Use python -V -V for Windows build diagnostics (#2832 )

chore(deps): bump the actions group with 3 updates (#2826 )
chore(deps): bump the actions group with 5 updates (#2823 )
2026-05-03 20:10:49 +05:30 · 2026-04-25 16:20:36 +01:00 · 2026-04-25 07:31:36 +02:00 · 2026-04-15 07:45:31 -04:00 · 2026-04-15 07:36:04 -04:00 · 2026-04-13 16:08:48 +01:00
173 changed files with 4821 additions and 2830 deletions
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-only_if: changesInclude('.cirrus.yml') || ($CIRRUS_BRANCH == "main" && !changesIncludeOnly('.github/*', 'bin/*', 'docs/*', '.circleci/*', '.travis.yml', '.pre-commit-config.yaml', '.readthedocs.yml', 'azure-pipelines.yml', 'README.md', 'mkdocs.yml', 'noxfile.py')) || $CIRRUS_BRANCH =~ 'cirrus.*'
-
-run_tests: &RUN_TESTS
-  install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install -U pip
-    - python -m pip install -e. --group test
-  run_cibuildwheel_tests_script:
-    - python ./bin/run_tests.py
-
-linux_x86_task:
-  timeout_in: 120m
-  compute_engine_instance:
-    image_project: cirrus-images
-    image: family/docker-builder
-    platform: linux
-    cpu: 8
-    memory: 8G
-  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-    - add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
-    - apt-get update
-    - apt-get install -y python3.12-venv
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
-
-linux_aarch64_task:
-  compute_engine_instance:
-    image_project: cirrus-images
-    image: family/docker-builder-arm64
-    architecture: arm64
-    platform: linux
-    cpu: 4
-    memory: 4G
-  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-    - add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
-    - apt-get update
-    - apt-get install -y python3.12-venv
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
-
-windows_x86_task:
-  # The task takes ~55 minutes while the timeout happens after 60 minutes by default,
-  # let's allow some wiggle room.
-  timeout_in: 120m
-  windows_container:
-    image: cirrusci/windowsservercore:visualstudio2022
-    cpu: 8
-    memory: 8G
-
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - certutil -generateSSTFromWU roots.sst
-    - certutil -addstore -f root roots.sst
-    - del roots.sst
-    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.12.4
-    - refreshenv
-    - powershell -Command "$cleanPath = $env:PATH -replace ';+$', ''; Add-Content -Path $env:CIRRUS_ENV -Value ('PATH=' + $cleanPath)"
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
-
-macos_arm64_task:
-  macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sequoia
-  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - brew install python@3.12
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
-
-macos_arm64_cp38_task:
-  macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sequoia
-  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
-    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: --run-cp38-universal2 -k 'test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer or test_arch_auto or test_dummy_serial'
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - brew install python@3.12
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
-    - curl -fsSLO https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
-    - sudo installer -pkg python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg -target /
-    - rm python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
-    - sh "/Applications/Python 3.8/Install Certificates.command"
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# Specification files for platform maintainers
 cibuildwheel/platforms/ios.py         @freakboy3742
 cibuildwheel/platforms/pyodide.py     @hoodmane @ryanking13 @agriyakhetarpal
 cibuildwheel/platforms/android.py     @mhsmith
+
+# Constraints files
+cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide*.txt @hoodmane @ryanking13 @agriyakhetarpal
@@ -9,3 +9,5 @@ updates:
      actions:
        patterns:
          - "*"
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
@@ -7,13 +7,17 @@ on:
    types:
    - published

+permissions: {}
+
 jobs:
  dist:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false

-    - uses: hynek/build-and-inspect-python-package@v2
+    - uses: hynek/build-and-inspect-python-package@fe0a0fb1925ca263d076ca4f2c13e93a6e92a33e # v2.17.0

  publish:
    needs: [dist]
@@ -27,16 +31,16 @@ jobs:
      attestations: write

    steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
      with:
        name: Packages
        path: dist

    - name: Generate artifact attestation for sdist and wheel
-      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@e8998f949152b193b063cb0ec769d69d929409be # v2.4.0
+      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@a2bbfa25375fe432b6a289bc6b6cd05ecd0c4c32 # v4.1.0
      with:
        subject-path: "dist/cibuildwheel-*"

-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@cef221092ed1bacb1cc03d23a2d87d1d172e277b # v1.14.0
      with:
        attestations: true
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    # allow manual runs on branches without a PR

+permissions: {}
+
 concurrency:
  group: test-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -37,72 +39,123 @@ jobs:
    name: Linters (mypy, ruff, etc.)
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-      id: python
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
      with:
        python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: j178/prek-action@cbc2f23eb5539cf20d82d1aabd0d0ecbcc56f4e3 # v2.0.2
    - name: PyLint checks
-      run: pipx run --python "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
+      run: uvx nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
+
+  sample:
+    name: Generate a sample project
+    needs: lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+      name: Install Python
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.x"
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
+    - name: Generate a sample project
+      run: uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj

  test:
-    name: Test on ${{ matrix.os }} (${{ matrix.python_version }})
-    needs: lint
+    name: Test on ${{ matrix.os }} (${{ matrix.python_version }}) ${{ matrix.test_select }}
+    needs: sample
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, windows-11-arm, macos-13, macos-15]
-        python_version: ['3.13']
        include:
+        # Min Python
        - os: ubuntu-latest
          python_version: '3.11'
+        # Max Python
        - os: ubuntu-latest
          python_version: '3.14'
+        - os: ubuntu-latest
+          python_version: '3.14'
+          test_select: android
+        - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+          python_version: '3.13'
+        - os: windows-latest
+          python_version: '3.13'
+        - os: windows-11-arm
+          python_version: '3.13'
+        - os: macos-15-intel
+          python_version: '3.13'
+        - os: macos-15
+          python_version: '3.13'
+        - os: macos-15-intel
+          python_version: '3.13'
+          test_select: ios
+        - os: macos-15
+          python_version: '3.13'
+          test_select: ios
+          # Exercise iOS on a non-default simulator.
+          test_runtime: 'args: --simulator "iPhone 16e,OS=18.5"'
+        - os: macos-15-intel
+          python_version: '3.13'
+          test_select: android
+          # Exercise Android on a non-default simulator
+          test_runtime: 'args: --managed minVersion'
+        - os: macos-15
+          python_version: '3.13'
+          test_select: android
    timeout-minutes: 180
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
      name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
      with:
        python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
        allow-prereleases: true

-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0

    - name: Free up disk space
-      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+      if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.test_select != 'android'
      run: |
-        docker system prune -a -f
-        sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_HOME/ndk/{26,28}.* /opt/hostedtoolcache/CodeQL \
+        sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_HOME/ndk /opt/hostedtoolcache/CodeQL \
          /usr/local/lib/node_modules /usr/local/share/chromium \
          /usr/local/share/powershell
-        df -h
-
-    # https://github.blog/changelog/2024-04-02-github-actions-hardware-accelerated-android-virtualization-now-available/
-    - name: Enable KVM for Android emulator
-      if: runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64'
-      run: |
-          echo 'KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0666", OPTIONS+="static_node=kvm"' | sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/99-kvm4all.rules
-          sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
-          sudo udevadm trigger --name-match=kvm
+        df -m

    # for oci_container unit tests
    - name: Set up QEMU
      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
+
+    - name: Set up Xcode
+      if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos-15') }}
+      run: |
+        # GitHub recommends explicitly selecting the desired Xcode version
+        sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode_16.4.app

    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-        uv sync --no-dev --group test
+      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test

-    - uses: joerick/pr-labels-action@v1.0.9
+    - uses: joerick/pr-labels-action@0543b277721e852d821c6738d449f2f4dea03d5f # v1.0.9

    - name: Set CIBW_ENABLE
      shell: bash
      run: |
-        if [[ "${{ github.ref_name }}" == "main" ]]; then
+        if [[ "$GITHUB_REF_NAME" == "main" ]]; then
          CIBW_ENABLE=all
        else
          # get the default CIBW_ENABLE value from the test module
@@ -118,9 +171,11 @@ jobs:
        fi
        echo "CIBW_ENABLE=${CIBW_ENABLE}" >> $GITHUB_ENV

-    - name: Generate a sample project
-      run: |
-        uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
+    - name: Download a sample project
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj

    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
      uses: ./
@@ -129,10 +184,13 @@ jobs:
        output-dir: wheelhouse
      env:
        CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64
-        CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: 'build[uv]'
+        CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: ${{ matrix.test_select && 'build' || 'build[uv]' }}
+        CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.test_select }}
+        CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.test_runtime }}

    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action, only)
      uses: ./
+      if: matrix.test_select == ''
      with:
        package-dir: sample_proj
        output-dir: wheelhouse_only
@@ -152,6 +210,9 @@ jobs:

    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action, config-file)
      uses: ./
+      env:
+        CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.test_select }}
+        CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.test_runtime }}
      with:
        package-dir: sample_proj
        output-dir: wheelhouse_config_file
@@ -161,17 +222,23 @@ jobs:
      shell: bash
      run: |
        test $(find wheelhouse -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -ge 1
-        test $(find wheelhouse_only -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
        test $(find wheelhouse_config_file -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1

-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+    - name: Check Action artifacts (native build only)
+      if: matrix.test_select == ''
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        test $(find wheelhouse_only -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
      with:
        name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
        path: wheelhouse/*.whl

    - name: Test cibuildwheel
-      run: |
-        uv run --no-sync bin/run_tests.py ${{ (runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64') && '--run-podman' || '' }}
+      env:
+        CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.test_runtime }}
+      run: uv run --no-sync bin/run_tests.py --test-select=${{ matrix.test_select || 'native' }} ${{ (runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64') && '--run-podman' || '' }}

  emulated-archs:
    name: Get qemu emulated architectures
@@ -180,11 +247,13 @@ jobs:
    outputs:
      archs: ${{ steps.archs.outputs.archs }}
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
      with:
        python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
    - name: Get qemu emulated architectures
@@ -203,39 +272,47 @@ jobs:
      matrix:
        arch: ${{ fromJSON(needs.emulated-archs.outputs.archs) }}
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
      with:
        python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test

    - name: Set up QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0

    - name: Run the emulation tests
-      run: uv run --no-sync pytest --run-emulation ${{ matrix.arch }} test/test_emulation.py
+      env:
+        MATRIX_ARCH: ${{ matrix.arch }}
+      run: uv run --no-sync pytest --run-emulation "$MATRIX_ARCH" test/test_emulation.py

  test-pyodide:
    name: Test pyodide
-    needs: lint
+    needs: sample
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    timeout-minutes: 180
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
      name: Install Python 3.12
      with:
        python-version: '3.12'
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0

    - name: Install dependencies
      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test

-    - name: Generate a sample project
-      run: |
-        uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
+    - name: Download a sample project
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj

    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
      uses: ./
@@ -246,7 +323,45 @@ jobs:
        CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide

    - name: Run tests with 'CIBW_PLATFORM' set to 'pyodide'
-      run: |
-        uv run --no-sync ./bin/run_tests.py
+      run: uv run --no-sync ./bin/run_tests.py
      env:
        CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
+
+  test-uv-extras:
+    name: Test uv extra on ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.test_select }}
+    needs: sample
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+        - os: ubuntu-latest
+          test_select: android
+        - os: windows-latest
+        - os: windows-11-arm
+        - os: macos-15-intel
+        - os: macos-15
+        - os: macos-15-intel
+          test_select: android
+        - os: macos-15
+          test_select: android
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - name: Download a sample project
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj
+    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
+      uses: ./
+      with:
+        extras: uv
+        package-dir: sample_proj
+        output-dir: wheelhouse
+      env:
+        CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64
+        CIBW_BUILD: cp314-*
+        CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: 'build[uv]'
+        CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.test_select }}
@@ -14,36 +14,45 @@ on:
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 6 * * 1'  # "At 06:00 on Monday."

+permissions: {}
+
 jobs:
  update-dependencies:
    name: Update dependencies
    if: github.repository_owner == 'pypa' || github.event_name != 'schedule'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    environment: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel' && 'update-dependencies-workflow' || '' }}
    steps:

    # we use this step to grab a Github App auth token, so that PRs generated by this workflow
    # run the GHA tests.
-    - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2
+    - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@1b10c78c7865c340bc4f6099eb2f838309f1e8c3 # v3.1.1
      id: generate-token
      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
      with:
        app-id: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_ID }}
        private-key: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}

-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false

-    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2025.05.01
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.14"

    - name: "Run update: dependencies"
-      run: nox --force-color -s update_constraints
+      run: uvx nox --force-color -s update_constraints
    - name: "Run update: python configs"
-      run: nox --force-color -s update_pins
+      run: uvx nox --force-color -s update_pins
    - name: "Run update: docs user projects"
-      run: nox --force-color -s update_proj -- --auth=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      run: uvx nox --force-color -s update_proj -- --auth=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

    - name: Create Pull Request
      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
-      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v7
+      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@5f6978faf089d4d20b00c7766989d076bb2fc7f1 # v8.1.1
      with:
        commit-message: Update dependencies
        title: '[Bot] Update dependencies'
@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@ jobs:
    permissions:
      contents: write
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Update the ${{ env.TAG_NAME }} tag
        id: update-major-minor-tag
-        uses: joerick/update-vX.Y-tag-action@v1.0
+        uses: joerick/update-vX.Y-tag-action@c4cefb60c33b82e4aa73a469e4acf30ee48d5812 # v1.0.2
        with:
          source-tag: ${{ env.TAG_NAME }}
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: zizmor - GitHub Actions Security Analysis
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["main"]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: ["**"]
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  zizmor:
+    name: Run zizmor 🌈
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      security-events: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Run zizmor 🌈
+        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@b1d7e1fb5de872772f31590499237e7cce841e8e # v0.5.3
@@ -112,3 +112,10 @@ site/

 # PyCharm
 .idea/
+
+# Lockfiles
+*.lock
+*.pylock
+
+# OS files
+.DS_Store
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-repos:
+ci:
+  autoupdate_schedule: monthly

+repos:
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v5.0.0
+  rev: 3e8a8703264a2f4a69428a0aa4dcb512790b2c8c  # frozen: v6.0.0
  hooks:
  - id: check-case-conflict
  - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -12,21 +14,22 @@ repos:
    exclude: (cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg)|(.svg$)
  - id: mixed-line-ending
  - id: trailing-whitespace
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/android/android.patch$

 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.12.5
+  rev: c60c980e561ed3e73101667fe8365c609d19a438  # frozen: v0.15.9
  hooks:
-  - id: ruff
-    args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
+  - id: ruff-check
+    args: ["--fix"]
  - id: ruff-format

 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v1.17.0
+  rev: 8e5c80792e2ec0c87804d8ef915bf35e2caea6da  # frozen: v1.20.0
  hooks:
  - id: mypy
    name: mypy 3.11 on cibuildwheel/
    args: ["--python-version=3.11"]
-    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/_cross_venv.py$  # Requires Python 3.13 or later
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/android/_cross_venv.py$  # Requires Python 3.13 or later
    additional_dependencies: &mypy-dependencies
      - bracex
      - build
@@ -49,12 +52,12 @@ repos:
      - uv
      - validate-pyproject
  - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.13
-    args: ["--python-version=3.13"]
+    name: mypy 3.14
+    args: ["--python-version=3.14"]
    additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies

 - repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
-  rev: v0.10.0.1
+  rev: 745eface02aef23e168a8afb6b5737818efbea95  # frozen: v0.11.0.1
  hooks:
  - id: shellcheck

@@ -75,7 +78,7 @@ repos:
    additional_dependencies: [cogapp>=3.5]

 - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-  rev: v2.4.1
+  rev: 2ccb47ff45ad361a21071a7eedda4c37e6ae8c5a  # frozen: v2.4.2
  hooks:
  - id: codespell
    args: ["-w"]
@@ -83,14 +86,13 @@ repos:


 - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-  rev: 0.33.2
+  rev: ed81924a8b1cecdaa570b072528fa80c9c4d6ccd  # frozen: 0.37.1
  hooks:
    - id: check-dependabot
    - id: check-github-actions
    - id: check-github-workflows
    - id: check-gitlab-ci
-    # Disabled due to schema issue for now:
-    # - id: check-readthedocs
+    - id: check-readthedocs
    - id: check-travis
    - id: check-jsonschema
      name: Check projects
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-os: linux
-dist: jammy
-language: python
-
-branches:
-  only:
-  - main
-
-# only build the main branch or PR that explicitely want to test with Travis CI
-if: (type = "push") OR (commit_message =~ /travis-ci/)
-
-jobs:
-  include:
-    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
-      services: docker
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        # a build using CIBW_ENABLE=all does not fit into Travis' time limit,
-        # so only the defaults are tested
-
-    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
-      services: docker
-      arch: arm64
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
-
-    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
-      services: docker
-      arch: ppc64le
-      allow_failure: True
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        # skip test_manylinuxXXXX_only, it uses too much disk space
-        # c.f. https://travis-ci.community/t/running-out-of-disk-space-quota-when-using-docker-on-ppc64le/11634
-        - PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "not test_manylinuxXXXX_only"'
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
-
-    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.12
-      os: windows
-      language: shell
-      before_install:
-        # http://woshub.com/updating-trusted-root-certificates-in-windows-10
-        - certutil -generateSSTFromWU roots.sst
-        - powershell -Command 'Get-ChildItem -Path roots.sst | Import-Certificate -CertStoreLocation Cert:\LocalMachine\Root'
-        - rm -f roots.sst
-        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.12.8 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python312"
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=C:\\Python312\\python
-        # a build using CIBW_ENABLE=all does not fit into Travis' time limit,
-        # so only the defaults are tested
-
-    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
-      services: docker
-      arch: s390x
-      allow_failure: True
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
-
-install:
- if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "linux" ]; then docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all; fi
- $PYTHON -m pip install -U pip
- $PYTHON -m pip install -e. --group test
-
-script: |
-  # travis_wait disable the output while waiting
-  # use the same kind of tricks as in multibuild
-  (while true; do echo "travis_keep_alive"; sleep 300; done) &
-  SPINNER_PID=$!
-  disown
-  result=0
-  $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py --num-processes 2 || result=1
-  kill -9 ${SPINNER_PID}
-  test ${result} -eq 0
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 This is a summary of the host Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:

-|         | 3.11                             | 3.12                                        | 3.13           |
-|---------|----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|----------------|
-| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ / Travis CI | GitHub Actions |
-| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  | CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹             | GitHub Actions |
-| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ / Travis CI             | GitHub Actions |
+|         | 3.11                             | 3.12                    | 3.13           | 3.14           |
+|---------|----------------------------------|-----------------------|----------------|----------------|
+| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | CircleCI¹ / GitLab¹   | GitHub Actions | GitHub Actions |
+| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  | CircleCI¹ / GitLab¹   | GitHub Actions |                |
+| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | GitLab¹               | GitHub Actions |                |

 > ¹ Runs a reduced set of tests to reduce CI load
-
-Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.12.
@@ -1,24 +1,9 @@
-This project is licensed under the 'BSD 2-clause license'.
+Copyright 2017, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.

-Copyright (c) 2017-2025, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

-Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

-1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
-list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

-2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
-this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
-and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
-AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
-DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
-SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
-CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
-OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS “AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ cibuildwheel
 [![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/cibuildwheel.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cibuildwheel)
 [![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/cibuildwheel/badge/?version=stable)](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/?badge=stable)
 [![Actions Status](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/workflows/Test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions)
-[![Travis Status](https://img.shields.io/travis/com/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=travis)](https://travis-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [![CircleCI Status](https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=circleci)](https://circleci.com/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [![Azure Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/pypa.cibuildwheel?branchName=main)](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=4&branchName=main)

@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ cibuildwheel

 Python wheels are great. Building them across **Mac, Linux, Windows**, on **multiple versions of Python**, is not.

-`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, CircleCI, and GitLab CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.
+`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, CircleCI, and GitLab CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.


 What does it do?
@@ -23,29 +22,30 @@ What does it do?

 While cibuildwheel itself requires a recent Python version to run (we support the last three releases), it can target the following versions to build wheels:

-|                    | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x | manylinux<br/>musllinux armv7l | Android | iOS | Pyodide |
-|--------------------|----|-----|----|-----|-----|----|-----|----|-----|-----|---|-----|-----|-----|
-| CPython 3.8        | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| CPython 3.9        | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| CPython 3.10       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| CPython 3.11       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| CPython 3.12       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | N/A | N/A | ✅⁴ |
-| CPython 3.13³      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | ✅ | ✅ | N/A |
-| CPython 3.14       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.8 v7.3      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.9 v7.3      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.10 v7.3     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.11 v7.3     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| GraalPy 3.11 v24.2 | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | N/A  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+|                          | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64  | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x | manylinux<br/>musllinux armv7l | Android | iOS | Pyodide        |
+| ------------------------ | ----------- | ------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | -------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------- | --- | -------------- |
+| CPython 3.8              | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | N/A            | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| CPython 3.9              | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| CPython 3.10             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| CPython 3.11             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| CPython 3.12             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | ✅<sup>4</sup> |
+| CPython 3.13<sup>3</sup> | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | ✅<sup>4</sup> |
+| CPython 3.14             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | N/A            |
+| PyPy 3.8 v7.3            | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| PyPy 3.9 v7.3            | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| PyPy 3.10 v7.3           | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| PyPy 3.11 v7.3           | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| GraalPy 3.11 v24.2       | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | N/A                          | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| GraalPy 3.12 v25.0       | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | N/A                          | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |

-<sup>¹ PyPy & GraalPy are only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
-<sup>² Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
-<sup>³ Free-threaded mode requires opt-in on 3.13 using [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable).</sup><br>
-<sup>⁴ Experimental, not yet supported on PyPI, but can be used directly in web deployment. Use `--platform pyodide` to build.</sup><br>
-<sup>⁵ manylinux armv7l support is experimental. As there are no RHEL based image for this architecture, it's using an Ubuntu based image instead.</sup><br>
+<sup>**1** PyPy & GraalPy are only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
+<sup>**2** Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
+<sup>**3** Free-threaded mode requires opt-in on 3.13 using [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable).</sup><br>
+<sup>**4** Experimental, not yet supported on PyPI, but can be used directly in web deployment. Use `--platform pyodide` to build.</sup><br>
+<sup>**5** manylinux armv7l support is experimental. As there are no RHEL based image for this architecture, it's using an Ubuntu based image instead.</sup><br>

- Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+ (10.13+ for Python 3.12+), and Windows wheels for CPython, PyPy, and GraalPy
- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
+- Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS, and Windows wheels for CPython, PyPy, and GraalPy
+- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, CircleCI, and GitLab CI
 - Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS through [auditwheel](https://github.com/pypa/auditwheel) and [delocate](https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
 - Runs your library's tests against the wheel-installed version of your library

@@ -56,19 +56,19 @@ Usage

 `cibuildwheel` runs inside a CI service. Supported platforms depend on which service you're using:

-|                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM | macOS ARM | Windows ARM | Android | iOS |
-|-----------------|-------|-------|---------|-----------|-----------|-------------|---------|-----|
-| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       | ✅        | ✅        | ✅²         | ✅⁴      | ✅³  |
-| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       |           | ✅        | ✅²         | ✅⁴      | ✅³  |
-| Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅        |           |             | ✅⁴      |     |
-| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅        | ✅        |             | ✅⁴      | ✅³  |
-| Gitlab CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅¹       | ✅        |             | ✅⁴      | ✅³  |
-| Cirrus CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅        | ✅        |             | ✅⁴      |      |
+|                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM      | macOS ARM | Windows ARM    | Android                    | iOS                        | Pyodide        |
+| --------------- | ----- | ----- | ------- | -------------- | --------- | -------------- | -------------------------- | -------------------------- | -------------- |
+| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅             | ✅        | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅<sup>4</sup>             | ✅<sup>3</sup>             | ✅             |
+| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |                | ✅        | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅<sup>4</sup>             | ✅<sup>3</sup>             | ✅<sup>5</sup> |
+| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅             | ✅        |                | ✅<sup>4</sup><sup>5</sup> | ✅<sup>3</sup><sup>5</sup> | ✅<sup>5</sup> |
+| GitLab CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅<sup>1</sup> | ✅        |                | ✅<sup>4</sup><sup>5</sup> | ✅<sup>3</sup><sup>5</sup> | ✅<sup>5</sup> |
+
+<sup>**1** [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
+<sup>**2** [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup><br>
+<sup>**3** Requires a macOS runner; runs tests on the simulator for the runner's architecture. </sup><br>
+<sup>**4** Building for Android requires the runner to be Linux x86_64, macOS ARM64 or macOS x86_64. Testing has [additional requirements](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/platforms/#android).</sup><br>
+<sup>**5** Builds may work, but are untested in cibuildwheel's CI.</sup><br>

-<sup>¹ [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
-<sup>² [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup><br>
-<sup>³ Requires a macOS runner; runs tests on the simulator for the runner's architecture.</sup><br>
-<sup>⁴ Building for Android requires the runner to be Linux x86_64, macOS ARM64 or macOS x86_64. Testing has [additional requirements](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/platforms/#android).</sup><br>
 <!--intro-end-->

 Example setup
@@ -88,16 +88,18 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, windows-11-arm, macos-13, macos-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, windows-11-arm, macos-15-intel, macos-latest]

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false

      # Used to host cibuildwheel
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6

      - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.1.3
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1

      - name: Build wheels
        run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -106,7 +108,7 @@ jobs:
        #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
        #   ...

-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
        with:
          name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -124,6 +126,11 @@ The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platf

 <sup>Explore an interactive version of this diagram [in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/#how-it-works).</sup>

+> [!WARNING]
+> Building and testing wheels executes arbitrary code from your project and its dependencies. Although cibuildwheel uses OCI containers and Pyodide for some builds, these provide no security guarantees - the code you're building and testing has full access to the environment that's invoking cibuildwheel.
+>
+> If you cannot trust all the code that's pulled in, maintain good security hygiene: keep the job that builds distributions separate from the job that uploads them to PyPI, handle secrets and credentials with care and rotate them regularly, and follow the principle of least privilege when granting permissions. Do not store sensitive data on CI runners.
+

 <!--[[[cog from readme_options_table import get_table; print(get_table()) ]]]-->

@@ -157,12 +164,13 @@ The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platf
 |  | [`test-groups`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-groups) | Specify test dependencies from your project's `dependency-groups` |
 |  | [`test-skip`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-skip) | Skip running tests on some builds |
 |  | [`test-environment`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-environment) | Set environment variables for the test environment |
+|  | [`test-runtime`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-runtime) | Controls how the tests will be executed. |
 | **Debugging** | [`debug-keep-container`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#debug-keep-container) | Keep the container after running for debugging. |
 |  | [`debug-traceback`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#debug-traceback) | Print full traceback when errors occur. |
 |  | [`build-verbosity`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-verbosity) | Increase/decrease the output of the build |


-<!--[[[end]]] (sum: FxE3nIgFiY) -->
+<!--[[[end]]] (sum: dbfwOkj/k/) -->

 These options can be specified in a pyproject.toml file, or as environment variables, see [configuration docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/configuration/).

