Bump version: v3.3.1

* Update deps

nox --force-color -s update_constraints && nox --force-color -s update_pins

* update deps

nox -s update_pins

---------

Co-authored-by: mayeut <mayeut@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
       attestations: write
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
       with:
         name: Packages
         path: dist

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -79,9 +79,13 @@ jobs:
         - os: macos-15
           python_version: '3.13'
           test_select: ios
+          # Exercise iOS on a non-default simulator.
+          test_runtime: 'args: --simulator "iPhone 16e,OS=18.5"'
         - os: macos-15-intel
           python_version: '3.13'
           test_select: android
+          # Exercise Android on a non-default simulator
+          test_runtime: 'args: --managed minVersion'
         - os: macos-15
           python_version: '3.13'
           test_select: android
@@ -94,7 +98,7 @@ jobs:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
 
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
 
     - name: Free up disk space
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'
@@ -154,6 +158,7 @@ jobs:
         CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64
         CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: ${{ matrix.test_select && 'build' || 'build[uv]' }}
         CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.test_select }}
+        CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.test_runtime }}
 
     - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action, only)
       uses: ./
@@ -179,6 +184,7 @@ jobs:
       uses: ./
       env:
         CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.test_select }}
+        CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.test_runtime }}
       with:
         package-dir: sample_proj
         output-dir: wheelhouse_config_file
@@ -196,12 +202,14 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         test $(find wheelhouse_only -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
       with:
         name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
         path: wheelhouse/*.whl
 
     - name: Test cibuildwheel
+      env:
+        CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.test_runtime }}
       run: |
         uv run --no-sync bin/run_tests.py --test-select=${{ matrix.test_select || 'native' }} ${{ (runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64') && '--run-podman' || '' }}
 
@@ -216,7 +224,7 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
     - name: Get qemu emulated architectures
@@ -239,7 +247,7 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
@@ -260,7 +268,7 @@ jobs:
       name: Install Python 3.12
       with:
         python-version: '3.12'
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
-    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2025.05.01
+    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2025.10.16
 
     - name: "Run update: dependencies"
       run: nox --force-color -s update_constraints

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ repos:
   - id: trailing-whitespace
 
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.14.0
+  rev: v0.14.4
   hooks:
   - id: ruff-check
     args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ repos:
 
 
 - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-  rev: 0.34.0
+  rev: 0.34.1
   hooks:
     - id: check-dependabot
     - id: check-github-actions

README.md

@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ Usage
 
 |                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM | macOS ARM | Windows ARM | Android | iOS |
 |-----------------|-------|-------|---------|-----------|-----------|-------------|---------|-----|
-| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       | ✅        | ✅        | ✅²         | ✅⁴      | ✅³⁵ |
+| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       | ✅        | ✅        | ✅²         | ✅⁴      | ✅³  |
-| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       |           | ✅        | ✅²         | ✅⁴      | ✅³⁵ |
+| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       |           | ✅        | ✅²         | ✅⁴      | ✅³  |
 | Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅        |           |             | ✅⁴      |     |
 | CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅        | ✅        |             | ✅⁴      | ✅³  |
 | Gitlab CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅¹       | ✅        |             | ✅⁴      | ✅³  |
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ Usage
 <sup>² [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup><br>
 <sup>³ Requires a macOS runner; runs tests on the simulator for the runner's architecture. </sup><br>
 <sup>⁴ Building for Android requires the runner to be Linux x86_64, macOS ARM64 or macOS x86_64. Testing has [additional requirements](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/platforms/#android).</sup><br>
-<sup>⁵ The `macos-15` and `macos-latest` images are [incompatible with cibuildwheel at this time](platforms/#ios-system-requirements)</sup><br> when building iOS wheels.
 
 <!--intro-end-->
 
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
 
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
 
       - name: Build wheels
         run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -160,12 +159,13 @@ The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platf
 |  | [`test-groups`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-groups) | Specify test dependencies from your project's `dependency-groups` |
 |  | [`test-skip`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-skip) | Skip running tests on some builds |
 |  | [`test-environment`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-environment) | Set environment variables for the test environment |
+|  | [`test-runtime`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-runtime) | Controls how the tests will be executed. |
 | **Debugging** | [`debug-keep-container`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#debug-keep-container) | Keep the container after running for debugging. |
 |  | [`debug-traceback`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#debug-traceback) | Print full traceback when errors occur. |
 |  | [`build-verbosity`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-verbosity) | Increase/decrease the output of the build |
 
 
-<!--[[[end]]] (sum: FxE3nIgFiY) -->
+<!--[[[end]]] (sum: dbfwOkj/k/) -->
 
 These options can be specified in a pyproject.toml file, or as environment variables, see [configuration docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/configuration/).
 
@@ -230,6 +230,26 @@ Changelog
 
 <!-- [[[cog from readme_changelog import mini_changelog; print(mini_changelog()) ]]] -->
 
+### v3.3.1
+
+_5 January 2026_
+
+- 🛠 Update dependencies and container pins, including updating to CPython 3.14.2. (#2708)
+
+### v3.3.0
+
+_12 November 2025_
+
+- 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with Docker v29 (#2660)
+- ✨ Adds `test-runtime` option, to customise how tests on simulated/emulated environments are run (#2636)
+- ✨ Adds support for new `manylinux_2_35` images on 32-bit ARM `armv7l`, offering better C++20 compatibility (#2656)
+- ✨ `build[uv]` is now supported on Android (#2587)
+- ✨ You can now install extras (such as `uv`) with a simple option on the GitHub Action (#2630)
+- ✨ `{project}` and `{package}` placeholders are now supported in `repair-wheel-command` (#2589)
+- 🛠 The versions set with `dependency-versions` no longer constrain packages specified by your `build-system.requires`. Previously, on platforms other than Linux, the constraints in this option would remain in the environment during the build. This has been tidied up make behaviour more consistent between platforms, and to prevent version conflicts. (#2583)
+- 🛠 Improve the handling of `test-command` on Android, enabling more options to be passed (#2590)
+- 📚 Docs improvements (#2618)
+
 ### v3.2.1
 
 _12 October 2025_
@@ -267,30 +287,7 @@ _19 August 2025_
 - 🧪 Fix and enable doctests (#2546)
 - 📚 Improve our docs on free-threading (#2549)
 
-
+<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: PDe+dJWkRl) -->
-### v3.1.3
-
-_1 August 2025_
-
-- 🐛 Fix bug where "latest" dependencies couldn't update to pip 25.2 on Windows (#2537)
-- 🧪 Use pytest-rerunfailures to improve some of our iOS/Android tests (#2527, #2539)
-- 🧪 Remove some GraalPy Windows workarounds in our tests (#2501)
-
-
-### v3.1.2
-
-_29 July 2025_
-
-- ⚠️  Add an error if `CIBW_FREE_THREADING_SUPPORT` is set; you are likely missing 3.13t wheels, please use the `enable`/`CIBW_ENABLE` (#2520)
-- 🛠 `riscv64` now enabled if you target that architecture, it's now supported on PyPI (#2509)
-- 🛠 Add warning when using `cpython-experimental-riscv64` (no longer needed) (#2526, #2528)
-- 🛠 iOS versions bumped, fixing issues with 3.14 (now RC 1) (#2530)
-- 🐛 Fix bug in Android running wheel from our GitHub Action (#2517)
-- 🐛 Fix warning when using `test-skip` of `"*-macosx_universal2:arm64"` (#2522)
-- 🐛 Fix incorrect number of wheels reported in logs, again (#2517)
-- 📚 We welcome our Android platform maintainer (#2516)
-
-<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: ZUsMYXdVXu) -->
 
 ---
 

action.yml

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ inputs:
     description: 'Build a specific wheel only. No need for arch/platform if this is set'
     required: false
     default: ''
+  extras:
+    description: 'Comma-separated list of extras to install'
+    required: false
+    default: ''
 branding:
   icon: package
   color: yellow
@@ -42,6 +46,10 @@ runs:
         from pathlib import Path
         from subprocess import run
 
+        EXTRAS = set(e.strip() for e in "${{ inputs.extras }}".split(",") if e.strip())
+        if sys.platform == "linux":
+            EXTRAS.discard("uv")
+
 
         class EnvBuilder(venv.EnvBuilder):
             def __init__(self):
@@ -53,7 +61,10 @@ runs:
             def post_setup(self, context):
                 super().post_setup(context)
                 self.bin_path = Path(context.env_exe).parent
-                run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "--python", context.env_exe, "install", r"${{ github.action_path }}"], check=True)
+                install_spec = r"${{ github.action_path }}"
+                if EXTRAS:
+                    install_spec += f"[{','.join(sorted(EXTRAS))}]"
+                run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "--python", context.env_exe, "install", install_spec], check=True)
 
 
         print("::group::Install cibuildwheel")
@@ -62,30 +73,47 @@ runs:
             shutil.rmtree(venv_path)
         builder = EnvBuilder()
         builder.create(venv_path)
-        cibw_path = [path for path in builder.bin_path.glob("cibuildwheel*") if path.stem == "cibuildwheel"][0]
+        exposed_binaries = {"cibuildwheel"}
+        if "uv" in EXTRAS:
+            exposed_binaries.add("uv")
+        clean_bin_path = builder.bin_path.parent / f"{builder.bin_path.name}.clean"
+        clean_bin_path.mkdir()
+        for path in list(builder.bin_path.iterdir()):
+            if path.stem in exposed_binaries:
+                try:
+                    os.symlink(path, clean_bin_path / path.name)
+                except OSError:
+                    import shutil
+
+                    shutil.copy2(path, clean_bin_path / path.name)
+        full_path = f"{clean_bin_path}{os.pathsep}{os.environ['PATH']}"
         with open(os.environ["GITHUB_OUTPUT"], "at") as f:
-            f.write(f"cibw-path={cibw_path}\n")
+            f.write(f"updated-path={full_path}\n")
         print("::endgroup::")
         EOF
       shell: bash
 
     # Redirecting stderr to stdout to fix interleaving issue in Actions.
     - run: >
-        "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-path }}"
+        cibuildwheel
         "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
         ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
         ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
         ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
         2>&1
+      env:
+        PATH: "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.updated-path }}"
       shell: bash
       if: runner.os != 'Windows'
 
     # Windows needs powershell to interact nicely with Meson
     - run: >
-        & "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-path }}"
+        cibuildwheel
         "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
         ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
         ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
         ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
+      env:
+        PATH: "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.updated-path }}"
       shell: pwsh
       if: runner.os == 'Windows'

bin/bump_version.py

@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
         sys.exit(1)
 
     # fmt: off
-    print(              'Current version:', current_version)
+    print(              "Current version:", current_version)
-    new_version = input('    New version: ').strip()
+    new_version = input("    New version: ").strip()
     # fmt: on
 
     try:

bin/generate_schema.py

@@ -224,6 +224,24 @@ properties:
   test-environment:
     description: Set environment variables for the test environment
     type: string_table
+  test-runtime:
+    description: Additional configuration for the test runner
+    oneOf:
+      - type: string
+        pattern: '^$'
+      - type: object
+        additionalProperties: false
+      - type: string
+        pattern: 'args:'
+      - type: object
+        additionalProperties: false
+        required: [args]
+        properties:
+          args:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+
 """
 
 schema = yaml.safe_load(starter)
@@ -304,6 +322,7 @@ items:
         test-sources: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         test-requires: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         test-environment: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
+        test-runtime: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
 """
 )
 

bin/update_docker.py

@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ images = [
             "pypy_aarch64",
         ],
     ),
+    # manylinux_2_35 images
+    PyPAImage("manylinux_2_35", ["armv7l"]),
     # manylinux_2_39 images
     PyPAImage("manylinux_2_39", ["riscv64"]),
     # musllinux_1_2 images

