Bump version: v2.23.4

* [2.x] Update virtualenv URLs to avoid blob URLs

It looks like many people are hitting the HTTP 429 for old versions of cibuildwheel. These hosted versions of virtualenv should work, let's see...

* Write the correct version strings

* ci: some updates based on main branch

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

* ci: move to using latest images

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

* chore: fix up style checks

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

* ci: newer azure images too

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

* tests: use new SSL test from main

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

* Drop `build`'s installation from Pyodide build tools

---------

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Agriya Khetarpal <74401230+agriyakhetarpal@users.noreply.github.com>

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -1,30 +1,7 @@
-version: 2.1
-
-commands:
-  cibw_prepare_environment:
-    description: "Prepare the environment for testing."
-    steps:
-      - run:
-          name: Prepare the environment.
-          command: bash .circleci/prepare.sh
-  cibw_run_tests:
-    description: "Runs tests, with CIBW_ENABLE=all on the main branch"
-    steps:
-      - run:
-          name: Test
-          command: |
-            if [ "${CIRCLE_BRANCH}" == "main" ]; then
-              echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-              export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-            else
-              echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch test run."
-            fi
-
-            venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
-          no_output_timeout: 30m
+version: 2
 
 jobs:
-  osx-python312:
+  osx-python3.12:
     macos:
       xcode: 15.4.0
     resource_class: macos.m1.medium.gen1
@@ -32,10 +9,16 @@ jobs:
       PYTHON: python3
     steps:
       - checkout
-      - cibw_prepare_environment
-      - cibw_run_tests
 
-  linux-python312:
+      - run:
+          name: Prepare the environment.
+          command: bash .circleci/prepare.sh
+      - run:
+          name: Test.
+          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
+          no_output_timeout: 30m
+
+  linux-python3.12:
     docker:
       - image: cimg/python:3.12
     environment:
@@ -46,8 +29,14 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - checkout
       - setup_remote_docker
-      - cibw_prepare_environment
-      - cibw_run_tests
+
+      - run:
+          name: Prepare the environment.
+          command: bash .circleci/prepare.sh
+      - run:
+          name: Test.
+          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
+          no_output_timeout: 30m
 
   linux-aarch64:
     machine:
@@ -60,13 +49,19 @@ jobs:
       PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or main_tests or test_0_basic or test_docker_images"
     steps:
       - checkout
-      - cibw_prepare_environment
-      - cibw_run_tests
+
+      - run:
+          name: Prepare the environment.
+          command: bash .circleci/prepare.sh
+      - run:
+          name: Test.
+          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
+          no_output_timeout: 30m
 
 workflows:
   version: 2
   all-tests:
     jobs:
-      - osx-python312
-      - linux-python312
+      - osx-python3.12
+      - linux-python3.12
       - linux-aarch64

.cirrus.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ run_tests: &RUN_TESTS
   run_cibuildwheel_tests_script:
     - python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
+
 linux_x86_task:
   timeout_in: 120m
   compute_engine_instance:
@@ -15,15 +16,10 @@ linux_x86_task:
     platform: linux
     cpu: 8
     memory: 8G
-  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
+
   install_pre_requirements_script:
     - docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-    - add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
-    - apt-get update
-    - apt-get install -y python3.12-venv
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
+    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
   <<: *RUN_TESTS
 
 linux_aarch64_task:
@@ -34,15 +30,10 @@ linux_aarch64_task:
     platform: linux
     cpu: 4
     memory: 4G
-  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
+
   install_pre_requirements_script:
     - docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-    - add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
-    - apt-get update
-    - apt-get install -y python3.12-venv
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
+    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
   <<: *RUN_TESTS
 
 windows_x86_task:
@@ -55,32 +46,30 @@ windows_x86_task:
     memory: 8G
 
   install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.12.4
+    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.10.6
     - refreshenv
     - echo PATH=%PATH% >> "%CIRRUS_ENV%"
   <<: *RUN_TESTS
 
 macos_arm64_task:
   macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sequoia
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma
+
   env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
+    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/libexec/bin:$PATH
   install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - brew install python@3.12
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
+    - brew install python@3.10
   <<: *RUN_TESTS
 
 macos_arm64_cp38_task:
   macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sequoia
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma
+
   env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
-    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: --run-cp38-universal2 -k 'test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer or test_arch_auto or test_dummy_serial'
+    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/libexec/bin:$PATH
+    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: --run-cp38-universal2 -k 'test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer or test_arch_auto'
   install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - brew install python@3.12
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
+    - brew install python@3.10
     - curl -fsSLO https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
     - sudo installer -pkg python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg -target /
     - rm python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -7,11 +7,15 @@ on:
     types:
     - published
 
+permissions: {}
+
 jobs:
   dist:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - uses: hynek/build-and-inspect-python-package@v2
 
@@ -27,13 +31,13 @@ jobs:
       attestations: write
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
       with:
         name: Packages
         path: dist
 
     - name: Generate artifact attestation for sdist and wheel
-      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@db473fddc028af60658334401dc6fa3ffd8669fd # v2.3.0
+      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@a2bbfa25375fe432b6a289bc6b6cd05ecd0c4c32 # v4.1.0
       with:
         subject-path: "dist/cibuildwheel-*"
 

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -6,17 +6,14 @@ on:
       - main
       - 2.x
   pull_request:
-    types:
-      - opened
-      - synchronize
-      - reopened
-      - labeled
     paths-ignore:
       - 'docs/**'
       - .pre-commit-config.yaml
   workflow_dispatch:
     # allow manual runs on branches without a PR
 
+permissions: {}
+
 concurrency:
   group: test-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
@@ -26,12 +23,14 @@ jobs:
     name: Linters (mypy, flake8, etc.)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       id: python
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1
+    - uses: j178/prek-action@v1
     - name: PyLint checks
       run: pipx run --python "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
 
@@ -41,23 +40,23 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, windows-11-arm, macos-13, macos-15]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, macos-15-intel, macos-latest]
         python_version: ['3.13']
         include:
         - os: ubuntu-latest
-          python_version: '3.11'
-        - os: ubuntu-latest
-          python_version: '3.14'
+          python_version: '3.8'
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
 
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
 
     # free some space to prevent reaching GHA disk space limits
     - name: Clean docker images
@@ -69,35 +68,15 @@ jobs:
     # for oci_container unit tests
     - name: Set up QEMU
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
-    - uses: joerick/pr-labels-action@v1.0.9
-    - name: Set CIBW_ENABLE
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        if [[ "${{ github.ref_name }}" == "main" ]]; then
-          CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          # get the default CIBW_ENABLE value from the test module
-          CIBW_ENABLE=$(uv run --no-sync python -c 'import sys, test.utils as c; sys.stdout.write(c.DEFAULT_CIBW_ENABLE)')
-
-          # if this is a PR, check for labels
-          if [[ -n "$GITHUB_PR_LABEL_CI_PYPY" ]]; then
-            CIBW_ENABLE+=" pypy"
-          fi
-          if [[ -n "$GITHUB_PR_LABEL_CI_GRAALPY" ]]; then
-            CIBW_ENABLE+=" graalpy"
-          fi
-        fi
-        echo "CIBW_ENABLE=${CIBW_ENABLE}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
     - name: Generate a sample project
       run: |
-        uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
+        uv run -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
 
     - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
       uses: ./
@@ -107,6 +86,8 @@ jobs:
       env:
         CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64
         CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: 'build[uv]'
+        CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT: 1
+        CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS: 1
 
     - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action, only)
       uses: ./
@@ -141,14 +122,14 @@ jobs:
         test $(find wheelhouse_only -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
         test $(find wheelhouse_config_file -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with:
         name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
         path: wheelhouse/*.whl
 
     - name: Test cibuildwheel
       run: |
-        uv run --no-sync bin/run_tests.py ${{ (runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64') && '--run-podman' || '' }}
+        uv run bin/run_tests.py ${{ (runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64') && '--run-podman' || '' }}
 
   emulated-archs:
     name: Get qemu emulated architectures
@@ -157,11 +138,13 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       archs: ${{ steps.archs.outputs.archs }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
     - name: Get qemu emulated architectures
@@ -180,39 +163,43 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         arch: ${{ fromJSON(needs.emulated-archs.outputs.archs) }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
     - name: Set up QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
 
     - name: Run the emulation tests
       run: uv run --no-sync pytest --run-emulation ${{ matrix.arch }} test/test_emulation.py
 
   test-pyodide:
-    name: Test pyodide
+    name: Test cibuildwheel building Pyodide wheels
     needs: lint
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       name: Install Python 3.12
       with:
         python-version: '3.12'
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
     - name: Generate a sample project
       run: |
-        uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
+        uv run -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
 
     - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
       uses: ./
@@ -222,21 +209,7 @@ jobs:
       env:
         CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
 
-    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action) for an overridden Pyodide version
-      uses: ./
-      with:
-        package-dir: sample_proj
-        output-dir: wheelhouse
-        # In case this breaks at any point in time, switch to using the latest version
-        # available or any other version that is not the same as the default one set
-        # in cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml.
-      env:
-        CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
-        CIBW_BUILD: "cp312*"
-        CIBW_PYODIDE_VERSION: "0.27.6"
-
     - name: Run tests with 'CIBW_PLATFORM' set to 'pyodide'
-      run: |
-        uv run --no-sync ./bin/run_tests.py
+      run: uv run --no-sync ./bin/run_tests.py
       env:
         CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-name: Update dependencies
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - '.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml'
-      - 'bin/update_pythons.py'
-      - 'bin/update_docker.py'
-      - 'bin/update_virtualenv.py'
-      - 'bin/projects.py'
-      - 'docs/data/projects.yml'
-      - 'noxfile.py'
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '0 6 * * 1'  # "At 06:00 on Monday."
-
-jobs:
-  update-dependencies:
-    name: Update dependencies
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'pypa' || github.event_name != 'schedule'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-
-    # we use this step to grab a Github App auth token, so that PRs generated by this workflow
-    # run the GHA tests.
-    - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2
-      id: generate-token
-      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
-      with:
-        app-id: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_ID }}
-        private-key: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2025.05.01
-
-    - name: "Run update: dependencies"
-      run: nox --force-color -s update_constraints
-    - name: "Run update: python configs"
-      run: nox --force-color -s update_pins
-    - name: "Run update: docs user projects"
-      run: nox --force-color -s update_proj -- --auth=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-    - name: Create Pull Request
-      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
-      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v7
-      with:
-        commit-message: Update dependencies
-        title: '[Bot] Update dependencies'
-        body: |
-          Update the versions of our dependencies.
-
-          PR generated by "Update dependencies" [workflow](https://github.com/${{github.repository}}/actions/runs/${{github.run_id}}).
-        branch: update-dependencies-pr
-        sign-commits: true
-        token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
-        delete-branch: true
-        labels: |
-          CI: GraalPy
-          CI: PyPy
-          dependencies

.github/workflows/update-major-minor-tag.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Update the ${{ env.TAG_NAME }} tag
         id: update-major-minor-tag

.gitignore

@@ -84,7 +84,9 @@ celerybeat-schedule
 
 # virtualenv
 .venv
-venv*/
+venv/
+venv3/
+venv2/
 ENV/
 env/
 env2/
@@ -110,5 +112,8 @@ all_known_setup.yaml
 # mkdocs
 site/
 
+# Virtual environments
+venv*
+
 # PyCharm
 .idea/

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@ linux:
     # skip all but the basic tests
     # (comment the below line in a PR to debug a Gitlab-specific issue)
     PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
-  rules:
-    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
-      variables:
-        CIBW_ENABLE: "all"
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
     - docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
@@ -29,11 +25,7 @@ windows:
   variables:
     PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
   before_script:
-    - choco install python -y --allow-downgrade --version 3.12.4
-  rules:
-    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
-      variables:
-        CIBW_ENABLE: "all"
+    - choco install python -y --version 3.12.4
   script:
     - py -m pip install dependency-groups
     - py -m pip install -e. pytest-custom-exit-code $(py -m dependency_groups test)
@@ -42,13 +34,9 @@ windows:
     - saas-windows-medium-amd64
 
 macos:
-  image: macos-14-xcode-15
+  image: macos-latest-xcode-15
   variables:
     PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
-  rules:
-    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
-      variables:
-        CIBW_ENABLE: "all"
   script:
     - python3 -m pip install dependency-groups
     - python3 -m dependency_groups test | xargs python3 -m pip install -e. pytest-custom-exit-code

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -14,27 +14,29 @@ repos:
   - id: trailing-whitespace
 
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.11.12
+  rev: v0.8.0
   hooks:
   - id: ruff
     args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
   - id: ruff-format
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v1.16.0
+  rev: v1.13.0
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.11 on cibuildwheel/
-    args: ["--python-version=3.11"]
+    name: mypy 3.8 on cibuildwheel/
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py|bin/generate_schema.py$
+    args: ["--python-version=3.8"]
     additional_dependencies: &mypy-dependencies
       - bracex
       - dependency-groups>=1.2
-      - nox>=2025.2.9
+      - nox
       - orjson
       - packaging
       - pygithub
-      - pytest
+      - pytest<9
       - rich
+      - tomli
       - tomli_w
       - types-certifi
       - types-click
@@ -45,9 +47,9 @@ repos:
       - uv
       - validate-pyproject
   - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.13
+    name: mypy 3.12
     exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.13"]
+    args: ["--python-version=3.12"]
     additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
 
 - repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
@@ -61,33 +63,31 @@ repos:
     name: Disallow improper capitalization
     language: pygrep
     entry: PyBind|Numpy|Cmake|Github|PyTest
-    types: [markdown]
+    types:
+    - markdown
     exclude: ^docs/working-examples\.md$  # Autogenerated
-  - id: cog
-    name: Cog the README
+  - id: update-readme-changelog
+    name: Update README changelog
     language: python
-    pass_filenames: false
-    entry: cog -c -P -r -I ./bin README.md
-    files: '^(README\.md|docs/changelog\.md|docs/options\.md|bin/readme.*)$'
-    additional_dependencies: [cogapp]
+    entry: bin/update_readme_changelog.py
+    files: ^docs/changelog.md$
 
 - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-  rev: v2.4.1
+  rev: v2.3.0
   hooks:
   - id: codespell
-    args: ["-w"]
+    args: ["-L", "sur,assertin", "-w"]
     exclude: ^docs/working-examples\.md$  # Autogenerated
 
 
 - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-  rev: 0.33.0
+  rev: 0.29.4
   hooks:
     - id: check-dependabot
     - id: check-github-actions
     - id: check-github-workflows
     - id: check-gitlab-ci
-    # Disabled due to schema issue for now:
-    # - id: check-readthedocs
+    - id: check-readthedocs
     - id: check-travis
     - id: check-jsonschema
       name: Check projects

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ version: 2
 
 build:
   os: ubuntu-24.04
+  tools:
+    python: "3.12"
   commands:
-    - asdf install python 3.14-dev
-    - asdf global python 3.14-dev
     - asdf plugin add uv
     - asdf install uv latest
     - asdf global uv latest

.travis.yml

@@ -1,34 +1,36 @@
 os: linux
-dist: jammy
+dist: focal
 language: python
 
 branches:
   only:
   - main
 
-# only build the main branch or PR that explicitely want to test with Travis CI
-if: (type = "push") OR (commit_message =~ /travis-ci/)
-
 jobs:
   include:
-    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
+    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.9
+      python: 3.9
       services: docker
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        # a build using CIBW_ENABLE=all does not fit into Travis' time limit,
-        # so only the defaults are tested
+      env: PYTHON=python
 
-    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
+    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.9
+      python: 3.9
       services: docker
-      arch: arm64
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
+      arch: arm64-graviton2
+      group: edge
+      virt: vm
+      env: PYTHON=python
+      # docker is outdated in the arm64-graviton2 vm focal image (19.x)
+      # we need to upgrade to get >= 24.0
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          sources:
+            - sourceline: 'deb https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable'
+          packages:
+            - docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
 
-    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
+    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.9
+      python: 3.9
       services: docker
       arch: ppc64le
       allow_failure: True
@@ -37,30 +39,21 @@ jobs:
         # skip test_manylinuxXXXX_only, it uses too much disk space
         # c.f. https://travis-ci.community/t/running-out-of-disk-space-quota-when-using-docker-on-ppc64le/11634
         - PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "not test_manylinuxXXXX_only"'
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
 
-    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.12
+    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.9
       os: windows
       language: shell
       before_install:
-        # http://woshub.com/updating-trusted-root-certificates-in-windows-10
-        - certutil -generateSSTFromWU roots.sst
-        - powershell -Command 'Get-ChildItem -Path roots.sst | Import-Certificate -CertStoreLocation Cert:\LocalMachine\Root'
-        - rm -f roots.sst
-        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.12.8 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python312"
+        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.9.13 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python39"
       env:
-        - PYTHON=C:\\Python312\\python
-        # a build using CIBW_ENABLE=all does not fit into Travis' time limit,
-        # so only the defaults are tested
+        - PYTHON=C:\\Python39\\python
 
-    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
+    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.9
+      python: 3.9
       services: docker
       arch: s390x
       allow_failure: True
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
+      env: PYTHON=python
 
 install:
 - if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "linux" ]; then docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all; fi

CI.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 This is a summary of the host Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
 
-|         | 3.11                             | 3.12                                        | 3.13           |
-|---------|----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|----------------|
-| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ / Travis CI | GitHub Actions |
-| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  | CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹             | GitHub Actions |
-| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ / Travis CI             | GitHub Actions |
+|         | 3.8                              | 3.9       | 3.10      | 3.11    | 3.12                                             |
+|---------|----------------------------------|-----------|-----------|---------|--------------------------------------------------|
+| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | Travis CI | Cirrus CI |         | AppVeyor¹ / CircleCI¹ / GitHub Actions / GitLab¹ |
+| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  |           | Cirrus CI | GitLab¹ | AppVeyor¹ /CircleCI¹ / GitHub Actions            |
+| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | Travis CI | Cirrus CI |         | AppVeyor¹ / GitHub Actions / GitLab¹             |
 
 > ¹ Runs a reduced set of tests to reduce CI load
 
-Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.12.
+Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.9.

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 This project is licensed under the 'BSD 2-clause license'.
 
-Copyright (c) 2017-2025, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.
+Copyright (c) 2017-2023, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.
 
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

README.md

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ cibuildwheel
 [![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/cibuildwheel/badge/?version=stable)](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/?badge=stable)
 [![Actions Status](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/workflows/Test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions)
 [![Travis Status](https://img.shields.io/travis/com/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=travis)](https://travis-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel)
+[![Appveyor status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/gt3vwl88yt0y3hur/branch/main?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/joerick/cibuildwheel/branch/main)
 [![CircleCI Status](https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=circleci)](https://circleci.com/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [![Azure Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/pypa.cibuildwheel?branchName=main)](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=4&branchName=main)
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ cibuildwheel
 
 Python wheels are great. Building them across **Mac, Linux, Windows**, on **multiple versions of Python**, is not.
 
-`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, CircleCI, and GitLab CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.
+`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, and GitLab CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.
 
 
 What does it do?
@@ -23,29 +24,30 @@ What does it do?
 
 While cibuildwheel itself requires a recent Python version to run (we support the last three releases), it can target the following versions to build wheels:
 
-|                    | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x | manylinux<br/>musllinux armv7l | iOS | Pyodide |
-|--------------------|----|-----|-----|-----|-----|----|-----|----|-----|-----|---|-----|-----|
-| CPython 3.8        | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A |
-| CPython 3.9        | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A |
-| CPython 3.10       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A |
-| CPython 3.11       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A |
-| CPython 3.12       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | N/A | ✅⁴ |
-| CPython 3.13³      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | ✅ | N/A |
-| CPython 3.14³      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | ✅ | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.8 v7.3      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.9 v7.3      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.10 v7.3     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.11 v7.3     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| GraalPy 3.11 v24.2 | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | N/A  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+|                | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x | manylinux<br/>musllinux armv7l | Pyodide |
+|----------------|----|-----|-----|-----|-----|----|-----|----|-----|-----|---|-----|
+| CPython 3.6    | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A |
+| CPython 3.7    | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A |
+| CPython 3.8    | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A |
+| CPython 3.9    | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A |
+| CPython 3.10   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A |
+| CPython 3.11   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A |
+| CPython 3.12   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | ✅⁴ |
+| CPython 3.13³  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.7 v7.3  | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.8 v7.3  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.9 v7.3  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.10 v7.3 | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.11 v7.3 | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 
-<sup>¹ PyPy & GraalPy are only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
+<sup>¹ PyPy is only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
 <sup>² Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
-<sup>³ Free-threaded mode requires opt-in using [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable).</sup><br>
+<sup>³ Free-threaded mode requires opt-in using [`CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#free-threaded-support).</sup><br>
 <sup>⁴ Experimental, not yet supported on PyPI, but can be used directly in web deployment. Use `--platform pyodide` to build.</sup><br>
 <sup>⁵ manylinux armv7l support is experimental. As there are no RHEL based image for this architecture, it's using an Ubuntu based image instead.</sup><br>
 
-- Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+ (10.13+ for Python 3.12+), and Windows wheels for CPython, PyPy, and GraalPy
-- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
+- Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+ (10.13+ for Python 3.12+), and Windows wheels for CPython and PyPy
+- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
 - Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS through [auditwheel](https://github.com/pypa/auditwheel) and [delocate](https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
 - Runs your library's tests against the wheel-installed version of your library
 
@@ -56,18 +58,18 @@ Usage
 
 `cibuildwheel` runs inside a CI service. Supported platforms depend on which service you're using:
 
-|                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM | macOS ARM | Windows ARM | iOS |
-|-----------------|-------|-------|---------|-----------|-----------|-------------|-----|
-| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       | ✅        | ✅        | ✅          | ✅³  |
-| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       |           | ✅        | ✅²         | ✅³  |
-| Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅        |           |             |     |
-| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅        | ✅        |             | ✅³  |
-| Gitlab CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅¹       | ✅        |             | ✅³  |
-| Cirrus CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅        | ✅        |             |      |
+|                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM | macOS ARM | Windows ARM |
+|-----------------|-------|-------|---------|-----------|-----------|-------------|
+| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       | ✅        | ✅        | ✅²         |
+| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       |           | ✅        | ✅²         |
+| Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅        |           |             |
+| AppVeyor        | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |           | ✅        | ✅²         |
+| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅        | ✅        |             |
+| Gitlab CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅¹       | ✅        |             |
+| Cirrus CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅        | ✅        |             |
 
 <sup>¹ [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
-<sup>² [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup><br>
-<sup>³ Requires a macOS runner; runs tests on the simulator for the runner's architecture.</sup>
+<sup>² [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup>
 
 <!--intro-end-->
 
@@ -76,7 +78,6 @@ Example setup
 
 To build manylinux, musllinux, macOS, and Windows wheels on GitHub Actions, you could use this `.github/workflows/wheels.yml`:
 