@@ -177,37 +185,39 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.

 | Name                              | CI | OS | Notes |
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
-| [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
-| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
+| [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
-| [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
-| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
+| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
+| [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
-| [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
+| [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
-| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
+| [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |

 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
-[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
+[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
-[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
+[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
-[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
+[Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton

 [github icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/github.svg
 [azurepipelines icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/azurepipelines.svg
 [circleci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/circleci.svg
 [gitlab icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/gitlab.svg
 [travisci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/travisci.svg
-[cirrusci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/cirrusci.svg
 [windows icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/windows.svg
 [apple icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/apple.svg
 [linux icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/linux.svg
+[android icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/android.svg
+[ios icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/ios.svg
+[pyodide icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/pyodide.svg

 <!-- END bin/projects.py -->

@@ -227,64 +237,57 @@ Changelog

 <!-- [[[cog from readme_changelog import mini_changelog; print(mini_changelog()) ]]] -->

-### v3.1.3
+### v3.4.1

-_1 August 2025_
+_2 April 2026_

- 🐛 Fix bug where "latest" dependencies couldn't update to pip 25.2 on Windows (#2537)
- 🛠 Use pytest-rerunfailures to improve some of our iOS/Android tests (#2527, #2539)
- 🛠 Remove some GraalPy Windows workarounds in our tests (#2501)
+- ⚠️ Building for the experimental CPython 3.13 free-threading variant is now deprecated. That functionality will be removed in the next minor release. The [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) option `cpython-freethreading` is therefore also deprecated. Builds specifying `enable = "all"` no longer select `cpython-freethreading`. CPython 3.14 free-threading support remains available without the `enable` flag. (#2787)
+- 🐛 iOS builds will no longer skip `repair-wheel-command` if it's defined in config (#2761)
+- 🐛 Fix bug causing `uv` to fail when environments define PYTHON_VERSION or UV_PYTHON, conflicting with our venvs (#2795)
+- ✨ cibuildwheel prints the selected build identifiers at the start of the build. (#2785)
+- 🔐 The GitHub Action now references other actions with a full SHA (#2744)

+### v3.4.0

+_5 March 2026_

-### v3.1.2
+- 🌟 You can now build wheels using `uv` as a build frontend. This should improve performance, especially if your project has lots of build dependencies. To use, set [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) to `uv`. (#2322)
+- ⚠️ We no longer support running on Travis CI. It may continue working but we don't run tests there anymore so we can't be sure. (#2682)
+- ✨ Improvements to building rust wheels on Android (#2650)
+- 🛠 Update Pyodide to 0.29.3 (#2719, #2733)
+- 🐛 Fix bug with the GitHub Action on Windows, where PATH was getting unnecessarily changed, causing issues with meson builds. (#2723)
+- ✨ Add support for quiet setting on `build` and `uv` from the cibuildwheel `build-verbosity` setting. (#2737)
+- 📚 Docs updates, including guidance on using Meson on Windows (#2718)

-_29 July 2025_
+### v3.3.1

- ⚠️  Add an error if `CIBW_FREE_THREADING_SUPPORT` is set; you are likely missing 3.13t wheels, please use the `enable`/`CIBW_ENABLE` (#2520)
- 🛠 `riscv64` now enabled if you target that architecture, it's now supported on PyPI (#2509)
- 🛠 Add warning when using `cpython-experimental-riscv64` (no longer needed) (#2526, #2528)
- 🛠 iOS versions bumped, fixing issues with 3.14 (now RC 1) (#2530)
- 🐛 Fix bug in Android running wheel from our GitHub Action (#2517)
- 🐛 Fix warning when using `test-skip` of `"*-macosx_universal2:arm64"` (#2522)
- 🐛 Fix incorrect number of wheels reported in logs, again (#2517)
- 📚 We welcome our Android platform maintainer (#2516)
+_5 January 2026_

+- 🛠 Update dependencies and container pins, including updating to CPython 3.14.2. (#2708)

-### v3.1.1
+### v3.3.0

-_24 July 2025_
+_12 November 2025_

- 🐛 Fix a bug showing an incorrect wheel count at the end of execution, and misrepresenting test-only runs in the GitHub Action summary (#2512)
- 📚 Docs fix (#2510)
+- 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with Docker v29 (#2660)
+- ✨ Adds `test-runtime` option, to customise how tests on simulated/emulated environments are run (#2636)
+- ✨ Adds support for new `manylinux_2_35` images on 32-bit ARM `armv7l`, offering better C++20 compatibility (#2656)
+- ✨ `build[uv]` is now supported on Android (#2587)
+- ✨ You can now install extras (such as `uv`) with a simple option on the GitHub Action (#2630)
+- ✨ `{project}` and `{package}` placeholders are now supported in `repair-wheel-command` (#2589)
+- 🛠 The versions set with `dependency-versions` no longer constrain packages specified by your `build-system.requires`. Previously, on platforms other than Linux, the constraints in this option would remain in the environment during the build. This has been tidied up make behaviour more consistent between platforms, and to prevent version conflicts. (#2583)
+- 🛠 Improve the handling of `test-command` on Android, enabling more options to be passed (#2590)
+- 📚 Docs improvements (#2618)

-### v3.1.0
+### v3.2.1

-_23 July 2025_
+_12 October 2025_

+- 🛠 Update to CPython 3.14.0 final (#2614)
+- 🐛 Fix the default MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET on Python 3.14 (#2613)
+- 📚 Docs improvements (#2617)

- 🌟 CPython 3.14 wheels are now built by default - without the `"cpython-prerelease"` `enable` set. It's time to build and upload these wheels to PyPI! This release includes CPython 3.14.0rc1, which is guaranteed to be ABI compatible with the final release. (#2507) Free-threading is no longer experimental in 3.14, so you have to skip it explicitly with `'cp31?t-*'` if you don't support it yet. (#2503)
- 🌟 Adds the ability to [build wheels for Android](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/platforms/#android)! Set the [`platform` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#platform) to `android` on Linux or macOS to try it out! (#2349)
- 🌟 Adds Pyodide 0.28, which builds 3.13 wheels (#2487)
- ✨ Support for 32-bit `manylinux_2_28` (now a consistent default) and `manylinux_2_34` added (#2500)
- 🛠 Improved summary, will also use markdown summary output on GHA (#2469)
- 🛠 The riscv64 images now have a working default (as they are now part of pypy/manylinux), but are still experimental (and behind an `enable`) since you can't push them to PyPI yet (#2506)
- 🛠 Fixed a typo in the 3.9 MUSL riscv64 identifier (`cp39-musllinux_ricv64` -> `cp39-musllinux_riscv64`) (#2490)
- 🛠 Mistyping `--only` now shows the correct possibilities, and even suggests near matches on Python 3.14+ (#2499)
- 🛠 Only support one output from the repair step on linux like other platforms; auditwheel fixed this over four years ago! (#2478)
- 🛠 We now use pattern matching extensively (#2434)
- 📚 We now have platform maintainers for our special platforms and interpreters! (#2481)
-
-
-
-### v3.0.1
-
-_5 July 2025_
-
- 🛠 Updates CPython 3.14 prerelease to 3.14.0b3 (#2471)
- ✨ Adds a CPython 3.14 prerelease iOS build (only when prerelease builds are [enabled](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable)) (#2475)
-
-<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: Fe+mD8YR4+) -->
+<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: h5X+wOmWfI) -->

 ---

@@ -311,11 +314,11 @@ Core:
 - Matthieu Darbois [@mayeut](https://github.com/mayeut)
 - Henry Schreiner [@henryiii](https://github.com/henryiii)
 - Grzegorz Bokota [@Czaki](https://github.com/Czaki)
+- Agriya Khetarpal [@agriyakhetarpal](https://github.com/agriyakhetarpal) (also Pyodide)

 Platform maintainers:

 - Russell Keith-Magee [@freakboy3742](https://github.com/freakboy3742) (iOS)
- Agriya Khetarpal [@agriyakhetarpal](https://github.com/agriyakhetarpal) (Pyodide)
 - Hood Chatham [@hoodmane](https://github.com/hoodmane) (Pyodide)
 - Gyeongjae Choi [@ryanking13](https://github.com/ryanking13) (Pyodide)
 - Tim Felgentreff [@timfel](https://github.com/timfel) (GraalPy)
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ inputs:
    description: 'Build a specific wheel only. No need for arch/platform if this is set'
    required: false
    default: ''
+  extras:
+    description: 'Comma-separated list of extras to install'
+    required: false
+    default: ''
 branding:
  icon: package
  color: yellow
@@ -24,17 +28,18 @@ branding:
 runs:
  using: composite
  steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
      id: python
      with:
-        python-version: "3.11 - 3.13"
+        python-version: "3.11 - 3.14"
        update-environment: false

    - id: cibw
      run: |
-        # Install cibuildwheel
-        "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" -u << "EOF"
+        # Install cibuildwheel and build the command line
+        "$PYTHON" -u << "EOF"
        import os
+        import shlex
        import shutil
        import sys
        import venv
@@ -42,6 +47,8 @@ runs:
        from pathlib import Path
        from subprocess import run

+        EXTRAS = set(e.strip() for e in os.environ.get("INPUT_EXTRAS", "").split(",") if e.strip())
+

        class EnvBuilder(venv.EnvBuilder):
            def __init__(self):
@@ -53,39 +60,88 @@ runs:
            def post_setup(self, context):
                super().post_setup(context)
                self.bin_path = Path(context.env_exe).parent
-                run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "--python", context.env_exe, "install", r"${{ github.action_path }}"], check=True)
+                install_spec = os.environ["GITHUB_ACTION_PATH"]
+                if EXTRAS:
+                    install_spec += f"[{','.join(sorted(EXTRAS))}]"
+                run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "--python", context.env_exe, "install", install_spec], check=True)


        print("::group::Install cibuildwheel")
-        venv_path = Path(r"${{ runner.temp }}") / "cibw"
+        venv_path = Path(os.environ["RUNNER_TEMP"]) / "cibw"
        if venv_path.exists():
            shutil.rmtree(venv_path)
+
        builder = EnvBuilder()
        builder.create(venv_path)
-        cibw_path = [path for path in builder.bin_path.glob("cibuildwheel*") if path.stem == "cibuildwheel"][0]
+        exposed_binaries = {"cibuildwheel"}
+
+        if "uv" in EXTRAS:
+            exposed_binaries.add("uv")
+        clean_bin_path = builder.bin_path.parent / f"{builder.bin_path.name}.clean"
+        clean_bin_path.mkdir()
+
+        for path in list(builder.bin_path.iterdir()):
+            if path.stem in exposed_binaries:
+                try:
+                    os.symlink(path, clean_bin_path / path.name)
+                except OSError:
+                    shutil.copy2(path, clean_bin_path / path.name)
+
+        cibw_bin = [p for p in builder.bin_path.glob("cibuildwheel*") if p.stem == "cibuildwheel"][0]
+
+        # Build the command line
+        cmd_args = [str(cibw_bin), os.environ["INPUT_PACKAGE_DIR"]]
+
+        if output_dir := os.environ.get("INPUT_OUTPUT_DIR"):
+            cmd_args += ["--output-dir", output_dir]
+
+        if config_file := os.environ.get("INPUT_CONFIG_FILE"):
+            cmd_args += ["--config-file", config_file]
+
+        if only := os.environ.get("INPUT_ONLY"):
+            cmd_args += ["--only", only]
+
+        cmd_bash = shlex.join(cmd_args)
+
+        def pwsh_quote(text):
+            # Wrap in single quotes and double-up any existing single quotes
+            return "'" + str(text).replace("'", "''") + "'"
+
+        # Prepend '& ' so PowerShell executes the quoted binary path
+        cmd_pwsh = "& " + " ".join(pwsh_quote(arg) for arg in cmd_args)
+
        with open(os.environ["GITHUB_OUTPUT"], "at") as f:
-            f.write(f"cibw-path={cibw_path}\n")
+            f.write(f"prepend-path={clean_bin_path}\n")
+            f.write(f"cmd-bash={cmd_bash}\n")
+            f.write(f"cmd-pwsh={cmd_pwsh}\n")
+
        print("::endgroup::")
        EOF
      shell: bash
+      env:
+        PYTHON: ${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}
+        INPUT_PACKAGE_DIR: ${{ inputs.package-dir }}
+        INPUT_OUTPUT_DIR: ${{ inputs.output-dir }}
+        INPUT_CONFIG_FILE: ${{ inputs.config-file }}
+        INPUT_ONLY: ${{ inputs.only }}
+        INPUT_EXTRAS: ${{ inputs.extras }}

    # Redirecting stderr to stdout to fix interleaving issue in Actions.
-    - run: >
-        "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-path }}"
-        "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
-        ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
-        2>&1
+    - run: |
+        export PATH="$CIBW_PREPEND_PATH:$PATH"
+        eval "$CIBW_CMD_BASH" 2>&1
      shell: bash
      if: runner.os != 'Windows'
+      env:
+        CIBW_PREPEND_PATH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.prepend-path }}
+        CIBW_CMD_BASH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cmd-bash }}

    # Windows needs powershell to interact nicely with Meson
-    - run: >
-        & "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-path }}"
-        "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
-        ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
+    - run: |
+        $env:PATH = "$env:CIBW_PREPEND_PATH;$env:PATH"
+        Invoke-Expression $env:CIBW_CMD_PWSH
      shell: pwsh
      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      env:
+        CIBW_PREPEND_PATH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.prepend-path }}
+        CIBW_CMD_PWSH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cmd-pwsh }}
@@ -16,62 +16,61 @@ pr:
      - noxfile.py

 jobs:
- job: linux_311
+- job: tests
+  strategy:
+    matrix:
+      linux_311:
+        imageName: "ubuntu-latest"
+        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        testSelect: "native"
+      android_311:
+        imageName: "ubuntu-latest"
+        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        testSelect: "android"
+      macos_311:
+        imageName: "macos-latest"
+        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        testSelect: "native"
+      ios_311:
+        imageName: "macos-14"  # See https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/12777
+        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        testSelect: "ios"
+      android_macos_311:
+        imageName: "macos-latest"
+        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        testSelect: "android"
+      windows_311:
+        imageName: "windows-latest"
+        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        testSelect: "native"
  timeoutInMinutes: 180
-  pool: {vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'}
+  pool:
+    vmImage: $(imageName)
+
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
      inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.11'
+        versionSpec: $(pythonVersion)
+
    - task: JavaToolInstaller@0
+      condition: and(eq(variables['testSelect'], 'android'), eq(variables['Agent.OS'], 'Linux'))
      inputs:
        versionSpec: '17'
        jdkArchitectureOption: 'x64'
        jdkSourceOption: 'PreInstalled'
-    - bash: |
-        docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-        python -m pip install -U pip
-        python -m pip install -e. --group test
-        if [ "$(Build.SourceBranch)" = "refs/heads/main" ]; then
-          echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-          export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch ($(Build.SourceBranch))."
-        fi
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py

- job: macos_311
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-latest'}
-  timeoutInMinutes: 120
-  steps:
-    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
-      inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.11'
-    - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -U pip
-        python -m pip install -e. --group test
-        if [ "$(Build.SourceBranch)" = "refs/heads/main" ]; then
-          echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-          export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch ($(Build.SourceBranch))."
-        fi
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py
+    - bash: docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
+      condition: and(eq(variables['imageName'], 'ubuntu-latest'), eq(variables['testSelect'], 'native'))
+      displayName: 'Install binfmt on Linux'
+
+    - bash: python -m pip install -U pip && python -m pip install -e. --group test
+      displayName: 'Update pip and install cibuildwheel --group test'
+
+    - bash: echo "##vso[task.setvariable variable=CIBW_ENABLE;]all"
+      condition: eq(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/heads/main')
+      displayName: Set CIBW_ENABLE to all (main branch)

- job: windows_311
-  pool: {vmImage: 'windows-latest'}
-  timeoutInMinutes: 180
-  steps:
-    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
-      inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.11'
    - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -U pip
-        python -m pip install -e. --group test
-        if [ "$(Build.SourceBranch)" = "refs/heads/main" ]; then
-          echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-          export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch ($(Build.SourceBranch))."
-        fi
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py
+        echo "CIBW_ENABLE = $CIBW_ENABLE"
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py --test-select $(testSelect)
+      displayName: 'Run tests'
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script

 # /// script
-# dependencies = ["click", "packaging"]
+# dependencies = ["click", "packaging", "prek"]
 # ///


@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
        sys.exit(1)

    # fmt: off
-    print(              'Current version:', current_version)
-    new_version = input('    New version: ').strip()
+    print(              "Current version:", current_version)
+    new_version = input("    New version: ").strip()
    # fmt: on

    try:
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
    # run pre-commit to update the README changelog
    subprocess.run(
        [
-            "pre-commit",
+            "prek",
            "run",
            "--files=docs/changelog.md",
        ],
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
    # run pre-commit to check that no errors occurred on the second run
    subprocess.run(
        [
-            "pre-commit",
+            "prek",
            "run",
            "--files=docs/changelog.md",
        ],
@@ -1,4 +1,14 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+#   "cibuildwheel",
+# ]
+#
+# [tool.uv.sources]
+# cibuildwheel = { path = ".." }
+# ///

 import sys
 import textwrap
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run -q
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script

 # /// script
 # dependencies = ["pyyaml"]
@@ -6,17 +6,12 @@

 import argparse
 import copy
-import functools
 import json
-import sys
 from typing import Any

 import yaml

-make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-    make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-parser = make_parser()
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(allow_abbrev=False)
 parser.add_argument("--schemastore", action="store_true", help="Generate schema_store version")
 args = parser.parse_args()

@@ -33,7 +28,6 @@ $defs:
    description: How to inherit the parent's value.
  enable:
    enum:
-      - cpython-experimental-riscv64
      - cpython-freethreading
      - cpython-prerelease
      - graalpy
@@ -63,21 +57,23 @@ properties:
    type: string_array
  build-frontend:
    default: default
-    description: Set the tool to use to build, either "build" (default), "build[uv]", or "pip"
+    description: Set the tool to use to build, either "build" (default), "build[uv]", "uv", or "pip"
    oneOf:
-      - enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", default]
+      - enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", uv, default]
      - type: string
        pattern: '^pip; ?args:'
      - type: string
        pattern: '^build; ?args:'
      - type: string
        pattern: '^build\\[uv\\]; ?args:'
+      - type: string
+        pattern: '^uv; ?args:'
      - type: object
        additionalProperties: false
        required: [name]
        properties:
          name:
-            enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]"]
+            enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", uv]
          args:
            type: array
            items:
@@ -229,6 +225,24 @@ properties:
  test-environment:
    description: Set environment variables for the test environment
    type: string_table
+  test-runtime:
+    description: Additional configuration for the test runner
+    oneOf:
+      - type: string
+        pattern: '^$'
+      - type: object
+        additionalProperties: false
+      - type: string
+        pattern: 'args:'
+      - type: object
+        additionalProperties: false
+        required: [args]
+        properties:
+          args:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+
 """

 schema = yaml.safe_load(starter)
@@ -309,6 +323,7 @@ items:
        test-sources: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
        test-requires: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
        test-environment: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
+        test-runtime: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
 """
 )

@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+#   "pygithub",
+#   "pyyaml",
+#   "rich",
+#   "cibuildwheel",
+# ]
+#
+# [tool.uv.sources]
+# cibuildwheel = { path = ".." }
+# ///

 """
 Check known projects for usage of requires-python.
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+# ]
+# ///


 import os
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script

 # /// script
 # dependencies = [
@@ -20,17 +20,18 @@ Suggested usage:
 import builtins
 import functools
 import textwrap
+import urllib.error
 import urllib.request
 import xml.dom.minidom
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from io import StringIO
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Self, TextIO

 import click
 import yaml
-from github import Github, GithubException
+from github import Auth, Github, GithubException

 ICONS = (
    "github",
@@ -38,10 +39,12 @@ ICONS = (
    "circleci",
    "gitlab",
    "travisci",
-    "cirrusci",
    "windows",
    "apple",
    "linux",
+    "android",
+    "ios",
+    "pyodide",
 )


@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ class Project:
                    self.notes = notes
        else:
            self.num_stars = 0
-            self.pushed_at = datetime.utcnow()
+            self.pushed_at = datetime.now(UTC)

        name_len = len(self.name) + 4
        self.__class__.NAME = max(self.__class__.NAME, name_len)
@@ -124,14 +127,19 @@ class Project:
        return f"[{self.name}]: {self.url}"

    def info(self) -> str:
-        days = (datetime.utcnow() - self.pushed_at).days
+        days = (datetime.now(UTC) - self.pushed_at).days
        return f"<!-- {self.name}: {self.num_stars}, last pushed {days} days ago -->"


 def fetch_icon(icon_name: str) -> None:
    url = f"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/simple-icons@v4/icons/{icon_name}.svg"
-    with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as f:
-        original_svg_data = f.read()
+    try:
+        with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as f:
+            original_svg_data = f.read()
+    except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
+        if e.code == 404 and path_for_icon(icon_name).exists():
+            return
+        raise

    document = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(original_svg_data)
    svgElement = document.documentElement
@@ -165,7 +173,7 @@ def get_projects(
        for icon in ICONS:
            fetch_icon(icon)

-    github = Github(auth) if online else None
+    github = Github(auth=Auth.Token(auth)) if (online and auth) else None

    return sorted((Project(item, github) for item in config), reverse=online)

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script

 import re
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script

 import dataclasses
 import re
@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+# ]
+# ///


 import os
+import re
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -13,7 +20,9 @@ from urllib.parse import quote

 import click

-DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
+DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
+
+BuildBackend = typing.Literal["setuptools", "meson"]


 def shell(cmd: str, *, check: bool, **kwargs: object) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
@@ -26,11 +35,17 @@ def git_repo_has_changes() -> bool:
    return unstaged_changes or staged_changes


-def generate_basic_project(path: Path) -> None:
+def generate_project(path: Path, build_backend: BuildBackend) -> None:
    sys.path.insert(0, "")
-    from test.test_projects.c import new_c_project  # noqa: PLC0415
+    match build_backend:
+        case "meson":
+            from test.test_projects.meson import new_meson_project as new_project  # noqa: PLC0415
+        case "setuptools":
+            from test.test_projects.setuptools import new_c_project as new_project  # noqa: PLC0415
+        case _:
+            typing.assert_never(build_backend)

-    project = new_c_project()
+    project = new_project()
    project.generate(path)


@@ -38,6 +53,45 @@ class CIService(typing.NamedTuple):
    name: str
    dst_config_path: str
    badge_md: str
+    config_file_transform: typing.Callable[[str, str], str] = lambda x, _: x  # identity by default
+
+
+def github_config_file_transform(content: str, git_ref: str) -> str:
+    # one of the the github configs only builds on main, so we need to remove that restriction
+    # so our example build will run on the test branch.
+    #
+    # replace:
+    # """
+    # push:
+    #   branches:
+    #     - main
+    # """
+    # with:
+    # """
+    # push:
+    # """"
+    content = re.sub(
+        r"push:\n\s+branches:\n\s+- main",
+        "push:",
+        content,
+    )
+
+    # use the version of cibuildwheel from the current commit, not the latest
+    # release
+    # replace:
+    # """
+    # uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.1
+    # """
+    # with:
+    # """
+    # uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@<latest commit hash>
+    # """
+    content = re.sub(
+        r"uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v.*",
+        f"uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@{git_ref}",
+        content,
+    )
+    return content


 services = [
@@ -54,7 +108,8 @@ services = [
    CIService(
        name="github",
        dst_config_path=".github/workflows/example.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Build](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/workflows/Build/badge.svg?branch={branch})](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions)",
+        badge_md="[![Build](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions/workflows/example.yml/badge.svg?branch={branch})](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions?query=branch%3A{branch})",
+        config_file_transform=github_config_file_transform,
    ),
    CIService(
        name="travis-ci",
@@ -66,11 +121,6 @@ services = [
        dst_config_path=".gitlab-ci.yml",
        badge_md="[![Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/badges/{branch}/pipeline.svg)](https://gitlab.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/-/commits/{branch})",
    ),
-    CIService(
-        name="cirrus-ci",
-        dst_config_path=".cirrus.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Cirrus CI](https://api.cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel.svg?branch={branch})](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel/{branch})",
-    ),
 ]


@@ -85,18 +135,23 @@ def ci_service_for_config_file(config_file: Path) -> CIService:

@click.command()
@click.argument("config_files", nargs=-1, type=click.Path())
-def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
+@click.option("--build-backend", type=click.Choice(["setuptools", "meson"]), default="setuptools")
+def run_example_ci_configs(
+    config_files: list[str], build_backend: BuildBackend = "setuptools"
+) -> None:
    """
    Test the example configs. If no files are specified, will test
    examples/*-minimal.yml
    """

    if len(config_files) == 0:
-        config_files = Path("examples").glob("*-minimal.yml")
+        config_file_paths = list(Path("examples").glob("*-minimal.yml"))
+    else:
+        config_file_paths = [Path(f) for f in config_files]

    # check each CI service has at most 1 config file
    configs_by_service = set()
-    for config_file in config_files:
+    for config_file in config_file_paths:
        service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
        if service.name in configs_by_service:
            msg = "You cannot specify more than one config per CI service"
@@ -110,6 +165,9 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
    previous_branch = shell(
        "git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD", check=True, capture_output=True, encoding="utf8"
    ).stdout.strip()
+    git_ref = shell(
+        "git rev-parse HEAD", check=True, capture_output=True, encoding="utf8"
+    ).stdout.strip()

    timestamp = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H-%M-%S", time.gmtime())
    branch_name = f"example-config-test---{previous_branch}-{timestamp}"
@@ -118,19 +176,22 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
        shell(f"git checkout --orphan {branch_name}", check=True)

        example_project = Path("example_root")
-        generate_basic_project(example_project)
+        generate_project(example_project, build_backend=build_backend)

-        for config_file in config_files:
+        for config_file in config_file_paths:
            service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
            dst_config_file = example_project / service.dst_config_path

            dst_config_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            shutil.copyfile(config_file, dst_config_file)
+
+            contents = config_file.read_text(encoding="utf8")
+            contents = service.config_file_transform(contents, git_ref)
+            dst_config_file.write_text(contents, encoding="utf8")

        subprocess.run(["git", "add", example_project], check=True)
        message = textwrap.dedent(
            f"""\
-            Test example minimal configs
+            Test example CI configs

            Testing files: {[str(f) for f in config_files]}
            Generated from branch: {previous_branch}
@@ -148,14 +209,14 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
        print("> ")
        print("> | Service | Config | Status |")
        print("> |---|---|---|")
-        for config_file in config_files:
+        for config_file in config_file_paths:
            service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
            badge = service.badge_md.format(
                branch=branch_name, branch_escaped=quote(branch_name, safe="")
            )
            print(f"> | {service.name} | `{config_file}` | {badge} |")
        print("> ")
-        print("> Generated by `bin/run_example_ci_config.py`")
+        print(f"> Generated by `{' '.join(sys.argv)}`")
        print()
        print("---")
    finally:
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script


 import argparse
-import functools
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -14,10 +13,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
    else:
        default_cpu_count = os.process_cpu_count() or 2

-    make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-        make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-    parser = make_parser()
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(allow_abbrev=False)
    parser.add_argument(
        "--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests (linux only)"
    )
@@ -27,26 +23,66 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
        default=default_cpu_count,
        help="number of processes to use for testing",
    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--test-select",
+        choices={"all", "native", "android", "ios", "pyodide"},
+        default="all",
+        help="Either 'native' or 'android'/'ios'/'pyodide'",
+    )
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # move cwd to the project root
    os.chdir(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1])

+    # doc tests
+    doc_test_args = [sys.executable, "-m", "pytest", "cibuildwheel"]
+
+    print(
+        "\n\n================================== DOC TESTS ==================================",
+        flush=True,
+    )
+    result = subprocess.run(doc_test_args, check=False)
+    if result.returncode not in (0, 5):
+        # Allow case where no doctests are collected (returncode 5) because
+        # circleci sets an explicit "-k" filter that disables doctests. There
+        # isn't a pattern that will only select doctests. This can be removed
+        # and have check=True if the circleci PYTEST_ADDOPTS is removed.
+        raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(
+            result.returncode, result.args, output=result.stdout, stderr=result.stderr
+        )
+
    # unit tests
+    print(
+        "\n\n================================== UNIT TESTS ==================================",
+        flush=True,
+    )
    unit_test_args = [sys.executable, "-m", "pytest", "unit_test"]

-    if sys.platform.startswith("linux") and os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "linux") == "linux":
+    if (
+        sys.platform.startswith("linux")
+        and os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "linux") == "linux"
+        and args.test_select in ["all", "native"]
+    ):
        # run the docker unit tests only on Linux
        unit_test_args += ["--run-docker"]

        if args.run_podman:
            unit_test_args += ["--run-podman"]

+    subprocess.run(unit_test_args, check=True)
+
    print(
-        "\n\n================================== UNIT TESTS ==================================",
+        "\n\n=========================== SERIAL INTEGRATION TESTS ===========================",
        flush=True,
    )
-    subprocess.run(unit_test_args, check=True)
+
+    match args.test_select:
+        case "all":
+            marks = []
+        case "native":
+            marks = ["not pyodide", "not android", "not ios"]
+        case mark:
+            marks = [f"{mark}"]

    # Run the serial integration tests without multiple processes
    serial_integration_test_args = [
@@ -54,7 +90,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
        "-m",
        "pytest",
        "-m",
-        "serial",
+        f"{' and '.join(['serial', *marks])}",
        "-x",
        "--durations",
        "0",
@@ -62,19 +98,19 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
        "test",
        "-vv",
    ]
-    print(
-        "\n\n=========================== SERIAL INTEGRATION TESTS ===========================",
-        flush=True,
-    )
+
    subprocess.run(serial_integration_test_args, check=True)

-    # Non-serial integration tests
+    print(
+        "\n\n========================= NON-SERIAL INTEGRATION TESTS =========================",
+        flush=True,
+    )
    integration_test_args = [
        sys.executable,
        "-m",
        "pytest",
        "-m",
-        "not serial",
+        f"{' and '.join(['not serial', *marks])}",
        f"--numprocesses={args.num_processes}",
        "-x",
        "--durations",
@@ -87,8 +123,4 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
    if sys.platform.startswith("linux") and args.run_podman:
        integration_test_args += ["--run-podman"]

-    print(
-        "\n\n========================= NON-SERIAL INTEGRATION TESTS =========================",
-        flush=True,
-    )
    subprocess.run(integration_test_args, check=True)
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script


 import argparse
-import functools
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -13,10 +12,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
    # move cwd to the project root
    os.chdir(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1])

-    make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-        make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-    parser = make_parser(description="Runs a sample build")
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Runs a sample build", allow_abbrev=False)
    parser.add_argument("project_python_path", nargs="?", default="test.test_0_basic.basic_project")

    options = parser.parse_args()
@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "packaging",
+#   "requests",
+# ]
+# ///

 import configparser
 import dataclasses
@@ -71,6 +78,8 @@ images = [
            "pypy_aarch64",
        ],
    ),
+    # manylinux_2_35 images
+    PyPAImage("manylinux_2_35", ["armv7l"]),
    # manylinux_2_39 images
    PyPAImage("manylinux_2_39", ["riscv64"]),
    # musllinux_1_2 images
@@ -1,49 +1,60 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script

+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "playwright",
+# ]
+# ///

 import subprocess
 import sys
+import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path

-try:
-    from html2image import Html2Image  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
-except ImportError:
-    sys.exit(
-        """
-        html2image not found. Ensure you have Chrome (on Mac/Windows) or
-        Chromium (on Linux) installed, and then do:
-            pip install html2image
-        """
-    )
+from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+
+CSS = """
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Lato&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
+    <style>
+        html, body {
+          font-family: Lato, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
+          font-weight: 400;
+          font-size: 16px;
+          color: #404040;
+          background: white;
+          margin: 0;
+          padding: 0;
+        }
+        * {
+          box-sizing: border-box;
+        }
+    </style>
+"""


 def main() -> None:
-    subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build"], check=True)
+    subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-m", "playwright", "install", "chromium"], check=True)

-    hti = Html2Image(custom_flags=["--force-device-scale-factor=2"])
+    html_str = Path("docs/diagram.html").read_text()
+    html_str = f"<html><head>{CSS}</head><body>{html_str}</body></html>"

-    html_str = Path("docs/diagram.md").read_text()
-    css_tags = f"""
-        <style>{Path("site/css/theme.css").read_text()}</style>
-        <style>{Path("site/css/theme_extra.css").read_text()}</style>
-        <style>{Path("site/extra.css").read_text()}</style>
-        <style>
-            body {{
-                background: white;
-            }}
-        </style>
-    """
-    html_str = css_tags + html_str
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir_str:
+        html_path = Path(tmp_dir_str) / "diagram_screenshot.html"
+        html_path.write_text(html_str)

-    [screenshot, *_] = hti.screenshot(
-        html_str=html_str,
-        size=(830, 405),
-    )
+        dest_path = Path("docs/data/how-it-works.png")

-    dest_path = Path("docs/data/how-it-works.png")
-    dest_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        with sync_playwright() as p:
+            browser = p.chromium.launch()
+            page = browser.new_page(device_scale_factor=2, viewport={"width": 830, "height": 600})
+            page.goto(html_path.as_uri())
+            page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")

-    Path(screenshot).rename(dest_path)
+            height = page.evaluate("document.body.scrollHeight")
+            page.set_viewport_size({"width": 830, "height": height})
+
+            page.screenshot(path=str(dest_path), full_page=True)
+            browser.close()


 if __name__ == "__main__":
@@ -1,4 +1,13 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+#   "packaging",
+#   "requests",
+#   "rich",
+# ]
+# ///


 import dataclasses
@@ -1,4 +1,13 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "cibuildwheel",
+# ]
+#
+# [tool.uv.sources]
+# cibuildwheel = { path = ".." }
+# ///

 import json

@@ -1,7 +1,19 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+#   "packaging",
+#   "requests",
+#   "rich",
+#   "cibuildwheel",
+# ]
+#
+# [tool.uv.sources]
+# cibuildwheel = { path = ".." }
+# ///


-import copy
 import difflib
 import logging
 import operator
@@ -34,47 +46,20 @@ RESOURCES_DIR: Final[Path] = DIR / "cibuildwheel/resources"
 ArchStr = Literal["32", "64", "ARM64"]


-class ConfigWinCP(TypedDict):
+class Config(TypedDict):
    identifier: str
    version: str
-    arch: str


-class ConfigWinPP(TypedDict):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
-    arch: str
+class ConfigUrl(Config):
    url: str


-class ConfigWinGP(TypedDict):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
-    url: str
-
-
-class ConfigApple(TypedDict):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
-    url: str
-
-
-class ConfigAndroid(TypedDict):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
-    url: str
-
-
-class ConfigPyodide(TypedDict):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
+class ConfigPyodide(Config):
    default_pyodide_version: str
    node_version: str


-AnyConfig = ConfigWinCP | ConfigWinPP | ConfigWinGP | ConfigApple | ConfigAndroid | ConfigPyodide
-
-
 # The following set of "Versions" classes allow the initial call to the APIs to
 # be cached and reused in the `update_version_*` methods.

