Bump version: v3.4.1

Free-Threading Python 3.13 was experimental.
Now that Python 3.14 has been released with explicit support, we can schedule removal of Python 3.13 free-threading.

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -9,3 +9,5 @@ updates:
       actions:
         patterns:
           - "*"
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -7,13 +7,17 @@ on:
     types:
     - published
 
+permissions: {}
+
 jobs:
   dist:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
-    - uses: hynek/build-and-inspect-python-package@v2
+    - uses: hynek/build-and-inspect-python-package@efb823f52190ad02594531168b7a2d5790e66516 # v2.14.0
 
   publish:
     needs: [dist]
@@ -27,16 +31,16 @@ jobs:
       attestations: write
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
       with:
         name: Packages
         path: dist
 
     - name: Generate artifact attestation for sdist and wheel
-      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@977bb373ede98d70efdf65b84cb5f73e068dcc2a # v3.0.0
+      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@a2bbfa25375fe432b6a289bc6b6cd05ecd0c4c32 # v4.1.0
       with:
         subject-path: "dist/cibuildwheel-*"
 
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ed0c53931b1dc9bd32cbe73a98c7f6766f8a527e # v1.13.0
       with:
         attestations: true

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
     # allow manual runs on branches without a PR
 
+permissions: {}
+
 concurrency:
   group: test-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -37,18 +39,44 @@ jobs:
     name: Linters (mypy, ruff, etc.)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       id: python
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1
+    - uses: j178/prek-action@79f765515bd648eb4d6bb1b17277b7cb22cb6468 # v2.0.0
     - name: PyLint checks
-      run: pipx run --python "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
+      run: pipx run --python "${STEPS_PYTHON_OUTPUTS_PYTHON_PATH}" nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
+      env:
+        STEPS_PYTHON_OUTPUTS_PYTHON_PATH: ${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}
+
+  sample:
+    name: Generate a sample project
+    needs: lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+      name: Install Python
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.x"
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
+    - name: Generate a sample project
+      run: uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj
 
   test:
     name: Test on ${{ matrix.os }} (${{ matrix.python_version }}) ${{ matrix.test_select }}
-    needs: lint
+    needs: sample
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
@@ -91,28 +119,29 @@ jobs:
           test_select: android
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
 
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
 
     - name: Free up disk space
-      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+      if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.test_select != 'android'
       run: |
-        docker system prune -a -f
+        sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_HOME/ndk /opt/hostedtoolcache/CodeQL \
-        sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_HOME/ndk/{26,28}.* /opt/hostedtoolcache/CodeQL \
           /usr/local/lib/node_modules /usr/local/share/chromium \
           /usr/local/share/powershell
-        df -h
+        df -m
 
     # for oci_container unit tests
     - name: Set up QEMU
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
 
     - name: Set up Xcode
       if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos-15') }}
@@ -121,15 +150,14 @@ jobs:
         sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode_16.4.app
 
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
+      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
-        uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
-    - uses: joerick/pr-labels-action@v1.0.9
+    - uses: joerick/pr-labels-action@0543b277721e852d821c6738d449f2f4dea03d5f # v1.0.9
 
     - name: Set CIBW_ENABLE
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        if [[ "${{ github.ref_name }}" == "main" ]]; then
+        if [[ "$GITHUB_REF_NAME" == "main" ]]; then
           CIBW_ENABLE=all
         else
           # get the default CIBW_ENABLE value from the test module
@@ -145,9 +173,11 @@ jobs:
         fi
         echo "CIBW_ENABLE=${CIBW_ENABLE}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-    - name: Generate a sample project
+    - name: Download a sample project
-      run: |
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
-        uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj
 
     - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
       uses: ./
@@ -202,7 +232,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         test $(find wheelhouse_only -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
       with:
         name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
         path: wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -210,8 +240,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Test cibuildwheel
       env:
         CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.test_runtime }}
-      run: |
+      run: uv run --no-sync bin/run_tests.py --test-select=${{ matrix.test_select || 'native' }} ${{ (runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64') && '--run-podman' || '' }}
-        uv run --no-sync bin/run_tests.py --test-select=${{ matrix.test_select || 'native' }} ${{ (runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64') && '--run-podman' || '' }}
 
   emulated-archs:
     name: Get qemu emulated architectures
@@ -220,11 +249,13 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       archs: ${{ steps.archs.outputs.archs }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
     - name: Get qemu emulated architectures
@@ -243,39 +274,47 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         arch: ${{ fromJSON(needs.emulated-archs.outputs.archs) }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
     - name: Set up QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
 
     - name: Run the emulation tests
-      run: uv run --no-sync pytest --run-emulation ${{ matrix.arch }} test/test_emulation.py
+      env:
+        MATRIX_ARCH: ${{ matrix.arch }}
+      run: uv run --no-sync pytest --run-emulation "$MATRIX_ARCH" test/test_emulation.py
 
   test-pyodide:
     name: Test pyodide
-    needs: lint
+    needs: sample
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       name: Install Python 3.12
       with:
         python-version: '3.12'
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
-    - name: Generate a sample project
+    - name: Download a sample project
-      run: |
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
-        uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj
 
     - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
       uses: ./
@@ -286,7 +325,45 @@ jobs:
         CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
 
     - name: Run tests with 'CIBW_PLATFORM' set to 'pyodide'
-      run: |
+      run: uv run --no-sync ./bin/run_tests.py
-        uv run --no-sync ./bin/run_tests.py
       env:
         CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
+
+  test-uv-extras:
+    name: Test uv extra on ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.test_select }}
+    needs: sample
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+        - os: ubuntu-latest
+          test_select: android
+        - os: windows-latest
+        - os: windows-11-arm
+        - os: macos-15-intel
+        - os: macos-15
+        - os: macos-15-intel
+          test_select: android
+        - os: macos-15
+          test_select: android
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - name: Download a sample project
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj
+    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
+      uses: ./
+      with:
+        extras: uv
+        package-dir: sample_proj
+        output-dir: wheelhouse
+      env:
+        CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64
+        CIBW_BUILD: cp314-*
+        CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: 'build[uv]'
+        CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.test_select }}

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -14,25 +14,32 @@ on:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 6 * * 1'  # "At 06:00 on Monday."
 
+permissions: {}
+
 jobs:
   update-dependencies:
     name: Update dependencies
     if: github.repository_owner == 'pypa' || github.event_name != 'schedule'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    environment: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel' && 'update-dependencies-workflow' || '' }}
     steps:
 
     # we use this step to grab a Github App auth token, so that PRs generated by this workflow
     # run the GHA tests.
-    - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2
+    - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@f8d387b68d61c58ab83c6c016672934102569859 # v3.0.0
       id: generate-token
       if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
       with:
         app-id: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_ID }}
         private-key: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
-    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2025.10.16
+    - uses: wntrblm/nox@5a277b752f6094150e25237d47c34168e2b7526e # 2026.02.09
 
     - name: "Run update: dependencies"
       run: nox --force-color -s update_constraints
@@ -43,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Create Pull Request
       if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
-      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v7
+      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@c0f553fe549906ede9cf27b5156039d195d2ece0 # v8.1.0
       with:
         commit-message: Update dependencies
         title: '[Bot] Update dependencies'

.github/workflows/update-major-minor-tag.yml

@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Update the ${{ env.TAG_NAME }} tag
         id: update-major-minor-tag
-        uses: joerick/update-vX.Y-tag-action@v1.0
+        uses: joerick/update-vX.Y-tag-action@c4cefb60c33b82e4aa73a469e4acf30ee48d5812 # v1.0.2
         with:
           source-tag: ${{ env.TAG_NAME }}

.github/workflows/zizmor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: zizmor - GitHub Actions Security Analysis
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["main"]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: ["**"]
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  zizmor:
+    name: Run zizmor 🌈
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      security-events: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Run zizmor 🌈
+        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@71321a20a9ded102f6e9ce5718a2fcec2c4f70d8 # v0.5.2

.gitignore

@@ -112,3 +112,10 @@ site/
 
 # PyCharm
 .idea/
+
+# Lockfiles
+*.lock
+*.pylock
+
+# OS files
+.DS_Store

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-repos:
+ci:
+  autoupdate_schedule: monthly
 
+repos:
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v6.0.0
+  rev: 3e8a8703264a2f4a69428a0aa4dcb512790b2c8c  # frozen: v6.0.0
   hooks:
   - id: check-case-conflict
   - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -14,14 +16,14 @@ repos:
   - id: trailing-whitespace
 
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.14.4
+  rev: 4924b0e01e032fea073ad04a1c5cfa7e4add0afb  # frozen: v0.15.6
   hooks:
   - id: ruff-check
-    args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
+    args: ["--fix"]
   - id: ruff-format
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v1.18.2
+  rev: a66e98df7b4aeeb3724184b332785976d062b92e  # frozen: v1.19.1
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
     name: mypy 3.11 on cibuildwheel/
@@ -49,12 +51,12 @@ repos:
       - uv
       - validate-pyproject
   - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.13
+    name: mypy 3.14
-    args: ["--python-version=3.13"]
+    args: ["--python-version=3.14"]
     additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
 
 - repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
-  rev: v0.11.0.1
+  rev: 745eface02aef23e168a8afb6b5737818efbea95  # frozen: v0.11.0.1
   hooks:
   - id: shellcheck
 
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ repos:
     additional_dependencies: [cogapp>=3.5]
 
 - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-  rev: v2.4.1
+  rev: 2ccb47ff45ad361a21071a7eedda4c37e6ae8c5a  # frozen: v2.4.2
   hooks:
   - id: codespell
     args: ["-w"]
@@ -83,14 +85,13 @@ repos:
 
 
 - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-  rev: 0.34.1
+  rev: 9f48a48aa91a6040d749ad68ec70907d907a5a7f  # frozen: 0.37.0
   hooks:
     - id: check-dependabot
     - id: check-github-actions
     - id: check-github-workflows
     - id: check-gitlab-ci
-    # Disabled due to schema issue for now:
+    - id: check-readthedocs
-    # - id: check-readthedocs
     - id: check-travis
     - id: check-jsonschema
       name: Check projects

.travis.yml

@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-os: linux
-dist: jammy
-language: python
-
-branches:
-  only:
-  - main
-
-# only build the main branch or PR that explicitely want to test with Travis CI
-if: (type = "push") OR (commit_message =~ /travis-ci/)
-
-jobs:
-  include:
-    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
-      services: docker
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        # a build using CIBW_ENABLE=all does not fit into Travis' time limit,
-        # so only the defaults are tested
-
-    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
-      services: docker
-      arch: arm64
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
-
-    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
-      services: docker
-      arch: ppc64le
-      allow_failure: True
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        # skip test_manylinuxXXXX_only, it uses too much disk space
-        # c.f. https://travis-ci.community/t/running-out-of-disk-space-quota-when-using-docker-on-ppc64le/11634
-        - PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "not test_manylinuxXXXX_only"'
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
-
-    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.12
-      os: windows
-      language: shell
-      before_install:
-        # http://woshub.com/updating-trusted-root-certificates-in-windows-10
-        - certutil -generateSSTFromWU roots.sst
-        - powershell -Command 'Get-ChildItem -Path roots.sst | Import-Certificate -CertStoreLocation Cert:\LocalMachine\Root'
-        - rm -f roots.sst
-        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.12.8 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python312"
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=C:\\Python312\\python
-        # a build using CIBW_ENABLE=all does not fit into Travis' time limit,
-        # so only the defaults are tested
-
-    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
-      services: docker
-      arch: s390x
-      allow_failure: True
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
-
-install:
-- if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "linux" ]; then docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all; fi
-- $PYTHON -m pip install -U pip
-- $PYTHON -m pip install -e. --group test
-
-script: |
-  # travis_wait disable the output while waiting
-  # use the same kind of tricks as in multibuild
-  (while true; do echo "travis_keep_alive"; sleep 300; done) &
-  SPINNER_PID=$!
-  disown
-  result=0
-  $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py --num-processes 2 || result=1
-  kill -9 ${SPINNER_PID}
-  test ${result} -eq 0

CI.md

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 This is a summary of the host Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
 
-|         | 3.11                             | 3.12                                        | 3.13           |
+|         | 3.11                             | 3.12                            | 3.13           | 3.14           |
-|---------|----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|----------------|
+|---------|----------------------------------|---------------------------------|----------------|----------------|
-| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ / Travis CI | GitHub Actions |
+| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ | GitHub Actions | GitHub Actions |
-| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  | CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹             | GitHub Actions |
+| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  | CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ | GitHub Actions |                |
-| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ / Travis CI             | GitHub Actions |
+| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | Cirrus CI / GitLab¹             | GitHub Actions |                |
 
 > ¹ Runs a reduced set of tests to reduce CI load
-
-Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.12.

LICENSE

@@ -1,24 +1,9 @@
-This project is licensed under the 'BSD 2-clause license'.
+Copyright 2017, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.
 
-Copyright (c) 2017-2025, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 
-Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 
-1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 
-2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS “AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
-and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
-AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
-DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
-SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
-CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
-OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ cibuildwheel
 [![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/cibuildwheel.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cibuildwheel)
 [![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/cibuildwheel/badge/?version=stable)](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/?badge=stable)
 [![Actions Status](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/workflows/Test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions)
-[![Travis Status](https://img.shields.io/travis/com/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=travis)](https://travis-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [![CircleCI Status](https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=circleci)](https://circleci.com/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [![Azure Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/pypa.cibuildwheel?branchName=main)](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=4&branchName=main)
 
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ cibuildwheel
 
 Python wheels are great. Building them across **Mac, Linux, Windows**, on **multiple versions of Python**, is not.
 
-`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, CircleCI, and GitLab CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.
+`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, CircleCI, and GitLab CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.
 
 
 What does it do?
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ While cibuildwheel itself requires a recent Python version to run (we support th
 <sup>⁵ manylinux armv7l support is experimental. As there are no RHEL based image for this architecture, it's using an Ubuntu based image instead.</sup><br>
 
 - Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS, and Windows wheels for CPython, PyPy, and GraalPy
-- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
+- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
 - Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS through [auditwheel](https://github.com/pypa/auditwheel) and [delocate](https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
 - Runs your library's tests against the wheel-installed version of your library
 
@@ -61,7 +60,6 @@ Usage
 |-----------------|-------|-------|---------|-----------|-----------|-------------|---------|-----|
 | GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       | ✅        | ✅        | ✅²         | ✅⁴      | ✅³  |
 | Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       |           | ✅        | ✅²         | ✅⁴      | ✅³  |
-| Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅        |           |             | ✅⁴      |     |
 | CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅        | ✅        |             | ✅⁴      | ✅³  |
 | Gitlab CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅¹       | ✅        |             | ✅⁴      | ✅³  |
 | Cirrus CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅        | ✅        |             | ✅⁴      |      |
@@ -93,13 +91,15 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, windows-11-arm, macos-15-intel, macos-latest]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       # Used to host cibuildwheel
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
 
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
 
       - name: Build wheels
         run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ jobs:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
         #   ...
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -126,6 +126,11 @@ The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platf
 
 <sup>Explore an interactive version of this diagram [in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/#how-it-works).</sup>
 
+> [!WARNING]
+> Building and testing wheels executes arbitrary code from your project and its dependencies. Although cibuildwheel uses OCI containers and Pyodide for some builds, these provide no security guarantees - the code you're building and testing has full access to the environment that's invoking cibuildwheel.
+>
+> If you cannot trust all the code that's pulled in, maintain good security hygiene: keep the job that builds distributions separate from the job that uploads them to PyPI, handle secrets and credentials with care and rotate them regularly, and follow the principle of least privilege when granting permissions. Do not store sensitive data on CI runners.
+
 
 <!--[[[cog from readme_options_table import get_table; print(get_table()) ]]]-->
 
@@ -184,9 +189,9 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
-| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
 | [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
@@ -195,9 +200,9 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
 [pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
-[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
+[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
 [Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
@@ -230,6 +235,33 @@ Changelog
 
 <!-- [[[cog from readme_changelog import mini_changelog; print(mini_changelog()) ]]] -->
 
+### v3.4.1
+
+_2 April 2026_
+
+- ⚠️ Building for the experimental CPython 3.13 free-threading variant is now deprecated. That functionality will be removed in the next minor release. The [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) option `cpython-freethreading` is therefore also deprecated. Builds specifying `enable = "all"` no longer select `cpython-freethreading`. CPython 3.14 free-threading support remains available without the `enable` flag. (#2787)
+- 🐛 iOS builds will no longer skip `repair-wheel-command` if it's defined in config (#2761)
+- 🐛 Fix bug causing `uv` to fail when environments define PYTHON_VERSION or UV_PYTHON, conflicting with our venvs (#2795)
+- ✨ cibuildwheel prints the selected build identifiers at the start of the build. (#2785)
+- 🔐 The GitHub Action now references other actions with a full SHA (#2744)
+
+### v3.4.0
+
+_5 March 2026_
+
+- 🌟 You can now build wheels using `uv` as a build frontend. This should improve performance, especially if your project has lots of build dependencies. To use, set [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) to `uv`. (#2322)
+- ⚠️ We no longer support running on Travis CI. It may continue working but we don't run tests there anymore so we can't be sure. (#2682)
+- ✨ Improvements to building rust wheels on Android (#2650)
+- 🐛 Fix bug with the GitHub Action on Windows, where PATH was getting unnecessarily changed, causing issues with meson builds. (#2723)
+- ✨ Add support for quiet setting on `build` and `uv` from the cibuildwheel `build-verbosity` setting. (#2737)
+- 📚 Docs updates, including guidance on using Meson on Windows (#2718)
+
+### v3.3.1
+
+_5 January 2026_
+
+- 🛠 Update dependencies and container pins, including updating to CPython 3.14.2. (#2708)
+
 ### v3.3.0
 