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "3.2.1"
+__version__ = "3.3.1"

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ def _compute_platform(args: CommandLineArguments) -> PlatformName:
     if args.only:
         return _compute_platform_only(args.only)
     elif platform_option_value != "auto":
-        return typing.cast(PlatformName, platform_option_value)
+        return typing.cast("PlatformName", platform_option_value)
 
     return native_platform()
 

cibuildwheel/extra.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def dump_python_configurations(
 
 def _json_request(request: urllib.request.Request, timeout: int = 30) -> dict[str, Any]:
     with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=timeout) as response:
-        return typing.cast(dict[str, Any], json.load(response))
+        return typing.cast("dict[str, Any]", json.load(response))
 
 
 def github_api_request(path: str, *, max_retries: int = 3) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -98,4 +98,4 @@ def get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info() -> PyodideXBuildEnvInfo:
         "https://pyodide.github.io/pyodide/api/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json"
     )
     with urllib.request.urlopen(xbuildenv_info_url) as response:
-        return typing.cast(PyodideXBuildEnvInfo, json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8")))
+        return typing.cast("PyodideXBuildEnvInfo", json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8")))

cibuildwheel/frontend.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class BuildFrontendConfig:
             msg = f"Unrecognised build frontend {name!r}, must be one of {names}"
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
-        name = typing.cast(BuildFrontendName, name)
+        name = typing.cast("BuildFrontendName", name)
 
         args = config_dict.get("args") or []
         return cls(name=name, args=args)

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
             msg = f"unknown container engine {name}"
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
-        name = typing.cast(ContainerEngineName, name)
+        name = typing.cast("ContainerEngineName", name)
         # some flexibility in the option names to cope with TOML conventions
         create_args = config_dict.get("create_args") or config_dict.get("create-args") or []
         disable_host_mount_options = (
@@ -116,11 +116,14 @@ DEFAULT_ENGINE = OCIContainerEngineConfig("docker")
 def _check_engine_version(engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig) -> None:
     try:
         version_string = call(engine.name, "version", "-f", "{{json .}}", capture_stdout=True)
-        version_info = json.loads(version_string.strip())
+        # We are using lowercase keys for all dicts so we are not affected by casing of keys
+        version_info = json.loads(
+            version_string.strip(), object_pairs_hook=lambda inp: {k.lower(): v for k, v in inp}
+        )
         match engine.name:
             case "docker":
-                client_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Client"]["ApiVersion"])
+                client_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["client"]["apiversion"])
-                server_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Server"]["ApiVersion"])
+                server_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["server"]["apiversion"])
                 # --platform support was introduced in 1.32 as experimental, 1.41 removed the experimental flag
                 version = min(client_api_version, server_api_version)
                 minimum_version = FlexibleVersion("1.41")
@@ -135,9 +138,9 @@ def _check_engine_version(engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig) -> None:
                 )
             case "podman":
                 # podman uses the same version string for "Version" & "ApiVersion"
-                client_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Client"]["Version"])
+                client_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["client"]["version"])
-                if "Server" in version_info:
+                if "server" in version_info:
-                    server_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Server"]["Version"])
+                    server_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["server"]["version"])
                 else:
                     server_version = client_version
                 # --platform support was introduced in v3
@@ -515,7 +518,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
                 capture_output=True,
             )
         )
-        return typing.cast(dict[str, str], env)
+        return typing.cast("dict[str, str]", env)
 
     def environment_executor(self, command: Sequence[str], environment: dict[str, str]) -> str:
         # used as an EnvironmentExecutor to evaluate commands and capture output

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, resolve_dependency_groups
 from .selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, TestSelector, selector_matches
 from .typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
 from .util import resources
-from .util.helpers import format_safe, strtobool, unwrap
+from .util.helpers import format_safe, parse_key_value_string, strtobool, unwrap
 from .util.packaging import DependencyConstraints
 
 MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
@@ -92,6 +92,20 @@ class GlobalOptions:
     allow_empty: bool
 
 
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TestRuntimeConfig:
+    args: Sequence[str] = ()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self:
+        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, [], ["args"])
+        args = config_dict.get("args") or []
+        return cls(args=args)
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
+        return {"args": repr(self.args)}
+
+
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class BuildOptions:
     globals: GlobalOptions
@@ -110,6 +124,7 @@ class BuildOptions:
     test_extras: str
     test_groups: list[str]
     test_environment: ParsedEnvironment
+    test_runtime: TestRuntimeConfig
     build_verbosity: int
     build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig
     config_settings: str
@@ -761,6 +776,20 @@ class Options:
                 msg = f"Malformed environment option {test_environment_config!r}"
                 raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
 
+            test_runtime_str = self.reader.get(
+                "test-runtime",
+                env_plat=False,
+                option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
+            )
+            if not test_runtime_str:
+                test_runtime = TestRuntimeConfig()
+            else:
+                try:
+                    test_runtime = TestRuntimeConfig.from_config_string(test_runtime_str)
+                except ValueError as e:
+                    msg = f"Failed to parse test runtime config. {e}"
+                    raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
+
             test_requires = self.reader.get(
                 "test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
             ).split()
@@ -868,6 +897,7 @@ class Options:
                 test_command=test_command,
                 test_sources=test_sources,
                 test_environment=test_environment,
+                test_runtime=test_runtime,
                 test_requires=[*test_requires, *test_requirements_from_groups],
                 test_extras=test_extras,
                 test_groups=test_groups,

cibuildwheel/platforms/__init__.py

@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
-from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Final, Protocol
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Final, Protocol
 
 from cibuildwheel import errors
-from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from cibuildwheel.options import Options
 from cibuildwheel.platforms import android, ios, linux, macos, pyodide, windows
-from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
+
-from cibuildwheel.typing import GenericPythonConfiguration, PlatformName
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Sequence
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
+    from cibuildwheel.options import Options
+    from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
+    from cibuildwheel.typing import GenericPythonConfiguration, PlatformName
 
 
 class PlatformModule(Protocol):

cibuildwheel/platforms/android.py

@@ -34,14 +34,12 @@ from ..util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
 from ..util.helpers import prepare_command
 from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
 from ..util.python_build_standalone import create_python_build_standalone_environment
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
+from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
-
+ANDROID_TRIPLET = {
-def android_triplet(identifier: str) -> str:
+    "arm64_v8a": "aarch64-linux-android",
-    return {
+    "x86_64": "x86_64-linux-android",
-        "arm64_v8a": "aarch64-linux-android",
+}
-        "x86_64": "x86_64-linux-android",
-    }[parse_identifier(identifier)[1]]
 
 
 def parse_identifier(identifier: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
@@ -53,6 +51,10 @@ def parse_identifier(identifier: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
     return (f"{major}.{minor}", arch)
 
 
+def android_triplet(identifier: str) -> str:
+    return ANDROID_TRIPLET[parse_identifier(identifier)[1]]
+
+
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 built_wheel = build_wheel(state)
                 repaired_wheel = repair_wheel(state, built_wheel)
 
-            test_wheel(state, repaired_wheel)
+            test_wheel(state, repaired_wheel, build_frontend=build_options.build_frontend.name)
 
             output_wheel: Path | None = None
             if compatible_wheel is None:
@@ -187,6 +189,13 @@ def setup_env(
     * android_env, which uses the environment while simulating running on Android.
     """
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
+    build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend.name
+    use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]"
+    uv_path = find_uv()
+    if use_uv and uv_path is None:
+        msg = "uv not found"
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+    pip = ["pip"] if not use_uv else [str(uv_path), "pip"]
 
     # Create virtual environment
     python_exe = create_python_build_standalone_environment(
@@ -197,14 +206,14 @@ def setup_env(
         version=config.version, tmp_dir=build_path
     )
     build_env = virtualenv(
-        config.version, python_exe, venv_dir, dependency_constraint, use_uv=False
+        config.version, python_exe, venv_dir, dependency_constraint, use_uv=use_uv
     )
     create_cmake_toolchain(config, build_path, python_dir, build_env)
 
     # Apply custom environment variables, and check environment is still valid
     build_env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(build_env)
     build_env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
-    for command in ["python", "pip"]:
+    for command in ["python"] if use_uv else ["python", "pip"]:
         command_path = call("which", command, env=build_env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
         if command_path != f"{venv_dir}/bin/{command}":
             msg = (
@@ -219,11 +228,10 @@ def setup_env(
     android_env = setup_android_env(config, python_dir, venv_dir, build_env)
 
     # Install build tools
-    build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
+    if build_frontend not in {"build", "build[uv]"}:
-    if build_frontend.name != "build":
         msg = "Android requires the build frontend to be 'build'"
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("pip", "install", "build", *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint), env=build_env)
+    call(*pip, "install", "build", *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint), env=build_env)
 
     # Build-time requirements must be queried within android_env, because
     # `get_requires_for_build` can run arbitrary code in setup.py scripts, which may be
@@ -243,13 +251,13 @@ def setup_env(
 
     pb = ProjectBuilder.from_isolated_env(AndroidEnv(), build_options.package_dir)
     if pb.build_system_requires:
-        call("pip", "install", *pb.build_system_requires, env=build_env)
+        call(*pip, "install", *pb.build_system_requires, env=build_env)
 
     requires_for_build = pb.get_requires_for_build(
         "wheel", parse_config_settings(build_options.config_settings)
     )
     if requires_for_build:
-        call("pip", "install", *requires_for_build, env=build_env)
+        call(*pip, "install", *requires_for_build, env=build_env)
 
     return build_env, android_env
 
@@ -439,7 +447,11 @@ def repair_wheel(state: BuildState, built_wheel: Path) -> Path:
     if state.options.repair_command:
         shell(
             prepare_command(
-                state.options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
+                state.options.repair_command,
+                wheel=built_wheel,
+                dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                package=state.options.package_dir,
+                project=".",
             ),
             env=state.build_env,
         )
@@ -559,12 +571,19 @@ def soname_with_hash(src_path: Path) -> str:
         return src_name
 
 
-def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path) -> None:
+def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path, *, build_frontend: str) -> None:
     test_command = state.options.test_command
     if not (test_command and state.options.test_selector(state.config.identifier)):
         return
 
     log.step("Testing wheel...")
+    use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]"
+    uv_path = find_uv()
+    if use_uv and uv_path is None:
+        msg = "uv not found"
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+    pip = ["pip"] if not use_uv else [str(uv_path), "pip"]
+
     native_arch = arch_synonym(platform.machine(), platforms.native_platform(), "android")
     if state.config.arch != native_arch:
         log.warning(
@@ -580,15 +599,23 @@ def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path) -> None:
             env=state.build_env,
         )
 