@@ -106,7 +91,7 @@ class WindowsVersions:

        self.version_dict = {Version(v): v for v in cp_info["versions"]}

-    def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigWinCP | None:
+    def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> Config | None:
        # Specifier.filter selects all non pre-releases that match the spec,
        # unless there are only pre-releases, then it selects pre-releases
        # instead (like pip)
@@ -121,10 +106,9 @@ class WindowsVersions:
        flags = "t" if self.free_threaded else ""
        version = versions[0]
        identifier = f"cp{version.major}{version.minor}{flags}-{self.arch}"
-        return ConfigWinCP(
+        return Config(
            identifier=identifier,
            version=self.version_dict[version],
-            arch=self.arch_str,
        )


@@ -146,7 +130,7 @@ class GraalPyVersions:

        self.releases = [r for r in releases if "graalpy_version" in r and "python_version" in r]

-    def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> AnyConfig:
+    def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl | None:
        if "x86_64" in identifier or "amd64" in identifier:
            arch = "x86_64"
        elif "arm64" in identifier or "aarch64" in identifier:
@@ -155,12 +139,14 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
            msg = f"{identifier} not supported yet on GraalPy"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

-        gpspec_str = identifier.split("-")[0].split("_")[1]
-        gpspec = Specifier("==24.2.*") if gpspec_str == "242" else Specifier(f"=={gpspec_str}.*")
+        gpspec_str = identifier.split("-", maxsplit=1)[0].split("_")[1]
+        if "." not in gpspec_str and len(gpspec_str) == 3:
+            gpspec_str = gpspec_str[:2] + "." + gpspec_str[-1]
+        gpspec = Specifier(f"=={gpspec_str}.*")

-        releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
-        releases = [r for r in self.releases if gpspec.contains(r["graalpy_version"])]
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["graalpy_version"])
+        releases_tmp = (r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"]))
+        releases_tmp = (r for r in releases_tmp if gpspec.contains(r["graalpy_version"]))
+        releases = sorted(releases_tmp, key=lambda r: r["graalpy_version"])

        if not releases:
            msg = f"GraalPy {arch} not found for {spec}!"
@@ -172,11 +158,9 @@ class GraalPyVersions:

        if "macosx" in identifier:
            arch = "x86_64" if "x86_64" in identifier else "arm64"
-            config = ConfigApple
            platform = "macos"
        elif "win" in identifier:
            arch = "aarch64" if "arm64" in identifier else "x86_64"
-            config = ConfigWinGP
            platform = "windows"
        else:
            msg = "GraalPy provides downloads for macOS and Windows and is included for manylinux"
@@ -184,18 +168,20 @@ class GraalPyVersions:

        arch = "amd64" if arch == "x86_64" else "aarch64"
        ext = "zip" if "win" in identifier else "tar.gz"
-        (url,) = (
+        urls = [
            rf["browser_download_url"]
            for rf in release["assets"]
            if rf["name"].endswith(f"{platform}-{arch}.{ext}")
            and rf["name"].startswith(f"graalpy-{gpversion.major}")
-        )
-
-        return config(
-            identifier=identifier,
-            version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
-            url=url,
-        )
+        ]
+        if urls:
+            (url,) = urls
+            return ConfigUrl(
+                identifier=identifier,
+                version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
+                url=url,
+            )
+        return None


 class PyPyVersions:
@@ -223,7 +209,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:
        ]
        return urls[0] if urls else ""

-    def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigWinCP:
+    def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl:
        releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
        releases = sorted(releases, key=operator.itemgetter("pypy_version"))
        releases = [r for r in releases if self.get_arch_file(r)]
@@ -239,14 +225,13 @@ class PyPyVersions:
        identifier = f"pp{version.major}{version.minor}-{version_arch}"
        url = self.get_arch_file(release)

-        return ConfigWinPP(
+        return ConfigUrl(
            identifier=identifier,
            version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
-            arch=self.arch,
            url=url,
        )

-    def update_version_macos(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigApple:
+    def update_version_macos(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl:
        if self.arch not in {"64", "ARM64"}:
            msg = f"'{self.arch}' arch not supported yet on macOS"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)
@@ -270,7 +255,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:
            if "" in rf["platform"] == "darwin" and rf["arch"] == arch
        )

-        return ConfigApple(
+        return ConfigUrl(
            identifier=identifier,
            version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
            url=url,
@@ -294,32 +279,25 @@ class CPythonVersions:

            # Removing the prefix
            version = Version(release["name"].removeprefix("Python "))
+            self.versions_dict[version] = release["resource_uri"]

-            uri = int(release["resource_uri"].rstrip("/").split("/")[-1])
-            self.versions_dict[version] = uri
+        files_response = requests.get("https://www.python.org/api/v2/downloads/release_file/")
+        files_response.raise_for_status()
+        self.files_info = files_response.json()

-    def update_version_macos(
-        self, identifier: str, version: Version, spec: Specifier
-    ) -> ConfigApple | None:
+    def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier, file_ident: str) -> ConfigUrl | None:
        # see note above on Specifier.filter
        unsorted_versions = spec.filter(self.versions_dict)
        sorted_versions = sorted(unsorted_versions, reverse=True)

-        macver = "x10.9" if version <= Version("3.8.9999") else "11"
-        file_ident = f"macos{macver}.pkg"
-
        for new_version in sorted_versions:
            # Find the first patch version that contains the requested file
            uri = self.versions_dict[new_version]
-            response = requests.get(
-                f"https://www.python.org/api/v2/downloads/release_file/?release={uri}"
-            )
-            response.raise_for_status()
-            file_info = response.json()
+            files = [rf for rf in self.files_info if rf["release"] == uri]

-            urls = [rf["url"] for rf in file_info if file_ident in rf["url"]]
+            urls = [rf["url"] for rf in files if file_ident in rf["url"]]
            if urls:
-                return ConfigApple(
+                return ConfigUrl(
                    identifier=identifier,
                    version=f"{new_version.major}.{new_version.minor}",
                    url=urls[0],
@@ -327,9 +305,17 @@ class CPythonVersions:

        return None

+    def update_version_macos(
+        self, identifier: str, version: Version, spec: Specifier
+    ) -> ConfigUrl | None:
+        macver = "x10.9" if version <= Version("3.8.9999") else "11"
+        return self.update_version(identifier, spec, f"macos{macver}.pkg")

-class AndroidVersions:
-    # This should be replaced with official python.org downloads once they're available.
+    def update_version_android(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl | None:
+        return self.update_version(identifier, spec, android_triplet(identifier))
+
+
+class MavenVersions:
    MAVEN_URL = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python"

    def __init__(self) -> None:
@@ -343,18 +329,16 @@ class AndroidVersions:
            assert isinstance(version_str, str), version_str
            self.versions.append(Version(version_str))

-    def update_version_android(
-        self, identifier: str, version: Version, spec: Specifier
-    ) -> ConfigAndroid | None:
+    def update_version_android(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl | None:
        sorted_versions = sorted(spec.filter(self.versions), reverse=True)

        # Return a config using the highest version for the given specifier.
        if sorted_versions:
            max_version = sorted_versions[0]
            triplet = android_triplet(identifier)
-            return ConfigAndroid(
+            return ConfigUrl(
                identifier=identifier,
-                version=str(version),
+                version=f"{max_version.major}.{max_version.minor}",
                url=f"{self.MAVEN_URL}/{max_version}/python-{max_version}-{triplet}.tar.gz",
            )
        else:
@@ -390,11 +374,11 @@ class CPythonIOSVersions:
                if filename.endswith("-iOS-support"):
                    self.versions_dict[version][int(build[1:])] = asset["browser_download_url"]

-    def update_version_ios(self, identifier: str, version: Version) -> ConfigApple | None:
+    def update_version_ios(self, identifier: str, version: Version) -> ConfigUrl | None:
        # Return a config using the highest build number for the given version.
        urls = [url for _, url in sorted(self.versions_dict.get(version, {}).items())]
        if urls:
-            return ConfigApple(
+            return ConfigUrl(
                identifier=identifier,
                version=str(version),
                url=urls[-1],
@@ -450,11 +434,11 @@ class AllVersions:
        self.windows_t_arm64 = WindowsVersions("ARM64", True)
        self.windows_pypy_64 = PyPyVersions("64")

-        self.macos_cpython = CPythonVersions()
+        self.cpython = CPythonVersions()
        self.macos_pypy = PyPyVersions("64")
        self.macos_pypy_arm64 = PyPyVersions("ARM64")

-        self.android = AndroidVersions()
+        self.maven = MavenVersions()
        self.ios_cpython = CPythonIOSVersions()

        self.graalpy = GraalPyVersions()
@@ -466,19 +450,20 @@ class AllVersions:
        version = Version(config["version"])
        spec = Specifier(f"=={version.major}.{version.minor}.*")
        log.info("Reading in %r -> %s @ %s", str(identifier), spec, version)
-        orig_config = copy.copy(config)
-        config_update: AnyConfig | None = None
+        config_update: Config | None = None

        # We need to use ** in update due to MyPy (probably a bug)
        if "macosx" in identifier:
            if identifier.startswith("cp"):
-                config_update = self.macos_cpython.update_version_macos(identifier, version, spec)
+                config_update = self.cpython.update_version_macos(identifier, version, spec)
            elif identifier.startswith("pp"):
                if "macosx_x86_64" in identifier:
                    config_update = self.macos_pypy.update_version_macos(spec)
                elif "macosx_arm64" in identifier:
                    config_update = self.macos_pypy_arm64.update_version_macos(spec)
            elif identifier.startswith("gp"):
+                if "macosx_x86_64" in identifier:
+                    return
                config_update = self.graalpy.update_version(identifier, spec)
        elif "t-win32" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
            config_update = self.windows_t_32.update_version_windows(spec)
@@ -498,7 +483,10 @@ class AllVersions:
        elif "win_arm64" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
            config_update = self.windows_arm64.update_version_windows(spec)
        elif "android" in identifier:
-            config_update = self.android.update_version_android(identifier, version, spec)
+            # Python 3.13 is released by Chaquopy on Maven Central.
+            # Python 3.14 and newer have official releases on python.org.
+            versions = self.maven if identifier.startswith("cp313") else self.cpython
+            config_update = versions.update_version_android(identifier, spec)
        elif "ios" in identifier:
            config_update = self.ios_cpython.update_version_ios(identifier, version)
        elif "pyodide" in identifier:
@@ -507,10 +495,10 @@ class AllVersions:
            )

        assert config_update is not None, f"{identifier} not found!"
-        config.update(**config_update)
-
-        if config != orig_config:
-            log.info("  Updated %s to %s", orig_config, config)
+        if config_update != config:
+            log.info("  Updated %s to %s", config, config_update)
+            config.clear()
+            config.update(**config_update)


@click.command()
@@ -1,20 +1,33 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+#   "packaging",
+#   "rich",
+#   "cibuildwheel",
+# ]
+#
+# [tool.uv.sources]
+# cibuildwheel = { path = ".." }
+# ///


 import dataclasses
 import difflib
 import logging
-import subprocess
 import tomllib
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final

 import click
 import rich
-from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
+from packaging.version import Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax

+from cibuildwheel.extra import github_api_request
+
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")

 # Looking up the dir instead of using utils.resources_dir
@@ -30,32 +43,26 @@ GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE: Final[str] = (

@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
 class VersionTuple:
+    name: str
+    download_url: str
    version: Version
-    version_string: str


-def git_ls_remote_versions(url: str) -> list[VersionTuple]:
-    versions: list[VersionTuple] = []
-    tags = subprocess.run(
-        ["git", "ls-remote", "--tags", url], check=True, text=True, capture_output=True
-    ).stdout.splitlines()
-    for tag in tags:
-        _, ref = tag.split()
-        assert ref.startswith("refs/tags/")
-        version_string = ref[10:]
-        try:
-            version = Version(version_string)
-            if version.is_devrelease:
-                log.info("Ignoring development release %r", str(version))
-                continue
-            if version.is_prerelease:
-                log.info("Ignoring pre-release %r", str(version))
-                continue
-            versions.append(VersionTuple(version, version_string))
-        except InvalidVersion:
-            log.warning("Ignoring ref %r", ref)
-    versions.sort(reverse=True)
-    return versions
+def get_latest_virtualenv_release() -> VersionTuple:
+    response = github_api_request("repos/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/latest")
+    tag_name = response["tag_name"]
+
+    asset = next(
+        (asset for asset in response["assets"] if asset["name"] == "virtualenv.pyz"),
+        None,
+    )
+    if not asset:
+        msg = "No asset named 'virtualenv.pyz' found in the latest release of get-virtualenv."
+        raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+    return VersionTuple(
+        version=Version(tag_name), name=tag_name, download_url=asset["browser_download_url"]
+    )


@click.command()
@@ -78,14 +85,20 @@ def update_virtualenv(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
    with toml_file_path.open("rb") as f:
        configurations = tomllib.load(f)
    default = configurations.pop("default")
-    version = str(default["version"])
-    versions = git_ls_remote_versions(GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB)
-    if versions[0].version > Version(version):
-        version = versions[0].version_string
+    local_version = str(default["version"])
+
+    latest_release = get_latest_virtualenv_release()
+
+    if latest_release.version > Version(local_version):
+        version = latest_release.name
+        url = latest_release.download_url
+    else:
+        version = local_version
+        url = default["url"]

    configurations["default"] = {
        "version": version,
-        "url": GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE.format(version=version),
+        "url": url,
    }
    result_toml = "".join(
        f'{key} = {{ version = "{value["version"]}", url = "{value["url"]}" }}\n'
@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "3.1.3"
+__version__ = "3.4.1"
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from tempfile import mkdtemp
 from typing import Any, Literal, TextIO

 import cibuildwheel
-import cibuildwheel.util
 from cibuildwheel import errors
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, allowed_architectures_check
 from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments, Options, compute_options
 from cibuildwheel.platforms import ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES, get_build_identifiers, native_platform
 from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, selector_matches
 from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
-from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, ensure_cache_sentinel
 from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import strtobool
 from cibuildwheel.util.resources import read_all_configs

@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ class Unbuffered:
        self.stream.writelines(data)
        self.stream.flush()

-    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:  # noqa: ANN401
        return getattr(self.stream, attr)


@@ -79,17 +78,20 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
    `main_inner` is the same as `main`, but it raises FatalError exceptions
    rather than exiting directly.
    """
-
-    make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
+    # Default in 3.15+, only needed on 3.14
    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-        make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-    parser = make_parser(
+        arg_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, suggest_on_error=True)
+    else:
+        arg_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser
+
+    parser = arg_parser(
        description="Build wheels for all the platforms.",
        epilog="""
            Most options are supplied via environment variables or in
            --config-file (pyproject.toml usually). See
            https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel#options for info.
        """,
+        allow_abbrev=False,
    )

    parser.add_argument(
@@ -182,6 +184,12 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
        help="Print the build identifiers matched by the current invocation and exit.",
    )

+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--clean-cache",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Clear the cibuildwheel cache and exit.",
+    )
+
    parser.add_argument(
        "--allow-empty",
        action="store_true",
@@ -199,6 +207,48 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:

    global_options.print_traceback_on_error = args.debug_traceback

+    if args.clean_cache:
+        if not CIBW_CACHE_PATH.exists():
+            print(f"Cache directory does not exist: {CIBW_CACHE_PATH}")
+            sys.exit(0)
+
+        sentinel_file = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "CACHEDIR.TAG"
+        if not sentinel_file.exists():
+            print(
+                f"Error: {CIBW_CACHE_PATH} does not appear to be a cibuildwheel cache directory.",
+                "Only directories with a CACHEDIR.TAG sentinel file can be cleaned.",
+                sep="\n",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        # Verify signature to ensure it's a proper cache dir
+        # See https://bford.info/cachedir/ for more
+        try:
+            sentinel_content = sentinel_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        except OSError as e:
+            print(f"Error reading cache directory tag: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        if not sentinel_content.startswith("Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55"):
+            print(
+                f"Error: {sentinel_file} does not contain a valid cache directory signature.",
+                "For safety, only properly signed cache directories can be cleaned.",
+                sep="\n",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        print(f"Clearing cache directory: {CIBW_CACHE_PATH}")
+        try:
+            shutil.rmtree(CIBW_CACHE_PATH)
+            print("Cache cleared successfully.")
+        except OSError as e:
+            print(f"Error clearing cache: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        sys.exit(0)
+
    args.package_dir = args.package_dir.resolve()

    # This are always relative to the base directory, even in SDist builds
@@ -269,7 +319,7 @@ def _compute_platform(args: CommandLineArguments) -> PlatformName:
    if args.only:
        return _compute_platform_only(args.only)
    elif platform_option_value != "auto":
-        return typing.cast(PlatformName, platform_option_value)
+        return typing.cast("PlatformName", platform_option_value)

    return native_platform()

@@ -312,6 +362,7 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:

    # create the cache dir before it gets printed & builds performed
    CIBW_CACHE_PATH.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    ensure_cache_sentinel(CIBW_CACHE_PATH)

    print_preamble(platform=platform, options=options, identifiers=identifiers)

@@ -380,17 +431,17 @@ def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: Sequence[str])
        msg = "\n".join(error_list)
        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)

+    n = len(identifiers)
+    print(f"{n} build{'s' if n != 1 else ''} selected:")
+    print(", ".join(identifiers))
+    print()
    print("Here we go!\n")


 def detect_errors(*, options: Options, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
    # Check for deprecated CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT environment variable
    if "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT" in os.environ:
-        yield (
-            "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT environment variable is no longer supported. "
-            'Use tool.cibuildwheel.enable = ["cpython-freethreading"] in pyproject.toml '
-            "or set CIBW_ENABLE=cpython-freethreading instead."
-        )
+        yield "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT environment variable is no longer supported."

    # Deprecated {python} and {pip}
    for option_name in ["test_command", "before_build"]:
@@ -417,9 +468,9 @@ def detect_warnings(*, options: Options) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
    build_selector = options.globals.build_selector
    test_selector = options.globals.test_selector

-    if EnableGroup.CPythonExperimentalRiscV64 in build_selector.enable:
+    if EnableGroup.CPythonFreeThreading in build_selector.enable:
        yield (
-            "'cpython-experimental-riscv64' enable is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. "
+            "'cpython-freethreading' enable is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. "
            "It should be removed from tool.cibuildwheel.enable in pyproject.toml "
            "or CIBW_ENABLE environment variable."
        )
@@ -6,11 +6,10 @@ import sys
 import typing
 from collections.abc import Set
 from enum import StrEnum, auto
-from typing import Final, Literal
+from typing import Final, Literal, Self

 from cibuildwheel import errors
-
-from .typing import PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PlatformName

 PRETTY_NAMES: Final[dict[PlatformName, str]] = {
    "linux": "Linux",
@@ -83,34 +82,34 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
    arm64_iphonesimulator = auto()
    x86_64_iphonesimulator = auto()

-    @staticmethod
-    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_config(cls, config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Self]:
        result = set()
        for arch_str in re.split(r"[\s,]+", config):
            match arch_str:
                case "auto":
-                    result |= Architecture.auto_archs(platform=platform)
+                    result |= cls.auto_archs(platform=platform)
                case "native":
-                    if native_arch := Architecture.native_arch(platform=platform):
+                    if native_arch := cls.native_arch(platform=platform):
                        result.add(native_arch)
                case "all":
-                    result |= Architecture.all_archs(platform=platform)
+                    result |= cls.all_archs(platform=platform)
                case "auto64":
-                    result |= Architecture.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="64")
+                    result |= cls.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="64")
                case "auto32":
-                    result |= Architecture.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="32")
+                    result |= cls.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="32")
                case _:
                    try:
-                        result.add(Architecture(arch_str))
+                        result.add(cls(arch_str))
                    except ValueError as e:
                        msg = f"Invalid architecture '{arch_str}'"
                        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
        return result

-    @staticmethod
-    def native_arch(platform: PlatformName) -> "Architecture | None":
+    @classmethod
+    def native_arch(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> Self | None:
        native_machine = platform_module.machine()
-        native_architecture = Architecture(native_machine)
+        native_architecture = cls(native_machine)

        # Cross-platform support. Used for --print-build-identifiers or docker builds.
        host_platform: PlatformName = (
@@ -120,15 +119,15 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
        )

        if platform == "pyodide":
-            return Architecture.wasm32
+            return cls.wasm32
        elif platform == "ios":
            # Can only build for iOS on macOS. The "native" architecture is the
            # simulator for the macOS native platform.
            if host_platform == "macos":
-                if native_architecture == Architecture.x86_64:
-                    return Architecture.x86_64_iphonesimulator
+                if native_architecture == cls.x86_64:
+                    return cls.x86_64_iphonesimulator
                else:
-                    return Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator
+                    return cls.arm64_iphonesimulator
            else:
                return None

@@ -140,64 +139,64 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
                # can't build anything on this platform
                return None

-            native_architecture = Architecture(synonym)
+            native_architecture = cls(synonym)

        return native_architecture

-    @staticmethod
-    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
-        native_arch = Architecture.native_arch(platform)
+    @classmethod
+    def auto_archs(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Self]:
+        native_arch = cls.native_arch(platform)
        if native_arch is None:
            return set()  # can't build anything on this platform
        result = {native_arch}

        match platform:
-            case "windows" if Architecture.AMD64 in result:
-                result.add(Architecture.x86)
-            case "ios" if native_arch == Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator:
+            case "windows" if cls.AMD64 in result:
+                result.add(cls.x86)
+            case "ios" if native_arch == cls.arm64_iphonesimulator:
                # Also build the device wheel if we're on ARM64.
-                result.add(Architecture.arm64_iphoneos)
+                result.add(cls.arm64_iphoneos)

        return result

-    @staticmethod
-    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    @classmethod
+    def all_archs(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Self]:
        all_archs_map = {
            "linux": {
-                Architecture.x86_64,
-                Architecture.i686,
-                Architecture.aarch64,
-                Architecture.ppc64le,
-                Architecture.s390x,
-                Architecture.armv7l,
-                Architecture.riscv64,
+                cls.x86_64,
+                cls.i686,
+                cls.aarch64,
+                cls.ppc64le,
+                cls.s390x,
+                cls.armv7l,
+                cls.riscv64,
            },
-            "macos": {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64, Architecture.universal2},
-            "windows": {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64, Architecture.ARM64},
-            "pyodide": {Architecture.wasm32},
-            "android": {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64_v8a},
+            "macos": {cls.x86_64, cls.arm64, cls.universal2},
+            "windows": {cls.x86, cls.AMD64, cls.ARM64},
+            "pyodide": {cls.wasm32},
+            "android": {cls.x86_64, cls.arm64_v8a},
            "ios": {
-                Architecture.x86_64_iphonesimulator,
-                Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator,
-                Architecture.arm64_iphoneos,
+                cls.x86_64_iphonesimulator,
+                cls.arm64_iphonesimulator,
+                cls.arm64_iphoneos,
            },
        }
        return all_archs_map[platform]

-    @staticmethod
-    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    @classmethod
+    def bitness_archs(cls, platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> set[Self]:
        # This map maps 64-bit architectures to their 32-bit equivalents.
        archs_map = {
-            Architecture.x86_64: Architecture.i686,
-            Architecture.AMD64: Architecture.x86,
-            Architecture.aarch64: Architecture.armv7l,
+            cls.x86_64: cls.i686,
+            cls.AMD64: cls.x86,
+            cls.aarch64: cls.armv7l,
        }
-        native_arch = Architecture.native_arch(platform)
+        native_arch = cls.native_arch(platform)

        if native_arch is None:
            return set()  # can't build anything on this platform

-        if native_arch == Architecture.wasm32:
+        if native_arch == cls.wasm32:
            return {native_arch} if bitness == "32" else set()

        match bitness:
@@ -207,7 +206,7 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
                if native_arch in archs_map.values():
                    return {native_arch}
                elif native_arch in archs_map and platform in {"linux", "windows"}:
-                    if native_arch == Architecture.aarch64 and not _check_aarch32_el0():
+                    if native_arch == cls.aarch64 and not _check_aarch32_el0():
                        # If we're on aarch64, skip if we cannot build armv7l wheels.
                        return set()
                    return {archs_map[native_arch]}
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import os
 import re
 from enum import Enum

-from .util.helpers import strtobool
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import strtobool

 ANSI_CODE_REGEX = re.compile(r"(\033\[[0-9;]*m)")

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ class CIProvider(Enum):
    azure_pipelines = "azure_pipelines"
    github_actions = "github_actions"
    gitlab = "gitlab"
-    cirrus_ci = "cirrus_ci"

    # unofficial support
    appveyor = "appveyor"
@@ -35,8 +34,6 @@ def detect_ci_provider() -> CIProvider | None:
        return CIProvider.github_actions
    elif "GITLAB_CI" in os.environ:
        return CIProvider.gitlab
-    elif "CIRRUS_CI" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.cirrus_ci
    elif strtobool(os.environ.get("CI", "false")):
        return CIProvider.other
    else:
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from typing import Any, Protocol
 import bashlex
 import bashlex.errors