-<!--generic-github-start-->
 ```yaml
 name: Build
 
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, macos-15-intel, macos-latest]
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -97,21 +98,19 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
 
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.0.0rc2
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.23.4
 
       - name: Build wheels
         run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
         # to supply options, put them in 'env', like:
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
-        #   ...
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
-<!--generic-github-end-->
 
 For more information, including PyPI deployment, and the use of other CI services or the dedicated GitHub Action, check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io) and the [examples](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/tree/main/examples).
 
@@ -124,47 +123,33 @@ The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platf
 
 <sup>Explore an interactive version of this diagram [in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/#how-it-works).</sup>
 
-
-<!--[[[cog from readme_options_table import get_table; print(get_table()) ]]]-->
-
-<!-- This table is auto-generated from docs/options.md by bin/readme_options_table.py -->
+Options
+-------
 
 |   | Option | Description |
-|---|---|---|
-| **Build selection** | [`platform`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#platform) | Override the auto-detected target platform |
-|  | [`build`<br>`skip`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip) | Choose the Python versions to build |
-|  | [`archs`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs) | Change the architectures built on your machine by default. |
-|  | [`project-requires-python`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#requires-python) | Manually set the Python compatibility of your project |
-|  | [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) | Enable building with extra categories of selectors present. |
-|  | [`allow-empty`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#allow-empty) | Suppress the error code if no wheels match the specified build identifiers |
-| **Build customization** | [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) | Set the tool to use to build, either "build" (default), "build\[uv\]", or "pip" |
-|  | [`config-settings`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) | Specify config-settings for the build backend. |
-|  | [`environment`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#environment) | Set environment variables |
-|  | [`environment-pass`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#environment-pass) | Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container. |
-|  | [`before-all`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-all) | Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built. |
-|  | [`before-build`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-build) | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
-|  | [`xbuild-tools`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#xbuild-tools) | Binaries on the path that should be included in an isolated cross-build environment. |
-|  | [`repair-wheel-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command) | Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel |
-|  | [`manylinux-*-image`<br>`musllinux-*-image`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) | Specify manylinux / musllinux container images |
-|  | [`container-engine`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) | Specify the container engine to use when building Linux wheels |
-|  | [`dependency-versions`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions) | Control the versions of the tools cibuildwheel uses |
-|  | [`pyodide-version`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#pyodide-version) | Specify the Pyodide version to use for `pyodide` platform builds |
-| **Testing** | [`test-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-command) | The command to test each built wheel |
-|  | [`before-test`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-test) | Execute a shell command before testing each wheel |
-|  | [`test-sources`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-sources) | Files and folders from the source tree that are copied into an isolated tree before running the tests |
-|  | [`test-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires) | Install Python dependencies before running the tests |
-|  | [`test-extras`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-extras) | Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require` |
-|  | [`test-groups`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-groups) | Specify test dependencies from your project's `dependency-groups` |
-|  | [`test-skip`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-skip) | Skip running tests on some builds |
-|  | [`test-environment`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-environment) | Set environment variables for the test environment |
-| **Debugging** | [`debug-keep-container`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#debug-keep-container) | Keep the container after running for debugging. |
-|  | [`debug-traceback`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#debug-traceback) | Print full traceback when errors occur. |
-|  | [`build-verbosity`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-verbosity) | Increase/decrease the output of the build |
+|---|--------|-------------|
+| **Build selection** | [`CIBW_PLATFORM`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#platform)  | Override the auto-detected target platform |
+|   | [`CIBW_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)  <br> [`CIBW_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)  | Choose the Python versions to build |
+|   | [`CIBW_ARCHS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs)  | Change the architectures built on your machine by default. |
+|   | [`CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#requires-python)  | Manually set the Python compatibility of your project |
+|   | [`CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons)  | Enable building with pre-release versions of Python if available |
+| **Build customization** | [`CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend)  | Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now) or "build" |
+|   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#environment)  | Set environment variables needed during the build |
+|   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#environment-pass)  | Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build. |
+|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-all)  | Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built. |
+|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-build)  | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
+|   | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command)  | Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`<br/>`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)  | Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux Docker images |
+|   | [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine)  | Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels |
+|   | [`CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)  | Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses |
+| **Testing** | [`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-command)  | Execute a shell command to test each built wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_TEST`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-test)  | Execute a shell command before testing each wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires)  | Install Python dependencies before running the tests |
+|   | [`CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-extras)  | Install your wheel for testing using extras_require |
+|   | [`CIBW_TEST_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-skip)  | Skip running tests on some builds |
+| **Other** | [`CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-verbosity)  | Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel |
 
-
-<!--[[[end]]] (checksum: 4d6a8418630e9ed43251973d93798a1b) -->
-
-These options can be specified in a pyproject.toml file, or as environment variables, see [configuration docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/configuration/).
+These options can be specified in a pyproject.toml file, as well; see [configuration](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#configuration).
 
 Working examples
 ----------------
@@ -179,26 +164,27 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
-| [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
+| [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
 | [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
-| [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
+| [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
 [pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
-[duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
+[duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
-[MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
+[MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 
+[appveyor icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/appveyor.svg
 [github icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/github.svg
 [azurepipelines icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/azurepipelines.svg
 [circleci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/circleci.svg
@@ -225,55 +211,46 @@ This is similar to static linking, so it might have some license implications. C
 Changelog
 =========
 
-<!-- [[[cog from readme_changelog import mini_changelog; print(mini_changelog()) ]]] -->
+<!-- START bin/update_readme_changelog.py -->
 
-### v3.0.0
+<!-- this section was generated by bin/update_readme_changelog.py -- do not edit manually -->
 
-Not yet released, but available for testing.
+### v2.23.4
 
-Note - when using a beta version, be sure to check the [latest docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/), rather than the stable version, which is still on v2.X.
+_16 March 2026_
 
-<!--
-note to self, when doing final release, change to docs URLs in this section to the stable version!
--->
+- 🐛 Fix HTTP 429 errors while downloading virtualenv from GitHub blob URLs – uses a https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ URL instead. (#2775)
 
-If you've used previous versions of the beta:
-- ⚠️ Previous betas of v3.0 changed the working directory for tests. This has been rolled back to the v2.x behaviour, so you might need to change configs if you adapted to the beta 1 or 2 behaviour. See [issue #2406](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2406) for more information.
-- ⚠️ GraalPy shipped with the identifier `gp242-*` in previous betas, this has been changed to `gp311_242-*` to be consistent with other interpreters, and to fix a bug with GraalPy and project requires-python detection. If you were using GraalPy, you might need to update your config to use the new identifier.
-- ⚠️ `test-sources` now uses `project` directory instead of the `package` directory (matching the docs).
+### v2.23.3
 
-#### v3.0.0rc2
+_26 April 2025_
 
-_6 June 2025_
+- 🛠 Dependency updates, including Python 3.13.3 (#2371)
 
-- 🛠 Updates to dependencies including Pyodide, python-build-standalone, and iOS support package. (#2449)
+### v2.23.2
 
-#### v3.0.0rc1
+_24 March 2025_
 
-_5 June 2025_
+- 🐛 Workaround an issue with pyodide builds when running cibuildwheel with a Python that was installed via UV (#2328 via #2331)
+- 🛠 Dependency updates, including a manylinux update that fixes an ['undefined symbol' error](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux/issues/1760) in gcc-toolset (#2334)
 
-- 🛠 Updates to dependencies including CPython 3.13.4, pyodide-build and iOS support package. (#2443)
+### v2.23.1
 
-#### v3.0.0b5
+_15 March 2025_
 
-_3 June 2025_
+- ⚠️ Added warnings when the shorthand values `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010`, `manylinux_2_24`, and `musllinux_1_1` are used to specify the images in linux builds. The shorthand to these (unmaintainted) images will be removed in v3.0. If you want to keep using these images, explicitly opt-in using the full image URL, which can be found in [this file](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/v2.23.1/cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg). (#2312)
+- 🛠 Dependency updates, including a manylinux update which fixes an [issue with rustup](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2303). (#2315)
 
-- ✨ Support multiple commands on iOS, joined by `&&`, like the other platforms. (#2432)
-- ✨ Add `pyodide-prerelease` enable option, with an early build of 0.28 (Python 3.13). (#2431)
-- 🛠 test-sources now uses the `project` directory instead of the `package` directory (matching the docs). (#2437)
-- 🛠 Fixed a bug with GraalPy if vsdevcmd prints an error. Cirrus CI works again. (#2414)
-- 🛠 Use the standard Schema line for the integrated JSONSchema. (#2433)
-- 📚 Use Python 3.14 color output in docs CLI output. (#2407)
+### v2.23.0
 
-#### v3.0.0b4
+_1 March 2025_
 
-_29 May 2025_
+- ✨ Adds official support for the new GitHub Actions Arm runners. In fact these worked out-of-the-box, now we include them in our tests and example configs. (#2135 via #2281)
+- ✨ Adds support for building PyPy 3.11 wheels (#2268 via #2281)
+- 🛠 Adopts the beta pypa/manylinux image for armv7l builds (#2269 via #2281)
+- 🛠 Dependency updates, including Pyodide 0.27 (#2117 and #2281)
 
-- 🛠 Dependency updates, including Python 3.14.0b2. (#2371)
-- 🛠 Remove the addition of `PYTHONSAFEPATH` to `test-environment`. (#2429)
-- 📚 README table now matches docs and auto-updates. (#2427, #2428)
-
-<!-- [[[end]]] (checksum: 48d3233c1809c1d7a93dc7291752b4d4) -->
+<!-- END bin/update_readme_changelog.py -->
 
 ---
 

action.yml

@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@ branding:
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
+    # Set up the version of Python that supports pyodide
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       id: python
       with:
-        python-version: "3.11 - 3.13"
+        python-version: "3.12"
         update-environment: false
 
     - id: cibw

appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Ubuntu2204
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python312-x64-ubuntu"
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2022
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python312-x64-vs2022"
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: macos-sonoma
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python312-x64-macos"
+
+stack: python 3.12
+
+build: off
+
+init:
+- ps: |
+      $BRANCH = if ($env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_HEAD_REPO_BRANCH) { $env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_HEAD_REPO_BRANCH } else { $env:APPVEYOR_REPO_BRANCH }
+      if (-not ($BRANCH -eq 'main' -or $BRANCH.ToLower().StartsWith('appveyor-'))) {
+        $env:PYTEST_ADDOPTS = '-k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code'
+      }
+      if ($IsLinux) {
+        docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
+      }
+
+install:
+  - python -m pip install -U pip
+  - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
+
+# the '-u' flag is required so the output is in the correct order.
+# See https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/24 for more info.
+test_script: python -u ./bin/run_tests.py
+
+branches:
+  only:
+    - main
+
+skip_commits:
+  files:
+    - docs/*

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -5,57 +5,38 @@ pr:
       - .pre-commit-config.yaml
 
 jobs:
-- job: linux_311
-  timeoutInMinutes: 180
-  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-22.04'}
+- job: linux_38
+  timeoutInMinutes: 120
+  pool: {vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'}
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.11'
+        versionSpec: '3.8'
     - bash: |
         docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
         python -m pip install dependency-groups
         python -m dependency_groups test | xargs python -m pip install -e.
-        if [ "$(Build.SourceBranch)" = "refs/heads/main" ]; then
-          echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-          export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch ($(Build.SourceBranch))."
-        fi
         python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
-- job: macos_311
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-13'}
-  timeoutInMinutes: 120
+- job: macos_38
+  pool: {vmImage: 'macos-latest'}
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.11'
+        versionSpec: '3.8'
     - bash: |
         python -m pip install dependency-groups
         python -m dependency_groups test | xargs python -m pip install -e.
-        if [ "$(Build.SourceBranch)" = "refs/heads/main" ]; then
-          echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-          export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch ($(Build.SourceBranch))."
-        fi
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py --num-processes 2
 
-- job: windows_311
-  pool: {vmImage: 'windows-2019'}
+- job: windows_38
+  pool: {vmImage: 'windows-latest'}
   timeoutInMinutes: 180
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.11'
+        versionSpec: '3.8'
     - bash: |
         python -m pip install dependency-groups
         python -m dependency_groups test | xargs python -m pip install -e.
-        if [ "$(Build.SourceBranch)" = "refs/heads/main" ]; then
-          echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-          export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch ($(Build.SourceBranch))."
-        fi
         python ./bin/run_tests.py

bin/bump_version.py

@@ -1,20 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 # /// script
-# dependencies = ["click", "packaging"]
+# dependencies = ["click", "packaging", "tomli; python_version<'3.11'"]
 # ///
 
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import glob
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
-import tomllib
 import urllib.parse
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import click
 from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
 
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    import tomli as tomllib
+else:
+    import tomllib
+
 config = [
     # file path, version find/replace format
     ("pyproject.toml", 'version = "{}"'),
@@ -22,6 +29,7 @@ config = [
     ("cibuildwheel/__init__.py", '__version__ = "{}"'),
     ("docs/faq.md", "cibuildwheel=={}"),
     ("docs/faq.md", "cibuildwheel@v{}"),
+    ("docs/setup.md", "cibuildwheel=={}"),
     ("examples/*", "cibuildwheel=={}"),
     ("examples/*", "cibuildwheel@v{}"),
 ]
@@ -82,7 +90,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
     actions = []
 
     for path_pattern, version_pattern in config:
-        paths = list(Path().glob(path_pattern))
+        paths = [Path(p) for p in glob.glob(path_pattern)]
 
         if not paths:
             print(f"error: Pattern {path_pattern} didn't match any files")
@@ -129,8 +137,8 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
         contents = contents.replace(find, replace)
         path.write_text(contents, encoding="utf8")
 
-    print("Files updated. If you want to update docs/changelog.md as part of")
-    print("this commit, do that now.")
+    print("Files updated. If you want to update the changelog as part of this")
+    print("commit, do that now.")
     print()
 
     while input('Type "done" to continue: ').strip().lower() != "done":

bin/generate_pyodide_constraints.py

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import sys
-import textwrap
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import click
-
-from cibuildwheel.extra import get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info
-
-
-@click.command()
-@click.argument(
-    "pyodide-version",
-    type=str,
-)
-@click.option(
-    "--output-file",
-    type=click.Path(),
-    default=None,
-    help="Output file to write the constraints to. If not provided, the constraints will be printed to stdout.",
-)
-def generate_pyodide_constraints(pyodide_version: str, output_file: str | None = None) -> None:
-    """
-    Generate constraints for a specific Pyodide version. The constraints are
-    generated based on the Pyodide version's xbuildenv info, which is retrieved
-    from the Pyodide repository.
-
-    These constraints should then be 'pinned' using `uv pip compile`.
-
-    Example usage:
-
-        bin/generate_pyodide_constraints.py 0.27.0
-    """
-    xbuildenv_info = get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info()
-    try:
-        pyodide_version_xbuildenv_info = xbuildenv_info["releases"][pyodide_version]
-    except KeyError as e:
-        msg = f"Pyodide version {pyodide_version} not found in xbuildenv info. Versions available: {', '.join(xbuildenv_info['releases'].keys())}"
-        raise click.BadParameter(msg) from e
-
-    pyodide_build_min_version = pyodide_version_xbuildenv_info.get("min_pyodide_build_version")
-    pyodide_build_max_version = pyodide_version_xbuildenv_info.get("max_pyodide_build_version")
-
-    pyodide_build_specifier_parts: list[str] = []
-
-    if pyodide_build_min_version:
-        pyodide_build_specifier_parts.append(f">={pyodide_build_min_version}")
-    if pyodide_build_max_version:
-        pyodide_build_specifier_parts.append(f"<={pyodide_build_max_version}")
-
-    pyodide_build_specifier = ",".join(pyodide_build_specifier_parts)
-
-    constraints_txt = textwrap.dedent(f"""
-        pip
-        build[virtualenv]
-        pyodide-build{pyodide_build_specifier}
-        click<8.2
-    """)
-
-    if output_file is None:
-        print(constraints_txt)
-    else:
-        Path(output_file).write_text(constraints_txt)
-        print(f"Constraints written to {output_file}", file=sys.stderr)
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    generate_pyodide_constraints()

bin/generate_schema.py

@@ -6,22 +6,17 @@
 
 import argparse
 import copy
-import functools
 import json
-import sys
 from typing import Any
 
 import yaml
 
-make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-    make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-parser = make_parser()
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 parser.add_argument("--schemastore", action="store_true", help="Generate schema_store version")
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
 starter = """
-$schema: http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#
+$schema: http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema
 $id: https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json
 $defs:
   inherit:
@@ -33,13 +28,9 @@ $defs:
     description: How to inherit the parent's value.
   enable:
     enum:
-      - cpython-experimental-riscv64
       - cpython-freethreading
       - cpython-prerelease
-      - graalpy
-      - pyodide-prerelease
       - pypy
-      - pypy-eol
   description: A Python version or flavor to enable.
 additionalProperties: false
 description: cibuildwheel's settings.
@@ -113,24 +104,7 @@ properties:
   dependency-versions:
     default: pinned
     description: Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses
-    oneOf:
-      - enum: [pinned, latest]
-      - type: string
-        description: Path to a file containing dependency versions, or inline package specifications, starting with "packages:"
-        not:
-          enum: [pinned, latest]
-      - type: object
-        additionalProperties: false
-        properties:
-          file:
-            type: string
-      - type: object
-        additionalProperties: false
-        properties:
-          packages:
-            type: array
-            items:
-              type: string
+    type: string
   enable:
     description: Enable or disable certain builds.
     oneOf:
@@ -145,6 +119,11 @@ properties:
     description: Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container
       during the build.
     type: string_array
+  free-threaded-support:
+    type: boolean
+    default: false
+    description: The project supports free-threaded builds of Python (PEP703)
+    deprecated: Use the `enable` option instead.
   manylinux-aarch64-image:
     type: string
     description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
@@ -166,9 +145,6 @@ properties:
   manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image:
     type: string
     description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  manylinux-riscv64-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
   manylinux-s390x-image:
     type: string
     description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
@@ -187,24 +163,15 @@ properties:
   musllinux-ppc64le-image:
     type: string
     description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  musllinux-riscv64-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
   musllinux-s390x-image:
     type: string
     description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
   musllinux-x86_64-image:
     type: string
     description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  xbuild-tools:
-    description: Binaries on the path that should be included in an isolated cross-build environment
-    type: string_array
-  pyodide-version:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify the version of Pyodide to use
   repair-wheel-command:
-    description: Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.
     type: string_array
+    description: Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.
   skip:
     description: Choose the Python versions to skip.
     type: string_array
@@ -214,9 +181,6 @@ properties:
   test-extras:
     description: Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require`
     type: string_array
-  test-sources:
-    description: Test files that are required by the test environment
-    type: string_array
   test-groups:
     description: Install extra groups when testing
     type: string_array
@@ -226,9 +190,6 @@ properties:
   test-skip:
     description: Skip running tests on some builds.
     type: string_array
-  test-environment:
-    description: Set environment variables for the test environment
-    type: string_table
 """
 
 schema = yaml.safe_load(starter)
@@ -297,7 +258,6 @@ items:
       properties:
         before-all: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         before-build: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        xbuild-tools: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         before-test: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         config-settings: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         container-engine: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
@@ -306,19 +266,18 @@ items:
         repair-wheel-command: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         test-command: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         test-extras: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        test-sources: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         test-requires: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        test-environment: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
 """
 )
 
 for key, value in schema["properties"].items():
-    value["title"] = f"CIBW_{key.replace('-', '_').upper()}"
+    value["title"] = f'CIBW_{key.replace("-", "_").upper()}'
 
 non_global_options = {k: {"$ref": f"#/properties/{k}"} for k in schema["properties"]}
 del non_global_options["build"]
 del non_global_options["skip"]
 del non_global_options["test-skip"]
+del non_global_options["free-threaded-support"]
 del non_global_options["enable"]
 
 overrides["items"]["properties"]["select"]["oneOf"] = string_array
@@ -348,7 +307,6 @@ oses = {
     "windows": as_object(not_linux),
     "macos": as_object(not_linux),
     "pyodide": as_object(not_linux),
-    "ios": as_object(not_linux),
 }
 
 oses["linux"]["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"] = {
@@ -367,6 +325,7 @@ schema["properties"] |= oses
 
 if args.schemastore:
     schema["$id"] = "https://json.schemastore.org/partial-cibuildwheel.json"
+    schema["$schema"] = "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"
     schema["description"] = (
         "cibuildwheel's toml file, generated with ./bin/generate_schema.py --schemastore from cibuildwheel."
     )

bin/inspect_all_known_projects.py

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ This will cache the results to all_known_setup.yaml; you can reprint
 the results without the `--online` setting.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import ast
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
 from pathlib import Path

bin/make_dependency_update_pr.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
 import subprocess
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ def main() -> None:
             f"""
             Update the versions of our dependencies.
 
-            PR generated by `{Path(__file__).name}`.
+            PR generated by `{os.path.basename(__file__)}`.
             """
         )
         subprocess.run(

bin/projects.py

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ Suggested usage:
     git diff
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import builtins
 import functools
 import textwrap
@@ -26,13 +28,14 @@ from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
 from datetime import datetime
 from io import StringIO
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Self, TextIO
+from typing import Any, TextIO
 
 import click
 import yaml
 from github import Github, GithubException
 
 ICONS = (
+    "appveyor",
     "github",
     "azurepipelines",
     "circleci",
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ class Project:
         name_len = len(self.name) + 4
         self.__class__.NAME = max(self.__class__.NAME, name_len)
 
-    def __lt__(self, other: Self) -> bool:
+    def __lt__(self, other: Project) -> bool:
         if self.online:
             return self.num_stars < other.num_stars
         else:
@@ -92,8 +95,8 @@ class Project:
     def header(cls) -> str:
         return textwrap.dedent(
             f"""\
-                | {"Name":{cls.NAME}} | CI | OS | Notes |
-                |{"":-^{cls.NAME + 2}}|----|----|:------|"""
+                | {'Name':{cls.NAME}} | CI | OS | Notes |
+                |{'':-^{cls.NAME+2  }}|----|----|:------|"""
         )
 
     @property
@@ -135,7 +138,6 @@ def fetch_icon(icon_name: str) -> None:
 
     document = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(original_svg_data)
     svgElement = document.documentElement
-    assert svgElement is not None
     assert svgElement.nodeName == "svg"
     svgElement.setAttribute("width", "16px")
     svgElement.setAttribute("fill", "#606060")
@@ -217,7 +219,7 @@ def insert_projects_table(
 
     generated_note = f"<!-- this section is generated by bin/projects.py. Don't edit it directly, instead, edit {input_filename} -->"
     new_text = (
-        f"{text[: start + len(start_str)]}\n{generated_note}\n\n{projects_table}\n{text[end:]}"
+        f"{text[:start + len(start_str)]}\n{generated_note}\n\n{projects_table}\n{text[end:]}"
     )
 
     file.write_text(new_text)

bin/readme_changelog.py

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import re
-from pathlib import Path
-
-PROJECT_ROOT = Path(__file__).parent / ".."
-CHANGELOG_FILE = PROJECT_ROOT / "docs" / "changelog.md"
-
-# https://regexr.com/622ds
-FIRST_5_CHANGELOG_ENTRIES_REGEX = re.compile(r"""(^###.*?(?=###)){5}""", re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
-
-
-def mini_changelog() -> str:
-    changelog_text = CHANGELOG_FILE.read_text()
-
-    mini_changelog_match = FIRST_5_CHANGELOG_ENTRIES_REGEX.search(changelog_text)
-    assert mini_changelog_match, "Failed to find the first few changelog entries"
-
-    return f"\n{mini_changelog_match.group(0).strip()}\n"
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    print(mini_changelog())

bin/readme_options_table.py

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import dataclasses
-import re
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Final
-
-DIR: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
-OPTIONS_MD: Final[Path] = DIR / "docs" / "options.md"
-
-SECTION_HEADER_REGEX = re.compile(r"^## (?P<name>.*?)$", re.MULTILINE)
-
-# https://regexr.com/8f1ff
-OPTION_HEADER_REGEX = re.compile(
-    r"^### (?P<name>.*?){.*#(?P<id>\S+).*}\n+> ?(?P<desc>.*)$", re.MULTILINE
-)
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(kw_only=True)
-class Option:
-    name: str
-    id: str
-    desc: str
-    section: str
-
-
-def get_table() -> str:
-    options_md = OPTIONS_MD.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-
-    sections = SECTION_HEADER_REGEX.split(options_md)[1:]
-
-    options = []
-
-    for section_name, section_content in zip(sections[0::2], sections[1::2], strict=True):
-        for match in OPTION_HEADER_REGEX.finditer(section_content):
-            option = Option(
-                name=match.group("name").strip(),
-                id=match.group("id").strip(),
-                desc=match.group("desc").strip(),
-                section=section_name.strip(),
-            )
-            options.append(option)
-
-    table_md = "\n<!-- This table is auto-generated from docs/options.md by bin/readme_options_table.py -->\n\n"
-    table_md += "|   | Option | Description |\n"
-    table_md += "|---|---|---|\n"
-    last_section: str | None = None
-
-    for option in options:
-        cells: list[str] = []
-
-        cells.append(f"**{option.section}**" if option.section != last_section else "")
-        last_section = option.section
-
-        url = f"https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#{option.id}"
-        name = option.name.replace(", ", "<br>")  # Replace commas with line breaks
-        cells.append(f"[{name}]({url})")
-
-        cells.append(option.desc)
-
-        table_md += "| " + " | ".join(cells) + " |\n"
-    table_md += "\n"
-
-    return table_md
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    print(get_table())

bin/run_example_ci_configs.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
 import shutil
@@ -8,13 +9,12 @@ import sys
 import textwrap
 import time
 import typing
+from glob import glob
 from pathlib import Path
 from urllib.parse import quote
 
 import click
 
-DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
-
 
 def shell(cmd: str, *, check: bool, **kwargs: object) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
     return subprocess.run([cmd], shell=True, check=check, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[call-overload, no-any-return]
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ class CIService(typing.NamedTuple):
 
 
 services = [
+    CIService(
+        name="appveyor",
+        dst_config_path="appveyor.yml",
+        badge_md="[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/gt3vwl88yt0y3hur/branch/{branch}?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/joerick/cibuildwheel/branch/{branch})",
+    ),
     CIService(
         name="azure-pipelines",
         dst_config_path="azure-pipelines.yml",
@@ -74,8 +79,9 @@ services = [
 ]
 
 
-def ci_service_for_config_file(config_file: Path) -> CIService:
-    filename = config_file.name
+def ci_service_for_config_file(config_file: str) -> CIService:
+    filename = Path(config_file).name
+
     try:
         return next(s for s in services if filename.startswith(s.name))
     except StopIteration:
@@ -92,16 +98,16 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
     """
 
     if len(config_files) == 0:
-        config_files = Path("examples").glob("*-minimal.yml")
+        config_files = glob("examples/*-minimal.yml")
 
     # check each CI service has at most 1 config file
-    configs_by_service = set()
+    configs_by_service = {}
     for config_file in config_files:
         service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
         if service.name in configs_by_service:
             msg = "You cannot specify more than one config per CI service"
             raise Exception(msg)
-        configs_by_service.add(service.name)
+        configs_by_service[service.name] = config_file
 
     if git_repo_has_changes():
         print("Your git repo has uncommitted changes. Commit or stash before continuing.")
@@ -122,17 +128,18 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
 
         for config_file in config_files:
             service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
+            src_config_file = Path(config_file)
             dst_config_file = example_project / service.dst_config_path
 
             dst_config_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            shutil.copyfile(config_file, dst_config_file)
