2.46.4
     # via pydantic
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.34.4
+pyodide-build==0.36.0
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
 pyodide-cli==0.5.0
     # via
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pyodide-lock==0.1.3
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.4.0
+python-discovery==1.4.4
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via pyodide-build
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ rich==15.0.0
     #   pyodide-cli
 ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
     # via pyodide-build
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   pydantic
     #   pydantic-core
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ typing-inspection==0.4.2
     # via pydantic
 urllib3==2.7.0
     # via requests
-virtualenv==21.4.2
+virtualenv==21.6.1
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -16,19 +16,19 @@ build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.6.17
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.1
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
 exceptiongroup==1.3.1
     # via cattrs
-filelock==3.29.1
+filelock==3.31.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ pefile==2024.8.26
     #   delvewheel
 pip==26.1.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-pkgconf==2.5.1.post2
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.10.0
+platformdirs==4.10.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
@@ -75,19 +75,19 @@ pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.4.0
+python-discovery==1.4.4
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
 tomli==2.4.1
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.4.2
+virtualenv==21.6.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==4.1.0
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python311.txt

@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.6.17
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.1
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.1
+filelock==3.31.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -54,12 +54,11 @@ pefile==2024.8.26
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   delvewheel
-pip==26.1.2; implementation_name != "graalpy" or platform_system != "Windows"
-pip==26.0.1; implementation_name == "graalpy" and platform_system == "Windows"
+pip==26.1.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-pkgconf==2.5.1.post2
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.10.0
+platformdirs==4.10.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
@@ -72,17 +71,17 @@ pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.4.0
+python-discovery==1.4.4
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -92,5 +91,5 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.4.2
+virtualenv==21.6.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python312.txt

@@ -16,17 +16,18 @@ build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.6.17
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.1
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.1
+filelock==3.31.1; implementation_name != "graalpy"
+filelock==3.29.7; implementation_name == "graalpy"
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -57,9 +58,9 @@ pefile==2024.8.26
 pip==26.1.2; implementation_name != "graalpy" or platform_system != "Windows"
 pip==26.0.1; implementation_name == "graalpy" and platform_system == "Windows"
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-pkgconf==2.5.1.post2
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.10.0
+platformdirs==4.10.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
@@ -72,17 +73,17 @@ pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.4.0
+python-discovery==1.4.4
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -92,5 +93,5 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.4.2
+virtualenv==21.6.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python313.txt

@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.6.17
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.1
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.1
+filelock==3.31.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ pefile==2024.8.26
     #   delvewheel
 pip==26.1.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-pkgconf==2.5.1.post2
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.10.0
+platformdirs==4.10.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.4.0
+python-discovery==1.4.4
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.4.2
+virtualenv==21.6.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python314.txt

@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.6.17
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.1
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.1
+filelock==3.31.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ pefile==2024.8.26
     #   delvewheel
 pip==26.1.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-pkgconf==2.5.1.post2
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.10.0
+platformdirs==4.10.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.4.0
+python-discovery==1.4.4
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.4.2
+virtualenv==21.6.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python315.txt

@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.6.17
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.1
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.1
+filelock==3.31.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ pefile==2024.8.26
     #   delvewheel
 pip==26.1.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-pkgconf==2.5.1.post2
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.10.0
+platformdirs==4.10.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.4.0
+python-discovery==1.4.4
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.4.2
+virtualenv==21.6.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ build==1.4.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==25.3.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.6.17
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.1
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
 exceptiongroup==1.3.1
     # via cattrs
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.4.0
+python-discovery==1.4.4
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.32.5
     # via
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ rich==14.2.0
     # via abi3audit
 tomli==2.4.1
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ urllib3==2.6.3
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.4.2
+virtualenv==21.6.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.23.1
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.6.17
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.1
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.1
+filelock==3.31.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ pefile==2024.8.26
     #   delvewheel
 pip==26.1.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-pkgconf==2.5.1.post2
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.10.0
+platformdirs==4.10.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.4.0
+python-discovery==1.4.4
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.4.2
+virtualenv==21.6.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml

@@ -79,3 +79,4 @@ repair-wheel-command = "auditwheel repair --ldpaths {ldpaths} -w {dest_dir} {whe
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel.pyodide]
 audit-command = ""
+build-frontend = "pyodide-build"

cibuildwheel/resources/nodejs.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 url = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
-v24 = "v24.16.0"
-v22 = "v22.22.3"
+v24 = "v24.18.0"
+v22 = "v22.23.1"
 v20 = "v20.20.2"

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,54 +1,54 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2026.06.04-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64@sha256:0d25b049964b2549b83384036abdff06789a8c0b1e9ff003ec80f0d531f79e50  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64@sha256:a61875a2f84cab7df8de222ff12cabc08ff86eb4ad402ac90ba7bdaed9600cca  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64@sha256:b6e1f264da7bf4e8db3e6a625ea1ecaf1e52290253df8588f71e4a9e50a85a17  # 2026.07.19-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64@sha256:fd0694e23637ae8d13433c58f647aba1aae5de4fd50350201307be453a8b2ff4  # 2026.07.19-1
 
 [i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2026.06.04-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686@sha256:9833ed0665e4bd2aceeda6f7ea81b69c75a941464b659edf62c98aa63526d1ba  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686@sha256:3a4de216ae551c1cbb8f93d4bbf9faebe7fb16a67afa3380b9a3ed2cc7b80fcf  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686@sha256:1fc55618156152a6570991a6ee81038fd507b48c41cbdede495931146b074869  # 2026.07.19-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686@sha256:a85be8fc5aa7fa291b8bee5647469d3d48dd26600cc7295553ff47ca60906ff2  # 2026.07.19-1
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2026.06.04-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64@sha256:ae34a6ceeefe0b535c525b2e96f297311c8f1e01cfd8b9be5f647eece5b5c60b  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64@sha256:162c81dfd3efc710732a571717d3c916a6945ebf279e879ddee3243af96fe46f  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64@sha256:ae032906c631ad572a91bcc9545023d327822912957ae85a57c85181836662b6  # 2026.07.19-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64@sha256:e6ac3eca5f7d2cd5b8267b94b65d9a693e7ba06f5ba4c6643b1b0e6f9ae2cde3  # 2026.07.19-1
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2026.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2026.06.04-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le@sha256:7e311ceece0fd3faa54a8539fb0b7906ee2ac068ecc39095e48ed1097312eaa0  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le@sha256:32ec597dd87e27980750115a6c020cae54fd17386e18d86d695e35e6b3a3e0da  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le@sha256:7f649dea6f31fbc4ca6d665e78e87a192b55e739c44ed9965129956be77c4e3d  # 2026.07.19-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le@sha256:d59ad21615cf5b83cc9046cf7c44d07e8ef1247333e8a72147d7c781008605c1  # 2026.07.19-1
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2026.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2026.06.04-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x@sha256:e392818123219665c259c9a5e389cecd978918dc279fe8e3542864f1067b9cdb  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x@sha256:9c4f347bc43b1b799a296f6801a8845af132fa6f919cc6237b889c8d2e16ae01  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x@sha256:37fe79ec71fed0eaa4d6edfb22244699877e3cd92a2ca4679bf9e4fd5f45c61d  # 2026.07.19-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x@sha256:e29d28c68a0bd4594fd41cb2435ca64388038b05c24e77b34f186ff90a2968c4  # 2026.07.19-1
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.06.04-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64@sha256:0d25b049964b2549b83384036abdff06789a8c0b1e9ff003ec80f0d531f79e50  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64@sha256:a61875a2f84cab7df8de222ff12cabc08ff86eb4ad402ac90ba7bdaed9600cca  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64@sha256:b6e1f264da7bf4e8db3e6a625ea1ecaf1e52290253df8588f71e4a9e50a85a17  # 2026.07.19-1
 
 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.06.04-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686@sha256:9833ed0665e4bd2aceeda6f7ea81b69c75a941464b659edf62c98aa63526d1ba  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686@sha256:3a4de216ae551c1cbb8f93d4bbf9faebe7fb16a67afa3380b9a3ed2cc7b80fcf  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686@sha256:1fc55618156152a6570991a6ee81038fd507b48c41cbdede495931146b074869  # 2026.07.19-1
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.06.04-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64@sha256:ae34a6ceeefe0b535c525b2e96f297311c8f1e01cfd8b9be5f647eece5b5c60b  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64@sha256:162c81dfd3efc710732a571717d3c916a6945ebf279e879ddee3243af96fe46f  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64@sha256:ae032906c631ad572a91bcc9545023d327822912957ae85a57c85181836662b6  # 2026.07.19-1
 
 [armv7l]
-manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2026.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_35 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_35_armv7l:2026.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2026.06.04-1
+manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l@sha256:a58ece566251a37b3b4cd17d7ef85d88df05f80670c7dfe80c1b1ffe4cd00bf8  # 2026.07.19-1
+manylinux_2_35 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_35_armv7l@sha256:c8dba9616907a810e2668afb88153bf47a84422933733dbf4ea7b561af5e8d1e  # 2026.07.19-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l@sha256:d87cbc211df71486a6a90fb2bece474166f3e2dcf81bbfc4be07607fd64185b0  # 2026.07.19-1
 