+    platform_args = (
+        ["--python-platform", android_triplet(state.config.identifier)]
+        if use_uv
+        else [
+            "--platform",
+            sysconfig_print("get_platform()", state.android_env).replace("-", "_"),
+        ]
+    )
+
     # Install the wheel and test-requires.
     site_packages_dir = state.build_path / "site-packages"
     site_packages_dir.mkdir()
     call(
-        "pip",
+        *pip,
         "install",
         "--only-binary=:all:",
-        "--platform",
+        *platform_args,
-        sysconfig_print("get_platform()", state.android_env).replace("-", "_"),
         "--target",
         site_packages_dir,
         f"{wheel}{state.options.test_extras}",
@@ -617,8 +644,11 @@ def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path) -> None:
 
     # Parse test-command.
     test_args = shlex.split(test_command)
-    if test_args[:2] in [["python", "-c"], ["python", "-m"]]:
+    if test_args[0] in ["python", "python3"] and any(arg in test_args for arg in ["-c", "-m"]):
-        test_args[:3] = [test_args[1], test_args[2], "--"]
+        # Forward the args to the CPython testbed script. We require '-c' or '-m'
+        # to be in the command, because without those flags, the testbed script
+        # will prepend '-m test', which will run Python's own test suite.
+        del test_args[0]
     elif test_args[0] in ["pytest"]:
         # We transform some commands into the `python -m` form, but this is deprecated.
         msg = (
@@ -627,25 +657,36 @@ def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path) -> None:
             "If this works, all you need to do is add that to your test command."
         )
         log.warning(msg)
-        test_args[:1] = ["-m", test_args[0], "--"]
+        test_args.insert(0, "-m")
     else:
         msg = (
             f"Test command {test_command!r} is not supported on Android. "
-            f"Supported commands are 'python -m' and 'python -c'."
+            f"Command must begin with 'python' or 'python3', and contain '-m' or '-c'."
         )
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
+    # By default, run on a testbed managed emulator running the newest supported
+    # Android version. However, if the user specifies a --managed or --connected
+    # test execution argument, that argument takes precedence.
+    test_runtime_args = state.options.test_runtime.args
+
+    if any(arg.startswith(("--managed", "--connected")) for arg in test_runtime_args):
+        emulator_args = []
+    else:
+        emulator_args = ["--managed", "maxVersion"]
+
     # Run the test app.
     call(
         state.python_dir / "android.py",
         "test",
-        "--managed",
-        "maxVersion",
         "--site-packages",
         site_packages_dir,
         "--cwd",
         cwd_dir,
+        *emulator_args,
         *(["-v"] if state.options.build_verbosity > 0 else []),
+        *test_runtime_args,
+        "--",
         *test_args,
         env=state.build_env,
     )

cibuildwheel/platforms/ios.py

@@ -2,27 +2,23 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import dataclasses
 import os
+import platform
 import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
-from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import assert_never
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, assert_never
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
 from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
 from ..frontend import (
     BuildFrontendName,
     get_build_frontend_extra_flags,
 )
 from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
 from ..util import resources
 from ..util.cmd import call, shell, split_command
 from ..util.file import (
@@ -33,13 +29,19 @@ from ..util.file import (
 )
 from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
 from ..util.packaging import (
-    combine_constraints,
     find_compatible_wheel,
-    get_pip_version,
 )
 from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
 from .macos import install_cpython as install_build_cpython
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
+
+    from ..architecture import Architecture
+    from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
+    from ..options import Options
+    from ..selector import BuildSelector
+
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
@@ -461,7 +463,6 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 build_frontend=build_frontend.name,
                 xbuild_tools=build_options.xbuild_tools,
             )
-            pip_version = get_pip_version(env)
 
             compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
             if compatible_wheel:
@@ -489,11 +490,6 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
                 )
 
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, None)
-
                 match build_frontend.name:
                     case "pip":
                         # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to
@@ -508,7 +504,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
                             "--no-deps",
                             *extra_flags,
-                            env=build_env,
+                            env=env,
                         )
                     case "build":
                         call(
@@ -519,7 +515,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             "--wheel",
                             f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
                             *extra_flags,
-                            env=build_env,
+                            env=env,
                         )
                     case _:
                         assert_never(build_frontend)
@@ -537,9 +533,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 elif config.arch != os.uname().machine:
                     log.step("Skipping tests on non-native simulator architecture")
                 else:
-                    test_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
+                    test_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
-                        prev_environment=build_env
-                    )
 
                     if build_options.before_test:
                         before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -653,11 +647,35 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                                     )
                                     raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
+                            test_runtime_args = build_options.test_runtime.args
+
+                            # 2025-10: The GitHub Actions macos-15 runner has a known issue where
+                            # the default simulator won't start due to a disk performance issue;
+                            # see https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/12777 for details.
+                            # In the meantime, if it looks like we're running on a GitHub Actions
+                            # macos-15 runner, use a simulator that is known to work, unless the
+                            # user explicitly specifies a simulator.
+                            os_version, _, arch = platform.mac_ver()
+                            if (
+                                "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ
+                                and os_version.startswith("15.")
+                                and arch == "arm64"
+                                and not any(
+                                    arg.startswith("--simulator") for arg in test_runtime_args
+                                )
+                            ):
+                                test_runtime_args = [
+                                    "--simulator",
+                                    "iPhone 16e,OS=18.5",
+                                    *test_runtime_args,
+                                ]
+
                             call(
                                 "python",
                                 testbed_path,
                                 "run",
                                 *(["--verbose"] if build_options.build_verbosity > 0 else []),
+                                *test_runtime_args,
                                 "--",
                                 *final_command,
                                 env=test_env,

cibuildwheel/platforms/linux.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import textwrap
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
-from typing import assert_never
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, assert_never
 
 from .. import errors
 from ..architecture import Architecture
@@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ from ..logger import log
 from ..oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
 from ..options import BuildOptions, Options
 from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
 from ..util import resources
 from ..util.file import copy_test_sources
 from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
 from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..typing import PathOrStr
+
 ARCHITECTURE_OCI_PLATFORM_MAP = {
     Architecture.x86_64: OCIPlatform.AMD64,
     Architecture.i686: OCIPlatform.i386,
@@ -320,7 +322,11 @@ def build_in_container(
             if build_options.repair_command:
                 log.step("Repairing wheel...")
                 repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
+                    build_options.repair_command,
+                    wheel=built_wheel,
+                    dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                    package=container_package_dir,
+                    project=container_project_path,
                 )
                 container.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
             else:

cibuildwheel/platforms/macos.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ from ..util.file import (
     move_file,
 )
 from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
 from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
             capture_stdout=True,
         )
         version = tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2]))
-    return typing.cast(tuple[int, int], version)
+    return typing.cast("tuple[int, int]", version)
 
 
 @functools.cache
@@ -464,12 +464,6 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 )
 
                 build_env = env.copy()
-                if pip_version is not None:
-                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(
-                        build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir if use_uv else None
-                    )
 
                 match build_frontend.name:
                     case "pip":
@@ -528,6 +522,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         wheel=built_wheel,
                         dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
                         delocate_archs=delocate_archs,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        project=".",
                     )
                     shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
                 else:

cibuildwheel/platforms/pyodide.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ from ..util.file import (
     move_file,
 )
 from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
 from ..util.python_build_standalone import (
     PythonBuildStandaloneError,
     create_python_build_standalone_environment,
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def get_all_xbuildenv_version_info(env: dict[str, str]) -> list[PyodideXBuildEnv
         msg = f"Invalid xbuildenvs info, got {xbuildenvs_info}"
         raise ValueError(msg)
 
-    return typing.cast(list[PyodideXBuildEnvInfo], xbuildenvs_info["environments"])
+    return typing.cast("list[PyodideXBuildEnvInfo]", xbuildenvs_info["environments"])
 
 
 def get_xbuildenv_version_info(
@@ -419,17 +419,13 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
                 )
 
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir)
-                build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
                 call(
                     "pyodide",
                     "build",
                     build_options.package_dir,
                     f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
                     *extra_flags,
-                    env=build_env,
+                    env=env,
                 )
                 built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
@@ -443,6 +439,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         build_options.repair_command,
                         wheel=built_wheel,
                         dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        project=".",
                     )
                     shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
                     log.step_end()

cibuildwheel/platforms/windows.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from ..util import resources
 from ..util.cmd import call, shell
 from ..util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, extract_zip, move_file
 from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
 from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
 
@@ -468,13 +468,6 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     shell("graalpy -m pip install setuptools wheel", env=env)
                     extra_flags = [*extra_flags, "-n"]
 
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if pip_version is not None:
-                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir)
-
                 match build_frontend.name:
                     case "pip":
                         # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
@@ -488,7 +481,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
                             "--no-deps",
                             *extra_flags,
-                            env=build_env,
+                            env=env,
                         )
                     case "build" | "build[uv]":
                         if (
@@ -506,7 +499,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             "--wheel",
                             f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
                             *extra_flags,
-                            env=build_env,
+                            env=env,
                         )
                     case _:
                         assert_never(build_frontend)
@@ -525,6 +518,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         build_options.repair_command,
                         wheel=built_wheel,
                         dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        project=".",
                     )
                     shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
                 else:

cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
         )
 
         match node:
-            case ast.keyword(arg="python_requires", value=ast.Constant(value=str(version))):
+            case ast.keyword(arg="python_requires", value=ast.Constant(value=str() as version)):
                 if unnested or name_main_unnested:
                     self.requires_python = version
 

cibuildwheel/resources/_cross_venv.py

@@ -68,16 +68,20 @@ def initialize() -> None:
 
     # sysconfig ###############################################################
     #
-    # We don't change the actual sys.base_prefix and base_exec_prefix, because that
+    # Load the sysconfigdata file, generating its name from sys.abiflags,
-    # could have unpredictable effects. Instead, we change the internal variables
-    # used to generate sysconfig.get_path("include").
-    exec_prefix = sysconfig.get_config_var("exec_prefix")
-    sysconfig._BASE_PREFIX = sysconfig._BASE_EXEC_PREFIX = exec_prefix  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-
-    # Reload the sysconfigdata file, generating its name from sys.abiflags,
     # sys.platform, and sys.implementation._multiarch.
     sysconfig._init_config_vars()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
 
+    # We don't change the actual sys.base_prefix and base_exec_prefix, because that
+    # could have unpredictable effects. Instead, we change the sysconfig variables
+    # used by sysconfig.get_paths().
+    vars = sysconfig.get_config_vars()
+    try:
+        host_prefix = vars["host_prefix"]  # This variable was added in Python 3.14.
+    except KeyError:
+        host_prefix = vars["exec_prefix"]
+    vars["installed_base"] = vars["installed_platbase"] = host_prefix
+
     # sysconfig.get_platform, which determines the wheel tag, is implemented in terms of
     # sys.platform, sysconfig.get_config_var("ANDROID_API_LEVEL") (see localized_vars in
     # android.py), and os.uname.