+            shutil.copyfile(src_config_file, dst_config_file)
 
         subprocess.run(["git", "add", example_project], check=True)
         message = textwrap.dedent(
             f"""\
             Test example minimal configs
 
-            Testing files: {[str(f) for f in config_files]}
+            Testing files: {config_files}
             Generated from branch: {previous_branch}
             Time: {timestamp}
             """
@@ -167,5 +174,6 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    os.chdir(DIR)
+    os.chdir(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+    os.chdir("..")
     run_example_ci_configs(standalone_mode=True)

bin/run_tests.py

@@ -1,23 +1,16 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
-import functools
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    if sys.version_info < (3, 13):
-        default_cpu_count = os.cpu_count() or 2
-    else:
-        default_cpu_count = os.process_cpu_count() or 2
-
-    make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-        make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-    parser = make_parser()
+    default_cpu_count = os.cpu_count() or 2
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         "--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests (linux only)"
     )
@@ -42,53 +35,22 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         if args.run_podman:
             unit_test_args += ["--run-podman"]
 
-    print(
-        "\n\n================================== UNIT TESTS ==================================",
-        flush=True,
-    )
     subprocess.run(unit_test_args, check=True)
 
-    # Run the serial integration tests without multiple processes
-    serial_integration_test_args = [
-        sys.executable,
-        "-m",
-        "pytest",
-        "-m",
-        "serial",
-        "-x",
-        "--durations",
-        "0",
-        "--timeout=2400",
-        "test",
-        "-vv",
-    ]
-    print(
-        "\n\n=========================== SERIAL INTEGRATION TESTS ===========================",
-        flush=True,
-    )
-    subprocess.run(serial_integration_test_args, check=True)
-
-    # Non-serial integration tests
+    # integration tests
     integration_test_args = [
         sys.executable,
         "-m",
         "pytest",
-        "-m",
-        "not serial",
         f"--numprocesses={args.num_processes}",
         "-x",
         "--durations",
         "0",
         "--timeout=2400",
         "test",
-        "-vv",
     ]
 
     if sys.platform.startswith("linux") and args.run_podman:
         integration_test_args += ["--run-podman"]
 
-    print(
-        "\n\n========================= NON-SERIAL INTEGRATION TESTS =========================",
-        flush=True,
-    )
     subprocess.run(integration_test_args, check=True)

bin/sample_build.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
-import functools
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -13,10 +13,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     # move cwd to the project root
     os.chdir(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1])
 
-    make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-        make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-    parser = make_parser(description="Runs a sample build")
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Runs a sample build")
     parser.add_argument("project_python_path", nargs="?", default="test.test_0_basic.basic_project")
 
     options = parser.parse_args()

bin/update_docker.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import configparser
-import dataclasses
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import requests
@@ -11,48 +12,63 @@ DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
 RESOURCES = DIR.parent / "cibuildwheel/resources"
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class Image:
     manylinux_version: str
-    platforms: list[str]
+    platform: str
     image_name: str
-    tag: str | None = None  # Set this to pin the image
-    use_platform_suffix: bool = False
-
-
-class PyPAImage(Image):
-    def __init__(self, manylinux_version: str, platforms: list[str], tag: str | None = None):
-        image_name = f"quay.io/pypa/{manylinux_version}"
-        super().__init__(manylinux_version, platforms, image_name, tag, True)
+    tag: str | None  # Set this to pin the image
 
 
 images = [
+    # manylinux1 images
+    Image("manylinux1", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux1", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686", None),
+    # manylinux2010 images
+    Image("manylinux2010", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux2010", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686", None),
+    Image("manylinux2010", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux2010", "pypy_i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686", None),
     # manylinux2014 images
-    PyPAImage(
-        "manylinux2014",
-        [
-            "x86_64",
-            "i686",
-            "aarch64",
-            "ppc64le",
-            "s390x",
-            "pypy_x86_64",
-            "pypy_i686",
-            "pypy_aarch64",
-        ],
-    ),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "pypy_i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64", None),
+    # manylinux_2_24 images
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64", None),
     # manylinux_2_28 images
-    PyPAImage(
-        "manylinux_2_28", ["x86_64", "aarch64", "ppc64le", "s390x", "pypy_x86_64", "pypy_aarch64"]
-    ),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64", None),
     # manylinux_2_31 images
-    PyPAImage("manylinux_2_31", ["armv7l"]),
-    # manylinux_2_34 images
-    PyPAImage(
-        "manylinux_2_34", ["x86_64", "aarch64", "ppc64le", "s390x", "pypy_x86_64", "pypy_aarch64"]
-    ),
+    Image("manylinux_2_31", "armv7l", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l", None),
+    # musllinux_1_1 images
+    Image("musllinux_1_1", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_1", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_1", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_1", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_1", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x", None),
     # musllinux_1_2 images
-    PyPAImage("musllinux_1_2", ["x86_64", "i686", "aarch64", "ppc64le", "s390x", "armv7l"]),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "armv7l", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l", None),
 ]
 
 config = configparser.ConfigParser()
@@ -108,16 +124,10 @@ for image in images:
         )
         tag_name = pinned_tag["name"]
 
-    for platform in image.platforms:
-        if not config.has_section(platform):
-            config[platform] = {}
-        suffix = ""
-        if image.use_platform_suffix:
-            suffix = f"_{platform.removeprefix('pypy_')}"
-        config[platform][image.manylinux_version] = f"{image.image_name}{suffix}:{tag_name}"
+    if not config.has_section(image.platform):
+        config[image.platform] = {}
 
-if not config.has_section("riscv64"):
-    config["riscv64"] = {}
+    config[image.platform][image.manylinux_version] = f"{image.image_name}:{tag_name}"
 
 with open(RESOURCES / "pinned_docker_images.cfg", "w") as f:
     config.write(f)

bin/update_how_it_works_image.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -41,7 +42,8 @@ def main() -> None:
     )
 
     dest_path = Path("docs/data/how-it-works.png")
-    dest_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+    if dest_path.exists():
+        dest_path.unlink()
 
     Path(screenshot).rename(dest_path)
 

bin/update_nodejs.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-import dataclasses
 import difflib
 import logging
-import tomllib
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final
 
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
+from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
+
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
 
 # Looking up the dir instead of using utils.resources_dir
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ NODEJS_DIST: Final[str] = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
 NODEJS_INDEX: Final[str] = f"{NODEJS_DIST}index.json"
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
 class VersionTuple:
     version: Version
     version_string: str

bin/update_python_build_standalone.py

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import json
-
-from cibuildwheel.extra import github_api_request
-from cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone import (
-    PythonBuildStandaloneAsset,
-    PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData,
-)
-from cibuildwheel.util.resources import PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """
-    This script updates the vendored list of release assets to the latest
-    version of astral-sh/python-build-standalone.
-    """
-
-    # Get the latest release tag from the GitHub API
-    latest_release = github_api_request("repos/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/latest")
-    latest_tag = latest_release["tag_name"]
-
-    # Get the list of assets for the latest release
-    github_assets = github_api_request(
-        f"repos/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/tags/{latest_tag}"
-    )["assets"]
-
-    assets: list[PythonBuildStandaloneAsset] = []
-
-    for github_asset in github_assets:
-        name = github_asset["name"]
-        if not name.endswith("install_only.tar.gz"):
-            continue
-        url = github_asset["browser_download_url"]
-        assets.append({"name": name, "url": url})
-
-    # Write the assets to the JSON file. One day, we might need to support
-    # multiple releases, but for now, we only support the latest one
-    json_file_contents: PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData = {
-        "releases": [
-            {
-                "tag": latest_tag,
-                "assets": assets,
-            }
-        ]
-    }
-
-    with PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        json.dump(json_file_contents, f, indent=2)
-        # Add a trailing newline, our pre-commit hook requires it
-        f.write("\n")
-
-    print(
-        f"Updated {PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES.name} with {len(assets)} assets for tag {latest_tag}"
-    )
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()

bin/update_pythons.py

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import copy
 import difflib
 import logging
-import operator
-import re
-import tomllib
 from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Final, Literal, TypedDict
+from typing import Any, Final, Literal, TypedDict, Union
 
 import click
 import requests
@@ -19,7 +17,8 @@ from packaging.version import Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
-from cibuildwheel.extra import dump_python_configurations, get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info
+from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
+from cibuildwheel.extra import dump_python_configurations
 
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
 
@@ -45,26 +44,13 @@ class ConfigWinPP(TypedDict):
     url: str
 
 
-class ConfigWinGP(TypedDict):
+class ConfigMacOS(TypedDict):
     identifier: str
     version: str
     url: str
 
 
-class ConfigApple(TypedDict):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
-    url: str
-
-
-class ConfigPyodide(TypedDict):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
-    default_pyodide_version: str
-    node_version: str
-
-
-AnyConfig = ConfigWinCP | ConfigWinPP | ConfigWinGP | ConfigApple | ConfigPyodide
+AnyConfig = Union[ConfigWinCP, ConfigWinPP, ConfigMacOS]
 
 
 # The following set of "Versions" classes allow the initial call to the APIs to
@@ -120,76 +106,6 @@ class WindowsVersions:
         )
 
 
-class GraalPyVersions:
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        response = requests.get("https://api.github.com/repos/oracle/graalpython/releases")
-        response.raise_for_status()
-
-        releases = response.json()
-        gp_version_re = re.compile(r"-(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)$")
-        cp_version_re = re.compile(r"Python (\d+\.\d+(?:\.\d+)?)")
-        for release in releases:
-            m = gp_version_re.search(release["tag_name"])
-            if m:
-                release["graalpy_version"] = Version(m.group(1))
-            m = cp_version_re.search(release["body"])
-            if m:
-                release["python_version"] = Version(m.group(1))
-
-        self.releases = [r for r in releases if "graalpy_version" in r and "python_version" in r]
-
-    def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> AnyConfig:
-        if "x86_64" in identifier or "amd64" in identifier:
-            arch = "x86_64"
-        elif "arm64" in identifier or "aarch64" in identifier:
-            arch = "aarch64"
-        else:
-            msg = f"{identifier} not supported yet on GraalPy"
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-        gpspec_str = identifier.split("-")[0].split("_")[1]
-        gpspec = Specifier("==24.2.*") if gpspec_str == "242" else Specifier(f"=={gpspec_str}.*")
-
-        releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
-        releases = [r for r in self.releases if gpspec.contains(r["graalpy_version"])]
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["graalpy_version"])
-
-        if not releases:
-            msg = f"GraalPy {arch} not found for {spec}!"
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-        release = releases[-1]
-        version = release["python_version"]
-        gpversion = release["graalpy_version"]
-
-        if "macosx" in identifier:
-            arch = "x86_64" if "x86_64" in identifier else "arm64"
-            config = ConfigApple
-            platform = "macos"
-        elif "win" in identifier:
-            arch = "aarch64" if "arm64" in identifier else "x86_64"
-            config = ConfigWinGP
-            platform = "windows"
-        else:
-            msg = "GraalPy provides downloads for macOS and Windows and is included for manylinux"
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-        arch = "amd64" if arch == "x86_64" else "aarch64"
-        ext = "zip" if "win" in identifier else "tar.gz"
-        (url,) = (
-            rf["browser_download_url"]
-            for rf in release["assets"]
-            if rf["name"].endswith(f"{platform}-{arch}.{ext}")
-            and rf["name"].startswith(f"graalpy-{gpversion.major}")
-        )
-
-        return config(
-            identifier=identifier,
-            version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
-            url=url,
-        )
-
-
 class PyPyVersions:
     def __init__(self, arch_str: ArchStr):
         response = requests.get("https://downloads.python.org/pypy/versions.json")
@@ -217,7 +133,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:
 
     def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigWinCP:
         releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=operator.itemgetter("pypy_version"))
+        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])
         releases = [r for r in releases if self.get_arch_file(r)]
 
         if not releases:
@@ -238,13 +154,13 @@ class PyPyVersions:
             url=url,
         )
 
-    def update_version_macos(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigApple:
+    def update_version_macos(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigMacOS:
         if self.arch not in {"64", "ARM64"}:
             msg = f"'{self.arch}' arch not supported yet on macOS"
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
         releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=operator.itemgetter("pypy_version"))
+        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])
 
         if not releases:
             msg = f"PyPy macOS {self.arch} not found for {spec}!"
@@ -262,7 +178,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:
             if "" in rf["platform"] == "darwin" and rf["arch"] == arch
         )
 
-        return ConfigApple(
+        return ConfigMacOS(
             identifier=identifier,
             version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
             url=url,
@@ -280,19 +196,15 @@ class CPythonVersions:
 
         self.versions_dict: dict[Version, int] = {}
         for release in releases_info:
-            # Skip the pymanager releases
-            if not release["slug"].startswith("python"):
-                continue
-
-            # Removing the prefix
-            version = Version(release["name"].removeprefix("Python "))
+            # Removing the prefix, Python 3.9 would use: release["name"].removeprefix("Python ")
+            version = Version(release["name"][7:])
 
             uri = int(release["resource_uri"].rstrip("/").split("/")[-1])
             self.versions_dict[version] = uri
 
     def update_version_macos(
         self, identifier: str, version: Version, spec: Specifier
-    ) -> ConfigApple | None:
+    ) -> ConfigMacOS | None:
         # see note above on Specifier.filter
         unsorted_versions = spec.filter(self.versions_dict)
         sorted_versions = sorted(unsorted_versions, reverse=True)
@@ -311,7 +223,7 @@ class CPythonVersions:
 
             urls = [rf["url"] for rf in file_info if file_ident in rf["url"]]
             if urls:
-                return ConfigApple(
+                return ConfigMacOS(
                     identifier=identifier,
                     version=f"{new_version.major}.{new_version.minor}",
                     url=urls[0],
@@ -320,81 +232,6 @@ class CPythonVersions:
         return None
 
 
-class CPythonIOSVersions:
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        response = requests.get(
-            "https://api.github.com/repos/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases",
-            headers={
-                "Accept": "application/vnd.github+json",
-                "X-Github-Api-Version": "2022-11-28",
-            },
-        )
-        response.raise_for_status()
-
-        releases_info = response.json()
-        self.versions_dict: dict[Version, dict[int, str]] = {}
-
-        # Each release has a name like "3.13-b4"
-        for release in releases_info:
-            py_version, build = release["name"].split("-")
-            version = Version(py_version)
-            self.versions_dict.setdefault(version, {})
-
-            # There are several release assets associated with each release;
-            # The name of the asset will be something like
-            # "Python-3.11-iOS-support.b4.tar.gz". Store all builds that are
-            # "-iOS-support" builds, retaining the download URL.
-            for asset in release["assets"]:
-                filename, build, _, _ = asset["name"].rsplit(".", 3)
-                if filename.endswith("-iOS-support"):
-                    self.versions_dict[version][int(build[1:])] = asset["browser_download_url"]
-
-    def update_version_ios(self, identifier: str, version: Version) -> ConfigApple | None:
-        # Return a config using the highest build number for the given version.
-        urls = [url for _, url in sorted(self.versions_dict.get(version, {}).items())]
-        if urls:
-            return ConfigApple(
-                identifier=identifier,
-                version=str(version),
-                url=urls[-1],
-            )
-
-        return None
-
-
-class PyodideVersions:
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        xbuildenv_info = get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info()
-        self.releases = xbuildenv_info["releases"]
-
-    def update_version_pyodide(
-        self, identifier: str, version: Version, spec: Specifier, node_version: str
-    ) -> ConfigPyodide | None:
-        # get releases that match the python version
-        releases = [
-            r for r in self.releases.values() if spec.contains(Version(r["python_version"]))
-        ]
-        # sort by version, latest first
-        releases.sort(key=lambda r: Version(r["version"]), reverse=True)
-
-        if not releases:
-            msg = f"Pyodide not found for {spec}!"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-        final_releases = [r for r in releases if not Version(r["version"]).is_prerelease]
-
-        # prefer a final release if available, otherwise use the latest
-        # pre-release
-        release = final_releases[0] if final_releases else releases[0]
-
-        return ConfigPyodide(
-            identifier=identifier,
-            version=str(version),
-            default_pyodide_version=release["version"],
-            node_version=node_version,
-        )
-
-
 # This is a universal interface to all the above Versions classes. Given an
 # identifier, it updates a config dict.
 
@@ -413,12 +250,6 @@ class AllVersions:
         self.macos_pypy = PyPyVersions("64")
         self.macos_pypy_arm64 = PyPyVersions("ARM64")
 
-        self.ios_cpython = CPythonIOSVersions()
-
-        self.graalpy = GraalPyVersions()
-
-        self.pyodide = PyodideVersions()
-
     def update_config(self, config: MutableMapping[str, str]) -> None:
         identifier = config["identifier"]
         version = Version(config["version"])
@@ -436,8 +267,6 @@ class AllVersions:
                     config_update = self.macos_pypy.update_version_macos(spec)
                 elif "macosx_arm64" in identifier:
                     config_update = self.macos_pypy_arm64.update_version_macos(spec)
-            elif identifier.startswith("gp"):
-                config_update = self.graalpy.update_version(identifier, spec)
         elif "t-win32" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
             config_update = self.windows_t_32.update_version_windows(spec)
         elif "win32" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
@@ -449,18 +278,10 @@ class AllVersions:
                 config_update = self.windows_64.update_version_windows(spec)
             elif identifier.startswith("pp"):
                 config_update = self.windows_pypy_64.update_version_windows(spec)
-            elif identifier.startswith("gp"):
-                config_update = self.graalpy.update_version(identifier, spec)
         elif "t-win_arm64" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
             config_update = self.windows_t_arm64.update_version_windows(spec)
         elif "win_arm64" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
             config_update = self.windows_arm64.update_version_windows(spec)
-        elif "ios" in identifier:
-            config_update = self.ios_cpython.update_version_ios(identifier, version)
-        elif "pyodide" in identifier:
-            config_update = self.pyodide.update_version_pyodide(
-                identifier, version, spec, config["node_version"]
-            )
 
         assert config_update is not None, f"{identifier} not found!"
         config.update(**config_update)
@@ -496,12 +317,6 @@ def update_pythons(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
     for config in configs["macos"]["python_configurations"]:
         all_versions.update_config(config)
 
-    for config in configs["ios"]["python_configurations"]:
-        all_versions.update_config(config)
-
-    for config in configs["pyodide"]["python_configurations"]:
-        all_versions.update_config(config)
-
     result_toml = dump_python_configurations(configs)
 
     rich.print()  # spacer

bin/update_readme_changelog.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+PROJECT_ROOT = Path(__file__).parent / ".."
+CHANGELOG_FILE = PROJECT_ROOT / "docs" / "changelog.md"
+README_FILE = PROJECT_ROOT / "README.md"
+
+# https://regexr.com/622ds
+FIRST_5_CHANGELOG_ENTRIES_REGEX = re.compile(r"""(^###.*?(?=###)){5}""", re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
+
+# https://regexr.com/622e5
+README_CHANGELOG_SECTION = re.compile(
+    r"""(?<=<!-- START bin\/update_readme_changelog.py -->\n).*(?=<!-- END bin\/update_readme_changelog.py -->)""",
+    re.DOTALL,
+)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    changelog_text = CHANGELOG_FILE.read_text()
+    readme_text = README_FILE.read_text()
+
+    mini_changelog_match = FIRST_5_CHANGELOG_ENTRIES_REGEX.search(changelog_text)
+    assert mini_changelog_match, "Failed to find the first few changelog entries"
+
+    mini_changelog = "\n".join(
+        [
+            "",
+            "<!-- this section was generated by bin/update_readme_changelog.py -- do not edit manually -->",
+            "",
+            mini_changelog_match.group(0).strip(),
+            "",
+            "",
+        ]
+    )
+
+    if not re.search(README_CHANGELOG_SECTION, readme_text):
+        sys.exit("Changelog section not found in README")
+
+    readme_text = re.sub(README_CHANGELOG_SECTION, mini_changelog, readme_text)
+    README_FILE.write_text(readme_text)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

bin/update_virtualenv.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-import dataclasses
 import difflib
 import logging
 import subprocess
-import tomllib
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final
 
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
+from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
+
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
 
 # Looking up the dir instead of using utils.resources_dir
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE: Final[str] = (
 )
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
 class VersionTuple:
     version: Version
     version_string: str

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-__version__ = "3.0.0rc2"
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__version__ = "2.23.4"

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -1,32 +1,41 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import argparse
-import contextlib
 import dataclasses
-import functools
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
 import tarfile
 import textwrap
-import time
 import traceback
 import typing
-from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import mkdtemp
-from typing import Any, Literal, TextIO
+from typing import Protocol
 
 import cibuildwheel
+import cibuildwheel.linux
+import cibuildwheel.macos
+import cibuildwheel.pyodide
 import cibuildwheel.util
+import cibuildwheel.windows
 from cibuildwheel import errors
+from cibuildwheel._compat.typing import assert_never
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, allowed_architectures_check
-from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions
 from cibuildwheel.logger import log
 from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments, Options, compute_options
-from cibuildwheel.platforms import ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES, get_build_identifiers
-from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, selector_matches
-from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
-from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH
-from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import strtobool
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, GenericPythonConfiguration, PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.util import (
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    BuildSelector,
+    CIProvider,
+    Unbuffered,
+    chdir,
+    detect_ci_provider,
+    fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions,
+    strtobool,
+)
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -34,29 +43,6 @@ class GlobalOptions:
     print_traceback_on_error: bool = True  # decides what happens when errors are hit.
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
-class FileReport:
-    name: str
-    size: str
-
-
-# Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/107717
-class Unbuffered:
-    def __init__(self, stream: TextIO) -> None:
-        self.stream = stream
-
-    def write(self, data: str) -> None:
-        self.stream.write(data)
-        self.stream.flush()
-
-    def writelines(self, data: Iterable[str]) -> None:
-        self.stream.writelines(data)
-        self.stream.flush()
-
-    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
-        return getattr(self.stream, attr)
-
-
 def main() -> None:
     global_options = GlobalOptions()
     try:
@@ -66,7 +52,7 @@ def main() -> None:
         if log.step_active:
             log.step_end_with_error(message)
         else:
-            log.error(message)
+            print(f"cibuildwheel: {message}", file=sys.stderr)
 
         if global_options.print_traceback_on_error:
             traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
@@ -80,10 +66,7 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
     rather than exiting directly.
     """
 
-    make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-        make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-    parser = make_parser(
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Build wheels for all the platforms.",
         epilog="""
             Most options are supplied via environment variables or in
@@ -94,14 +77,13 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
 
     parser.add_argument(
         "--platform",
-        choices=["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide", "ios"],
+        choices=["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide"],
         default=None,
         help="""
-            Platform to build for. Use this option to override the auto-detected
-            platform. Specifying "macos" or "windows" only works on that
-            operating system. "linux" works on any desktop OS, as long as
-            Docker/Podman is installed. "pyodide" only works on linux and macOS.
-            "ios" only work on macOS. Default: auto.
+            Platform to build for. Use this option to override the
+            auto-detected platform. Specifying "macos" or "windows" only works
+            on that operating system, but "linux" works on all three, as long
+            as Docker/Podman is installed. Default: auto.
         """,
     )
 
@@ -119,17 +101,6 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
         """,
     )
 
-    enable_groups_str = ", ".join(g.value for g in EnableGroup)
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--enable",
-        action="append",
-        default=[],
-        metavar="GROUP",
-        help=f"""
-            Enable an additional category of builds. Use multiple times to select multiple groups. Choices: {enable_groups_str}.
-        """,
-    )
-
     parser.add_argument(
         "--only",
         default=None,
@@ -160,7 +131,7 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
     parser.add_argument(
         "package_dir",
         metavar="PACKAGE",
-        default=Path(),
+        default=Path("."),
         type=Path,
         nargs="?",
         help="""
@@ -186,6 +157,12 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
         help="Do not report an error code if the build does not match any wheels.",
     )
 
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--prerelease-pythons",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Enable pre-release Python versions if available.",
+    )
+
     parser.add_argument(
         "--debug-traceback",
         action="store_true",
@@ -223,7 +200,7 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
         # This is now the new package dir
         args.package_dir = project_dir.resolve()
 
-        with contextlib.chdir(project_dir):
+        with chdir(project_dir):
             build_in_directory(args)
     finally:
         # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
@@ -242,8 +219,6 @@ def _compute_platform_only(only: str) -> PlatformName:
         return "windows"
     if "pyodide_" in only:
         return "pyodide"
-    if "ios_" in only:
-        return "ios"
     msg = f"Invalid --only='{only}', must be a build selector with a known platform"
     raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
 
@@ -257,7 +232,7 @@ def _compute_platform_auto() -> PlatformName:
         return "windows"
     else:
         msg = (
-            'Unable to detect platform from "sys.platform". cibuildwheel doesn\'t '
+            'cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform from "sys.platform". cibuildwheel doesn\'t '
             "support building wheels for this platform. You might be able to build for a different "
             "platform using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information."
         )
@@ -286,47 +261,34 @@ def _compute_platform(args: CommandLineArguments) -> PlatformName:
     return _compute_platform_auto()
 
 
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
-    """
-    Prints the new items in a directory upon exiting. The message to display
-    can include {n} for number of wheels, {s} for total number of seconds,
-    and/or {m} for total number of minutes. Does not print anything if this
-    exits via exception.
-    """
+class PlatformModule(Protocol):
+    # note that as per PEP544, the self argument is ignored when the protocol
+    # is applied to a module
+    def get_python_configurations(
+        self, build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: Set[Architecture]
+    ) -> Sequence[GenericPythonConfiguration]: ...
 
-    start_time = time.time()
-    existing_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
-    yield
-    final_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
+    def build(self, options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None: ...
 
-    new_contents = [
-        FileReport(wheel.name, f"{(wheel.stat().st_size + 1023) // 1024:,d}")
-        for wheel in final_contents - existing_contents
-    ]
 
-    if not new_contents:
-        return
-
-    max_name_len = max(len(f.name) for f in new_contents)
-    max_size_len = max(len(f.size) for f in new_contents)
-    n = len(new_contents)
-    s = time.time() - start_time
-    m = s / 60
-    print(
-        msg.format(n=n, s=s, m=m),
-        *sorted(
-            f"  {f.name:<{max_name_len}s}   {f.size:>{max_size_len}s} kB" for f in new_contents
-        ),
-        sep="\n",
-    )
+def get_platform_module(platform: PlatformName) -> PlatformModule:
+    if platform == "linux":
+        return cibuildwheel.linux
+    if platform == "windows":
+        return cibuildwheel.windows
+    if platform == "macos":
+        return cibuildwheel.macos
+    if platform == "pyodide":
+        return cibuildwheel.pyodide
+    assert_never(platform)
 
 
 def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
     platform: PlatformName = _compute_platform(args)
     if platform == "pyodide" and sys.platform == "win32":
-        msg = "Building for pyodide is not supported on Windows"
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+        msg = "cibuildwheel: Building for pyodide is not supported on Windows"
+        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(2)
 
     options = compute_options(platform=platform, command_line_arguments=args, env=os.environ)
 
@@ -338,7 +300,7 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
         msg = f"Could not find any of {{{names}}} at root of package"
         raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
 
-    platform_module = ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES[platform]
+    platform_module = get_platform_module(platform)
     identifiers = get_build_identifiers(
         platform_module=platform_module,
         build_selector=options.globals.build_selector,
@@ -378,11 +340,14 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
 
     output_dir = options.globals.output_dir
 
-    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    if not output_dir.exists():
+        output_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
 
     tmp_path = Path(mkdtemp(prefix="cibw-run-")).resolve(strict=True)
     try:
-        with print_new_wheels("\n{n} wheels produced in {m:.0f} minutes:", output_dir):
+        with cibuildwheel.util.print_new_wheels(
+            "\n{n} wheels produced in {m:.0f} minutes:", output_dir
+        ):
             platform_module.build(options, tmp_path)
     finally:
         # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
@@ -424,6 +389,15 @@ def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: Sequence[str])
     print("Here we go!\n")
 
 
+def get_build_identifiers(
+    platform_module: PlatformModule,
+    build_selector: BuildSelector,
+    architectures: Set[Architecture],
+) -> list[str]:
+    python_configurations = platform_module.get_python_configurations(build_selector, architectures)
+    return [config.identifier for config in python_configurations]
+
+
 def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> list[str]:
     warnings = []
 
@@ -444,78 +418,9 @@ def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> list[str
         if any(o and ("{python}" in o or "{pip}" in o) for o in option_values):
             # Reminder: in an f-string, double braces means literal single brace
             msg = (