 [riscv64]
-manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2026.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2026.06.04-1
+manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64@sha256:04b3acc69a6cebb10ac1252587d202acce6445d91c783d3f92229bb2b2483069  # 2026.07.19-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64@sha256:2d36623ffc59785e124ecf2992456847baaf2f2e0a87e64d23f2f6a69e5a0357  # 2026.07.19-1
 

cibuildwheel/resources/virtualenv.toml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-default = { version = "21.4.2", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/download/21.4.2/virtualenv.pyz", sha256 = "b54c48b9c81468403626762747c5ee5939616f18f46c3c4bbebdbe0aa3a8ba1d" }
+default = { version = "21.6.1", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/download/21.6.1/virtualenv.pyz", sha256 = "32490c6eea415c3a8f44ee112bbef07bc7b70a0aba706672240c6c66d4f7d9cc" }

cibuildwheel/schema.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"cibuildwheel.util", "json"}
+
 import json
 
 from cibuildwheel.util import resources

cibuildwheel/selector.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"bracex", "fnmatch", "itertools", "packaging", "packaging.version"}
+
 import dataclasses
 import itertools
 from enum import StrEnum
@@ -102,19 +104,19 @@ class BuildSelector:
             return False
         if EnableGroup.PyodideEoL not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp312-pyodide_*"):
             return False
-        # NOTE: Disable this when we don't have any Pyodide prereleases (e.g., 314.0.0a1+)
+        # NOTE: Re-enable this when we have a new Pyodide prerelease (e.g., 315.0.0a1+)
         # When doing this, also:
         #   1. update Pyodide tests in unit_test/build_selector_test.py and unit_test/options_test.py accordingly.
         #   2. update Python versions for Pyodide identifiers in cibuildwheel/selector.py.
         #   3. update constraints as necessary via bin/generate_pyodide_constraints.py and add/delete
         #      Pyodide constraints files in cibuildwheel/resources/constraints/ as necessary.
-        # When disabling, update the pattern to match the experimental Python version in case
-        # it is bumped to Python 3.15 (likely cp315-pyodide_* but could remain as 3.14 as well).
+        # When re-enabling, update the pattern to match the experimental Python version when
+        # it is bumped to Python 3.15 (likely cp315-pyodide_*).
         # This depends on the CPython version being used in the Pyodide runtime at the time.
-        if EnableGroup.PyodidePrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(
-            build_id, "cp314-pyodide_*"
-        ):
-            return False
+        # if EnableGroup.PyodidePrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(
+        #     build_id, "cp315-pyodide_*"
+        # ):
+        #     return False
 
         should_build = selector_matches(self.build_config, build_id)
         should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)

cibuildwheel/util/cmd.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"cibuildwheel.errors", "shlex", "shutil", "subprocess"}
+
 import os
 import shlex
 import shutil

cibuildwheel/util/file.py

@@ -1,5 +1,19 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "certifi",
+    "cibuildwheel.errors",
+    "hashlib",
+    "shutil",
+    "ssl",
+    "tarfile",
+    "typing",
+    "urllib",
+    "urllib.request",
+    "zipfile",
+}
+
+
 import hashlib
 import os
 import shutil
@@ -85,7 +99,8 @@ def download(url: str, dest: Path, *, sha256: str | None = None) -> None:
             time.sleep(3)
 
     if sha256:
-        computed = hashlib.sha256(dest.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+        with dest.open("rb") as f:
+            computed = hashlib.file_digest(f, "sha256").hexdigest()
         if computed != sha256:
             dest.unlink(missing_ok=True)
             msg = f"SHA256 mismatch for {url}: expected {sha256!r}, got {computed!r}"
@@ -116,6 +131,8 @@ def extract_tar(tar_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
     See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tarfile.html#tarfile.tar_filter for filter details
     """
     with tarfile.open(tar_src) as tar_:
+        # getattr shim needed while Python 3.11.0-3.11.3 are supported;
+        # once the minimum is 3.11.4+/3.12, replace with: tar_.extractall(dest, filter="tar")
         tar_.extraction_filter = getattr(tarfile, "tar_filter", (lambda member, _: member))
         tar_.extractall(dest)
 

cibuildwheel/util/helpers.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"collections", "itertools", "re", "shlex", "textwrap"}
+
 import dataclasses
 import itertools
 import re

cibuildwheel/util/packaging.py

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "packaging",
+    "packaging.utils",
+    "shlex",
+}
+
 import shlex
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath

cibuildwheel/util/python_build_standalone.py

@@ -1,5 +1,16 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.resources",
+    "filelock",
+    "fnmatch",
+    "hashlib",
+    "json",
+    "platform",
+    "subprocess",
+}
+
 import fnmatch
 import functools
 import hashlib
@@ -143,7 +154,8 @@ def _download_or_get_from_cache(
         asset_cache_path = cache_dir / asset_filename
         if asset_cache_path.is_file():
             if sha256:
-                computed = hashlib.sha256(asset_cache_path.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+                with asset_cache_path.open("rb") as f:
+                    computed = hashlib.file_digest(f, "sha256").hexdigest()
                 if computed != sha256:
                     print(
                         f"Cached python_build_standalone SHA256 mismatch for {asset_cache_path}; redownloading."
@@ -218,9 +230,7 @@ def create_python_build_standalone_environment(
     )
 
     python_base_dir = temp_dir / "pbs"
-    if python_base_dir.exists():
-        msg = f"python-build-standalone directory already exists: {python_base_dir}"
-        raise PythonBuildStandaloneError(msg)
+    assert not python_base_dir.exists()
     extract_tar(archive_path, python_base_dir)
 
     return _find_python_executable(python_base_dir)

cibuildwheel/util/resources.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"tomllib"}
+
 import functools
+import os
 import tomllib
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -16,7 +19,9 @@ FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_314: Final[Path] = PATH / "free-threaded-enable-314.xml"
 FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_315: Final[Path] = PATH / "free-threaded-enable-315.xml"
 NODEJS: Final[Path] = PATH / "nodejs.toml"
 DEFAULTS: Final[Path] = PATH / "defaults.toml"
-PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES: Final[Path] = PATH / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
+PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES: Final[Path] = Path(
+    os.environ.get("CIBW_INTERNAL_PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES", str(PATH / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"))
+)
 BUILD_PLATFORMS: Final[Path] = PATH / "build-platforms.toml"
 CONSTRAINTS: Final[Path] = PATH / "constraints.txt"
 VIRTUALENV: Final[Path] = PATH / "virtualenv.toml"

cibuildwheel/venv.py

@@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "contextlib",
+    "filelock",
+    "packaging",
+    "packaging.markers",
+    "packaging.requirements",
+    "packaging.version",
+    "pathlib",
+    "shutil",
+    "tomllib",
+}
+
 import contextlib
 import functools
 import os
@@ -137,6 +152,10 @@ def virtualenv(
     venv. Otherwise, pip is installed.
     """
 
+    # the unresolved path, so e.g. the python.org framework bin directory is
+    # used rather than the internal location of the real binary
+    base_python_bin_dir = None if _IS_WIN else python.parent
+
     # virtualenv may fail if this is a symlink.
     python = python.resolve()
 
@@ -174,7 +193,7 @@ def virtualenv(
             python,
             venv_path,
         )
-    venv_env = activate_virtualenv(venv_path, env=env)
+    venv_env = activate_virtualenv(venv_path, env=env, base_python_bin_dir=base_python_bin_dir)
     if not use_uv and pip_version == "embed":
         call(
             "python",
@@ -193,11 +212,19 @@ def virtualenv(
 def activate_virtualenv(
     venv_path: Path,
     env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    base_python_bin_dir: Path | None = None,
 ) -> dict[str, str]:
     """
     Return a copy of the environment with the virtualenv at `venv_path` activated.
+
+    If given, `base_python_bin_dir` is placed on PATH right after the venv, so
+    that scripts installed alongside the base interpreter that aren't copied
+    into the venv (such as python3-config, see #2021) resolve to the matching
+    interpreter.
     """
     paths = [str(venv_path), str(venv_path / "Scripts")] if _IS_WIN else [str(venv_path / "bin")]
+    if base_python_bin_dir is not None:
+        paths.append(str(base_python_bin_dir))
     venv_env = os.environ.copy() if env is None else env.copy()
     venv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([*paths, venv_env["PATH"]])
     venv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_path)

docs/changelog.md

@@ -5,6 +5,38 @@ ref: changelog
 
 # Changelog
 
+### v4.1.1
+
+_24 July 2026_
+
+- ✨ Adds `pyodide-build` as a separate [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend), now the default frontend for Pyodide, with verbosity flags handling. Any other frontend is ignored with a warning on Pyodide. (#2609, #2945)
+- 🔐 Uses digests instead of tags for pinned container images, strengthening supply-chain security. The human-readable tags remain as comments in `pinned_docker_images.cfg`. (#2915)
+- 🐛 Fixes platform-specific [`test-runtime`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-runtime) environment variables (e.g. `CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_ANDROID`) not being honored (#2941)
+- 🐛 Fixes quoting of [`test-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires) and [`audit-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#audit-requires) so PEP 508 specifiers containing spaces work (#2913)
+- 🐛 Makes [`archs`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs) parsing case-insensitive and platform-aware, so e.g. `arm64` works on Windows (#2920)
+- 🐛 Uses an absolute path for the `{project}` placeholder in [`config-settings`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) (#2934)
+- 🐛 Validates the [`pyodide-version`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#pyodide-version) option against the build identifier with a clear error (#2925)
+- 🐛 Fixes PyPy installs on macOS after PyPy switched its downloads from `.tar.bz2` to `.tar.gz` (#2939)
+- 🐛 Makes a matching `python3-config` available in the build and test venvs on macOS (#2922)
+- 🛠 Updates dependencies and container pins (#2917, #2935, #2939)
+- 🛠 Updates Android tests to current Python versions and the new test repository URL (#2933)
+- 🛠 Drops the `orjson` dependency, no longer used by mypy 2+ (#2923)
+- 📚 Builds the docs with properdocs, a MkDocs fork (#2946)
+- 📚 Adds the missing `cp314-pyodide_wasm32` entry to the build identifier table (#2947)
+- 📚 Removes outdated notes about the `pip wheel` build frontend and ClearLinux (#2926)
+- 💼 Adds a "CI: PyPy EoL" PR label to run PyPy EoL tests on PRs (#2930)
+- 💼 Updates CI action pins and pre-commit hooks (#2914, #2932, #2938, #2940, #2942, #2943)
+
+### v4.1.0
+
+_12 June 2026_
+
+- ✨ Updates Pyodide to the final 314.0.0 release, so Pyodide 3.14 wheels now build by default without the `pyodide-prerelease` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) flag. (#2906)
+- 🐛 Raises clear errors when a build produces no wheel, instead of failing later with a confusing message (#2909)
+- 🛠 Speeds up CLI startup through lazy imports on Python 3.15 (#2797)
+- 📚 Adds an FAQ section on caching cibuildwheel's downloaded tools with `CIBW_CACHE_PATH` (#2842)
+- 📚 Documentation improvements: clarifies which shell is used for command options, clarifies environment variable precedence, and fixes a dead Pyodide env info link (#2904, #2905, #2911)
+
 ### v4.0.0
 