 _12 November 2025_
@@ -252,45 +284,7 @@ _12 October 2025_
 - 🐛 Fix the default MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET on Python 3.14 (#2613)
 - 📚 Docs improvements (#2617)
 
-### v3.2.0
+<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: NOLMd9iLDC) -->
-
-_22 September 2025_
-
-- ✨ Adds GraalPy v25 (Python 3.12) support (#2597)
-- 🛠 Update to CPython 3.14.0rc3 (#2602)
-- 🛠 Adds CPython 3.14.0 prerelease support for Android, and a number of improvements to Android builds (#2568, #2591)
-- 🛠 Improvements to testing on Android, passing environment markers when installing the venv, and providing more debug output when build-verbosity is set (#2575)
-- ⚠️ PyPy 3.10 was moved to `pypy-eol` in the `enable` option, as it is now end-of-life. (#2521)
-- 📚 Docs improvements (#2574, #2601, #2598)
-
-### v3.1.4
-
-_19 August 2025_
-
-- ✨ Add a `--clean-cache` command to clean up our cache (#2489)
-- 🛠 Update Python to 3.14rc2 and other patch version bumps (#2542, #2556)
-- 🛠 Update Pyodide to 0.28.2 (#2562, #2558)
-- 🐛 Fix resolution with `pyodide-build` when `dependency-versions` is set (#2548)
-- 🐛 Set `CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE` to `BOTH` on Android (#2547)
-- 🐛 Add `patchelf` dependency for platforms that can build Android wheels (#2552)
-- 🐛 Ignore empty values for `CIBW_ARCHS` like most other environment variables (#2541)
-- 💼 The `color` and `suggest_on_error` argparse options are now default in 3.14rc1+ (#2554)
-- 💼 Use the virtualenv release URL instead of blob URL (should be more robust) (#2555)
-- 🧪 For iOS, lowering to macos-14 is needed for now due to issues with GitHub's runner images (#2557)
-- 🧪 Split out platforms iOS and Android in our tests (#2519)
-- 🧪 Fix and enable doctests (#2546)
-- 📚 Improve our docs on free-threading (#2549)
-
-
-### v3.1.3
-
-_1 August 2025_
-
-- 🐛 Fix bug where "latest" dependencies couldn't update to pip 25.2 on Windows (#2537)
-- 🧪 Use pytest-rerunfailures to improve some of our iOS/Android tests (#2527, #2539)
-- 🧪 Remove some GraalPy Windows workarounds in our tests (#2501)
-
-<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: vS54piNR4b) -->
 
 ---
 

action.yml

@@ -28,17 +28,18 @@ branding:
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       id: python
       with:
-        python-version: "3.11 - 3.13"
+        python-version: "3.11 - 3.14"
         update-environment: false
 
     - id: cibw
       run: |
-        # Install cibuildwheel
+        # Install cibuildwheel and build the command line
-        "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" -u << "EOF"
+        "$PYTHON" -u << "EOF"
         import os
+        import shlex
         import shutil
         import sys
         import venv
@@ -46,9 +47,7 @@ runs:
         from pathlib import Path
         from subprocess import run
 
-        EXTRAS = set(e.strip() for e in "${{ inputs.extras }}".split(",") if e.strip())
+        EXTRAS = set(e.strip() for e in os.environ.get("INPUT_EXTRAS", "").split(",") if e.strip())
-        if sys.platform == "linux":
-            EXTRAS.discard("uv")
 
 
         class EnvBuilder(venv.EnvBuilder):
@@ -61,59 +60,88 @@ runs:
             def post_setup(self, context):
                 super().post_setup(context)
                 self.bin_path = Path(context.env_exe).parent
-                install_spec = r"${{ github.action_path }}"
+                install_spec = os.environ["GITHUB_ACTION_PATH"]
                 if EXTRAS:
                     install_spec += f"[{','.join(sorted(EXTRAS))}]"
                 run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "--python", context.env_exe, "install", install_spec], check=True)
 
 
         print("::group::Install cibuildwheel")
-        venv_path = Path(r"${{ runner.temp }}") / "cibw"
+        venv_path = Path(os.environ["RUNNER_TEMP"]) / "cibw"
         if venv_path.exists():
             shutil.rmtree(venv_path)
+
         builder = EnvBuilder()
         builder.create(venv_path)
         exposed_binaries = {"cibuildwheel"}
+
         if "uv" in EXTRAS:
             exposed_binaries.add("uv")
         clean_bin_path = builder.bin_path.parent / f"{builder.bin_path.name}.clean"
         clean_bin_path.mkdir()
+
         for path in list(builder.bin_path.iterdir()):
             if path.stem in exposed_binaries:
                 try:
                     os.symlink(path, clean_bin_path / path.name)
                 except OSError:
-                    import shutil
-
                     shutil.copy2(path, clean_bin_path / path.name)
-        full_path = f"{clean_bin_path}{os.pathsep}{os.environ['PATH']}"
+
+        cibw_bin = [p for p in builder.bin_path.glob("cibuildwheel*") if p.stem == "cibuildwheel"][0]
+
+        # Build the command line
+        cmd_args = [str(cibw_bin), os.environ["INPUT_PACKAGE_DIR"]]
+
+        if output_dir := os.environ.get("INPUT_OUTPUT_DIR"):
+            cmd_args += ["--output-dir", output_dir]
+
+        if config_file := os.environ.get("INPUT_CONFIG_FILE"):
+            cmd_args += ["--config-file", config_file]
+
+        if only := os.environ.get("INPUT_ONLY"):
+            cmd_args += ["--only", only]
+
+        cmd_bash = shlex.join(cmd_args)
+
+        def pwsh_quote(text):
+            # Wrap in single quotes and double-up any existing single quotes
+            return "'" + str(text).replace("'", "''") + "'"
+
+        # Prepend '& ' so PowerShell executes the quoted binary path
+        cmd_pwsh = "& " + " ".join(pwsh_quote(arg) for arg in cmd_args)
+
         with open(os.environ["GITHUB_OUTPUT"], "at") as f:
-            f.write(f"updated-path={full_path}\n")
+            f.write(f"prepend-path={clean_bin_path}\n")
+            f.write(f"cmd-bash={cmd_bash}\n")
+            f.write(f"cmd-pwsh={cmd_pwsh}\n")
+
         print("::endgroup::")
         EOF
       shell: bash
+      env:
+        PYTHON: ${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}
+        INPUT_PACKAGE_DIR: ${{ inputs.package-dir }}
+        INPUT_OUTPUT_DIR: ${{ inputs.output-dir }}
+        INPUT_CONFIG_FILE: ${{ inputs.config-file }}
+        INPUT_ONLY: ${{ inputs.only }}
+        INPUT_EXTRAS: ${{ inputs.extras }}
 
     # Redirecting stderr to stdout to fix interleaving issue in Actions.
-    - run: >
+    - run: |
-        cibuildwheel
+        export PATH="$CIBW_PREPEND_PATH:$PATH"
-        "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
+        eval "$CIBW_CMD_BASH" 2>&1
-        ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
-        2>&1
-      env:
-        PATH: "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.updated-path }}"
       shell: bash
       if: runner.os != 'Windows'
+      env:
+        CIBW_PREPEND_PATH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.prepend-path }}
+        CIBW_CMD_BASH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cmd-bash }}
 
     # Windows needs powershell to interact nicely with Meson
-    - run: >
+    - run: |
-        cibuildwheel
+        $env:PATH = "$env:CIBW_PREPEND_PATH;$env:PATH"
-        "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
+        Invoke-Expression $env:CIBW_CMD_PWSH
-        ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
-      env:
-        PATH: "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.updated-path }}"
       shell: pwsh
       if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      env:
+        CIBW_PREPEND_PATH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.prepend-path }}
+        CIBW_CMD_PWSH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cmd-pwsh }}

bin/bump_version.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 # /// script
-# dependencies = ["click", "packaging"]
+# dependencies = ["click", "packaging", "prek"]
 # ///
 
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
     # run pre-commit to update the README changelog
     subprocess.run(
         [
-            "pre-commit",
+            "prek",
             "run",
             "--files=docs/changelog.md",
         ],
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
     # run pre-commit to check that no errors occurred on the second run
     subprocess.run(
         [
-            "pre-commit",
+            "prek",
             "run",
             "--files=docs/changelog.md",
         ],

bin/generate_schema.py

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ $defs:
     description: How to inherit the parent's value.
   enable:
     enum:
-      - cpython-experimental-riscv64
       - cpython-freethreading
       - cpython-prerelease
       - graalpy
@@ -58,21 +57,23 @@ properties:
     type: string_array
   build-frontend:
     default: default
-    description: Set the tool to use to build, either "build" (default), "build[uv]", or "pip"
+    description: Set the tool to use to build, either "build" (default), "build[uv]", "uv", or "pip"
     oneOf:
-      - enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", default]
+      - enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", uv, default]
       - type: string
         pattern: '^pip; ?args:'
       - type: string
         pattern: '^build; ?args:'
       - type: string
         pattern: '^build\\[uv\\]; ?args:'
+      - type: string
+        pattern: '^uv; ?args:'
       - type: object
         additionalProperties: false
         required: [name]
         properties:
           name:
-            enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]"]
+            enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", uv]
           args:
             type: array
             items:

bin/run_example_ci_configs.py

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import click
 
 DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
 
+BuildBackend = typing.Literal["setuptools", "meson"]
+
 
 def shell(cmd: str, *, check: bool, **kwargs: object) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
     return subprocess.run([cmd], shell=True, check=check, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[call-overload, no-any-return]
@@ -27,11 +29,17 @@ def git_repo_has_changes() -> bool:
     return unstaged_changes or staged_changes
 
 
-def generate_basic_project(path: Path) -> None:
+def generate_project(path: Path, build_backend: BuildBackend) -> None:
     sys.path.insert(0, "")
-    from test.test_projects.c import new_c_project  # noqa: PLC0415
+    match build_backend:
+        case "meson":
+            from test.test_projects.meson import new_meson_project as new_project  # noqa: PLC0415
+        case "setuptools":
+            from test.test_projects.setuptools import new_c_project as new_project  # noqa: PLC0415
+        case _:
+            typing.assert_never(build_backend)
 
-    project = new_c_project()
+    project = new_project()
     project.generate(path)
 
 
@@ -39,10 +47,10 @@ class CIService(typing.NamedTuple):
     name: str
     dst_config_path: str
     badge_md: str
-    config_file_transform: typing.Callable[[str], str] = lambda x: x  # identity by default
+    config_file_transform: typing.Callable[[str, str], str] = lambda x, _: x  # identity by default
 
 
-def github_config_file_transform(content: str) -> str:
+def github_config_file_transform(content: str, git_ref: str) -> str:
     # one of the the github configs only builds on main, so we need to remove that restriction
     # so our example build will run on the test branch.
     #
@@ -61,6 +69,22 @@ def github_config_file_transform(content: str) -> str:
         "push:",
         content,
     )
+
+    # use the version of cibuildwheel from the current commit, not the latest
+    # release
+    # replace:
+    # """
+    # uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.1
+    # """
+    # with:
+    # """
+    # uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@<latest commit hash>
+    # """
+    content = re.sub(
+        r"uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v.*",
+        f"uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@{git_ref}",
+        content,
+    )
     return content
 
 
@@ -110,20 +134,23 @@ def ci_service_for_config_file(config_file: Path) -> CIService:
 
 @click.command()
 @click.argument("config_files", nargs=-1, type=click.Path())
-def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
+@click.option("--build-backend", type=click.Choice(["setuptools", "meson"]), default="setuptools")
+def run_example_ci_configs(
+    config_files: list[str], build_backend: BuildBackend = "setuptools"
+) -> None:
     """
     Test the example configs. If no files are specified, will test
     examples/*-minimal.yml
     """
 
     if len(config_files) == 0:
-        config_files = Path("examples").glob("*-minimal.yml")
+        config_file_paths = list(Path("examples").glob("*-minimal.yml"))
     else:
-        config_files = [Path(f) for f in config_files]
+        config_file_paths = [Path(f) for f in config_files]
 
     # check each CI service has at most 1 config file
     configs_by_service = set()
-    for config_file in config_files:
+    for config_file in config_file_paths:
         service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
         if service.name in configs_by_service:
             msg = "You cannot specify more than one config per CI service"
@@ -137,6 +164,9 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
     previous_branch = shell(
         "git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD", check=True, capture_output=True, encoding="utf8"
     ).stdout.strip()
+    git_ref = shell(
+        "git rev-parse HEAD", check=True, capture_output=True, encoding="utf8"
+    ).stdout.strip()
 
     timestamp = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H-%M-%S", time.gmtime())
     branch_name = f"example-config-test---{previous_branch}-{timestamp}"
@@ -145,16 +175,16 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
         shell(f"git checkout --orphan {branch_name}", check=True)
 
         example_project = Path("example_root")
-        generate_basic_project(example_project)
+        generate_project(example_project, build_backend=build_backend)
 
-        for config_file in config_files:
+        for config_file in config_file_paths:
             service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
             dst_config_file = example_project / service.dst_config_path
 
             dst_config_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
             contents = config_file.read_text(encoding="utf8")
-            contents = service.config_file_transform(contents)
+            contents = service.config_file_transform(contents, git_ref)
             dst_config_file.write_text(contents, encoding="utf8")
 
         subprocess.run(["git", "add", example_project], check=True)
@@ -178,14 +208,14 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
         print("> ")
         print("> | Service | Config | Status |")
         print("> |---|---|---|")
-        for config_file in config_files:
+        for config_file in config_file_paths:
             service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
             badge = service.badge_md.format(
                 branch=branch_name, branch_escaped=quote(branch_name, safe="")
             )
             print(f"> | {service.name} | `{config_file}` | {badge} |")
         print("> ")
-        print("> Generated by `bin/run_example_ci_config.py`")
+        print(f"> Generated by `{' '.join(sys.argv)}`")
         print()
         print("---")
     finally:

bin/update_pythons.py

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
 
         self.releases = [r for r in releases if "graalpy_version" in r and "python_version" in r]
 
-    def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl:
+    def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl | None:
         if "x86_64" in identifier or "amd64" in identifier:
             arch = "x86_64"
         elif "arm64" in identifier or "aarch64" in identifier:
@@ -126,14 +126,14 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
             msg = f"{identifier} not supported yet on GraalPy"
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
-        gpspec_str = identifier.split("-")[0].split("_")[1]
+        gpspec_str = identifier.split("-", maxsplit=1)[0].split("_")[1]
         if "." not in gpspec_str and len(gpspec_str) == 3:
             gpspec_str = gpspec_str[:2] + "." + gpspec_str[-1]
         gpspec = Specifier(f"=={gpspec_str}.*")
 
-        releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
+        releases_tmp = (r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"]))
-        releases = [r for r in self.releases if gpspec.contains(r["graalpy_version"])]
+        releases_tmp = (r for r in releases_tmp if gpspec.contains(r["graalpy_version"]))
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["graalpy_version"])
+        releases = sorted(releases_tmp, key=lambda r: r["graalpy_version"])
 
         if not releases:
             msg = f"GraalPy {arch} not found for {spec}!"
@@ -155,18 +155,20 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
 
         arch = "amd64" if arch == "x86_64" else "aarch64"
         ext = "zip" if "win" in identifier else "tar.gz"
-        (url,) = (
+        urls = [
             rf["browser_download_url"]
             for rf in release["assets"]
             if rf["name"].endswith(f"{platform}-{arch}.{ext}")
             and rf["name"].startswith(f"graalpy-{gpversion.major}")
-        )
+        ]
-
+        if urls:
-        return ConfigUrl(
+            (url,) = urls
-            identifier=identifier,
+            return ConfigUrl(
-            version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
+                identifier=identifier,
-            url=url,
+                version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
-        )
+                url=url,
+            )
+        return None
 
 
 class PyPyVersions:
@@ -264,9 +266,11 @@ class CPythonVersions:
 
             # Removing the prefix
             version = Version(release["name"].removeprefix("Python "))
+            self.versions_dict[version] = release["resource_uri"]
 
-            uri = int(release["resource_uri"].rstrip("/").split("/")[-1])
+        files_response = requests.get("https://www.python.org/api/v2/downloads/release_file/")
-            self.versions_dict[version] = uri
+        files_response.raise_for_status()
+        self.files_info = files_response.json()
 
     def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier, file_ident: str) -> ConfigUrl | None:
         # see note above on Specifier.filter
@@ -276,13 +280,9 @@ class CPythonVersions:
         for new_version in sorted_versions:
             # Find the first patch version that contains the requested file
             uri = self.versions_dict[new_version]
-            response = requests.get(
+            files = [rf for rf in self.files_info if rf["release"] == uri]
-                f"https://www.python.org/api/v2/downloads/release_file/?release={uri}"
-            )
-            response.raise_for_status()
-            file_info = response.json()
 