-                f"{option_name}: '{{python}}' and '{{pip}}' are no longer supported "
-                "and have been removed in cibuildwheel 3. Simply use 'python' or 'pip' instead."
+                f"{option_name}: '{{python}}' and '{{pip}}' are no longer needed, "
+                "and will be removed in cibuildwheel 3. Simply use 'python' or 'pip' instead."
             )
-            raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
-
-    build_selector = options.globals.build_selector
-    test_selector = options.globals.test_selector
-
-    all_valid_identifiers = [
-        config.identifier
-        for module in ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES.values()
-        for config in module.all_python_configurations()
-    ]
-
-    enabled_selector = BuildSelector(
-        build_config="*", skip_config="", enable=options.globals.build_selector.enable
-    )
-    all_enabled_identifiers = [
-        identifier for identifier in all_valid_identifiers if enabled_selector(identifier)
-    ]
-
-    warnings += check_for_invalid_selectors(
-        selector_name="build",
-        selector_value=build_selector.build_config,
-        all_valid_identifiers=all_valid_identifiers,
-        all_enabled_identifiers=all_enabled_identifiers,
-    )
-    warnings += check_for_invalid_selectors(
-        selector_name="skip",
-        selector_value=build_selector.skip_config,
-        all_valid_identifiers=all_valid_identifiers,
-        all_enabled_identifiers=all_enabled_identifiers,
-    )
-    warnings += check_for_invalid_selectors(
-        selector_name="test_skip",
-        selector_value=test_selector.skip_config,
-        all_valid_identifiers=all_valid_identifiers,
-        all_enabled_identifiers=all_enabled_identifiers,
-    )
-
-    return warnings
-
-
-def check_for_invalid_selectors(
-    *,
-    selector_name: Literal["build", "skip", "test_skip"],
-    selector_value: str,
-    all_valid_identifiers: Sequence[str],
-    all_enabled_identifiers: Sequence[str],
-) -> list[str]:
-    warnings = []
-
-    for selector in selector_value.split():
-        if not any(selector_matches(selector, i) for i in all_enabled_identifiers):
-            msg = f"Invalid {selector_name} selector: {selector!r}. "
-            error_type: type = errors.ConfigurationError
-
-            if any(selector_matches(selector, i) for i in all_valid_identifiers):
-                msg += "This selector matches a group that wasn't enabled. Enable it using the `enable` option or remove this selector. "
-
-            if "p2" in selector or "p35" in selector:
-                msg += f"cibuildwheel 3.x no longer supports Python < 3.8. Please use the 1.x series or update `{selector_name}`. "
-                error_type = errors.DeprecationError
-            if "p36" in selector or "p37" in selector:
-                msg += f"cibuildwheel 3.x no longer supports Python < 3.8. Please use the 2.x series or update `{selector_name}`. "
-                error_type = errors.DeprecationError
-
-            if selector_name == "build":
-                raise error_type(msg)
-
-            msg += "This selector will have no effect. "
-
             warnings.append(msg)
 
     return warnings

cibuildwheel/_compat/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from __future__ import annotations

cibuildwheel/_compat/tomllib.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from tomllib import load, loads
+else:
+    from tomli import load, loads
+
+__all__ = ["load", "loads"]

cibuildwheel/_compat/typing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, Self, assert_never
+else:
+    from typing import NotRequired, Self, assert_never
+
+__all__ = (
+    "NotRequired",
+    "Self",
+    "assert_never",
+)

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
 import platform as platform_module
 import re
-import shutil
-import subprocess
 import sys
-import typing
 from collections.abc import Set
-from enum import StrEnum, auto
+from enum import Enum
 from typing import Final, Literal
 
-from cibuildwheel import errors
-
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .typing import PlatformName
 
 PRETTY_NAMES: Final[dict[PlatformName, str]] = {
@@ -17,7 +16,6 @@ PRETTY_NAMES: Final[dict[PlatformName, str]] = {
     "macos": "macOS",
     "windows": "Windows",
     "pyodide": "Pyodide",
-    "ios": "iOS",
 }
 
 ARCH_SYNONYMS: Final[list[dict[PlatformName, str | None]]] = [
@@ -27,52 +25,41 @@ ARCH_SYNONYMS: Final[list[dict[PlatformName, str | None]]] = [
 ]
 
 
-def _check_aarch32_el0() -> bool:
-    """Check if running armv7l natively on aarch64 is supported"""
-    if not sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
-        return False
-    if platform_module.machine() != "aarch64":
-        return False
-    executable = shutil.which("linux32")
-    if executable is None:
-        return False
-    check = subprocess.run([executable, "uname", "-m"], check=False, capture_output=True, text=True)
-    return check.returncode == 0 and check.stdout.startswith("armv")
+@functools.total_ordering
+class Architecture(Enum):
+    value: str
 
-
-@typing.final
-class Architecture(StrEnum):
     # mac/linux archs
-    x86_64 = auto()
+    x86_64 = "x86_64"
 
     # linux archs
-    i686 = auto()
-    aarch64 = auto()
-    ppc64le = auto()
-    s390x = auto()
-    armv7l = auto()
-    riscv64 = auto()
+    i686 = "i686"
+    aarch64 = "aarch64"
+    ppc64le = "ppc64le"
+    s390x = "s390x"
+    armv7l = "armv7l"
 
     # mac archs
-    universal2 = auto()
-    arm64 = auto()
+    universal2 = "universal2"
+    arm64 = "arm64"
 
     # windows archs
-    x86 = auto()
+    x86 = "x86"
     AMD64 = "AMD64"
     ARM64 = "ARM64"
 
     # WebAssembly
-    wasm32 = auto()
+    wasm32 = "wasm32"
 
-    # iOS "multiarch" architectures that include both
-    # the CPU architecture and the ABI.
-    arm64_iphoneos = auto()
-    arm64_iphonesimulator = auto()
-    x86_64_iphonesimulator = auto()
+    # Allow this to be sorted
+    def __lt__(self, other: Architecture) -> bool:
+        return self.value < other.value
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
         result = set()
         for arch_str in re.split(r"[\s,]+", config):
             if arch_str == "auto":
@@ -88,17 +75,13 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
             elif arch_str == "auto32":
                 result |= Architecture.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="32")
             else:
-                try:
-                    result.add(Architecture(arch_str))
-                except ValueError as e:
-                    msg = f"Invalid architecture '{arch_str}'"
-                    raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
+                result.add(Architecture(arch_str))
         return result
 
     @staticmethod
-    def native_arch(platform: PlatformName) -> "Architecture | None":
-        native_machine = platform_module.machine()
-        native_architecture = Architecture(native_machine)
+    def native_arch(platform: PlatformName) -> Architecture | None:
+        if platform == "pyodide":
+            return Architecture.wasm32
 
         # Cross-platform support. Used for --print-build-identifiers or docker builds.
         host_platform: PlatformName = (
@@ -107,18 +90,8 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
             else ("macos" if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") else "linux")
         )
 
-        if platform == "pyodide":
-            return Architecture.wasm32
-        elif platform == "ios":
-            # Can only build for iOS on macOS. The "native" architecture is the
-            # simulator for the macOS native platform.
-            if host_platform == "macos":
-                if native_architecture == Architecture.x86_64:
-                    return Architecture.x86_64_iphonesimulator
-                else:
-                    return Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator
-            else:
-                return None
+        native_machine = platform_module.machine()
+        native_architecture = Architecture(native_machine)
 
         # we might need to rename the native arch to the machine we're running
         # on, as the same arch can have different names on different platforms
@@ -136,30 +109,23 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
         return native_architecture
 
     @staticmethod
-    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
         native_arch = Architecture.native_arch(platform)
         if native_arch is None:
             return set()  # can't build anything on this platform
         result = {native_arch}
 
-        if platform == "linux":
-            if Architecture.x86_64 in result:
-                # x86_64 machines can run i686 containers
-                result.add(Architecture.i686)
-            elif Architecture.aarch64 in result and _check_aarch32_el0():
-                result.add(Architecture.armv7l)
+        if platform == "linux" and Architecture.x86_64 in result:
+            # x86_64 machines can run i686 containers
+            result.add(Architecture.i686)
 
-        elif platform == "windows" and Architecture.AMD64 in result:
+        if platform == "windows" and Architecture.AMD64 in result:
             result.add(Architecture.x86)
 
-        elif platform == "ios" and native_arch == Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator:
-            # Also build the device wheel if we're on ARM64.
-            result.add(Architecture.arm64_iphoneos)
-
         return result
 
     @staticmethod
-    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
         all_archs_map = {
             "linux": {
                 Architecture.x86_64,
@@ -168,21 +134,15 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
                 Architecture.ppc64le,
                 Architecture.s390x,
                 Architecture.armv7l,
-                Architecture.riscv64,
             },
             "macos": {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64, Architecture.universal2},
             "windows": {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64, Architecture.ARM64},
             "pyodide": {Architecture.wasm32},
-            "ios": {
-                Architecture.x86_64_iphonesimulator,
-                Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator,
-                Architecture.arm64_iphoneos,
-            },
         }
         return all_archs_map[platform]
 
     @staticmethod
-    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> set[Architecture]:
         archs_32 = {Architecture.i686, Architecture.x86, Architecture.armv7l}
         auto_archs = Architecture.auto_archs(platform)
 
@@ -190,7 +150,7 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
             return auto_archs - archs_32
         if bitness == "32":
             return auto_archs & archs_32
-        typing.assert_never(bitness)
+        assert_never(bitness)
 
 
 def allowed_architectures_check(

cibuildwheel/bashlex_eval.py

@@ -1,23 +1,21 @@
-import dataclasses
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import subprocess
-from collections.abc import (
-    Callable,
-    Iterable,
-    Mapping,
-    Sequence,
-)
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Callable, Dict, List  # noqa: TID251
 
 import bashlex
 
 # a function that takes a command and the environment, and returns the result
-EnvironmentExecutor = Callable[[list[str], dict[str, str]], str]
+EnvironmentExecutor = Callable[[List[str], Dict[str, str]], str]
 
 
 def local_environment_executor(command: Sequence[str], env: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
     return subprocess.run(command, env=env, text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, check=True).stdout
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class NodeExecutionContext:
     environment: dict[str, str]
     input: str

cibuildwheel/ci.py

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import re
-from enum import Enum
-
-from .util.helpers import strtobool
-
-
-class CIProvider(Enum):
-    # official support
-    travis_ci = "travis"
-    circle_ci = "circle_ci"
-    azure_pipelines = "azure_pipelines"
-    github_actions = "github_actions"
-    gitlab = "gitlab"
-    cirrus_ci = "cirrus_ci"
-
-    # unofficial support
-    appveyor = "appveyor"
-
-    other = "other"
-
-
-def detect_ci_provider() -> CIProvider | None:
-    if "TRAVIS" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.travis_ci
-    elif "APPVEYOR" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.appveyor
-    elif "CIRCLECI" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.circle_ci
-    elif "AZURE_HTTP_USER_AGENT" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.azure_pipelines
-    elif "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.github_actions
-    elif "GITLAB_CI" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.gitlab
-    elif "CIRRUS_CI" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.cirrus_ci
-    elif strtobool(os.environ.get("CI", "false")):
-        return CIProvider.other
-    else:
-        return None
-
-
-def fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions(text: str) -> str:
-    """
-    Github Actions forgets the current ANSI style on every new line. This
-    function repeats the current ANSI style on every new line.
-    """
-    ansi_code_regex = re.compile(r"(\033\[[0-9;]*m)")
-    ansi_codes: list[str] = []
-    output = ""
-
-    for line in text.splitlines(keepends=True):
-        # add the current ANSI codes to the beginning of the line
-        output += "".join(ansi_codes) + line
-
-        # split the line at each ANSI code
-        parts = ansi_code_regex.split(line)
-        # if there are any ANSI codes, save them
-        if len(parts) > 1:
-            # iterate over the ANSI codes in this line
-            for code in parts[1::2]:
-                if code == "\033[0m":
-                    # reset the list of ANSI codes when the clear code is found
-                    ansi_codes = []
-                else:
-                    ansi_codes.append(code)
-
-    return output

cibuildwheel/environment.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from typing import Any, Protocol
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ class EnvironmentAssignmentBash:
         return False
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(kw_only=True)
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ParsedEnvironment:
     assignments: list[EnvironmentAssignment]
 

cibuildwheel/extra.py

@@ -2,16 +2,11 @@
 These are utilities for the `/bin` scripts, not for the `cibuildwheel` program.
 """
 
-import json
-import time
-import typing
-import urllib.error
-import urllib.request
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from io import StringIO
-from typing import Any, NotRequired, Protocol
-
-from cibuildwheel import __version__ as cibw_version
+from typing import Protocol
 
 __all__ = ("Printable", "dump_python_configurations")
 
@@ -37,65 +32,3 @@ def dump_python_configurations(
         output.write("\n")
     # Strip the final newline, to avoid two blank lines at the end.
     return output.getvalue()[:-1]
-
-
-def _json_request(request: urllib.request.Request, timeout: int = 30) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=timeout) as response:
-        return typing.cast(dict[str, Any], json.load(response))
-
-
-def github_api_request(path: str, *, max_retries: int = 3) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """
-    Makes a GitHub API request to the given path and returns the JSON response.
-    """
-    api_url = f"https://api.github.com/{path}"
-    headers = {
-        "Accept": "application/vnd.github.v3+json",
-        "User-Agent": f"cibuildwheel/{cibw_version}",
-    }
-    request = urllib.request.Request(api_url, headers=headers)
-
-    for retry_count in range(max_retries):
-        try:
-            return _json_request(request)
-        except (urllib.error.URLError, TimeoutError) as e:
-            # pylint: disable=E1101
-            if (
-                isinstance(e, urllib.error.HTTPError)
-                and (e.code == 403 or e.code == 429)
-                and e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-remaining") == "0"
-            ):
-                reset_time = int(e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-reset", 0))
-                wait_time = max(0, reset_time - int(e.headers.get("date", 0)))
-                print(f"Github rate limit exceeded. Waiting for {wait_time} seconds.")
-                time.sleep(wait_time)
-            else:
-                print(f"Retrying GitHub API request due to error: {e}")
-
-            if retry_count == max_retries - 1:
-                print(f"GitHub API request failed (Network error: {e}). Check network connection.")
-                raise e
-
-    # Should never be reached but to keep the type checker happy
-    msg = "Unexpected execution path in github_api_request"
-    raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-
-class PyodideXBuildEnvRelease(typing.TypedDict):
-    version: str
-    python_version: str
-    emscripten_version: str
-    min_pyodide_build_version: NotRequired[str]
-    max_pyodide_build_version: NotRequired[str]
-
-
-class PyodideXBuildEnvInfo(typing.TypedDict):
-    releases: dict[str, PyodideXBuildEnvRelease]
-
-
-def get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info() -> PyodideXBuildEnvInfo:
-    xbuildenv_info_url = (
-        "https://pyodide.github.io/pyodide/api/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json"
-    )
-    with urllib.request.urlopen(xbuildenv_info_url) as response:
-        return typing.cast(PyodideXBuildEnvInfo, json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8")))

cibuildwheel/frontend.py

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-import dataclasses
-import shlex
-import typing
-from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Literal, Self, get_args
-
-from .logger import log
-from .util.helpers import parse_key_value_string
-
-BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]"]
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
-class BuildFrontendConfig:
-    name: BuildFrontendName
-    args: Sequence[str] = ()
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self:
-        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, ["name"], ["args"])
-        name = " ".join(config_dict["name"])
-        if name not in get_args(BuildFrontendName):
-            names = ", ".join(repr(n) for n in get_args(BuildFrontendName))
-            msg = f"Unrecognised build frontend {name!r}, must be one of {names}"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-        name = typing.cast(BuildFrontendName, name)
-
-        args = config_dict.get("args") or []
-        return cls(name=name, args=args)
-
-    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
-        if not self.args:
-            return self.name
-        else:
-            return {"name": self.name, "args": repr(self.args)}
-
-
-def _get_verbosity_flags(level: int, frontend: BuildFrontendName) -> list[str]:
-    if level < 0:
-        if frontend == "pip":
-            return ["-" + -level * "q"]
-
-        msg = f"build_verbosity {level} is not supported for {frontend} frontend. Ignoring."
-        log.warning(msg)
-
-    if level > 0:
-        if frontend == "pip":
-            return ["-" + level * "v"]
-        if level > 1:
-            return ["-" + (level - 1) * "v"]
-
-    return []
-
-
-def _split_config_settings(config_settings: str) -> list[str]:
-    config_settings_list = shlex.split(config_settings)
-    return [f"-C{setting}" for setting in config_settings_list]
-
-
-def get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig, verbosity_level: int, config_settings: str
-) -> list[str]:
-    return [
-        *_split_config_settings(config_settings),
-        *build_frontend.args,
-        *_get_verbosity_flags(verbosity_level, build_frontend.name),
-    ]

cibuildwheel/linux.py

@@ -1,25 +1,34 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import contextlib
-import dataclasses
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
-from collections import OrderedDict
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, Set
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
-from typing import assert_never
+from typing import OrderedDict, Tuple
 
-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
-from ..oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
-from ..options import BuildOptions, Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.file import copy_test_sources
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
+from packaging.version import Version
+
+from . import errors
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
+from .architecture import Architecture
+from .logger import log
+from .oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
+from .options import BuildOptions, Options
+from .typing import PathOrStr
+from .util import (
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildSelector,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
+    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
+    prepare_command,
+    read_python_configs,
+    split_config_settings,
+    test_fail_cwd_file,
+    unwrap,
+)
 
 ARCHITECTURE_OCI_PLATFORM_MAP = {
     Architecture.x86_64: OCIPlatform.AMD64,
@@ -28,11 +37,10 @@ ARCHITECTURE_OCI_PLATFORM_MAP = {
     Architecture.ppc64le: OCIPlatform.PPC64LE,
     Architecture.s390x: OCIPlatform.S390X,
     Architecture.armv7l: OCIPlatform.ARMV7,
-    Architecture.riscv64: OCIPlatform.RISCV64,
 }
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
     identifier: str
@@ -43,7 +51,7 @@ class PythonConfiguration:
         return PurePosixPath(self.path_str)
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class BuildStep:
     platform_configs: list[PythonConfiguration]
     platform_tag: str
@@ -51,16 +59,13 @@ class BuildStep:
     container_image: str
 
 
-def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    config_dicts = resources.read_python_configs("linux")
-    return [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in config_dicts]
-
-
 def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector,
     architectures: Set[Architecture],
 ) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    python_configurations = all_python_configurations()
+    full_python_configs = read_python_configs("linux")
+
+    python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
 
     # return all configurations whose arch is in our `architectures` set,
     # and match the build/skip rules
@@ -99,7 +104,7 @@ def get_build_steps(
     Groups PythonConfigurations into BuildSteps. Each BuildStep represents a
     separate container instance.
     """
-    steps = OrderedDict[tuple[str, str, str, OCIContainerEngineConfig], BuildStep]()
+    steps = OrderedDict[Tuple[str, str, str, OCIContainerEngineConfig], BuildStep]()
 
     for config in python_configurations:
         _, platform_tag = config.identifier.split("-", 1)
@@ -168,7 +173,6 @@ def build_in_container(
     container: OCIContainer,
     container_project_path: PurePath,
     container_package_dir: PurePath,
-    local_tmp_dir: Path,
 ) -> None:
     container_output_dir = PurePosixPath("/output")
 
@@ -184,7 +188,7 @@ def build_in_container(
         log.step("Running before_all...")
 
         env = container.get_environment()
-        env["PATH"] = f"/opt/python/cp39-cp39/bin:{env['PATH']}"
+        env["PATH"] = f'/opt/python/cp39-cp39/bin:{env["PATH"]}'
         env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
         env["PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION"] = "ignore"
         env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(
@@ -202,22 +206,22 @@ def build_in_container(
 
     for config in platform_configs:
         log.build_start(config.identifier)
-        local_identifier_tmp_dir = local_tmp_dir / config.identifier
         build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-        build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
-        use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]"
+        build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
+        use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" and Version(config.version) >= Version("3.8")
         pip = ["uv", "pip"] if use_uv else ["pip"]
 
+        dependency_constraint_flags: list[PathOrStr] = []
+
         log.step("Setting up build environment...")
 
-        dependency_constraint_flags: list[PathOrStr] = []
-        local_constraints_file = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-            version=config.version,
-            tmp_dir=local_identifier_tmp_dir,
-        )
-        if local_constraints_file:
+        if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+            constraints_file = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                config.version
+            )
             container_constraints_file = PurePosixPath("/constraints.txt")
-            container.copy_into(local_constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
+
+            container.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
             dependency_constraint_flags = ["-c", container_constraints_file]
 
         env = container.get_environment()
@@ -226,7 +230,7 @@ def build_in_container(
 
         # put this config's python top of the list
         python_bin = config.path / "bin"
-        env["PATH"] = f"{python_bin}:{env['PATH']}"
+        env["PATH"] = f'{python_bin}:{env["PATH"]}'
 
         env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(env, executor=container.environment_executor)
 
@@ -271,11 +275,11 @@ def build_in_container(
             container.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
             container.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
 
-            extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
-            )
+            extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name)
+            extra_flags += build_frontend.args
 
             if build_frontend.name == "pip":
+                extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                 container.call(
                     [
                         "python",
@@ -290,6 +294,9 @@ def build_in_container(
                     env=env,
                 )
             elif build_frontend.name == "build" or build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
+                if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
+                    msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
+                    log.warning(msg)
                 if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
                     extra_flags += ["--installer=uv"]
                 container.call(
@@ -353,17 +360,15 @@ def build_in_container(
                 container.call(["uv", "venv", venv_dir, "--python", python_bin / "python"], env=env)
             else:
                 # Use embedded dependencies from virtualenv to ensure determinism
-                venv_args = ["--no-periodic-update", "--pip=embed", "--no-setuptools"]
-                if "38" in config.identifier:
-                    venv_args.append("--no-wheel")
+                venv_args = ["--no-periodic-update", "--pip=embed"]
+                # In Python<3.12, setuptools & wheel are installed as well
+                if Version(config.version) < Version("3.12"):
+                    venv_args.extend(("--setuptools=embed", "--wheel=embed"))
                 container.call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", *venv_args, venv_dir], env=env)
 
             virtualenv_env = env.copy()
             virtualenv_env["PATH"] = f"{venv_dir / 'bin'}:{virtualenv_env['PATH']}"
             virtualenv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_dir)
-            virtualenv_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
-                prev_environment=virtualenv_env
-            )
 
             if build_options.before_test:
                 before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -396,21 +401,9 @@ def build_in_container(
                 package=container_package_dir,
                 wheel=wheel_to_test,
             )
-
             test_cwd = testing_temp_dir / "test_cwd"
             container.call(["mkdir", "-p", test_cwd])
-
-            if build_options.test_sources:
-                copy_test_sources(
-                    build_options.test_sources,
-                    Path.cwd(),
-                    test_cwd,
-                    copy_into=container.copy_into,
-                )
-            else:
-                # Use the test_fail.py file to raise a nice error if the user
-                # tries to run tests in the cwd
-                container.copy_into(resources.TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE, test_cwd / "test_fail.py")
+            container.copy_into(test_fail_cwd_file, test_cwd / "test_fail.py")
 
             container.call(["sh", "-c", test_command_prepared], cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)
 
@@ -433,7 +426,7 @@ def build_in_container(
     log.step_end()
 
 
-def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
     python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
         options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
     )
@@ -458,12 +451,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
             msg = unwrap(
                 f"""
-                {build_step.container_engine.name} not found. An OCI exe like
-                Docker or Podman is required to run Linux builds. If you're
-                building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to your
-                .travis.yml. If you're building on Circle CI in Linux, add a
-                `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml. If
-                you're building on Cirrus CI, use `docker_builder` task.
+                cibuildwheel: {build_step.container_engine.name} not found. An
+                OCI exe like Docker or Podman is required to run Linux builds.
+                If you're building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to
+                your .travis.yml. If you're building on Circle CI in Linux,
+                add a `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml.
+                If you're building on Cirrus CI, use `docker_builder` task.
                 """
             )
             raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from error
@@ -487,7 +480,6 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     container=container,
                     container_project_path=container_project_path,
                     container_package_dir=container_package_dir,
-                    local_tmp_dir=tmp_path,
                 )
 
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import codecs
 import os
 import re
 import sys
 import time
-from typing import IO, AnyStr, Final
+from typing import IO, AnyStr, Final, Tuple
 
-from .ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
+from .util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
 
-FoldPattern = tuple[str, str]
+FoldPattern = Tuple[str, str]
 DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN: Final[FoldPattern] = ("{name}", "")
 FOLD_PATTERNS: Final[dict[str, FoldPattern]] = {
     "azure": ("##[group]{name}", "##[endgroup]"),
@@ -22,14 +24,12 @@ PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS: Final[dict[str, str]] = {
     "manylinux_ppc64le": "manylinux ppc64le",
     "manylinux_s390x": "manylinux s390x",
     "manylinux_armv7l": "manylinux armv7l",
-    "manylinux_riscv64": "manylinux riscv64",
     "musllinux_x86_64": "musllinux x86_64",
     "musllinux_i686": "musllinux i686",
     "musllinux_aarch64": "musllinux aarch64",
     "musllinux_ppc64le": "musllinux ppc64le",
     "musllinux_s390x": "musllinux s390x",
     "musllinux_armv7l": "musllinux armv7l",
-    "musllinux_riscv64": "musllinux riscv64",
     "win32": "Windows 32bit",
     "win_amd64": "Windows 64bit",
     "win_arm64": "Windows on ARM 64bit",
@@ -37,38 +37,9 @@ PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS: Final[dict[str, str]] = {
     "macosx_universal2": "macOS Universal 2 - x86_64 and arm64",
     "macosx_arm64": "macOS arm64 - Apple Silicon",
     "pyodide_wasm32": "Pyodide",
-    "ios_arm64_iphoneos": "iOS Device (ARM64)",
-    "ios_arm64_iphonesimulator": "iOS Simulator (ARM64)",
-    "ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator": "iOS Simulator (x86_64)",
 }
 
 
-class Colors:
-    def __init__(self, *, enabled: bool) -> None:
-        self.red = "\033[31m" if enabled else ""
-        self.green = "\033[32m" if enabled else ""
-        self.yellow = "\033[33m" if enabled else ""
-        self.blue = "\033[34m" if enabled else ""
-        self.cyan = "\033[36m" if enabled else ""
-        self.bright_red = "\033[91m" if enabled else ""
-        self.bright_green = "\033[92m" if enabled else ""
-        self.white = "\033[37m\033[97m" if enabled else ""
-        self.gray = "\033[38;5;244m" if enabled else ""
-
-        self.bg_grey = "\033[48;5;235m" if enabled else ""
-
-        self.bold = "\033[1m" if enabled else ""
-        self.faint = "\033[2m" if enabled else ""
-
-        self.end = "\033[0m" if enabled else ""
-
-
-class Symbols:
-    def __init__(self, *, unicode: bool) -> None:
-        self.done = "✓" if unicode else "done"
-        self.error = "✕" if unicode else "failed"
-
-
 class Logger:
     fold_mode: str
     colors_enabled: bool
@@ -164,24 +135,24 @@ class Logger:
 
     def notice(self, message: str) -> None:
         if self.fold_mode == "github":
-            print(f"::notice::cibuildwheel: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+            print(f"::notice::{message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
         else:
             c = self.colors
-            print(f"cibuildwheel: {c.bold}note{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+            print(f"{c.bold}Note{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
 
     def warning(self, message: str) -> None:
         if self.fold_mode == "github":
-            print(f"::warning::cibuildwheel: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+            print(f"::warning::{message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
         else:
             c = self.colors
-            print(f"cibuildwheel: {c.yellow}warning{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+            print(f"{c.yellow}Warning{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
 
     def error(self, error: BaseException | str) -> None:
         if self.fold_mode == "github":
-            print(f"::error::cibuildwheel: {error}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+            print(f"::error::{error}\n", file=sys.stderr)
         else:
             c = self.colors
-            print(f"cibuildwheel: {c.bright_red}error{c.end}: {error}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+            print(f"{c.bright_red}Error{c.end}: {error}\n", file=sys.stderr)
 
     @property
     def step_active(self) -> bool:
@@ -237,22 +208,17 @@ def build_description_from_identifier(identifier: str) -> str:
     build_description = ""
 
     python_interpreter = python_identifier[0:2]
-    version_parts = python_identifier[2:].split("_")
-    python_version = version_parts[0]
+    python_version = python_identifier[2:]
 
     if python_interpreter == "cp":
         build_description += "CPython"
     elif python_interpreter == "pp":
         build_description += "PyPy"
-    elif python_interpreter == "gp":
-        build_description += "GraalPy"
     else:
         msg = f"unknown python {python_interpreter!r}"
         raise Exception(msg)
 
     build_description += f" {python_version[0]}.{python_version[1:]} "
-    if len(version_parts) > 1:
-        build_description += f"(ABI {version_parts[1]}) "
 
     try:
         build_description += PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS[platform_identifier]
@@ -263,6 +229,32 @@ def build_description_from_identifier(identifier: str) -> str:
     return build_description
 
 
+class Colors:
+    def __init__(self, *, enabled: bool) -> None:
+        self.red = "\033[31m" if enabled else ""
+        self.green = "\033[32m" if enabled else ""
+        self.yellow = "\033[33m" if enabled else ""
+        self.blue = "\033[34m" if enabled else ""
+        self.cyan = "\033[36m" if enabled else ""
+        self.bright_red = "\033[91m" if enabled else ""
+        self.bright_green = "\033[92m" if enabled else ""
+        self.white = "\033[37m\033[97m" if enabled else ""
+        self.gray = "\033[38;5;244m" if enabled else ""
+
+        self.bg_grey = "\033[48;5;235m" if enabled else ""
+
+        self.bold = "\033[1m" if enabled else ""
+        self.faint = "\033[2m" if enabled else ""
+
+        self.end = "\033[0m" if enabled else ""
+
+
+class Symbols:
+    def __init__(self, *, unicode: bool) -> None:
+        self.done = "✓" if unicode else "done"
+        self.error = "✕" if unicode else "failed"
+
+