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -161,18 +161,18 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.8/python-3.13.8-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.11/python-3.13.11-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.8/python-3.13.8-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.11/python-3.13.11-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.8/python-3.13.8-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.11/python-3.13.11-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.8/python-3.13.8-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.11/python-3.13.11-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.8/python-3.13.8-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.11/python-3.13.11-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.8/python-3.13.8-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.11/python-3.13.11-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.2/python-3.14.2-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.2/python-3.14.2-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.2/python-3.14.2-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.2/python-3.14.2-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.2/python-3.14.2-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.2/python-3.14.2-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.0/graalpy-25.0.0-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.1/graalpy-25.0.1-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.0/graalpy-25.0.0-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.1/graalpy-25.0.1-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
 ]
 
 [windows]
@@ -199,42 +199,42 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.9" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.10" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.8" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.11" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.8" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.11" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.8" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.11" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_amd64", version = "3.13.8" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win_amd64", version = "3.13.11" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.0" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.2" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.0" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.2" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.0" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.2" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.0" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.2" },
   { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10" },
   { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11" },
   { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.9" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.8" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.11" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.8" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.11" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.0" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.2" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.0" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.2" },
   { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-windows-amd64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "gp312_250-win_amd64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.0/graalpy-25.0.0-windows-amd64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-win_amd64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.1/graalpy-25.0.1-windows-amd64.zip" },
 ]
 
 [pyodide]
 python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.12", default_pyodide_version = "0.27.7", node_version = "v22" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.13", default_pyodide_version = "0.28.3", node_version = "v22" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.13", default_pyodide_version = "0.29.0", node_version = "v22" },
 ]
 
 [android]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp313-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.7/python-3.13.7-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.11/python-3.13.11-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-android_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.7/python-3.13.7-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-android_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.11/python-3.13.11-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.2/python-3.14.2-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-android_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-android_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.2/python-3.14.2-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
 ]
 
 [ios]

cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json

@@ -569,6 +569,39 @@
       ],
       "title": "CIBW_TEST_ENVIRONMENT"
     },
+    "test-runtime": {
+      "description": "Additional configuration for the test runner",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^$"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "args:"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": [
+            "args"
+          ],
+          "properties": {
+            "args": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME"
+    },
     "overrides": {
       "type": "array",
       "description": "An overrides array",
@@ -638,6 +671,9 @@
               },
               "test-environment": {
                 "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
+              },
+              "test-runtime": {
+                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
               }
             }
           },
@@ -748,6 +784,9 @@
           },
           "test-environment": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+          },
+          "test-runtime": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
           }
         }
       }
@@ -876,6 +915,9 @@
         },
         "test-environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -936,6 +978,9 @@
         },
         "test-environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -1009,6 +1054,9 @@
         },
         "test-environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -1069,6 +1117,9 @@
         },
         "test-environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -1129,6 +1180,9 @@
         },
         "test-environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -1189,6 +1243,9 @@
         },
         "test-environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
         }
       }
     }

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide312.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #    nox -s update_constraints
 annotated-types==0.7.0
     # via pydantic
-anyio==4.11.0
+anyio==4.12.0
     # via httpx
 auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.0
     # via pyodide-build
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ build==1.2.2.post1
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2025.10.5
+certifi==2026.1.4
     # via
     #   httpcore
     #   httpx
     #   requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.3
+charset-normalizer==3.4.4
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ click==8.1.8
     #   typer
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.20.2
     # via virtualenv
 h11==0.16.0
     # via httpcore
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ httpcore==1.0.9
     # via httpx
 httpx==0.28.1
     # via unearth
-idna==3.10
+idna==3.11
     # via
     #   anyio
     #   httpx
@@ -48,48 +48,44 @@ packaging==25.0
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
     #   unearth
-pip==25.2
+pip==25.3
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.5.1
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.12.0
+pydantic==2.12.5
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.41.1
+pydantic-core==2.41.5
     # via pydantic
 pygments==2.19.2
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.30.7
+pyodide-build==0.30.9
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
 pyodide-cli==0.4.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.0
+pyodide-lock==0.1.1
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
 requests==2.32.5
     # via pyodide-build
-resolvelib==1.2.0
+resolvelib==1.2.1
     # via pyodide-build
 rich==14.2.0
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
     #   typer
-ruamel-yaml==0.18.15
+ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
     # via pyodide-build
-ruamel-yaml-clib==0.2.14
-    # via ruamel-yaml
 shellingham==1.5.4
     # via typer
-sniffio==1.3.1
+typer==0.21.0
-    # via anyio
-typer==0.19.2
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
@@ -103,11 +99,11 @@ typing-extensions==4.15.0
     #   typing-inspection
 typing-inspection==0.4.2
     # via pydantic
-unearth==0.17.5
+unearth==0.18.2
     # via pyodide-build
-urllib3==2.5.0
+urllib3==2.6.2
     # via requests
-virtualenv==20.35.2
+virtualenv==20.35.4
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide313.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #    nox -s update_constraints
 annotated-types==0.7.0
     # via pydantic
-anyio==4.11.0
+anyio==4.12.0
     # via httpx
 auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.0
     # via pyodide-build
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ build==1.2.2.post1
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2025.10.5
+certifi==2026.1.4
     # via
     #   httpcore
     #   httpx
     #   requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.3
+charset-normalizer==3.4.4
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ click==8.1.8
     #   typer
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.20.2
     # via virtualenv
 h11==0.16.0
     # via httpcore
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ httpcore==1.0.9
     # via httpx
 httpx==0.28.1
     # via unearth
-idna==3.10
+idna==3.11
     # via
     #   anyio
     #   httpx
@@ -48,48 +48,44 @@ packaging==25.0
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
     #   unearth
-pip==25.2
+pip==25.3
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.5.1
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.12.0
+pydantic==2.12.5
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.41.1
+pydantic-core==2.41.5
     # via pydantic
 pygments==2.19.2
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.30.7
+pyodide-build==0.30.9
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
 pyodide-cli==0.4.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.0
+pyodide-lock==0.1.1
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
 requests==2.32.5
     # via pyodide-build
-resolvelib==1.2.0
+resolvelib==1.2.1
     # via pyodide-build
 rich==14.2.0
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
     #   typer
-ruamel-yaml==0.18.15
+ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
     # via pyodide-build
-ruamel-yaml-clib==0.2.14
-    # via ruamel-yaml
 shellingham==1.5.4
     # via typer
-sniffio==1.3.1
+typer==0.21.0
-    # via anyio
-typer==0.19.2
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
@@ -102,11 +98,11 @@ typing-extensions==4.15.0
     #   typing-inspection
 typing-inspection==0.4.2
     # via pydantic
-unearth==0.17.5
+unearth==0.18.2
     # via pyodide-build
-urllib3==2.5.0
+urllib3==2.6.2
     # via requests
-virtualenv==20.35.2
+virtualenv==20.35.4
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
 build==1.3.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -8,19 +8,19 @@ delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.20.2
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.7.0
+importlib-metadata==8.7.1
     # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
 packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.2
+pip==25.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   virtualenv
-virtualenv==20.35.2
+virtualenv==20.35.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.23.0
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python311.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
 build==1.3.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -8,21 +8,21 @@ delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.20.2
     # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
 packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.2
+pip==25.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.35.2
+virtualenv==20.35.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python312.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
 build==1.3.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -8,21 +8,21 @@ delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.20.2
     # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
 packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.2
+pip==25.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.35.2
+virtualenv==20.35.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python313.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
 build==1.3.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -8,21 +8,21 @@ delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.20.2
     # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
 packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.2
+pip==25.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.35.2
+virtualenv==20.35.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python314.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
 build==1.3.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -8,21 +8,21 @@ delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.20.2
     # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
 packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.2
+pip==25.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.35.2
+virtualenv==20.35.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python38.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
 build==1.2.2.post1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ filelock==3.16.1
     # via virtualenv
 importlib-metadata==8.5.0
     # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
 packaging==25.0
     # via
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ typing-extensions==4.13.2
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   virtualenv
-virtualenv==20.35.2
+virtualenv==20.35.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.20.2
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
 build==1.3.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.19.1
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.7.0
+importlib-metadata==8.7.1
     # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
 packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.2
+pip==25.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 platformdirs==4.4.0
     # via virtualenv
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   virtualenv
-virtualenv==20.35.2
+virtualenv==20.35.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.23.0
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
 build==1.3.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -8,21 +8,21 @@ delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.20.0
+filelock==3.20.2
     # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
 packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.2
+pip==25.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.5.0
+platformdirs==4.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.35.2
+virtualenv==20.35.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ test-requires = []
 test-extras = []
 test-groups = []
 test-environment = {}
+test-runtime = {}
 
 container-engine = "docker"
 

cibuildwheel/resources/nodejs.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 url = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
-v22 = "v22.20.0"
+v24 = "v24.12.0"
-v20 = "v20.19.5"
+v22 = "v22.21.1"
+v20 = "v20.19.6"

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,53 +1,54 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.01.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2025.10.10-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2026.01.04-1
 
 [i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.01.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2025.10.10-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2026.01.04-1
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.01.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2025.10.10-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2026.01.04-1
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2026.01.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2025.10.10-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2026.01.04-1
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2026.01.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2025.10.10-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2026.01.04-1
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.01.04-1
 
 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.01.04-1
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.01.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.01.04-1
 
 [armv7l]
-manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2026.01.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_35 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_35_armv7l:2026.01.04-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2026.01.04-1
 
 [riscv64]
-manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2025.10.10-1
+manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2026.01.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2025.10.10-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2026.01.04-1
 

cibuildwheel/resources/python-build-standalone-releases.json

@@ -1,479 +1,483 @@
 {
   "releases": [
     {
-      "tag": "20251010",
+      "tag": "20251217",
       "assets": [
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251217-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251010-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.19+20251217-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.10.19%2B20251010-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
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+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a3+20251217-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.9.24%2B20251010-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.15.0a3%2B20251217-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.24+20251010-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a3+20251217-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251010/cpython-3.9.24%2B20251010-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.15.0a3%2B20251217-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a3+20251217-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20251217/cpython-3.15.0a3%2B20251217-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
         }
       ]
     }

cibuildwheel/resources/virtualenv.toml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-default = { version = "20.35.2", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/download/20.35.2/virtualenv.pyz" }
+default = { version = "20.35.4", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/download/20.35.4/virtualenv.pyz" }

cibuildwheel/util/cmd.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def call(
     if not capture_stdout:
         return None
     sys.stderr.write(result.stderr)
-    return typing.cast(str, result.stdout)
+    return typing.cast("str", result.stdout)
 
 
 def shell(

cibuildwheel/util/packaging.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import shlex
-from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 from typing import Any, Literal, Self, TypeVar
@@ -178,30 +178,3 @@ def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
             return wheel
 