-from . import bashlex_eval
+from cibuildwheel import bashlex_eval


 class EnvironmentParseError(Exception):
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class ParsedEnvironment:
    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({[repr(a) for a in self.assignments]!r})"

-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> list[EnvironmentAssignment]:
        return self.assignments


@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def dump_python_configurations(

 def _json_request(request: urllib.request.Request, timeout: int = 30) -> dict[str, Any]:
    with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=timeout) as response:
-        return typing.cast(dict[str, Any], json.load(response))
+        return typing.cast("dict[str, Any]", json.load(response))


 def github_api_request(path: str, *, max_retries: int = 3) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def github_api_request(path: str, *, max_retries: int = 3) -> dict[str, Any]:
            # pylint: disable=E1101
            if (
                isinstance(e, urllib.error.HTTPError)
-                and (e.code == 403 or e.code == 429)
+                and (e.code in {403, 429})
                and e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-remaining") == "0"
            ):
                reset_time = int(e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-reset", 0))
@@ -98,4 +98,4 @@ def get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info() -> PyodideXBuildEnvInfo:
        "https://pyodide.github.io/pyodide/api/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json"
    )
    with urllib.request.urlopen(xbuildenv_info_url) as response:
-        return typing.cast(PyodideXBuildEnvInfo, json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8")))
+        return typing.cast("PyodideXBuildEnvInfo", json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8")))
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import typing
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from typing import Literal, Self, get_args

-from .logger import log
-from .util.helpers import parse_key_value_string
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import parse_key_value_string

-BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]"]
+BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]", "uv"]


@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class BuildFrontendConfig:
            msg = f"Unrecognised build frontend {name!r}, must be one of {names}"
            raise ValueError(msg)

-        name = typing.cast(BuildFrontendName, name)
+        name = typing.cast("BuildFrontendName", name)

        args = config_dict.get("args") or []
        return cls(name=name, args=args)
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ class BuildFrontendConfig:
            return {"name": self.name, "args": repr(self.args)}


-def _get_verbosity_flags(level: int, frontend: BuildFrontendName) -> list[str]:
+def _get_verbosity_flags(level: int, frontend: BuildFrontendName, *, py38: bool) -> list[str]:
    if level < 0:
-        if frontend == "pip":
-            return ["-" + -level * "q"]
-
-        msg = f"build_verbosity {level} is not supported for {frontend} frontend. Ignoring."
-        log.warning(msg)
+        if frontend.startswith("build") and py38:
+            msg = f"build_verbosity {level} is not supported for {frontend} frontend. Ignoring."
+            log.warning(msg)
+            return []
+        return ["-" + -level * "q"]

    if level > 0:
        if frontend == "pip":
@@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ def parse_config_settings(config_settings_str: str) -> dict[str, str | list[str]


 def get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig, verbosity_level: int, config_settings: str
+    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig, verbosity_level: int, config_settings: str, *, py38: bool
 ) -> list[str]:
    return [
        *_split_config_settings(config_settings),
        *build_frontend.args,
-        *_get_verbosity_flags(verbosity_level, build_frontend.name),
+        *_get_verbosity_flags(verbosity_level, build_frontend.name, py38=py38),
    ]
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, AnyStr, Final, Literal

 import humanize

-from .ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, filter_ansi_codes
+from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, filter_ansi_codes

 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from .options import Options
+    from cibuildwheel.options import Options

 FoldPattern = tuple[str, str]
 DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN: Final[FoldPattern] = ("{name}", "")
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import IO, Literal, Self, assert_never

-from .ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
-from .errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
-from .logger import log
-from .typing import PathOrStr
-from .util.cmd import call
-from .util.helpers import FlexibleVersion, parse_key_value_string, strtobool
+from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
+from cibuildwheel.errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import FlexibleVersion, parse_key_value_string, strtobool

 ContainerEngineName = Literal["docker", "podman"]

@@ -36,6 +36,28 @@ class OCIPlatform(Enum):
    RISCV64 = "linux/riscv64"
    S390X = "linux/s390x"

+    @classmethod
+    def native(cls) -> Self:
+        """Return the current OCI platform, or raise ValueError if unknown."""
+        arch = platform.machine().lower()
+        mapping = {
+            "i386": cls.i386,
+            "i686": cls.i386,
+            "x86_64": cls.AMD64,
+            "amd64": cls.AMD64,
+            "armv7l": cls.ARMV7,
+            "aarch64": cls.ARM64,
+            "arm64": cls.ARM64,
+            "ppc64le": cls.PPC64LE,
+            "riscv64": cls.RISCV64,
+            "s390x": cls.S390X,
+        }
+        try:
+            return mapping[arch]
+        except KeyError as ex:
+            msg = f"Unsupported platform architecture: {arch}"
+            raise OSError(msg) from ex
+

@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
@@ -56,7 +78,7 @@ class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
            msg = f"unknown container engine {name}"
            raise ValueError(msg)

-        name = typing.cast(ContainerEngineName, name)
+        name = typing.cast("ContainerEngineName", name)
        # some flexibility in the option names to cope with TOML conventions
        create_args = config_dict.get("create_args") or config_dict.get("create-args") or []
        disable_host_mount_options = (
@@ -94,11 +116,14 @@ DEFAULT_ENGINE = OCIContainerEngineConfig("docker")
 def _check_engine_version(engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig) -> None:
    try:
        version_string = call(engine.name, "version", "-f", "{{json .}}", capture_stdout=True)
-        version_info = json.loads(version_string.strip())
+        # We are using lowercase keys for all dicts so we are not affected by casing of keys
+        version_info = json.loads(
+            version_string.strip(), object_pairs_hook=lambda inp: {k.lower(): v for k, v in inp}
+        )
        match engine.name:
            case "docker":
-                client_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Client"]["ApiVersion"])
-                server_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Server"]["ApiVersion"])
+                client_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["client"]["apiversion"])
+                server_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["server"]["apiversion"])
                # --platform support was introduced in 1.32 as experimental, 1.41 removed the experimental flag
                version = min(client_api_version, server_api_version)
                minimum_version = FlexibleVersion("1.41")
@@ -113,9 +138,9 @@ def _check_engine_version(engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig) -> None:
                )
            case "podman":
                # podman uses the same version string for "Version" & "ApiVersion"
-                client_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Client"]["Version"])
-                if "Server" in version_info:
-                    server_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Server"]["Version"])
+                client_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["client"]["version"])
+                if "server" in version_info:
+                    server_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["server"]["version"])
                else:
                    server_version = client_version
                # --platform support was introduced in v3
@@ -152,11 +177,19 @@ class OCIContainer:
    back to cibuildwheel.

    Example:
+        >>> # xdoctest: +REQUIRES(LINUX)
        >>> from cibuildwheel.oci_container import *  # NOQA
        >>> from cibuildwheel.options import _get_pinned_container_images
+        >>> import pytest
+        >>> try:
+        ...     oci_platform = OCIPlatform.native()
+        ... except OSError as ex:
+        ...     pytest.skip(str(ex))
+        >>> if oci_platform != OCIPlatform.AMD64:
+        ...     pytest.skip('only runs on amd64')
        >>> image = _get_pinned_container_images()['x86_64']['manylinux2014']
        >>> # Test the default container
-        >>> with OCIContainer(image=image) as self:
+        >>> with OCIContainer(image=image, oci_platform=oci_platform) as self:
        ...     self.call(["echo", "hello world"])
        ...     self.call(["cat", "/proc/1/cgroup"])
        ...     print(self.get_environment())
@@ -485,7 +518,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
                capture_output=True,
            )
        )
-        return typing.cast(dict[str, str], env)
+        return typing.cast("dict[str, str]", env)

    def environment_executor(self, command: Sequence[str], environment: dict[str, str]) -> str:
        # used as an EnvironmentExecutor to evaluate commands and capture output
@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@ from typing import Any, Final, Literal, Self, assert_never

 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet

-from . import errors
-from .architecture import Architecture
-from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
-from .frontend import BuildFrontendConfig
-from .logger import log
-from .oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
-from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, resolve_dependency_groups
-from .selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, TestSelector, selector_matches
-from .typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
-from .util import resources
-from .util.helpers import format_safe, strtobool, unwrap
-from .util.packaging import DependencyConstraints
+from cibuildwheel import errors
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendConfig
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
+from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, resolve_dependency_groups
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, TestSelector, selector_matches
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import format_safe, parse_key_value_string, strtobool, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import DependencyConstraints

 MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
    "x86_64",
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ class CommandLineArguments:
    allow_empty: bool
    debug_traceback: bool
    enable: list[str]
+    clean_cache: bool

    @classmethod
    def defaults(cls) -> Self:
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ class CommandLineArguments:
            print_build_identifiers=False,
            debug_traceback=False,
            enable=[],
+            clean_cache=False,
        )


@@ -90,6 +92,20 @@ class GlobalOptions:
    allow_empty: bool


+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TestRuntimeConfig:
+    args: Sequence[str] = ()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self:
+        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, [], ["args"])
+        args = config_dict.get("args") or []
+        return cls(args=args)
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
+        return {"args": repr(self.args)}
+
+
@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class BuildOptions:
    globals: GlobalOptions
@@ -108,6 +124,7 @@ class BuildOptions:
    test_extras: str
    test_groups: list[str]
    test_environment: ParsedEnvironment
+    test_runtime: TestRuntimeConfig
    build_verbosity: int
    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig
    config_settings: str
@@ -391,6 +408,7 @@ class OptionsReader:
    by the platform.

    Example:
+      >>> # xdoctest: +SKIP
      >>> options_reader = OptionsReader(config_file, platform='macos')
      >>> options_reader.get('cool-color')

@@ -657,7 +675,9 @@ class Options:
        )
        requires_python = None if requires_python_str is None else SpecifierSet(requires_python_str)

-        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "))
+        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get(
+            "archs", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "), ignore_empty=True
+        )
        architectures = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=self.platform)

        # Process `--only`
@@ -666,6 +686,8 @@ class Options:
            skip_config = ""
            architectures = Architecture.all_archs(self.platform)
            enable |= EnableGroup.all_groups()
+            if args.only.startswith("cp313t-"):
+                enable.add(EnableGroup.CPythonFreeThreading)

        build_selector = BuildSelector(
            build_config=build_config,
@@ -756,6 +778,20 @@ class Options:
                msg = f"Malformed environment option {test_environment_config!r}"
                raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e

+            test_runtime_str = self.reader.get(
+                "test-runtime",
+                env_plat=False,
+                option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
+            )
+            if not test_runtime_str:
+                test_runtime = TestRuntimeConfig()
+            else:
+                try:
+                    test_runtime = TestRuntimeConfig.from_config_string(test_runtime_str)
+                except ValueError as e:
+                    msg = f"Failed to parse test runtime config. {e}"
+                    raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
+
            test_requires = self.reader.get(
                "test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
            ).split()
@@ -863,6 +899,7 @@ class Options:
                test_command=test_command,
                test_sources=test_sources,
                test_environment=test_environment,
+                test_runtime=test_runtime,
                test_requires=[*test_requires, *test_requirements_from_groups],
                test_extras=test_extras,
                test_groups=test_groups,
@@ -952,8 +989,8 @@ class Options:
    def option_summary(
        self,
        option_name: str,
-        option_value: Any,
-        default_value: Any,
+        option_value: Any,  # noqa: ANN401
+        default_value: Any,  # noqa: ANN401
        overrides: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
        skip_unset: bool = False,
    ) -> str | None:
@@ -1005,7 +1042,7 @@ class Options:
            return value

    @staticmethod
-    def option_summary_value(option_value: Any) -> str:
+    def option_summary_value(option_value: Any) -> str:  # noqa: ANN401
        if hasattr(option_value, "options_summary"):
            option_value = option_value.options_summary()

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import sys
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import re
 import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
-import sys
-from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
+import sysconfig
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, MutableMapping
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from os.path import relpath
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -22,26 +22,26 @@ from elftools.common.exceptions import ELFError
 from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
 from filelock import FileLock

-from .. import errors, platforms  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
-from ..architecture import Architecture, arch_synonym
-from ..frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags, parse_config_settings
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import BuildOptions, Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
-from ..util.python_build_standalone import create_python_build_standalone_environment
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
+from cibuildwheel import errors, platforms  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, arch_synonym
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags, parse_config_settings
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, Options
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
+from cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone import create_python_build_standalone_environment
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv

+RESOURCES_ANDROID = resources.PATH / "android"

-def android_triplet(identifier: str) -> str:
-    return {
-        "arm64_v8a": "aarch64-linux-android",
-        "x86_64": "x86_64-linux-android",
-    }[parse_identifier(identifier)[1]]
+ANDROID_TRIPLET = {
+    "arm64_v8a": "aarch64-linux-android",
+    "x86_64": "x86_64-linux-android",
+}


 def parse_identifier(identifier: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ def parse_identifier(identifier: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
    return (f"{major}.{minor}", arch)


+def android_triplet(identifier: str) -> str:
+    return ANDROID_TRIPLET[parse_identifier(identifier)[1]]
+
+
@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
    version: str
@@ -147,7 +151,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                built_wheel = build_wheel(state)
                repaired_wheel = repair_wheel(state, built_wheel)

-            test_wheel(state, repaired_wheel)
+            test_wheel(state, repaired_wheel, build_frontend=build_options.build_frontend.name)

            output_wheel: Path | None = None
            if compatible_wheel is None:
@@ -174,6 +178,11 @@ def setup_target_python(config: PythonConfiguration, build_path: Path) -> Path:
    python_dir = build_path / "python"
    python_dir.mkdir()
    shutil.unpack_archive(python_tgz, python_dir)
+
+    # Patch a testbed bug. This code and the patch file can both be removed once we've
+    # updated to Python versions that include the fix.
+    call("patch", "-p1", "-i", RESOURCES_ANDROID / "android.patch", cwd=python_dir)
+
    return python_dir


@@ -187,6 +196,13 @@ def setup_env(
    * android_env, which uses the environment while simulating running on Android.
    """
    log.step("Setting up build environment...")
+    build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend.name
+    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
+    uv_path = find_uv()
+    if use_uv and uv_path is None:
+        msg = "uv not found"
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+    pip = ["pip"] if not use_uv else [str(uv_path), "pip"]

    # Create virtual environment
    python_exe = create_python_build_standalone_environment(
@@ -197,33 +213,35 @@ def setup_env(
        version=config.version, tmp_dir=build_path
    )
    build_env = virtualenv(
-        config.version, python_exe, venv_dir, dependency_constraint, use_uv=False
+        config.version, python_exe, venv_dir, dependency_constraint, use_uv=use_uv
    )
    create_cmake_toolchain(config, build_path, python_dir, build_env)

    # Apply custom environment variables, and check environment is still valid
    build_env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(build_env)
    build_env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
-    for command in ["python", "pip"]:
-        which = call("which", command, env=build_env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-        if which != f"{venv_dir}/bin/{command}":
+    for command in ["python"] if use_uv else ["python", "pip"]:
+        command_path = call("which", command, env=build_env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
+        if command_path != f"{venv_dir}/bin/{command}":
            msg = (
                f"{command} available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you "
                f"have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry "
                f"or insert {command} above it."
            )
            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-        call(command, "--version", env=build_env)
+        if command == "python":
+            call(command, "-V", "-V", env=build_env)
+        else:
+            call(command, "--version", env=build_env)

    # Construct an altered environment which simulates running on Android.
    android_env = setup_android_env(config, python_dir, venv_dir, build_env)

    # Install build tools
-    build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
-    if build_frontend.name != "build":
-        msg = "Android requires the build frontend to be 'build'"
+    if build_frontend not in {"build", "build[uv]", "uv"}:
+        msg = "Android requires the build frontend to be 'build' or 'uv'"
        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("pip", "install", "build", *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint), env=build_env)
+    call(*pip, "install", "build", *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint), env=build_env)

    # Build-time requirements must be queried within android_env, because
    # `get_requires_for_build` can run arbitrary code in setup.py scripts, which may be
@@ -243,13 +261,13 @@ def setup_env(

    pb = ProjectBuilder.from_isolated_env(AndroidEnv(), build_options.package_dir)
    if pb.build_system_requires:
-        call("pip", "install", *pb.build_system_requires, env=build_env)
+        call(*pip, "install", *pb.build_system_requires, env=build_env)

    requires_for_build = pb.get_requires_for_build(
        "wheel", parse_config_settings(build_options.config_settings)
    )
    if requires_for_build:
-        call("pip", "install", *requires_for_build, env=build_env)
+        call(*pip, "install", *requires_for_build, env=build_env)

    return build_env, android_env

@@ -274,11 +292,15 @@ def create_cmake_toolchain(
                set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)

                # Tell CMake where to look for headers and libraries.
-                list(INSERT CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH 0 {python_dir}/prefix)
+                set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH "{python_dir}/prefix")
                set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
                set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
                set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
-                set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)
+                set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE BOTH)
+
+                # Allow CMake to run Python in the simulated Android environment when
+                # policy CMP0190 is active.
+                set(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING_EMULATOR /bin/sh -c [["$0" "$@"]])
                """
            ),
            file=toolchain_file,
@@ -338,7 +360,7 @@ def setup_android_env(
 ) -> dict[str, str]:
    site_packages = next(venv_dir.glob("lib/python*/site-packages"))
    for suffix in ["pth", "py"]:
-        shutil.copy(resources.PATH / f"_cross_venv.{suffix}", site_packages)
+        shutil.copy(RESOURCES_ANDROID / f"_cross_venv.{suffix}", site_packages)

    sysconfigdata_path = Path(
        shutil.copy(
@@ -378,6 +400,9 @@ def setup_android_env(
    for key in ["CFLAGS", "CXXFLAGS"]:
        android_env[key] += " " + opt

+    # Cargo target linker needs to be specified after CC is set
+    setup_rust(config, python_dir, android_env)
+
    # Format the environment so it can be pasted into a shell when debugging.
    for key, value in sorted(android_env.items()):
        if os.environ.get(key) != value:
@@ -386,6 +411,34 @@ def setup_android_env(
    return android_env


+def setup_rust(
+    config: PythonConfiguration,
+    python_dir: Path,
+    env: MutableMapping[str, str],
+) -> None:
+    cargo_target = android_triplet(config.identifier)
+
+    # CARGO_BUILD_TARGET is the variable used by Cargo and setuptools_rust
+    env["CARGO_BUILD_TARGET"] = cargo_target
+
+    # The linker needs to be specified after CC is set by android-env.sh
+    cargo_target_linker_env_name = f"CARGO_TARGET_{cargo_target.upper().replace('-', '_')}_LINKER"
+    # CC has already been set by calling android.py (it calls android-env.sh)
+    env[cargo_target_linker_env_name] = env["CC"]
+
+    # All Python extension modules must be explicitly linked against libpython3.x.so when building for Android.
+    # See: https://peps.python.org/pep-0738/#linkage
+    # For projects using PyO3, this requires setting PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR to the directory containing libpython3.x.so.
+    # See: https://pyo3.rs/v0.27.1/building-and-distribution.html#cross-compiling
+    env["PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR"] = str(python_dir / "prefix" / "lib")
+
+    venv_bin = Path(env["VIRTUAL_ENV"]) / "bin"
+    for tool in ["cargo", "rustup"]:
+        shim_path = venv_bin / tool
+        shutil.copy(RESOURCES_ANDROID / "rust_shim.py", shim_path)
+        shim_path.chmod(0o755)
+
+
 def before_build(state: BuildState) -> None:
    if state.options.before_build:
        log.step("Running before_build...")
@@ -399,22 +452,46 @@ def before_build(state: BuildState) -> None:
 def build_wheel(state: BuildState) -> Path:
    log.step("Building wheel...")
    built_wheel_dir = state.build_path / "built_wheel"
-    call(
-        "python",
-        "-m",
-        "build",
-        state.options.package_dir,
-        "--wheel",
-        "--no-isolation",
-        "--skip-dependency-check",
-        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-        *get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-            state.options.build_frontend,
-            state.options.build_verbosity,
-            state.options.config_settings,
-        ),
-        env=state.android_env,
-    )
+    match state.options.build_frontend.name:
+        case "build" | "build[uv]":
+            call(
+                "python",
+                "-m",
+                "build",
+                state.options.package_dir,
+                "--wheel",
+                "--no-isolation",
+                "--skip-dependency-check",
+                f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                *get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
+                    state.options.build_frontend,
+                    state.options.build_verbosity,
+                    state.options.config_settings,
+                    py38=False,
+                ),
+                env=state.android_env,
+            )
+        case "uv":
+            uv_path = find_uv()
+            assert uv_path is not None
+            call(
+                uv_path,
+                "build",
+                state.options.package_dir,
+                "--wheel",
+                "--no-build-isolation",
+                f"--out-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                *get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
+                    state.options.build_frontend,
+                    state.options.build_verbosity,
+                    state.options.config_settings,
+                    py38=False,
+                ),
+                env=state.android_env,
+            )
+        case x:
+            msg = f"Invalid build backend {x!r}"
+            raise AssertionError(msg)

    built_wheels = list(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
    if len(built_wheels) != 1:
@@ -435,7 +512,11 @@ def repair_wheel(state: BuildState, built_wheel: Path) -> Path:
    if state.options.repair_command:
        shell(
            prepare_command(
-                state.options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
+                state.options.repair_command,
+                wheel=built_wheel,
+                dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                package=state.options.package_dir,
+                project=".",
            ),
            env=state.build_env,
        )
@@ -508,17 +589,28 @@ def repair_default(
        new_soname = soname_with_hash(src_path)
        dst_path = libs_dir / new_soname
        shutil.copyfile(src_path, dst_path)
-        call("patchelf", "--set-soname", new_soname, dst_path)
+        call(which("patchelf"), "--set-soname", new_soname, dst_path)

        for path in paths_to_patch:
-            call("patchelf", "--replace-needed", old_soname, new_soname, path)
+            call(which("patchelf"), "--replace-needed", old_soname, new_soname, path)
            call(
-                "patchelf",
+                which("patchelf"),
                "--set-rpath",
                f"${{ORIGIN}}/{relpath(libs_dir, path.parent)}",
                path,
            )
-        call(sys.executable, "-m", "wheel", "pack", unpacked_dir, "-d", repaired_wheel_dir)
+        call(which("wheel"), "pack", unpacked_dir, "-d", repaired_wheel_dir)
+
+
+# If cibuildwheel was called without activating its environment, its scripts directory
+# will not be on the PATH.
+def which(cmd: str) -> str:
+    scripts_dir = sysconfig.get_path("scripts")
+    result = shutil.which(cmd, path=scripts_dir + os.pathsep + os.environ["PATH"])
+    if result is None:
+        msg = f"Couldn't find {cmd!r} in {scripts_dir} or on the PATH"
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+    return result


 def elf_file_filter(paths: Iterable[Path]) -> Iterator[tuple[Path, ELFFile]]:
@@ -544,12 +636,19 @@ def soname_with_hash(src_path: Path) -> str:
        return src_name


-def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path) -> None:
+def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path, *, build_frontend: str) -> None:
    test_command = state.options.test_command
    if not (test_command and state.options.test_selector(state.config.identifier)):
        return

    log.step("Testing wheel...")
+    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
+    uv_path = find_uv()
+    if use_uv and uv_path is None:
+        msg = "uv not found"
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+    pip = ["pip"] if not use_uv else [str(uv_path), "pip"]
+
    native_arch = arch_synonym(platform.machine(), platforms.native_platform(), "android")
    if state.config.arch != native_arch:
        log.warning(
@@ -565,20 +664,28 @@ def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path) -> None:
            env=state.build_env,
        )

+    platform_args = (
+        ["--python-platform", android_triplet(state.config.identifier)]
+        if use_uv
+        else [
+            "--platform",
+            sysconfig_print("get_platform()", state.android_env).replace("-", "_"),
+        ]
+    )
+
    # Install the wheel and test-requires.
    site_packages_dir = state.build_path / "site-packages"
    site_packages_dir.mkdir()
    call(
-        "pip",
+        *pip,
        "install",
        "--only-binary=:all:",
-        "--platform",
-        sysconfig_print("get_platform()", state.android_env).replace("-", "_"),
+        *platform_args,
        "--target",
        site_packages_dir,
        f"{wheel}{state.options.test_extras}",
        *state.options.test_requires,
-        env=state.build_env,
+        env=state.android_env,
    )

    # Copy test-sources.
@@ -592,7 +699,7 @@ def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path) -> None:
        )

    # Android doesn't support placeholders in the test command.
-    if any(("{" + placeholder + "}") in test_command for placeholder in ["project", "package"]):
+    if any(("{" + placeholder + "}") in test_command for placeholder in ("project", "package")):
        msg = (
            f"Test command {test_command!r} with a "
            "'{project}' or '{package}' placeholder is not supported on Android, "
@@ -602,9 +709,12 @@ def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path) -> None:

    # Parse test-command.
    test_args = shlex.split(test_command)
-    if test_args[:2] in [["python", "-c"], ["python", "-m"]]:
-        test_args[:3] = [test_args[1], test_args[2], "--"]
-    elif test_args[0] in ["pytest"]:
+    if test_args[0] in {"python", "python3"} and any(arg in test_args for arg in ("-c", "-m")):
+        # Forward the args to the CPython testbed script. We require '-c' or '-m'
+        # to be in the command, because without those flags, the testbed script
+        # will prepend '-m test', which will run Python's own test suite.
+        del test_args[0]
+    elif test_args[0] == "pytest":
        # We transform some commands into the `python -m` form, but this is deprecated.
        msg = (
            f"Test command {test_command!r} is not supported on Android. "
@@ -612,24 +722,36 @@ def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path) -> None:
            "If this works, all you need to do is add that to your test command."
        )
        log.warning(msg)
-        test_args[:1] = ["-m", test_args[0], "--"]
+        test_args.insert(0, "-m")
    else:
        msg = (
            f"Test command {test_command!r} is not supported on Android. "
-            f"Supported commands are 'python -m' and 'python -c'."
+            f"Command must begin with 'python' or 'python3', and contain '-m' or '-c'."
        )
        raise errors.FatalError(msg)

+    # By default, run on a testbed managed emulator running the newest supported
+    # Android version. However, if the user specifies a --managed or --connected
+    # test execution argument, that argument takes precedence.
+    test_runtime_args = state.options.test_runtime.args
+
+    if any(arg.startswith(("--managed", "--connected")) for arg in test_runtime_args):
+        emulator_args = []
+    else:
+        emulator_args = ["--managed", "maxVersion"]
+
    # Run the test app.
    call(
        state.python_dir / "android.py",
        "test",
-        "--managed",
-        "maxVersion",
        "--site-packages",
        site_packages_dir,
        "--cwd",
        cwd_dir,
+        *emulator_args,
+        *(["-v"] if state.options.build_verbosity > 0 else []),
+        *test_runtime_args,
+        "--",
        *test_args,
        env=state.build_env,
    )
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import dataclasses
 import os
+import platform
 import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
@@ -13,32 +12,20 @@ from typing import assert_never

 from filelock import FileLock

-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import (
-    BuildFrontendName,
-    get_build_frontend_extra_flags,
-)
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell, split_command
-from ..util.file import (
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-    copy_test_sources,
-    download,
-    move_file,
-)
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import (
-    combine_constraints,
-    find_compatible_wheel,
-    get_pip_version,
-)
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
-from .macos import install_cpython as install_build_cpython
+from cibuildwheel import errors
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.platforms.macos import install_cpython as install_build_cpython
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell, split_command
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv


@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
@@ -282,7 +269,8 @@ def setup_python(
    build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
    xbuild_tools: Sequence[str] | None,
 ) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
-    if build_frontend == "build[uv]":
+    # Not using set because mypy can't narrow it
+    if build_frontend == "build[uv]" or build_frontend == "uv":  # noqa: PLR1714
        msg = "uv doesn't support iOS"
        raise errors.FatalError(msg)

@@ -367,7 +355,7 @@ def setup_python(
            "entry or insert python above it."
        )
        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
+    call("python", "-V", "-V", env=env)

    # Check what pip version we're on
    assert (venv_bin_path / "pip").exists()
@@ -439,7 +427,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
            # uv doesn't support iOS
-            if build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
+            # Not using set because mypy can't narrow it
+            if build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" or build_frontend.name == "uv":  # noqa: PLR1714
                msg = "uv doesn't support iOS"
                raise errors.FatalError(msg)

@@ -448,6 +437,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
            identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
            identifier_tmp_dir.mkdir()
            built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
+            repaired_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "repaired_wheel"

            constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
                version=config.version, tmp_dir=identifier_tmp_dir
@@ -461,7 +451,6 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                build_frontend=build_frontend.name,
                xbuild_tools=build_options.xbuild_tools,
            )
-            pip_version = get_pip_version(env)

            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
            if compatible_wheel:
@@ -486,14 +475,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()

                extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                    build_frontend,
+                    build_options.build_verbosity,
+                    build_options.config_settings,
+                    py38=False,
                )