 _7 June 2026_
@@ -14,9 +46,10 @@ See @henryiii's [release post](https://iscinumpy.dev/post/cibuildwheel-4-0-0/) f
 - 🌟 Adds wheel auditing with `abi3audit` as a default after the repair step, with new [`audit-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#audit-requires) and [`audit-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#audit-command) options (#2805)
 - 🌟 Adds `pyemscripten` platform tag support (PEP 783), updates Pyodide to 314.0.0a2, and adds a `pyodide-eol` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) flag for building end-of-life Pyodide versions (#2812, #2848)
 - 🌟 Sets up `delvewheel` as the default [`repair-wheel-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command) for Windows, so extension module DLLs are now bundled automatically. Skip by setting it to empty if not needed. (#2831)
-- ✨ Adds CPython 3.15 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.15.0b1. (#2833, #2850)
+- ✨ Adds CPython 3.15 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.15.0b2. (#2833, #2850)
 
     _While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.15 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag._
+
 - ✨ Adds CPython 3.15 support for iOS and Android (#2857, #2858)
 - ✨ Adds Android improvements for building NumPy and related packages, including auditwheel support, pkg-config and Fortran configuration, and the [`xbuild-files`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#xbuild-files) option (#2695)
 - ✨ Adds `CIBUILDWHEEL_BUILD_IDENTIFIER` environment variable set to the current build identifier (e.g. `cp311-manylinux_x86_64`) during per-build steps (#2872)

docs/configuration.md

@@ -64,10 +64,12 @@ You can configure cibuildwheel with a config file, such as `pyproject.toml`.
 Options have the same names as the environment variable overrides, but are
 placed in `[tool.cibuildwheel]` and are lower case, with dashes, following
 common [TOML](https://toml.io) practice. Anything placed in subsections
-named after a platform will only affect those platforms. Lists can be used
-instead of strings for items that are naturally a list. Multiline strings also
-work just like in the environment variables. Environment variables will take
-precedence if defined.
+named after a platform will only affect those platforms. Platform-specific
+values replace the corresponding global value for that platform; table options
+are not merged key by key. Lists can be used instead of strings for items that
+are naturally a list. Multiline strings also work just like in the environment
+variables. Environment variable overrides, such as `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND` and
+`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_LINUX`, will take precedence if defined.
 
 The example above using environment variables could have been written like this:
 
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ on Python 3.11, and will have `environment = {FOO="BAZ", "PYTHON"="MONTY", "HAM"
 In the TOML configuration, you can choose how tables and lists are inherited.
 By default, all values are overridden completely (`"none"`) but sometimes you'd
 rather `"append"` or `"prepend"` to an existing list or table. You can do this
-with the `inherit` table in overrides.  For example, if you want to add an environment
+with the `inherit` table in overrides. For example, if you want to add an environment
 variable for CPython 3.11, without `inherit` you'd have to repeat all the
 original environment variables in the override. With `inherit`, it's just:
 

docs/faq.md

@@ -102,6 +102,51 @@ Meson generally works well with cibuildwheel, but there are a few things to be a
 
 -   If you need to build 32-bit Windows wheels, you need to activate a 32-bit compiler toolchain before starting cibuildwheel. Many users use [ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd](https://github.com/ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd) for this purpose.
 
+### Caching cibuildwheel's downloaded tools {: #caching}
+
+To speed up builds, cibuildwheel caches the tools it downloads — CPython/PyPy installers, [`virtualenv`][virtualenv], [python-build-standalone][pbs] archives used on Android/iOS, etc. The active cache folder is printed in the preamble of every run:
+
+```
+Cache folder: /Users/Matt/Library/Caches/cibuildwheel
+```
+
+By default it lives under the OS user-cache directory:
+
+| Platform     | Default cache folder                          |
+| ------------ | --------------------------------------------- |
+| Linux        | `~/.cache/cibuildwheel`                       |
+| macOS / iOS  | `~/Library/Caches/cibuildwheel`               |
+| Windows      | `%LOCALAPPDATA%\pypa\cibuildwheel\Cache`      |
+
+Set the `CIBW_CACHE_PATH` environment variable to point cibuildwheel at a different folder. On CI you'll typically want a workflow-defined path so that the runner's cache action can persist it between runs.
+
+#### Persisting the cache on GitHub Actions
+
+```yaml
+- uses: actions/cache@v5
+  with:
+    path: ${{ runner.temp }}/cibw-cache
+    key: cibw-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}
+    restore-keys: |
+      cibw-${{ runner.os }}-
+
+- uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.1
+  env:
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH: ${{ runner.temp }}/cibw-cache
+```
+
+The `restore-keys` fallback lets a slightly stale cache still be reused if `pyproject.toml` changes. Adjust the cache key to whatever set of inputs determines what cibuildwheel will download (e.g. include a hash of `pyproject.toml`'s `[tool.cibuildwheel]` section, or pin on a Python build-tools version).
+
+For platform-specific notes (e.g. caching the official python.org installers on macOS, or NuGet CPython downloads on Windows), see the [platforms documentation](platforms.md).
+
+If the cache becomes stale or corrupt, run `cibuildwheel --clean-cache` (or simply delete the folder) before re-running.
+
+!!! warning "Cache poisoning security risk"
+    Use of caching in a release pipeline means the cache folder is now a possible security risk - an attacker could [poison the cache](https://hivesecurity.gitlab.io/blog/github-actions-cache-poisoning-supply-chain/) with executables they have compromised. If you use this for release builds, consider who has access to modify the cache. Specifically be careful if your repo has any workflows using `pull_request_target`, even if they appear unrelated.
+
+[virtualenv]: https://virtualenv.pypa.io/
+[pbs]: https://gregoryszorc.com/docs/python-build-standalone/main/
+
 ### Automatic updates using Dependabot {: #automatic-updates}
 
 Selecting a moving target (like the latest release) is generally a bad idea in CI. If something breaks, you can't tell whether it was your code or an upstream update that caused the breakage, and in a worst-case scenario, it could occur during a release.
@@ -113,7 +158,7 @@ There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
 
 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.0.0
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.1.1
 ```
 
 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
@@ -138,7 +183,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `
 
 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+cibuildwheel==4.1.1
 ```
 
 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
@@ -357,7 +402,7 @@ Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to use pipx:
 # most runners have pipx preinstalled, but in case you don't
 python3 -m pip install pipx
 
-pipx run cibuildwheel==4.0.0 --output-dir wheelhouse
+pipx run cibuildwheel==4.1.1 --output-dir wheelhouse
 pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 

docs/options.md

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ When setting the options, you can use shell-style globbing syntax, as per [fnmat
 | Python 3.11   | cp311-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp311-macosx_universal2<br/>cp311-macosx_arm64 | cp311-win_amd64<br/>cp311-win32<br/>cp311-win_arm64 | cp311-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-manylinux_i686<br/>cp311-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-musllinux_i686 | cp311-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp311-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp311-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp311-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp311-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp311-musllinux_riscv64 |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | Python 3.12   | cp312-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp312-macosx_universal2<br/>cp312-macosx_arm64 | cp312-win_amd64<br/>cp312-win32<br/>cp312-win_arm64 | cp312-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp312-manylinux_i686<br/>cp312-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp312-musllinux_i686 | cp312-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp312-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp312-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp312-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp312-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp312-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp312-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp312-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp312-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp312-musllinux_riscv64 |                                                  |                                                                                                   | cp312-pyodide_wasm32 |
 | Python 3.13   | cp313-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp313-macosx_universal2<br/>cp313-macosx_arm64 | cp313-win_amd64<br/>cp313-win32<br/>cp313-win_arm64 | cp313-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp313-manylinux_i686<br/>cp313-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp313-musllinux_i686 | cp313-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp313-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp313-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp313-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp313-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp313-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp313-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp313-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp313-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp313-musllinux_riscv64 | cp313-android_arm64_v8a<br/>cp313-android_x86_64 | cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator | cp313-pyodide_wasm32 |
-| Python 3.14   | cp314-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp314-macosx_universal2<br/>cp314-macosx_arm64<br><br>cp314t-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp314t-macosx_universal2<br/>cp314t-macosx_arm64 | cp314-win_amd64<br/>cp314-win32<br/>cp314-win_arm64<br><br>cp314t-win_amd64<br/>cp314t-win32<br/>cp314t-win_arm64 | cp314-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp314-manylinux_i686<br/>cp314-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp314-musllinux_i686<br><br>cp314t-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp314t-manylinux_i686<br/>cp314t-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_i686 | cp314-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp314-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp314-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp314-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp314-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp314-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp314-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp314-musllinux_riscv64<br><br>cp314t-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp314t-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314t-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp314t-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp314t-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314t-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp314t-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp314t-musllinux_riscv64 | cp314-android_arm64_v8a<br/>cp314-android_x86_64 | cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator |                      |
+| Python 3.14   | cp314-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp314-macosx_universal2<br/>cp314-macosx_arm64<br><br>cp314t-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp314t-macosx_universal2<br/>cp314t-macosx_arm64 | cp314-win_amd64<br/>cp314-win32<br/>cp314-win_arm64<br><br>cp314t-win_amd64<br/>cp314t-win32<br/>cp314t-win_arm64 | cp314-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp314-manylinux_i686<br/>cp314-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp314-musllinux_i686<br><br>cp314t-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp314t-manylinux_i686<br/>cp314t-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_i686 | cp314-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp314-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp314-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp314-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp314-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp314-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp314-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp314-musllinux_riscv64<br><br>cp314t-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp314t-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314t-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp314t-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp314t-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314t-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp314t-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp314t-musllinux_riscv64 | cp314-android_arm64_v8a<br/>cp314-android_x86_64 | cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator | cp314-pyodide_wasm32 |
 | Python 3.15   | cp315-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp315-macosx_universal2<br/>cp315-macosx_arm64<br><br>cp315t-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp315t-macosx_universal2<br/>cp315t-macosx_arm64 | cp315-win_amd64<br/>cp315-win32<br/>cp315-win_arm64<br><br>cp315t-win_amd64<br/>cp315t-win32<br/>cp315t-win_arm64 | cp315-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp315-manylinux_i686<br/>cp315-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp315-musllinux_i686<br><br>cp315t-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp315t-manylinux_i686<br/>cp315t-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp315t-musllinux_i686 | cp315-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp315-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp315-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp315-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp315-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp315-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp315-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp315-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp315-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp315-musllinux_riscv64<br><br>cp315t-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp315t-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp315t-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp315t-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp315t-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp315t-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp315t-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp315t-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp315t-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp315t-musllinux_riscv64 | cp315-android_arm64_v8a<br/>cp315-android_x86_64 | cp315-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp315-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp315-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator |                      |
 | PyPy3.9 v7.3  | pp39-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp39-macosx_arm64                               | pp39-win_amd64                                      | pp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp39-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp39-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | PyPy3.10 v7.3 | pp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp310-macosx_arm64                             | pp310-win_amd64                                     | pp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp310-manylinux_i686                                                     | pp310-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
@@ -481,7 +481,11 @@ files (from workspaces) are not supported.
     are building GraalPy wheels, use `build` or `pip` as the build frontend
     instead of `build[uv]` or `uv`.
 