-            urls = [rf["url"] for rf in file_info if file_ident in rf["url"]]
+            urls = [rf["url"] for rf in files if file_ident in rf["url"]]
             if urls:
                 return ConfigUrl(
                     identifier=identifier,
@@ -449,6 +449,8 @@ class AllVersions:
                 elif "macosx_arm64" in identifier:
                     config_update = self.macos_pypy_arm64.update_version_macos(spec)
             elif identifier.startswith("gp"):
+                if "macosx_x86_64" in identifier:
+                    return
                 config_update = self.graalpy.update_version(identifier, spec)
         elif "t-win32" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
             config_update = self.windows_t_32.update_version_windows(spec)

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "3.3.0"
+__version__ = "3.4.1"

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import argparse
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
+import functools
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@ from tempfile import mkdtemp
 from typing import Any, Literal, TextIO
 
 import cibuildwheel
-import cibuildwheel.util
 from cibuildwheel import errors
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, allowed_architectures_check
 from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class Unbuffered:
         self.stream.writelines(data)
         self.stream.flush()
 
-    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:  # noqa: ANN401
         return getattr(self.stream, attr)
 
 
@@ -78,8 +78,13 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
     `main_inner` is the same as `main`, but it raises FatalError exceptions
     rather than exiting directly.
     """
+    # Default in 3.15+, only needed on 3.14
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+        arg_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, suggest_on_error=True)
+    else:
+        arg_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    parser = arg_parser(
         description="Build wheels for all the platforms.",
         epilog="""
             Most options are supplied via environment variables or in
@@ -426,17 +431,17 @@ def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: Sequence[str])
         msg = "\n".join(error_list)
         raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
 
+    n = len(identifiers)
+    print(f"{n} build{'s' if n != 1 else ''} selected:")
+    print(", ".join(identifiers))
+    print()
     print("Here we go!\n")
 
 
 def detect_errors(*, options: Options, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
     # Check for deprecated CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT environment variable
     if "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT" in os.environ:
-        yield (
+        yield "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT environment variable is no longer supported."
-            "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT environment variable is no longer supported. "
-            'Use tool.cibuildwheel.enable = ["cpython-freethreading"] in pyproject.toml '
-            "or set CIBW_ENABLE=cpython-freethreading instead."
-        )
 
     # Deprecated {python} and {pip}
     for option_name in ["test_command", "before_build"]:
@@ -463,9 +468,9 @@ def detect_warnings(*, options: Options) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
     build_selector = options.globals.build_selector
     test_selector = options.globals.test_selector
 
-    if EnableGroup.CPythonExperimentalRiscV64 in build_selector.enable:
+    if EnableGroup.CPythonFreeThreading in build_selector.enable:
         yield (
-            "'cpython-experimental-riscv64' enable is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. "
+            "'cpython-freethreading' enable is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. "
             "It should be removed from tool.cibuildwheel.enable in pyproject.toml "
             "or CIBW_ENABLE environment variable."
         )

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -6,11 +6,10 @@ import sys
 import typing
 from collections.abc import Set
 from enum import StrEnum, auto
-from typing import Final, Literal
+from typing import Final, Literal, Self
 
 from cibuildwheel import errors
-
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PlatformName
-from .typing import PlatformName
 
 PRETTY_NAMES: Final[dict[PlatformName, str]] = {
     "linux": "Linux",
@@ -83,34 +82,34 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
     arm64_iphonesimulator = auto()
     x86_64_iphonesimulator = auto()
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def parse_config(cls, config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Self]:
         result = set()
         for arch_str in re.split(r"[\s,]+", config):
             match arch_str:
                 case "auto":
-                    result |= Architecture.auto_archs(platform=platform)
+                    result |= cls.auto_archs(platform=platform)
                 case "native":
-                    if native_arch := Architecture.native_arch(platform=platform):
+                    if native_arch := cls.native_arch(platform=platform):
                         result.add(native_arch)
                 case "all":
-                    result |= Architecture.all_archs(platform=platform)
+                    result |= cls.all_archs(platform=platform)
                 case "auto64":
-                    result |= Architecture.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="64")
+                    result |= cls.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="64")
                 case "auto32":
-                    result |= Architecture.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="32")
+                    result |= cls.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="32")
                 case _:
                     try:
-                        result.add(Architecture(arch_str))
+                        result.add(cls(arch_str))
                     except ValueError as e:
                         msg = f"Invalid architecture '{arch_str}'"
                         raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
         return result
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def native_arch(platform: PlatformName) -> "Architecture | None":
+    def native_arch(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> Self | None:
         native_machine = platform_module.machine()
-        native_architecture = Architecture(native_machine)
+        native_architecture = cls(native_machine)
 
         # Cross-platform support. Used for --print-build-identifiers or docker builds.
         host_platform: PlatformName = (
@@ -120,15 +119,15 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
         )
 
         if platform == "pyodide":
-            return Architecture.wasm32
+            return cls.wasm32
         elif platform == "ios":
             # Can only build for iOS on macOS. The "native" architecture is the
             # simulator for the macOS native platform.
             if host_platform == "macos":
-                if native_architecture == Architecture.x86_64:
+                if native_architecture == cls.x86_64:
-                    return Architecture.x86_64_iphonesimulator
+                    return cls.x86_64_iphonesimulator
                 else:
-                    return Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator
+                    return cls.arm64_iphonesimulator
             else:
                 return None
 
@@ -140,64 +139,64 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
                 # can't build anything on this platform
                 return None
 
-            native_architecture = Architecture(synonym)
+            native_architecture = cls(synonym)
 
         return native_architecture
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def auto_archs(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Self]:
-        native_arch = Architecture.native_arch(platform)
+        native_arch = cls.native_arch(platform)
         if native_arch is None:
             return set()  # can't build anything on this platform
         result = {native_arch}
 
         match platform:
-            case "windows" if Architecture.AMD64 in result:
+            case "windows" if cls.AMD64 in result:
-                result.add(Architecture.x86)
+                result.add(cls.x86)
-            case "ios" if native_arch == Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator:
+            case "ios" if native_arch == cls.arm64_iphonesimulator:
                 # Also build the device wheel if we're on ARM64.
-                result.add(Architecture.arm64_iphoneos)
+                result.add(cls.arm64_iphoneos)
 
         return result
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def all_archs(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Self]:
         all_archs_map = {
             "linux": {
-                Architecture.x86_64,
+                cls.x86_64,
-                Architecture.i686,
+                cls.i686,
-                Architecture.aarch64,
+                cls.aarch64,
-                Architecture.ppc64le,
+                cls.ppc64le,
-                Architecture.s390x,
+                cls.s390x,
-                Architecture.armv7l,
+                cls.armv7l,
-                Architecture.riscv64,
+                cls.riscv64,
             },
-            "macos": {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64, Architecture.universal2},
+            "macos": {cls.x86_64, cls.arm64, cls.universal2},
-            "windows": {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64, Architecture.ARM64},
+            "windows": {cls.x86, cls.AMD64, cls.ARM64},
-            "pyodide": {Architecture.wasm32},
+            "pyodide": {cls.wasm32},
-            "android": {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64_v8a},
+            "android": {cls.x86_64, cls.arm64_v8a},
             "ios": {
-                Architecture.x86_64_iphonesimulator,
+                cls.x86_64_iphonesimulator,
-                Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator,
+                cls.arm64_iphonesimulator,
-                Architecture.arm64_iphoneos,
+                cls.arm64_iphoneos,
             },
         }
         return all_archs_map[platform]
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def bitness_archs(cls, platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> set[Self]:
         # This map maps 64-bit architectures to their 32-bit equivalents.
         archs_map = {
-            Architecture.x86_64: Architecture.i686,
+            cls.x86_64: cls.i686,
-            Architecture.AMD64: Architecture.x86,
+            cls.AMD64: cls.x86,
-            Architecture.aarch64: Architecture.armv7l,
+            cls.aarch64: cls.armv7l,
         }
-        native_arch = Architecture.native_arch(platform)
+        native_arch = cls.native_arch(platform)
 
         if native_arch is None:
             return set()  # can't build anything on this platform
 
-        if native_arch == Architecture.wasm32:
+        if native_arch == cls.wasm32:
             return {native_arch} if bitness == "32" else set()
 
         match bitness:
@@ -207,7 +206,7 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
                 if native_arch in archs_map.values():
                     return {native_arch}
                 elif native_arch in archs_map and platform in {"linux", "windows"}:
-                    if native_arch == Architecture.aarch64 and not _check_aarch32_el0():
+                    if native_arch == cls.aarch64 and not _check_aarch32_el0():
                         # If we're on aarch64, skip if we cannot build armv7l wheels.
                         return set()
                     return {archs_map[native_arch]}

cibuildwheel/ci.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import os
 import re
 from enum import Enum
 
-from .util.helpers import strtobool
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import strtobool
 
 ANSI_CODE_REGEX = re.compile(r"(\033\[[0-9;]*m)")
 

cibuildwheel/environment.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from typing import Any, Protocol
 import bashlex
 import bashlex.errors
 
-from . import bashlex_eval
+from cibuildwheel import bashlex_eval
 
 
 class EnvironmentParseError(Exception):
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class ParsedEnvironment:
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({[repr(a) for a in self.assignments]!r})"
 
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> list[EnvironmentAssignment]:
         return self.assignments
 
 

cibuildwheel/extra.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def github_api_request(path: str, *, max_retries: int = 3) -> dict[str, Any]:
             # pylint: disable=E1101
             if (
                 isinstance(e, urllib.error.HTTPError)
-                and (e.code == 403 or e.code == 429)
+                and (e.code in {403, 429})
                 and e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-remaining") == "0"
             ):
                 reset_time = int(e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-reset", 0))

cibuildwheel/frontend.py

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import typing
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from typing import Literal, Self, get_args
 
-from .logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from .util.helpers import parse_key_value_string
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import parse_key_value_string
 
-BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]"]
+BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]", "uv"]
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ class BuildFrontendConfig:
             return {"name": self.name, "args": repr(self.args)}
 
 
-def _get_verbosity_flags(level: int, frontend: BuildFrontendName) -> list[str]:
+def _get_verbosity_flags(level: int, frontend: BuildFrontendName, *, py38: bool) -> list[str]:
     if level < 0:
-        if frontend == "pip":
+        if frontend.startswith("build") and py38:
-            return ["-" + -level * "q"]
+            msg = f"build_verbosity {level} is not supported for {frontend} frontend. Ignoring."
-
+            log.warning(msg)
-        msg = f"build_verbosity {level} is not supported for {frontend} frontend. Ignoring."
+            return []
-        log.warning(msg)
+        return ["-" + -level * "q"]
 
     if level > 0:
         if frontend == "pip":
@@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ def parse_config_settings(config_settings_str: str) -> dict[str, str | list[str]
 
 
 def get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig, verbosity_level: int, config_settings: str
+    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig, verbosity_level: int, config_settings: str, *, py38: bool
 ) -> list[str]:
     return [
         *_split_config_settings(config_settings),
         *build_frontend.args,
-        *_get_verbosity_flags(verbosity_level, build_frontend.name),
+        *_get_verbosity_flags(verbosity_level, build_frontend.name, py38=py38),
     ]

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, AnyStr, Final, Literal
 
 import humanize
 
-from .ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, filter_ansi_codes
+from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, filter_ansi_codes
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from .options import Options
+    from cibuildwheel.options import Options
 
 FoldPattern = tuple[str, str]
 DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN: Final[FoldPattern] = ("{name}", "")

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import IO, Literal, Self, assert_never
 
-from .ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
+from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
-from .errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
+from cibuildwheel.errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
-from .logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from .typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
-from .util.cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
-from .util.helpers import FlexibleVersion, parse_key_value_string, strtobool
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import FlexibleVersion, parse_key_value_string, strtobool
 
 ContainerEngineName = Literal["docker", "podman"]
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class OCIPlatform(Enum):
     S390X = "linux/s390x"
 
     @classmethod
-    def native(cls) -> "OCIPlatform":
+    def native(cls) -> Self:
         """Return the current OCI platform, or raise ValueError if unknown."""
         arch = platform.machine().lower()
         mapping = {

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@ from typing import Any, Final, Literal, Self, assert_never
 
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 
-from . import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from .architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
-from .frontend import BuildFrontendConfig
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendConfig
-from .logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from .oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
+from cibuildwheel.oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
-from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, resolve_dependency_groups
+from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, resolve_dependency_groups
-from .selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, TestSelector, selector_matches
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, TestSelector, selector_matches
-from .typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
-from .util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from .util.helpers import format_safe, parse_key_value_string, strtobool, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import format_safe, parse_key_value_string, strtobool, unwrap
-from .util.packaging import DependencyConstraints
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import DependencyConstraints
 
 MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
     "x86_64",
@@ -686,6 +686,8 @@ class Options:
             skip_config = ""
             architectures = Architecture.all_archs(self.platform)
             enable |= EnableGroup.all_groups()
+            if args.only.startswith("cp313t-"):
+                enable.add(EnableGroup.CPythonFreeThreading)
 
         build_selector = BuildSelector(
             build_config=build_config,
@@ -987,8 +989,8 @@ class Options:
     def option_summary(
         self,
         option_name: str,
-        option_value: Any,
+        option_value: Any,  # noqa: ANN401
-        default_value: Any,
+        default_value: Any,  # noqa: ANN401
         overrides: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
         skip_unset: bool = False,
     ) -> str | None:
@@ -1040,7 +1042,7 @@ class Options:
             return value
 
     @staticmethod
-    def option_summary_value(option_value: Any) -> str:
+    def option_summary_value(option_value: Any) -> str:  # noqa: ANN401
         if hasattr(option_value, "options_summary"):
             option_value = option_value.options_summary()
 

cibuildwheel/platforms/__init__.py

@@ -1,19 +1,14 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import sys
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Final, Protocol
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Final, Protocol
 
 from cibuildwheel import errors
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
 from cibuildwheel.platforms import android, ios, linux, macos, pyodide, windows
-
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
+from cibuildwheel.typing import GenericPythonConfiguration, PlatformName
-    from collections.abc import Sequence
-    from pathlib import Path
-
-    from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-    from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-    from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-    from cibuildwheel.typing import GenericPythonConfiguration, PlatformName
 
 
 class PlatformModule(Protocol):

cibuildwheel/platforms/android.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sysconfig
-from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, MutableMapping
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from os.path import relpath
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -22,19 +22,19 @@ from elftools.common.exceptions import ELFError
 from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from .. import errors, platforms  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
+from cibuildwheel import errors, platforms  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
-from ..architecture import Architecture, arch_synonym
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, arch_synonym
-from ..frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags, parse_config_settings
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags, parse_config_settings
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..options import BuildOptions, Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
-from ..util.python_build_standalone import create_python_build_standalone_environment
+from cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone import create_python_build_standalone_environment
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
 ANDROID_TRIPLET = {
     "arm64_v8a": "aarch64-linux-android",
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ def setup_env(
     """
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
     build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend.name
-    use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]"
+    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
     uv_path = find_uv()
     if use_uv and uv_path is None:
         msg = "uv not found"
@@ -228,8 +228,8 @@ def setup_env(
     android_env = setup_android_env(config, python_dir, venv_dir, build_env)
 
     # Install build tools
-    if build_frontend not in {"build", "build[uv]"}:
+    if build_frontend not in {"build", "build[uv]", "uv"}:
-        msg = "Android requires the build frontend to be 'build'"
+        msg = "Android requires the build frontend to be 'build' or 'uv'"
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
     call(*pip, "install", "build", *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint), env=build_env)
 
@@ -390,6 +390,9 @@ def setup_android_env(
     for key in ["CFLAGS", "CXXFLAGS"]:
         android_env[key] += " " + opt
 
+    # Cargo target linker needs to be specified after CC is set
+    setup_rust(config, python_dir, android_env)
+
     # Format the environment so it can be pasted into a shell when debugging.
     for key, value in sorted(android_env.items()):
         if os.environ.get(key) != value:
@@ -398,6 +401,34 @@ def setup_android_env(
     return android_env
 