-                build_env = env.copy()
-                build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, None)
-
                match build_frontend.name:
                    case "pip":
                        # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to
@@ -508,7 +495,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                            f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
                            "--no-deps",
                            *extra_flags,
-                            env=build_env,
+                            env=env,
                        )
                    case "build":
                        call(
@@ -519,16 +506,41 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                            "--wheel",
                            f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
                            *extra_flags,
-                            env=build_env,
+                            env=env,
                        )
                    case _:
                        assert_never(build_frontend)

-                test_wheel = built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))

                if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                    raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()

+                repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
+                if build_options.repair_command:
+                    log.step("Repairing wheel...")
+
+                    repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
+                        build_options.repair_command,
+                        wheel=built_wheel,
+                        dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        project=".",
+                    )
+                    shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
+                else:
+                    shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
+
+                try:
+                    repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.RepairStepProducedNoWheelError() from None
+
+                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
+                    raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
+
+                test_wheel = repaired_wheel
+
                log.step_end()

            if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
@@ -537,9 +549,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                elif config.arch != os.uname().machine:
                    log.step("Skipping tests on non-native simulator architecture")
                else:
-                    test_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
-                        prev_environment=build_env
-                    )
+                    test_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)

                    if build_options.before_test:
                        before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -653,11 +663,35 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                                    )
                                    raise errors.FatalError(msg)

+                            test_runtime_args = build_options.test_runtime.args
+
+                            # 2025-10: The GitHub Actions macos-15 runner has a known issue where
+                            # the default simulator won't start due to a disk performance issue;
+                            # see https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/12777 for details.
+                            # In the meantime, if it looks like we're running on a GitHub Actions
+                            # macos-15 runner, use a simulator that is known to work, unless the
+                            # user explicitly specifies a simulator.
+                            os_version, _, arch = platform.mac_ver()
+                            if (
+                                "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ
+                                and os_version.startswith("15.")
+                                and arch == "arm64"
+                                and not any(
+                                    arg.startswith("--simulator") for arg in test_runtime_args
+                                )
+                            ):
+                                test_runtime_args = [
+                                    "--simulator",
+                                    "iPhone 16e,OS=18.5",
+                                    *test_runtime_args,
+                                ]
+
                            call(
                                "python",
                                testbed_path,
                                "run",
                                *(["--verbose"] if build_options.build_verbosity > 0 else []),
+                                *test_runtime_args,
                                "--",
                                *final_command,
                                env=test_env,
@@ -674,11 +708,11 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
            # We're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
            output_wheel: Path | None = None
            if compatible_wheel is None:
-                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(built_wheel.name)
-                moved_wheel = move_file(built_wheel, output_wheel)
+                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(repaired_wheel.name)
+                moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
                if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
                    log.warning(
-                        f"{built_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
+                        f"{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
                    )
                built_wheels.append(output_wheel)

@@ -6,20 +6,22 @@ import textwrap
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
-from typing import assert_never
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, assert_never

-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
-from ..oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
-from ..options import BuildOptions, Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.file import copy_test_sources
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
+from cibuildwheel import errors
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
+from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, Options
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import copy_test_sources
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr

 ARCHITECTURE_OCI_PLATFORM_MAP = {
    Architecture.x86_64: OCIPlatform.AMD64,
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ def build_in_container(
        local_identifier_tmp_dir = local_tmp_dir / config.identifier
        build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
        build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
-        use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]"
+        use_uv = build_frontend.name in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
        pip = ["uv", "pip"] if use_uv else ["pip"]

        log.step("Setting up build environment...")
@@ -235,6 +237,7 @@ def build_in_container(
        if PurePosixPath(which_python) != python_bin / "python":
            msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+        container.call(["python", "-V", "-V"], env=env)

        if use_uv:
            which_uv = container.call(["which", "uv"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
@@ -272,7 +275,10 @@ def build_in_container(
            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])

            extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                build_frontend,
+                build_options.build_verbosity,
+                build_options.config_settings,
+                py38=config.identifier[1:].startswith("p38"),
            )

            match build_frontend.name:
@@ -305,6 +311,19 @@ def build_in_container(
                        ],
                        env=env,
                    )
+                case "uv":
+                    container.call(
+                        [
+                            "uv",
+                            "build",
+                            f"--python={python_bin / 'python'}",
+                            container_package_dir,
+                            "--wheel",
+                            f"--out-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                        ],
+                        env=env,
+                    )
                case _:
                    assert_never(build_frontend)

@@ -320,7 +339,11 @@ def build_in_container(
            if build_options.repair_command:
                log.step("Repairing wheel...")
                repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
+                    build_options.repair_command,
+                    wheel=built_wheel,
+                    dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                    package=container_package_dir,
+                    project=container_project_path,
                )
                container.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
            else:
@@ -459,8 +482,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                Docker or Podman is required to run Linux builds. If you're
                building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to your
                .travis.yml. If you're building on Circle CI in Linux, add a
-                `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml. If
-                you're building on Cirrus CI, use `docker_builder` task.
+                `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml.
                """
            )
            raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from error
@@ -503,6 +525,7 @@ def _matches_prepared_command(error_cmd: Sequence[str], command_template: str) -
 def troubleshoot(options: Options, error: Exception) -> None:
    if isinstance(error, subprocess.CalledProcessError) and (
        error.cmd[0:4] == ["python", "-m", "pip", "wheel"]
+        or error.cmd[0:2] == ["uv", "build"]
        or error.cmd[0:3] == ["python", "-m", "build"]
        or _matches_prepared_command(
            error.cmd, options.build_options(None).repair_command
@@ -15,25 +15,20 @@ from typing import Literal, assert_never
 from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.version import Version

-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..ci import detect_ci_provider
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-    copy_test_sources,
-    download,
-    move_file,
-)
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
+from cibuildwheel import errors
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.ci import detect_ci_provider
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv


@functools.cache
@@ -60,7 +55,7 @@ def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
            capture_stdout=True,
        )
        version = tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2]))
-    return typing.cast(tuple[int, int], version)
+    return typing.cast("tuple[int, int]", version)


@functools.cache
@@ -141,7 +136,8 @@ def install_cpython(_tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool) ->
                # let the user know & provide a link to the installer
                msg = inspect.cleandoc(
                    f"""
-                        Error: CPython {version} is not installed.
+                        Framework CPython {version} not detected as installed in:
+                            {installation_path}
                        cibuildwheel will not perform system-wide installs when running outside of CI.
                        To build locally, install CPython {version} on this machine, or, disable this
                        version of Python using CIBW_SKIP=cp{version.replace(".", "")}-macosx_*
@@ -150,7 +146,7 @@ def install_cpython(_tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool) ->
                    """
                )
                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-            python_filename = url.split("/")[-1]
+            python_filename = url.rsplit("/", maxsplit=1)[-1]
            pkg_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "cpython-installer" / python_filename
            if not pkg_path.exists():
                download(url, pkg_path)
@@ -217,7 +213,7 @@ def setup_python(
    build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
 ) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
    uv_path = find_uv()
-    use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]"
+    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}

    tmp.mkdir()
    implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
@@ -257,6 +253,10 @@ def setup_python(
    # https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/620
    # Also see https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/9516
    env.pop("__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__", None)
+    # uv uses this over the current environment's python, so remove it to avoid confusion
+    env.pop("PYTHON_VERSION", None)
+    env.pop("PYTHON_ARCH", None)
+    env.pop("UV_PYTHON", None)

    # we version pip ourselves, so we don't care about pip version checking
    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ def setup_python(
    if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
        msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
+    call("python", "-V", "-V", env=env)

    # check what pip version we're on
    if not use_uv:
@@ -289,8 +289,11 @@ def setup_python(
    # For arm64, the minimal deployment target is 11.0.
    # On x86_64 (or universal2), use 10.9 as a default.
    # CPython 3.12.6+ needs 10.13.
+    # CPython 3.14.0 needs 10.15.
    if config_is_arm64:
        default_target = "11.0"
+    elif Version(python_configuration.version) >= Version("3.14"):
+        default_target = "10.15"
    elif Version(python_configuration.version) >= Version("3.12"):
        default_target = "10.13"
    elif python_configuration.identifier.startswith("pp") and Version(
@@ -371,12 +374,27 @@ def setup_python(
                uv_path,
                "pip",
                "install",
+                "--python",
+                which_python,
                "--upgrade",
                "delocate",
                "build[virtualenv, uv]",
                *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
                env=env,
            )
+        case "uv":
+            assert uv_path is not None
+            call(
+                uv_path,
+                "pip",
+                "install",
+                "--python",
+                which_python,
+                "--upgrade",
+                "delocate",
+                *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+                env=env,
+            )
        case _:
            assert_never(build_frontend)

@@ -409,7 +427,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        for config in python_configurations:
            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
-            use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]"
+            use_uv = build_frontend.name in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
            uv_path = find_uv()
            if use_uv and uv_path is None:
                msg = "uv not found"
@@ -457,16 +475,13 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()

                extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                    build_frontend,
+                    build_options.build_verbosity,
+                    build_options.config_settings,
+                    py38=config.identifier[1:].startswith("p38"),
                )

                build_env = env.copy()
-                if pip_version is not None:
-                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(
-                        build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir if use_uv else None
-                    )

                match build_frontend.name:
                    case "pip":
@@ -500,6 +515,18 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                            *extra_flags,
                            env=build_env,
                        )
+                    case "uv":
+                        assert uv_path is not None
+                        call(
+                            uv_path,
+                            "build",
+                            f"--python={base_python}",
+                            build_options.package_dir,
+                            "--wheel",
+                            f"--out-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                            env=build_env,
+                        )
                    case _:
                        assert_never(build_frontend)

@@ -525,6 +552,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                        wheel=built_wheel,
                        dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
                        delocate_archs=delocate_archs,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        project=".",
                    )
                    shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
                else:
@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ from typing import Final, TypedDict

 from filelock import FileLock

-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
+from cibuildwheel import errors
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
    copy_test_sources,
    download,
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ from ..util.file import (
    extract_zip,
    move_file,
 )
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..util.python_build_standalone import (
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+from cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone import (
    PythonBuildStandaloneError,
    create_python_build_standalone_environment,
 )
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv

 IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")

@@ -94,21 +94,28 @@ def ensure_node(major_version: str) -> Path:
    return path


-def install_emscripten(tmp: Path, version: str) -> Path:
-    url = f"https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk/archive/refs/tags/{version}.zip"
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"emsdk-{version}"
-    emsdk_path = installation_path / f"emsdk-{version}/emsdk"
-    emcc_path = installation_path / f"emsdk-{version}/upstream/emscripten/emcc"
-    with FileLock(f"{installation_path}.lock"):
-        if installation_path.exists():
+def install_emscripten(
+    env: dict[str, str], version: str, xbuildenv_cache_path: Path, pyodide_version: str
+) -> Path:
+    """Install Emscripten via pyodide-build, which also applies Pyodide-specific patches."""
+    emcc_path = (
+        xbuildenv_cache_path / pyodide_version / "emsdk" / "upstream" / "emscripten" / "emcc"
+    )
+    with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "emscripten.lock"):
+        if emcc_path.exists():
            return emcc_path
-        emsdk_zip = tmp / "emsdk.zip"
-        download(url, emsdk_zip)
-        installation_path.mkdir()
-        extract_zip(emsdk_zip, installation_path)
-        call(emsdk_path, "install", version)
-        call(emsdk_path, "activate", version)
-
+        call(
+            "pyodide",
+            "xbuildenv",
+            "install-emscripten",
+            "--version",
+            version,
+            "--path",
+            str(xbuildenv_cache_path),
+            env=env,
+            cwd=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+        )
+    assert emcc_path.exists()
    return emcc_path


@@ -130,7 +137,7 @@ def get_all_xbuildenv_version_info(env: dict[str, str]) -> list[PyodideXBuildEnv
        msg = f"Invalid xbuildenvs info, got {xbuildenvs_info}"
        raise ValueError(msg)

-    return typing.cast(list[PyodideXBuildEnvInfo], xbuildenvs_info["environments"])
+    return typing.cast("list[PyodideXBuildEnvInfo]", xbuildenvs_info["environments"])


 def get_xbuildenv_version_info(
@@ -180,12 +187,8 @@ def validate_pyodide_build_version(
        raise errors.FatalError(msg)


-def install_xbuildenv(env: dict[str, str], pyodide_build_version: str, pyodide_version: str) -> str:
+def install_xbuildenv(env: dict[str, str], xbuildenv_cache_path: Path, pyodide_version: str) -> str:
    """Install a particular Pyodide xbuildenv version and set a path to the Pyodide root."""
-    # Since pyodide-build was unvendored from Pyodide v0.27.0, the versions of
-    # pyodide-build are uncoupled from the versions of Pyodide. So, we specify
-    # both the pyodide-build version and the Pyodide version in the temp path.
-    xbuildenv_cache_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"pyodide-build-{pyodide_build_version}"
    pyodide_root = xbuildenv_cache_path / pyodide_version / "xbuildenv" / "pyodide-root"

    with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "xbuildenv.lock"):
@@ -268,7 +271,7 @@ def setup_python(
    if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
        msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our venv instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
+    call("python", "-V", "-V", env=env)

    # check what pip version we're on
    assert (venv_bin_path / "pip").exists()
@@ -284,8 +287,6 @@ def setup_python(
        "pip",
        "install",
        "--upgrade",
-        "auditwheel-emscripten",
-        "build[virtualenv]",
        "pyodide-build",
        *constraint_flags(constraints_path),
        env=env,
@@ -305,14 +306,18 @@ def setup_python(
        pyodide_build_version=pyodide_build_version,
    )

-    emscripten_version = xbuildenv_info["emscripten"]
-    log.step(f"Installing Emscripten version: {emscripten_version} ...")
-    emcc_path = install_emscripten(tmp, emscripten_version)
-
-    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([str(emcc_path.parent), env["PATH"]])
+    xbuildenv_cache_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"pyodide-build-{pyodide_build_version}"

    log.step(f"Installing Pyodide xbuildenv version: {pyodide_version} ...")
-    env["PYODIDE_ROOT"] = install_xbuildenv(env, pyodide_build_version, pyodide_version)
+    env["PYODIDE_ROOT"] = install_xbuildenv(env, xbuildenv_cache_path, pyodide_version)
+
+    emscripten_version = xbuildenv_info["emscripten"]
+    log.step(
+        f"Installing Emscripten {emscripten_version} and applying Pyodide-specific patches ..."
+    )
+    emcc_path = install_emscripten(env, emscripten_version, xbuildenv_cache_path, pyodide_version)
+
+    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([str(emcc_path.parent), env["PATH"]])

    return env

@@ -417,20 +422,19 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                log.step("Building wheel...")

                extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                    build_frontend,
+                    build_options.build_verbosity,
+                    build_options.config_settings,
+                    py38=False,
                )

-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir)
-                build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
                call(
                    "pyodide",
                    "build",
                    build_options.package_dir,
                    f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
                    *extra_flags,
-                    env=build_env,
+                    env=env,
                )
                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))

@@ -444,6 +448,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                        build_options.repair_command,
                        wheel=built_wheel,
                        dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        project=".",
                    )
                    shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
                    log.step_end()
@@ -5,26 +5,32 @@ import platform as platform_module
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Set
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Sequence, Set
 from functools import cache
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import assert_never

 from filelock import FileLock

-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, extract_zip, move_file
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
+from cibuildwheel import errors
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    copy_test_sources,
+    download,
+    extract_zip,
+    move_file,
+)
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv


 def get_nuget_args(
@@ -54,10 +60,17 @@ def get_nuget_args(
@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
    version: str
-    arch: str
    identifier: str
    url: str | None = None

+    @property
+    def arch(self) -> str:
+        return {
+            "win32": "32",
+            "win_amd64": "64",
+            "win_arm64": "ARM64",
+        }[self.identifier.split("-")[-1]]
+

 def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
    config_dicts = resources.read_python_configs("windows")
@@ -264,7 +277,7 @@ def setup_python(
    if build_frontend == "build[uv]" and not can_use_uv(python_configuration):
        build_frontend = "build"

-    use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]"
+    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
    uv_path = find_uv()

    log.step("Setting up build environment...")
@@ -280,7 +293,9 @@ def setup_python(
    # set up environment variables for run_with_env
    env["PYTHON_VERSION"] = python_configuration.version
    env["PYTHON_ARCH"] = python_configuration.arch
-    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
+    env.pop("UV_PYTHON", None)
+    if not use_uv:
+        env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"

    # update env with results from CIBW_ENVIRONMENT
    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
@@ -291,7 +306,7 @@ def setup_python(
    if where_python != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "python.exe"):
        msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
+    call("python", "-V", "-V", env=env)
    call("python", "-c", "\"import struct; print(struct.calcsize('P') * 8)\"", env=env)

    # check what pip version we're on
@@ -321,6 +336,8 @@ def setup_python(
                uv_path,
                "pip",
                "install",
+                "--python",
+                where_python,
                "--upgrade",
                "build[virtualenv]",
                *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
@@ -332,11 +349,11 @@ def setup_python(
        setup_setuptools_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
        setup_rust_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)

-    if implementation_id.startswith("gp"):
-        # GraalPy fails to discover compilers, setup the relevant environment
+    if implementation_id.startswith("gp311"):
+        # GraalPy 24 fails to discover compilers, setup the relevant environment
        # variables. Adapted from
        # https://github.com/microsoft/vswhere/wiki/Start-Developer-Command-Prompt
-        # Remove when https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/492 is fixed.
+        # Remove when GraalPy 24.x is dropped.
        vcpath = call(
            Path(os.environ["PROGRAMFILES(X86)"])
            / "Microsoft Visual Studio"
@@ -379,6 +396,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
    if not python_configurations:
        return

+    uv_path = find_uv()
+
    try:
        before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
        before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
@@ -396,8 +415,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        for config in python_configurations:
            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
-
-            use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" and can_use_uv(config)
+            use_uv = build_frontend.name in {"build[uv]", "uv"} and can_use_uv(config)
            log.build_start(config.identifier)

            identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
@@ -442,32 +460,28 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()

                extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                    build_frontend,
+                    build_options.build_verbosity,
+                    build_options.config_settings,
+                    py38=config.identifier[1:].startswith("p38"),
                )

                if (
-                    config.identifier.startswith("gp")
+                    config.identifier.startswith("gp311")
                    and build_frontend.name == "build"
                    and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags
                    and "-n" not in extra_flags
                ):
-                    # GraalPy fails to discover its standard library when a venv is created
+                    # GraalPy 24 fails to discover its standard library when a venv is created
                    # from a virtualenv seeded executable. See
                    # https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/491 and remove this once
-                    # fixed upstream.
+                    # GraalPy 24 is dropped.
                    log.notice(
                        "Disabling build isolation to workaround GraalPy bug. If the build fails, consider using pip or build[uv] as build frontend."
                    )
                    shell("graalpy -m pip install setuptools wheel", env=env)
                    extra_flags = [*extra_flags, "-n"]

-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if pip_version is not None:
-                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir)
-
                match build_frontend.name:
                    case "pip":
                        # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
@@ -481,7 +495,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                            f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
                            "--no-deps",
                            *extra_flags,
-                            env=build_env,
+                            env=env,
                        )
                    case "build" | "build[uv]":
                        if (
@@ -499,7 +513,19 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                            "--wheel",
                            f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
                            *extra_flags,
-                            env=build_env,
+                            env=env,
+                        )
+                    case "uv":
+                        assert uv_path is not None
+                        call(
+                            uv_path,
+                            "build",
+                            f"--python={base_python}",
+                            build_options.package_dir,
+                            "--wheel",
+                            f"--out-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                            env=env,
                        )
                    case _:
                        assert_never(build_frontend)
@@ -518,6 +544,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                        build_options.repair_command,
                        wheel=built_wheel,
                        dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        project=".",
                    )
                    shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
                else:
@@ -573,7 +601,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                    )
                    shell(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)

-                pip = ["uv", "pip"] if use_uv else ["pip"]
+                pip: Sequence[Path | str]
+                if use_uv:
+                    assert uv_path is not None
+                    pip = [uv_path, "pip"]
+                else:
+                    pip = ["pip"]

                # install the wheel
                call(
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
        )

        match node:
-            case ast.keyword(arg="python_requires", value=ast.Constant(value=str(version))):
+            case ast.keyword(arg="python_requires", value=ast.Constant(value=str() as version)):
                if unnested or name_main_unnested:
                    self.requires_python = version

@@ -68,16 +68,20 @@ def initialize() -> None:

    # sysconfig ###############################################################
    #
-    # We don't change the actual sys.base_prefix and base_exec_prefix, because that
-    # could have unpredictable effects. Instead, we change the internal variables
-    # used to generate sysconfig.get_path("include").
-    exec_prefix = sysconfig.get_config_var("exec_prefix")
-    sysconfig._BASE_PREFIX = sysconfig._BASE_EXEC_PREFIX = exec_prefix  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-
-    # Reload the sysconfigdata file, generating its name from sys.abiflags,
+    # Load the sysconfigdata file, generating its name from sys.abiflags,
    # sys.platform, and sys.implementation._multiarch.
    sysconfig._init_config_vars()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]

+    # We don't change the actual sys.base_prefix and base_exec_prefix, because that
+    # could have unpredictable effects. Instead, we change the sysconfig variables
+    # used by sysconfig.get_paths().
+    vars = sysconfig.get_config_vars()
+    try:
+        host_prefix = vars["host_prefix"]  # This variable was added in Python 3.14.
+    except KeyError:
+        host_prefix = vars["exec_prefix"]
+    vars["installed_base"] = vars["installed_platbase"] = host_prefix
+
    # sysconfig.get_platform, which determines the wheel tag, is implemented in terms of
    # sys.platform, sysconfig.get_config_var("ANDROID_API_LEVEL") (see localized_vars in
    # android.py), and os.uname.
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+--- a/android.py
+++ b/android.py
+@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ def main():
+     context = parse_args()
+ 
+     # Set the CROSS_BUILD_DIR if an argument was provided
+-    if context.cross_build_dir:
+    if getattr(context, "cross_build_dir", None):
+         global CROSS_BUILD_DIR
+         CROSS_BUILD_DIR = context.cross_build_dir.resolve()
+ 
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    # CIBW_HOST_TRIPLET is set in the android_env to the Android target triplet.
+    target = os.environ.get("CIBW_HOST_TRIPLET")
+
+    cmd_name = Path(sys.argv[0]).name
+
+    # Find the real command in PATH, excluding the current script's directory
+    path_env = os.environ.get("PATH", "")
+    script_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+
+    paths = path_env.split(os.pathsep)
+    # Filter out the script directory to avoid recursion
+    filtered_paths = [p for p in paths if Path(p).resolve() != script_dir]
+    filtered_path_env = os.pathsep.join(filtered_paths)
+
+    real_cmd = shutil.which(cmd_name, path=filtered_path_env)
+
+    if not real_cmd:
+        sys.stderr.write(f"cibuildwheel: Error: Could not find system {cmd_name}\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # If we have a target (i.e. we are in the android_env), try to install it.
+    if target:
+        # Check if rustup is available to install the target
+        rustup_path = shutil.which("rustup", path=filtered_path_env)
+
+        if rustup_path:
+            try:
+                # We call rustup to ensure the target is installed.
+                subprocess.run(
+                    [rustup_path, "target", "add", target],
+                    check=True,
+                    stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                    stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                    text=True,
+                )
+            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    f"cibuildwheel: Error: Failed to install Rust target {target}: {e.stderr}\n"
+                )
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Execute the real command
+    os.execv(real_cmd, [real_cmd, *sys.argv[1:]])
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ python_configurations = [
  { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
  { identifier = "gp311_242-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native" },
  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ python_configurations = [
  { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
  { identifier = "gp311_242-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native" },
  { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
@@ -159,83 +161,88 @@ python_configurations = [
  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.5/python-3.13.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.5/python-3.13.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.5/python-3.13.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.5/python-3.13.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.5/python-3.13.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.5/python-3.13.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-macos11.pkg" },
  { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
  { identifier = "pp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.21-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.21-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
  { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
  { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.1/graalpy-25.0.1-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.2/graalpy-25.0.2-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
 ]

 [windows]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp38-win32", version = "3.8.10", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8.10", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.13", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.13", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.11", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.9", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.9", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.10", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.10", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.5", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.5", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.5", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_amd64", version = "3.13.5", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.0-rc1", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.0-rc1", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.0-rc1", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.0-rc1", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.9", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.10", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.5", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.5", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.0-rc1", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.0-rc1", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-win_amd64", version = "3.11", arch = "64", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-windows-amd64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "cp38-win32", version = "3.8.10" },
+  { identifier = "cp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8.10" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.13" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.13" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.11" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.11" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.9" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.9" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.10" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.10" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.13" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.13" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.13" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win_amd64", version = "3.13.13" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.4" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.4" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.4" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.4" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.9" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.10" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.13" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.13" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.4" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.4" },
+  { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.21-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "gp311_242-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-windows-amd64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-win_amd64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.2/graalpy-25.0.2-windows-amd64.zip" },
 ]

 [pyodide]
 python_configurations = [
  { identifier = "cp312-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.12", default_pyodide_version = "0.27.7", node_version = "v22" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.13", default_pyodide_version = "0.28.0", node_version = "v22" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.13", default_pyodide_version = "0.29.3", node_version = "v22" },
 ]

 [android]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp313-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.5+20250722.214220/python-3.13.5+20250722.214220-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-android_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.5+20250722.214220/python-3.13.5+20250722.214220-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-android_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-android_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
 ]