-On Android and Pyodide, the "pip" frontend is not supported.
+On Android, the "pip" frontend is not supported.
+
+On Pyodide, `pyodide-build` is the default and only supported frontend; setting
+another frontend produces a warning and uses `pyodide-build` instead. See
+[Pyodide build frontend support](platforms.md#pyodide-build-frontend) for details.
 
 You can specify extra arguments to pass to the build frontend using the
 optional `args` option.
@@ -593,6 +597,12 @@ You must use this variable to pass variables to Linux builds, since they execute
 You can use `$PATH` syntax to insert other variables, or the `$(pwd)` syntax to insert the output of other shell commands.
 Variables are evaluated in the order they appear. Any variable referenced before it is set will evaluate to an empty string.
 
+The environment seen by the build and test steps starts with the build
+environment. On Linux, this is the container environment, plus any variables
+passed through with [`environment-pass`](#environment-pass). On other platforms,
+the host environment is already available. Assignments in `environment` are
+evaluated after that base environment and replace any duplicate variable names.
+
 To specify more than one environment variable, separate the assignments by spaces.
 
 Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
@@ -728,6 +738,17 @@ The placeholder `{package}` can be used here; it will be replaced by the path to
 
 On Windows and macOS, the version of Python available inside `before-all` is whatever is available on the host machine. On Linux, a modern Python version is available on PATH.
 
+!!! note "Shell selection"
+
+    Shell command options such as `before-all`, `before-build`,
+    `repair-wheel-command`, and `before-test` are executed by a platform shell.
+    Linux builds run inside the build container and invoke the container's `sh -c`.
+    On macOS and Windows, cibuildwheel calls Python's
+    `subprocess.run(..., shell=True)`, which normally means `/bin/sh` on macOS
+    and `cmd.exe` on Windows. If you need a specific interpreter, invoke it
+    explicitly, for example `python scripts/prepare.py` or
+    `bash scripts/prepare.sh`.
+
 This option has special behavior in the overrides section in `pyproject.toml`.
 On linux, overriding it triggers a new container launch. It cannot be overridden
 on macOS and Windows.
@@ -790,9 +811,9 @@ instead.
 ### `before-build` {: #before-build env-var toml}
 > Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build
 
-A shell command to run before building the wheel. This option allows you to run a command in **each** Python environment before the `pip wheel` command. This is useful if you need to set up some dependency so it's available during the build.
+A shell command to run before building the wheel. This option allows you to run a command in **each** Python environment before the wheel is built. This is useful if you need to set up some dependency so it's available during the build.
 
-If dependencies are required to build your wheel (for example if you include a header from a Python module), instead of using this command, we recommend adding requirements to a `pyproject.toml` file's `build-system.requires` array instead. This is reproducible, and users who do not get your wheels (such as Alpine or ClearLinux users) will still benefit.
+If dependencies are required to build your wheel (for example if you include a header from a Python module), instead of using this command, we recommend adding requirements to a `pyproject.toml` file's `build-system.requires` array instead. This is reproducible, and users who do not get your wheels (such as BSD operating system variants) will still benefit.
 
 The active Python binary can be accessed using `python`, and pip with `pip`; cibuildwheel makes sure the right version of Python and pip will be executed. The placeholder `{package}` can be used here; it will be replaced by the path to the package being built by cibuildwheel.
 
@@ -1653,6 +1674,10 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
     # Install specific versions of test dependencies
     [tool.cibuildwheel]
     test-requires = ["pytest==8.2.2", "packaging==24.1"]
+
+    # Dependency specifiers with environment markers are supported
+    [tool.cibuildwheel]
+    test-requires = ["pytest", "pyzstd; python_version >= '3.14'"]
     ```
 
     In configuration files, you can use an array, and the items will be joined with a space.
@@ -1665,6 +1690,10 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 
     # Install specific versions of test dependencies
     CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest==8.2.2 packaging==24.1
+
+    # Use shell-style quoting around specifiers containing spaces, such as
+    # those with environment markers
+    CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: "pytest 'pyzstd; python_version >= \"3.14\"'"
     ```
 
 
@@ -1885,14 +1914,14 @@ will not produce more logging about the build itself. Other levels only affect
 the build frontend output, which is usually things like resolving and
 downloading dependencies. The settings are:
 
-|             | build | pip    | uv    | desc                                   |
-|-------------|-------|--------|-------|----------------------------------------|
-| -2          | `-qq` | `-qq`  | `-qq` | even more quiet, where supported       |
-| -1          | `-q`  | `-q`   | `-q`  | quiet mode, where supported            |
-| 0 (default) |       |        |       | default for build tool                 |
-| 1           |       | `-v`   |       | print backend output                   |
-| 2           | `-v`  | `-vv`  | `-v`  | print log messages e.g. resolving info |
-| 3           | `-vv` | `-vvv` | `-vv` | print even more debug info             |
+|             | build | pip    | uv    | pyodide-build | desc                                   |
+|-------------|-------|--------|-------|---------------|----------------------------------------|
+| -2          | `-qq` | `-qq`  | `-qq` |               | even more quiet, where supported       |
+| -1          | `-q`  | `-q`   | `-q`  |               | quiet mode, where supported            |
+| 0 (default) |       |        |       |               | default for build tool                 |
+| 1           |       | `-v`   |       | `-v`          | print backend output                   |
+| 2           | `-v`  | `-vv`  | `-v`  | `-vv`         | print log messages e.g. resolving info |
+| 3           | `-vv` | `-vvv` | `-vv` |               | print even more debug info             |
 
 Settings that are not supported for a specific frontend will log a warning.
 The default build frontend is `build`, which does show build backend output by

docs/platforms.md

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ You must target pyodide with `--platform pyodide` (or use `--only` on the identi
 
 ### Choosing a Pyodide version {: #pyodide-choosing-a-version}
 
-It is also possible to target a specific Pyodide version by setting the [`pyodide-version`](options.md#pyodide-version) option to the desired version. Users are responsible for setting an appropriate Pyodide version according to the `pyodide-build` version. A list is available in Pyodide's [cross-build environments metadata file](https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide/blob/main/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json), which can be viewed more easily by installing `pyodide-build` from PyPI and using `pyodide xbuildenv search --all` to see a compatibility table.
+It is also possible to target a specific Pyodide version by setting the [`pyodide-version`](options.md#pyodide-version) option to the desired version. Users are responsible for setting an appropriate Pyodide version according to the `pyodide-build` version. A list is available in Pyodide's [cross-build environments metadata file](https://pyodide.github.io/pyodide/api/v2/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json), which can be viewed more easily by installing `pyodide-build` from PyPI and using `pyodide xbuildenv search --all` to see a compatibility table.
 
 If there are pre-releases available for a newer Pyodide version, the `pyodide-prerelease` [`enable`](options.md#enable) can be used to include pre-release versions. To build for older Pyodide versions that are no longer the current stable, use the `pyodide-eol` [`enable`](options.md#enable).
 
@@ -188,6 +188,11 @@ repair-wheel-command = "pyodide auditwheel repair --libdir /path/to/libraries --
 
 The `--libdir` option specifies the directory containing cross-compiled shared libraries for WASM. You should not use the system library directories (e.g. `/usr/lib`), as those libraries are not built for WebAssembly.
 
+### Build frontend support {: #pyodide-build-frontend}
+
+The pyodide platform builds wheels by shelling out to `pyodide build`, via the `pyodide-build` [`build-frontend`](options.md#build-frontend), which itself is a meta build frontend and passes through commands to pypa/build with specialised handling. This is the only supported frontend for this platform, and is used by default. A global [`build-frontend`](options.md#build-frontend) setting naming another frontend is ignored with a warning on this platform.
+
+[`build-verbosity`](options.md#build-verbosity) is passed through to `pyodide build` as `-v`/`-vv`. It is capped at `-vv`. `pyodide build` has no `-vvv` flag.
 