 
+def setup_rust(
+    config: PythonConfiguration,
+    python_dir: Path,
+    env: MutableMapping[str, str],
+) -> None:
+    cargo_target = android_triplet(config.identifier)
+
+    # CARGO_BUILD_TARGET is the variable used by Cargo and setuptools_rust
+    env["CARGO_BUILD_TARGET"] = cargo_target
+
+    # The linker needs to be specified after CC is set by android-env.sh
+    cargo_target_linker_env_name = f"CARGO_TARGET_{cargo_target.upper().replace('-', '_')}_LINKER"
+    # CC has already been set by calling android.py (it calls android-env.sh)
+    env[cargo_target_linker_env_name] = env["CC"]
+
+    # All Python extension modules must be explicitly linked against libpython3.x.so when building for Android.
+    # See: https://peps.python.org/pep-0738/#linkage
+    # For projects using PyO3, this requires setting PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR to the directory containing libpython3.x.so.
+    # See: https://pyo3.rs/v0.27.1/building-and-distribution.html#cross-compiling
+    env["PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR"] = str(python_dir / "prefix" / "lib")
+
+    venv_bin = Path(env["VIRTUAL_ENV"]) / "bin"
+    for tool in ["cargo", "rustup"]:
+        shim_path = venv_bin / tool
+        shutil.copy(resources.PATH / "_rust_shim.py", shim_path)
+        shim_path.chmod(0o755)
+
+
 def before_build(state: BuildState) -> None:
     if state.options.before_build:
         log.step("Running before_build...")
@@ -411,22 +442,46 @@ def before_build(state: BuildState) -> None:
 def build_wheel(state: BuildState) -> Path:
     log.step("Building wheel...")
     built_wheel_dir = state.build_path / "built_wheel"
-    call(
+    match state.options.build_frontend.name:
-        "python",
+        case "build" | "build[uv]":
-        "-m",
+            call(
-        "build",
+                "python",
-        state.options.package_dir,
+                "-m",
-        "--wheel",
+                "build",
-        "--no-isolation",
+                state.options.package_dir,
-        "--skip-dependency-check",
+                "--wheel",
-        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                "--no-isolation",
-        *get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
+                "--skip-dependency-check",
-            state.options.build_frontend,
+                f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-            state.options.build_verbosity,
+                *get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-            state.options.config_settings,
+                    state.options.build_frontend,
-        ),
+                    state.options.build_verbosity,
-        env=state.android_env,
+                    state.options.config_settings,
-    )
+                    py38=False,
+                ),
+                env=state.android_env,
+            )
+        case "uv":
+            uv_path = find_uv()
+            assert uv_path is not None
+            call(
+                uv_path,
+                "build",
+                state.options.package_dir,
+                "--wheel",
+                "--no-build-isolation",
+                f"--out-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                *get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
+                    state.options.build_frontend,
+                    state.options.build_verbosity,
+                    state.options.config_settings,
+                    py38=False,
+                ),
+                env=state.android_env,
+            )
+        case x:
+            msg = f"Invalid build backend {x!r}"
+            raise AssertionError(msg)
 
     built_wheels = list(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
     if len(built_wheels) != 1:
@@ -634,7 +689,7 @@ def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path, *, build_frontend: str) -> None:
         )
 
     # Android doesn't support placeholders in the test command.
-    if any(("{" + placeholder + "}") in test_command for placeholder in ["project", "package"]):
+    if any(("{" + placeholder + "}") in test_command for placeholder in ("project", "package")):
         msg = (
             f"Test command {test_command!r} with a "
             "'{project}' or '{package}' placeholder is not supported on Android, "
@@ -644,12 +699,12 @@ def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path, *, build_frontend: str) -> None:
 
     # Parse test-command.
     test_args = shlex.split(test_command)
-    if test_args[0] in ["python", "python3"] and any(arg in test_args for arg in ["-c", "-m"]):
+    if test_args[0] in {"python", "python3"} and any(arg in test_args for arg in ("-c", "-m")):
         # Forward the args to the CPython testbed script. We require '-c' or '-m'
         # to be in the command, because without those flags, the testbed script
         # will prepend '-m test', which will run Python's own test suite.
         del test_args[0]
-    elif test_args[0] in ["pytest"]:
+    elif test_args[0] == "pytest":
         # We transform some commands into the `python -m` form, but this is deprecated.
         msg = (
             f"Test command {test_command!r} is not supported on Android. "

cibuildwheel/platforms/ios.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import dataclasses
 import os
 import platform
@@ -8,39 +6,26 @@ import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
+from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, assert_never
+from typing import assert_never
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..frontend import (
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-    BuildFrontendName,
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-    get_build_frontend_extra_flags,
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-)
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.platforms.macos import install_cpython as install_build_cpython
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell, split_command
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util.file import (
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell, split_command
-    copy_test_sources,
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
-    download,
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-    move_file,
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
-)
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import (
-    find_compatible_wheel,
-)
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
-from .macos import install_cpython as install_build_cpython
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
-
-    from ..architecture import Architecture
-    from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-    from ..options import Options
-    from ..selector import BuildSelector
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
@@ -284,7 +269,8 @@ def setup_python(
     build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
     xbuild_tools: Sequence[str] | None,
 ) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
-    if build_frontend == "build[uv]":
+    # Not using set because mypy can't narrow it
+    if build_frontend == "build[uv]" or build_frontend == "uv":  # noqa: PLR1714
         msg = "uv doesn't support iOS"
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
@@ -441,7 +427,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
             build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
             # uv doesn't support iOS
-            if build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
+            # Not using set because mypy can't narrow it
+            if build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" or build_frontend.name == "uv":  # noqa: PLR1714
                 msg = "uv doesn't support iOS"
                 raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
@@ -450,6 +437,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
             identifier_tmp_dir.mkdir()
             built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
+            repaired_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
 
             constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
                 version=config.version, tmp_dir=identifier_tmp_dir
@@ -487,7 +475,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
                 extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                    build_frontend,
+                    build_options.build_verbosity,
+                    build_options.config_settings,
+                    py38=False,
                 )
 
                 match build_frontend.name:
@@ -520,11 +511,36 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     case _:
                         assert_never(build_frontend)
 
-                test_wheel = built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
                 if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                     raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
 
+                repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
+                if build_options.repair_command:
+                    log.step("Repairing wheel...")
+
+                    repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
+                        build_options.repair_command,
+                        wheel=built_wheel,
+                        dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        project=".",
+                    )
+                    shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
+                else:
+                    shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
+
+                try:
+                    repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.RepairStepProducedNoWheelError() from None
+
+                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
+                    raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
+
+                test_wheel = repaired_wheel
+
                 log.step_end()
 
             if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
@@ -692,11 +708,11 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             # We're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
             output_wheel: Path | None = None
             if compatible_wheel is None:
-                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(built_wheel.name)
+                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(repaired_wheel.name)
-                moved_wheel = move_file(built_wheel, output_wheel)
+                moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
                 if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
                     log.warning(
-                        f"{built_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
+                        f"{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
                     )
                 built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
 

cibuildwheel/platforms/linux.py

@@ -8,20 +8,20 @@ from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, assert_never
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
+from cibuildwheel.oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
-from ..options import BuildOptions, Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.file import copy_test_sources
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import copy_test_sources
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from ..typing import PathOrStr
+    from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
 
 ARCHITECTURE_OCI_PLATFORM_MAP = {
     Architecture.x86_64: OCIPlatform.AMD64,
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ def build_in_container(
         local_identifier_tmp_dir = local_tmp_dir / config.identifier
         build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
         build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
-        use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]"
+        use_uv = build_frontend.name in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
         pip = ["uv", "pip"] if use_uv else ["pip"]
 
         log.step("Setting up build environment...")
@@ -274,7 +274,10 @@ def build_in_container(
             container.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
 
             extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                build_frontend,
+                build_options.build_verbosity,
+                build_options.config_settings,
+                py38=config.identifier[1:].startswith("p38"),
             )
 
             match build_frontend.name:
@@ -307,6 +310,19 @@ def build_in_container(
                         ],
                         env=env,
                     )
+                case "uv":
+                    container.call(
+                        [
+                            "uv",
+                            "build",
+                            f"--python={python_bin / 'python'}",
+                            container_package_dir,
+                            "--wheel",
+                            f"--out-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                        ],
+                        env=env,
+                    )
                 case _:
                     assert_never(build_frontend)
 
@@ -509,6 +525,7 @@ def _matches_prepared_command(error_cmd: Sequence[str], command_template: str) -
 def troubleshoot(options: Options, error: Exception) -> None:
     if isinstance(error, subprocess.CalledProcessError) and (
         error.cmd[0:4] == ["python", "-m", "pip", "wheel"]
+        or error.cmd[0:2] == ["uv", "build"]
         or error.cmd[0:3] == ["python", "-m", "build"]
         or _matches_prepared_command(
             error.cmd, options.build_options(None).repair_command

cibuildwheel/platforms/macos.py

@@ -15,25 +15,20 @@ from typing import Literal, assert_never
 from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.version import Version
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..ci import detect_ci_provider
+from cibuildwheel.ci import detect_ci_provider
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-    copy_test_sources,
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-    download,
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
-    move_file,
-)
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
 
 @functools.cache
@@ -141,7 +136,8 @@ def install_cpython(_tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool) ->
                 # let the user know & provide a link to the installer
                 msg = inspect.cleandoc(
                     f"""
-                        Error: CPython {version} is not installed.
+                        Framework CPython {version} not detected as installed in:
+                            {installation_path}
                         cibuildwheel will not perform system-wide installs when running outside of CI.
                         To build locally, install CPython {version} on this machine, or, disable this
                         version of Python using CIBW_SKIP=cp{version.replace(".", "")}-macosx_*
@@ -150,7 +146,7 @@ def install_cpython(_tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool) ->
                     """
                 )
                 raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-            python_filename = url.split("/")[-1]
+            python_filename = url.rsplit("/", maxsplit=1)[-1]
             pkg_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "cpython-installer" / python_filename
             if not pkg_path.exists():
                 download(url, pkg_path)
@@ -217,7 +213,7 @@ def setup_python(
     build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
 ) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
     uv_path = find_uv()
-    use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]"
+    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
 
     tmp.mkdir()
     implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
@@ -257,6 +253,10 @@ def setup_python(
     # https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/620
     # Also see https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/9516
     env.pop("__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__", None)
+    # uv uses this over the current environment's python, so remove it to avoid confusion
+    env.pop("PYTHON_VERSION", None)
+    env.pop("PYTHON_ARCH", None)
+    env.pop("UV_PYTHON", None)
 
     # we version pip ourselves, so we don't care about pip version checking
     env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
@@ -374,12 +374,27 @@ def setup_python(
                 uv_path,
                 "pip",
                 "install",
+                "--python",
+                which_python,
                 "--upgrade",
                 "delocate",
                 "build[virtualenv, uv]",
                 *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
                 env=env,
             )
+        case "uv":
+            assert uv_path is not None
+            call(
+                uv_path,
+                "pip",
+                "install",
+                "--python",
+                which_python,
+                "--upgrade",
+                "delocate",
+                *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+                env=env,
+            )
         case _:
             assert_never(build_frontend)
 
@@ -412,7 +427,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
             build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
-            use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]"
+            use_uv = build_frontend.name in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
             uv_path = find_uv()
             if use_uv and uv_path is None:
                 msg = "uv not found"
@@ -460,7 +475,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
                 extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                    build_frontend,
+                    build_options.build_verbosity,
+                    build_options.config_settings,
+                    py38=config.identifier[1:].startswith("p38"),
                 )
 
                 build_env = env.copy()
@@ -497,6 +515,18 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             *extra_flags,
                             env=build_env,
                         )
+                    case "uv":
+                        assert uv_path is not None
+                        call(
+                            uv_path,
+                            "build",
+                            f"--python={base_python}",
+                            build_options.package_dir,
+                            "--wheel",
+                            f"--out-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                            env=build_env,
+                        )
                     case _:
                         assert_never(build_frontend)
 

cibuildwheel/platforms/pyodide.py

@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ from typing import Final, TypedDict
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
     copy_test_sources,
     download,
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ from ..util.file import (
     extract_zip,
     move_file,
 )
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..util.python_build_standalone import (
+from cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone import (
     PythonBuildStandaloneError,
     create_python_build_standalone_environment,
 )
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
 
 IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
 
@@ -285,7 +285,6 @@ def setup_python(
         "install",
         "--upgrade",
         "pyodide-build",
-        "build[virtualenv]",
         *constraint_flags(constraints_path),
         env=env,
     )
@@ -416,7 +415,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 log.step("Building wheel...")
 
                 extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                    build_frontend,
+                    build_options.build_verbosity,
+                    build_options.config_settings,
+                    py38=False,
                 )
 
                 call(

cibuildwheel/platforms/windows.py

@@ -5,26 +5,32 @@ import platform as platform_module
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Set
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Sequence, Set
 from functools import cache
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import assert_never
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, extract_zip, move_file
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+    copy_test_sources,
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
+    download,
+    extract_zip,
+    move_file,
+)
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
 
 def get_nuget_args(
@@ -271,7 +277,7 @@ def setup_python(
     if build_frontend == "build[uv]" and not can_use_uv(python_configuration):
         build_frontend = "build"
 
-    use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]"
+    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
     uv_path = find_uv()
 
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
@@ -287,7 +293,9 @@ def setup_python(
     # set up environment variables for run_with_env
     env["PYTHON_VERSION"] = python_configuration.version
     env["PYTHON_ARCH"] = python_configuration.arch
-    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
+    env.pop("UV_PYTHON", None)
+    if not use_uv:
+        env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
 
     # update env with results from CIBW_ENVIRONMENT
     env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
@@ -328,6 +336,8 @@ def setup_python(
                 uv_path,
                 "pip",
                 "install",
+                "--python",
+                where_python,
                 "--upgrade",
                 "build[virtualenv]",
                 *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
@@ -386,6 +396,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     if not python_configurations:
         return
 
+    uv_path = find_uv()
+
     try:
         before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
         before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
@@ -403,8 +415,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
             build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
-
+            use_uv = build_frontend.name in {"build[uv]", "uv"} and can_use_uv(config)
-            use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" and can_use_uv(config)
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
             identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
@@ -449,7 +460,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
                 extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                    build_frontend,
+                    build_options.build_verbosity,
+                    build_options.config_settings,
+                    py38=config.identifier[1:].startswith("p38"),
                 )
 
                 if (
@@ -501,6 +515,18 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             *extra_flags,
                             env=env,
                         )
+                    case "uv":
+                        assert uv_path is not None
+                        call(
+                            uv_path,
+                            "build",
+                            f"--python={base_python}",
+                            build_options.package_dir,
+                            "--wheel",
+                            f"--out-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                            env=env,
+                        )
                     case _:
                         assert_never(build_frontend)
 
@@ -575,7 +601,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     )
                     shell(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)
 
-                pip = ["uv", "pip"] if use_uv else ["pip"]
+                pip: Sequence[Path | str]
+                if use_uv:
+                    assert uv_path is not None
+                    pip = [uv_path, "pip"]
+                else:
+                    pip = ["pip"]
 
                 # install the wheel
                 call(

cibuildwheel/resources/_rust_shim.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    # CIBW_HOST_TRIPLET is set in the android_env to the Android target triplet.
+    target = os.environ.get("CIBW_HOST_TRIPLET")
+
+    cmd_name = Path(sys.argv[0]).name
+
+    # Find the real command in PATH, excluding the current script's directory
+    path_env = os.environ.get("PATH", "")
+    script_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+
+    paths = path_env.split(os.pathsep)
+    # Filter out the script directory to avoid recursion
+    filtered_paths = [p for p in paths if Path(p).resolve() != script_dir]
+    filtered_path_env = os.pathsep.join(filtered_paths)
+
+    real_cmd = shutil.which(cmd_name, path=filtered_path_env)
+
+    if not real_cmd:
+        sys.stderr.write(f"cibuildwheel: Error: Could not find system {cmd_name}\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # If we have a target (i.e. we are in the android_env), try to install it.
+    if target:
+        # Check if rustup is available to install the target
+        rustup_path = shutil.which("rustup", path=filtered_path_env)
+
+        if rustup_path:
+            try:
+                # We call rustup to ensure the target is installed.
+                subprocess.run(
+                    [rustup_path, "target", "add", target],
+                    check=True,
+                    stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                    stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                    text=True,
+                )
+            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    f"cibuildwheel: Error: Failed to install Rust target {target}: {e.stderr}\n"
+                )
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Execute the real command
+    os.execv(real_cmd, [real_cmd, *sys.argv[1:]])
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -161,30 +161,30 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.9/python-3.13.9-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.12/python-3.13.12-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.9/python-3.13.9-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.12/python-3.13.12-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.9/python-3.13.9-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.12/python-3.13.12-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.9/python-3.13.9-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.12/python-3.13.12-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.9/python-3.13.9-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.12/python-3.13.12-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.9/python-3.13.9-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.12/python-3.13.12-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.3/python-3.14.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.3/python-3.14.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.3/python-3.14.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.3/python-3.14.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.3/python-3.14.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.3/python-3.14.3-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.21-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.21-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
   { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.1/graalpy-25.0.1-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.1/graalpy-25.0.1-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.2/graalpy-25.0.2-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
 ]
 
 [windows]
@@ -199,50 +199,50 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.9" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.10" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.9" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.12" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.9" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.12" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.9" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.12" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_amd64", version = "3.13.9" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win_amd64", version = "3.13.12" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.0" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.3" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.0" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.3" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.0" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.3" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.0" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.3" },
   { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10" },
   { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11" },
   { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.9" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.9" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.12" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.9" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.12" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.0" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.3" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.0" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.3" },
   { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.21-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-windows-amd64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "gp312_250-win_amd64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.1/graalpy-25.0.1-windows-amd64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-win_amd64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.2/graalpy-25.0.2-windows-amd64.zip" },
 ]
 
 [pyodide]
 python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.12", default_pyodide_version = "0.27.7", node_version = "v22" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.13", default_pyodide_version = "0.29.0", node_version = "v22" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.13", default_pyodide_version = "0.29.3", node_version = "v22" },
 ]
 
 [android]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp313-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.8/python-3.13.8-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.12/python-3.13.12-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-android_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.8/python-3.13.8-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-android_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.12/python-3.13.12-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.3/python-3.14.3-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-android_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-android_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.3/python-3.14.3-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
 ]
 