 [ios]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b10/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b10.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b10/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b10.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b10/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b10.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b6/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b6.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b6/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b6.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b6/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b6.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
 ]
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
    },
    "enable": {
      "enum": [
-        "cpython-experimental-riscv64",
        "cpython-freethreading",
        "cpython-prerelease",
        "graalpy",
@@ -108,13 +107,14 @@
    },
    "build-frontend": {
      "default": "default",
-      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"build\" (default), \"build[uv]\", or \"pip\"",
+      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"build\" (default), \"build[uv]\", \"uv\", or \"pip\"",
      "oneOf": [
        {
          "enum": [
            "pip",
            "build",
            "build[uv]",
+            "uv",
            "default"
          ]
        },
@@ -130,6 +130,10 @@
          "type": "string",
          "pattern": "^build\\[uv\\]; ?args:"
        },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^uv; ?args:"
+        },
        {
          "type": "object",
          "additionalProperties": false,
@@ -141,7 +145,8 @@
              "enum": [
                "pip",
                "build",
-                "build[uv]"
+                "build[uv]",
+                "uv"
              ]
            },
            "args": {
@@ -569,6 +574,39 @@
      ],
      "title": "CIBW_TEST_ENVIRONMENT"
    },
+    "test-runtime": {
+      "description": "Additional configuration for the test runner",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^$"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "args:"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": [
+            "args"
+          ],
+          "properties": {
+            "args": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME"
+    },
    "overrides": {
      "type": "array",
      "description": "An overrides array",
@@ -638,6 +676,9 @@
              },
              "test-environment": {
                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
+              },
+              "test-runtime": {
+                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
              }
            }
          },
@@ -748,6 +789,9 @@
          },
          "test-environment": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+          },
+          "test-runtime": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
          }
        }
      }
@@ -876,6 +920,9 @@
        },
        "test-environment": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
        }
      }
    },
@@ -936,6 +983,9 @@
        },
        "test-environment": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
        }
      }
    },
@@ -1009,6 +1059,9 @@
        },
        "test-environment": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
        }
      }
    },
@@ -1069,6 +1122,9 @@
        },
        "test-environment": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
        }
      }
    },
@@ -1129,6 +1185,9 @@
        },
        "test-environment": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
        }
      }
    },
@@ -1189,6 +1248,9 @@
        },
        "test-environment": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
        }
      }
    }
@@ -2,116 +2,90 @@
 #    nox -s update_constraints
 annotated-types==0.7.0
    # via pydantic
-anyio==4.9.0
-    # via httpx
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.1.0
+auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.3
    # via pyodide-build
 build==1.2.2.post1
    # via
    #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
    #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2025.7.14
-    # via
-    #   httpcore
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.2
+certifi==2026.2.25
+    # via requests
+charset-normalizer==3.4.6
    # via requests
 click==8.1.8
    # via
    #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-    #   typer
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-cli
 distlib==0.4.0
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-h11==0.16.0
-    # via httpcore
-httpcore==1.0.9
-    # via httpx
-httpx==0.28.1
-    # via unearth
-idna==3.10
+filelock==3.25.2
    # via
-    #   anyio
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-leb128==1.0.8
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+idna==3.11
+    # via requests
+leb128==1.0.9
    # via auditwheel-emscripten
-markdown-it-py==3.0.0
+markdown-it-py==4.0.0
    # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
    # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
    # via
    #   auditwheel-emscripten
    #   build
    #   pyodide-build
-    #   unearth
-pip==25.1.1
+    #   wheel
+pip==26.0.1
    # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.9.4
    # via
    #   pyodide-build
+    #   python-discovery
    #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.11.7
+pydantic==2.12.5
    # via
    #   pyodide-build
    #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.33.2
+pydantic-core==2.41.5
    # via pydantic
 pygments==2.19.2
    # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.30.5
+pyodide-build==0.33.0
    # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-pyodide-cli==0.3.0
+pyodide-cli==0.5.0
    # via
    #   auditwheel-emscripten
    #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.0a7
+pyodide-lock==0.1.2
    # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
    # via build
-requests==2.32.4
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+requests==2.32.5
    # via pyodide-build
-resolvelib==1.2.0
-    # via pyodide-build
-rich==14.1.0
+rich==14.3.3
    # via
    #   pyodide-build
    #   pyodide-cli
-    #   typer
-ruamel-yaml==0.18.14
+ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
    # via pyodide-build
-ruamel-yaml-clib==0.2.12
-    # via ruamel-yaml
-shellingham==1.5.4
-    # via typer
-sniffio==1.3.1
-    # via anyio
-typer==0.16.0
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-cli
-typing-extensions==4.14.1
-    # via
-    #   anyio
    #   pydantic
    #   pydantic-core
-    #   typer
    #   typing-inspection
-typing-inspection==0.4.1
+typing-inspection==0.4.2
    # via pydantic
-unearth==0.17.5
-    # via pyodide-build
-urllib3==2.5.0
+urllib3==2.6.3
    # via requests
-virtualenv==20.32.0
+virtualenv==21.2.0
    # via
    #   build
    #   pyodide-build
-wheel==0.45.1
+wheel==0.46.3
    # via
    #   auditwheel-emscripten
    #   pyodide-build
@@ -2,115 +2,90 @@
 #    nox -s update_constraints
 annotated-types==0.7.0
    # via pydantic
-anyio==4.9.0
-    # via httpx
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.1.0
+auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.3
    # via pyodide-build
 build==1.2.2.post1
    # via
    #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
    #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2025.7.14
-    # via
-    #   httpcore
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.2
+certifi==2026.2.25
+    # via requests
+charset-normalizer==3.4.6
    # via requests
 click==8.1.8
    # via
    #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-    #   typer
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-cli
 distlib==0.4.0
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-h11==0.16.0
-    # via httpcore
-httpcore==1.0.9
-    # via httpx
-httpx==0.28.1
-    # via unearth
-idna==3.10
+filelock==3.25.2
    # via
-    #   anyio
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-leb128==1.0.8
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+idna==3.11
+    # via requests
+leb128==1.0.9
    # via auditwheel-emscripten
-markdown-it-py==3.0.0
+markdown-it-py==4.0.0
    # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
    # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
    # via
    #   auditwheel-emscripten
    #   build
    #   pyodide-build
-    #   unearth
-pip==25.1.1
+    #   wheel
+pip==26.0.1
    # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.9.4
    # via
    #   pyodide-build
+    #   python-discovery
    #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.11.7
+pydantic==2.12.5
    # via
    #   pyodide-build
    #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.33.2
+pydantic-core==2.41.5
    # via pydantic
 pygments==2.19.2
    # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.30.5
+pyodide-build==0.33.0
    # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-pyodide-cli==0.3.0
+pyodide-cli==0.5.0
    # via
    #   auditwheel-emscripten
    #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.0a7
+pyodide-lock==0.1.2
    # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
    # via build
-requests==2.32.4
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+requests==2.32.5
    # via pyodide-build
-resolvelib==1.2.0
-    # via pyodide-build
-rich==14.1.0
+rich==14.3.3
    # via
    #   pyodide-build
    #   pyodide-cli
-    #   typer
-ruamel-yaml==0.18.14
+ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
    # via pyodide-build
-ruamel-yaml-clib==0.2.12
-    # via ruamel-yaml
-shellingham==1.5.4
-    # via typer
-sniffio==1.3.1
-    # via anyio
-typer==0.16.0
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-cli
-typing-extensions==4.14.1
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
    # via
    #   pydantic
    #   pydantic-core
-    #   typer
    #   typing-inspection
-typing-inspection==0.4.1
+typing-inspection==0.4.2
    # via pydantic
-unearth==0.17.5
-    # via pyodide-build
-urllib3==2.5.0
+urllib3==2.6.3
    # via requests
-virtualenv==20.32.0
+virtualenv==21.2.0
    # via
    #   build
    #   pyodide-build
-wheel==0.45.1
+wheel==0.46.3
    # via
    #   auditwheel-emscripten
    #   pyodide-build
@@ -1,34 +1,42 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.7.0
+filelock==3.25.2
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==9.0.0
    # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
    # via
    #   build
    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
+platformdirs==4.9.6
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
    # via build
-tomli==2.2.1
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+tomli==2.4.1
    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.1
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.32.0
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
+    # via
+    #   delocate
+    #   virtualenv
+virtualenv==21.2.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.23.0
    # via importlib-metadata
@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+filelock==3.25.2
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
    # via
    #   build
    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
+platformdirs==4.9.6
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.1
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.32.0
+virtualenv==21.2.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+filelock==3.25.2
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
    # via
    #   build
    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
+platformdirs==4.9.6
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.1
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.32.0
+virtualenv==21.2.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+filelock==3.25.2
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
    # via
    #   build
    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
+platformdirs==4.9.6
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.1
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.32.0
+virtualenv==21.2.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+filelock==3.25.2
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
    # via
    #   build
    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
+platformdirs==4.9.6
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.1
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.32.0
+virtualenv==21.2.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
    # via macholib
 build==1.2.2.post1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -9,26 +9,34 @@ delocate==0.12.0
 distlib==0.4.0
    # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.16.1
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 importlib-metadata==8.5.0
    # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
    # via
    #   build
    #   delocate
 pip==25.0.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 platformdirs==4.3.6
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
    # via build
-tomli==2.2.1
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+tomli==2.4.1
    # via build
 typing-extensions==4.13.2
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.32.0
+    # via
+    #   delocate
+    #   virtualenv
+virtualenv==21.2.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.20.2
    # via importlib-metadata
@@ -1,34 +1,42 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.7.0
+filelock==3.19.1
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==8.7.1
    # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
    # via
    #   build
    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
+platformdirs==4.4.0
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
    # via build
-tomli==2.2.1
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+tomli==2.4.1
    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.1
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.32.0
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
+    # via
+    #   delocate
+    #   virtualenv
+virtualenv==21.2.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.23.0
    # via importlib-metadata
@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+filelock==3.25.2
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
    # via
    #   build
    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
+platformdirs==4.9.6
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.1
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.32.0
+virtualenv==21.2.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ test-requires = []
 test-extras = []
 test-groups = []
 test-environment = {}
+test-runtime = {}

 container-engine = "docker"

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 url = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
-v22 = "v22.17.1"
-v20 = "v20.19.4"
+v24 = "v24.14.1"
+v22 = "v22.22.2"
+v20 = "v20.20.2"
@@ -1,53 +1,54 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.07.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2025.07.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.04.08-5
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2026.04.08-5

 [i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2025.07.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2025.07.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.04.08-5
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2026.04.08-5

 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.07.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2025.07.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.04.08-5
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2026.04.08-5

 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2025.07.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2025.07.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2026.04.08-5
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2026.04.08-5

 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2025.07.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2025.07.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2026.04.08-5
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2026.04.08-5

 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.07.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.04.08-5

 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2025.07.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.04.08-5

 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.07.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.07.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.04.08-5

 [armv7l]
-manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2025.07.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2025.07.27-1
+manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_35 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_35_armv7l:2026.04.08-5
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2026.04.08-5

 [riscv64]
-manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2025.07.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2025.07.27-1
+manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2026.04.08-5
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2026.04.08-5

@@ -1,455 +1,723 @@
 {
  "releases": [
    {
-      "tag": "20250723",
+      "tag": "20260408",
      "assets": [
        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250723-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250723/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250723-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
        },
        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250723-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250723/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250723-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
        },
        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250723-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250723/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250723-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
        },
        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250723-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250723/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250723-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz"
        },
        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250723-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250723/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250723-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
        },
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+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
        }
      ]
    }
@@ -1 +1 @@
-default = { version = "20.32.0", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.32.0/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true" }
+default = { version = "21.2.1", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/download/21.2.1/virtualenv.pyz" }
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import json
 from typing import Any

-from .util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources


 def get_schema(tool_name: str = "cibuildwheel") -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import dataclasses
 import itertools
 from enum import StrEnum
 from fnmatch import fnmatch
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Self

 import bracex
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ class EnableGroup(StrEnum):
    Groups of build selectors that are not enabled by default.
    """

-    CPythonExperimentalRiscV64 = "cpython-experimental-riscv64"
    CPythonFreeThreading = "cpython-freethreading"
    CPythonPrerelease = "cpython-prerelease"
    GraalPy = "graalpy"
@@ -38,11 +37,11 @@ class EnableGroup(StrEnum):
    PyodidePrerelease = "pyodide-prerelease"

    @classmethod
-    def all_groups(cls) -> frozenset["EnableGroup"]:
-        return frozenset(set(cls) - {cls.CPythonExperimentalRiscV64})
+    def all_groups(cls) -> frozenset[Self]:
+        return frozenset(set(cls) - {cls.CPythonFreeThreading})

    @classmethod
-    def parse_option_value(cls, value: str) -> frozenset["EnableGroup"]:
+    def parse_option_value(cls, value: str) -> frozenset[Self]:
        """
        Parses a string of space-separated values into a set of EnableGroup
        members. The string may contain group names or "all".
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ class BuildSelector:
    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
        # Filter build selectors by python_requires if set
        if self.requires_python is not None:
-            py_ver_str = build_id.split("-")[0].split("_")[0]
+            py_ver_str = build_id.split("-", maxsplit=1)[0].split("_", maxsplit=1)[0]
            py_ver_str = py_ver_str.removesuffix("t")
            major = int(py_ver_str[2])
            minor = int(py_ver_str[3:])
@@ -89,9 +88,11 @@ class BuildSelector:
            return False
        if EnableGroup.CPythonPrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp315*"):
            return False
-        if EnableGroup.PyPy not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "pp31*"):
+        is_pypy_eol = fnmatch(build_id, "pp3?-*") or fnmatch(build_id, "pp310-*")
+        is_pypy = fnmatch(build_id, "pp*") and not is_pypy_eol
+        if EnableGroup.PyPy not in self.enable and is_pypy:
            return False
-        if EnableGroup.PyPyEoL not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "pp3?-*"):
+        if EnableGroup.PyPyEoL not in self.enable and is_pypy_eol:
            return False
        if EnableGroup.GraalPy not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "gp*"):
            return False
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ class BuildSelector:

        return should_build and not should_skip

-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> dict[str, str | list[str]]:
        return {
            "build_config": self.build_config,
            "skip_config": self.skip_config,
@@ -133,5 +134,5 @@ class TestSelector:
        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
        return not should_skip

-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> dict[str, str]:
        return {"skip_config": self.skip_config}
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import typing
 from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
 from typing import Final, Literal

-from ..errors import FatalError
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.errors import FatalError
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr

 _IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def call(
    if not capture_stdout:
        return None
    sys.stderr.write(result.stderr)
-    return typing.cast(str, result.stdout)
+    return typing.cast("str", result.stdout)


 def shell(
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from zipfile import ZipFile
 import certifi
 from platformdirs import user_cache_path

-from ..errors import FatalError
+from cibuildwheel.errors import FatalError

 DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
 CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
@@ -20,6 +20,26 @@ CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
 ).resolve()


+def ensure_cache_sentinel(cache_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Create a sentinel file to mark a cibuildwheel cache directory.
+
+    We help prevent accidental deletion of non-cache directories with this.
+
+    Args:
+        cache_path: The cache directory path where the sentinel should be created
+    """
+    if cache_path.exists():
+        sentinel_file = cache_path / "CACHEDIR.TAG"
+        if not sentinel_file.exists():
+            sentinel_file.write_text(
+                "Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55\n"
+                "# This file is a cache directory tag created by cibuildwheel.\n"
+                "# For information about cache directory tags, see:\n"
+                "# https://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/",
+                encoding="utf-8",
+            )
+
+
 def download(url: str, dest: Path) -> None:
    print(f"+ Download {url} to {dest}")
    dest_dir = dest.parent
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import textwrap
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Sequence

-from ..typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr


 def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
    >>> format_safe('{a} {b[4]:3f}', a='123')
    '123 {b[4]:3f}'

-    To avoid variable expansion, precede with a single backslash e.g.
-    >>> format_safe('\\{a} {b}', a='123')
+    To avoid variable expansion, precede with a single hash e.g.
+    >>> format_safe('#{a} {b}', a='123')
    '{a} {b}'
    """

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import shlex
-from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from typing import Any, Literal, Self, TypeVar
+from typing import Literal, Self, TypeVar

 from packaging.utils import parse_wheel_filename

-from . import resources
-from .cmd import call
-from .helpers import parse_key_value_string, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import parse_key_value_string, unwrap


@dataclass(kw_only=True)
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class DependencyConstraints:

        return None

-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
        if self == DependencyConstraints.pinned():
            return "pinned"
        elif self.packages:
@@ -169,39 +169,11 @@ def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
            elif platform.startswith("pyodide"):
                # each Pyodide version has its own platform tag
                continue
-            else:
-                # Windows should exactly match
-                if tag.platform != platform:
-                    continue
+            # Windows should exactly match
+            elif tag.platform != platform:
+                continue

            # If all the filters above pass, then the wheel is a previously built compatible wheel.
            return wheel

    return None
-
-
-def combine_constraints(
-    env: MutableMapping[str, str], /, constraints_path: Path, tmp_dir: Path | None
-) -> None:
-    """
-    This will workaround a bug in pip<=21.1.1 or uv<=0.2.0 if a tmp_dir is given.
-    If set to None, this will use the modern URI method.
-    """
-
-    if tmp_dir:
-        if " " in str(constraints_path):
-            assert " " not in str(tmp_dir)
-            tmp_file = tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
-            tmp_file.write_bytes(constraints_path.read_bytes())
-            constraints_path = tmp_file
-        our_constraints = str(constraints_path)
-    else:
-        our_constraints = (
-            constraints_path.as_uri() if " " in str(constraints_path) else str(constraints_path)
-        )
-
-    user_constraints = env.get("PIP_CONSTRAINT")
-
-    env["UV_CONSTRAINT"] = env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = " ".join(
-        c for c in [our_constraints, user_constraints] if c
-    )
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData(typing.TypedDict):
@functools.cache
 def get_python_build_standalone_release_data() -> PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData:
    with open(PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES, "rb") as f:
-        return typing.cast(PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData, json.load(f))
+        return typing.cast("PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData", json.load(f))


 class PythonBuildStandaloneError(Exception):
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import tomllib
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final

-from ..typing import PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PlatformName

 PATH: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "resources"
 INSTALL_CERTIFI_SCRIPT: Final[Path] = PATH / "install_certifi.py"
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
 from packaging.version import Version

-from .util import resources
-from .util.cmd import call
-from .util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download

 _IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")

@@ -108,7 +108,9 @@ def virtualenv(
    assert python.exists()

    if use_uv:
-        call("uv", "venv", venv_path, "--python", python)
+        uv_path = find_uv()
+        assert uv_path is not None
+        call(uv_path, "venv", venv_path, "--python", python)
    else:
        virtualenv_app, virtualenv_version = _ensure_virtualenv(version)
        if pip_version is None:
@@ -4,14 +4,93 @@ title: Changelog

 # Changelog

+### v3.4.1
+
+_2 April 2026_
+
+- ⚠️ Building for the experimental CPython 3.13 free-threading variant is now deprecated. That functionality will be removed in the next minor release. The [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) option `cpython-freethreading` is therefore also deprecated. Builds specifying `enable = "all"` no longer select `cpython-freethreading`. CPython 3.14 free-threading support remains available without the `enable` flag. (#2787)
+- 🐛 iOS builds will no longer skip `repair-wheel-command` if it's defined in config (#2761)
+- 🐛 Fix bug causing `uv` to fail when environments define PYTHON_VERSION or UV_PYTHON, conflicting with our venvs (#2795)
+- ✨ cibuildwheel prints the selected build identifiers at the start of the build. (#2785)
+- 🔐 The GitHub Action now references other actions with a full SHA (#2744)
+
+### v3.4.0
+
+_5 March 2026_
+
+- 🌟 You can now build wheels using `uv` as a build frontend. This should improve performance, especially if your project has lots of build dependencies. To use, set [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) to `uv`. (#2322)
+- ⚠️ We no longer support running on Travis CI. It may continue working but we don't run tests there anymore so we can't be sure. (#2682)
+- ✨ Improvements to building rust wheels on Android (#2650)
+- 🛠 Update Pyodide to 0.29.3 (#2719, #2733)
+- 🐛 Fix bug with the GitHub Action on Windows, where PATH was getting unnecessarily changed, causing issues with meson builds. (#2723)
+- ✨ Add support for quiet setting on `build` and `uv` from the cibuildwheel `build-verbosity` setting. (#2737)
+- 📚 Docs updates, including guidance on using Meson on Windows (#2718)
+
+### v3.3.1
+
+_5 January 2026_
+
+- 🛠 Update dependencies and container pins, including updating to CPython 3.14.2. (#2708)
+
+### v3.3.0
+
+_12 November 2025_
+
+- 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with Docker v29 (#2660)
+- ✨ Adds `test-runtime` option, to customise how tests on simulated/emulated environments are run (#2636)
+- ✨ Adds support for new `manylinux_2_35` images on 32-bit ARM `armv7l`, offering better C++20 compatibility (#2656)
+- ✨ `build[uv]` is now supported on Android (#2587)
+- ✨ You can now install extras (such as `uv`) with a simple option on the GitHub Action (#2630)
+- ✨ `{project}` and `{package}` placeholders are now supported in `repair-wheel-command` (#2589)
+- 🛠 The versions set with `dependency-versions` no longer constrain packages specified by your `build-system.requires`. Previously, on platforms other than Linux, the constraints in this option would remain in the environment during the build. This has been tidied up make behaviour more consistent between platforms, and to prevent version conflicts. (#2583)
+- 🛠 Improve the handling of `test-command` on Android, enabling more options to be passed (#2590)
+- 📚 Docs improvements (#2618)
+
+### v3.2.1
+
+_12 October 2025_
+
+- 🛠 Update to CPython 3.14.0 final (#2614)
+- 🐛 Fix the default MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET on Python 3.14 (#2613)
+- 📚 Docs improvements (#2617)
+
+### v3.2.0
+
+_22 September 2025_
+
+- ✨ Adds GraalPy v25 (Python 3.12) support (#2597)
+- 🛠 Update to CPython 3.14.0rc3 (#2602)
+- 🛠 Adds CPython 3.14.0 prerelease support for Android, and a number of improvements to Android builds (#2568, #2591)
+- 🛠 Improvements to testing on Android, passing environment markers when installing the venv, and providing more debug output when build-verbosity is set (#2575)
+- ⚠️ PyPy 3.10 was moved to `pypy-eol` in the `enable` option, as it is now end-of-life. (#2521)
+- 📚 Docs improvements (#2574, #2601, #2598)
+
+### v3.1.4
+
+_19 August 2025_
+
+- ✨ Add a `--clean-cache` command to clean up our cache (#2489)
+- 🛠 Update Python to 3.14rc2 and other patch version bumps (#2542, #2556)
+- 🛠 Update Pyodide to 0.28.2 (#2562, #2558)
+- 🐛 Fix resolution with `pyodide-build` when `dependency-versions` is set (#2548)
+- 🐛 Set `CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE` to `BOTH` on Android (#2547)
+- 🐛 Add `patchelf` dependency for platforms that can build Android wheels (#2552)
+- 🐛 Ignore empty values for `CIBW_ARCHS` like most other environment variables (#2541)
+- 💼 The `color` and `suggest_on_error` argparse options are now default in 3.14rc1+ (#2554)
+- 💼 Use the virtualenv release URL instead of blob URL (should be more robust) (#2555)
+- 🧪 For iOS, lowering to macos-14 is needed for now due to issues with GitHub's runner images (#2557)
+- 🧪 Split out platforms iOS and Android in our tests (#2519)
+- 🧪 Fix and enable doctests (#2546)
+- 📚 Improve our docs on free-threading (#2549)
+
+
 ### v3.1.3

 _1 August 2025_

 - 🐛 Fix bug where "latest" dependencies couldn't update to pip 25.2 on Windows (#2537)
- 🛠 Use pytest-rerunfailures to improve some of our iOS/Android tests (#2527, #2539)
- 🛠 Remove some GraalPy Windows workarounds in our tests (#2501)
-
+- 🧪 Use pytest-rerunfailures to improve some of our iOS/Android tests (#2527, #2539)
+- 🧪 Remove some GraalPy Windows workarounds in our tests (#2501)


 ### v3.1.2
@@ -49,7 +128,7 @@ _23 July 2025_
 - 🛠 Fixed a typo in the 3.9 MUSL riscv64 identifier (`cp39-musllinux_ricv64` -> `cp39-musllinux_riscv64`) (#2490)
 - 🛠 Mistyping `--only` now shows the correct possibilities, and even suggests near matches on Python 3.14+ (#2499)
 - 🛠 Only support one output from the repair step on linux like other platforms; auditwheel fixed this over four years ago! (#2478)
- 🛠 We now use pattern matching extensively (#2434)
+- 💼 We now use pattern matching extensively (#2434)
 - 📚 We now have platform maintainers for our special platforms and interpreters! (#2481)


@@ -99,6 +178,12 @@ See @henryiii's [release post](https://iscinumpy.dev/post/cibuildwheel-3-0-0/) f
 - 📚 Docs now primarily use the pyproject.toml name of options, rather than the environment variable name. (#2389)
 - 📚 README table now matches docs and auto-updates. (#2427, #2428)

+### v2.23.4
+
+_16 March 2026_
+
+- 🐛 Fix HTTP 429 errors while downloading virtualenv from GitHub blob URLs – uses a https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ URL instead. (#2775)
+
 ### v2.23.3

 _26 April 2025_
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ To build Linux, macOS, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.githu

    Use `env:` to pass [build options](options.md) and `with:` to set
    `package-dir: .`, `output-dir: wheelhouse` and `config-file: ''`
-    locations (those values are the defaults).
+    locations (those values are the defaults). You can also pass a
+    comma-separated list of extras to install additional packages.
+    For example, `extras: "uv"` to install UV into the virtual environment.

 !!! tab "pipx"
    The GitHub Actions runners have pipx installed, so you can easily build in
@@ -70,22 +72,6 @@ Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Azure Pipelines, and push.

 Wheels will be stored for you and available through the Pipelines interface. For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/yaml-schema).

-### Travis CI [linux/windows] {: #travis-ci}
-
-To build Linux and Windows wheels on Travis CI, create a `.travis.yml` file in your repo.
-
-> .travis.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Travis CI, and push.
-
-Then setup a deployment method by following the [Travis CI deployment docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/deployment/), or see [Delivering to PyPI](deliver-to-pypi.md). For more info on `.travis.yml`, check out the [docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/).
-
-[`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example with a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
-
 ### CircleCI [linux/mac] {: #circleci}

 To build Linux and Mac wheels on CircleCI, create a `.circleci/config.yml` file in your repo,
@@ -117,20 +103,6 @@ Commit this file, and push to Gitlab. The pipeline should start automatically.

 Gitlab will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the Pipelines view. Check out the Gitlab [docs](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/) for more info on this config file.

-### Cirrus CI [linux/mac/windows] {: #cirrus-ci}
-
-To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on Cirrus CI, create a `.cirrus.yml` file in your repo,
-
-> .cirrus.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/cirrus-ci-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Cirrus CI, and push.
-
-Cirrus CI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the individual task view. Check out the Cirrus CI [docs](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/) for more info on this config file.
-
 > ⚠️ Got an error? Check the [FAQ](faq.md).

 ### Other CI services
@@ -139,6 +111,10 @@ Cirrus CI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the ind

 Appveyor official support was dropped in cibuildwheel v3.0, due to a lack of CI credits. However, it can probably still be used as-is. Check the Appveyor example from the cibuildwheel v2.0 branch: [appveyor-minimal.yml](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/v2.23.3/examples/appveyor-minimal.yml).

+### Cirrus CI [linux/mac/windows] {: #cirrus-ci}
+
+Due to Cirrus CI [end-of-life](https://cirruslabs.org) on June 1, 2026, we no longer officially support this service.
+
 ## Next steps

 Once you've got the wheel building successfully, you might want to set up [testing](options.md#test-command) or [automatic releases to PyPI](deliver-to-pypi.md#automatic-method).
@@ -30,17 +30,6 @@ cibuildwheel to run tests, add the following YAML to your CI config file:
      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
    ```

-!!! tab "Travis CI"
-
-    > .travis.yml ([docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/environment-variables/))
-
-    ```yaml
-    env:
-      global:
-        - CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES=pytest
-        - CIBW_TEST_COMMAND="pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
 !!! tab "CircleCI"

    > .circleci/config.yml ([docs](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/configuration-reference/#environment))
@@ -64,22 +53,12 @@ cibuildwheel to run tests, add the following YAML to your CI config file:
        CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
    ```

-!!! tab "Cirrus CI"
-
-    > .cirrus.yml ([docs](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/#environment-variables))
-
-    ```yaml
-    env:
-      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
-      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
 ## Configuration file {: #configuration-file}

 You can configure cibuildwheel with a config file, such as `pyproject.toml`.
 Options have the same names as the environment variable overrides, but are
 placed in `[tool.cibuildwheel]` and are lower case, with dashes, following
-common [TOML][https://toml.io] practice. Anything placed in subsections `linux`, `windows`,
+common [TOML](https://toml.io) practice. Anything placed in subsections `linux`, `windows`,
 `macos`, or `pyodide` will only affect those platforms. Lists can be used
 instead of strings for items that are naturally a list. Multiline strings also
 work just like in the environment variables. Environment variables will take
@@ -112,7 +91,8 @@ The complete set of defaults for the current version of cibuildwheel are shown b

 One feature specific to the configuration files is the ability to override
 settings based on selectors. To use, add a ``tool.cibuildwheel.overrides``
-array, and specify a ``select`` string. Then any options you set will only
+array, and specify a ``select`` string, referencing the [build identifier](options.md#build-skip) (not wheel name!).
+Then any options you set will only
 apply to items that match that selector. These are applied in order, with later
 matches overriding earlier ones if multiple selectors match. Environment
 variables always override static configuration.
@@ -120,9 +100,11 @@ variables always override static configuration.
 A few of the options below have special handling in overrides. A different
 `before-all` will trigger a new container to launch on Linux, and cannot be
 overridden on macOS or Windows.  Overriding the image on linux will also
-trigger new containers, one per image. Some commands are not supported;
-`output-dir`, build/skip/test_skip selectors, and architectures cannot be
-overridden.
+trigger new containers, one per image.
+
+!!! note "Some commands are not supported"
+
+    The ``output-dir``, ``build``, ``skip``, ``test_skip`` selectors, and architectures cannot be overridden.

 You can specify a table of overrides in `inherit={}`, any list or table in this
 list will inherit from previous overrides or the main configuration. The valid
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
            "travisci",
            "circleci",
            "gitlab",
-            "cirrusci",
            "azurepipelines"
          ]
        }
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@
      "ci_config": { "type": "string" },
      "os": {
        "type": "array",
-        "items": { "enum": ["windows", "apple", "linux"] }
+        "items": { "enum": ["windows", "apple", "linux", "android", "ios", "pyodide"] }
      }
    },
    "required": ["name", "gh", "ci", "os"]
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 # gh: GitHub repo (eventually a url: could be added for non-github projects)
 # stars: GitHub repo (optional, if different from package, such as for Twisted)
 # pypi: The pypi name, if different from the GitHub package name
-# os: Operating system list, [windows, apple, linux] (optional)
-# ci: [github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci, cirrusci] (optional)
+# os: Operating system list, [windows, apple, linux, android, ios, pyodide] (optional)
+# ci: [github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci] (optional)
 # notes: (text, optional)

 - name: abess
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  gh: matplotlib/matplotlib
  notes: The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions
  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]

 - name: pyinstrument
  gh: joerick/pyinstrument
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@
 - name: pybase64
  gh: mayeut/pybase64
  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, android, ios, pyodide]
+  notes: setuptools backend with custom CMake step for external sources. SBOM embedded via a custom repair step.

 - name: KDEpy
  gh: tommyod/KDEpy
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
 - name: scikit-learn
  gh: scikit-learn/scikit-learn
  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]
  ci_config: .github/workflows/wheels.yml
  notes: |
    The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@
 - name: scikit-image
  gh: scikit-image/scikit-image
  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]
  ci_config: .github/workflows/cibuildwheel.yml
  notes: |
    Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project
@@ -172,13 +172,13 @@

 - name: pyzmq
  gh: zeromq/pyzmq
-  ci: [github, circleci]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, android]
  ci_config: .github/workflows/wheels.yml
  notes: |
    Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library.
    Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy.
-    ARM wheels for linux are built natively on CircleCI.
+    ARM wheels for linux are built natively on GitHub Actions.