 ## Android {: android}
 

docs/working-examples.md

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ ref: working-examples
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
-| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
+| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ ref: working-examples
 | [Implicit][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes GPU support for linux wheels |
 | [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
 | [coverage.py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The coverage tool for Python |
-| [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
-| [PyCryptodome][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A self-contained cryptographic library for Python |
 | [PyAV][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries. |
+| [PyCryptodome][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A self-contained cryptographic library for Python |
+| [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
 | [PyYAML][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] | Canonical source repository for PyYAML |
 | [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by QPDF |
 | [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, Pandas, PyTables and more |
@@ -77,12 +77,12 @@ ref: working-examples
 | [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
 | [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
 | [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
-| [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
 | [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
+| [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
 | [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
 | [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
-| [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
 | [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
+| [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
 | [abess][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions. |
 | [jq.py][]                         | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for jq |
 | [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ ref: working-examples
 | [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Bindings to libheif library with third party dependencies. Fully automated CI for tests and publishing including Apple Silicon builds. |
 | [keyvi][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | FST based key value index highly optimized for size and lookup performance, utilizes ccache action for improved runtime |
 | [PyGLM][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Fast OpenGL Mathematics (GLM) for Python |
-| [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [power-grid-model][]              | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis |
+| [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [streaming-form-data][]           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Streaming parser for multipart/form-data written in Cython |
 | [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
@@ -102,16 +102,16 @@ ref: working-examples
 | [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
 | [Python-WebRTC][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | a Python extension that provides bindings to WebRTC M92 |
 | [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
-| [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
 | [Arbor][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Arbor is a multi-compartment neuron simulation library; compatible with next-generation accelerators; best-practices applied to research software; focused on community-driven development. Includes a [small script](https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor/blob/master/scripts/patchwheel.py) patching `rpath` in bundled libraries.  |
+| [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
 | [clang-format][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels. |
 | [polaroid][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Full range of wheels for setuptools rust, with auto release and PyPI deploy. |
 | [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [cf-units][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Units of measure as required by the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions |
 | [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
 | [SiPM][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | High performance library for SiPM detectors simulation using C++17, OpenMP and AVX2 intrinsics. |
-| [aalink][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Async Python interface for Ableton Link. |
 | [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
+| [aalink][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Async Python interface for Ableton Link. |
 | [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
 | [ril][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A python binding to Rust Imaging library using maturin and Pyo3, utilizes Github Action cache to improve speed. Builds abi3 wheels. |
 | [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ ref: working-examples
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
-[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
+[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
@@ -159,9 +159,9 @@ ref: working-examples
 [Implicit]: https://github.com/benfred/implicit
 [vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
 [coverage.py]: https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy
-[Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
-[PyCryptodome]: https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome
 [PyAV]: https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV
+[PyCryptodome]: https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome
+[Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
 [PyYAML]: https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
 [pikepdf]: https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf
 [numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
@@ -188,12 +188,12 @@ ref: working-examples
 [pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
 [KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
 [dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
-[tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
 [sourmash]: https://github.com/sourmash-bio/sourmash
+[tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
 [python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
 [pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
-[python-snappy]: https://github.com/intake/python-snappy
 [Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
+[python-snappy]: https://github.com/intake/python-snappy
 [abess]: https://github.com/abess-team/abess
 [jq.py]: https://github.com/mwilliamson/jq.py
 [cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ ref: working-examples
 [pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
 [keyvi]: https://github.com/KeyviDev/keyvi
 [PyGLM]: https://github.com/Zuzu-Typ/PyGLM
-[iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [power-grid-model]: https://github.com/PowerGridModel/power-grid-model
+[iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
 [streaming-form-data]: https://github.com/siddhantgoel/streaming-form-data
 [Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
@@ -213,16 +213,16 @@ ref: working-examples
 [bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
 [Python-WebRTC]: https://github.com/MarshalX/python-webrtc
 [pybind11 scikit_build_example]: https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example
-[fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
 [Arbor]: https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor
+[fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
 [clang-format]: https://github.com/ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
 [polaroid]: https://github.com/daggy1234/polaroid
 [ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
 [cf-units]: https://github.com/SciTools/cf-units
 [etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
 [SiPM]: https://github.com/EdoPro98/SimSiPM
-[aalink]: https://github.com/artfwo/aalink
 [numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
+[aalink]: https://github.com/artfwo/aalink
 [pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
 [ril]: https://github.com/Cryptex-github/ril-py
 [GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd

examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip3 install cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==4.1.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.1.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+        pip install cibuildwheel==4.1.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels

examples/circleci-minimal.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux wheels.
           command: |
-            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==4.1.1
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux aarch64 wheels.
           command: |
-            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==4.1.1
             python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           name: Build the OS X wheels.
           command: |
             sudo softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license  # for x86_64/universal2 tests
-            pip3 install cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+            pip3 install cibuildwheel==4.1.1
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/

examples/github-deploy.yml

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.0.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.1.1
         env:
           CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.platform || 'auto' }}
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.archs || 'auto' }}

examples/github-minimal.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.0.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.1.1
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
         #   ...

examples/github-pipx.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        run: pipx run cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+        run: pipx run cibuildwheel==4.1.1
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:

examples/github-with-qemu.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
           platforms: all
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.0.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.1.1
         env:
           # configure cibuildwheel on Linux to build native archs ('auto'),
           # and to split the remaining architectures between the x86_64 and

examples/gitlab-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ linux:
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.1.1
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:
     paths:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ windows:
   before_script:
     - choco install python -y --allow-downgrade --version 3.12.4
     - choco install git.install -y
-    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.1.1
   script:
     - py -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform windows
   artifacts:
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ windows:
 macos:
   image: macos-14-xcode-15
   before_script:
-    - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+    - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.1.1
   script:
     - python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:

examples/gitlab-with-qemu.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ linux:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
     # Warning: This is extremely slow, be careful with how many wheels you build
     - docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.1.1
     # Assuming your CI runner's default architecture is x86_64...
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform linux --archs aarch64
   artifacts:

noxfile.py

@@ -16,9 +16,11 @@ See sessions with `nox -l`
 """
 
 import os
+import re
 import shutil
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 import nox
 
@@ -63,6 +65,52 @@ def tests(session: nox.Session) -> None:
         session.run("pytest", "test", "-x", "--durations", "0", "--timeout=2400", "test")
 
 
+# Packages held back for GraalPy until upstream fixes land. uv pip compile
+# can't express a per-implementation split, so the compiled pin is patched:
+# GraalPy (matching `graalpy_marker`) gets `held`, everything else
+# (`other_marker`) tracks the freshly compiled version.
+GRAALPY_HELD_BACK = (
+    # Newer pip breaks GraalPy on Windows.
+    {
+        "package": "pip",
+        "held": "26.0.1",
+        "graalpy_marker": 'implementation_name == "graalpy" and platform_system == "Windows"',
+        "other_marker": 'implementation_name != "graalpy" or platform_system != "Windows"',
+    },
+    # filelock >=3.30 imports errno.ENOTSUP, which GraalPy lacks (fix due ~2026-08).
+    {
+        "package": "filelock",
+        "held": "3.29.7",
+        "graalpy_marker": 'implementation_name == "graalpy"',
+        "other_marker": 'implementation_name != "graalpy"',
+    },
+)
+
+
+def _pin_graalpy_workarounds(output_file: Path) -> None:
+    text = output_file.read_text()
+    for pin in GRAALPY_HELD_BACK:
+        package = re.escape(pin["package"])
+        text = re.sub(
+            rf"^{package}==(?P<version>[^\s;]+)$",
+            f"{pin['package']}==\\g<version>; {pin['other_marker']}\n"
+            f"{pin['package']}=={pin['held']}; {pin['graalpy_marker']}",
+            text,
+            flags=re.MULTILINE,
+        )
+    output_file.write_text(text)
+
+
+def _graalpy_python_versions(build_platforms: dict[str, Any]) -> set[str]:
+    """Python minor versions (e.g. "3.12") that ship a GraalPy configuration."""
+    return {
+        ".".join(config["version"].split(".")[:2])
+        for platform in build_platforms.values()
+        for config in platform["python_configurations"]
+        if config["identifier"].startswith("gp")
+    }
+
+
 @nox.session(default=False, tags=["update"])
 def update_constraints(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     """
@@ -79,6 +127,9 @@ def update_constraints(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env["UV_CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND"] = f"nox -s {session.name}"
 
+    build_platforms = nox.project.load_toml(resources / "build-platforms.toml")
+    graalpy_versions = _graalpy_python_versions(build_platforms)
+
     for minor_version in range(9, 16):
         python_version = f"3.{minor_version}"
         output_file = resources / f"constraints-python{python_version.replace('.', '')}.txt"
@@ -92,13 +143,14 @@ def update_constraints(session: nox.Session) -> None:
             f"--output-file={output_file}",
             env=env,
         )
+        if python_version in graalpy_versions:
+            _pin_graalpy_workarounds(output_file)
 
     shutil.copyfile(
         resources / "constraints-python315.txt",
         resources / "constraints.txt",
     )
 
-    build_platforms = nox.project.load_toml(resources / "build-platforms.toml")
     pyodides = build_platforms["pyodide"]["python_configurations"]
     for pyodide in pyodides:
         python_version = ".".join(pyodide["version"].split(".")[:2])
@@ -176,7 +228,9 @@ def docs(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     """
     pyproject = nox.project.load_toml()
     session.install("-e.", *nox.project.dependency_groups(pyproject, "docs"))
-    session.run("mkdocs", "serve" if session.interactive else "build", "--strict", *session.posargs)
+    session.run(
+        "properdocs", "serve" if session.interactive else "build", "--strict", *session.posargs
+    )
 
 
 @nox.session(default=False)

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "cibuildwheel"
-version = "4.0.0"
+version = "4.1.1"
 description = "Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration."
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "BSD-2-Clause"
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ docs = [
     "mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin==7.1.8",
     "mkdocs-intersphinx>=0.1.1; python_version >= '3.12'",
     "mkdocs-macros-plugin>=1.4.1",
-    "mkdocs==1.6.1",
+    "properdocs==1.6.7",
+    "properdocs-theme-readthedocs",
     "pymdown-extensions",
     "rich",
 ]

test/conftest.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import dataclasses
 import json
 import os
 import subprocess
@@ -12,14 +13,16 @@ from cibuildwheel.ci import detect_ci_provider
 from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments, Options
 from cibuildwheel.selector import EnableGroup
 from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS
+from cibuildwheel.util.resources import PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES
 from cibuildwheel.venv import find_uv
 
 from . import utils
-from .utils import DEFAULT_CIBW_ENABLE, EMULATED_ARCHS, get_platform
+from .utils import DEFAULT_CIBW_ENABLE, EMULATED_ARCHS, get_enable_groups, get_platform
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Generator
+    from pathlib import Path
 
 
 def pytest_addoption(parser: pytest.Parser) -> None:
@@ -74,7 +77,19 @@ def pytest_configure(config: pytest.Config) -> None:
         os.environ["CIBW_PLATFORM"] = flag_platform
 