 def file_supports_color(file_obj: IO[AnyStr]) -> bool:
     """
     Returns True if the running system's terminal supports color.

cibuildwheel/macos.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import dataclasses
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import functools
 import inspect
 import os
@@ -8,35 +9,48 @@ import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import typing
-from collections.abc import Set
+from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Literal, assert_never
+from typing import Literal, Tuple
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.version import Version
 
-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..ci import detect_ci_provider
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
+from . import errors
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
+from .architecture import Architecture
+from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from .logger import log
+from .options import Options
+from .typing import PathOrStr
+from .util import (
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-    copy_test_sources,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildFrontendName,
+    BuildSelector,
+    call,
+    combine_constraints,
+    detect_ci_provider,
     download,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
+    find_uv,
+    free_thread_enable_313,
+    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
+    get_pip_version,
+    install_certifi_script,
     move_file,
+    prepare_command,
+    read_python_configs,
+    shell,
+    split_config_settings,
+    test_fail_cwd_file,
+    unwrap,
+    virtualenv,
 )
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
 
-@functools.cache
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
 def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
     """
     Returns the macOS major/minor version, as a tuple, e.g. (10, 15) or (11, 0)
@@ -60,10 +74,10 @@ def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
             capture_stdout=True,
         )
         version = tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2]))
-    return typing.cast(tuple[int, int], version)
+    return typing.cast(Tuple[int, int], version)
 
 
-@functools.cache
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
 def get_test_macosx_deployment_target() -> str:
     version = get_macos_version()
     if version >= (11, 0):
@@ -76,22 +90,19 @@ def get_macos_sdks() -> list[str]:
     return [m.group(1) for m in re.finditer(r"-sdk (macosx\S+)", output)]
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
     identifier: str
     url: str
 
 
-def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    config_dicts = resources.read_python_configs("macos")
-    return [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in config_dicts]
-
-
 def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: Set[Architecture]
 ) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    python_configurations = all_python_configurations()
+    full_python_configs = read_python_configs("macos")
+
+    python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
 
     # filter out configs that don't match any of the selected architectures
     python_configurations = [
@@ -103,7 +114,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     # skip builds as required by BUILD/SKIP
     python_configurations = [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]
 
-    # filter-out some cross-compilation configs with PyPy and GraalPy:
+    # filter-out some cross-compilation configs with PyPy:
     # can't build arm64 on x86_64
     # rosetta allows to build x86_64 on arm64
     if platform.machine() == "x86_64":
@@ -111,7 +122,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
         python_configurations = [
             c
             for c in python_configurations
-            if not (c.identifier.startswith(("pp", "gp")) and c.identifier.endswith("arm64"))
+            if not (c.identifier.startswith("pp") and c.identifier.endswith("arm64"))
         ]
         removed_elements = python_configurations_before - set(python_configurations)
         if removed_elements:
@@ -119,7 +130,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
             log.quiet(
                 unwrap(
                     f"""
-                    Note: {ids}  {"was" if len(removed_elements) == 1 else "were"}
+                    Note: {ids}  {'was' if len(removed_elements) == 1 else 'were'}
                     selected, but can't be built on x86_64 so will be skipped automatically.
                     """
                 )
@@ -128,7 +139,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     return python_configurations
 
 
-def install_cpython(_tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool) -> Path:
+def install_cpython(tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool) -> Path:
     ft = "T" if free_threading else ""
     installation_path = Path(f"/Library/Frameworks/Python{ft}.framework/Versions/{version}")
     with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"cpython{version}.lock"):
@@ -144,22 +155,20 @@ def install_cpython(_tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool) ->
                         Error: CPython {version} is not installed.
                         cibuildwheel will not perform system-wide installs when running outside of CI.
                         To build locally, install CPython {version} on this machine, or, disable this
-                        version of Python using CIBW_SKIP=cp{version.replace(".", "")}-macosx_*
+                        version of Python using CIBW_SKIP=cp{version.replace('.', '')}-macosx_*
                         For portable builds, cibuildwheel needs the official builds from python.org.
                         Download link: {url}
                     """
                 )
                 raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-            python_filename = url.split("/")[-1]
-            pkg_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "cpython-installer" / python_filename
-            if not pkg_path.exists():
-                download(url, pkg_path)
+            pkg_path = tmp / "Python.pkg"
+            # download the pkg
+            download(url, pkg_path)
+            # install
             args = []
             if version.startswith("3.13"):
                 # Python 3.13 is the first version to have a free-threading option
-                args += ["-applyChoiceChangesXML", str(resources.FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_313.resolve())]
-            elif version.startswith("3.14"):
-                args += ["-applyChoiceChangesXML", str(resources.FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_314.resolve())]
+                args += ["-applyChoiceChangesXML", str(free_thread_enable_313.resolve())]
             call("sudo", "installer", "-pkg", pkg_path, *args, "-target", "/")
             pkg_path.unlink()
             env = os.environ.copy()
@@ -167,13 +176,9 @@ def install_cpython(_tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool) ->
 
             if free_threading:
                 call(installation_path / f"bin/python{version}t", "-m", "ensurepip", env=env)
-                call(
-                    installation_path / f"bin/python{version}t",
-                    resources.INSTALL_CERTIFI_SCRIPT,
-                    env=env,
-                )
+                call(installation_path / f"bin/python{version}t", install_certifi_script, env=env)
             else:
-                call(installation_path / "bin/python3", resources.INSTALL_CERTIFI_SCRIPT, env=env)
+                call(installation_path / "bin/python3", install_certifi_script, env=env)
 
     return installation_path / "bin" / (f"python{version}t" if free_threading else "python3")
 
@@ -193,29 +198,21 @@ def install_pypy(tmp: Path, url: str) -> Path:
     return installation_path / "bin" / "pypy3"
 
 
-def install_graalpy(tmp: Path, url: str) -> Path:
-    graalpy_archive = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
-    extension = ".tar.gz"
-    assert graalpy_archive.endswith(extension)
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / graalpy_archive[: -len(extension)]
-    with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
-        if not installation_path.exists():
-            downloaded_archive = tmp / graalpy_archive
-            download(url, downloaded_archive)
-            installation_path.mkdir(parents=True)
-            # GraalPy top-folder name is inconsistent with archive name
-            call("tar", "-C", installation_path, "--strip-components=1", "-xzf", downloaded_archive)
-            downloaded_archive.unlink()
-    return installation_path / "bin" / "graalpy"
+def can_use_uv(python_configuration: PythonConfiguration) -> bool:
+    conditions = (Version(python_configuration.version) >= Version("3.8"),)
+    return all(conditions)
 
 
 def setup_python(
     tmp: Path,
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
-    dependency_constraint: Path | None,
+    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
     build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
 ) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
+    if build_frontend == "build[uv]" and not can_use_uv(python_configuration):
+        build_frontend = "build"
+
     uv_path = find_uv()
     use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]"
 
@@ -230,14 +227,12 @@ def setup_python(
 
     elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
         base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.url)
-    elif implementation_id.startswith("gp"):
-        base_python = install_graalpy(tmp, python_configuration.url)
     else:
         msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
         raise ValueError(msg)
-    assert base_python.exists(), (
-        f"{base_python.name} not found, has {list(base_python.parent.iterdir())}"
-    )
+    assert (
+        base_python.exists()
+    ), f"{base_python.name} not found, has {list(base_python.parent.iterdir())}"
 
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
     venv_path = tmp / "venv"
@@ -245,7 +240,7 @@ def setup_python(
         python_configuration.version,
         base_python,
         venv_path,
-        dependency_constraint,
+        dependency_constraint_flags,
         use_uv=use_uv,
     )
     venv_bin_path = venv_path / "bin"
@@ -261,6 +256,25 @@ def setup_python(
     # we version pip ourselves, so we don't care about pip version checking
     env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
 
+    # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
+    # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip'
+    if build_frontend == "build[uv]":
+        assert uv_path is not None
+        pip = [str(uv_path), "pip"]
+    else:
+        pip = ["python", "-m", "pip"]
+
+    if not use_uv:
+        call(
+            *pip,
+            "install",
+            "--upgrade",
+            "pip",
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
+            env=env,
+            cwd=venv_path,
+        )
+
     # Apply our environment after pip is ready
     env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
 
@@ -268,7 +282,7 @@ def setup_python(
     which_python = call("which", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
     print(which_python)
     if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
-        msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
+        msg = "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
     call("python", "--version", env=env)
 
@@ -278,7 +292,7 @@ def setup_python(
         which_pip = call("which", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
         print(which_pip)
         if which_pip != str(venv_bin_path / "pip"):
-            msg = "pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
+            msg = "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
             raise errors.FatalError(msg)
         call("pip", "--version", env=env)
 
@@ -308,19 +322,20 @@ def setup_python(
         )
         env["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"] = default_target
 
-    if config_is_arm64:
-        # macOS 11 is the first OS with arm64 support, so the wheels
-        # have that as a minimum.
-        env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-11.0-arm64")
-        env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch arm64")
-    elif config_is_universal2:
-        env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-10.9-universal2")
-        env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch arm64 -arch x86_64")
-    elif python_configuration.identifier.endswith("x86_64"):
-        # even on the macos11.0 Python installer, on the x86_64 side it's
-        # compatible back to 10.9.
-        env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-10.9-x86_64")
-        env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch x86_64")
+    if python_configuration.version not in {"3.6", "3.7"}:
+        if config_is_arm64:
+            # macOS 11 is the first OS with arm64 support, so the wheels
+            # have that as a minimum.
+            env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-11.0-arm64")
+            env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch arm64")
+        elif config_is_universal2:
+            env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-10.9-universal2")
+            env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch arm64 -arch x86_64")
+        elif python_configuration.identifier.endswith("x86_64"):
+            # even on the macos11.0 Python installer, on the x86_64 side it's
+            # compatible back to 10.9.
+            env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-10.9-x86_64")
+            env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch x86_64")
 
     building_arm64 = config_is_arm64 or config_is_universal2
     if building_arm64 and get_macos_version() < (10, 16) and "SDKROOT" not in env:
@@ -351,7 +366,7 @@ def setup_python(
             "install",
             "--upgrade",
             "delocate",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
             env=env,
         )
     elif build_frontend == "build":
@@ -361,7 +376,7 @@ def setup_python(
             "--upgrade",
             "delocate",
             "build[virtualenv]",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
             env=env,
         )
     elif build_frontend == "build[uv]":
@@ -373,7 +388,7 @@ def setup_python(
             "--upgrade",
             "delocate",
             "build[virtualenv, uv]",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
             env=env,
         )
     else:
@@ -407,8 +422,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
-            use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]"
+            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
+            use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" and can_use_uv(config)
             uv_path = find_uv()
             if use_uv and uv_path is None:
                 msg = "uv not found"
@@ -424,18 +439,22 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             config_is_arm64 = config.identifier.endswith("arm64")
             config_is_universal2 = config.identifier.endswith("universal2")
 
-            constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                version=config.version, tmp_dir=identifier_tmp_dir
-            )
+            dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr] = []
+            if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+                dependency_constraint_flags = [
+                    "-c",
+                    build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version),
+                ]
 
             base_python, env = setup_python(
                 identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
                 config,
-                constraints_path,
+                dependency_constraint_flags,
                 build_options.environment,
                 build_frontend.name,
             )
-            pip_version = None if use_uv else get_pip_version(env)
+            if not use_uv:
+                pip_version = get_pip_version(env)
 
             compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
             if compatible_wheel:
@@ -455,19 +474,24 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 log.step("Building wheel...")
                 built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
-                extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                extra_flags = split_config_settings(
+                    build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name
                 )
+                extra_flags += build_frontend.args
 
                 build_env = env.copy()
-                if pip_version is not None:
+                if not use_uv:
                     build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                if constraints_path:
+                if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+                    constraint_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                        config.version
+                    )
                     combine_constraints(
-                        build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir if use_uv else None
+                        build_env, constraint_path, identifier_tmp_dir if use_uv else None
                     )
 
                 if build_frontend.name == "pip":
+                    extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                     # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                     # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
                     call(
@@ -482,6 +506,9 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         env=build_env,
                     )
                 elif build_frontend.name == "build" or build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
+                    if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
+                        msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
+                        log.warning(msg)
                     if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
                         extra_flags.append("--installer=uv")
                     call(
@@ -614,6 +641,13 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         else f"Testing wheel on {testing_arch}..."
                     )
 
+                    # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
+                    # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
+                    if not use_uv:
+                        call("pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
+
+                    venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / f"venv-test-{testing_arch}"
+
                     arch_prefix = []
                     uv_arch_args = []
                     if testing_arch != machine_arch:
@@ -629,28 +663,27 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     call_with_arch = functools.partial(call, *arch_prefix)
                     shell_with_arch = functools.partial(call, *arch_prefix, "/bin/sh", "-c")
 
-                    # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
-                    # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-                    venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / f"venv-test-{testing_arch}"
-                    virtualenv_env = virtualenv(
-                        config.version,
-                        base_python,
-                        venv_dir,
-                        None,
-                        use_uv=use_uv,
-                        env=env,
-                        pip_version=pip_version,
-                    )
                     if use_uv:
                         pip_install = functools.partial(call, *pip, "install", *uv_arch_args)
+                        call("uv", "venv", venv_dir, f"--python={base_python}", env=env)
                     else:
                         pip_install = functools.partial(call_with_arch, *pip, "install")
+                        # Use pip version from the initial env to ensure determinism
+                        venv_args = ["--no-periodic-update", f"--pip={pip_version}"]
+                        # In Python<3.12, setuptools & wheel are installed as well, use virtualenv embedded ones
+                        if Version(config.version) < Version("3.12"):
+                            venv_args.extend(("--setuptools=embed", "--wheel=embed"))
+                        call_with_arch("python", "-m", "virtualenv", *venv_args, venv_dir, env=env)
 
+                    virtualenv_env = env.copy()
                     virtualenv_env["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"] = get_test_macosx_deployment_target()
-
-                    virtualenv_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
-                        prev_environment=virtualenv_env
+                    virtualenv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
+                        [
+                            str(venv_dir / "bin"),
+                            virtualenv_env["PATH"],
+                        ]
                     )
+                    virtualenv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_dir)
 
                     # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
                     call_with_arch("which", "python", env=virtualenv_env)
@@ -698,30 +731,14 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     # and not the repo code)
                     test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
                         build_options.test_command,
-                        project=Path.cwd(),
+                        project=Path(".").resolve(),
                         package=build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
                         wheel=repaired_wheel,
                     )
 
                     test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"
-
-                    if build_options.test_sources:
-                        # only create test_cwd if it doesn't already exist - it
-                        # may have been created during a previous `testing_arch`
-                        if not test_cwd.exists():
-                            test_cwd.mkdir()
-                            copy_test_sources(
-                                build_options.test_sources,
-                                Path.cwd(),
-                                test_cwd,
-                            )
-                    else:
-                        # Use the test_fail.py file to raise a nice error if the user
-                        # tries to run tests in the cwd
-                        test_cwd.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-                        (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(
-                            resources.TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE.read_text()
-                        )
+                    test_cwd.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+                    (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(test_fail_cwd_file.read_text())
 
                     shell_with_arch(test_command_prepared, cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)
 
@@ -731,7 +748,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
                 if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
                     log.warning(
-                        f"{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
+                        "{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
                     )
                 built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
 

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import dataclasses
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import io
 import json
 import os
@@ -11,17 +12,24 @@ import textwrap
 import typing
 import uuid
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from enum import Enum
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import IO, Literal, Self, assert_never
+from typing import IO, Dict, Literal
 
-from .ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
+from ._compat.typing import Self, assert_never
 from .errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
 from .logger import log
-from .typing import PathOrStr
-from .util.cmd import call
-from .util.helpers import FlexibleVersion, parse_key_value_string, strtobool
+from .typing import PathOrStr, PopenBytes
+from .util import (
+    CIProvider,
+    FlexibleVersion,
+    call,
+    detect_ci_provider,
+    parse_key_value_string,
+    strtobool,
+)
 
 ContainerEngineName = Literal["docker", "podman"]
 
@@ -33,19 +41,17 @@ class OCIPlatform(Enum):
     ARMV7 = "linux/arm/v7"
     ARM64 = "linux/arm64"
     PPC64LE = "linux/ppc64le"
-    RISCV64 = "linux/riscv64"
     S390X = "linux/s390x"
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
     name: ContainerEngineName
-    _: dataclasses.KW_ONLY
-    create_args: tuple[str, ...] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=tuple)
+    create_args: tuple[str, ...] = field(default_factory=tuple)
     disable_host_mount: bool = False
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self:
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_config_string(config_string: str) -> OCIContainerEngineConfig:
         config_dict = parse_key_value_string(
             config_string,
             ["name"],
@@ -75,7 +81,9 @@ class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
             else:
                 create_args = [arg for arg in create_args if not arg.startswith("--platform=")]
 
-        return cls(name=name, create_args=tuple(create_args), disable_host_mount=disable_host_mount)
+        return OCIContainerEngineConfig(
+            name=name, create_args=tuple(create_args), disable_host_mount=disable_host_mount
+        )
 
     def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
         if not self.create_args:
@@ -162,7 +170,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
 
     UTILITY_PYTHON = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39/bin/python"
 
-    process: subprocess.Popen[bytes]
+    process: PopenBytes
     bash_stdin: IO[bytes]
     bash_stdout: IO[bytes]
 
@@ -191,7 +199,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
         if oci_platform is None:
             oci_platform = self.oci_platform
 
-        # we need '--pull=always' otherwise some images with the wrong platform get reused (e.g. 386 image for amd64)
+        # we need '--pull=always' otherwise some images with the wrong platform get re-used (e.g. 386 image for amd64)
         # c.f. https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/48197#issuecomment-2282802313
         pull = "always"
         try:
@@ -343,7 +351,6 @@ class OCIContainer:
             )
         else:
             exec_process: subprocess.Popen[bytes]
-            self.call(["mkdir", "-p", to_path.parent])
             with subprocess.Popen(
                 [
                     self.engine.name,
@@ -482,7 +489,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
                 capture_output=True,
             )
         )
-        return typing.cast(dict[str, str], env)
+        return typing.cast(Dict[str, str], env)
 
     def environment_executor(self, command: Sequence[str], environment: dict[str, str]) -> str:
         # used as an EnvironmentExecutor to evaluate commands and capture output

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import collections
 import configparser
 import contextlib
@@ -7,51 +9,39 @@ import enum
 import functools
 import shlex
 import textwrap
-import tomllib
-from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence, Set
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Set
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Final, Literal, Self, assert_never
+from typing import Any, Literal, Mapping, Sequence, Union  # noqa: TID251
 
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 
 from . import errors
+from ._compat import tomllib
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
-from .frontend import BuildFrontendConfig
 from .logger import log
 from .oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
 from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, resolve_dependency_groups
-from .selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, TestSelector, selector_matches
 from .typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
-from .util import resources
-from .util.helpers import format_safe, strtobool, unwrap
-from .util.packaging import DependencyConstraints
-
-MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
-    "x86_64",
-    "i686",
-    "pypy_x86_64",
-    "aarch64",
-    "ppc64le",
-    "s390x",
-    "armv7l",
-    "riscv64",
-    "pypy_aarch64",
-    "pypy_i686",
-)
-
-MUSLLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
-    "x86_64",
-    "i686",
-    "aarch64",
-    "ppc64le",
-    "s390x",
-    "armv7l",
-    "riscv64",
+from .util import (
+    MANYLINUX_ARCHS,
+    MUSLLINUX_ARCHS,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildSelector,
+    DependencyConstraints,
+    EnableGroups,
+    TestSelector,
+    format_safe,
+    read_python_configs,
+    resources_dir,
+    selector_matches,
+    strtobool,
+    unwrap,
 )
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(kw_only=True)
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class CommandLineArguments:
     platform: Literal["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"] | None
     archs: str | None
@@ -61,26 +51,26 @@ class CommandLineArguments:
     package_dir: Path
     print_build_identifiers: bool
     allow_empty: bool
+    prerelease_pythons: bool
     debug_traceback: bool
-    enable: list[str]
 
-    @classmethod
-    def defaults(cls) -> Self:
-        return cls(
+    @staticmethod
+    def defaults() -> CommandLineArguments:
+        return CommandLineArguments(
             platform="auto",
             allow_empty=False,
             archs=None,
             only=None,
             config_file="",
             output_dir=Path("wheelhouse"),
-            package_dir=Path(),
+            package_dir=Path("."),
+            prerelease_pythons=False,
             print_build_identifiers=False,
             debug_traceback=False,
-            enable=[],
         )
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class GlobalOptions:
     package_dir: Path
     output_dir: Path
@@ -90,29 +80,25 @@ class GlobalOptions:
     allow_empty: bool
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class BuildOptions:
     globals: GlobalOptions
     environment: ParsedEnvironment
     before_all: str
     before_build: str | None
-    xbuild_tools: list[str] | None
     repair_command: str
     manylinux_images: dict[str, str] | None
     musllinux_images: dict[str, str] | None
-    dependency_constraints: DependencyConstraints
+    dependency_constraints: DependencyConstraints | None
     test_command: str | None
     before_test: str | None
-    test_sources: list[str]
     test_requires: list[str]
     test_extras: str
     test_groups: list[str]
-    test_environment: ParsedEnvironment
     build_verbosity: int
     build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig | None
     config_settings: str
     container_engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig
-    pyodide_version: str | None
 
     @property
     def package_dir(self) -> Path:
@@ -135,16 +121,10 @@ class BuildOptions:
         return self.globals.architectures
 
 
-SettingLeaf = str | int | bool
+SettingLeaf = Union[str, int, bool]
 SettingList = Sequence[SettingLeaf]
-SettingTable = Mapping[str, SettingLeaf | SettingList]
-SettingValue = SettingTable | SettingList | SettingLeaf
-
-
-class InheritRule(enum.Enum):
-    NONE = enum.auto()
-    APPEND = enum.auto()
-    PREPEND = enum.auto()
+SettingTable = Mapping[str, Union[SettingLeaf, SettingList]]
+SettingValue = Union[SettingTable, SettingList, SettingLeaf]
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -191,12 +171,11 @@ class ListFormat(OptionFormat):
     A format that joins lists with a separator.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, sep: str, quote: Callable[[str], str] | None = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, sep: str) -> None:
         self.sep = sep
-        self.quote = quote or (lambda s: s)
 
     def format_list(self, value: SettingList) -> str:
-        return self.sep.join(self.quote(str(v)) for v in value)
+        return self.sep.join(str(v) for v in value)
 
     def merge_values(self, before: str, after: str) -> str:
         return f"{before}{self.sep}{after}"
@@ -225,7 +204,8 @@ class ShlexTableFormat(OptionFormat):
             if isinstance(v, str):
                 assignments.append((k, v))
             elif isinstance(v, Sequence):
-                assignments.extend((k, str(inner_v)) for inner_v in v)
+                for inner_v in v:
+                    assignments.append((k, str(inner_v)))
             else:
                 assignments.append((k, str(v)))
 
@@ -280,6 +260,12 @@ class EnvironmentFormat(OptionFormat):
         return f"{before} {after}"
 
 
+class InheritRule(enum.Enum):
+    NONE = enum.auto()
+    APPEND = enum.auto()
+    PREPEND = enum.auto()
+
+
 def _resolve_cascade(
     *pairs: tuple[SettingValue | None, InheritRule],
     ignore_empty: bool = False,
@@ -373,7 +359,7 @@ def _stringify_setting(
             msg = f"Error converting {setting!r} to a string: this setting doesn't accept a list"
             raise OptionsReaderError(msg) from None
 
-    if isinstance(setting, bool | int):
+    if isinstance(setting, (bool, int)):
         return str(setting)
 
     return setting
@@ -409,7 +395,8 @@ class OptionsReader:
         self.disallow = disallow or {}
 
         # Open defaults.toml, loading both global and platform sections
-        self.default_options, self.default_platform_options = self._load_file(resources.DEFAULTS)
+        defaults_path = resources_dir / "defaults.toml"
+        self.default_options, self.default_platform_options = self._load_file(defaults_path)
 
         # Load the project config file
         config_options: dict[str, Any] = {}
@@ -580,7 +567,7 @@ class Options:
         self.command_line_arguments = command_line_arguments
         self.env = env
         self._defaults = defaults
-        self._image_warnings = set[str]()
+        self._image_warnings: set[str] = set()
 
         self.reader = OptionsReader(
             None if defaults else self.config_file_path,
@@ -596,10 +583,6 @@ class Options:
         except FileNotFoundError:
             self.pyproject_toml = None
 
-        # cache the build options method so repeated calls don't need to
-        # resolve the options again
-        self.build_options = functools.cache(self._compute_build_options)
-
     @functools.cached_property
     def config_file_path(self) -> Path | None:
         args = self.command_line_arguments
@@ -635,14 +618,28 @@ class Options:
         enable_groups = self.reader.get(
             "enable", env_plat=False, option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "), env_rule=InheritRule.APPEND
         )
-        try:
-            enable = {
-                *EnableGroup.parse_option_value(enable_groups),
-                *EnableGroup.parse_option_value(" ".join(args.enable)),
-            }
-        except ValueError as e:
-            msg = f"Failed to parse enable group. {e}. Valid group names are: {', '.join(g.value for g in EnableGroup)}"
-            raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
+        enable = {EnableGroups(group) for group in enable_groups.split()}
+
+        free_threaded_support = strtobool(
+            self.reader.get("free-threaded-support", env_plat=False, ignore_empty=True)
+        )
+
+        prerelease_pythons = args.prerelease_pythons or strtobool(
+            self.env.get("CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS", "0")
+        )
+
+        if free_threaded_support or prerelease_pythons:
+            msg = (
+                "free-threaded-support and prerelease-pythons should be specified by enable instead"
+            )
+            if enable:
+                raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
+            log.warning(msg)
+
+        if free_threaded_support:
+            enable.add(EnableGroups.CPythonFreeThreading)
+        if prerelease_pythons:
+            enable.add(EnableGroups.CPythonPrerelease)
 
         # This is not supported in tool.cibuildwheel, as it comes from a standard location.
         # Passing this in as an environment variable will override pyproject.toml, setup.cfg, or setup.py
@@ -659,16 +656,30 @@ class Options:
             build_config = args.only
             skip_config = ""
             architectures = Architecture.all_archs(self.platform)
-            enable = set(EnableGroup)