     return None
-
-
-def combine_constraints(
-    env: MutableMapping[str, str], /, constraints_path: Path, tmp_dir: Path | None
-) -> None:
-    """
-    This will workaround a bug in pip<=21.1.1 or uv<=0.2.0 if a tmp_dir is given.
-    If set to None, this will use the modern URI method.
-    """
-
-    if tmp_dir:
-        if " " in str(constraints_path):
-            assert " " not in str(tmp_dir)
-            tmp_file = tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
-            tmp_file.write_bytes(constraints_path.read_bytes())
-            constraints_path = tmp_file
-        our_constraints = str(constraints_path)
-    else:
-        our_constraints = (
-            constraints_path.as_uri() if " " in str(constraints_path) else str(constraints_path)
-        )
-
-    user_constraints = env.get("PIP_CONSTRAINT")
-
-    env["UV_CONSTRAINT"] = env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = " ".join(
-        c for c in [our_constraints, user_constraints] if c
-    )

cibuildwheel/util/python_build_standalone.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData(typing.TypedDict):
 @functools.cache
 def get_python_build_standalone_release_data() -> PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData:
     with open(PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES, "rb") as f:
-        return typing.cast(PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData, json.load(f))
+        return typing.cast("PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData", json.load(f))
 
 
 class PythonBuildStandaloneError(Exception):

docs/changelog.md

@@ -4,6 +4,26 @@ title: Changelog
 
 # Changelog
 
+### v3.3.1
+
+_5 January 2026_
+
+- 🛠 Update dependencies and container pins, including updating to CPython 3.14.2. (#2708)
+
+### v3.3.0
+
+_12 November 2025_
+
+- 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with Docker v29 (#2660)
+- ✨ Adds `test-runtime` option, to customise how tests on simulated/emulated environments are run (#2636)
+- ✨ Adds support for new `manylinux_2_35` images on 32-bit ARM `armv7l`, offering better C++20 compatibility (#2656)
+- ✨ `build[uv]` is now supported on Android (#2587)
+- ✨ You can now install extras (such as `uv`) with a simple option on the GitHub Action (#2630)
+- ✨ `{project}` and `{package}` placeholders are now supported in `repair-wheel-command` (#2589)
+- 🛠 The versions set with `dependency-versions` no longer constrain packages specified by your `build-system.requires`. Previously, on platforms other than Linux, the constraints in this option would remain in the environment during the build. This has been tidied up make behaviour more consistent between platforms, and to prevent version conflicts. (#2583)
+- 🛠 Improve the handling of `test-command` on Android, enabling more options to be passed (#2590)
+- 📚 Docs improvements (#2618)
+
 ### v3.2.1
 
 _12 October 2025_

docs/ci-services.md

@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ To build Linux, macOS, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.githu
 
     Use `env:` to pass [build options](options.md) and `with:` to set
     `package-dir: .`, `output-dir: wheelhouse` and `config-file: ''`
-    locations (those values are the defaults).
+    locations (those values are the defaults). You can also pass a
+    comma-separated list of extras to install additional packages.
+    For example, `extras: "uv"` to install UV into the virtual environment.
 
 !!! tab "pipx"
     The GitHub Actions runners have pipx installed, so you can easily build in

docs/data/projects.yml

@@ -172,13 +172,13 @@
 
 - name: pyzmq
   gh: zeromq/pyzmq
-  ci: [github, circleci]
+  ci: [github]
   os: [windows, apple, linux]
   ci_config: .github/workflows/wheels.yml
   notes: |
     Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library.
     Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy.
-    ARM wheels for linux are built natively on CircleCI.
+    ARM wheels for linux are built natively on GitHub Actions.
 
 - name: python-rapidjson
   gh: python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson

docs/faq.md

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
 
 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.2.1
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.1
 ```
 
 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `
 
 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+cibuildwheel==3.3.1
 ```
 
 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to use pipx:
 # most runners have pipx preinstalled, but in case you don't
 python3 -m pip install pipx
 
-pipx run cibuildwheel==3.2.1 --output-dir wheelhouse
+pipx run cibuildwheel==3.3.1 --output-dir wheelhouse
 pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 

docs/options.md

@@ -474,12 +474,13 @@ You can use "build\[uv\]", which will use an external [uv][] everywhere
 possible, both through `--installer=uv` passed to build, as well as when making
 all build and test environments. This will generally speed up cibuildwheel.
 Make sure you have an external uv on Windows and macOS, either by
-pre-installing it, or installing cibuildwheel with the uv extra,
+pre-installing it, or installing cibuildwheel with the `uv` extra, which is
-`cibuildwheel[uv]`. uv currently does not support Windows on ARM,
+possible by manually passing `cibuildwheel[uv]` to installers or by using the
-musllinux on s390x, Android, or iOS. Legacy dependencies like
+`extras` option in the [cibuildwheel action](ci-services.md#github-actions).
-setuptools on Python < 3.12 and pip are not installed if using uv.
+uv currently does not support iOS or musllinux on s390x. Legacy dependencies
+like setuptools on Python < 3.12 and pip are not installed if using uv.
 
-On Android and Pyodide, only "build" is supported.
+On Android and Pyodide, the "pip" frontend is not supported.
 
 You can specify extra arguments to pass to the build frontend using the
 optional `args` option.
@@ -572,6 +573,7 @@ A list of environment variables to set during the build and test phases. Bash sy
 You must use this variable to pass variables to Linux builds, since they execute in a container. It also works for the other platforms.
 
 You can use `$PATH` syntax to insert other variables, or the `$(pwd)` syntax to insert the output of other shell commands.
+Variables are evaluated in the order they appear. Any variable referenced before it is set will evaluate to an empty string.
 
 To specify more than one environment variable, separate the assignments by spaces.
 
@@ -757,9 +759,9 @@ Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>
     here.](https://yaml-multiline.info).
 
 
-Note that `manylinux_2_31` builds occur inside a Debian derivative docker
+Note that `manylinux_2_31`/`manylinux_2_35` builds occur inside a Debian derivative docker
 container, where `manylinux2014` builds occur inside a CentOS one. So for
-`manylinux_2_31` the `before-all` command must use `apt-get -y`
+`manylinux_2_31`/`manylinux_2_35` the `before-all` command must use `apt-get -y`
 instead.
 
 ### `before-build` {: #before-build env-var toml}
@@ -905,6 +907,8 @@ The following placeholders must be used inside the command and will be replaced
 - `{dest_dir}` for the absolute path of the directory where to create the repaired wheel
 - `{delocate_archs}` (macOS only) comma-separated list of architectures in the wheel.
 
+You can use the `{package}` or `{project}` placeholders in your `repair-wheel-command` to refer to the package being built or the project root, respectively.
+
 The command is run in a shell, so you can run multiple commands like `cmd1 && cmd2`.
 
 Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
@@ -1034,7 +1038,7 @@ Set the Docker image to be used for building [manylinux / musllinux](https://git
 
 For `manylinux-*-image`, except `manylinux-armv7l-image` and `manylinux-riscv64-image`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux2014`, `manylinux_2_28` or `manylinux_2_34` to use a pinned version of the [official manylinux images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name.
 
-For `manylinux-armv7l-image`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux_2_31` or a custom image. Support is experimental for now. The `manylinux_2_31` value is only available for `armv7`.
+For `manylinux-armv7l-image`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux_2_31`, `manylinux_2_35` or a custom image. Support is experimental for now. The `manylinux_2_31` and `manylinux_2_35` values are only available for `armv7`.
 
 For `manylinux-riscv64-image`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux_2_39` or a custom image. Support is experimental for now. The `manylinux_2_39` value is only available for `riscv64`.
 
@@ -1317,7 +1321,7 @@ The available Pyodide versions are determined by the version of `pyodide-build`
 ### `test-command` {: #test-command env-var toml}
 > The command to test each built wheel
 
-Shell command to run tests after the build. The wheel will be installed
+Command to run tests after the build. The wheel will be installed
 automatically and available for import from the tests. If this variable is not
 set, your wheel will not be installed after building.
 
@@ -1345,11 +1349,12 @@ tree. To access your test code, you have a couple of options:
 
 On all platforms other than Android and iOS, the command is run in a shell, so you can write things like `cmd1 && cmd2`.
 
-On Android and iOS, the command is parsed by `shlex.split`, and is required to
+On Android and iOS, the command is parsed by `shlex.split`, and must be a Python
-be in one of the following forms:
+command:
 
-* `python -c command ...` (Android only)
+* On Android, the command must must begin with `python` or `python3`, and contain `-m`
-* `python -m module-name ...`
+  or `-c`.
+* On iOS, the command must begin with `python -m`.
 
 Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_LINUX` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_ANDROID` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_IOS` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_PYODIDE`
@@ -1668,6 +1673,41 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
     CIBW_TEST_ENVIRONMENT: PYTHONSAFEPATH=1
     ```
 
+### `test-runtime` {: #test-runtime toml env-var }
+
+> Controls how the tests will be executed.
+
+On desktop environments, the tests are executed on the same machine/container as the wheel was built. However on Android and iOS, the tests are run inside a virtual machine – a simulator or emulator – representing the target.
+
+For these embedded platforms, a testbed project is used to run the tests. The `test-runtime` setting can define an `args` key that defines additional arguments that will be used when starting the testbed project.
+
+Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
+`CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_ANDROID` |`CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_IOS`
+
+#### Examples
+
+!!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
+
+    ```toml
+    [tool.cibuildwheel.ios]
+    # Run the tests on an iPhone 16e simulator running iOS 18.5.
+    test-runtime = { args = ["--simulator='iPhone 16e,OS=18.5'"] }
+
+    [tool.cibuildwheel.android]
+    # Run the Android tests on the minimum supported Android version.
+    test-runtime = { args = ["--managed", "minVersion"] }
+    ```
+
+!!! tab examples "Environment variables"
+
+    ```yaml
+    # Run the tests on an iPhone 16e simulator running iOS 18.5.
+    CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_IOS: "args: --simulator='iPhone 16e,OS=18.5'"
+
+    # Run the Android tests on the minimum supported Android version.
+    CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_ANDROID: "args: --managed minVersion"
+    ```
+
 
 ## Debugging
 

docs/platforms.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ The only side effect to your system will be docker images being pulled.
 
 Linux wheels are built in [`manylinux`/`musllinux` containers](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) to provide binary compatible wheels on Linux, according to [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) / [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Because of this, when building with `cibuildwheel` on Linux, a few things should be taken into account:
 
--   Programs and libraries are not installed on the CI runner host, but rather should be installed inside the container - using `yum` for `manylinux2014`, `apt-get` for `manylinux_2_31`, `dnf` for `manylinux_2_28` and `apk` for `musllinux_1_1` or `musllinux_1_2`, or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building.
+-   Programs and libraries are not installed on the CI runner host, but rather should be installed inside the container - using `yum` for `manylinux2014`, `apt-get` for `manylinux_2_31` or `manylinux_2_35`, `dnf` for `manylinux_2_28` and `apk` for `musllinux_1_1` or `musllinux_1_2`, or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building.
 
     `cibuildwheel` supports this by providing the [`environment`](options.md#environment) and [`before-all`](options.md#before-all) options to setup the build environment inside the running container.
 
@@ -233,6 +233,8 @@ machine – for example, if you're building on an ARM64 machine, then you can te
 ARM64 wheel. Wheels of other architectures can still be built, but testing will
 automatically be skipped.
 