 - name: python-rapidjson
  gh: python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
@@ -194,17 +194,17 @@
 - name: pybind11 python_example
  gh: pybind/python_example
  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]

 - name: pybind11 cmake_example
  gh: pybind/cmake_example
  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]

 - name: pybind11 scikit_build_example
  gh: pybind/scikit_build_example
  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]

 - name: pybind11 cross build example
  gh: wbarnha/pybind_cmake_example_crossbuild
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
 - name: iminuit
  gh: scikit-hep/iminuit
  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]

 - name: pyjet
  gh: scikit-hep/pyjet
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
 - name: boost-histogram
  gh: scikit-hep/boost-histogram
  ci: [github, travisci]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]
  notes: Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs.

 - name: Rtree
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@
 - name: sourmash
  gh: sourmash-bio/sourmash
  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows, pyodide]

 - name: markupsafe
  gh: pallets/markupsafe
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@
 - name: pillow-heif
  gh: bigcat88/pillow_heif
  pypi: pillow-heif
-  ci: [github, cirrusci]
+  ci: [github]
  os: [apple, linux, windows]
  notes: Bindings to libheif library with third party dependencies. Fully automated CI for tests and publishing including Apple Silicon builds.

@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@
 - name: NumPy
  gh: numpy/numpy
  ci: [github, travisci]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]

 - name: Wrapt
  gh: GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>Android icon</title><path d="M17.523 15.3414c-.5511 0-.9993-.4486-.9993-.9997s.4483-.9993.9993-.9993c.5511 0 .9993.4483.9993.9993.0001.5511-.4482.9997-.9993.9997m-11.046 0c-.5511 0-.9993-.4486-.9993-.9997s.4482-.9993.9993-.9993c.5511 0 .9993.4483.9993.9993 0 .5511-.4483.9997-.9993.9997m11.4045-6.02l1.9973-3.4592a.416.416 0 00-.1521-.5676.416.416 0 00-.5676.1521l-2.0223 3.503C15.5902 8.2439 13.8533 7.8508 12 7.8508s-3.5902.3931-5.1367 1.0989L4.841 5.4467a.4161.4161 0 00-.5677-.1521.4157.4157 0 00-.1521.5676l1.9973 3.4592C2.6889 11.1867.3432 14.6589 0 18.761h24c-.3435-4.1021-2.6892-7.5743-6.1185-9.4396"/></svg>
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>Cirrus CI icon</title><path d="M19.422.453a1.113 1.113 0 0 0-1.113 1.115 1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.112 1.114c1.31 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.04 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 8.52a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.117h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 15.48a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.112h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 22.432a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.115h18.31a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 .206-.022c2.42-.112 4.37-2.12 4.37-4.57 0-1.393-.642-2.634-1.63-3.478C23.356 14.632 24 13.393 24 12c0-1.393-.643-2.632-1.63-3.477C23.357 7.68 24 6.438 24 5.045c0-2.52-2.06-4.592-4.578-4.592z"/></svg>
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>iOS icon</title><path d="M1.1 6.05C.486 6.05 0 6.53 0 7.13A1.08 1.08 0 0 0 1.1 8.21C1.72 8.21 2.21 7.73 2.21 7.13C2.21 6.53 1.72 6.05 1.1 6.05M8.71 6.07C5.35 6.07 3.25 8.36 3.25 12C3.25 15.67 5.35 17.95 8.71 17.95C12.05 17.95 14.16 15.67 14.16 12C14.16 8.36 12.05 6.07 8.71 6.07M19.55 6.07C17.05 6.07 15.27 7.45 15.27 9.5C15.27 11.13 16.28 12.15 18.4 12.64L19.89 13C21.34 13.33 21.93 13.81 21.93 14.64C21.93 15.6 20.96 16.28 19.58 16.28C18.17 16.28 17.11 15.59 17 14.53H15C15.08 16.65 16.82 17.95 19.46 17.95C22.25 17.95 24 16.58 24 14.4C24 12.69 23 11.72 20.68 11.19L19.35 10.89C17.94 10.55 17.36 10.1 17.36 9.34C17.36 8.38 18.24 7.74 19.54 7.74C20.85 7.74 21.75 8.39 21.85 9.46H23.81C23.76 7.44 22.09 6.07 19.55 6.07M8.71 7.82C10.75 7.82 12.06 9.45 12.06 12C12.06 14.57 10.75 16.2 8.71 16.2C6.65 16.2 5.35 14.57 5.35 12C5.35 9.45 6.65 7.82 8.71 7.82M.111 9.31V17.76H2.1V9.31H.11Z"/></svg>
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<svg width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+<g clip-path="url(#clip0_101_23)">
+<path d="M19.4079 13.0863C19.4079 13.0645 19.4062 11.8768 19.4045 11.8551H24.0001V23.7707H12.0828V11.8551H16.6783C16.6783 11.8768 16.675 13.0645 16.675 13.0863M22.1191 22.4962H22.9376L21.6965 18.2782H20.4519L19.4296 22.4962H20.2231L20.4302 21.5573H21.8485L22.1174 22.4962H22.1191ZM17.7708 22.4962H18.5543L19.5599 18.2782H18.7865L18.17 21.1848H18.16L17.5753 18.2782H16.837L16.1855 21.1497H16.1755L15.6359 18.2782H14.8474L15.7562 22.4962H16.5547L17.1811 19.6246H17.1911L17.7708 22.4962ZM20.9264 19.3172H21.2588L21.6547 20.8657H20.5822L20.9264 19.3172Z" fill="#606060"/>
+<path d="M11.6935 5.17811C11.6935 6.94883 10.2234 8.5191 8.35247 8.5191H1.67049V11.8601H0V0.166626H8.35247C10.1399 0.166626 11.6433 1.65337 11.6935 3.50761V5.17811ZM10.023 3.50761C10.023 2.58884 9.27124 1.83712 8.35247 1.83712H1.67049V6.8486H8.35247C9.27124 6.8486 10.023 6.09688 10.023 5.17811V3.50761Z" fill="#606060"/>
+<path d="M18.8766 8.185V11.8601H17.2061V8.185L12.1946 2.67237V0.166626H13.8651V1.98746L18.0413 6.58132L22.2175 1.98746V0.166626H23.888V2.67237L18.8766 8.185Z" fill="#606060"/>
+</g>
+<defs>
+<clipPath id="clip0_101_23">
+<rect width="24" height="24" fill="white"/>
+</clipPath>
+</defs>
+</svg>
@@ -29,10 +29,11 @@ GitHub actions has pipx in all the runners as a supported package manager, as we
    name: Make SDist
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
      with:
        fetch-depth: 0  # Optional, use if you use setuptools_scm
        submodules: true  # Optional, use if you have submodules
+        persist-credentials: false # Highly recommended as a good security practice to not store credentials in disk, unless you need this for your specific use case

    - name: Build SDist
      run: pipx run build --sdist
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ Then, you need to publish the artifacts that the previous jobs have built. This
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
      with:
        pattern: cibw-*
        path: dist
@@ -71,12 +72,6 @@ for an example configuration that automatically uploads wheels to PyPI. Also see
 [scikit-hep.org/developer/gha_wheels](https://scikit-hep.org/developer/gha_wheels)
 for a complete guide.

-### TravisCI
-
-See
-[`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml)
-for an example configuration.
-
 ## Manual method

 On your development machine, install [pipx](https://pipx.pypa.io/) and do the following:
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 3"></div>
    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 4"></div>
    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 5"></div>
+    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 6"></div>
+    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 7"></div>
+    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 8"></div>
    <!-- the docker container outline -->
    <div class="grid-outline docker">
      <div class="outline">
@@ -17,11 +20,17 @@
    </div>
    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 4"><div class="outline"></div></div>
    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 5"><div class="outline"></div></div>
+    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 6"><div class="outline"></div></div>
+    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 7"><div class="outline"></div></div>
+    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 8"><div class="outline"></div></div>
    <!-- THE GRID CONTENT -->
    <!-- the row labels -->
    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 3">Linux</div>
    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 4">macOS</div>
    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 5">Windows</div>
+    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 6">Android</div>
+    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 7">iOS</div>
+    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 8">Pyodide</div>
    <!-- the column labels -->
    <div class="grid-column-label"
         style="grid-row: 1 / span 1; grid-column: 5 / -3">
@@ -86,7 +95,7 @@
      [
        {
          href: 'options/#before-all',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
          style: 'dot',
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_ALL',
@@ -104,11 +113,27 @@
            description: 'Install the version of Python required to build this wheel.'
          },
        },
+        {
+          label: 'Install Python & set up cross-compilation',
+          platforms: ['android', 'ios'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            description: 'Install Python for the build and target platforms, and set up a cross-compilation environment.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          label: 'Set up Pyodide xbuildenv',
+          platforms: ['pyodide'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            description: 'Install a base Python, set up a build virtualenv with pyodide-build, install the Pyodide cross-build environment and Emscripten toolchain.'
+          },
+        },
      ],
      [
        {
          href: 'options/#before-build',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
          style: 'dot',
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD',
@@ -121,12 +146,12 @@
        {
          label: 'Build wheel',
          href: 'options/#build-frontend',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
          style: 'block',
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND',
            tag: 'Customisable step',
-            description: 'Build the wheel according to your package configuration, using the frontend of your choice - pip or build.'
+            description: 'Build the wheel according to your package configuration, using the frontend of your choice – pip, build, or uv.'
          },
        },
      ],
@@ -154,23 +179,31 @@
          },
        },
        {
-          env: "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND",
+          label: 'Repair wheel',
          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
-          label: 'repair wheel',
-          platforms: ['windows'],
+          platforms: ['android'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Customisable step',
+            description: 'By default, bundles libc++ into the wheel if any shared library links against it, using patchelf. Can be overridden with a custom repair command.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
+          platforms: ['windows', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
          style: 'dot',
-          optional: true,
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
            tag: 'Optional step',
-            description: 'Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel'
+            description: 'Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.'
          },
        },
      ],
      [
        {
          href: 'options/#before-test',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
          style: 'dot',
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_TEST',
@@ -182,10 +215,10 @@
      [
        {
          label: 'Install wheel',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
          style: 'block',
          tooltip: {
-            description: 'Install the wheel we just built into the test virtualenv.'
+            description: 'Install the wheel we just built into the test environment.'
          },
        },
      ],
@@ -198,7 +231,40 @@
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND',
            tag: 'Optional step',
-            description: 'Execute a shell command to test each built wheel'
+            description: 'Execute a shell command to test each built wheel.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          label: 'Test on emulator',
+          href: 'options/#test-command',
+          platforms: ['android'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Optional step',
+            description: 'Run the test command on an Android emulator using the CPython testbed.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          label: 'Test on simulator',
+          href: 'options/#test-command',
+          platforms: ['ios'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Optional step',
+            description: 'Run the test command on an iOS simulator using the testbed app.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          label: 'Test in Node.js',
+          href: 'options/#test-command',
+          platforms: ['pyodide'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Optional step',
+            description: 'Run the test command in a Pyodide virtualenv powered by Node.js.'
          },
        },
      ],
@@ -219,26 +285,21 @@
    data() {
      return {
        diagram,
-        platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+        platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
      }
    },
    methods: {
      blockStyle(action) {
-        let start, end
-        if (action.platforms.includes('linux')) {
-          start = 3
-        } else if (action.platforms.includes('macos')) {
-          start = 4
-        } else if (action.platforms.includes('windows')) {
-          start = 5
-        }
+        const platformOrder = ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide']
+        const rowOffset = 3 // first platform starts at grid row 3

-        if (action.platforms.includes('windows')) {
-          end = 6
-        } else if (action.platforms.includes('macos')) {
-          end = 5
-        } else if (action.platforms.includes('linux')) {
-          end = 4
+        let start = null
+        let end = null
+        for (let i = 0; i < platformOrder.length; i++) {
+          if (action.platforms.includes(platformOrder[i])) {
+            if (start === null) start = rowOffset + i
+            end = rowOffset + i + 1
+          }
        }

        return {
@@ -413,7 +474,7 @@
  .grid-outline {
    grid-row-end: span 1;
    position: relative;
-    color: #8f8f8f;
+    color: #666666;
  }
  .grid-outline.docker {
    grid-row: 3 / span 1;
@@ -478,7 +539,7 @@
    font-weight: 500;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-size: 0.9em;
-    color: #C9C9C9;
+    color: #888888;
  }
  .tooltip-description {
    margin-top: 1px;
@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ fragmentRedirect([
  { source: 'setup/#appveyor', destination: 'ci-services/' },
  { source: 'setup/#circleci', destination: 'ci-services/' },
  { source: 'setup/#gitlab-ci', destination: 'ci-services/' },
-  { source: 'setup/#cirrus-ci', destination: 'ci-services/' },

  { source: 'faq/#linux-builds-in-containers', destination: 'platforms/#linux-containers' },
  { source: 'faq/#apple-silicon', destination: 'platforms/#macos-architectures' },
@@ -99,6 +99,21 @@ Second, there might be platforms you want to ship for that NumPy (or some other

 (Note the `*_ONLY_BINARY` variable also supports `":all:"`, and you don't need both that and `*_PREFER_BINARY`, you can use either one, depending on if you want a missing wheel to be a failure or an attempt to build in CI.)

+### Building with Meson-Python on Windows
+
+Meson generally works well with cibuildwheel, but there are a few things to be aware of:
+
+-   On GitHub Actions, the compiler that's chosen by default on Windows is often the MinGW compiler, rather than the MSVC toolchain that Python was compiled with.
+
+    The simplest fix for this is to configure cibuildwheel to pass the `--vsenv` flag to meson, like this:
+
+    ```toml
+    [tool.cibuildwheel.windows]
+    config-settings = { "setup-args" = "--vsenv" }
+    ```
+
+-   If you need to build 32-bit Windows wheels, you need to activate a 32-bit compiler toolchain before starting cibuildwheel. Many users use [ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd](https://github.com/ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd) for this purpose.
+
 ### Automatic updates using Dependabot {: #automatic-updates}

 Selecting a moving target (like the latest release) is generally a bad idea in CI. If something breaks, you can't tell whether it was your code or an upstream update that caused the breakage, and in a worst-case scenario, it could occur during a release.
@@ -110,11 +125,14 @@ There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:

 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.1.3
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.1
 ```

 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.

+!!! note "Minor version tags"
+    Unlike some GitHub Actions, cibuildwheel does **not** provide a floating `@v3` major-version tag, since our minor version change can add/remove wheels. You can, however, pin to a minor version such as `@v3.4` to automatically receive patch releases within that minor version. Dependabot (shown below) is the recommended way to stay up to date.
+
 Then, your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:

 ```yaml
@@ -132,7 +150,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `

 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==3.1.3
+cibuildwheel==3.4.1
 ```

 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
@@ -297,7 +315,7 @@ Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to use pipx:
 # most runners have pipx preinstalled, but in case you don't
 python3 -m pip install pipx

-pipx run cibuildwheel==3.1.3 --output-dir wheelhouse
+pipx run cibuildwheel==3.4.1 --output-dir wheelhouse
 pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```

@@ -22,3 +22,8 @@ This diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platform to bu
 %}

 This isn't exhaustive, for a full list of the things cibuildwheel can do, check the [options](options.md) page.
+
+!!! warning "A note on security"
+      Building and testing wheels executes arbitrary code from your project and its dependencies. Although cibuildwheel uses OCI containers and Pyodide for some builds, these provide no security guarantees - the code you're building and testing has full access to the environment that's invoking cibuildwheel.
+
+      If you cannot trust all the code that's pulled in, maintain good security hygiene: keep the job that builds distributions separate from the job that uploads them to PyPI, handle secrets and credentials with care and rotate them regularly, and follow the principle of least privilege when granting permissions. Do not store sensitive data on CI runners.
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import rich.console
 import rich.text


-def define_env(env: Any) -> None:
+def define_env(env: Any) -> None:  # noqa: ANN401
    "Hook function for mkdocs-macros"

-    @env.macro  # type: ignore[misc]
+    @env.macro  # type: ignore[untyped-decorator]
    def subprocess_run(*args: str) -> str:
        "Run a subprocess and return the stdout"
        env = os.environ.copy()
@@ -59,13 +59,14 @@ When setting the options, you can use shell-style globbing syntax, as per [fnmat
 | Python 3.10   | cp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp310-macosx_universal2<br/>cp310-macosx_arm64 | cp310-win_amd64<br/>cp310-win32<br/>cp310-win_arm64 | cp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-manylinux_i686<br/>cp310-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-musllinux_i686 | cp310-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp310-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp310-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp310-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp310-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp310-musllinux_riscv64 |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | Python 3.11   | cp311-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp311-macosx_universal2<br/>cp311-macosx_arm64 | cp311-win_amd64<br/>cp311-win32<br/>cp311-win_arm64 | cp311-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-manylinux_i686<br/>cp311-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-musllinux_i686 | cp311-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp311-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp311-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp311-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp311-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp311-musllinux_riscv64 |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | Python 3.12   | cp312-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp312-macosx_universal2<br/>cp312-macosx_arm64 | cp312-win_amd64<br/>cp312-win32<br/>cp312-win_arm64 | cp312-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp312-manylinux_i686<br/>cp312-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp312-musllinux_i686 | cp312-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp312-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp312-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp312-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp312-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp312-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp312-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp312-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp312-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp312-musllinux_riscv64 |                                                  |                                                                                                   | cp312-pyodide_wasm32 |
-| Python 3.13   | cp313-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp313-macosx_universal2<br/>cp313-macosx_arm64 | cp313-win_amd64<br/>cp313-win32<br/>cp313-win_arm64 | cp313-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp313-manylinux_i686<br/>cp313-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp313-musllinux_i686 | cp313-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp313-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp313-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp313-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp313-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp313-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp313-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp313-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp313-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp313-musllinux_riscv64 | cp313-android_arm64_v8a<br/>cp313-android_x86_64 | cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator | cp313-pyodide_wasm32 |
-| Python 3.14   | cp314-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp314-macosx_universal2<br/>cp314-macosx_arm64 | cp314-win_amd64<br/>cp314-win32<br/>cp314-win_arm64 | cp314-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp314-manylinux_i686<br/>cp314-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp314-musllinux_i686 | cp314-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp314-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp314-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp314-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp314-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp314-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp314-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp314-musllinux_riscv64 | cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator |                      |
+| Python 3.13   | cp313-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp313-macosx_universal2<br/>cp313-macosx_arm64<br><br>cp313t-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp313t-macosx_universal2<br/>cp313t-macosx_arm64 | cp313-win_amd64<br/>cp313-win32<br/>cp313-win_arm64<br><br>cp313t-win_amd64<br/>cp313t-win32<br/>cp313t-win_arm64 | cp313-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp313-manylinux_i686<br/>cp313-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp313-musllinux_i686<br><br>cp313t-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp313t-manylinux_i686<br/>cp313t-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp313t-musllinux_i686 | cp313-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp313-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp313-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp313-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp313-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp313-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp313-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp313-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp313-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp313-musllinux_riscv64<br><br>cp313t-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp313t-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp313t-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp313t-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp313t-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp313t-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp313t-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp313t-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp313t-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp313t-musllinux_riscv64 | cp313-android_arm64_v8a<br/>cp313-android_x86_64 | cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator | cp313-pyodide_wasm32 |
+| Python 3.14   | cp314-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp314-macosx_universal2<br/>cp314-macosx_arm64<br><br>cp314t-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp314t-macosx_universal2<br/>cp314t-macosx_arm64 | cp314-win_amd64<br/>cp314-win32<br/>cp314-win_arm64<br><br>cp314t-win_amd64<br/>cp314t-win32<br/>cp314t-win_arm64 | cp314-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp314-manylinux_i686<br/>cp314-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp314-musllinux_i686<br><br>cp314t-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp314t-manylinux_i686<br/>cp314t-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_i686 | cp314-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp314-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp314-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp314-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp314-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp314-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp314-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp314-musllinux_riscv64<br><br>cp314t-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp314t-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314t-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp314t-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp314t-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314t-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp314t-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp314t-musllinux_riscv64 | cp314-android_arm64_v8a<br/>cp314-android_x86_64 | cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator |                      |
 | PyPy3.8 v7.3  | pp38-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp38-macosx_arm64                               | pp38-win_amd64                                      | pp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp38-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp38-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | PyPy3.9 v7.3  | pp39-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp39-macosx_arm64                               | pp39-win_amd64                                      | pp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp39-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp39-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | PyPy3.10 v7.3 | pp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp310-macosx_arm64                             | pp310-win_amd64                                     | pp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp310-manylinux_i686                                                     | pp310-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | PyPy3.11 v7.3 | pp311-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp311-macosx_arm64                             | pp311-win_amd64                                     | pp311-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp311-manylinux_i686                                                     | pp311-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | GraalPy 3.11 v24.2 | gp311_242-macosx_x86_64<br/>gp311_242-macosx_arm64                             | gp311_242-win_amd64                                     | gp311_242-manylinux_x86_64                                                                              | gp311_242-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                                                                   |                      |
+| GraalPy 3.12 v25.0 | gp312_250-macosx_x86_64<br/>gp312_250-macosx_arm64                             | gp312_250-win_amd64                                     | gp312_250-manylinux_x86_64                                                                              | gp312_250-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                                                                   |                      |

 The list of supported and currently selected build identifiers can also be retrieved by passing the `--print-build-identifiers` flag to cibuildwheel.
 The format is `python_tag-platform_tag`, with tags similar to those in [PEP 425](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0425/#details).
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ Windows arm64 platform support is experimental.

 See the [cibuildwheel 2 documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/2.x/) for past end-of-life versions of Python.

-#### Examples
+#### Examples {: #build-skip-examples }

 !!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"

@@ -106,6 +107,12 @@ See the [cibuildwheel 2 documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/2.x/) for

    # Disable building PyPy wheels on all platforms
    skip = "pp*"
+
+    # Disable free-threading builds on all platforms
+    skip = "cp3??t-*"
+
+    # Disable free-threading builds on Windows
+    skip = "cp3??t-win*"
    ```

 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
@@ -137,12 +144,16 @@ See the [cibuildwheel 2 documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/2.x/) for

    # Disable building PyPy wheels on all platforms
    CIBW_SKIP: pp*
+
+    # Disable free-threading builds on all platforms
+    CIBW_SKIP: "cp3??t-*"
+
+    # Disable free-threading builds on Windows
+    CIBW_SKIP: "cp3??t-win*"
    ```

    Separate multiple selectors with a space.

-
-
    It is generally recommended to set `CIBW_BUILD` as an environment variable, though `skip`
    tends to be useful in a config file; you can statically declare that you don't
    support a specific build, for example.
@@ -344,13 +355,9 @@ values are:

 - `cpython-prerelease`: Enables beta versions of Pythons if any are available
  (May-July, approximately).
- `cpython-freethreading`: [PEP 703](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0703)
-  introduced variants of CPython that can be built without the Global
-  Interpreter Lock (GIL).  Those variants are also known as free-threaded /
-  no-gil. This will enable building these wheels for 3.13, which was considered
-  experimental.  The build identifiers for those variants have a `t` suffix in
-  their `python_tag` (e.g. `cp313t-manylinux_x86_64`). Starting in 3.14,
-  free-threaded builds are no longer experimental, so this enable is not needed.
+- `cpython-freethreading`: Enable experimental free-threaded builds for CPython 3.13.
+  Free-threading wheels for 3.14+ are available without this flag, as it's [no
+  longer considered experimental](https://peps.python.org/pep-0779/).
 - `pypy`: Enable PyPy.
 - `pypy-eol`: Enable PyPy versions that have passed end of life (if still available).
 - `graalpy`: Enable GraalPy.
@@ -368,7 +375,15 @@ values are:
    that version of Python will become available without this flag.

 !!! note
-    Free threading was experimental in 3.13: [What’s New In Python 3.13](https://docs.python.org/3.13/whatsnew/3.13.html#free-threaded-cpython)
+    [PEP 703](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0703) introduced variants of
+    CPython that can be built without the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL). Those
+    variants are also known as free-threaded / no-gil. The build identifiers for
+    those variants have a `t` suffix in their `python_tag` (e.g.
+    `cp313t-manylinux_x86_64`).
+
+    Free threading was [experimental in 3.13](https://docs.python.org/3.13/whatsnew/3.13.html#free-threaded-cpython), so it required an explicit enable flag. But, as noted above, free-threading doesn't require an enable flag for 3.14+.
+
+    For more info on building for free-threading, see the [Python Free-Threading Guide](https://py-free-threading.github.io/).

 Default: empty.

@@ -392,13 +407,9 @@ without disabling your other enables.

    ```toml
    [tool.cibuildwheel]
-    # Enable free-threaded support
+    # Enable free-threaded support for CPython 3.13
    enable = ["cpython-freethreading"]

-    # Skip building free-threaded compatible wheels on Windows
-    enable = ["cpython-freethreading"]
-    skip = "*t-win*"
-
    # Include all PyPy versions
    enable = ["pypy", "pypy-eol"]
    ```
@@ -410,18 +421,14 @@ without disabling your other enables.
    # Include latest Python beta
    CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease

-    # Include free-threaded support
+    # Include free-threaded support for CPython 3.13
    CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-freethreading

    # Include both
    CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading

-    # Skip building free-threaded compatible wheels on Windows
-    CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-freethreading
-    CIBW_SKIP: *t-win*
-
    # Include all PyPy versions
-    CIBW_ENABLE = pypy pypy-eol
+    CIBW_ENABLE: pypy pypy-eol
    ```


@@ -458,6 +465,7 @@ Options:
 - `build[;args: ...]`
 - `build[uv][;args: ...]`
 - `pip[;args: ...]`
+- `uv[;args: ...]`

 Default: `build`

@@ -467,12 +475,19 @@ You can use "build\[uv\]", which will use an external [uv][] everywhere
 possible, both through `--installer=uv` passed to build, as well as when making
 all build and test environments. This will generally speed up cibuildwheel.
 Make sure you have an external uv on Windows and macOS, either by
-pre-installing it, or installing cibuildwheel with the uv extra,
-`cibuildwheel[uv]`. uv currently does not support Windows on ARM,
-musllinux on s390x, Android, or iOS. Legacy dependencies like
-setuptools on Python < 3.12 and pip are not installed if using uv.
+pre-installing it, or installing cibuildwheel with the `uv` extra, which is
+possible by manually passing `cibuildwheel[uv]` to installers or by using the
+`extras` option in the [cibuildwheel action](ci-services.md#github-actions).
+uv currently does not support iOS or musllinux on s390x, ppc64le and riscv64.
+You can also use the `uv` backend directly; though currently multiple output
+files (from workspaces) are not supported.

-On Android and Pyodide, only "build" is supported.
+!!! note
+    There is currently a compatibility issue between GraalPy and uv. If you
+    are building GraalPy wheels, use `build` or `pip` as the build frontend
+    instead of `build[uv]` or `uv`.
+
+On Android and Pyodide, the "pip" frontend is not supported.

 You can specify extra arguments to pass to the build frontend using the
 optional `args` option.
@@ -504,6 +519,9 @@ optional `args` option.

    # Use uv and build with an argument
    build-frontend = { name = "build[uv]", args = ["--no-isolation"] }
+
+    # Use uv directly
+    build-frontend = "uv"
    ```

 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
@@ -520,6 +538,9 @@ optional `args` option.

    # Use uv and build with an argument
    CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: "build[uv]; args: --no-isolation"
+
+    # Use uv directly
+    CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: "uv"
    ```


@@ -565,6 +586,7 @@ A list of environment variables to set during the build and test phases. Bash sy
 You must use this variable to pass variables to Linux builds, since they execute in a container. It also works for the other platforms.

 You can use `$PATH` syntax to insert other variables, or the `$(pwd)` syntax to insert the output of other shell commands.
+Variables are evaluated in the order they appear. Any variable referenced before it is set will evaluate to an empty string.

 To specify more than one environment variable, separate the assignments by spaces.

@@ -612,6 +634,8 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>

    In configuration files, you can use a [TOML][] table instead of a raw string as shown above.

+[TOML]: https://toml.io/en/
+
 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"

    ```yaml
@@ -750,9 +774,9 @@ Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>
    here.](https://yaml-multiline.info).


-Note that `manylinux_2_31` builds occur inside a Debian derivative docker
+Note that `manylinux_2_31`/`manylinux_2_35` builds occur inside a Debian derivative docker
 container, where `manylinux2014` builds occur inside a CentOS one. So for
-`manylinux_2_31` the `before-all` command must use `apt-get -y`
+`manylinux_2_31`/`manylinux_2_35` the `before-all` command must use `apt-get -y`
 instead.

 ### `before-build` {: #before-build env-var toml}
@@ -887,6 +911,10 @@ Default:
 - on macOS: `'delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}'`
 - on Android: There is no default command, but cibuildwheel will add `libc++` to the
  wheel if anything links against it. Setting a command will replace this behavior.
+- on Pyodide: You can use `pyodide auditwheel repair --libdir /path/to/libraries --output-dir {dest_dir} {wheel}` command to repair the wheel.
+  Unlike other platforms, this command is not set by default as you need to explicitly
+  specify the library directory. You might not want to use the libraries in the system
+  directory, as they are not built for WASM and will not work.
 - on other platforms: `''`

 A shell command to repair a built wheel by copying external library dependencies into the wheel tree and relinking them.
@@ -898,6 +926,8 @@ The following placeholders must be used inside the command and will be replaced
 - `{dest_dir}` for the absolute path of the directory where to create the repaired wheel
 - `{delocate_archs}` (macOS only) comma-separated list of architectures in the wheel.

+You can use the `{package}` or `{project}` placeholders in your `repair-wheel-command` to refer to the package being built or the project root, respectively.
+
 The command is run in a shell, so you can run multiple commands like `cmd1 && cmd2`.

 Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
@@ -912,12 +942,6 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>

    [Delvewheel]: https://github.com/adang1345/delvewheel

-!!! tip
-    When using `--platform pyodide`, `pyodide build` is used to do the build,
-    which already uses `auditwheel-emscripten` to repair the wheel, so the default
-    repair command is empty. If there is a way to do this in two steps in the future,
-    this could change.
-
 #### Examples

 !!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
@@ -1027,7 +1051,7 @@ Set the Docker image to be used for building [manylinux / musllinux](https://git

 For `manylinux-*-image`, except `manylinux-armv7l-image` and `manylinux-riscv64-image`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux2014`, `manylinux_2_28` or `manylinux_2_34` to use a pinned version of the [official manylinux images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name.

-For `manylinux-armv7l-image`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux_2_31` or a custom image. Support is experimental for now. The `manylinux_2_31` value is only available for `armv7`.
+For `manylinux-armv7l-image`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux_2_31`, `manylinux_2_35` or a custom image. Support is experimental for now. The `manylinux_2_31` and `manylinux_2_35` values are only available for `armv7`.

 For `manylinux-riscv64-image`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux_2_39` or a custom image. Support is experimental for now. The `manylinux_2_39` value is only available for `riscv64`.

@@ -1231,7 +1255,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>

    [tool.cibuildwheel.pyodide]
    # Choose a specific pyodide-build version
-    dependency-versions = { packages = ["pyodide-build==0.29.1"] }
+    dependency-versions = { packages = ["pyodide-build==0.31.2"] }
    ```

 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
@@ -1250,7 +1274,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
    CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS: "packages: auditwheel==6.2.0"

    # Choose a specific pyodide-build version
-    CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS_PYODIDE: "packages: pyodide-build==0.29.1"
+    CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS_PYODIDE: "packages: pyodide-build==0.31.2"

    # Use shell-style quoting around spaces package specifiers
    CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS: "packages: 'pip >=16.0.0, !=17'"
@@ -1310,7 +1334,7 @@ The available Pyodide versions are determined by the version of `pyodide-build`
 ### `test-command` {: #test-command env-var toml}
 > The command to test each built wheel

-Shell command to run tests after the build. The wheel will be installed
+Command to run tests after the build. The wheel will be installed
 automatically and available for import from the tests. If this variable is not
 set, your wheel will not be installed after building.

@@ -1338,11 +1362,12 @@ tree. To access your test code, you have a couple of options:

 On all platforms other than Android and iOS, the command is run in a shell, so you can write things like `cmd1 && cmd2`.

-On Android and iOS, the command is parsed by `shlex.split`, and is required to
-be in one of the following forms:
+On Android and iOS, the command is parsed by `shlex.split`, and must be a Python
+command:

-* `python -c command ...` (Android only)
-* `python -m module-name ...`
+* On Android, the command must must begin with `python` or `python3`, and contain `-m`
+  or `-c`.
+* On iOS, the command must begin with `python -m`.

 Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_LINUX` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_ANDROID` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_IOS` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_PYODIDE`
@@ -1570,7 +1595,7 @@ tests. This can be used to avoid having to redefine test dependencies in
 `test-requires` if they are already defined in `pyproject.toml`.

 Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
-`CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_LINUX` | `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_PYODIDE`
+`CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_LINUX` | `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_ANDROID` | `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_IOS` | `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS_PYODIDE`

 #### Examples

@@ -1661,6 +1686,41 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
    CIBW_TEST_ENVIRONMENT: PYTHONSAFEPATH=1
    ```

+### `test-runtime` {: #test-runtime toml env-var }
+
+> Controls how the tests will be executed.
+
+On desktop environments, the tests are executed on the same machine/container as the wheel was built. However on Android and iOS, the tests are run inside a virtual machine – a simulator or emulator – representing the target.
+
+For these embedded platforms, a testbed project is used to run the tests. The `test-runtime` setting can define an `args` key that defines additional arguments that will be used when starting the testbed project.
+
+Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
+`CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_ANDROID` |`CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_IOS`
+
+#### Examples
+
+!!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
+
+    ```toml
+    [tool.cibuildwheel.ios]
+    # Run the tests on an iPhone 16e simulator running iOS 18.5.
+    test-runtime = { args = ["--simulator='iPhone 16e,OS=18.5'"] }
+
+    [tool.cibuildwheel.android]
+    # Run the Android tests on the minimum supported Android version.
+    test-runtime = { args = ["--managed", "minVersion"] }
+    ```
+
+!!! tab examples "Environment variables"
+
+    ```yaml
+    # Run the tests on an iPhone 16e simulator running iOS 18.5.
+    CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_IOS: "args: --simulator='iPhone 16e,OS=18.5'"
+
+    # Run the Android tests on the minimum supported Android version.
+    CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_ANDROID: "args: --managed minVersion"
+    ```
+

 ## Debugging

@@ -1705,19 +1765,24 @@ will not produce more logging about the build itself. Other levels only affect
 the build frontend output, which is usually things like resolving and
 downloading dependencies. The settings are:

-|             | build | pip    | desc                             |
-|-------------|-------|--------|----------------------------------|
-| -2          | N/A   | `-qq`  | even more quiet, where supported |
-| -1          | N/A   | `-q`   | quiet mode, where supported      |
-| 0 (default) |       |        | default for build tool           |
-| 1           |       | `-v`   | print backend output             |
-| 2           | `-v`  | `-vv`  | print log messages e.g. resolving info |
-| 3           | `-vv` | `-vvv` | print even more debug info       |
+|             | build | pip    | uv    | desc                             |
+|-------------|-------|--------|-------|----------------------------------|
+| -2          | `-qq`[^1] | `-qq`  | `-qq` | even more quiet, where supported |
+| -1          | `-q`[^1]  | `-q`   | `-q`  | quiet mode, where supported      |
+| 0 (default) |       |        |       | default for build tool           |
+| 1           |       | `-v`   |       | print backend output             |
+| 2           | `-v`  | `-vv`  | `-v`  | print log messages e.g. resolving info |
+| 3           | `-vv` | `-vvv` | `-vv` | print even more debug info       |
+
+[^1]: Not supported on Python 3.8, will be ignored with a warning.

 Settings that are not supported for a specific frontend will log a warning.
 The default build frontend is `build`, which does show build backend output by
 default.

+On Android and iOS, a positive verbosity level will also show more detailed logs from
+the test harness.
+
 Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_MACOS` | `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_LINUX` | `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_ANDROID` | `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_IOS` | `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_PYODIDE`

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ The only side effect to your system will be docker images being pulled.

 Linux wheels are built in [`manylinux`/`musllinux` containers](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) to provide binary compatible wheels on Linux, according to [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) / [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Because of this, when building with `cibuildwheel` on Linux, a few things should be taken into account:

-   Programs and libraries are not installed on the CI runner host, but rather should be installed inside the container - using `yum` for `manylinux2014`, `apt-get` for `manylinux_2_31`, `dnf` for `manylinux_2_28` and `apk` for `musllinux_1_1` or `musllinux_1_2`, or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building.
+-   Programs and libraries are not installed on the CI runner host, but rather should be installed inside the container - using `yum` for `manylinux2014`, `apt-get` for `manylinux_2_31` or `manylinux_2_35`, `dnf` for `manylinux_2_28` and `apk` for `musllinux_1_1` or `musllinux_1_2`, or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building.

    `cibuildwheel` supports this by providing the [`environment`](options.md#environment) and [`before-all`](options.md#before-all) options to setup the build environment inside the running container.

@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ macOS builds will honor the `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` environment variable to c
 | Arch  | Python version range | Minimum target |
 |-------|----------------------|----------------|
 | Intel | CPython 3.8-3.11     | 10.9           |
-| Intel | CPython 3.12+        | 10.13          |
+| Intel | CPython 3.12-3.13    | 10.13          |
+| Intel | CPython 3.14+        | 10.15          |
 | AS    | CPython or PyPy      | 11             |
 | Intel | PyPy 3.8             | 10.13          |
 | Intel | PyPy 3.9+            | 10.15          |
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ See [GitHub issue 1333](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/1333) for mo

 It's easiest to build `x86_64` wheels on `x86_64` runners, and `arm64` wheels on `arm64` runners.

-On GitHub Actions, `macos-14` runners are `arm64`, and `macos-13` runners are `x86_64`. So all you need to do is ensure both are in your build matrix.
+On GitHub Actions, `macos-14` runners are `arm64`, and `macos-15-intel` runners are `x86_64`. So all you need to do is ensure both are in your build matrix.

 #### Cross-compiling

@@ -178,13 +179,24 @@ If there are pre-releases available for a newer Pyodide version, the `pyodide-pr

 Currently, it's recommended to run tests using a `python -m` entrypoint, rather than a command line entrypoint, or a shell script. This is because custom entrypoints have some issues in the Pyodide virtual environment. For example, `pytest` may not work as a command line entrypoint, but will work as a `python -m pytest` entrypoint.

+### Repairing wheels
+
+Unlike other platforms, cibuildwheel does not set a default [`repair-wheel-command`](options.md#repair-wheel-command) for Pyodide. If your package links shared libraries, you need to explicitly configure the repair command using [`pyodide auditwheel`](https://github.com/pyodide/auditwheel-emscripten):
+
+```toml
+[tool.cibuildwheel.pyodide]
+repair-wheel-command = "pyodide auditwheel repair --libdir /path/to/libraries --output-dir {dest_dir} {wheel}"
+```
+
+The `--libdir` option specifies the directory containing cross-compiled shared libraries for WASM. You should not use the system library directories (e.g. `/usr/lib`), as those libraries are not built for WebAssembly.
+

 ## Android {: android}

 ### Prerequisites

 cibuildwheel can build Android wheels on any POSIX platform supported by the Android
-development tools, which currently means Linux x86_64, macOS ARM64 or macOS x86_64. Any
+development tools, which currently means Linux `x86_64`, macOS `ARM64` or macOS `x86_64`. Any
 of these platforms can be used to build wheels for any Android architecture supported by
 Python. However, *testing* wheels has additional requirements: see the section below.

@@ -205,7 +217,6 @@ It also requires the following commands to be on the `PATH`:

 * `curl`
 * `java` (or set the `JAVA_HOME` environment variable)
-* `patchelf` (if the wheel links against any external libraries)

 ### Android version compatibility

@@ -214,12 +225,15 @@ minimum supported [API level](https://developer.android.com/tools/releases/platf
 for generated wheels. This will default to the minimum API level of the selected Python
 version.

+If the [`repair-wheel-command`](options.md#repair-wheel-command) adds any libraries to
+the wheel, then `ANDROID_API_LEVEL` must be at least 24. This is already the default
+when building for Python 3.14 and later, but you may need to set it when building for
+Python 3.13.
+
 ### Build frontend support

-Android builds only support the `build` frontend. In principle, support for the
-`build[uv]` frontend should be possible, but `uv` [doesn't currently have support for
-cross-platform builds](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/7957), and [doesn't have
-support for iOS or Android wheel tags](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/8029).
+Android builds do not support the `pip` frontend. The `build`, `build[uv]`, and
+`uv` frontends work.

 ### Tests

@@ -228,16 +242,17 @@ machine – for example, if you're building on an ARM64 machine, then you can te
 ARM64 wheel. Wheels of other architectures can still be built, but testing will
 automatically be skipped.

+Any arguments specified using [`test-runtime`](options.md#test-runtime) will be passed as arguments to the Python script that starts the [testbed project](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Android/README.md#testing). cibuildwheel will automatically start the testbed project with `--site-packages` and `--cwd` arguments matching your test environment, as well as enabling verbose output with `-v` if [`build-verbosity`](options.md#build-verbosity) is enabled. The most common additional arguments to use will be `--managed minVersion` or `--managed maxVersion`, specifying the use of a managed Android emulator with the minimum or maximum supported Android version; or `--connected <serial>`, specifying the use of an existing booted Android emulator or device. By default, the testbed project will run with `--managed maxVersion`.
+
 Running an emulator requires the build machine to either be bare-metal or support
 nested virtualization. CI platforms known to meet this requirement are:

-* GitHub Actions Linux x86_64
+* GitHub Actions Linux `x86_64`

 On Linux, the emulator needs access to the KVM virtualization interface. This may
-require adding your user to a group, or [changing your udev
-rules](https://github.blog/changelog/2024-04-02-github-actions-hardware-accelerated-android-virtualization-now-available/).
-If the emulator fails to start, try running `$ANDROID_HOME/emulator/emulator
-accel-check`.
+require adding your user to a group, or changing your udev rules. On GitHub
+Actions, cibuildwheel will do this automatically using the commands shown
+[here](https://github.blog/changelog/2024-04-02-github-actions-hardware-accelerated-android-virtualization-now-available/).

 The Android test environment can't support running shell scripts, so the
 [`test-command`](options.md#test-command) must be a Python command – see its
@@ -253,7 +268,7 @@ to one of the following URLs:

 ## iOS {: #ios}

-### System requirements
+### System requirements {: #ios-system-requirements}

 You must be building on a macOS machine, with Xcode installed. The Xcode installation must have an iOS SDK available, with all license agreements agreed to by the user. To check if an iOS SDK is available, open the Xcode settings panel, and check the Platforms tab. This will also ensure that license agreements have been acknowledged.

@@ -302,7 +317,7 @@ iOS builds are *cross platform builds*, as it not possible to run compilers and

 ### Build frontend support

-iOS builds support both the `pip` and `build` build frontends. In principle, support for `uv` with the `build[uv]` frontend should be possible, but `uv` [doesn't currently have support for cross-platform builds](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/7957), and [doesn't have support for iOS (or Android) tags](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/8029).
+iOS builds support both the `pip` and `build` build frontends. In principle, support for `uv` and `build[uv]` frontends should be possible, but `uv` [doesn't support iOS fully yet](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/16724).

 ### Build environment

@@ -316,4 +331,6 @@ If tests have been configured, the test suite will be executed on the simulator

 The iOS test environment can't support running shell scripts, so the [`test-command`](options.md#test-command) value must be specified as if it were a command line being passed to `python -m ...`.

-The test process uses the same testbed used by CPython itself to run the CPython test suite. It is an Xcode project that has been configured to have a single Xcode "XCUnit" test - the result of which reports the success or failure of running `python -m <test-command>`.
+The test process uses the [same testbed used by CPython itself](https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/main/Apple/iOS#testing-python-on-ios) to run the CPython test suite. It is an Xcode project that has been configured to have a single Xcode "XCUnit" test - the result of which reports the success or failure of running `python -m <test-command>`.
+
+Any arguments specified using [`test-runtime`](options.md#test-runtime) will be passed as arguments to the Python script that starts the testbed project. The testbed project will be started with `-v` enabling verbose output if [`build-verbosity`](options.md#build-verbosity) is enabled; the most common additional argument to use will be `--simulator`, which allows the specification of a specific device or iOS version for the test simulator. By default, the testbed project will attempt to find an "SE class" simulator (i.e., an iPhone SE, iPhone 16e, or similar), running the newest iOS version available.
@@ -8,98 +8,99 @@ title: Working examples

 | Name                              | CI | OS | Notes |
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
-| [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
-| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
+| [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
-| [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
-| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
+| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
+| [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
-| [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
+| [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
-| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |
+| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [MemRay][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Memray is a memory profiler for Python |
 | [uvloop][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast asyncio event loop. |
 | [psutil][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python |
 | [Google Benchmark][]              | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A microbenchmark support library |
-| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
-| [Apache Beam][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Apache Beam is a unified programming model for Batch and Streaming data processing. |
+| [falcon][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Falcon is a no-magic ASGI/WSGI API and microservices framework; it uses cibuildwheel for (optional) Cython extensions. |
 | [PyGame][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🐍🎮 pygame (the library) is a Free and Open Source python programming language library for making multimedia applications like games built on top of the excellent SDL library. C, Python, Native, OpenGL. |
+| [Apache Beam][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Apache Beam is a unified programming model for Batch and Streaming data processing. |
+| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
 | [asyncpg][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio. |
 | [cmake][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [pyinstrument][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python profiler with a C extension. No external dependencies. |
-| [scikit-image][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project that uses Cython with platform-native code.  |
-| [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
+| [scikit-image][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project that uses Cython with platform-native code.  |
 | [cvxpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A Python-embedded modeling language for convex optimization problems. |
-| [twisted-iocpsupport][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] | A submodule of Twisted that hooks into native C APIs using Cython. |
+| [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
 | [pedalboard][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A Python library for working with audio data and audio plugins by wrapping the [JUCE](https://github.com/juce-framework/JUCE/) C++ framework. Uses cibuildwheel to deploy on as many operating systems and Python versions as possible with only one dependency (any NumPy).  |
-| [websockets][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Library for building WebSocket servers and clients. Mostly written in Python, with a small C 'speedups' extension module.  |
+| [twisted-iocpsupport][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] | A submodule of Twisted that hooks into native C APIs using Cython. |
 | [River][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🌊 Online machine learning in Python |
-| [aiortc][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebRTC and ORTC implementation for Python using asyncio. |
+| [websockets][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Library for building WebSocket servers and clients. Mostly written in Python, with a small C 'speedups' extension module.  |
 | [OpenSpiel][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | OpenSpiel is a collection of environments and algorithms for research in general reinforcement learning and search/planning in games. |
+| [aiortc][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebRTC and ORTC implementation for Python using asyncio. |
 | [Dependency Injector][]           | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Dependency injection framework for Python, uses Windows TravisCI |
 | [UltraJSON][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast JSON decoder and encoder written in C with Python bindings |
-| [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] ![circleci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy. ARM wheels for linux are built natively on CircleCI.  |
 | [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures. |
+| [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![android icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy. ARM wheels for linux are built natively on GitHub Actions.  |
 | [Implicit][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes GPU support for linux wheels |
 | [tinyobjloader][]                 | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tiny but powerful single file wavefront obj loader |
 | [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
 | [coverage.py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The coverage tool for Python |
-| [PyCryptodome][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A self-contained cryptographic library for Python |
 | [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
+| [PyCryptodome][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A self-contained cryptographic library for Python |
 | [PyAV][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries. |
 | [PyYAML][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] | Canonical source repository for PyYAML |
 | [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by QPDF |
 | [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, Pandas, PyTables and more |
+| [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
 | [Wrapt][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python module for decorators, wrappers and monkey patching. |
 | [h5py][]                          | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | HDF5 for Python -- The h5py package is a Pythonic interface to the HDF5 binary data format. |
 | [envd][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A machine learning development environment build tool |
-| [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
 | [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
 | [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
 | [aioquic][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | QUIC and HTTP/3 implementation in Python |
-| [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
 | [OpenTimelineIO][]                | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Open Source API and interchange format for editorial timeline information. |
+| [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
 | [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
 | [google neuroglancer][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebGL-based viewer for volumetric data |
 | [Parselmouth][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python interface to the Praat software package, using pybind11, C++17 and CMake, with the core Praat static library built only once and shared between wheels. |
-| [DeepForest][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | An Efficient, Scalable and Optimized Python Framework for Deep Forest (2021.2.1) |
-| [AutoPy][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [H3-py][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for H3, a hierarchical hexagonal geospatial indexing system |
+| [AutoPy][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [time-machine][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Time mocking library using only the CPython C API. |
+| [DeepForest][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | An Efficient, Scalable and Optimized Python Framework for Deep Forest (2021.2.1) |
 | [mosec][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A machine learning model serving framework powered by Rust |
 | [Picologging][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A high-performance logging library for Python. |
-| [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
 | [markupsafe][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup. |
 | [Rtree][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Rtree: spatial index for Python GIS |
+| [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
 | [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
 | [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
 | [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
+| [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
 | [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
-| [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
-| [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
+| [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
 | [abess][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions. |
 | [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
-| [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
+| [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
 | [jq.py][]                         | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for jq |
+| [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
 | [matrixprofile][]                 | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python 3 library making time series data mining tasks, utilizing matrix profile algorithms, accessible to everyone. |
 | [Tokenizer][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast and customizable text tokenization library with BPE and SentencePiece support |
-| [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
-| [iminuit][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Jupyter-friendly Python interface for C++ MINUIT2 |
-| [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] ![cirrusci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Bindings to libheif library with third party dependencies. Fully automated CI for tests and publishing including Apple Silicon builds. |
+| [iminuit][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Jupyter-friendly Python interface for C++ MINUIT2 |
+| [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Bindings to libheif library with third party dependencies. Fully automated CI for tests and publishing including Apple Silicon builds. |
 | [keyvi][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | FST based key value index highly optimized for size and lookup performance, utilizes ccache action for improved runtime |
 | [PyGLM][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Fast OpenGL Mathematics (GLM) for Python |
-| [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
-| [streaming-form-data][]           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Streaming parser for multipart/form-data written in Cython |
 | [power-grid-model][]              | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis |
-| [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast Base64 encoding/decoding in Python |
-| [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
-| [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
+| [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
+| [streaming-form-data][]           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Streaming parser for multipart/form-data written in Cython |
 | [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
+| [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![android icon][] ![ios icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | setuptools backend with custom CMake step for external sources. SBOM embedded via a custom repair step. |
+| [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
+| [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
 | [Python-WebRTC][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | a Python extension that provides bindings to WebRTC M92 |
-| [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
+| [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
 | [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
 | [Arbor][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Arbor is a multi-compartment neuron simulation library; compatible with next-generation accelerators; best-practices applied to research software; focused on community-driven development. Includes a [small script](https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor/blob/master/scripts/patchwheel.py) patching `rpath` in bundled libraries.  |
 | [clang-format][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels. |
@@ -107,107 +108,108 @@ title: Working examples
 | [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
 | [cf-units][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Units of measure as required by the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions |
+| [SiPM][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | High performance library for SiPM detectors simulation using C++17, OpenMP and AVX2 intrinsics. |
 | [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
+| [aalink][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Async Python interface for Ableton Link. |
 | [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
 | [ril][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A python binding to Rust Imaging library using maturin and Pyo3, utilizes Github Action cache to improve speed. Builds abi3 wheels. |
-| [SiPM][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | High performance library for SiPM detectors simulation using C++17, OpenMP and AVX2 intrinsics. |
 | [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
-| [aalink][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Async Python interface for Ableton Link. |
+| [werpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | An ultra-fast python package using optimized dynamic programming to compute the Word Error Rate (WER). |
 | [CorrectionLib][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Structured JSON powered correction library for HEP, designed for the CMS experiment at CERN. |
 | [xmlstarlet][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python 3.6+ CFFI bindings with true MSVC build. |
-| [werpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | An ultra-fast python package using optimized dynamic programming to compute the Word Error Rate (WER). |
 | [pybind11 cross build example][]  | ![github icon][] ![gitlab icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Same as pybind11 cmake_example but used to demo Linux ARM + Windows + macOS builds on GitLab |

 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
-[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
+[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
-[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
+[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
-[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton
+[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [MemRay]: https://github.com/bloomberg/memray
 [uvloop]: https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop
 [psutil]: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
 [Google Benchmark]: https://github.com/google/benchmark
-[vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
-[Apache Beam]: https://github.com/apache/beam
+[falcon]: https://github.com/falconry/falcon
 [PyGame]: https://github.com/pygame/pygame
+[Apache Beam]: https://github.com/apache/beam
+[vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
 [asyncpg]: https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg
 [cmake]: https://github.com/scikit-build/cmake-python-distributions
 [pyinstrument]: https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument
 [scikit-image]: https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image
-[PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
 [cvxpy]: https://github.com/cvxpy/cvxpy
-[twisted-iocpsupport]: https://github.com/twisted/twisted-iocpsupport
+[PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
 [pedalboard]: https://github.com/spotify/pedalboard
-[websockets]: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets
+[twisted-iocpsupport]: https://github.com/twisted/twisted-iocpsupport
 [River]: https://github.com/online-ml/river
-[aiortc]: https://github.com/aiortc/aiortc
+[websockets]: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets
 [OpenSpiel]: https://github.com/google-deepmind/open_spiel
+[aiortc]: https://github.com/aiortc/aiortc
 [Dependency Injector]: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 [UltraJSON]: https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson
-[pyzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq
 [CTranslate2]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/CTranslate2
+[pyzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq
 [Implicit]: https://github.com/benfred/implicit
 [tinyobjloader]: https://github.com/tinyobjloader/tinyobjloader
 [vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
 [coverage.py]: https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy
-[PyCryptodome]: https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome
 [Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
+[PyCryptodome]: https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome
 [PyAV]: https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV
 [PyYAML]: https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
 [pikepdf]: https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf
 [numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
+[Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
 [Wrapt]: https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
 [h5py]: https://github.com/h5py/h5py
 [envd]: https://github.com/tensorchord/envd
-[Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
 [OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
 [ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
 [aioquic]: https://github.com/aiortc/aioquic
-[SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
 [OpenTimelineIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenTimelineIO
+[SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
 [PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
 [google neuroglancer]: https://github.com/google/neuroglancer
 [Parselmouth]: https://github.com/YannickJadoul/Parselmouth
-[DeepForest]: https://github.com/LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
-[AutoPy]: https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy
 [H3-py]: https://github.com/uber/h3-py
+[AutoPy]: https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy
 [time-machine]: https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine
+[DeepForest]: https://github.com/LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
 [mosec]: https://github.com/mosecorg/mosec
 [Picologging]: https://github.com/microsoft/picologging
-[pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
 [markupsafe]: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
 [Rtree]: https://github.com/Toblerity/rtree
+[pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
 [KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
 [dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
 [tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
+[sourmash]: https://github.com/sourmash-bio/sourmash
 [python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
 [pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
-[sourmash]: https://github.com/sourmash-bio/sourmash
 [abess]: https://github.com/abess-team/abess
 [python-snappy]: https://github.com/intake/python-snappy
-[cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
+[Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
 [jq.py]: https://github.com/mwilliamson/jq.py
+[cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
 [matrixprofile]: https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile
 [Tokenizer]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/Tokenizer
-[Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
 [iminuit]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/iminuit
 [pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
 [keyvi]: https://github.com/KeyviDev/keyvi
 [PyGLM]: https://github.com/Zuzu-Typ/PyGLM
-[TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
 [iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
-[streaming-form-data]: https://github.com/siddhantgoel/streaming-form-data
 [power-grid-model]: https://github.com/PowerGridModel/power-grid-model
-[pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
-[bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
-[boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
+[TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
+[streaming-form-data]: https://github.com/siddhantgoel/streaming-form-data
 [Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
+[pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
+[boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
+[bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
 [Python-WebRTC]: https://github.com/MarshalX/python-webrtc
 [pybind11 scikit_build_example]: https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example
 [fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
@@ -217,15 +219,15 @@ title: Working examples
 [ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
 [etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
 [cf-units]: https://github.com/SciTools/cf-units
+[SiPM]: https://github.com/EdoPro98/SimSiPM
 [numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
+[aalink]: https://github.com/artfwo/aalink
 [pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
 [ril]: https://github.com/Cryptex-github/ril-py
-[SiPM]: https://github.com/EdoPro98/SimSiPM
 [GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd
-[aalink]: https://github.com/artfwo/aalink
+[werpy]: https://github.com/analyticsinmotion/werpy
 [CorrectionLib]: https://github.com/cms-nanoAOD/correctionlib
 [xmlstarlet]: https://github.com/dimitern/xmlstarlet
-[werpy]: https://github.com/analyticsinmotion/werpy
 [pybind11 cross build example]: https://github.com/wbarnha/pybind_cmake_example_crossbuild

 [github icon]: data/readme_icons/github.svg
@@ -233,10 +235,12 @@ title: Working examples
 [circleci icon]: data/readme_icons/circleci.svg
 [gitlab icon]: data/readme_icons/gitlab.svg
 [travisci icon]: data/readme_icons/travisci.svg
-[cirrusci icon]: data/readme_icons/cirrusci.svg
 [windows icon]: data/readme_icons/windows.svg
 [apple icon]: data/readme_icons/apple.svg
 [linux icon]: data/readme_icons/linux.svg
+[android icon]: data/readme_icons/android.svg
+[ios icon]: data/readme_icons/ios.svg
+[pyodide icon]: data/readme_icons/pyodide.svg

 <!-- END bin/projects.py -->

--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
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				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>Cirrus CI icon</title><path d="M19.422.453a1.113 1.113 0 0 0-1.113 1.115 1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.112 1.114c1.31 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.04 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 8.52a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.117h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 15.48a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.112h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 22.432a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.115h18.31a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 .206-.022c2.42-.112 4.37-2.12 4.37-4.57 0-1.393-.642-2.634-1.63-3.478C23.356 14.632 24 13.393 24 12c0-1.393-.643-2.632-1.63-3.477C23.357 7.68 24 6.438 24 5.045c0-2.52-2.06-4.592-4.578-4.592z"/></svg>