 
-def docker_warmup(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> None:
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class DockerWarmUpImage:
+    source_name: str
+    cached_name: str
+
+
+def get_docker_warmup_images(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> list[DockerWarmUpImage] | None:
+    enable_groups = get_enable_groups()
+    # Check missing pre-installed interpreters are needed
+    enable_groups &= {EnableGroup.GraalPy, EnableGroup.PyPyEoL}
+    if not enable_groups:
+        return None
+
     machine = request.config.getoption("--run-emulation", default=None)
     if machine is None:
         archs = {arch.value for arch in Architecture.auto_archs("linux")}
@@ -86,7 +101,7 @@ def docker_warmup(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> None:
     # Only include architectures where there are missing pre-installed interpreters
     archs &= {"x86_64", "i686", "aarch64"}
     if not archs:
-        return
+        return None
 
     options = Options(
         platform="linux",
@@ -96,17 +111,28 @@ def docker_warmup(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> None:
     )
     build_options = options.build_options(None)
     assert build_options.manylinux_images is not None
-    assert build_options.musllinux_images is not None
-    images = [build_options.manylinux_images[arch] for arch in archs] + [
-        build_options.musllinux_images[arch] for arch in archs
-    ]
+    images: list[DockerWarmUpImage] = []
+    for arch in archs:
+        source_name = build_options.manylinux_images[arch]
+        cached_name = source_name
+        if "@sha256:" in source_name:
+            cached_name = source_name.rsplit("@sha256:", 1)[0] + ":cibw_cache_fixture"
+        images.append(DockerWarmUpImage(source_name, cached_name))
+    if images:
+        return images
+    return None
+
+
+def docker_warmup(images: list[DockerWarmUpImage], docker_warmup_config: Path) -> None:
     command = (
         "manylinux-interpreters ensure-all &&"
         "cpython3.13 -m pip download -d /tmp setuptools wheel pytest"
     )
+    config_content = PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES.read_text()
     for image in images:
+        config_content = config_content.replace(image.source_name, image.cached_name)
         container_id = subprocess.run(
-            ["docker", "create", image, "bash", "-c", command],
+            ["docker", "create", image.source_name, "bash", "-c", command],
             text=True,
             check=True,
             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
@@ -118,37 +144,48 @@ def docker_warmup(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> None:
             ).stdout.strip()
             assert exit_code == "0"
             subprocess.run(
-                ["docker", "commit", container_id, image], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL
+                ["docker", "commit", container_id, image.cached_name],
+                check=True,
+                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
             )
         finally:
             subprocess.run(["docker", "rm", container_id], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+    docker_warmup_config.write_text(config_content)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
 def docker_warmup_fixture(
     request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmp_path_factory: pytest.TempPathFactory, worker_id: str
-) -> None:
+) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
     # if we're in CI testing linux, let's warm-up docker images
     if detect_ci_provider() is None or get_platform() != "linux":
-        return None
-    if request.config.getoption("--run-emulation", default=None) is not None:
+        images = None
+    elif request.config.getoption("--run-emulation", default=None) is not None:
         # emulation tests only run one test in CI, caching the image only slows down the test
-        return None
+        images = None
+    else:
+        images = get_docker_warmup_images(request)
+    if images is None:
+        yield None
+        return
 
     if worker_id == "master":
         # not executing with multiple workers
         # it might be unsafe to write to tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp().parent
-        return docker_warmup(request)
+        docker_warmup_config = tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp() / "docker_warmup.cfg"
+        docker_warmup(images, docker_warmup_config)
+    else:
+        # get the temp directory shared by all workers
+        root_tmp_dir = tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp().parent
 
-    # get the temp directory shared by all workers
-    root_tmp_dir = tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp().parent
+        docker_warmup_config = root_tmp_dir / "docker_warmup.cfg"
+        with FileLock(str(docker_warmup_config) + ".lock"):
+            if not docker_warmup_config.is_file():
+                docker_warmup(images, docker_warmup_config)
 
-    fn = root_tmp_dir / "warmup.done"
-    with FileLock(str(fn) + ".lock"):
-        if not fn.is_file():
-            docker_warmup(request)
-            fn.write_text("done")
-    return None
+    with pytest.MonkeyPatch.context() as monkeypatch:
+        monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_INTERNAL_PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES", str(docker_warmup_config))
+        yield None
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(params=["pip", "build"])
@@ -157,8 +194,8 @@ def build_frontend_env_nouv(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> dict[str, str]:
     marks = {m.name for m in request.node.iter_markers()}
 
     platform = "pyodide" if "pyodide" in marks else get_platform()
-    if platform == "pyodide" and frontend == "pip":
-        pytest.skip("Can't use pip as build frontend for pyodide platform")
+    if platform == "pyodide":
+        pytest.skip("pyodide only supports the pyodide-build frontend")
 
     return {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": frontend}
 
@@ -176,10 +213,10 @@ def build_frontend_env(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> Generator[dict[str, st
     else:
         platform = get_platform()
 
-    if platform in {"pyodide", "ios", "android"} and frontend == "pip":
+    if platform == "pyodide":
+        pytest.skip("pyodide only supports the pyodide-build frontend")
+    if platform in {"ios", "android"} and frontend == "pip":
         pytest.skip(f"Can't use pip as build frontend for {platform}")
-    if platform == "pyodide" and frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}:
-        pytest.skip("Can't use uv with pyodide yet")
     uv_path = find_uv()
     if uv_path is None and frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}:
         pytest.skip("Can't find uv, so skipping uv tests")

test/test_abi_variants.py

@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ def test_abi3(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         project_dir,
         add_env={
             # free_threaded, GraalPy, and PyPy do not have a Py_LIMITED_API equivalent, just build one of those
-            # pyodide uses cp313 (the stable version) which supports limited API / abi3
+            # pyodide uses cp314 (the latest stable version) which supports limited API / abi3
             # also limit the number of builds for test performance reasons
             "CIBW_BUILD": (
-                "cp313-*"
+                "cp314-*"
                 if utils.get_platform() == "pyodide"
                 else "cp39-* cp310-* pp310-* gp312_250-* cp312-* cp314t-*"
             ),

test/test_android.py

@@ -405,7 +405,11 @@ def test_environment_markers(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             **cp313_env,
             "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": f"python -m pytest {test_filename}",
             "CIBW_TEST_SOURCES": test_filename,
-            "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": "pytest certifi;sys_platform=='android' platformdirs;sys_platform!='android'",
+            "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": (
+                "pytest"
+                " 'certifi; sys_platform == \"android\"'"
+                " 'platformdirs; sys_platform != \"android\"'"
+            ),
         },
     )
 
@@ -686,7 +690,7 @@ def test_xbuild_files(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None
         add_env={
             **cp313_env,
             # TODO: remove this once there are official Android NumPy wheels on PyPI.
-            "PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL": "https://chaquo.com/pypi-test",
+            "PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL": "https://chaquo.com/pypi-upstream",
             "CIBW_ARCHS": "all",  # Include both native and non-native archs.
             "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": f"python -c '{script}'",
         },

test/test_before_build.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         """python -c "import pathlib, sys; pathlib.Path('{project}/pythonversion_bb.txt').write_text(sys.version)" && """
         f'''python -c "import pathlib, sys; pathlib.Path('{{project}}/pythonprefix_bb.txt').write_text({SYS_PREFIX})"'''
     )
-    frontend = "build"
+    frontend = "pyodide-build" if utils.get_platform() == "pyodide" else "build"
     if utils.get_platform() != "pyodide":
         before_build = f"python -m pip install setuptools && {before_build}"
         frontend = f"{frontend};args: --no-isolation"

test/test_build_frontend_args.py

@@ -15,7 +15,17 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     "frontend_name",
     [
         pytest.param("pip", marks=utils.skip_if_pyodide("No pip for pyodide")),
-        "build",
+        pytest.param(
+            "build",
+            marks=utils.skip_if_pyodide("pyodide only supports the pyodide-build frontend"),
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "pyodide-build",
+            marks=pytest.mark.skipif(
+                utils.get_platform() != "pyodide",
+                reason="pyodide-build frontend is only valid on pyodide",
+            ),
+        ),
     ],
 )
 def test_build_frontend_args(
@@ -27,7 +37,7 @@ def test_build_frontend_args(
 
     # the build will fail because the frontend is called with '-h' - it prints the help message
     add_env = {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": f"{frontend_name}; args: -h"}
-    if utils.get_platform() == "pyodide":
+    if frontend_name == "pyodide-build":
         add_env["TERM"] = "dumb"  # disable color / style
         add_env["NO_COLOR"] = "1"
     with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
@@ -40,7 +50,7 @@ def test_build_frontend_args(
     if frontend_name == "pip":
         assert "Usage:" in captured.out
         assert "Wheel Options:" in captured.out
-    elif utils.get_platform() == "pyodide":
+    elif frontend_name == "pyodide-build":
         assert "Usage: pyodide build" in captured.out
     else:
         assert "usage:" in captured.out

test/test_container_engine.py

@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
 
 
 def test_podman(
-    tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str], request: pytest.FixtureRequest
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+    request: pytest.FixtureRequest,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")
@@ -20,6 +23,9 @@ def test_podman(
     if not request.config.getoption("--run-podman"):
         pytest.skip("needs --run-podman option to run")
 
+    # we can't use images cached in the docker_warmup_fixture autouse fixture
+    monkeypatch.delenv("CIBW_INTERNAL_PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES", raising=False)
+
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_dependency_versions.py