+Any arguments specified using [`test-runtime`](options.md#test-runtime) will be passed as arguments to the Python script that starts the [testbed project](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Android/README.md#testing). cibuildwheel will automatically start the testbed project with `--site-packages` and `--cwd` arguments matching your test environment, as well as enabling verbose output with `-v` if [`build-verbosity`](options.md#build-verbosity) is enabled. The most common additional arguments to use will be `--managed minVersion` or `--managed maxVersion`, specifying the use of a managed Android emulator with the minimum or maximum supported Android version; or `--connected <serial>`, specifying the use of an existing booted Android emulator or device. By default, the testbed project will run with `--managed maxVersion`.
+
 Running an emulator requires the build machine to either be bare-metal or support
 nested virtualization. CI platforms known to meet this requirement are:
 
@@ -320,4 +322,6 @@ If tests have been configured, the test suite will be executed on the simulator
 
 The iOS test environment can't support running shell scripts, so the [`test-command`](options.md#test-command) value must be specified as if it were a command line being passed to `python -m ...`.
 
-The test process uses the same testbed used by CPython itself to run the CPython test suite. It is an Xcode project that has been configured to have a single Xcode "XCUnit" test - the result of which reports the success or failure of running `python -m <test-command>`.
+The test process uses the [same testbed used by CPython itself](https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/main/Apple/iOS#testing-python-on-ios) to run the CPython test suite. It is an Xcode project that has been configured to have a single Xcode "XCUnit" test - the result of which reports the success or failure of running `python -m <test-command>`.
+
+Any arguments specified using [`test-runtime`](options.md#test-runtime) will be passed as arguments to the Python script that starts the testbed project. The testbed project will be started with `-v` enabling verbose output if [`build-verbosity`](options.md#build-verbosity) is enabled; the most common additional argument to use will be `--simulator`, which allows the specification of a specific device or iOS version for the test simulator. By default, the testbed project will attempt to find an "SE class" simulator (i.e., an iPhone SE, iPhone 16e, or similar), running the newest iOS version available.

docs/working-examples.md

@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ title: Working examples
 | [cmake][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [pyinstrument][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python profiler with a C extension. No external dependencies. |
 | [scikit-image][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project that uses Cython with platform-native code.  |
-| [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
 | [cvxpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A Python-embedded modeling language for convex optimization problems. |
+| [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
 | [twisted-iocpsupport][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] | A submodule of Twisted that hooks into native C APIs using Cython. |
 | [pedalboard][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A Python library for working with audio data and audio plugins by wrapping the [JUCE](https://github.com/juce-framework/JUCE/) C++ framework. Uses cibuildwheel to deploy on as many operating systems and Python versions as possible with only one dependency (any NumPy).  |
 | [River][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🌊 Online machine learning in Python |
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ title: Working examples
 | [Dependency Injector][]           | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Dependency injection framework for Python, uses Windows TravisCI |
 | [UltraJSON][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast JSON decoder and encoder written in C with Python bindings |
 | [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures. |
-| [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] ![circleci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy. ARM wheels for linux are built natively on CircleCI.  |
+| [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy. ARM wheels for linux are built natively on GitHub Actions.  |
 | [Implicit][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes GPU support for linux wheels |
 | [tinyobjloader][]                 | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tiny but powerful single file wavefront obj loader |
 | [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ title: Working examples
 | [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, Pandas, PyTables and more |
 | [Wrapt][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python module for decorators, wrappers and monkey patching. |
 | [h5py][]                          | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | HDF5 for Python -- The h5py package is a Pythonic interface to the HDF5 binary data format. |
-| [envd][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A machine learning development environment build tool |
 | [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
+| [envd][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A machine learning development environment build tool |
 | [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
 | [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
 | [aioquic][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | QUIC and HTTP/3 implementation in Python |
-| [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
 | [OpenTimelineIO][]                | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Open Source API and interchange format for editorial timeline information. |
+| [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
 | [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
 | [google neuroglancer][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebGL-based viewer for volumetric data |
 | [Parselmouth][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python interface to the Praat software package, using pybind11, C++17 and CMake, with the core Praat static library built only once and shared between wheels. |
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ title: Working examples
 | [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
 | [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
 | [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
-| [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
 | [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
+| [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
 | [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
 | [abess][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions. |
 | [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ title: Working examples
 | [streaming-form-data][]           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Streaming parser for multipart/form-data written in Cython |
 | [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast Base64 encoding/decoding in Python |
 | [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
-| [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
 | [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
+| [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
 | [Python-WebRTC][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | a Python extension that provides bindings to WebRTC M92 |
 | [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
 | [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ title: Working examples
 [cmake]: https://github.com/scikit-build/cmake-python-distributions
 [pyinstrument]: https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument
 [scikit-image]: https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image
-[PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
 [cvxpy]: https://github.com/cvxpy/cvxpy
+[PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
 [twisted-iocpsupport]: https://github.com/twisted/twisted-iocpsupport
 [pedalboard]: https://github.com/spotify/pedalboard
 [River]: https://github.com/online-ml/river
@@ -166,13 +166,13 @@ title: Working examples
 [numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
 [Wrapt]: https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
 [h5py]: https://github.com/h5py/h5py
-[envd]: https://github.com/tensorchord/envd
 [Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
+[envd]: https://github.com/tensorchord/envd
 [OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
 [ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
 [aioquic]: https://github.com/aiortc/aioquic
-[SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
 [OpenTimelineIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenTimelineIO
+[SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
 [PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
 [google neuroglancer]: https://github.com/google/neuroglancer
 [Parselmouth]: https://github.com/YannickJadoul/Parselmouth
@@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ title: Working examples
 [KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
 [dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
 [tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
-[pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
 [sourmash]: https://github.com/sourmash-bio/sourmash
+[pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
 [python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
 [abess]: https://github.com/abess-team/abess
 [python-snappy]: https://github.com/intake/python-snappy
@@ -208,8 +208,8 @@ title: Working examples
 [streaming-form-data]: https://github.com/siddhantgoel/streaming-form-data
 [pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
 [bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
-[boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
 [Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
+[boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
 [Python-WebRTC]: https://github.com/MarshalX/python-webrtc
 [pybind11 scikit_build_example]: https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example
 [fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon

examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip3 install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+        pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels

examples/circleci-minimal.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux wheels.
           command: |
-            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==3.3.1
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux aarch64 wheels.
           command: |
-            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==3.3.1
             python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           name: Build the OS X wheels.
           command: |
             sudo softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license  # for python<=3.8 or x86_64/universal2 tests
-            pip3 install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+            pip3 install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/

examples/cirrus-ci-intel-mac.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
   install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
   run_cibuildwheel_script:
     - cibuildwheel
   wheels_artifacts:

examples/cirrus-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
   install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
   run_cibuildwheel_script:
     - cibuildwheel
   wheels_artifacts:

examples/github-deploy.yml

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.2.1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.1
         env:
           CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.platform || 'auto' }}
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.archs || 'auto' }}

examples/github-minimal.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.2.1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.1
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
         #   ...

examples/github-pipx.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        run: pipx run cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+        run: pipx run cibuildwheel==3.3.1
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:

examples/github-with-qemu.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
           platforms: all
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.2.1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.1
         env:
           # configure cibuildwheel on Linux to build native archs ('auto'),
           # and to split the remaining architectures between the x86_64 and

examples/gitlab-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ linux:
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:
     paths:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ windows:
   before_script:
     - choco install python -y --allow-downgrade --version 3.12.4
     - choco install git.install -y
-    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
   script:
     - py -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform windows
   artifacts:
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ windows:
 macos:
   image: macos-14-xcode-15
   before_script:
-    - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+    - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
   script:
     - python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:

examples/gitlab-with-qemu.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ linux:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
     # Warning: This is extremely slow, be careful with how many wheels you build
     - docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
     # Assuming your CI runner's default architecture is x86_64...
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform linux --archs aarch64
   artifacts:

examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
         - ln -s /c/Python312/python.exe /c/Python312/python3.exe
 
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
 
 script:
   # build the wheels, put them into './dist'

examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
         - ln -s /c/Python312/python.exe /c/Python312/python3.exe
 
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1
 
 script:
   # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'

examples/travis-ci-test-and-deploy.yml

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
     - stage: deploy
       name: Build and deploy Linux wheels
       services: docker
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1 twine
       script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
     # Deploy on windows
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
       name: Build and deploy Windows wheels
       os: windows
       language: shell
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.2.1 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.1 twine
       script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "cibuildwheel"
-version = "3.2.1"
+version = "3.3.1"
 description = "Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration."
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "BSD-2-Clause"
@@ -79,13 +79,10 @@ bin = [
 docs = [
     "jinja2>=3.1.2",
     "mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin==6.2.2",
-    "mkdocs-macros-plugin",
+    "mkdocs-macros-plugin>=1.4.1",
     "mkdocs==1.6.1",
     "pymdown-extensions",
     "rich",
-    # transitive dep of mkdocs-macros-plugin
-    # https://github.com/fralau/mkdocs-macros-plugin/issues/269
-    "requests",
 ]
 test = [
     "build",
@@ -113,7 +110,7 @@ addopts = ["-ra", "--showlocals", "--strict-markers", "--strict-config", "--xdoc
 junit_family = "xunit2"
 xfail_strict = true
 filterwarnings = ["error"]
-log_cli_level = "INFO"
+log_level = "INFO"
 markers = [
     "serial: tests that must *not* be run in parallel (deselect with '-m \"not serial\"')",
     "ios: tests that run on iOS",
@@ -219,6 +216,15 @@ extend-select = [
   "EXE",         # flake8-executable
   "PYI",         # flake8-pyi
   "PERF101", "PERF102", "PERF401", "PERF402", "PERF403",  # A selection of perflint codes
+  "DTZ",         # flake8-datetimez
+  "FA",          # flake8-future-annotations
+  "FLY",         # flynt
+  "FURB",        # refurb
+  "LOG",         # flake8-logging
+  "Q",           # flake8-quotes
+  "SLOT",        # flake8-slots
+  "T10",         # flake8-debugger
+  "TC",          # flake8-type-checking
 ]
 ignore = [
   "PLR",     # Design related pylint codes

test/_cross_venv_test_android.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+from pathlib import Path
+
+assert sys.platform == "android"
+assert sysconfig.get_platform().startswith("android-")
+
+android_prefix = Path(f"{sys.prefix}/../python/prefix").resolve()
+assert android_prefix.is_dir()
+
+vars = sysconfig.get_config_vars()
+assert vars["INCLUDEDIR"] == f"{android_prefix}/include"
+assert vars["LDVERSION"] == f"{sys.version_info[0]}.{sys.version_info[1]}{sys.abiflags}"
+assert vars["INCLUDEPY"] == f"{vars['INCLUDEDIR']}/python{vars['LDVERSION']}"
+assert vars["LIBDIR"] == f"{android_prefix}/lib"
+assert vars["Py_ENABLE_SHARED"] == 1
+
+paths = sysconfig.get_paths()
+assert paths["include"] == vars["INCLUDEPY"]
+assert paths["platinclude"] == vars["INCLUDEPY"]

test/conftest.py

@@ -154,19 +154,39 @@ def docker_warmup_fixture(
 @pytest.fixture(params=["pip", "build"])
 def build_frontend_env_nouv(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> dict[str, str]:
     frontend = request.param
-    if get_platform() == "pyodide" and frontend == "pip":
+    marks = {m.name for m in request.node.iter_markers()}
+
+    platform = "pyodide" if "pyodide" in marks else get_platform()
+    if platform == "pyodide" and frontend == "pip":
         pytest.skip("Can't use pip as build frontend for pyodide platform")
 
     return {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": frontend}
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest.fixture(params=["pip", "build", "build[uv]"])
-def build_frontend_env(build_frontend_env_nouv: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
+def build_frontend_env(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> dict[str, str]:
-    frontend = build_frontend_env_nouv["CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND"]
+    frontend = request.param
-    if frontend != "build" or get_platform() == "pyodide" or find_uv() is None:
+    marks = {m.name for m in request.node.iter_markers()}
-        return build_frontend_env_nouv
+    if "android" in marks:
+        platform = "android"
+    elif "ios" in marks:
+        platform = "ios"
+    elif "pyodide" in marks:
+        platform = "pyodide"
+    else:
+        platform = get_platform()
 