+            enable = set(EnableGroups)
 
         build_selector = BuildSelector(
             build_config=build_config,
             skip_config=skip_config,
             requires_python=requires_python,
-            enable=frozenset(enable),
+            enable=frozenset(
+                enable | {EnableGroups.PyPy}
+            ),  # For backwards compatibility, we are adding PyPy for now
         )
         test_selector = TestSelector(skip_config=test_skip)
 
+        all_configs = read_python_configs(self.platform)
+        all_pypy_ids = {
+            config["identifier"] for config in all_configs if config["identifier"].startswith("pp")
+        }
+        if (
+            not self._defaults
+            and EnableGroups.PyPy not in enable
+            and any(build_selector(build_id) for build_id in all_pypy_ids)
+        ):
+            msg = "PyPy builds will be disabled by default in version 3. Enabling PyPy builds should be specified by enable"
+            log.warning(msg)
+
         return GlobalOptions(
             package_dir=package_dir,
             output_dir=output_dir,
@@ -679,18 +690,10 @@ class Options:
         )
 
     def _check_pinned_image(self, value: str, pinned_images: Mapping[str, str]) -> None:
-        error_set = {"manylinux1", "manylinux2010", "manylinux_2_24", "musllinux_1_1"}
-        warning_set: set[str] = set()
-
-        if value in error_set:
-            msg = (
-                f"cibuildwheel 3.x does not support the image {value!r}. Either upgrade to a "
-                "supported image or continue using the image by pinning it directly with"
-                " its full OCI registry '<name>{:<tag>|@<digest>}'."
-            )
-            raise errors.DeprecationError(msg)
-
-        if value in warning_set and value not in self._image_warnings:
+        if (
+            value in {"manylinux1", "manylinux2010", "manylinux_2_24", "musllinux_1_1"}
+            and value not in self._image_warnings
+        ):
             self._image_warnings.add(value)
             msg = (
                 f"Deprecated image {value!r}. This value will not work"
@@ -700,11 +703,9 @@ class Options:
             )
             log.warning(msg)
 
-    def _compute_build_options(self, identifier: str | None) -> BuildOptions:
+    def build_options(self, identifier: str | None) -> BuildOptions:
         """
-        Compute BuildOptions for a single run configuration. Normally accessed
-        through the `build_options` method, which is the same but the result
-        is cached.
+        Compute BuildOptions for a single run configuration.
         """
 
         with self.reader.identifier(identifier):
@@ -722,34 +723,9 @@ class Options:
                 "config-settings", option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep=" ", pair_sep="=")
             )
 
+            dependency_versions = self.reader.get("dependency-versions")
             test_command = self.reader.get("test-command", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" && "))
             before_test = self.reader.get("before-test", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" && "))
-            xbuild_tools: list[str] | None = shlex.split(
-                self.reader.get(
-                    "xbuild-tools", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ", quote=shlex.quote)
-                )
-            )
-            # ["\u0000"] is a sentinel value used as a default, because TOML
-            # doesn't have an explicit NULL value. If xbuild-tools is set to the
-            # sentinel, it indicates that the user hasn't defined xbuild-tools
-            # *at all* (not even an `xbuild-tools = []` definition).
-            if xbuild_tools == ["\u0000"]:
-                xbuild_tools = None
-
-            test_sources = shlex.split(
-                self.reader.get(
-                    "test-sources", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ", quote=shlex.quote)
-                )
-            )
-            test_environment_config = self.reader.get(
-                "test-environment", option_format=EnvironmentFormat()
-            )
-            try:
-                test_environment = parse_environment(test_environment_config)
-            except (EnvironmentParseError, ValueError) as e:
-                msg = f"Malformed environment option {test_environment_config!r}"
-                raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
-
             test_requires = self.reader.get(
                 "test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
             ).split()
@@ -788,18 +764,15 @@ class Options:
                     with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
                         environment.add(env_var_name, self.env[env_var_name], prepend=True)
 
-            dependency_versions_str = self.reader.get(
-                "dependency-versions",
-                env_plat=True,
-                option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
-            )
-            try:
-                dependency_constraints = DependencyConstraints.from_config_string(
-                    dependency_versions_str
-                )
-            except (ValueError, OSError) as e:
-                msg = f"Failed to parse dependency versions. {e}"
-                raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
+            if dependency_versions == "pinned":
+                dependency_constraints: None | (
+                    DependencyConstraints
+                ) = DependencyConstraints.with_defaults()
+            elif dependency_versions == "latest":
+                dependency_constraints = None
+            else:
+                dependency_versions_path = Path(dependency_versions)
+                dependency_constraints = DependencyConstraints(dependency_versions_path)
 
             if test_extras:
                 test_extras = f"[{test_extras}]"
@@ -818,26 +791,35 @@ class Options:
 
                 for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS:
                     pinned_images = all_pinned_container_images[build_platform]
+
                     config_value = self.reader.get(
                         f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image", ignore_empty=True
                     )
-                    self._check_pinned_image(config_value, pinned_images)
-                    if config_value in pinned_images:
+
+                    if not config_value:
+                        # default to manylinux2014
+                        image = pinned_images["manylinux2014"]
+                    elif config_value in pinned_images:
+                        self._check_pinned_image(config_value, pinned_images)
                         image = pinned_images[config_value]
                     else:
                         image = config_value
+
                     manylinux_images[build_platform] = image
 
                 for build_platform in MUSLLINUX_ARCHS:
                     pinned_images = all_pinned_container_images[build_platform]
-                    config_value = self.reader.get(
-                        f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image", ignore_empty=True
-                    )
-                    self._check_pinned_image(config_value, pinned_images)
-                    if config_value in pinned_images:
+
+                    config_value = self.reader.get(f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image")
+
+                    if not config_value:
+                        image = pinned_images["musllinux_1_2"]
+                    elif config_value in pinned_images:
+                        self._check_pinned_image(config_value, pinned_images)
                         image = pinned_images[config_value]
                     else:
                         image = config_value
+
                     musllinux_images[build_platform] = image
 
             container_engine_str = self.reader.get(
@@ -851,13 +833,9 @@ class Options:
                 msg = f"Failed to parse container config. {e}"
                 raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
 
-            pyodide_version = self.reader.get("pyodide-version", env_plat=False)
-
             return BuildOptions(
                 globals=self.globals,
                 test_command=test_command,
-                test_sources=test_sources,
-                test_environment=test_environment,
                 test_requires=[*test_requires, *test_requirements_from_groups],
                 test_extras=test_extras,
                 test_groups=test_groups,
@@ -865,7 +843,6 @@ class Options:
                 before_build=before_build,
                 before_all=before_all,
                 build_verbosity=build_verbosity,
-                xbuild_tools=xbuild_tools,
                 repair_command=repair_command,
                 environment=environment,
                 dependency_constraints=dependency_constraints,
@@ -874,7 +851,6 @@ class Options:
                 build_frontend=build_frontend,
                 config_settings=config_settings,
                 container_engine=container_engine,
-                pyodide_version=pyodide_version or None,
             )
 
     def check_for_invalid_configuration(self, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> None:
@@ -892,9 +868,17 @@ class Options:
                     )
                 )
 
+    def check_for_deprecated_options(self) -> None:
+        build_selector = self.globals.build_selector
+        test_selector = self.globals.test_selector
+
+        deprecated_selectors("CIBW_BUILD", build_selector.build_config, error=True)
+        deprecated_selectors("CIBW_SKIP", build_selector.skip_config)
+        deprecated_selectors("CIBW_TEST_SKIP", test_selector.skip_config)
+
     @functools.cached_property
-    def defaults(self) -> Self:
-        return self.__class__(
+    def defaults(self) -> Options:
+        return Options(
             platform=self.platform,
             command_line_arguments=CommandLineArguments.defaults(),
             env={},
@@ -977,15 +961,13 @@ class Options:
 
         return result
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def indent_if_multiline(value: str, indent: str) -> str:
+    def indent_if_multiline(self, value: str, indent: str) -> str:
         if "\n" in value:
             return "\n" + textwrap.indent(value.strip(), indent)
         else:
             return value
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def option_summary_value(option_value: Any) -> str:
+    def option_summary_value(self, option_value: Any) -> str:
         if hasattr(option_value, "options_summary"):
             option_value = option_value.options_summary()
 
@@ -1006,10 +988,12 @@ def compute_options(
     command_line_arguments: CommandLineArguments,
     env: Mapping[str, str],
 ) -> Options:
-    return Options(platform=platform, command_line_arguments=command_line_arguments, env=env)
+    options = Options(platform=platform, command_line_arguments=command_line_arguments, env=env)
+    options.check_for_deprecated_options()
+    return options
 
 
-@functools.cache
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
 def _get_pinned_container_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
     """
     This looks like a dict of dicts, e.g.
@@ -1018,6 +1002,16 @@ def _get_pinned_container_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
       'pypy_x86_64': {'manylinux2010': '...' }
       ... }
     """
+
+    pinned_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
     all_pinned_images = configparser.ConfigParser()
-    all_pinned_images.read(resources.PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES)
+    all_pinned_images.read(pinned_images_file)
     return all_pinned_images
+
+
+def deprecated_selectors(name: str, selector: str, *, error: bool = False) -> None:
+    if "p2" in selector or "p35" in selector:
+        msg = f"cibuildwheel 2.x no longer supports Python < 3.6. Please use the 1.x series or update {name}"
+        if error:
+            raise errors.DeprecationError(msg)
+        log.warning(msg)

cibuildwheel/platforms/__init__.py

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from collections.abc import Sequence
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Final, Protocol
-
-from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from cibuildwheel.platforms import ios, linux, macos, pyodide, windows
-from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from cibuildwheel.typing import GenericPythonConfiguration, PlatformName
-
-
-class PlatformModule(Protocol):
-    # note that as per PEP544, the self argument is ignored when the protocol
-    # is applied to a module
-    def all_python_configurations(self) -> Sequence[GenericPythonConfiguration]: ...
-
-    def get_python_configurations(
-        self, build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: set[Architecture]
-    ) -> Sequence[GenericPythonConfiguration]: ...
-
-    def build(self, options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None: ...
-
-
-ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES: Final[dict[PlatformName, PlatformModule]] = {
-    "linux": linux,
-    "windows": windows,
-    "macos": macos,
-    "pyodide": pyodide,
-    "ios": ios,
-}
-
-
-def get_build_identifiers(
-    platform_module: PlatformModule,
-    build_selector: BuildSelector,
-    architectures: set[Architecture],
-) -> list[str]:
-    python_configurations = platform_module.get_python_configurations(build_selector, architectures)
-    return [config.identifier for config in python_configurations]

cibuildwheel/platforms/ios.py

@@ -1,689 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import dataclasses
-import os
-import shlex
-import shutil
-import subprocess
-import sys
-import textwrap
-from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import assert_never
-
-from filelock import FileLock
-
-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import (
-    BuildFrontendConfig,
-    BuildFrontendName,
-    get_build_frontend_extra_flags,
-)
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell, split_command
-from ..util.file import (
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-    copy_test_sources,
-    download,
-    move_file,
-)
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import (
-    combine_constraints,
-    find_compatible_wheel,
-    get_pip_version,
-)
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
-from .macos import install_cpython as install_build_cpython
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
-class PythonConfiguration:
-    version: str
-    identifier: str
-    url: str
-    build_url: str
-
-    @property
-    def sdk(self) -> str:
-        return self.multiarch.rsplit("-", 1)[1]
-
-    @property
-    def arch(self) -> str:
-        return self.multiarch.rsplit("-", 1)[0]
-
-    @property
-    def multiarch(self) -> str:
-        # The multiarch identifier, as reported by `sys.implementation._multiarch`
-        return "-".join(self.identifier.split("-ios_")[1].rsplit("_", 1))
-
-    @property
-    def is_simulator(self) -> bool:
-        return self.identifier.endswith("_iphonesimulator")
-
-    @property
-    def xcframework_slice(self) -> str:
-        "XCframeworks include binaries for multiple ABIs; which ABI section should be used?"
-        return "ios-arm64_x86_64-simulator" if self.is_simulator else "ios-arm64"
-
-
-def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    # iOS builds are always cross builds; we need to install a macOS Python as
-    # well. Rather than duplicate the location of the URL of macOS installers,
-    # load the macos configurations, determine the macOS configuration that
-    # matches the platform we're building, and embed that URL in the parsed iOS
-    # configuration.
-    macos_python_configs = resources.read_python_configs("macos")
-
-    def build_url(config_dict: dict[str, str]) -> str:
-        # The iOS identifier will be something like cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos.
-        # Drop the iphoneos suffix, then replace ios with macosx to yield
-        # cp313-macosx_arm64, which will be a macOS build identifier.
-        modified_ios_identifier = config_dict["identifier"].rsplit("_", 1)[0]
-        macos_identifier = modified_ios_identifier.replace("ios", "macosx")
-        matching = [
-            config for config in macos_python_configs if config["identifier"] == macos_identifier
-        ]
-        return matching[0]["url"]
-
-    # Load the platform configuration
-    full_python_configs = resources.read_python_configs("ios")
-    # Build the configurations, annotating with macOS URL details.
-    return [
-        PythonConfiguration(
-            **item,
-            build_url=build_url(item),
-        )
-        for item in full_python_configs
-    ]
-
-
-def get_python_configurations(
-    build_selector: BuildSelector,
-    architectures: Set[Architecture],
-) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    python_configurations = all_python_configurations()
-
-    # Filter out configs that don't match any of the selected architectures
-    python_configurations = [
-        c
-        for c in python_configurations
-        if any(c.identifier.endswith(f"-ios_{a.value}") for a in architectures)
-    ]
-
-    # Skip builds as required by BUILD/SKIP
-    python_configurations = [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]
-
-    return python_configurations
-
-
-def install_target_cpython(tmp: Path, config: PythonConfiguration, free_threading: bool) -> Path:
-    if free_threading:
-        msg = "Free threading builds aren't available for iOS (yet)"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-    # Install an iOS build of CPython
-    ios_python_tar_gz = config.url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
-    extension = ".tar.gz"
-    assert ios_python_tar_gz.endswith(extension)
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / ios_python_tar_gz[: -len(extension)]
-    with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
-        if not installation_path.exists():
-            downloaded_tar_gz = tmp / ios_python_tar_gz
-            download(config.url, downloaded_tar_gz)
-            installation_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            call("tar", "-C", installation_path, "-xf", downloaded_tar_gz)
-            downloaded_tar_gz.unlink()
-
-    return installation_path
-
-
-def cross_virtualenv(
-    *,
-    py_version: str,
-    target_python: Path,
-    multiarch: str,
-    build_python: Path,
-    venv_path: Path,
-    dependency_constraint: Path | None,
-    xbuild_tools: Sequence[str] | None,
-) -> dict[str, str]:
-    """Create a cross-compilation virtual environment.
-
-    In a cross-compilation environment, the *target* is the platform where the
-    code will ultimately run, and the *build* is the platform where you're
-    running the compilation. When building iOS wheels, iOS is the target machine
-    and macOS is the build machine. The terminology around these machines varies
-    between build tools (configure uses "host" and "build"; cmake uses "target" and
-    "build host").
-
-    A cross-compilation virtualenv is an environment that is based on the
-    *build* python (so that binaries can execute); but it modifies the
-    environment at startup so that any request for platform details (such as
-    `sys.platform` or `sysconfig.get_platform()`) return details of the target
-    platform. It also applies a loader patch so that any virtualenv created by
-    the cross-compilation environment will also be a cross-compilation
-    environment.
-
-    :param py_version: The Python version (major.minor) in use
-    :param target_python: The path to the python binary for the target platform
-    :param multiarch: The multiarch tag for the target platform (i.e., the value
-        of `sys.implementation._multiarch`)
-    :param build_python: The path to the python binary for the build platform
-    :param venv_path: The path where the cross virtual environment should be
-        created.
-    :param dependency_constraint: A path to a constraint file that should be
-        used when constraining dependencies in the environment.
-    :param xbuild_tools: A list of executable names (without paths) that are
-        on the path, but must be preserved in the cross environment.
-    """
-    # Create an initial macOS virtual environment
-    env = virtualenv(
-        py_version,
-        build_python,
-        venv_path,
-        dependency_constraint,
-        use_uv=False,
-    )
-
-    # Convert the macOS virtual environment into an iOS virtual environment
-    # using the cross-platform conversion script in the iOS distribution.
-
-    # target_python is the path to the Python binary;
-    # determine the root of the XCframework slice that is being used.
-    slice_path = target_python.parent.parent
-    call(
-        "python",
-        str(slice_path / f"platform-config/{multiarch}/make_cross_venv.py"),
-        str(venv_path),
-        env=env,
-        cwd=venv_path,
-    )
-
-    # When running on macOS, it's easy for the build environment to leak into
-    # the target environment, especially when building for ARM64 (because the
-    # build architecture is the same as the target architecture). The primary
-    # culprit for this is Homebrew libraries leaking in as dependencies for iOS
-    # libraries.
-    #
-    # To prevent problems, set the PATH to isolate the build environment from
-    # sources that could introduce incompatible binaries.
-    #
-    # However, there may be some tools on the path that are needed for the
-    # build. Find their location on the path, and link the underlying binaries
-    # (fully resolving symlinks) to a "safe" location that will *only* contain
-    # those tools. This avoids needing to add *all* of Homebrew to the path just
-    # to get access to (for example) cmake for build purposes. A value of None
-    # means the user hasn't provided a list of xbuild tools.
-    xbuild_tools_path = venv_path / "cibw_xbuild_tools"
-    xbuild_tools_path.mkdir()
-    if xbuild_tools is None:
-        log.warning(
-            textwrap.dedent(
-                """
-                Your project configuration does not define any cross-build tools.
-
-                iOS builds use an isolated build environment; if your build process requires any
-                third-party tools (such as cmake, ninja, or rustc), you must explicitly declare
-                that those tools are required using xbuild-tools/CIBW_XBUILD_TOOLS. This will
-                likely manifest as a "somebuildtool: command not found" error.
-
-                If the build succeeds, you can silence this warning by setting adding
-                `xbuild-tools = []` to your pyproject.toml configuration, or exporting
-                CIBW_XBUILD_TOOLS as an empty string into your environment.
-                """
-            )
-        )
-    else:
-        for tool in xbuild_tools:
-            tool_path = shutil.which(tool)
-            if tool_path is None:
-                msg = f"Could not find a {tool!r} executable on the path."
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-            # Link the binary into the safe tools directory
-            original = Path(tool_path).resolve()
-            print(f"{tool!r} will be included in the cross-build environment (using {original})")
-            (xbuild_tools_path / tool).symlink_to(original)
-
-    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
-        [
-            # The target python's binary directory
-            str(target_python.parent),
-            # The cross-platform environment's binary directory
-            str(venv_path / "bin"),
-            # The directory of cross-build tools
-            str(xbuild_tools_path),
-            # The bare minimum Apple system paths.
-            "/usr/bin",
-            "/bin",
-            "/usr/sbin",
-            "/sbin",
-            "/Library/Apple/usr/bin",
-        ]
-    )
-    # Also unset DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH to ensure that no macOS libraries will be
-    # found and linked.
-    env.pop("DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH", None)
-
-    return env
-
-
-def setup_python(
-    tmp: Path,
-    *,
-    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
-    dependency_constraint: Path | None,
-    environment: ParsedEnvironment,
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
-    xbuild_tools: Sequence[str] | None,
-) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
-    if build_frontend == "build[uv]":
-        msg = "uv doesn't support iOS"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-    # An iOS environment requires 2 python installs - one for the build machine
-    # (macOS), and one for the target (iOS). We'll only ever interact with the
-    # *target* python, but the build Python needs to exist to act as the base
-    # for a cross venv.
-    tmp.mkdir()
-    implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
-    log.step(f"Installing Build Python {implementation_id}...")
-    if implementation_id.startswith("cp"):
-        free_threading = "t-ios" in python_configuration.identifier
-        build_python = install_build_cpython(
-            tmp,
-            python_configuration.version,
-            python_configuration.build_url,
-            free_threading,
-        )
-    else:
-        msg = f"Unknown Python implementation: {implementation_id}"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-    assert build_python.exists(), (
-        f"{build_python.name} not found, has {list(build_python.parent.iterdir())}"
-    )
-
-    log.step(f"Installing Target Python {implementation_id}...")
-    target_install_path = install_target_cpython(tmp, python_configuration, free_threading)
-    target_python = (
-        target_install_path
-        / "Python.xcframework"
-        / python_configuration.xcframework_slice
-        / "bin"
-        / f"python{python_configuration.version}"
-    )
-
-    assert target_python.exists(), (
-        f"{target_python.name} not found, has {list(target_install_path.iterdir())}"
-    )
-
-    log.step("Creating cross build environment...")
-
-    venv_path = tmp / "venv"
-    env = cross_virtualenv(
-        py_version=python_configuration.version,
-        target_python=target_python,
-        multiarch=python_configuration.multiarch,
-        build_python=build_python,
-        venv_path=venv_path,
-        dependency_constraint=dependency_constraint,
-        xbuild_tools=xbuild_tools,
-    )
-    venv_bin_path = venv_path / "bin"
-    assert venv_bin_path.exists()
-
-    # We version pip ourselves, so we don't care about pip version checking
-    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
-
-    # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
-    # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip'
-    pip = ["python", "-m", "pip"]
-    call(
-        *pip,
-        "install",
-        "--upgrade",
-        "pip",
-        *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-        env=env,
-        cwd=venv_path,
-    )
-
-    # Apply our environment after pip is ready
-    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
-
-    # Check what Python version we're on
-    which_python = call("which", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-    print(which_python)
-    if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
-        msg = (
-            "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. "
-            "If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's "
-            "entry or insert python above it."
-        )
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
-
-    # Check what pip version we're on
-    assert (venv_bin_path / "pip").exists()
-    which_pip = call("which", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-    print(which_pip)
-    if which_pip != str(venv_bin_path / "pip"):
-        msg = (
-            "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. "
-            "If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's "
-            "entry or insert pip above it."
-        )
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("pip", "--version", env=env)
-
-    # Ensure that IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET is set in the environment
-    env.setdefault("IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "13.0")
-
-    log.step("Installing build tools...")
-    if build_frontend == "pip":
-        # No additional build tools required
-        pass
-    elif build_frontend == "build":
-        call(
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "build[virtualenv]",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-            env=env,
-        )
-    else:
-        assert_never(build_frontend)
-
-    return target_install_path, env
-
-
-def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    if sys.platform != "darwin":
-        msg = "iOS binaries can only be built on macOS"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
-        build_selector=options.globals.build_selector,
-        architectures=options.globals.architectures,
-    )
-
-    if not python_configurations:
-        return
-
-    try:
-        before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
-        before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
-
-        if before_all_options.before_all:
-            log.step("Running before_all...")
-            env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=os.environ)
-            env.setdefault("IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "13.0")
-            before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
-                before_all_options.before_all,
-                project=".",
-                package=before_all_options.package_dir,
-            )
-            shell(before_all_prepared, env=env)
-
-        built_wheels: list[Path] = []
-
-        for config in python_configurations:
-            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
-            # uv doesn't support iOS
-            if build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
-                msg = "uv doesn't support iOS"
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-            log.build_start(config.identifier)
-
-            identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
-            identifier_tmp_dir.mkdir()
-            built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
-
-            constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                version=config.version, tmp_dir=identifier_tmp_dir
-            )
-
-            target_install_path, env = setup_python(
-                identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
-                python_configuration=config,
-                dependency_constraint=constraints_path,
-                environment=build_options.environment,
-                build_frontend=build_frontend.name,
-                xbuild_tools=build_options.xbuild_tools,
-            )
-            pip_version = get_pip_version(env)
-
-            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
-            if compatible_wheel:
-                log.step_end()
-                print(
-                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name} "
-                    f"that is compatible with {config.identifier}. "
-                    "Skipping build step..."
-                )
-                test_wheel = compatible_wheel
-            else:
-                if build_options.before_build:
-                    log.step("Running before_build...")
-                    before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.before_build,
-                        project=".",
-                        package=build_options.package_dir,
-                    )
-                    shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
-
-                log.step("Building wheel...")
-                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
-
-                extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
-                )
-
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, None)
-
-                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
-                    # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to
-                    # fetch package from pypi.org. See
-                    # https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "pip",
-                        "wheel",
-                        build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
-                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        "--no-deps",
-                        *extra_flags,
-                        env=build_env,
-                    )
-                elif build_frontend.name == "build":
-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "build",
-                        build_options.package_dir,
-                        "--wheel",
-                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        *extra_flags,
-                        env=build_env,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    assert_never(build_frontend)
-
-                test_wheel = built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
-
-                if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                    raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
-
-                log.step_end()
-
-            if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
-                if not config.is_simulator:
-                    log.step("Skipping tests on non-simulator SDK")
-                elif config.arch != os.uname().machine:
-                    log.step("Skipping tests on non-native simulator architecture")
-                else:
-                    test_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
-                        prev_environment=build_env
-                    )
-
-                    if build_options.before_test:
-                        before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
-                            build_options.before_test,
-                            project=".",
-                            package=build_options.package_dir,
-                        )
-                        shell(before_test_prepared, env=test_env)
-
-                    log.step("Setting up test harness...")
-                    # Clone the testbed project into the build directory
-                    testbed_path = identifier_tmp_dir / "testbed"
-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        target_install_path / "testbed",
-                        "clone",
-                        testbed_path,
-                        env=test_env,
-                    )
-
-                    testbed_app_path = testbed_path / "iOSTestbed" / "app"
-
-                    # Copy the test sources to the testbed app
-                    if build_options.test_sources:
-                        copy_test_sources(
-                            build_options.test_sources,
-                            Path.cwd(),
-                            testbed_app_path,
-                        )
-                    else:
-                        (testbed_app_path / "test_fail.py").write_text(
-                            resources.TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE.read_text()
-                        )
-
-                    log.step("Installing test requirements...")
-                    # Install the compiled wheel (with any test extras), plus
-                    # the test requirements. Use the --platform tag to force
-                    # the installation of iOS wheels; this requires the use of
-                    # --only-binary=:all:
-                    ios_version = test_env["IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"]
-                    platform_tag = f"ios_{ios_version.replace('.', '_')}_{config.arch}_{config.sdk}"
-
-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "pip",
-                        "install",
-                        "--only-binary=:all:",
-                        "--platform",
-                        platform_tag,
-                        "--target",
-                        testbed_path / "iOSTestbed" / "app_packages",
-                        f"{test_wheel}{build_options.test_extras}",
-                        *build_options.test_requires,
-                        env=test_env,
-                    )
-
-                    log.step("Running test suite...")
-
-                    # iOS doesn't support placeholders in the test command,
-                    # because the source dir isn't visible on the simulator.
-                    if (
-                        "{project}" in build_options.test_command
-                        or "{package}" in build_options.test_command
-                    ):
-                        msg = unwrap_preserving_paragraphs(
-                            f"""
-                            iOS tests configured with a test command that uses the "{{project}}" or
-                            "{{package}}" placeholder. iOS tests cannot use placeholders, because the