 [ios]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b12/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b12.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b12/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b12.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b12/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b12.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b8/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b8.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b8/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b8.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b8/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b8.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
 ]

cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
     },
     "enable": {
       "enum": [
-        "cpython-experimental-riscv64",
         "cpython-freethreading",
         "cpython-prerelease",
         "graalpy",
@@ -108,13 +107,14 @@
     },
     "build-frontend": {
       "default": "default",
-      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"build\" (default), \"build[uv]\", or \"pip\"",
+      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"build\" (default), \"build[uv]\", \"uv\", or \"pip\"",
       "oneOf": [
         {
           "enum": [
             "pip",
             "build",
             "build[uv]",
+            "uv",
             "default"
           ]
         },
@@ -130,6 +130,10 @@
           "type": "string",
           "pattern": "^build\\[uv\\]; ?args:"
         },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^uv; ?args:"
+        },
         {
           "type": "object",
           "additionalProperties": false,
@@ -141,7 +145,8 @@
               "enum": [
                 "pip",
                 "build",
-                "build[uv]"
+                "build[uv]",
+                "uv"
               ]
             },
             "args": {

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide312.txt

@@ -2,59 +2,49 @@
 #    nox -s update_constraints
 annotated-types==0.7.0
     # via pydantic
-anyio==4.11.0
+auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.3
-    # via httpx
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.0
     # via pyodide-build
 build==1.2.2.post1
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2025.10.5
+certifi==2026.2.25
-    # via
+    # via requests
-    #   httpcore
+charset-normalizer==3.4.6
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.4
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-    #   typer
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-cli
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
-h11==0.16.0
-    # via httpcore
-httpcore==1.0.9
-    # via httpx
-httpx==0.28.1
-    # via unearth
-idna==3.11
     # via
-    #   anyio
+    #   python-discovery
-    #   httpx
+    #   virtualenv
-    #   requests
+idna==3.11
-leb128==1.0.8
+    # via requests
+leb128==1.0.9
     # via auditwheel-emscripten
 markdown-it-py==4.0.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
-    #   unearth
+    #   wheel
-pip==25.3
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.9.4
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
+    #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.12.4
+pydantic==2.12.5
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-lock
@@ -62,56 +52,40 @@ pydantic-core==2.41.5
     # via pydantic
 pygments==2.19.2
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.30.8
+pyodide-build==0.33.0
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-pyodide-cli==0.4.0
+pyodide-cli==0.5.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.0
+pyodide-lock==0.1.2
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
 requests==2.32.5
     # via pyodide-build
-resolvelib==1.2.1
+rich==14.3.3
-    # via pyodide-build
-rich==14.2.0
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
-    #   typer
+ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
-ruamel-yaml==0.18.16
     # via pyodide-build
-ruamel-yaml-clib==0.2.14
-    # via ruamel-yaml
-shellingham==1.5.4
-    # via typer
-sniffio==1.3.1
-    # via anyio
-typer==0.20.0
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-cli
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via
-    #   anyio
     #   pydantic
     #   pydantic-core
-    #   typer
     #   typing-inspection
 typing-inspection==0.4.2
     # via pydantic
-unearth==0.18.1
+urllib3==2.6.3
-    # via pyodide-build
-urllib3==2.5.0
     # via requests
-virtualenv==20.35.4
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
-wheel==0.45.1
+wheel==0.46.3
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide313.txt

@@ -2,59 +2,49 @@
 #    nox -s update_constraints
 annotated-types==0.7.0
     # via pydantic
-anyio==4.11.0
+auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.3
-    # via httpx
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.0
     # via pyodide-build
 build==1.2.2.post1
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2025.10.5
+certifi==2026.2.25
-    # via
+    # via requests
-    #   httpcore
+charset-normalizer==3.4.6
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.4
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-    #   typer
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-cli
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
-h11==0.16.0
-    # via httpcore
-httpcore==1.0.9
-    # via httpx
-httpx==0.28.1
-    # via unearth
-idna==3.11
     # via
-    #   anyio
+    #   python-discovery
-    #   httpx
+    #   virtualenv
-    #   requests
+idna==3.11
-leb128==1.0.8
+    # via requests
+leb128==1.0.9
     # via auditwheel-emscripten
 markdown-it-py==4.0.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
-    #   unearth
+    #   wheel
-pip==25.3
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.9.4
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
+    #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.12.4
+pydantic==2.12.5
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-lock
@@ -62,55 +52,40 @@ pydantic-core==2.41.5
     # via pydantic
 pygments==2.19.2
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.30.8
+pyodide-build==0.33.0
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-pyodide-cli==0.4.0
+pyodide-cli==0.5.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.0
+pyodide-lock==0.1.2
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
 requests==2.32.5
     # via pyodide-build
-resolvelib==1.2.1
+rich==14.3.3
-    # via pyodide-build
-rich==14.2.0
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
-    #   typer
+ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
-ruamel-yaml==0.18.16
     # via pyodide-build
-ruamel-yaml-clib==0.2.14
-    # via ruamel-yaml
-shellingham==1.5.4
-    # via typer
-sniffio==1.3.1
-    # via anyio
-typer==0.20.0
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-cli
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via
     #   pydantic
     #   pydantic-core
-    #   typer
     #   typing-inspection
 typing-inspection==0.4.2
     # via pydantic
-unearth==0.18.1
+urllib3==2.6.3
-    # via pyodide-build
-urllib3==2.5.0
     # via requests
-virtualenv==20.35.4
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
-wheel==0.45.1
+wheel==0.46.3
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -1,36 +1,42 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.3.0
+build==1.4.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-importlib-metadata==8.7.0
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==9.0.0
     # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.3
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.9.4
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-tomli==2.3.0
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+tomli==2.4.0
     # via build
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   virtualenv
-virtualenv==20.35.4
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.23.0
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python311.txt

@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.3.0
+build==1.4.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-macholib==1.16.3
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.3
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.9.4
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.35.4
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python312.txt

@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.3.0
+build==1.4.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-macholib==1.16.3
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.3
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.9.4
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.35.4
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python313.txt

@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.3.0
+build==1.4.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-macholib==1.16.3
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.3
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.9.4
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.35.4
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python314.txt

@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.3.0
+build==1.4.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-macholib==1.16.3
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.3
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.9.4
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.35.4
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python38.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
 build==1.2.2.post1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -9,28 +9,34 @@ delocate==0.12.0
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.16.1
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 importlib-metadata==8.5.0
     # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
 pip==25.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 platformdirs==4.3.6
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-tomli==2.3.0
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+tomli==2.4.0
     # via build
 typing-extensions==4.13.2
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   virtualenv
-virtualenv==20.35.4
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.20.2
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -1,36 +1,42 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.3.0
+build==1.4.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.19.1
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-importlib-metadata==8.7.0
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==8.7.1
     # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.3
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 platformdirs==4.4.0
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-tomli==2.3.0
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+tomli==2.4.0
     # via build
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   virtualenv
-virtualenv==20.35.4
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.23.0
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.3.0
+build==1.4.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-macholib==1.16.3
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.3
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.9.4
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.35.4
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/nodejs.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 url = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
-v24 = "v24.11.0"
+v24 = "v24.14.0"
-v22 = "v22.21.1"
+v22 = "v22.22.1"
-v20 = "v20.19.5"
+v20 = "v20.20.1"

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,54 +1,54 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2025.11.09-2
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
 
 [i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2025.11.09-2
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2026.03.20-1
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2025.11.09-2
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2025.11.09-2
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2026.03.20-1
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2025.11.09-2
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2026.03.20-1
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
 
 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.03.20-1
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
 
 [armv7l]
-manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_35 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_35_armv7l:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_35 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_35_armv7l:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2025.11.09-2
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2026.03.20-1
 
 [riscv64]
-manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2025.11.09-2
+manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2025.11.09-2
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2026.03.20-1
 

cibuildwheel/resources/virtualenv.toml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-default = { version = "20.35.4", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/download/20.35.4/virtualenv.pyz" }
+default = { version = "21.2.0", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/download/21.2.0/virtualenv.pyz" }

cibuildwheel/schema.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import json
 from typing import Any
 
-from .util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
 
 
 def get_schema(tool_name: str = "cibuildwheel") -> dict[str, Any]:

cibuildwheel/selector.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import dataclasses
 import itertools
 from enum import StrEnum
 from fnmatch import fnmatch
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Self
 
 import bracex
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ class EnableGroup(StrEnum):
     Groups of build selectors that are not enabled by default.
     """
 
-    CPythonExperimentalRiscV64 = "cpython-experimental-riscv64"
     CPythonFreeThreading = "cpython-freethreading"
     CPythonPrerelease = "cpython-prerelease"
     GraalPy = "graalpy"
@@ -38,11 +37,12 @@ class EnableGroup(StrEnum):
     PyodidePrerelease = "pyodide-prerelease"
 
     @classmethod
-    def all_groups(cls) -> frozenset["EnableGroup"]:
+    def all_groups(cls) -> frozenset[Self]:
-        return frozenset(set(cls) - {cls.CPythonExperimentalRiscV64})
+        # see https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/20434 for the reason to type: ignore[arg-type]
+        return frozenset(set(cls) - {cls.CPythonFreeThreading})  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse_option_value(cls, value: str) -> frozenset["EnableGroup"]:
+    def parse_option_value(cls, value: str) -> frozenset[Self]:
         """
         Parses a string of space-separated values into a set of EnableGroup
         members. The string may contain group names or "all".
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class BuildSelector:
     def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
         # Filter build selectors by python_requires if set
         if self.requires_python is not None:
-            py_ver_str = build_id.split("-")[0].split("_")[0]
+            py_ver_str = build_id.split("-", maxsplit=1)[0].split("_", maxsplit=1)[0]
             py_ver_str = py_ver_str.removesuffix("t")
             major = int(py_ver_str[2])
             minor = int(py_ver_str[3:])
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class BuildSelector:
 
         return should_build and not should_skip
 
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> dict[str, str | list[str]]:
         return {
             "build_config": self.build_config,
             "skip_config": self.skip_config,
@@ -135,5 +135,5 @@ class TestSelector:
         should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
         return not should_skip
 
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         return {"skip_config": self.skip_config}

cibuildwheel/util/cmd.py

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import typing
 from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
 from typing import Final, Literal
 
-from ..errors import FatalError
+from cibuildwheel.errors import FatalError
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
 
 _IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
 

cibuildwheel/util/file.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from zipfile import ZipFile
 import certifi
 from platformdirs import user_cache_path
 
-from ..errors import FatalError
+from cibuildwheel.errors import FatalError
 
 DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
 CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(

cibuildwheel/util/helpers.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import textwrap
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
 
 
 def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:

cibuildwheel/util/packaging.py

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ import shlex
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from typing import Any, Literal, Self, TypeVar
+from typing import Literal, Self, TypeVar
 
 from packaging.utils import parse_wheel_filename
 
-from . import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from .cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
-from .helpers import parse_key_value_string, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import parse_key_value_string, unwrap
 
 
 @dataclass(kw_only=True)
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class DependencyConstraints:
 
         return None
 
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
         if self == DependencyConstraints.pinned():
             return "pinned"
         elif self.packages:
@@ -169,10 +169,9 @@ def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
             elif platform.startswith("pyodide"):
                 # each Pyodide version has its own platform tag
                 continue
-            else:
+            # Windows should exactly match
-                # Windows should exactly match
+            elif tag.platform != platform:
-                if tag.platform != platform:
+                continue
-                    continue
 
             # If all the filters above pass, then the wheel is a previously built compatible wheel.
             return wheel

cibuildwheel/util/resources.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import tomllib
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final
 
-from ..typing import PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PlatformName
 
 PATH: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "resources"
 INSTALL_CERTIFI_SCRIPT: Final[Path] = PATH / "install_certifi.py"

cibuildwheel/venv.py

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
 from packaging.version import Version
 
-from .util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from .util.cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
-from .util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download
 
 _IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
 
@@ -108,7 +108,9 @@ def virtualenv(
     assert python.exists()
 
     if use_uv:
-        call("uv", "venv", venv_path, "--python", python)
+        uv_path = find_uv()
+        assert uv_path is not None
+        call(uv_path, "venv", venv_path, "--python", python)
     else:
         virtualenv_app, virtualenv_version = _ensure_virtualenv(version)
         if pip_version is None:

docs/changelog.md

@@ -4,6 +4,33 @@ title: Changelog
 
 # Changelog
 
+### v3.4.1
+
+_2 April 2026_
+
+- ⚠️ Building for the experimental CPython 3.13 free-threading variant is now deprecated. That functionality will be removed in the next minor release. The [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) option `cpython-freethreading` is therefore also deprecated. Builds specifying `enable = "all"` no longer select `cpython-freethreading`. CPython 3.14 free-threading support remains available without the `enable` flag. (#2787)
+- 🐛 iOS builds will no longer skip `repair-wheel-command` if it's defined in config (#2761)
+- 🐛 Fix bug causing `uv` to fail when environments define PYTHON_VERSION or UV_PYTHON, conflicting with our venvs (#2795)
+- ✨ cibuildwheel prints the selected build identifiers at the start of the build. (#2785)
+- 🔐 The GitHub Action now references other actions with a full SHA (#2744)
+
+### v3.4.0
+
+_5 March 2026_
+
+- 🌟 You can now build wheels using `uv` as a build frontend. This should improve performance, especially if your project has lots of build dependencies. To use, set [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) to `uv`. (#2322)
+- ⚠️ We no longer support running on Travis CI. It may continue working but we don't run tests there anymore so we can't be sure. (#2682)
+- ✨ Improvements to building rust wheels on Android (#2650)
+- 🐛 Fix bug with the GitHub Action on Windows, where PATH was getting unnecessarily changed, causing issues with meson builds. (#2723)
+- ✨ Add support for quiet setting on `build` and `uv` from the cibuildwheel `build-verbosity` setting. (#2737)
+- 📚 Docs updates, including guidance on using Meson on Windows (#2718)
+
+### v3.3.1
+
+_5 January 2026_
+
+- 🛠 Update dependencies and container pins, including updating to CPython 3.14.2. (#2708)
+
 ### v3.3.0
 
 _12 November 2025_
@@ -150,6 +177,12 @@ See @henryiii's [release post](https://iscinumpy.dev/post/cibuildwheel-3-0-0/) f
 - 📚 Docs now primarily use the pyproject.toml name of options, rather than the environment variable name. (#2389)
 - 📚 README table now matches docs and auto-updates. (#2427, #2428)
 
+### v2.23.4
+
+_16 March 2026_
+
+- 🐛 Fix HTTP 429 errors while downloading virtualenv from GitHub blob URLs – uses a https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ URL instead. (#2775)
+
 ### v2.23.3
 
 _26 April 2025_

docs/ci-services.md

@@ -72,22 +72,6 @@ Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Azure Pipelines, and push.
 
 Wheels will be stored for you and available through the Pipelines interface. For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/yaml-schema).
 
-### Travis CI [linux/windows] {: #travis-ci}
-
-To build Linux and Windows wheels on Travis CI, create a `.travis.yml` file in your repo.
-
-> .travis.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Travis CI, and push.
-
-Then setup a deployment method by following the [Travis CI deployment docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/deployment/), or see [Delivering to PyPI](deliver-to-pypi.md). For more info on `.travis.yml`, check out the [docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/).
-
-[`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example with a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
-
 ### CircleCI [linux/mac] {: #circleci}
 
 To build Linux and Mac wheels on CircleCI, create a `.circleci/config.yml` file in your repo,

docs/configuration.md

@@ -30,17 +30,6 @@ cibuildwheel to run tests, add the following YAML to your CI config file:
       CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
     ```
 
-!!! tab "Travis CI"
-
-    > .travis.yml ([docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/environment-variables/))
-
-    ```yaml
-    env:
-      global:
-        - CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES=pytest
-        - CIBW_TEST_COMMAND="pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
 !!! tab "CircleCI"
 
     > .circleci/config.yml ([docs](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/configuration-reference/#environment))

docs/deliver-to-pypi.md

@@ -29,10 +29,11 @@ GitHub actions has pipx in all the runners as a supported package manager, as we
     name: Make SDist
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0  # Optional, use if you use setuptools_scm
         submodules: true  # Optional, use if you have submodules
+        persist-credentials: false # Highly recommended as a good security practice to not store credentials in disk, unless you need this for your specific use case
 
     - name: Build SDist
       run: pipx run build --sdist
@@ -71,12 +72,6 @@ for an example configuration that automatically uploads wheels to PyPI. Also see
 [scikit-hep.org/developer/gha_wheels](https://scikit-hep.org/developer/gha_wheels)
 for a complete guide.
 
-### TravisCI
-
-See
-[`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml)
-for an example configuration.
-
 ## Manual method
 
 On your development machine, install [pipx](https://pipx.pypa.io/) and do the following:

docs/faq.md

@@ -99,6 +99,21 @@ Second, there might be platforms you want to ship for that NumPy (or some other
 
 (Note the `*_ONLY_BINARY` variable also supports `":all:"`, and you don't need both that and `*_PREFER_BINARY`, you can use either one, depending on if you want a missing wheel to be a failure or an attempt to build in CI.)
 
+### Building with Meson-Python on Windows
+
+Meson generally works well with cibuildwheel, but there are a few things to be aware of:
+
+-   On GitHub Actions, the compiler that's chosen by default on Windows is often the MinGW compiler, rather than the MSVC toolchain that Python was compiled with.
+
+    The simplest fix for this is to configure cibuildwheel to pass the `--vsenv` flag to meson, like this:
+
+    ```toml
+    [tool.cibuildwheel.windows]
+    config-settings = { "setup-args" = "--vsenv" }
+    ```
+
+-   If you need to build 32-bit Windows wheels, you need to activate a 32-bit compiler toolchain before starting cibuildwheel. Many users use [ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd](https://github.com/ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd) for this purpose.
+
 ### Automatic updates using Dependabot {: #automatic-updates}
 
 Selecting a moving target (like the latest release) is generally a bad idea in CI. If something breaks, you can't tell whether it was your code or an upstream update that caused the breakage, and in a worst-case scenario, it could occur during a release.
@@ -110,11 +125,14 @@ There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
 
 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.0
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.1
 ```
 