-    return {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": "build[uv]"}
+    if platform in {"pyodide", "ios", "android"} and frontend == "pip":
+        pytest.skip(f"Can't use pip as build frontend for {platform}")
+    if platform == "pyodide" and frontend == "build[uv]":
+        pytest.skip("Can't use uv with pyodide yet")
+    uv_path = find_uv()
+    if uv_path is None and frontend == "build[uv]":
+        pytest.skip("Can't find uv, so skipping uv tests")
+    if uv_path is not None and frontend == "build" and platform not in {"android", "ios"}:
+        pytest.skip("No need to check build when uv is present")
+
+    return {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": frontend}
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

test/test_android.py

@@ -32,22 +32,25 @@ if (platform.system(), platform.machine()) not in [
         allow_module_level=True,
     )
 
-# Detect CI services which have the Android SDK pre-installed.
+# Azure Pipelines does not set the CI variable.
-ci_supports_build = (
+ci = any(key in os.environ for key in ["CI", "TF_BUILD"])
-    ("CIRRUS_CI" in os.environ and platform.system() == "Darwin")
-    or "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ
-    or "TF_BUILD" in os.environ  # Azure Pipelines
-)
 
 if "ANDROID_HOME" not in os.environ:
     msg = "ANDROID_HOME environment variable is not set"
-    if ci_supports_build:
+
+    # Fail if we're on a CI service which is supposed to have the Android SDK
+    # pre-installed; otherwise skip the module.
+    if (
+        ("CIRRUS_CI" in os.environ and platform.system() == "Darwin")
+        or "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ
+        or "TF_BUILD" in os.environ
+    ):
         pytest.fail(msg)
     else:
         pytest.skip(msg, allow_module_level=True)
 
 # Many CI services don't support running the Android emulator: see platforms.md.
-ci_supports_emulator = "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ and platform.system() == "Linux"
+supports_emulator = (not ci) or ("GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ and platform.system() == "Linux")
 
 
 def needs_emulator(test):
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ def needs_emulator(test):
     # application ID, so these tests must be run serially.
     test = pytest.mark.serial(test)
 
-    if ci_supports_build and not ci_supports_emulator:
+    if not supports_emulator:
         test = pytest.mark.skip("This CI platform doesn't support the emulator")(test)
     return test
 
@@ -92,27 +95,40 @@ def test_android_home(tmp_path, capfd):
     assert "ANDROID_HOME environment variable is not set" in capfd.readouterr().err
 
 
-# the first build can fail to setup - mark as flaky, and serial to make sure it runs first
+# android-env.sh may need to install the NDK, and it isn't safe to do that multiple
+# times in parallel. So make sure there's at least one test which gets as far as doing
+# a build, which is marked as serial so it will run before the parallel tests, but isn't
+# marked as needs_emulator so it will run on all CI platforms.
 @pytest.mark.serial
-@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=2)
+def test_expected_wheels(tmp_path, spam_env):
-def test_expected_wheels(tmp_path):
+    # Since this test covers all Python versions, check the cross venv.
-    new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
+    test_module = "_cross_venv_test_android"
-    wheels = cibuildwheel_run(tmp_path, add_env={"CIBW_PLATFORM": "android"})
+    project = new_c_project(setup_py_add=f"import {test_module}")
+    project.files[f"{test_module}.py"] = (Path(__file__).parent / f"{test_module}.py").read_text()
+    project.generate(tmp_path)
+
+    # Build wheels for all Python versions on the current architecture.
+    del spam_env["CIBW_BUILD"]
+    if not supports_emulator:
+        del spam_env["CIBW_TEST_COMMAND"]
+
+    wheels = cibuildwheel_run(tmp_path, add_env=spam_env)
     assert wheels == expected_wheels(
         "spam", "0.1.0", platform="android", machine_arch=native_arch.android_abi
     )
 
 
-def test_frontend_good(tmp_path):
+@needs_emulator
+def test_frontend_good(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
     wheels = cibuildwheel_run(
         tmp_path,
-        add_env={**cp313_env, "CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": "build"},
+        add_env={**cp313_env, **build_frontend_env, "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": "python -m site"},
     )
     assert wheels == [f"spam-0.1.0-cp313-cp313-android_21_{native_arch.android_abi}.whl"]
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("frontend", ["build[uv]", "pip"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("frontend", ["pip"])
 def test_frontend_bad(frontend, tmp_path, capfd):
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
     with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError):
@@ -222,12 +238,20 @@ def spam_env(tmp_path):
             print("Spam test passed")
         """
     )
+    project.files["test_empty.py"] = dedent(
+        """\
+        def test_empty():
+            pass
+        """
+    )
+
     project.generate(tmp_path)
 
     return {
         **cp313_env,
-        "CIBW_TEST_SOURCES": "test_spam.py",
+        "CIBW_TEST_SOURCES": "test_spam.py test_empty.py",
         "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": "pytest==8.3.5",
+        "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": "python -m pytest",
     }
 
 
@@ -235,7 +259,8 @@ def spam_env(tmp_path):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("command", "expected_output"),
     [
-        ("python -c 'import test_spam; test_spam.test_spam()'", "Spam test passed"),
+        ("python3 -c 'import test_spam; test_spam.test_spam()'", "Spam test passed"),
+        ("python -m pytest", "=== 2 passed in "),
         ("python -m pytest test_spam.py", "=== 1 passed in "),
         ("pytest test_spam.py", "=== 1 passed in "),
     ],
@@ -252,27 +277,25 @@ def test_test_command_good(command, expected_output, tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
         ) in stderr
 
 
+BAD_FORMAT_ERROR = (
+    "Test command '{}' is not supported on Android. "
+    "Command must begin with 'python' or 'python3', and contain '-m' or '-c'."
+)
+BAD_PLACEHOLDER_ERROR = (
+    "Test command '{}' with a '{{project}}' or '{{package}}' placeholder "
+    "is not supported on Android"
+)
+
+
 @needs_emulator
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("command", "expected_output"),
     [
-        # Build-time failure: unrecognized command
+        # Build-time failure
-        (
+        ("./test_spam.py", BAD_FORMAT_ERROR.format("./test_spam.py")),
-            "./test_spam.py",
+        ("python test_spam.py", BAD_FORMAT_ERROR.format("python test_spam.py")),
-            "Test command './test_spam.py' is not supported on Android. "
+        ("pytest {project}", BAD_PLACEHOLDER_ERROR.format("pytest {project}")),
-            "Supported commands are 'python -m' and 'python -c'.",
+        ("pytest {package}", BAD_PLACEHOLDER_ERROR.format("pytest {package}")),
-        ),
-        # Build-time failure: unrecognized placeholder
-        (
-            "pytest {project}",
-            "Test command 'pytest {project}' with a '{project}' or '{package}' "
-            "placeholder is not supported on Android",
-        ),
-        (
-            "pytest {package}",
-            "Test command 'pytest {package}' with a '{project}' or '{package}' "
-            "placeholder is not supported on Android",
-        ),
         # Runtime failure
         ("pytest test_ham.py", "not found: test_ham.py"),
     ],
@@ -283,6 +306,29 @@ def test_test_command_bad(command, expected_output, tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
     assert expected_output in capfd.readouterr().err
 
 
+@needs_emulator
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("options", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("", 0),
+        ("-E", 1),
+    ],
+)
+def test_test_command_python_options(options, expected, tmp_path, capfd):
+    project = new_c_project()
+    project.generate(tmp_path)
+
+    command = 'import sys; print(f"{sys.flags.ignore_environment=}")'
+    cibuildwheel_run(
+        tmp_path,
+        add_env={
+            **cp313_env,
+            "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": f"python {options} -c '{command}'",
+        },
+    )
+    assert f"sys.flags.ignore_environment={expected}" in capfd.readouterr().out
+
+
 @needs_emulator
 def test_package_subdir(tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
     spam_paths = list(tmp_path.iterdir())
@@ -291,17 +337,11 @@ def test_package_subdir(tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
     for path in spam_paths:
         path.rename(package_dir / path.name)
 
-    test_filename = "package/" + spam_env["CIBW_TEST_SOURCES"]
+    spam_env["CIBW_TEST_SOURCES"] = " ".join(
-    cibuildwheel_run(
+        f"package/{path}" for path in spam_env["CIBW_TEST_SOURCES"].split()
-        tmp_path,
-        package_dir,
-        add_env={
-            **spam_env,
-            "CIBW_TEST_SOURCES": test_filename,
-            "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": f"python -m pytest {test_filename}",
-        },
     )
-    assert "=== 1 passed in " in capfd.readouterr().out
+    cibuildwheel_run(tmp_path, package_dir, add_env=spam_env)
+    assert "=== 2 passed in " in capfd.readouterr().out
 
 
 @needs_emulator
@@ -346,13 +386,7 @@ def test_environment_markers(tmp_path):
             **cp313_env,
             "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": f"python -m pytest {test_filename}",
             "CIBW_TEST_SOURCES": test_filename,
-            "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": " ".join(
+            "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": "pytest certifi;sys_platform=='android' platformdirs;sys_platform!='android'",
-                [
-                    "pytest",
-                    "certifi;sys_platform=='android'",
-                    "platformdirs;sys_platform!='android'",
-                ]
-            ),
         },
     )
 

test/test_custom_repair_wheel.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import subprocess
+import textwrap
 from contextlib import nullcontext as does_not_raise
 
 import pytest
@@ -56,3 +57,42 @@ def test(tmp_path, capfd):
         # We only produced one wheel (perhaps Pyodide)
         # check that it has the right name
         assert result[0].startswith("spam-0.1.0-py2-none-")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "repair_command",
+    [
+        "python repair.py {wheel} {dest_dir}",
+        "python {package}/repair.py {wheel} {dest_dir}",
+        "python {project}/repair.py {wheel} {dest_dir}",
+    ],
+    ids=["no-placeholder", "package-placeholder", "project-placeholder"],
+)
+def test_repair_wheel_command_structure(tmp_path, repair_command):
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    project = test_projects.new_c_project()
+    project.files["repair.py"] = textwrap.dedent("""
+        import shutil
+        import sys
+        from pathlib import Path
+
+        wheel = Path(sys.argv[1])
+        dest_dir = Path(sys.argv[2])
+
+        dest_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        shutil.copy(wheel, dest_dir / "spamrepaired-0.0.1-py-none-any.whl")
+    """)
+
+    # Combined test for repair wheel command formats (plain, {package}, {project})
+    project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    result = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+        project_dir,
+        add_env={
+            "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND": repair_command,
+            "CIBW_ARCHS": "native",
+        },
+        single_python=True,
+    )
+
+    assert result == ["spamrepaired-0.0.1-py-none-any.whl"]

test/test_dependency_versions.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+import json
 import platform
 import re
+import subprocess
 import textwrap
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -9,40 +11,62 @@ from cibuildwheel.util import resources
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
 