-                            source directory is not visible on the simulator.
-
-                            In addition, iOS tests must run as a Python module, so the test command
-                            must begin with 'python -m'.
-
-                            Test command: {build_options.test_command!r}
-                            """
-                        )
-                        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-                    test_command_list = shlex.split(build_options.test_command)
-                    try:
-                        for test_command_parts in split_command(test_command_list):
-                            match test_command_parts:
-                                case ["python", "-m", *rest]:
-                                    final_command = rest
-                                case ["pytest", *rest]:
-                                    # pytest works exactly the same as a module, so we
-                                    # can just run it as a module.
-                                    msg = unwrap_preserving_paragraphs(f"""
-                                        iOS tests configured with a test command which doesn't start
-                                        with 'python -m'. iOS tests must execute python modules - other
-                                        entrypoints are not supported.
-
-                                        cibuildwheel will try to execute it as if it started with
-                                        'python -m'. If this works, all you need to do is add that to
-                                        your test command.
-
-                                        Test command: {build_options.test_command!r}
-                                    """)
-                                    log.warning(msg)
-                                    final_command = ["pytest", *rest]
-                                case _:
-                                    msg = unwrap_preserving_paragraphs(
-                                        f"""
-                                            iOS tests configured with a test command which doesn't start
-                                            with 'python -m'. iOS tests must execute python modules - other
-                                            entrypoints are not supported.
-
-                                            Test command: {build_options.test_command!r}
-                                        """
-                                    )
-                                    raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-                            call(
-                                "python",
-                                testbed_path,
-                                "run",
-                                *(["--verbose"] if build_options.build_verbosity > 0 else []),
-                                "--",
-                                *final_command,
-                                env=test_env,
-                            )
-                    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-                        # catches the first test command failure in the loop,
-                        # implementing short-circuiting
-                        log.step_end(success=False)
-                        log.error(f"Test suite failed on {config.identifier}")
-                        sys.exit(1)
-
-                    log.step_end()
-
-            # We're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
-            if compatible_wheel is None:
-                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(built_wheel.name)
-                moved_wheel = move_file(built_wheel, output_wheel)
-                if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
-                    log.warning(
-                        f"{built_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
-                    )
-                built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
-
-            # Clean up
-            shutil.rmtree(identifier_tmp_dir)
-
-            log.build_end()
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
-        msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error

cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import ast
 import configparser
 import contextlib

cibuildwheel/pyodide.py

@@ -1,99 +1,54 @@
-import dataclasses
-import functools
-import json
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
-import tomllib
-import typing
-from collections.abc import Set
+from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
-from typing import Final, TypedDict
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
+from . import errors
+from .architecture import Architecture
+from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from .logger import log
+from .options import Options
+from .typing import PathOrStr
+from .util import (
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-    copy_test_sources,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildSelector,
+    call,
+    combine_constraints,
     download,
-    extract_tar,
+    ensure_node,
     extract_zip,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
+    get_pip_version,
     move_file,
+    prepare_command,
+    read_python_configs,
+    shell,
+    split_config_settings,
+    test_fail_cwd_file,
+    virtualenv,
 )
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..util.python_build_standalone import (
-    PythonBuildStandaloneError,
-    create_python_build_standalone_environment,
-)
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
-
-IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
     identifier: str
-    default_pyodide_version: str
+    pyodide_version: str
+    pyodide_build_version: str
+    emscripten_version: str
     node_version: str
 
 
-class PyodideXBuildEnvInfoVersionRange(TypedDict):
-    min: str | None
-    max: str | None
-
-
-class PyodideXBuildEnvInfo(TypedDict):
-    version: str
-    python: str
-    emscripten: str
-    pyodide_build: PyodideXBuildEnvInfoVersionRange
-    compatible: bool
-
-
-@functools.cache
-def ensure_node(major_version: str) -> Path:
-    with resources.NODEJS.open("rb") as f:
-        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
-    version = str(loaded_file[major_version])
-    base_url = str(loaded_file["url"])
-    ext = "zip" if IS_WIN else "tar.xz"
-    platform = "win" if IS_WIN else ("darwin" if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") else "linux")
-    linux_arch = Architecture.native_arch("linux")
-    assert linux_arch is not None
-    arch = {"x86_64": "x64", "i686": "x86", "aarch64": "arm64"}.get(
-        linux_arch.value, linux_arch.value
-    )
-    name = f"node-{version}-{platform}-{arch}"
-    path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / name
-    with FileLock(str(path) + ".lock"):
-        if not path.exists():
-            url = f"{base_url}{version}/{name}.{ext}"
-            with TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_path:
-                archive = Path(tmp_path) / f"{name}.{ext}"
-                download(url, archive)
-                if ext == "zip":
-                    extract_zip(archive, path.parent)
-                else:
-                    extract_tar(archive, path.parent)
-    assert path.exists()
-    if not IS_WIN:
-        return path / "bin"
-    return path
-
-
 def install_emscripten(tmp: Path, version: str) -> Path:
+    # We don't need to match the emsdk version to the version we install, but
+    # we do for stability
     url = f"https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk/archive/refs/tags/{version}.zip"
     installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"emsdk-{version}"
     emsdk_path = installation_path / f"emsdk-{version}/emsdk"
@@ -111,82 +66,16 @@ def install_emscripten(tmp: Path, version: str) -> Path:
     return emcc_path
 
 
-def get_all_xbuildenv_version_info(env: dict[str, str]) -> list[PyodideXBuildEnvInfo]:
-    xbuildenvs_info_str = call(
-        "pyodide",
-        "xbuildenv",
-        "search",
-        "--json",
-        "--all",
-        env=env,
-        cwd=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-        capture_stdout=True,
-    ).strip()
-
-    xbuildenvs_info = json.loads(xbuildenvs_info_str)
-
-    if "environments" not in xbuildenvs_info:
-        msg = f"Invalid xbuildenvs info, got {xbuildenvs_info}"
-        raise ValueError(msg)
-
-    return typing.cast(list[PyodideXBuildEnvInfo], xbuildenvs_info["environments"])
-
-
-def get_xbuildenv_version_info(
-    env: dict[str, str], version: str, pyodide_build_version: str
-) -> PyodideXBuildEnvInfo:
-    xbuildenvs_info = get_all_xbuildenv_version_info(env)
-    for xbuildenv_info in xbuildenvs_info:
-        if xbuildenv_info["version"] == version:
-            return xbuildenv_info
-
-    msg = unwrap(f"""
-        Could not find Pyodide cross-build environment version {version} in the available
-        versions as reported by pyodide-build v{pyodide_build_version}.
-        Available pyodide xbuildenv versions are:
-        {", ".join(e["version"] for e in xbuildenvs_info if e["compatible"])}
-    """)
-    raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-
-# The default pyodide xbuildenv version that's specified in
-# build-platforms.toml is compatible with the pyodide-build version that's
-# pinned in the bundled constraints file. But if the user changes
-# pyodide-version and/or dependency-constraints in the cibuildwheel config, we
-# need to check if the xbuildenv version is compatible with the pyodide-build
-# version.
-def validate_pyodide_build_version(
-    xbuildenv_info: PyodideXBuildEnvInfo, pyodide_build_version: str
-) -> None:
-    """
-    Validate the Pyodide version is compatible with the installed
-    pyodide-build version.
-    """
-
-    pyodide_version = xbuildenv_info["version"]
-
-    if not xbuildenv_info["compatible"]:
-        msg = unwrap_preserving_paragraphs(f"""
-            The Pyodide xbuildenv version {pyodide_version} is not compatible
-            with the pyodide-build version {pyodide_build_version}. Please use
-            the 'pyodide xbuildenv search --all' command to find a compatible
-            version.
-
-            Set the pyodide-build version using the `dependency-constraints`
-            option, or set the Pyodide xbuildenv version using the
-            `pyodide-version` option.
-        """)
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-
 def install_xbuildenv(env: dict[str, str], pyodide_build_version: str, pyodide_version: str) -> str:
     """Install a particular Pyodide xbuildenv version and set a path to the Pyodide root."""
-    # Since pyodide-build was unvendored from Pyodide v0.27.0, the versions of
-    # pyodide-build are uncoupled from the versions of Pyodide. So, we specify
-    # both the pyodide-build version and the Pyodide version in the temp path.
-    xbuildenv_cache_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"pyodide-build-{pyodide_build_version}"
-    pyodide_root = xbuildenv_cache_path / pyodide_version / "xbuildenv" / "pyodide-root"
-
+    # Since pyodide-build was unvendored from Pyodide v0.27.0, the versions of pyodide-build are
+    # not guaranteed to match the versions of Pyodide or be in sync with them. Hence, we shall
+    # specify the pyodide-build version in the root path, which will set up the xbuildenv for
+    # the requested Pyodide version.
+    pyodide_root = (
+        CIBW_CACHE_PATH
+        / f".pyodide-xbuildenv-{pyodide_build_version}/{pyodide_version}/xbuildenv/pyodide-root"
+    )
     with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "xbuildenv.lock"):
         if pyodide_root.exists():
             return str(pyodide_root)
@@ -195,52 +84,44 @@ def install_xbuildenv(env: dict[str, str], pyodide_build_version: str, pyodide_v
         # PYODIDE_ROOT so copy it first.
         env = dict(env)
         env.pop("PYODIDE_ROOT", None)
-
-        # Install the xbuildenv
         call(
             "pyodide",
             "xbuildenv",
             "install",
-            "--path",
-            str(xbuildenv_cache_path),
             pyodide_version,
             env=env,
             cwd=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
         )
-        assert pyodide_root.exists()
-
     return str(pyodide_root)
 
 
-def get_base_python(tmp: Path, python_configuration: PythonConfiguration) -> Path:
-    try:
-        return create_python_build_standalone_environment(
-            python_version=python_configuration.version,
-            temp_dir=tmp,
-            cache_dir=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-        )
-    except PythonBuildStandaloneError as e:
-        msg = unwrap(f"""
-            Failed to create a Python build environment:
-            {e}
-        """)
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg) from e
+def get_base_python(identifier: str) -> Path:
+    implementation_id = identifier.split("-")[0]
+    majorminor = implementation_id[len("cp") :]
+    version_info = (int(majorminor[0]), int(majorminor[1:]))
+    if version_info == sys.version_info[:2]:
+        return Path(sys.executable)
+
+    major_minor = ".".join(str(v) for v in version_info)
+    python_name = f"python{major_minor}"
+    which_python = shutil.which(python_name)
+    if which_python is None:
+        msg = f"CPython {major_minor} is not installed."
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+    return Path(which_python)
 
 
 def setup_python(
     tmp: Path,
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
-    constraints_path: Path | None,
+    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
-    user_pyodide_version: str | None,
 ) -> dict[str, str]:
-    log.step("Installing a base python environment...")
-    base_python = get_base_python(tmp / "base", python_configuration)
+    base_python = get_base_python(python_configuration.identifier)
 
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
-    pyodide_version = user_pyodide_version or python_configuration.default_pyodide_version
     venv_path = tmp / "venv"
-    env = virtualenv(python_configuration.version, base_python, venv_path, None, use_uv=False)
+    env = virtualenv(python_configuration.version, base_python, venv_path, [], use_uv=False)
     venv_bin_path = venv_path / "bin"
     assert venv_bin_path.exists()
     env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
@@ -254,7 +135,7 @@ def setup_python(
         "install",
         "--upgrade",
         "pip",
-        *constraint_flags(constraints_path),
+        *dependency_constraint_flags,
         env=env,
         cwd=venv_path,
     )
@@ -284,48 +165,33 @@ def setup_python(
         "install",
         "--upgrade",
         "auditwheel-emscripten",
-        "build[virtualenv]",
         "pyodide-build",
-        *constraint_flags(constraints_path),
+        *dependency_constraint_flags,
         env=env,
     )
 
-    pyodide_build_version = call(
-        "python",
-        "-c",
-        "from importlib.metadata import version; print(version('pyodide-build'))",
-        env=env,
-        capture_stdout=True,
-    ).strip()
-
-    xbuildenv_info = get_xbuildenv_version_info(env, pyodide_version, pyodide_build_version)
-    validate_pyodide_build_version(
-        xbuildenv_info=xbuildenv_info,
-        pyodide_build_version=pyodide_build_version,
-    )
-
-    emscripten_version = xbuildenv_info["emscripten"]
-    log.step(f"Installing Emscripten version: {emscripten_version} ...")
-    emcc_path = install_emscripten(tmp, emscripten_version)
+    log.step(f"Installing Emscripten version: {python_configuration.emscripten_version} ...")
+    emcc_path = install_emscripten(tmp, python_configuration.emscripten_version)
 
     env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([str(emcc_path.parent), env["PATH"]])
 
-    log.step(f"Installing Pyodide xbuildenv version: {pyodide_version} ...")
-    env["PYODIDE_ROOT"] = install_xbuildenv(env, pyodide_build_version, pyodide_version)
+    log.step(f"Installing Pyodide xbuildenv version: {python_configuration.pyodide_version} ...")
+    env["PYODIDE_ROOT"] = install_xbuildenv(
+        env, python_configuration.pyodide_build_version, python_configuration.pyodide_version
+    )
 
     return env
 
 
-def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    full_python_configs = resources.read_python_configs("pyodide")
-    return [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
-
-
 def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector,
     architectures: Set[Architecture],  # noqa: ARG001
 ) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    return [c for c in all_python_configurations() if build_selector(c.identifier)]
+    full_python_configs = read_python_configs("pyodide")
+
+    python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
+    python_configurations = [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]
+    return python_configurations
 
 
 def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -361,23 +227,24 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
             identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
-
             built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
             repaired_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
             identifier_tmp_dir.mkdir()
             built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
             repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
-            constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                version=config.version, variant="pyodide", tmp_dir=identifier_tmp_dir
-            )
+            dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr] = []
+            if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+                constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                    config.version, variant="pyodide"
+                )
+                dependency_constraint_flags = ["-c", constraints_path]
 
             env = setup_python(
-                tmp=identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
-                python_configuration=config,
-                constraints_path=constraints_path,
-                environment=build_options.environment,
-                user_pyodide_version=build_options.pyodide_version,
+                identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
+                config,
+                dependency_constraint_flags,
+                build_options.environment,
             )
             pip_version = get_pip_version(env)
             # The Pyodide command line runner mounts all directories in the host
@@ -391,8 +258,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             # directory.
             oldmounts = ""
             extra_mounts = [str(identifier_tmp_dir)]
-            if Path.cwd().is_relative_to("/tmp"):
-                extra_mounts.append(str(Path.cwd()))
+            if str(Path(".").resolve()).startswith("/tmp"):
+                extra_mounts.append(str(Path(".").resolve()))
 
             if "_PYODIDE_EXTRA_MOUNTS" in env:
                 oldmounts = env["_PYODIDE_EXTRA_MOUNTS"] + ":"
@@ -415,12 +282,15 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
                 log.step("Building wheel...")
 
-                extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
-                )
+                extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, "build")
+                extra_flags += build_frontend.args
+
+                if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
+                    msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
+                    log.warning(msg)
 
                 build_env = env.copy()
-                if constraints_path:
+                if build_options.dependency_constraints:
                     combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir)
                 build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
                 call(
@@ -484,10 +354,6 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 )
                 virtualenv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_dir)
 
-                virtualenv_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
-                    prev_environment=virtualenv_env
-                )
-
                 # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
                 call("which", "python", env=virtualenv_env)
 
@@ -496,7 +362,6 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         build_options.before_test,
                         project=".",
                         package=build_options.package_dir,
-                        wheel=repaired_wheel,
                     )
                     shell(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)
 
@@ -517,23 +382,13 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 # and not the repo code)
                 test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
                     build_options.test_command,
-                    project=Path.cwd(),
+                    project=Path(".").resolve(),
                     package=build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
                 )
 
                 test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"
                 test_cwd.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-
-                if build_options.test_sources:
-                    copy_test_sources(
-                        build_options.test_sources,
-                        Path.cwd(),
-                        test_cwd,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    # Use the test_fail.py file to raise a nice error if the user
-                    # tries to run tests in the cwd
-                    (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(resources.TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE.read_text())
+                (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(test_fail_cwd_file.read_text())
 
                 shell(test_command_prepared, cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)
 
@@ -543,7 +398,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
                 if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
                     log.warning(
-                        f"{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
+                        "{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
                     )
                 built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
 

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 [linux]
 python_configurations = [
+  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -7,8 +9,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_i686", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -16,13 +18,13 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_i686", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_i686", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_i686", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_i686", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_i686", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -30,8 +32,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -39,8 +41,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -48,8 +50,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -57,26 +59,18 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_i686", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -84,8 +78,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_i686", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -93,8 +87,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_i686", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_i686", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_i686", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_i686", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_i686", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -102,8 +96,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -111,8 +105,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -120,8 +114,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -129,21 +123,12 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_ricv64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
 ]
 
 [macos]
 python_configurations = [
+  { identifier = "cp36-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.6", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/python-3.6.8-macosx10.9.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.9/python-3.7.9-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_universal2", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
@@ -159,18 +144,13 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.4/python-3.13.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.4/python-3.13.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.4/python-3.13.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.4/python-3.13.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.4/python-3.13.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.4/python-3.13.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b2-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b2-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b2-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b2-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b2-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/python-3.13.3-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/python-3.13.3-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/python-3.13.3-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/python-3.13.3-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/python-3.13.3-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/python-3.13.3-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
@@ -179,12 +159,14 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.19-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.1/graalpy-24.2.1-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.1/graalpy-24.2.1-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
 ]
 
 [windows]
 python_configurations = [
+  { identifier = "cp36-win32", version = "3.6.8", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-win_amd64", version = "3.6.8", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-win32", version = "3.7.9", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7.9", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp38-win32", version = "3.8.10", arch = "32" },
   { identifier = "cp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8.10", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.13", arch = "32" },
@@ -195,38 +177,24 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.9", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.10", arch = "32" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.10", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.4", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.4", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.4", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_amd64", version = "3.13.4", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.0-b2", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.0-b2", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.0-b2", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.0-b2", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.3", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.3", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.3", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win_amd64", version = "3.13.3", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.9", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.10", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.4", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.4", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.0-b2", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.0-b2", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.3", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.3", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-win_amd64", version = "3.11", arch = "64", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.1/graalpy-24.2.1-windows-amd64.zip" },
 ]
 
 [pyodide]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp312-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.12", default_pyodide_version = "0.27.7", node_version = "v22" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.13", default_pyodide_version = "0.28.0a3", node_version = "v22" },
-]
-
-[ios]
-python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b9/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b9/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b9/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.12", pyodide_version = "0.27.0", pyodide_build_version = "0.29.2", emscripten_version = "3.1.58", node_version = "v20" },
 ]

cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
+  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema",
   "$id": "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json",
   "$defs": {
     "inherit": {
@@ -13,13 +13,9 @@
     },
     "enable": {
       "enum": [
-        "cpython-experimental-riscv64",
         "cpython-freethreading",
         "cpython-prerelease",
-        "graalpy",
-        "pyodide-prerelease",
-        "pypy",
-        "pypy-eol"
+        "pypy"
       ]
     },
     "description": "A Python version or flavor to enable."
@@ -237,45 +233,7 @@
     "dependency-versions": {
       "default": "pinned",
       "description": "Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "enum": [
-            "pinned",
-            "latest"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "string",
-          "description": "Path to a file containing dependency versions, or inline package specifications, starting with \"packages:\"",
-          "not": {
-            "enum": [
-              "pinned",
-              "latest"
-            ]
-          }
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "object",
-          "additionalProperties": false,
-          "properties": {
-            "file": {
-              "type": "string"
-            }
-          }
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "object",
-          "additionalProperties": false,
-          "properties": {
-            "packages": {
-              "type": "array",
-              "items": {
-                "type": "string"
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      ],
+      "type": "string",
       "title": "CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS"
     },
     "enable": {
@@ -326,6 +284,13 @@
       ],
       "title": "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS"
     },
+    "free-threaded-support": {
+      "type": "boolean",
+      "default": false,
+      "description": "The project supports free-threaded builds of Python (PEP703)",
+      "deprecated": "Use the `enable` option instead.",
+      "title": "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT"
+    },
     "manylinux-aarch64-image": {
       "type": "string",
       "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
@@ -361,11 +326,6 @@
       "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
       "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE"
     },
-    "manylinux-riscv64-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_RISCV64_IMAGE"
-    },
     "manylinux-s390x-image": {
       "type": "string",
       "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
@@ -396,11 +356,6 @@
       "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
       "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_PPC64LE_IMAGE"
     },
-    "musllinux-riscv64-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_RISCV64_IMAGE"
-    },
     "musllinux-s390x-image": {
       "type": "string",
       "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
@@ -411,26 +366,6 @@
       "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
       "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE"
     },
-    "xbuild-tools": {
-      "description": "Binaries on the path that should be included in an isolated cross-build environment",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_XBUILD_TOOLS"
-    },
-    "pyodide-version": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify the version of Pyodide to use",
-      "title": "CIBW_PYODIDE_VERSION"
-    },
     "repair-wheel-command": {
       "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
       "oneOf": [
@@ -491,21 +426,6 @@
       ],
       "title": "CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS"
     },
-    "test-sources": {
-      "description": "Test files that are required by the test environment",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_TEST_SOURCES"
-    },
     "test-groups": {
       "description": "Install extra groups when testing",
       "oneOf": [
@@ -551,24 +471,6 @@
       ],
       "title": "CIBW_TEST_SKIP"
     },
-    "test-environment": {
-      "description": "Set environment variables for the test environment",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "object",
-          "additionalProperties": false,
-          "patternProperties": {
-            ".+": {
-              "type": "string"
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_TEST_ENVIRONMENT"
-    },
     "overrides": {
       "type": "array",
       "description": "An overrides array",
@@ -603,9 +505,6 @@
               "before-build": {
                 "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
               },
-              "xbuild-tools": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
               "before-test": {
                 "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
               },
@@ -630,14 +529,8 @@
               "test-extras": {
                 "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
               },
-              "test-sources": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
               "test-requires": {
                 "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "test-environment": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
               }
             }
           },
@@ -692,9 +585,6 @@
           "manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image"
           },
-          "manylinux-riscv64-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-riscv64-image"
-          },
           "manylinux-s390x-image": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-s390x-image"
           },
@@ -713,21 +603,12 @@
           "musllinux-ppc64le-image": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-ppc64le-image"
           },
-          "musllinux-riscv64-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-riscv64-image"
-          },
           "musllinux-s390x-image": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-s390x-image"
           },
           "musllinux-x86_64-image": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-x86_64-image"
           },
-          "xbuild-tools": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
-          },
-          "pyodide-version": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
-          },
           "repair-wheel-command": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
           },
@@ -737,17 +618,11 @@
           "test-extras": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
           },
-          "test-sources": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
-          },
           "test-groups": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
           },
           "test-requires": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-          },
-          "test-environment": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
           }
         }
       }
@@ -807,9 +682,6 @@
         "manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image"
         },
-        "manylinux-riscv64-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-riscv64-image"
-        },
         "manylinux-s390x-image": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-s390x-image"
         },
@@ -828,21 +700,12 @@
         "musllinux-ppc64le-image": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-ppc64le-image"
         },
-        "musllinux-riscv64-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-riscv64-image"
-        },
         "musllinux-s390x-image": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-s390x-image"
         },
         "musllinux-x86_64-image": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-x86_64-image"
         },
-        "xbuild-tools": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
-        },
-        "pyodide-version": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
-        },
         "repair-wheel-command": {
           "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
           "oneOf": [
@@ -865,17 +728,11 @@
         "test-extras": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
         },
-        "test-sources": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