 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
 
+!!! note "Minor version tags"
+    Unlike some GitHub Actions, cibuildwheel does **not** provide a floating `@v3` major-version tag, since our minor version change can add/remove wheels. You can, however, pin to a minor version such as `@v3.4` to automatically receive patch releases within that minor version. Dependabot (shown below) is the recommended way to stay up to date.
+
 Then, your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
 
 ```yaml
@@ -132,7 +150,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `
 
 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+cibuildwheel==3.4.1
 ```
 
 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
@@ -297,7 +315,7 @@ Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to use pipx:
 # most runners have pipx preinstalled, but in case you don't
 python3 -m pip install pipx
 
-pipx run cibuildwheel==3.3.0 --output-dir wheelhouse
+pipx run cibuildwheel==3.4.1 --output-dir wheelhouse
 pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 

docs/index.md

@@ -22,3 +22,8 @@ This diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platform to bu
 %}
 
 This isn't exhaustive, for a full list of the things cibuildwheel can do, check the [options](options.md) page.
+
+!!! warning "A note on security"
+      Building and testing wheels executes arbitrary code from your project and its dependencies. Although cibuildwheel uses OCI containers and Pyodide for some builds, these provide no security guarantees - the code you're building and testing has full access to the environment that's invoking cibuildwheel.
+
+      If you cannot trust all the code that's pulled in, maintain good security hygiene: keep the job that builds distributions separate from the job that uploads them to PyPI, handle secrets and credentials with care and rotate them regularly, and follow the principle of least privilege when granting permissions. Do not store sensitive data on CI runners.

docs/main.py

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import rich.console
 import rich.text
 
 
-def define_env(env: Any) -> None:
+def define_env(env: Any) -> None:  # noqa: ANN401
     "Hook function for mkdocs-macros"
 
-    @env.macro  # type: ignore[misc]
+    @env.macro  # type: ignore[untyped-decorator]
     def subprocess_run(*args: str) -> str:
         "Run a subprocess and return the stdout"
         env = os.environ.copy()

docs/options.md

@@ -465,6 +465,7 @@ Options:
 - `build[;args: ...]`
 - `build[uv][;args: ...]`
 - `pip[;args: ...]`
+- `uv[;args: ...]`
 
 Default: `build`
 
@@ -477,8 +478,14 @@ Make sure you have an external uv on Windows and macOS, either by
 pre-installing it, or installing cibuildwheel with the `uv` extra, which is
 possible by manually passing `cibuildwheel[uv]` to installers or by using the
 `extras` option in the [cibuildwheel action](ci-services.md#github-actions).
-uv currently does not support iOS or musllinux on s390x. Legacy dependencies
+uv currently does not support iOS or musllinux on s390x, ppc64le and riscv64.
-like setuptools on Python < 3.12 and pip are not installed if using uv.
+You can also use the `uv` backend directly; though currently multiple output
+files (from workspaces) are not supported.
+
+!!! note
+    There is currently a compatibility issue between GraalPy and uv. If you
+    are building GraalPy wheels, use `build` or `pip` as the build frontend
+    instead of `build[uv]` or `uv`.
 
 On Android and Pyodide, the "pip" frontend is not supported.
 
@@ -512,6 +519,9 @@ optional `args` option.
 
     # Use uv and build with an argument
     build-frontend = { name = "build[uv]", args = ["--no-isolation"] }
+
+    # Use uv directly
+    build-frontend = "uv"
     ```
 
 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
@@ -528,6 +538,9 @@ optional `args` option.
 
     # Use uv and build with an argument
     CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: "build[uv]; args: --no-isolation"
+
+    # Use uv directly
+    CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: "uv"
     ```
 
 
@@ -621,6 +634,8 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 
     In configuration files, you can use a [TOML][] table instead of a raw string as shown above.
 
+[TOML]: https://toml.io/en/
+
 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
 
     ```yaml
@@ -896,6 +911,10 @@ Default:
 - on macOS: `'delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}'`
 - on Android: There is no default command, but cibuildwheel will add `libc++` to the
   wheel if anything links against it. Setting a command will replace this behavior.
+- on Pyodide: You can use `pyodide auditwheel repair --libdir /path/to/libraries --output-dir {dest_dir} {wheel}` command to repair the wheel.
+  Unlike other platforms, this command is not set by default as you need to explicitly
+  specify the library directory. You might not want to use the libraries in the system
+  directory, as they are not built for WASM and will not work.
 - on other platforms: `''`
 
 A shell command to repair a built wheel by copying external library dependencies into the wheel tree and relinking them.
@@ -923,12 +942,6 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 
     [Delvewheel]: https://github.com/adang1345/delvewheel
 
-!!! tip
-    When using `--platform pyodide`, `pyodide build` is used to do the build,
-    which already uses `auditwheel-emscripten` to repair the wheel, so the default
-    repair command is empty. If there is a way to do this in two steps in the future,
-    this could change.
-
 #### Examples
 
 !!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
@@ -1242,7 +1255,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 
     [tool.cibuildwheel.pyodide]
     # Choose a specific pyodide-build version
-    dependency-versions = { packages = ["pyodide-build==0.29.1"] }
+    dependency-versions = { packages = ["pyodide-build==0.31.2"] }
     ```
 
 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
@@ -1261,7 +1274,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
     CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS: "packages: auditwheel==6.2.0"
 
     # Choose a specific pyodide-build version
-    CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS_PYODIDE: "packages: pyodide-build==0.29.1"
+    CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS_PYODIDE: "packages: pyodide-build==0.31.2"
 
     # Use shell-style quoting around spaces package specifiers
     CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS: "packages: 'pip >=16.0.0, !=17'"
@@ -1752,14 +1765,16 @@ will not produce more logging about the build itself. Other levels only affect
 the build frontend output, which is usually things like resolving and
 downloading dependencies. The settings are:
 
-|             | build | pip    | desc                             |
+|             | build | pip    | uv    | desc                             |
-|-------------|-------|--------|----------------------------------|
+|-------------|-------|--------|-------|----------------------------------|
-| -2          | N/A   | `-qq`  | even more quiet, where supported |
+| -2          | `-qq`[^1] | `-qq`  | `-qq` | even more quiet, where supported |
-| -1          | N/A   | `-q`   | quiet mode, where supported      |
+| -1          | `-q`[^1]  | `-q`   | `-q`  | quiet mode, where supported      |
-| 0 (default) |       |        | default for build tool           |
+| 0 (default) |       |        |       | default for build tool           |
-| 1           |       | `-v`   | print backend output             |
+| 1           |       | `-v`   |       | print backend output             |
-| 2           | `-v`  | `-vv`  | print log messages e.g. resolving info |
+| 2           | `-v`  | `-vv`  | `-v`  | print log messages e.g. resolving info |
-| 3           | `-vv` | `-vvv` | print even more debug info       |
+| 3           | `-vv` | `-vvv` | `-vv` | print even more debug info       |
+
+[^1]: Not supported on Python 3.8, will be ignored with a warning.
 
 Settings that are not supported for a specific frontend will log a warning.
 The default build frontend is `build`, which does show build backend output by

docs/platforms.md

@@ -179,13 +179,24 @@ If there are pre-releases available for a newer Pyodide version, the `pyodide-pr
 
 Currently, it's recommended to run tests using a `python -m` entrypoint, rather than a command line entrypoint, or a shell script. This is because custom entrypoints have some issues in the Pyodide virtual environment. For example, `pytest` may not work as a command line entrypoint, but will work as a `python -m pytest` entrypoint.
 
+### Repairing wheels
+
+Unlike other platforms, cibuildwheel does not set a default [`repair-wheel-command`](options.md#repair-wheel-command) for Pyodide. If your package links shared libraries, you need to explicitly configure the repair command using [`pyodide auditwheel`](https://github.com/pyodide/auditwheel-emscripten):
+
+```toml
+[tool.cibuildwheel.pyodide]
+repair-wheel-command = "pyodide auditwheel repair --libdir /path/to/libraries --output-dir {dest_dir} {wheel}"
+```
+
+The `--libdir` option specifies the directory containing cross-compiled shared libraries for WASM. You should not use the system library directories (e.g. `/usr/lib`), as those libraries are not built for WebAssembly.
+
 
 ## Android {: android}
 
 ### Prerequisites
 
 cibuildwheel can build Android wheels on any POSIX platform supported by the Android
-development tools, which currently means Linux x86_64, macOS ARM64 or macOS x86_64. Any
+development tools, which currently means Linux `x86_64`, macOS `ARM64` or macOS `x86_64`. Any
 of these platforms can be used to build wheels for any Android architecture supported by
 Python. However, *testing* wheels has additional requirements: see the section below.
 
@@ -221,10 +232,8 @@ Python 3.13.
 
 ### Build frontend support
 
-Android builds only support the `build` frontend. In principle, support for the
+Android builds do not support the `pip` frontend. The `build`, `build[uv]`, and
-`build[uv]` frontend should be possible, but `uv` [doesn't currently have support for
+`uv` frontends work.
-cross-platform builds](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/7957), and [doesn't have
-support for iOS or Android wheel tags](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/8029).
 
 ### Tests
 
@@ -238,7 +247,7 @@ Any arguments specified using [`test-runtime`](options.md#test-runtime) will be
 Running an emulator requires the build machine to either be bare-metal or support
 nested virtualization. CI platforms known to meet this requirement are:
 
-* GitHub Actions Linux x86_64
+* GitHub Actions Linux `x86_64`
 
 On Linux, the emulator needs access to the KVM virtualization interface. This may
 require adding your user to a group, or changing your udev rules. On GitHub
@@ -308,7 +317,7 @@ iOS builds are *cross platform builds*, as it not possible to run compilers and
 
 ### Build frontend support
 
-iOS builds support both the `pip` and `build` build frontends. In principle, support for `uv` with the `build[uv]` frontend should be possible, but `uv` [doesn't currently have support for cross-platform builds](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/7957), and [doesn't have support for iOS (or Android) tags](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/8029).
+iOS builds support both the `pip` and `build` build frontends. In principle, support for `uv` and `build[uv]` frontends should be possible, but `uv` [doesn't support iOS fully yet](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/16724).
 
 ### Build environment
 

docs/working-examples.md

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ title: Working examples
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
-| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
 | [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
@@ -24,21 +24,21 @@ title: Working examples
 | [psutil][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python |
 | [Google Benchmark][]              | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A microbenchmark support library |
 | [falcon][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Falcon is a no-magic ASGI/WSGI API and microservices framework; it uses cibuildwheel for (optional) Cython extensions. |
-| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
 | [PyGame][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🐍🎮 pygame (the library) is a Free and Open Source python programming language library for making multimedia applications like games built on top of the excellent SDL library. C, Python, Native, OpenGL. |
 | [Apache Beam][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Apache Beam is a unified programming model for Batch and Streaming data processing. |
+| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
 | [asyncpg][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio. |
 | [cmake][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [pyinstrument][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python profiler with a C extension. No external dependencies. |
 | [scikit-image][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project that uses Cython with platform-native code.  |
 | [cvxpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A Python-embedded modeling language for convex optimization problems. |
 | [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
-| [twisted-iocpsupport][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] | A submodule of Twisted that hooks into native C APIs using Cython. |
 | [pedalboard][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A Python library for working with audio data and audio plugins by wrapping the [JUCE](https://github.com/juce-framework/JUCE/) C++ framework. Uses cibuildwheel to deploy on as many operating systems and Python versions as possible with only one dependency (any NumPy).  |
+| [twisted-iocpsupport][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] | A submodule of Twisted that hooks into native C APIs using Cython. |
 | [River][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🌊 Online machine learning in Python |
 | [websockets][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Library for building WebSocket servers and clients. Mostly written in Python, with a small C 'speedups' extension module.  |
-| [aiortc][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebRTC and ORTC implementation for Python using asyncio. |
 | [OpenSpiel][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | OpenSpiel is a collection of environments and algorithms for research in general reinforcement learning and search/planning in games. |
+| [aiortc][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebRTC and ORTC implementation for Python using asyncio. |
 | [Dependency Injector][]           | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Dependency injection framework for Python, uses Windows TravisCI |
 | [UltraJSON][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast JSON decoder and encoder written in C with Python bindings |
 | [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures. |
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ title: Working examples
 | [PyYAML][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] | Canonical source repository for PyYAML |
 | [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by QPDF |
 | [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, Pandas, PyTables and more |
+| [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
 | [Wrapt][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python module for decorators, wrappers and monkey patching. |
 | [h5py][]                          | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | HDF5 for Python -- The h5py package is a Pythonic interface to the HDF5 binary data format. |
-| [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
 | [envd][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A machine learning development environment build tool |
 | [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
 | [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
@@ -65,39 +65,39 @@ title: Working examples
 | [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
 | [google neuroglancer][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebGL-based viewer for volumetric data |
 | [Parselmouth][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python interface to the Praat software package, using pybind11, C++17 and CMake, with the core Praat static library built only once and shared between wheels. |
+| [H3-py][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for H3, a hierarchical hexagonal geospatial indexing system |
 | [AutoPy][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [DeepForest][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | An Efficient, Scalable and Optimized Python Framework for Deep Forest (2021.2.1) |
-| [H3-py][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for H3, a hierarchical hexagonal geospatial indexing system |
 | [time-machine][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Time mocking library using only the CPython C API. |
 | [mosec][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A machine learning model serving framework powered by Rust |
 | [Picologging][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A high-performance logging library for Python. |
-| [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
 | [markupsafe][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup. |
 | [Rtree][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Rtree: spatial index for Python GIS |
+| [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
 | [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
 | [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
 | [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
 | [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
-| [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
 | [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
+| [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
 | [abess][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions. |
 | [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
+| [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
 | [jq.py][]                         | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for jq |
 | [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
 | [matrixprofile][]                 | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python 3 library making time series data mining tasks, utilizing matrix profile algorithms, accessible to everyone. |
-| [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
 | [Tokenizer][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast and customizable text tokenization library with BPE and SentencePiece support |
 | [iminuit][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Jupyter-friendly Python interface for C++ MINUIT2 |
 | [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] ![cirrusci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Bindings to libheif library with third party dependencies. Fully automated CI for tests and publishing including Apple Silicon builds. |
 | [keyvi][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | FST based key value index highly optimized for size and lookup performance, utilizes ccache action for improved runtime |
 | [PyGLM][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Fast OpenGL Mathematics (GLM) for Python |
 | [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
-| [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [power-grid-model][]              | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis |
+| [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [streaming-form-data][]           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Streaming parser for multipart/form-data written in Cython |
 | [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast Base64 encoding/decoding in Python |
-| [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
 | [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
+| [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
 | [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
 | [Python-WebRTC][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | a Python extension that provides bindings to WebRTC M92 |
 | [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
@@ -108,14 +108,14 @@ title: Working examples
 | [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
 | [cf-units][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Units of measure as required by the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions |
-| [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
-| [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
 | [SiPM][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | High performance library for SiPM detectors simulation using C++17, OpenMP and AVX2 intrinsics. |
-| [ril][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A python binding to Rust Imaging library using maturin and Pyo3, utilizes Github Action cache to improve speed. Builds abi3 wheels. |
+| [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
 | [aalink][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Async Python interface for Ableton Link. |
+| [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
+| [ril][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A python binding to Rust Imaging library using maturin and Pyo3, utilizes Github Action cache to improve speed. Builds abi3 wheels. |
 | [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
-| [CorrectionLib][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Structured JSON powered correction library for HEP, designed for the CMS experiment at CERN. |
 | [werpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | An ultra-fast python package using optimized dynamic programming to compute the Word Error Rate (WER). |
+| [CorrectionLib][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Structured JSON powered correction library for HEP, designed for the CMS experiment at CERN. |
 | [xmlstarlet][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python 3.6+ CFFI bindings with true MSVC build. |
 | [pybind11 cross build example][]  | ![github icon][] ![gitlab icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Same as pybind11 cmake_example but used to demo Linux ARM + Windows + macOS builds on GitLab |
 