@@ -87,13 +87,13 @@ def get_versions_from_constraint_file(constraint_file: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
     return result
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("python_version", ["3.9", "3.13"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("python_version", ["3.9", "3.14"])
 def test_pinned_versions(
     tmp_path: Path, python_version: str, build_frontend_env_nouv: dict[str, str]
 ) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() == "linux":
         pytest.skip("linux doesn't pin individual tool versions, it pins manylinux images instead")
-    if python_version != "3.13" and utils.get_platform() == "pyodide":
+    if python_version != "3.14" and utils.get_platform() == "pyodide":
         pytest.skip(f"pyodide does not support Python {python_version}")
 
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"

test/test_pyodide.py

@@ -175,6 +175,6 @@ def test_pyodide_repair_wheel(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
     # check that the expected wheels are produced
     expected_wheels = [
-        "spam-0.1.0-cp313-cp313-pyemscripten_2025_0_wasm32.whl",
+        "spam-0.1.0-cp314-cp314-pyemscripten_2026_0_wasm32.whl",
     ]
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)

test/utils.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ EMULATED_ARCHS: Final[list[str]] = sorted(
 PYPY_ARCHS = ["x86_64", "i686", "AMD64", "aarch64", "arm64"]
 GRAALPY_ARCHS = ["x86_64", "AMD64", "aarch64", "arm64"]
 
-SINGLE_PYTHON_VERSION: Final[tuple[int, int]] = (3, 13)
+SINGLE_PYTHON_VERSION: Final[tuple[int, int]] = (3, 14)
 
 # temporary workaround: set by build_frontend_env fixture to skip graalpy
 # when uv is the build frontend (compatibility issue between graalpy and uv)
@@ -278,9 +278,9 @@ def _expected_wheels(
 
     # To be kept in sync with Python versions for Pyodide identifiers in cibuildwheel/selector.py.
     if platform == "pyodide" and python_abi_tags is None:
-        python_abi_tags = ["cp313-cp313"]
-        if EnableGroup.PyodidePrerelease in enable_groups:
-            python_abi_tags.append("cp314-cp314")
+        python_abi_tags = ["cp313-cp313", "cp314-cp314"]
+        if EnableGroup.PyodideEoL in enable_groups:
+            python_abi_tags.insert(0, "cp312-cp312")
     elif (platform == "android" and python_abi_tags is None) or (
         platform == "ios" and python_abi_tags is None
     ):
@@ -414,8 +414,8 @@ def _expected_wheels(
 
             if not platform_tags:
                 # for example if the python tag is `none` or `abi3`, the wheel
-                # is built by the stable cp313 Python version
-                platform_tags = ["pyemscripten_2025_0_wasm32"]
+                # is built by the latest stable cp314 Python version
+                platform_tags = ["pyemscripten_2026_0_wasm32"]
 
         else:
             msg = f"Unsupported platform {platform!r}"

unit_test/architecture_test.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import sys
 import pytest
 
 import cibuildwheel.architecture
+import cibuildwheel.errors
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, arch_synonym
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
@@ -142,3 +143,33 @@ def test_arch_synonym(
     arch: str, from_platform: PlatformName, to_platform: PlatformName, expected: str | None
 ) -> None:
     assert arch_synonym(arch, from_platform, to_platform) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config", "platform", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Case-insensitive, platform-resolved names (issue #2373).
+        ("arm64", "windows", {Architecture.ARM64}),
+        ("ARM64", "windows", {Architecture.ARM64}),
+        ("amd64", "windows", {Architecture.AMD64}),
+        ("AMD64", "windows", {Architecture.AMD64}),
+        ("X86", "windows", {Architecture.x86}),
+        ("x86", "windows", {Architecture.x86}),
+        # macOS resolves the lowercase arm64 even when given uppercase.
+        ("ARM64", "macos", {Architecture.arm64}),
+        ("arm64", "macos", {Architecture.arm64}),
+        ("X86_64", "macos", {Architecture.x86_64}),
+        # Multiple, mixed-case archs in one config string.
+        ("arm64 amd64", "windows", {Architecture.ARM64, Architecture.AMD64}),
+    ],
+)
+def test_arch_parse_config_case_insensitive(
+    config: str, platform: PlatformName, expected: set[Architecture]
+) -> None:
+    assert Architecture.parse_config(config, platform) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform", ["windows", "macos", "linux"])
+def test_arch_parse_config_invalid(platform: PlatformName) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cibuildwheel.errors.ConfigurationError):
+        Architecture.parse_config("nonexistent", platform)

unit_test/build_ids_test.py

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 import tomllib
+from pathlib import Path
 
+import pytest
 from packaging.version import Version
 
 from cibuildwheel.extra import Printable, dump_python_configurations
 from cibuildwheel.util import resources
 
+OPTIONS_MD = Path(__file__).parents[1] / "docs" / "options.md"
+
 
 def test_compare_configs() -> None:
     txt = resources.BUILD_PLATFORMS.read_text()
@@ -18,6 +22,20 @@ def test_compare_configs() -> None:
     assert new_txt == txt
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not OPTIONS_MD.is_file(), reason="docs/options.md not present")
+def test_all_identifiers_in_docs_table() -> None:
+    # The build-id table in docs/options.md is hand-maintained; this guards
+    # against forgetting an identifier when build-platforms.toml changes.
+    docs = OPTIONS_MD.read_text()
+    identifiers = [
+        config["identifier"]
+        for configs in resources.read_all_configs().values()
+        for config in configs
+    ]
+    missing = [i for i in identifiers if i not in docs]
+    assert not missing, f"Missing from docs/options.md build-id table: {missing}"
+
+
 def test_dump_with_Version() -> None:
     # MyPy doesn't understand deeply nested dicts correctly
     example: dict[str, dict[str, list[dict[str, Printable]]]] = {

unit_test/build_selector_test.py

@@ -91,14 +91,15 @@ def test_build_filter_pypy_all() -> None:
     assert build_selector("pp39-manylinux_x86_64")
 
 
-def test_build_filter_pyodide_prerelease() -> None:
-    build_selector = BuildSelector(
-        build_config="*",
-        skip_config="",
-        enable=frozenset([EnableGroup.PyodidePrerelease]),
-    )
-    assert build_selector("cp313-pyodide_wasm32")
-    assert build_selector("cp314-pyodide_wasm32")
+# Re-enable when we have Pyodide 3.15 prerelease builds to test against
+# def test_build_filter_pyodide_prerelease() -> None:
+#     build_selector = BuildSelector(
+#         build_config="*",
+#         skip_config="",
+#         enable=frozenset([EnableGroup.PyodidePrerelease]),
+#     )
+#     assert build_selector("cp314-pyodide_wasm32")
+#     assert build_selector("cp315-pyodide_wasm32")
 
 
 def test_build_filter_pyodide() -> None:
@@ -108,8 +109,8 @@ def test_build_filter_pyodide() -> None:
         enable=frozenset(),
     )
     assert build_selector("cp313-pyodide_wasm32")
+    assert build_selector("cp314-pyodide_wasm32")
     assert not build_selector("cp312-pyodide_wasm32")
-    assert not build_selector("cp314-pyodide_wasm32")
 
 
 def test_build_filter_pyodide_eol() -> None:
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ def test_build_filter_pyodide_eol() -> None:
     )
     assert build_selector("cp312-pyodide_wasm32")
     assert build_selector("cp313-pyodide_wasm32")
-    assert not build_selector("cp314-pyodide_wasm32")
+    assert build_selector("cp314-pyodide_wasm32")
 
 
 def test_skip() -> None:

unit_test/main_tests/main_options_test.py

@@ -173,19 +173,19 @@ def test_empty_selector(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("architecture", "image", "full_image"),
     [
-        ("x86_64", None, "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:*"),
-        ("x86_64", "manylinux2014", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:*"),
-        ("x86_64", "manylinux_2_28", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:*"),
-        ("x86_64", "manylinux_2_34", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:*"),
+        ("x86_64", None, "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64@*"),
+        ("x86_64", "manylinux2014", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64@*"),
+        ("x86_64", "manylinux_2_28", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64@*"),
+        ("x86_64", "manylinux_2_34", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64@*"),
         ("x86_64", "custom_image", "custom_image"),
-        ("i686", None, "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:*"),
-        ("i686", "manylinux2014", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:*"),
-        ("i686", "manylinux_2_28", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:*"),
+        ("i686", None, "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686@*"),
+        ("i686", "manylinux2014", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686@*"),
+        ("i686", "manylinux_2_28", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686@*"),
         ("i686", "custom_image", "custom_image"),
-        ("pypy_x86_64", None, "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:*"),
-        ("pypy_x86_64", "manylinux2014", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:*"),
-        ("pypy_x86_64", "manylinux_2_28", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:*"),
-        ("pypy_x86_64", "manylinux_2_34", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:*"),
+        ("pypy_x86_64", None, "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64@*"),
+        ("pypy_x86_64", "manylinux2014", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64@*"),
+        ("pypy_x86_64", "manylinux_2_28", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64@*"),
+        ("pypy_x86_64", "manylinux_2_34", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64@*"),
         ("pypy_x86_64", "custom_image", "custom_image"),
     ],
 )

unit_test/options_test.py

@@ -25,12 +25,21 @@ from cibuildwheel.options import (
     _get_pinned_container_images,
 )
 from cibuildwheel.platforms import ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES, get_build_identifiers
+from cibuildwheel.platforms.pyodide import (
+    PyodideXBuildEnvInfo,
+    validate_pyodide_target_python,
+)
+from cibuildwheel.platforms.pyodide import (
+    PythonConfiguration as PyodidePythonConfiguration,
+)
 from cibuildwheel.util import resources
 from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import DependencyConstraints
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Sequence
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+
+    from cibuildwheel.typing import PlatformName
 