-project_with_expected_version_checks = test_projects.new_c_project(
+VERSION_REGEX = r"([\w-]+)==([^\s]+)"
-    setup_py_add=textwrap.dedent(
-        r"""
-        import subprocess
-        import os
-        import sys
 
-        versions_output_text = subprocess.check_output(
+CHECK_VERSIONS_SCRIPT = """\
-            [sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'freeze', '--all', '-qq'],
+'''
-            universal_newlines=True,
+Checks that the versions in the env var EXPECTED_VERSIONS match those
-        )
+installed in the active venv.
-        versions = versions_output_text.strip().splitlines()
+'''
+import os, subprocess, sys, json
 
-        # `versions` now looks like:
+versions_raw = json.loads(
-        # ['pip==x.x.x', 'setuptools==x.x.x', 'wheel==x.x.x']
+    subprocess.check_output([
-
+        sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'list', '--format=json',
-        print('Gathered versions', versions)
+    ], text=True)
-
-        expected_version = os.environ['EXPECTED_PIP_VERSION']
-
-        assert f'pip=={expected_version}' in versions, (
-            f'error: pip version should equal {expected_version}'
-        )
-        """
-    )
 )
+versions = {item['name']: item['version'] for item in versions_raw}
+expected_versions = json.loads(os.environ['EXPECTED_VERSIONS'])
 
-project_with_expected_version_checks.files["pyproject.toml"] = r"""
+for name, expected_version in expected_versions.items():
-[build-system]
+    if name not in versions:
-requires = ["setuptools", "pip"]
+        continue
-build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+    if versions[name] != expected_version:
+        raise SystemExit(f'error: {name} version should equal {expected_version}. Versions: {versions}')
 """
 
-VERSION_REGEX = r"([\w-]+)==([^\s]+)"
+
+def test_check_versions_script(tmp_path, build_frontend_env_nouv, capfd):
+    if utils.get_platform() == "linux":
+        pytest.skip("we don't test dependency versions on linux, refer to other tests")
+
+    # sanity check that the CHECK_VERSIONS_SCRIPT fails when it should
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    test_projects.new_c_project().generate(project_dir)
+
+    expected_versions = {
+        "pip": "0.0.1",
+        "build": "0.0.2",
+    }
+    script = project_dir / "check_versions.py"
+    script.write_text(CHECK_VERSIONS_SCRIPT)
+
+    with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+        utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+            project_dir,
+            add_env={
+                "CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD": f"python {script.name}",
+                "EXPECTED_VERSIONS": json.dumps(expected_versions),
+                **build_frontend_env_nouv,
+            },
+        )
+
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+
+    assert (
+        "error: pip version should equal 0.0.1" in captured.err
+        or "error: build version should equal 0.0.2" in captured.err
+    )
 
 
 def get_versions_from_constraint_file(constraint_file: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
@@ -65,11 +89,15 @@ def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env_nouv):
         pytest.skip(f"Windows ARM64 does not support Python {python_version}")
 
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
-    project_with_expected_version_checks.generate(project_dir)
+    test_projects.new_c_project().generate(project_dir)
 
+    # read the expected versions from the appropriate constraint file
     version_no_dot = python_version.replace(".", "")
-    build_environment = {}
+
-    build_pattern = f"[cp]p{version_no_dot}-*"
+    # create cross-platform Python before-build script to verify versions pre-build
+    before_build_script = project_dir / "check_versions.py"
+    before_build_script.write_text(CHECK_VERSIONS_SCRIPT)
+
     if utils.get_platform() == "pyodide":
         constraint_filename = f"constraints-pyodide{version_no_dot}.txt"
     else:
@@ -77,16 +105,13 @@ def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env_nouv):
     constraint_file = resources.PATH / constraint_filename
     constraint_versions = get_versions_from_constraint_file(constraint_file)
 
-    build_environment["EXPECTED_PIP_VERSION"] = constraint_versions["pip"]
+    # build and test the wheels (dependency version check occurs before-build)
-
-    cibw_environment_option = " ".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in build_environment.items())
-
-    # build and test the wheels
     actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
         project_dir,
         add_env={
-            "CIBW_BUILD": build_pattern,
+            "CIBW_BUILD": f"[cp]p{version_no_dot}-*",
-            "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT": cibw_environment_option,
+            "CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD": f"python {before_build_script.name}",
+            "EXPECTED_VERSIONS": json.dumps(constraint_versions),
             **build_frontend_env_nouv,
         },
     )
@@ -107,10 +132,11 @@ def test_dependency_constraints(method, tmp_path, build_frontend_env_nouv):
         pytest.skip("linux doesn't pin individual tool versions, it pins manylinux images instead")
 
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
-    project_with_expected_version_checks.generate(project_dir)
+    test_projects.new_c_project().generate(project_dir)
 
     tool_versions = {
         "pip": "23.1.2",
+        "build": "1.2.2",
         "delocate": "0.10.3",
     }
 
@@ -120,6 +146,7 @@ def test_dependency_constraints(method, tmp_path, build_frontend_env_nouv):
             textwrap.dedent(
                 """
                 pip=={pip}
+                build=={build}
                 delocate=={delocate}
                 """.format(**tool_versions)
             )
@@ -133,7 +160,7 @@ def test_dependency_constraints(method, tmp_path, build_frontend_env_nouv):
         msg = f"Unknown method: {method}"
         raise ValueError(msg)
 
-    build_environment = {}
+    skip = ""
 
     if (
         utils.get_platform() == "windows"
@@ -144,32 +171,29 @@ def test_dependency_constraints(method, tmp_path, build_frontend_env_nouv):
         # from a virtualenv seeded executable. See
         # https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/491 and remove this once
         # GraalPy 24 is dropped
-        build_frontend_env_nouv["CIBW_SKIP"] = "gp311*"
+        skip = "gp311*"
 
-    for package_name, version in tool_versions.items():
+    # cross-platform Python script for dependency constraint checks
-        env_name = f"EXPECTED_{package_name.upper()}_VERSION"
+    before_build_script = project_dir / "check_versions.py"
-        build_environment[env_name] = version
+    before_build_script.write_text(CHECK_VERSIONS_SCRIPT)
 
-    cibw_environment_option = " ".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in build_environment.items())
+    # build and test the wheels (dependency version check occurs pre-build)
-
-    # build and test the wheels
     actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
         project_dir,
         add_env={
-            "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT": cibw_environment_option,
+            "CIBW_SKIP": skip,
             "CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS": dependency_version_option,
+            "CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD": f"python {before_build_script.name}",
+            "EXPECTED_VERSIONS": json.dumps(tool_versions),
             **build_frontend_env_nouv,
         },
+        single_python=True,
     )
 
     # also check that we got the right wheels
-    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0")
+    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0", single_python=True)
 
-    if (
+    if skip == "gp*":
-        utils.get_platform() == "windows"
-        and method == "file"
-        and build_frontend_env_nouv["CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND"] == "build"
-    ):
         # See reference to https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/491
         # above
         expected_wheels = [w for w in expected_wheels if "graalpy311" not in w]

test/test_manylinuxXXXX_only.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def test(manylinux_image, tmp_path):
         "CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_I686_IMAGE": manylinux_image,
     }
     if platform.machine() == "aarch64":
-        # We just have a manylinux_2_31 image for armv7l
+        # We just have a manylinux_2_31/manylinux_2_35 image for armv7l
         add_env["CIBW_ARCHS"] = "aarch64"
 
     actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env=add_env)
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def test(manylinux_image, tmp_path):
     )
 
     if platform.machine() == "aarch64":
-        # We just have a manylinux_2_31 image for armv7l
+        # We just have a manylinux_2_31/manylinux_2_35 image for armv7l
         expected_wheels = [w for w in expected_wheels if "armv7l" not in w]
 
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)

unit_test/oci_container_test.py

@@ -628,6 +628,11 @@ def test_multiarch_image(container_engine, platform):
             '{"Client":{"Version":"24.0.0","ApiVersion":"1.43"},"Server":{"ApiVersion":"1.43"}}',
             nullcontext(),
         ),
+        (
+            "docker",
+            '{"Client":{"Version":"29.0.0","ApiVersion":"1.52"},"Server":{"APIVersion":"1.52"}}',
+            nullcontext(),
+        ),
         (
             "docker",
             '{"Client":{"ApiVersion":"1.43"},"Server":{"ApiVersion":"1.30"}}',

unit_test/option_prepare_test.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def test_build_default_launches(monkeypatch):
 
     main()
 
-    build_in_container = typing.cast(mock.Mock, platforms.linux.build_in_container)
+    build_in_container = typing.cast("mock.Mock", platforms.linux.build_in_container)
 
     assert build_in_container.call_count == 4
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ before-all = "true"
 
     main()
 
-    build_in_container = typing.cast(mock.Mock, platforms.linux.build_in_container)
+    build_in_container = typing.cast("mock.Mock", platforms.linux.build_in_container)
 
     assert build_in_container.call_count == 7
 

unit_test/options_test.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import os
 import platform as platform_module
 import textwrap
 import unittest.mock
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Literal
 
@@ -626,6 +627,39 @@ def test_get_build_frontend_extra_flags_warning(
     mock_warning.assert_called_once()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("definition", "expected_args"),
+    [
+        ("", ()),
+        ('test-runtime = ""', ()),
+        ("test-runtime = {}", ()),
+        ('test-runtime = {args = ""}', []),
+        ('test-runtime = "args: --simulator foo"', ["--simulator", "foo"]),
+        ('test-runtime = {args = ["--simulator", "foo"]}', ["--simulator", "foo"]),
+    ],
+)
+def test_test_runtime_handling(
+    tmp_path: Path, definition: str, expected_args: Sequence[str] | None
+) -> None:
+    args = CommandLineArguments.defaults()
+    args.package_dir = tmp_path
+
+    pyproject_toml: Path = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+    pyproject_toml.write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent(
+            f"""\
+            [tool.cibuildwheel]
+            {definition}
+            """
+        )
+    )
+
+    options = Options(platform="ios", command_line_arguments=args, env={})
+
+    local = options.build_options("cp313-ios_13_0_arm64_iphoneos")
+    assert local.test_runtime.args == expected_args
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("definition", "expected"),
     [

unit_test/options_toml_test.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import shlex
-from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ from cibuildwheel.options import (
     _resolve_cascade,
 )
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pathlib import Path
+
 PYPROJECT_1 = """
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
 build = "cp39*"