@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ title: Working examples
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
 [pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
-[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
+[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
 [Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
@@ -135,21 +135,21 @@ title: Working examples
 [psutil]: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
 [Google Benchmark]: https://github.com/google/benchmark
 [falcon]: https://github.com/falconry/falcon
-[vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
 [PyGame]: https://github.com/pygame/pygame
 [Apache Beam]: https://github.com/apache/beam
+[vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
 [asyncpg]: https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg
 [cmake]: https://github.com/scikit-build/cmake-python-distributions
 [pyinstrument]: https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument
 [scikit-image]: https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image
 [cvxpy]: https://github.com/cvxpy/cvxpy
 [PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
-[twisted-iocpsupport]: https://github.com/twisted/twisted-iocpsupport
 [pedalboard]: https://github.com/spotify/pedalboard
+[twisted-iocpsupport]: https://github.com/twisted/twisted-iocpsupport
 [River]: https://github.com/online-ml/river
 [websockets]: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets
-[aiortc]: https://github.com/aiortc/aiortc
 [OpenSpiel]: https://github.com/google-deepmind/open_spiel
+[aiortc]: https://github.com/aiortc/aiortc
 [Dependency Injector]: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 [UltraJSON]: https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson
 [CTranslate2]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/CTranslate2
@@ -164,9 +164,9 @@ title: Working examples
 [PyYAML]: https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
 [pikepdf]: https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf
 [numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
+[Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
 [Wrapt]: https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
 [h5py]: https://github.com/h5py/h5py
-[Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
 [envd]: https://github.com/tensorchord/envd
 [OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
 [ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
@@ -176,39 +176,39 @@ title: Working examples
 [PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
 [google neuroglancer]: https://github.com/google/neuroglancer
 [Parselmouth]: https://github.com/YannickJadoul/Parselmouth
+[H3-py]: https://github.com/uber/h3-py
 [AutoPy]: https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy
 [DeepForest]: https://github.com/LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
-[H3-py]: https://github.com/uber/h3-py
 [time-machine]: https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine
 [mosec]: https://github.com/mosecorg/mosec
 [Picologging]: https://github.com/microsoft/picologging
-[pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
 [markupsafe]: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
 [Rtree]: https://github.com/Toblerity/rtree
+[pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
 [KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
 [dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
 [tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
 [sourmash]: https://github.com/sourmash-bio/sourmash
-[pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
 [python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
+[pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
 [abess]: https://github.com/abess-team/abess
 [python-snappy]: https://github.com/intake/python-snappy
+[Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
 [jq.py]: https://github.com/mwilliamson/jq.py
 [cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
 [matrixprofile]: https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile
-[Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
 [Tokenizer]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/Tokenizer
 [iminuit]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/iminuit
 [pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
 [keyvi]: https://github.com/KeyviDev/keyvi
 [PyGLM]: https://github.com/Zuzu-Typ/PyGLM
 [iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
-[TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
 [power-grid-model]: https://github.com/PowerGridModel/power-grid-model
+[TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
 [streaming-form-data]: https://github.com/siddhantgoel/streaming-form-data
 [pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
-[bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
 [Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
+[bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
 [boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
 [Python-WebRTC]: https://github.com/MarshalX/python-webrtc
 [pybind11 scikit_build_example]: https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example
@@ -219,14 +219,14 @@ title: Working examples
 [ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
 [etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
 [cf-units]: https://github.com/SciTools/cf-units
-[numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
-[pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
 [SiPM]: https://github.com/EdoPro98/SimSiPM
-[ril]: https://github.com/Cryptex-github/ril-py
+[numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
 [aalink]: https://github.com/artfwo/aalink
+[pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
+[ril]: https://github.com/Cryptex-github/ril-py
 [GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd
-[CorrectionLib]: https://github.com/cms-nanoAOD/correctionlib
 [werpy]: https://github.com/analyticsinmotion/werpy
+[CorrectionLib]: https://github.com/cms-nanoAOD/correctionlib
 [xmlstarlet]: https://github.com/dimitern/xmlstarlet
 [pybind11 cross build example]: https://github.com/wbarnha/pybind_cmake_example_crossbuild
 

examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip3 install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+        pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels

examples/circleci-minimal.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux wheels.
           command: |
-            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==3.4.1
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux aarch64 wheels.
           command: |
-            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==3.4.1
             python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           name: Build the OS X wheels.
           command: |
             sudo softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license  # for python<=3.8 or x86_64/universal2 tests
-            pip3 install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+            pip3 install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/

examples/cirrus-ci-intel-mac.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
   install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
   run_cibuildwheel_script:
     - cibuildwheel
   wheels_artifacts:

examples/cirrus-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
   install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
   run_cibuildwheel_script:
     - cibuildwheel
   wheels_artifacts:

examples/github-deploy.yml

@@ -48,10 +48,12 @@ jobs:
             platform: pyodide
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.1
         env:
           CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.platform || 'auto' }}
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.archs || 'auto' }}
@@ -70,7 +72,9 @@ jobs:
     name: Build source distribution
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build sdist
         run: pipx run build --sdist

examples/github-minimal.yml

@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, windows-11-arm, macos-15-intel, macos-14]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.1
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
         #   ...

examples/github-pipx.yml

@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, windows-11-arm, macos-15-intel, macos-14]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        run: pipx run cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+        run: pipx run cibuildwheel==3.4.1
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:

examples/github-with-qemu.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, windows-11-arm, macos-15-intel, macos-14]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         if: runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64'
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
           platforms: all
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.1
         env:
           # configure cibuildwheel on Linux to build native archs ('auto'),
           # and to split the remaining architectures between the x86_64 and

examples/gitlab-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ linux:
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:
     paths:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ windows:
   before_script:
     - choco install python -y --allow-downgrade --version 3.12.4
     - choco install git.install -y
-    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
   script:
     - py -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform windows
   artifacts:
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ windows:
 macos:
   image: macos-14-xcode-15
   before_script:
-    - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+    - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
   script:
     - python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:

examples/gitlab-with-qemu.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ linux:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
     # Warning: This is extremely slow, be careful with how many wheels you build
     - docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
     # Assuming your CI runner's default architecture is x86_64...
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform linux --archs aarch64
   artifacts:

examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-# As written, this configuration will build your wheels on every
-# commit, but will only push to PyPI on tagged commits.
-
-os: linux
-dist: jammy
-language: python
-python: "3.12"
-
-jobs:
-  include:
-    # perform a linux build
-    - services: docker
-    # and a windows build
-    - os: windows
-      language: shell
-      before_install:
-        - choco upgrade python -y --version 3.12.4
-        - export PATH="/c/Python312:/c/Python312/Scripts:$PATH"
-        # make sure it's on PATH as 'python3'
-        - ln -s /c/Python312/python.exe /c/Python312/python3.exe
-
-install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
-
-script:
-  # build the wheels, put them into './dist'
-  - python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir dist
-
-deploy:
-  provider: pypi
-  username: "__token__"
-  skip_cleanup: true
-  on:
-    tags: true
-  password:
-    secure: "" # Set to an encrypted API token. See https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/deployment/pypi/

examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-os: linux
-dist: jammy
-language: python
-python: "3.12"
-
-jobs:
-  include:
-    # perform a linux build
-    - services: docker
-    # perform a linux ARMv8 build
-    - services: docker
-      arch: arm64
-    # perform a linux PPC64LE build
-    - services: docker
-      arch: ppc64le
-    # perform a linux S390X build
-    - services: docker
-      arch: s390x
-    # and a windows build
-    - os: windows
-      language: shell
-      before_install:
-        - choco upgrade python -y --version 3.12.4
-        - export PATH="/c/Python312:/c/Python312/Scripts:$PATH"
-        # make sure it's on PATH as 'python3'
-        - ln -s /c/Python312/python.exe /c/Python312/python3.exe
-
-install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0
-
-script:
-  # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'
-  - python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse

examples/travis-ci-test-and-deploy.yml

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-# In this configuration, the package is tested against multiple versions of python
-# on Linux and on one version of Python on Windows. If and only if all tests pass
-# will the wheels be built and deployed. Further, deployment is only initiated if
-# the current branch is "main", the current commit is tagged, and the current
-# repo is yours (e.g. it won't run on a Pull Request). For convenience, a source
-# distribution is also created.
-
-os: linux
-dist: jammy
-language: python
-python: "3.12"
-
-before_install:
-  - |
-    if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = windows ]]; then
-        choco upgrade python -y --version 3.12.4
-        export PATH="/c/Python312:/c/Python312/Scripts:$PATH"
-        # make sure it's on PATH as 'python3'
-        ln -s /c/Python312/python.exe /c/Python312/python3.exe
-    fi
-
-install:
-  - python3 -m pip install pytest
-
-script:
-  - python3 -m pip install .
-  - pytest
-
-stages:
-  - test
-  # Only execute deployment stage on tagged commits, and from your repository
-  # (e.g. not PRs). Replace with your repo name.
-  - name: deploy
-    if: tag IS PRESENT AND repo = pypa/cibuildwheel
-    # To only build tags that look like vX.Y.Z:
-    #   if: tag =~ ^v\d+\.\d+\.\d+$ AND repo = pypa/cibuildwheel
-
-jobs:
-  include:
-    # Optional: run a test on Windows
-    - os: windows
-      language: shell
-      name: Test on Windows
-
-    # Deploy source distribution
-    - stage: deploy
-      name: Deploy source distribution
-      install: python3 -m pip install build twine
-      script: python3 -m build --sdist --formats=gztar
-      after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing dist/*.tar.gz
-    # Deploy on linux
-    - stage: deploy
-      name: Build and deploy Linux wheels
-      services: docker
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0 twine
-      script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-      after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
-    # Deploy on windows
-    - stage: deploy
-      name: Build and deploy Windows wheels
-      os: windows
-      language: shell
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0 twine
-      script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-      after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
-
-env:
-  global:
-    - TWINE_USERNAME=__token__
-    # Note: TWINE_PASSWORD is set to a PyPI API token in Travis settings

noxfile.py

@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ def lint(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     """
     Run the linter.
     """
-    session.install("pre-commit")
+    session.install("prek")
-    session.run("pre-commit", "run", "--all-files", *session.posargs)
+    session.run("prek", "run", "--all-files", *session.posargs)
 
 
 @nox.session(tags=["lint"])

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "cibuildwheel"
-version = "3.3.0"
+version = "3.4.1"
 description = "Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration."
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "BSD-2-Clause"
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ keywords = [
     "macos",
     "packaging",
     "pypi",
-    "travis",
     "wheel",
     "windows",
 ]
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ test = [
     "pytest-timeout",
     "pytest-xdist",
     "pytest-rerunfailures!=16.0",
-    "pytest>=6",
+    "pytest>=9",
     "setuptools",
     "tomli_w",
     "validate-pyproject",
@@ -104,11 +103,11 @@ dev = [
 ]
 
 
-[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+[tool.pytest]
-minversion = "6.0"
+minversion = "9.0"
-addopts = ["-ra", "--showlocals", "--strict-markers", "--strict-config", "--xdoctest", "--ignore-glob=*venv*"]
+addopts = ["-ra", "--showlocals", "--xdoctest", "--ignore-glob=*venv*"]
+strict = true
 junit_family = "xunit2"
-xfail_strict = true
 filterwarnings = ["error"]
 log_level = "INFO"
 markers = [
@@ -117,6 +116,7 @@ markers = [
     "android: tests that run on Android",
     "pyodide: tests that run on Pyodide",
 ]
+required_plugins = ["pytest-rerunfailures"]
 
 [tool.mypy]
 python_version = "3.11"
@@ -128,17 +128,10 @@ files = [
     "noxfile.py",
 ]
 warn_unused_configs = true
-
 strict = true
-disallow_untyped_defs = false
-
 enable_error_code = ["ignore-without-code", "redundant-expr", "truthy-bool"]
 warn_unreachable = false
 
-[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
-module = "cibuildwheel.*"
-disallow_untyped_defs = true
-
 [[tool.mypy.overrides]]
 module = [
     "setuptools._distutils", # needed even if only directly import setuptools._distutils.util
@@ -190,6 +183,7 @@ messages_control.disable = [
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff]
+show-fixes = true
 line-length = 100
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]
@@ -197,6 +191,7 @@ extend-select = [
   "B",           # flake8-bugbear
   "I",           # isort
   "ARG",         # flake8-unused-arguments
+  "ANN",         # flake8-annotations
   "C4",          # flake8-comprehensions
   "EM",          # flake8-errmsg
   "ICN",         # flake8-import-conventions
@@ -211,6 +206,7 @@ extend-select = [
   "RUF",         # Ruff-specific
   "SIM",         # flake8-simplify
   "TID251",      # flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api
+  "TID252",      # flake8-tidy-imports.relative-imports
   "UP",          # pyupgrade
   "YTT",         # flake8-2020
   "EXE",         # flake8-executable
@@ -227,15 +223,17 @@ extend-select = [
   "TC",          # flake8-type-checking
 ]
 ignore = [
-  "PLR",     # Design related pylint codes
+  "PLR09",   # Design related pylint codes
+  "PLR2004", # Magic value in comparison
   "RET504", "RET505", "RET508",  # else after control flow
   "PT007",   # Lists of tuples in Pytest
   "PYI025",  # Set as AbstractSet
-  "ISC001",  # Conflicts with formatter
-  "EXE003",  # Ruff doesn't like uv?
   "PTH123",  # open -> Path.open
 ]
 flake8-unused-arguments.ignore-variadic-names = true
+flake8-tidy-imports.ban-relative-imports = "all"
+flake8-annotations.allow-star-arg-any = true
+flake8-annotations.mypy-init-return = true
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api]
 "typing.Mapping".msg = "Use collections.abc.Mapping instead."
@@ -245,7 +243,8 @@ flake8-unused-arguments.ignore-variadic-names = true
 "typing.Set".msg = "Use collections.abc.Set instead."
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
-"unit_test/*" = ["PLC1901"]
+"unit_test/*" = ["PLC1901", "TID252"]
+"test/*" = ["TID252"]
 "bin/*" = ["TID251"]
 "cibuildwheel/resources/install_certifi.py" = ["PTH"]
 

test/conftest.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from cibuildwheel.selector import EnableGroup
 from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS
 from cibuildwheel.venv import find_uv
 
+from . import utils
 from .utils import DEFAULT_CIBW_ENABLE, EMULATED_ARCHS, get_platform
 
 
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser: pytest.Parser) -> None:
     )
 
 
-def pytest_configure(config):
+def pytest_configure(config: pytest.Config) -> None:
     flag_enable = config.getoption("--enable")
     flag_platform = config.getoption("--platform")
 
@@ -163,8 +164,8 @@ def build_frontend_env_nouv(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> dict[str, str]:
     return {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": frontend}
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(params=["pip", "build", "build[uv]"])
+@pytest.fixture(params=["pip", "build", "build[uv]", "uv"])
-def build_frontend_env(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> dict[str, str]:
+def build_frontend_env(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> Generator[dict[str, str], None, None]:
     frontend = request.param
     marks = {m.name for m in request.node.iter_markers()}
     if "android" in marks:
@@ -178,15 +179,25 @@ def build_frontend_env(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> dict[str, str]:
 
     if platform in {"pyodide", "ios", "android"} and frontend == "pip":
         pytest.skip(f"Can't use pip as build frontend for {platform}")
-    if platform == "pyodide" and frontend == "build[uv]":
+    if platform == "pyodide" and frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}:
         pytest.skip("Can't use uv with pyodide yet")
     uv_path = find_uv()
-    if uv_path is None and frontend == "build[uv]":
+    if uv_path is None and frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}:
         pytest.skip("Can't find uv, so skipping uv tests")
     if uv_path is not None and frontend == "build" and platform not in {"android", "ios"}:
         pytest.skip("No need to check build when uv is present")
 
-    return {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": frontend}
+    # temporary workaround: uv doesn't work with graalpy yet
+    uses_uv = "uv" in frontend
+    env: dict[str, str] = {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": frontend}
+    if uses_uv:
+        utils.include_graalpy_in_expected_wheels = False
+        env["CIBW_SKIP"] = "gp*"  # skip graalpy when using uv, until uv supports it
+    try:
+        yield env
+    finally:
+        if uses_uv:
+            utils.include_graalpy_in_expected_wheels = True
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

test/test_0_basic.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import packaging.utils
 import pytest
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
 
 
 @pytest.mark.serial
-def test_dummy_serial():
+def test_dummy_serial() -> None:
     """A no-op test to ensure that at least one serial test is always found.
 