 PYPROJECT_1 = """
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
@@ -106,6 +115,91 @@ def test_options_1(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     assert local.pyodide_version == "0.29.4"
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def make_pyodide_xbuildenv_info() -> Callable[[str, str], PyodideXBuildEnvInfo]:
+    def _make(version: str, python: str) -> PyodideXBuildEnvInfo:
+        return {
+            "version": version,
+            "python": python,
+            "emscripten": "5.0.3",
+            "pyodide_build": {"min": None, "max": None},
+            "compatible": True,
+        }
+
+    return _make
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def make_pyodide_python_configuration() -> Callable[[str, str], PyodidePythonConfiguration]:
+    def _make(identifier: str, version: str) -> PyodidePythonConfiguration:
+        return PyodidePythonConfiguration(
+            version=version,
+            identifier=identifier,
+            default_pyodide_version="0.0.0",
+            node_version="v22",
+        )
+
+    return _make
+
+
+def test_validate_pyodide_target_python_matching(
+    make_pyodide_xbuildenv_info: Callable[[str, str], PyodideXBuildEnvInfo],
+    make_pyodide_python_configuration: Callable[[str, str], PyodidePythonConfiguration],
+) -> None:
+    xbuildenv_info = make_pyodide_xbuildenv_info("314.0.0", "3.14.2")
+    config = make_pyodide_python_configuration("cp314-pyodide_wasm32", "3.14")
+    # should not raise
+    validate_pyodide_target_python(xbuildenv_info, config)
+
+
+def test_validate_pyodide_target_python_mismatch(
+    make_pyodide_xbuildenv_info: Callable[[str, str], PyodideXBuildEnvInfo],
+    make_pyodide_python_configuration: Callable[[str, str], PyodidePythonConfiguration],
+) -> None:
+    # a Python 3.14 xbuildenv applied to a cp313-pyodide_wasm32 build, when a global
+    # pyodide-version is set across mismatched targets
+    xbuildenv_info = make_pyodide_xbuildenv_info("314.0.0", "3.14.2")
+    config = make_pyodide_python_configuration("cp313-pyodide_wasm32", "3.13")
+
+    with pytest.raises(errors.ConfigurationError) as exc_info:
+        validate_pyodide_target_python(xbuildenv_info, config)
+
+    message = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "cp313-pyodide_wasm32" in message
+    assert "314.0.0" in message
+    assert "3.13" in message
+    assert "3.14" in message
+
+
+def test_test_and_audit_requires_with_dependency_specifiers(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Regression test for https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2912"""
+    pyproject_toml = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+    pyproject_toml.write_text(
+        """
+[tool.cibuildwheel]
+test-requires = [
+    "pytest",
+    "pyzstd; python_version >= '3.14'",
+    "zarr>=3",
+]
+audit-requires = ["abi3audit; python_version >= '3.9'"]
+"""
+    )
+
+    args = CommandLineArguments.defaults()
+    args.package_dir = tmp_path
+
+    options = Options(platform="linux", command_line_arguments=args, env={})
+    build_options = options.build_options(identifier=None)
+
+    assert build_options.test_requires == [
+        "pytest",
+        "pyzstd; python_version >= '3.14'",
+        "zarr>=3",
+    ]
+    assert build_options.audit_requires == ["abi3audit; python_version >= '3.9'"]
+
+
 def test_passthrough(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     with tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").open("w") as f:
         f.write(PYPROJECT_1)
@@ -388,6 +482,93 @@ def test_build_frontend_option(
         assert parsed_build_frontend.args == ()
 
 
+def test_pyodide_build_frontend_default(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    args = CommandLineArguments.defaults()
+    args.package_dir = tmp_path
+
+    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text("[tool.cibuildwheel]\n")
+
+    options = Options(platform="pyodide", command_line_arguments=args, env={})
+    build_frontend = options.build_options(identifier=None).build_frontend
+
+    assert build_frontend.name == "pyodide-build"
+    assert build_frontend.args == []
+
+
+def test_pyodide_build_frontend_args(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    args = CommandLineArguments.defaults()
+    args.package_dir = tmp_path
+
+    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent(
+            """\
+            [tool.cibuildwheel.pyodide]
+            build-frontend = {name = "pyodide-build", args = ["--exports=whole_archive"]}
+            """
+        )
+    )
+
+    options = Options(platform="pyodide", command_line_arguments=args, env={})
+    build_frontend = options.build_options(identifier=None).build_frontend
+
+    assert build_frontend.name == "pyodide-build"
+    assert build_frontend.args == ["--exports=whole_archive"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "build_frontend_str",
+    ["default", "pip", "build", "build[uv]", "uv"],
+)
+def test_pyodide_global_build_frontend_coerced(tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_str: str) -> None:
+    """A global non-pyodide frontend setting is coerced to pyodide-build, not an error."""
+    args = CommandLineArguments.defaults()
+    args.package_dir = tmp_path
+
+    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent(
+            f"""\
+            [tool.cibuildwheel]
+            build-frontend = "{build_frontend_str}"
+            """
+        )
+    )
+
+    options = Options(platform="pyodide", command_line_arguments=args, env={})
+    build_frontend = options.build_options(identifier=None).build_frontend
+
+    assert build_frontend.name == "pyodide-build"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform", "build_frontend_str"),
+    [
+        ("linux", "pyodide-build"),
+        ("macos", "pyodide-build"),
+        ("windows", "pyodide-build"),
+        ("android", "pyodide-build"),
+        ("ios", "pyodide-build"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_build_frontend_platform_mismatch(
+    tmp_path: Path, platform: PlatformName, build_frontend_str: str
+) -> None:
+    args = CommandLineArguments.defaults()
+    args.package_dir = tmp_path
+
+    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent(
+            f"""\
+            [tool.cibuildwheel]
+            build-frontend = "{build_frontend_str}"
+            """
+        )
+    )
+
+    options = Options(platform=platform, command_line_arguments=args, env={})
+    with pytest.raises(errors.ConfigurationError):
+        options.build_options(identifier=None)
+
+
 def test_override_inherit_environment(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     args = CommandLineArguments.defaults()
     args.package_dir = tmp_path
@@ -571,10 +752,15 @@ def test_deprecated_image(
         ("build", 3, ["-Ca", "-Cb", "-1", "-vv"]),
         ("build[uv]", 3, ["-Ca", "-Cb", "-1", "-vv"]),
         ("uv", 3, ["-Ca", "-Cb", "-1", "-vv"]),
+        ("pyodide-build", -1, ["-Ca", "-Cb", "-1"]),
+        ("pyodide-build", 0, ["-Ca", "-Cb", "-1"]),
+        ("pyodide-build", 1, ["-Ca", "-Cb", "-1", "-v"]),
+        ("pyodide-build", 2, ["-Ca", "-Cb", "-1", "-vv"]),
+        ("pyodide-build", 3, ["-Ca", "-Cb", "-1", "-vv"]),
     ],
 )
 def test_get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-    frontend: Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]"],
+    frontend: Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]", "uv", "pyodide-build"],
     verbosity: int,
     result: list[str],
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
@@ -666,6 +852,31 @@ def test_test_runtime_handling(
     assert local.test_runtime.args == expected_args
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("platform", "platform_envvar"),
+    [
+        ("android", "CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_ANDROID"),
+        ("ios", "CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_IOS"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_test_runtime_platform_environment(
+    tmp_path: Path, platform: PlatformName, platform_envvar: str
+) -> None:
+    args = CommandLineArguments.defaults()
+    args.package_dir = tmp_path
+
+    options = Options(
+        platform=platform,
+        command_line_arguments=args,
+        env={
+            "CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME": "args: --global",
+            platform_envvar: "args: --platform-specific",
+        },
+    )
+
+    assert options.build_options(None).test_runtime.args == ["--platform-specific"]
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("definition", "expected"),
     [

unit_test/venv_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import os
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+import cibuildwheel.venv
+from cibuildwheel.venv import activate_virtualenv, find_uv, virtualenv
+
+
+def test_activate_virtualenv(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    venv_path = tmp_path / "venv"
+    env = activate_virtualenv(venv_path, env={"PATH": "/usr/bin"})
+    paths = env["PATH"].split(os.pathsep)
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        assert paths[:2] == [str(venv_path), str(venv_path / "Scripts")]
+    else:
+        assert paths[0] == str(venv_path / "bin")
+    assert paths[-1] == "/usr/bin"
+    assert env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] == str(venv_path)
+
+
+def test_activate_virtualenv_base_python_bin_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    venv_path = tmp_path / "venv"
+    base_bin = tmp_path / "base" / "bin"
+    env = activate_virtualenv(venv_path, env={"PATH": "/usr/bin"}, base_python_bin_dir=base_bin)
+    paths = env["PATH"].split(os.pathsep)
+    # the base interpreter's bin dir comes right after the venv, so scripts
+    # like python3-config resolve to the matching interpreter (see #2021)
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        assert paths[:3] == [str(venv_path), str(venv_path / "Scripts"), str(base_bin)]
+    else:
+        assert paths[:2] == [str(venv_path / "bin"), str(base_bin)]
+    assert paths[-1] == "/usr/bin"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="POSIX-only behavior")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(find_uv() is None, reason="requires uv")
+def test_virtualenv_puts_base_python_bin_dir_on_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    version = "{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info[:2])
+    venv_path = tmp_path / "venv"
+    env = virtualenv(
+        version, Path(sys.executable), venv_path, None, use_uv=True, env={"PATH": "/usr/bin"}
+    )
+    paths = env["PATH"].split(os.pathsep)
+    assert paths == [str(venv_path / "bin"), str(Path(sys.executable).parent), "/usr/bin"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(find_uv() is None, reason="requires uv")
+def test_virtualenv_no_base_python_bin_dir_on_windows(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cibuildwheel.venv, "_IS_WIN", True)
+    version = "{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info[:2])
+    venv_path = tmp_path / "venv"
+    env = virtualenv(
+        version, Path(sys.executable), venv_path, None, use_uv=True, env={"PATH": "/usr/bin"}
+    )
+    paths = env["PATH"].split(os.pathsep)
+    assert str(Path(sys.executable).parent) not in paths