     Without this no-op test, CI fails on CircleCI because no serial tests are
@@ -29,7 +30,9 @@ def test_dummy_serial():
     """
 
 
-def test(tmp_path, build_frontend_env, capfd):
+def test(
+    tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env: dict[str, str], capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ def test(tmp_path, build_frontend_env, capfd):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skip(reason="to keep test output clean")
-def test_sample_build(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_sample_build(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -70,7 +73,9 @@ def test_sample_build(tmp_path, capfd):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "enable_setting", ["", "cpython-prerelease", "pypy", "cpython-freethreading"]
 )
-def test_build_identifiers(tmp_path, enable_setting, monkeypatch):
+def test_build_identifiers(
+    tmp_path: Path, enable_setting: str, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -93,7 +98,9 @@ def test_build_identifiers(tmp_path, enable_setting, monkeypatch):
         (None, {"CIBW_ALLOW_EMPTY": "1"}),
     ],
 )
-def test_allow_empty(tmp_path, add_args, env_allow_empty):
+def test_allow_empty(
+    tmp_path: Path, add_args: list[str] | None, env_allow_empty: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_abi_variants.py

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
 
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ limited_api_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
 limited_api_project.files["pyproject.toml"] = pyproject_toml
 
 
-def test_abi3(tmp_path):
+def test_abi3(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     limited_api_project.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ def test_abi3(tmp_path):
         add_env={
             # free_threaded, GraalPy, and PyPy do not have a Py_LIMITED_API equivalent, just build one of those
             # also limit the number of builds for test performance reasons
-            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-* cp310-* pp310-* gp312_250-* cp312-* cp313t-*",
+            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-* cp310-* pp310-* gp312_250-* cp312-* cp314t-*",
             "CIBW_ENABLE": "all",
         },
     )
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ def test_abi3(tmp_path):
             python_abi_tags=[
                 "cp39-cp39",
                 "cp310-abi3",  # <-- ABI3, works with 3.10 and 3.12
-                "cp313-cp313t",
+                "cp314-cp314t",
                 "pp310-pypy310_pp73",
                 "graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native",
             ],
@@ -178,7 +181,7 @@ ctypes_project.files["test/add_test.py"] = textwrap.dedent(
 ctypes_project.files["pyproject.toml"] = pyproject_toml
 
 
-def test_abi_none(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_abi_none(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     ctypes_project.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ def test_abi_none(tmp_path, capfd):
             "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": "pytest",
             "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": f"{utils.invoke_pytest()} {{project}}/test",
             # limit the number of builds for test performance reasons
-            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp38-* cp{}{}-* cp313t-* pp310-*".format(*utils.SINGLE_PYTHON_VERSION),
+            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp38-* cp{}{}-* cp314t-* pp310-*".format(*utils.SINGLE_PYTHON_VERSION),
             "CIBW_ENABLE": "all",
         },
     )

test/test_android.py

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ import os
 import platform
 import re
 import sys
+import typing
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from shutil import rmtree
+from shutil import rmtree, which
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError
 from textwrap import dedent
 from zipfile import ZipFile
@@ -52,8 +54,10 @@ if "ANDROID_HOME" not in os.environ:
 # Many CI services don't support running the Android emulator: see platforms.md.
 supports_emulator = (not ci) or ("GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ and platform.system() == "Linux")
 
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound=Callable[..., typing.Any])
 
-def needs_emulator(test):
+
+def needs_emulator(test: T) -> T:
     # All copies of the testbed app run on the same emulator with the same
     # application ID, so these tests must be run serially.
     test = pytest.mark.serial(test)
@@ -85,7 +89,7 @@ cp313_env = {
 }
 
 
-def test_android_home(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_android_home(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
     env = os.environ.copy()
     del env["ANDROID_HOME"]
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ def test_android_home(tmp_path, capfd):
 # a build, which is marked as serial so it will run before the parallel tests, but isn't
 # marked as needs_emulator so it will run on all CI platforms.
 @pytest.mark.serial
-def test_expected_wheels(tmp_path, spam_env):
+def test_expected_wheels(tmp_path: Path, spam_env: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     # Since this test covers all Python versions, check the cross venv.
     test_module = "_cross_venv_test_android"
     project = new_c_project(setup_py_add=f"import {test_module}")
@@ -119,7 +123,7 @@ def test_expected_wheels(tmp_path, spam_env):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_frontend_good(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
+def test_frontend_good(tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
     wheels = cibuildwheel_run(
         tmp_path,
@@ -129,7 +133,7 @@ def test_frontend_good(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("frontend", ["pip"])
-def test_frontend_bad(frontend, tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_frontend_bad(frontend: str, tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
     with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError):
         cibuildwheel_run(
@@ -140,7 +144,7 @@ def test_frontend_bad(frontend, tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_archs(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_archs(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
 
     # Build all architectures while checking the handling of the `before` commands.
@@ -189,7 +193,7 @@ def test_archs(tmp_path, capfd):
         pytest.fail(f"Unexpected line: {line!r}")
 
 
-def test_build_requires(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_build_requires(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     # Build-time requirements should be installed for the build platform, not for Android. Prove
     # this by installing some non-pure-Python requirements and using them in setup.py.
     #
@@ -226,13 +230,13 @@ def test_build_requires(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def spam_env(tmp_path):
+def spam_env(tmp_path: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
     project = new_c_project()
     project.files["test_spam.py"] = dedent(
         """\
         import spam
 
-        def test_spam():
+        def test_spam() -> None:
             assert spam.filter("ham")
             assert not spam.filter("spam")
             print("Spam test passed")
@@ -240,7 +244,7 @@ def spam_env(tmp_path):
     )
     project.files["test_empty.py"] = dedent(
         """\
-        def test_empty():
+        def test_empty() -> None:
             pass
         """
     )
@@ -265,7 +269,13 @@ def spam_env(tmp_path):
         ("pytest test_spam.py", "=== 1 passed in "),
     ],
 )
-def test_test_command_good(command, expected_output, tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
+def test_test_command_good(
+    command: str,
+    expected_output: str,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    spam_env: dict[str, str],
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
     cibuildwheel_run(tmp_path, add_env={**spam_env, "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": command})
     stdout, stderr = capfd.readouterr()
     assert expected_output in stdout
@@ -300,7 +310,13 @@ BAD_PLACEHOLDER_ERROR = (
         ("pytest test_ham.py", "not found: test_ham.py"),
     ],
 )
-def test_test_command_bad(command, expected_output, tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
+def test_test_command_bad(
+    command: str,
+    expected_output: str,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    spam_env: dict[str, str],
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError):
         cibuildwheel_run(tmp_path, add_env={**spam_env, "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": command})
     assert expected_output in capfd.readouterr().err
@@ -314,7 +330,9 @@ def test_test_command_bad(command, expected_output, tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
         ("-E", 1),
     ],
 )
-def test_test_command_python_options(options, expected, tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_test_command_python_options(
+    options: str, expected: int, tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
     project = new_c_project()
     project.generate(tmp_path)
 
@@ -330,7 +348,9 @@ def test_test_command_python_options(options, expected, tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_package_subdir(tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
+def test_package_subdir(
+    tmp_path: Path, spam_env: dict[str, str], capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
     spam_paths = list(tmp_path.iterdir())
     package_dir = tmp_path / "package"
     package_dir.mkdir()
@@ -345,7 +365,7 @@ def test_package_subdir(tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_no_test_sources(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_no_test_sources(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
     with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError):
         cibuildwheel_run(
@@ -359,17 +379,17 @@ def test_no_test_sources(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_environment_markers(tmp_path):
+def test_environment_markers(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project = new_c_project()
     test_filename = "test_environment_markers.py"
     project.files[test_filename] = dedent(
         """\
         import pytest
 
-        def test_android():
+        def test_android() -> None:
             import certifi
 
-        def test_not_android():
+        def test_not_android() -> None:
             try:
                 import platformdirs
             except ImportError:
@@ -392,7 +412,7 @@ def test_environment_markers(tmp_path):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_verbosity(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_verbosity(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
     test_env = {
         **cp313_env,
@@ -418,7 +438,7 @@ def test_verbosity(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_api_level(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_api_level(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     project = new_c_project()
     project.files["pyproject.toml"] = dedent(
         """\
@@ -450,7 +470,7 @@ def test_api_level(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_libcxx(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_libcxx(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     output_dir = tmp_path / "output"
 
@@ -496,3 +516,162 @@ def test_libcxx(tmp_path, capfd):
     assert len(wheels) == 1
     for name in ZipFile(output_dir / wheels[0]).namelist():
         assert ".libs" not in name
+
+
+@needs_emulator
+def test_setuptools_rust(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+    """
+    Test Android cross-compilation using the setuptools-rust toolchain.
+    """
+    if not which("rustup") or not which("cargo"):
+        pytest.skip("rustup and cargo are required for this test")
+
+    # Initialize a basic project and override files for setuptools-rust
+    project = new_c_project()
+    project.files["pyproject.toml"] = dedent(
+        """\
+       [build-system]
+       requires = ["setuptools", "wheel", "setuptools-rust"]
+       """
+    )
+    project.files["setup.py"] = dedent(
+        """\
+       from setuptools import setup
+       from setuptools_rust import Binding, RustExtension
+
+       setup(
+           name="spam",
+           version="0.1.0",
+           rust_extensions=[RustExtension("spam.rust_ext", binding=Binding.PyO3)],
+           zip_safe=False,
+       )
+       """
+    )
+    project.files["Cargo.toml"] = dedent(
+        """\
+       [package]
+       name = "rust_ext"
+       version = "0.1.0"
+       edition = "2021"
+
+       [lib]
+       name = "rust_ext"
+       crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+       [dependencies]
+       pyo3 = { version = "0.23.3", features = ["extension-module"] }
+       """
+    )
+
+    # Create the Rust source directory and file
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    project.files["src/lib.rs"] = dedent(
+        """\
+       use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+       #[pyfunction]
+       fn hello() -> PyResult<String> {
+           Ok("Hello from Rust via setuptools-rust!".to_string())
+       }
+
+       #[pymodule]
+       fn rust_ext(_py: Python, m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
+           m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(hello, m)?)?;
+           Ok(())
+       }
+       """
+    )
+
+    project.generate(tmp_path)
+
+    # Command to verify the built extension on the Android emulator
+    test_command = "python -c 'import spam.rust_ext; print(spam.rust_ext.hello())'"
+
+    # Run cibuildwheel to build and test the wheel
+    wheels = cibuildwheel_run(
+        tmp_path,
+        add_env={
+            **cp313_env,
+            "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": test_command,
+            "CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY": "1",
+        },
+    )
+
+    # Verification
+    assert len(wheels) == 1
+    stdout = capfd.readouterr().out
+    assert "Hello from Rust via setuptools-rust!" in stdout
+
+
+@needs_emulator
+def test_maturin(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+    """
+    Test Android cross-compilation using the maturin backend.
+    """
+    if not which("rustup") or not which("cargo"):
+        pytest.skip("rustup and cargo are required for this test")
+
+    project = new_c_project()
+    project.files["pyproject.toml"] = dedent(
+        """\
+        [build-system]
+        # maturin >= 1.11.0 is required for reliable Android cross-compilation support.
+        requires = ["maturin>=1.11.0,<2.0"]
+        build-backend = "maturin"
+
+        [project]
+        name = "spam"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        """
+    )
+    project.files["Cargo.toml"] = dedent(
+        """\
+        [package]
+        name = "spam"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        edition = "2021"
+
+        [lib]
+        name = "spam"
+        crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+        [dependencies]
+        pyo3 = { version = "0.23.3", features = ["extension-module"] }
+        """
+    )
+
+    (tmp_path / "src").mkdir()
+    project.files["src/lib.rs"] = dedent(
+        """\
+        use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+        #[pyfunction]
+        fn hello() -> PyResult<String> {
+            Ok("Hello from Rust via maturin!".to_string())
+        }
+
+        #[pymodule]
+        fn spam(_py: Python, m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
+            m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(hello, m)?)?;
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        """
+    )
+
+    project.generate(tmp_path)
+    (tmp_path / "setup.py").unlink()
+
+    test_command = "python -c 'import spam; print(spam.hello())'"
+
+    wheels = cibuildwheel_run(
+        tmp_path,
+        add_env={
+            **cp313_env,
+            "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": test_command,
+            "CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY": "1",
+        },
+    )
+
+    assert len(wheels) == 1
+    stdout = capfd.readouterr().out
+    assert "Hello from Rust via maturin!" in stdout

test/test_before_all.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ project_with_before_build_asserts = test_projects.new_c_project(
 )
 
 
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_before_build_asserts.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ def test(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_failing_command(tmp_path):
+def test_failing_command(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     test_projects.new_c_project().generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ def test_failing_command(tmp_path):
         )
 
 
-def test_cwd(tmp_path):
+def test_cwd(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     test_projects.new_c_project().generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_before_build.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ project_with_before_build_asserts = test_projects.new_c_project(
 )
 
 
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_before_build_asserts.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ def test(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_failing_command(tmp_path):
+def test_failing_command(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     test_projects.new_c_project().generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ def test_failing_command(tmp_path):
         )
 
 
-def test_cwd(tmp_path):
+def test_cwd(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     test_projects.new_c_project().generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_before_test.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
 from . import test_projects, utils
 
 before_test_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ PROJECT_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
 
 
 class TestBeforeTest(TestCase):
-    def test_version(self):
+    def test_version(self) -> None:
         # assert that the Python version as written to pythonversion_bt.txt in the CIBW_BEFORE_TEST step
         # is the same one as is currently running.
         # because of use symlinks in MacOS run this test is also need
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ class TestBeforeTest(TestCase):
         print('sys.version', sys.version)
         assert stored_version == sys.version
 
-    def test_prefix(self):
+    def test_prefix(self) -> None:
         # check that the prefix also was written
         stored_prefix = PROJECT_DIR.joinpath('pythonprefix_bt.txt').read_text()
         print('stored_prefix', stored_prefix)
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ class TestBeforeTest(TestCase):
 """
 
 
-def test(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
+def test(tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     before_test_project.generate(project_dir)
     test_project_dir = project_dir / "dependency"

test/test_build_frontend_args.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from . import utils
+from . import test_projects, utils
-from .test_projects.c import new_c_project
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@ from .test_projects.c import new_c_project
         "build",
     ],
 )
-def test_build_frontend_args(tmp_path, capfd, frontend_name):
+def test_build_frontend_args(
-    project = new_c_project()
+    tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str], frontend_name: str
+) -> None:
+    project = test_projects.new_c_project()
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project.generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_build_skip.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ project_with_skip_asserts = test_projects.new_c_project(
 )
 
 
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_skip_asserts.generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_container_engine.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
@@ -5,7 +7,9 @@ from . import test_projects, utils
 basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
 
 
-def test_podman(tmp_path, capfd, request):
+def test_podman(
+    tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str], request: pytest.FixtureRequest
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")
 
@@ -35,7 +39,7 @@ def test_podman(tmp_path, capfd, request):
     assert "test log statement from before-all" in captured.out
 
 
-def test_create_args(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_create_args(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")
 

test/test_container_images.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import platform
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ dockcross_only_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
 
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("docker_cleanup")
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")
     if platform.machine() not in ["x86_64", "i686"]:

test/test_cpp_standards.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import jinja2
 
 from . import utils
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ cpp_test_project.files["setup.py"] = jinja2.Template(setup_py_template)
 cpp_test_project.files["spam.cpp"] = jinja2.Template(spam_cpp_template)
 
 
-def test_cpp11(tmp_path):
+def test_cpp11(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # This test checks that the C++11 standard is supported
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     cpp11_project = cpp_test_project.copy()
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ def test_cpp11(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_cpp14(tmp_path):
+def test_cpp14(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # This test checks that the C++14 standard is supported
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     cpp14_project = cpp_test_project.copy()
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ def test_cpp14(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_cpp17(tmp_path):
+def test_cpp17(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # This test checks that the C++17 standard is supported
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     cpp17_project = cpp_test_project.copy()

test/test_custom_repair_wheel.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
 from contextlib import nullcontext as does_not_raise
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ shutil.copy(wheel, dest)
 """
 
 
-def test(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     # this test checks that a generated wheel name shall be unique in a given cibuildwheel run
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ def test(tmp_path, capfd):
     ],
     ids=["no-placeholder", "package-placeholder", "project-placeholder"],
 )
-def test_repair_wheel_command_structure(tmp_path, repair_command):
+def test_repair_wheel_command_structure(tmp_path: Path, repair_command: str) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project = test_projects.new_c_project()
     project.files["repair.py"] = textwrap.dedent("""

test/test_dependency_versions.py

@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ for name, expected_version in expected_versions.items():
 """
 
 
-def test_check_versions_script(tmp_path, build_frontend_env_nouv, capfd):
+def test_check_versions_script(
+    tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env_nouv: dict[str, str], capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() == "linux":
         pytest.skip("we don't test dependency versions on linux, refer to other tests")
 
@@ -76,7 +78,9 @@ def get_versions_from_constraint_file(constraint_file: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("python_version", ["3.8", "3.12"])
-def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env_nouv):
+def test_pinned_versions(
+    tmp_path: Path, python_version: str, build_frontend_env_nouv: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() == "linux":
         pytest.skip("linux doesn't pin individual tool versions, it pins manylinux images instead")
     if python_version != "3.12" and utils.get_platform() == "pyodide":
@@ -127,7 +131,9 @@ def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env_nouv):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["inline", "file"])
-def test_dependency_constraints(method, tmp_path, build_frontend_env_nouv):
+def test_dependency_constraints(
+    method: str, tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env_nouv: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() == "linux":
         pytest.skip("linux doesn't pin individual tool versions, it pins manylinux images instead")
 

test/test_emulation.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import itertools
 import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -10,13 +11,13 @@ project_with_a_test = test_projects.new_c_project()
 project_with_a_test.files["test/spam_test.py"] = r"""
 import spam
 
-def test_spam():
+def test_spam() -> None:
     assert spam.filter("spam") == 0
     assert spam.filter("ham") != 0
 """
 
 
-def test(tmp_path, request):
+def test(tmp_path: Path, request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> None:
     archs = request.config.getoption("--run-emulation")
     if archs is None:
         pytest.skip("needs --run-emulation option to run")
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ def test(tmp_path, request):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_setting_arch_on_other_platforms(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_setting_arch_on_other_platforms(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() == "linux":
         pytest.skip("this test checks the behaviour on platforms other than linux")
 

test/test_environment.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ project_with_environment_asserts = test_projects.new_c_project(
 )
 
 
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     python_echo = f"'{sys.executable}' -c \"import sys; print(*sys.argv[1:])\""
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_environment_asserts.generate(project_dir)
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ def test(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_overridden_path(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_overridden_path(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     output_dir = tmp_path / "output"
 
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ def test_overridden_path(tmp_path, capfd):
         ),
     ],
 )
-def test_overridden_pip_constraint(tmp_path, build_frontend):
+def test_overridden_pip_constraint(tmp_path: Path, build_frontend: str) -> None:
     """
     Verify that users can use PIP_CONSTRAINT to specify a specific version of
     a build-system.requires dependency, by asserting the version of pytz in the