-        },
         "test-groups": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
         },
         "test-requires": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        },
-        "test-environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -910,12 +767,6 @@
         "environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
         },
-        "xbuild-tools": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
-        },
-        "pyodide-version": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
-        },
         "repair-wheel-command": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
         },
@@ -925,17 +776,11 @@
         "test-extras": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
         },
-        "test-sources": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
-        },
         "test-groups": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
         },
         "test-requires": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        },
-        "test-environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -970,12 +815,6 @@
         "environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
         },
-        "xbuild-tools": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
-        },
-        "pyodide-version": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
-        },
         "repair-wheel-command": {
           "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
           "oneOf": [
@@ -998,17 +837,11 @@
         "test-extras": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
         },
-        "test-sources": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
-        },
         "test-groups": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
         },
         "test-requires": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        },
-        "test-environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -1043,12 +876,6 @@
         "environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
         },
-        "xbuild-tools": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
-        },
-        "pyodide-version": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
-        },
         "repair-wheel-command": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
         },
@@ -1058,77 +885,11 @@
         "test-extras": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
         },
-        "test-sources": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
-        },
         "test-groups": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
         },
         "test-requires": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        },
-        "test-environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "ios": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "additionalProperties": false,
-      "properties": {
-        "archs": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/archs"
-        },
-        "before-all": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
-        },
-        "before-build": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
-        },
-        "before-test": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
-        },
-        "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
-        },
-        "build-verbosity": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
-        },
-        "config-settings": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
-        },
-        "dependency-versions": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/dependency-versions"
-        },
-        "environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
-        },
-        "xbuild-tools": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
-        },
-        "pyodide-version": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
-        },
-        "repair-wheel-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
-        },
-        "test-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
-        },
-        "test-extras": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
-        },
-        "test-sources": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
-        },
-        "test-groups": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
-        },
-        "test-requires": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        },
-        "test-environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
         }
       }
     }

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide312.txt

@@ -4,30 +4,30 @@ annotated-types==0.7.0
     # via pydantic
 anyio==4.9.0
     # via httpx
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.1.0
+auditwheel-emscripten==0.0.16
     # via pyodide-build
 build==1.2.2.post1
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2025.4.26
+certifi==2025.1.31
     # via
     #   httpcore
     #   httpx
     #   requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.2
+charset-normalizer==3.4.1
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
-    # via
-    #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-    #   typer
+    # via typer
+cmake==4.0.0
+    # via pyodide-build
 distlib==0.3.9
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.18.0
     # via virtualenv
-h11==0.16.0
+h11==0.14.0
     # via httpcore
-httpcore==1.0.9
+httpcore==1.0.8
     # via httpx
 httpx==0.28.1
     # via unearth
@@ -48,23 +48,21 @@ packaging==25.0
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
     #   unearth
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==25.0.1
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
-    # via
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.11.5
+platformdirs==4.3.7
+    # via virtualenv
+pydantic==2.11.3
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.33.2
+pydantic-core==2.33.1
     # via pydantic
 pygments==2.19.1
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.30.5
+pyodide-build==0.29.2
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-pyodide-cli==0.3.0
+pyodide-cli==0.2.4
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
@@ -81,7 +79,7 @@ rich==14.0.0
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
     #   typer
-ruamel-yaml==0.18.12
+ruamel-yaml==0.18.10
     # via pyodide-build
 ruamel-yaml-clib==0.2.12
     # via ruamel-yaml
@@ -89,25 +87,25 @@ shellingham==1.5.4
     # via typer
 sniffio==1.3.1
     # via anyio
-typer==0.16.0
+typer==0.15.2
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+typing-extensions==4.13.2
     # via
     #   anyio
     #   pydantic
     #   pydantic-core
     #   typer
     #   typing-inspection
-typing-inspection==0.4.1
+typing-inspection==0.4.0
     # via pydantic
 unearth==0.17.5
     # via pyodide-build
 urllib3==2.4.0
     # via requests
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.30.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide313.txt

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-annotated-types==0.7.0
-    # via pydantic
-anyio==4.9.0
-    # via httpx
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.1.0
-    # via pyodide-build
-build==1.2.2.post1
-    # via
-    #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-    #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2025.4.26
-    # via
-    #   httpcore
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.2
-    # via requests
-click==8.1.8
-    # via
-    #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-    #   typer
-distlib==0.3.9
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-h11==0.16.0
-    # via httpcore
-httpcore==1.0.9
-    # via httpx
-httpx==0.28.1
-    # via unearth
-idna==3.10
-    # via
-    #   anyio
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-leb128==1.0.8
-    # via auditwheel-emscripten
-markdown-it-py==3.0.0
-    # via rich
-mdurl==0.1.2
-    # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==25.0
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   build
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   unearth
-pip==25.1.1
-    # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
-    # via
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.11.5
-    # via
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.33.2
-    # via pydantic
-pygments==2.19.1
-    # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.30.5
-    # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-pyodide-cli==0.3.0
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.0a7
-    # via pyodide-build
-pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
-    # via build
-requests==2.32.3
-    # via pyodide-build
-resolvelib==1.1.0
-    # via pyodide-build
-rich==14.0.0
-    # via
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-cli
-    #   typer
-ruamel-yaml==0.18.12
-    # via pyodide-build
-ruamel-yaml-clib==0.2.12
-    # via ruamel-yaml
-shellingham==1.5.4
-    # via typer
-sniffio==1.3.1
-    # via anyio
-typer==0.16.0
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-cli
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
-    # via
-    #   pydantic
-    #   pydantic-core
-    #   typer
-    #   typing-inspection
-typing-inspection==0.4.1
-    # via pydantic
-unearth==0.17.5
-    # via pyodide-build
-urllib3==2.4.0
-    # via requests
-virtualenv==20.31.2
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   pyodide-build
-wheel==0.45.1
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ distlib==0.3.9
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.18.0
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.7.0
+importlib-metadata==8.6.1
     # via build
 macholib==1.16.3
     # via delocate
@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==25.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.3.7
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
 tomli==2.2.1
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+typing-extensions==4.13.2
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.30.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-zipp==3.22.0
+zipp==3.21.0
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python311.txt

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==25.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.3.7
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+typing-extensions==4.13.2
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.30.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python312.txt

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==25.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.3.7
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+typing-extensions==4.13.2
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.30.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python313.txt

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==25.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.3.7
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+typing-extensions==4.13.2
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.30.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python36.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.6
+# To update, run:
+#
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.6
+#
+build==0.9.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+delocate==0.10.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.8
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.4.1
+    # via virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==4.8.3
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   pep517
+    #   virtualenv
+importlib-resources==5.4.0
+    # via virtualenv
+packaging==21.3
+    # via build
+pep517==0.13.1
+    # via build
+platformdirs==2.4.0
+    # via virtualenv
+pyparsing==3.1.1
+    # via packaging
+tomli==1.2.3
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   pep517
+typing-extensions==4.1.1
+    # via
+    #   delocate
+    #   importlib-metadata
+virtualenv==20.17.1
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.37.1
+    # via delocate
+zipp==3.6.0
+    # via
+    #   importlib-metadata
+    #   importlib-resources
+    #   pep517
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==21.3.1
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==59.6.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python37.txt

@@ -2,27 +2,38 @@
 #    nox -s update_constraints
 altgraph==0.17.4
     # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.1.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.13.0
+delocate==0.12.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.9
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.12.2
     # via virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==6.7.0
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   virtualenv
 macholib==1.16.3
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==24.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==24.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.0.0
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+tomli==2.0.1
+    # via build
+typing-extensions==4.7.1
+    # via
+    #   delocate
+    #   importlib-metadata
+    #   platformdirs
+virtualenv==20.26.6
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+zipp==3.15.0
+    # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python38.txt

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ tomli==2.2.1
     # via build
 typing-extensions==4.13.2
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.30.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.20.2
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ distlib==0.3.9
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.18.0
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.7.0
+importlib-metadata==8.6.1
     # via build
 macholib==1.16.3
     # via delocate
@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==25.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.3.7
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
 tomli==2.2.1
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+typing-extensions==4.13.2
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.30.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-zipp==3.22.0
+zipp==3.21.0
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==25.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.3.7
     # via virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+typing-extensions==4.13.2
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.30.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 build = "*"
 skip = ""
 test-skip = ""
+free-threaded-support = false
 enable = []
 
 archs = ["auto"]
@@ -14,32 +15,25 @@ build-verbosity = 0
 
 before-all = ""
 before-build = ""
-# TOML doesn't support explicit NULLs; use ["\u0000"] as a sentinel value.
-xbuild-tools = ["\u0000"]
 repair-wheel-command = ""
 
 test-command = ""
 before-test = ""
-test-sources = []
 test-requires = []
 test-extras = []
 test-groups = []
-test-environment = {}
 
 container-engine = "docker"
 
-pyodide-version = ""
-
-manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-aarch64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
-manylinux-ppc64le-image = "manylinux_2_28"
-manylinux-s390x-image = "manylinux_2_28"
+manylinux-aarch64-image = "manylinux2014"
+manylinux-ppc64le-image = "manylinux2014"
+manylinux-s390x-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-armv7l-image = "manylinux_2_31"
-manylinux-riscv64-image = "ghcr.io/pypa/cibuildwheel/no_default_image:please_use_override"
-manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
+manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-pypy_i686-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
+manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image = "manylinux2014"
 
 musllinux-x86_64-image = "musllinux_1_2"
 musllinux-i686-image = "musllinux_1_2"
@@ -47,7 +41,6 @@ musllinux-aarch64-image = "musllinux_1_2"
 musllinux-ppc64le-image = "musllinux_1_2"
 musllinux-s390x-image = "musllinux_1_2"
 musllinux-armv7l-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-musllinux-riscv64-image = "ghcr.io/pypa/cibuildwheel/no_default_image:please_use_override"
 
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
@@ -58,6 +51,4 @@ repair-wheel-command = "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel.windows]
 
-[tool.cibuildwheel.ios]
-
 [tool.cibuildwheel.pyodide]

cibuildwheel/resources/free-threaded-enable-314.xml

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
-<plist version="1.0">
-<array>
-        <dict>
-                <key>attributeSetting</key>
-                <integer>1</integer>
-                <key>choiceAttribute</key>
-                <string>selected</string>
-                <key>choiceIdentifier</key>
-                <string>org.python.Python.PythonTFramework-3.14</string>
-        </dict>
-</array>
-</plist>

cibuildwheel/resources/install_certifi.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ STAT_0o775 = (
 )
 
 
-def main() -> None:
+def main():
     openssl_dir, openssl_cafile = os.path.split(ssl.get_default_verify_paths().openssl_cafile)
     print(" -- pip install --upgrade certifi")
     subprocess.check_call(

cibuildwheel/resources/nodejs.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 url = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
-v22 = "v22.16.0"
-v20 = "v20.19.2"
+v22 = "v22.14.0"
+v20 = "v20.19.0"

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,47 +1,58 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2025.06.04-1
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2024-04-29-76807b8
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.04.19-1
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.04.19-1
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2024.10.26-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2025.04.19-1
 
 [i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2025.06.04-1
-
-[aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2025.06.04-1
-
-[ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2025.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2025.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2025.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2025.06.04-1
-
-[s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2025.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2025.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2025.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2025.06.04-1
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2024-04-29-76807b8
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.04.19-1
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-12-26-0d38463
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2024.10.26-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2025.04.19-1
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.06.04-1
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.04.19-1
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.04.19-1
 
 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.06.04-1
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.04.19-1
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-12-26-0d38463
+
+[aarch64]
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.04.19-1
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.04.19-1
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2024.10.26-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2025.04.19-1
+
+[ppc64le]
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2025.04.19-1
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2025.04.19-1
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2024.10.26-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2025.04.19-1
+
+[s390x]
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2025.04.19-1
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2025.04.19-1
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2024.10.26-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2025.04.19-1
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.06.04-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.06.04-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.04.19-1
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.04.19-1
 
 [armv7l]
-manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2025.06.04-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2025.06.04-1
-
-[riscv64]
+manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2025.04.19-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2025.04.19-1
 

cibuildwheel/resources/python-build-standalone-releases.json

@@ -1,441 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "releases": [
-    {
-      "tag": "20250604",
-      "assets": [
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
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-          "name": "cpython-3.9.23+20250604-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250604-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.23+20250604-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250604-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.23+20250604-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250604-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.23+20250604-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250604-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.23+20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.23+20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.23+20250604-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250604-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.23+20250604-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250604-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.23+20250604-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250604-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.23+20250604-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250604-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.23+20250604-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250604-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.23+20250604-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.9.23%2B20250604-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        }
-      ]
-    }
-  ]
-}

cibuildwheel/resources/testing_temp_dir_file.py

@@ -1,36 +1,17 @@
 # this file is copied to the testing cwd, to raise the below error message if
 # pytest/unittest is run from there.
 
-import sys
 import unittest
-from typing import NoReturn
 
 
 class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_fail(self) -> NoReturn:
-        if sys.platform == "ios":
-            msg = (
-                "You tried to run tests from the testbed app's working "
-                "directory, without specifying `test-sources`. "
-                "On iOS, you must copy your test files to the testbed app by "
-                "setting the `test-sources` option in your cibuildwheel "
-                "configuration."
-            )
-        else:
-            msg = (
-                "cibuildwheel executes tests from a different working directory to "
-                "your project. This ensures only your wheel is imported, preventing "
-                "Python from accessing files that haven't been packaged into the "
-                "wheel. "
-                "\n\n"
-                "Please specify a path to your tests when invoking pytest "
-                "using the {project} placeholder, e.g. `pytest {project}` or "
-                "`pytest {project}/tests`. cibuildwheel will replace {project} with "
-                "the path to your project. "
-                "\n\n"
-                "Alternatively, you can specify your test files using the "
-                "`test-sources` option, and cibuildwheel will copy them to the "
-                "working directory for testing."
-            )
-
-        self.fail(msg)
+    def test_fail(self):
+        self.fail(
+            "cibuildwheel executes tests from a different working directory to "
+            "your project. This ensures only your wheel is imported, preventing "
+            "Python from accessing files that haven't been packaged into the "
+            "wheel. Please specify a path to your tests when invoking pytest "
+            "using the {project} placeholder, e.g. `pytest {project}` or "
+            "`pytest {project}/tests`. cibuildwheel will replace {project} with "
+            "the path to your project."
+        )

cibuildwheel/resources/virtualenv.toml

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-default = { version = "20.31.2", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.31.2/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true" }
+py36 = { version = "20.17.1", url = "https://bootstrap.pypa.io/virtualenv/3.6/virtualenv.pyz" }
+default = { version = "20.26.6", url = "https://bootstrap.pypa.io/virtualenv/3.7/virtualenv.pyz" }

cibuildwheel/schema.py

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import json
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
-from .util import resources
+DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
 
 
 def get_schema(tool_name: str = "cibuildwheel") -> dict[str, Any]:
     "Get the stored complete schema for cibuildwheel settings."
     assert tool_name == "cibuildwheel", "Only cibuildwheel is supported."
 
-    with resources.CIBUILDWHEEL_SCHEMA.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
+    with DIR.joinpath("resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json").open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
         return json.load(f)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]

cibuildwheel/selector.py

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-import dataclasses
-import itertools
-from enum import StrEnum
-from fnmatch import fnmatch
-from typing import Any
-
-import bracex
-from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
-from packaging.version import Version
-
-
-def selector_matches(patterns: str, string: str) -> bool:
-    """
-    Returns True if `string` is matched by any of the wildcard patterns in
-    `patterns`.
-
-    Matching is according to fnmatch, but with shell-like curly brace
-    expansion. For example, 'cp{36,37}-*' would match either of 'cp36-*' or
-    'cp37-*'.
-    """
-
-    patterns_list = patterns.split()
-    expanded_patterns = itertools.chain.from_iterable(bracex.expand(p) for p in patterns_list)
-    return any(fnmatch(string, pat) for pat in expanded_patterns)
-
-
-class EnableGroup(StrEnum):
-    """
-    Groups of build selectors that are not enabled by default.
-    """
-
-    CPythonExperimentalRiscV64 = "cpython-experimental-riscv64"
-    CPythonFreeThreading = "cpython-freethreading"
-    CPythonPrerelease = "cpython-prerelease"
-    GraalPy = "graalpy"
-    PyPy = "pypy"
-    PyPyEoL = "pypy-eol"
-    PyodidePrerelease = "pyodide-prerelease"
-
-    @classmethod
-    def all_groups(cls) -> frozenset["EnableGroup"]:
-        return frozenset(cls)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_option_value(cls, value: str) -> frozenset["EnableGroup"]:
-        """
-        Parses a string of space-separated values into a set of EnableGroup
-        members. The string may contain group names or "all".
-        """
-        result = set()
-        for group in value.strip().split():
-            if group == "all":
-                return cls.all_groups()
-            try:
-                result.add(cls(group))
-            except ValueError:
-                msg = f"Unknown enable group: {group}"
-                raise ValueError(msg) from None
-        return frozenset(result)
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
-class BuildSelector:
-    """
-    This class holds a set of build/skip patterns. You call an instance with a
-    build identifier, and it returns True if that identifier should be
-    included. Only call this on valid identifiers, ones that have at least 2
-    numeric digits before the first dash.
-    """
-
-    build_config: str
-    skip_config: str
-    requires_python: SpecifierSet | None = None
-    enable: frozenset[EnableGroup] = frozenset()
-
-    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
-        # Filter build selectors by python_requires if set
-        if self.requires_python is not None:
-            py_ver_str = build_id.split("-")[0].split("_")[0]
-            py_ver_str = py_ver_str.removesuffix("t")
-            major = int(py_ver_str[2])
-            minor = int(py_ver_str[3:])
-            version = Version(f"{major}.{minor}.99")
-            if not self.requires_python.contains(version):
-                return False
-
-        # filter out groups that are not enabled
-        if EnableGroup.CPythonFreeThreading not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp3??t-*"):
-            return False
-        if EnableGroup.CPythonPrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp314*"):
-            return False
-        if EnableGroup.PyPy not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "pp31*"):
-            return False
-        if EnableGroup.PyPyEoL not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "pp3?-*"):
-            return False
-        if EnableGroup.CPythonExperimentalRiscV64 not in self.enable and fnmatch(
-            build_id, "*_riscv64"
-        ):
-            return False
-        if EnableGroup.GraalPy not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "gp*"):
-            return False
-        if EnableGroup.PyodidePrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(
-            build_id, "cp313-pyodide_*"
-        ):
-            return False
-
-        should_build = selector_matches(self.build_config, build_id)
-        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
-
-        return should_build and not should_skip
-
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
-        return {
-            "build_config": self.build_config,
-            "skip_config": self.skip_config,
-            "requires_python": str(self.requires_python),
-            "enable": sorted(group.value for group in self.enable),
-        }
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
-class TestSelector:
-    """
-    A build selector that can only skip tests according to a skip pattern.
-    """
-
-    skip_config: str
-
-    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
-        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
-        return not should_skip
-
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
-        return {"skip_config": self.skip_config}

cibuildwheel/typing.py

@@ -1,19 +1,28 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
+import subprocess
 import typing
-from typing import Final, Literal, Protocol
+from typing import Final, Literal, Protocol, Union
 
 __all__ = (
     "PLATFORMS",
     "PathOrStr",
     "PlatformName",
+    "PopenBytes",
 )
 
 
-PathOrStr = str | os.PathLike[str]
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PopenBytes = subprocess.Popen[bytes]
+    PathOrStr = Union[str, os.PathLike[str]]
+else:
+    PopenBytes = subprocess.Popen
+    PathOrStr = Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]
 
 
-PlatformName = Literal["linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide", "ios"]
-PLATFORMS: Final[frozenset[PlatformName]] = frozenset(typing.get_args(PlatformName))
+PlatformName = Literal["linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide"]
+PLATFORMS: Final[set[PlatformName]] = {"linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide"}
 
 
 class GenericPythonConfiguration(Protocol):

cibuildwheel/util.py

@@ -0,0 +1,985 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import enum
+import fnmatch
+import itertools
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+import shutil
+import ssl
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tarfile
+import textwrap
+import time
+import typing
+import urllib.request
+from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from functools import lru_cache, total_ordering
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath
+from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
+from time import sleep
+from typing import Any, Final, Literal, TextIO, TypeVar
+from zipfile import ZipFile
+
+import bracex
+import certifi
+from filelock import FileLock
+from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
+from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from packaging.utils import parse_wheel_filename
+from packaging.version import Version
+from platformdirs import user_cache_path
+
+from ._compat import tomllib
+from .architecture import Architecture
+from .errors import FatalError
+from .typing import PathOrStr, PlatformName
+
+__all__ = [
+    "MANYLINUX_ARCHS",
+    "EnableGroups",
+    "call",
+    "chdir",
+    "combine_constraints",
+    "find_compatible_wheel",
+    "find_uv",
+    "format_safe",
+    "get_build_verbosity_extra_flags",
+    "prepare_command",
+    "read_python_configs",
+    "resources_dir",
+    "selector_matches",
+    "shell",
+    "split_config_settings",
+    "strtobool",
+]
+
+resources_dir: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent / "resources"
+
+install_certifi_script: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
+
+free_thread_enable_313: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "free-threaded-enable-313.xml"
+
+test_fail_cwd_file: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "testing_temp_dir_file.py"
+
+
+class EnableGroups(enum.Enum):
+    """
+    Groups of build selectors that are not enabled by default.
+    """
+
+    CPythonFreeThreading = "cpython-freethreading"
+    CPythonPrerelease = "cpython-prerelease"
+    PyPy = "pypy"
+
+
+MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
+    "x86_64",
+    "i686",
+    "pypy_x86_64",
+    "aarch64",
+    "ppc64le",
+    "s390x",
+    "armv7l",
+    "pypy_aarch64",
+    "pypy_i686",
+)
+
+MUSLLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
+    "x86_64",
+    "i686",
+    "aarch64",
+    "ppc64le",
+    "s390x",
+    "armv7l",
+)
+
+DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
+CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
+    os.environ.get("CIBW_CACHE_PATH", DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH)
+).resolve()
+
+IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def call(
+    *args: PathOrStr,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
+    capture_stdout: Literal[False] = ...,
+) -> None: ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def call(
+    *args: PathOrStr,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
+    capture_stdout: Literal[True],
+) -> str: ...
+
+
+def call(
+    *args: PathOrStr,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
+    capture_stdout: bool = False,
+) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Run subprocess.run, but print the commands first. Takes the commands as
+    *args. Uses shell=True on Windows due to a bug. Also converts to
+    Paths to strings, due to Windows behavior at least on older Pythons.
+    https://bugs.python.org/issue8557
+    """
+    args_ = [str(arg) for arg in args]
+    # print the command executing for the logs
+    print("+ " + " ".join(shlex.quote(a) for a in args_))
+    # workaround platform behaviour differences outlined
+    # in https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/52803
+    path_env = env if env is not None else os.environ
+    path = path_env.get("PATH", None)
+    executable = shutil.which(args_[0], path=path)
+    if executable is None:
+        msg = f"Couldn't find {args_[0]!r} in PATH {path!r}"
+        raise FatalError(msg)
+    args_[0] = executable
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            args_,
+            check=True,
+            shell=IS_WIN,
+            env=env,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            capture_output=capture_stdout,
+            text=capture_stdout,
+        )
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+        if capture_stdout:
+            sys.stderr.write(e.stderr)
+        raise
+    if not capture_stdout:
+        return None
+    sys.stderr.write(result.stderr)
+    return typing.cast(str, result.stdout)
+
+
+def shell(
+    *commands: str, env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None, cwd: PathOrStr | None = None
+) -> None:
+    command = " ".join(commands)
+    print(f"+ {command}")
+    subprocess.run(command, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
+
+
+def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
+    """
+    Works similarly to `template.format(**kwargs)`, except that unmatched
+    fields in `template` are passed through untouched.
+
+    >>> format_safe('{a} {b}', a='123')
+    '123 {b}'
+    >>> format_safe('{a} {b[4]:3f}', a='123')
+    '123 {b[4]:3f}'
+
+    To avoid variable expansion, precede with a single backslash e.g.
+    >>> format_safe('\\{a} {b}', a='123')
+    '{a} {b}'
+    """
+
+    result = template
+
+    for key, value in kwargs.items():
+        find_pattern = re.compile(
+            rf"""
+                (?<!\#)  # don't match if preceded by a hash
+                {{  # literal open curly bracket
+                {re.escape(key)}  # the field name
+                }}  # literal close curly bracket
+            """,
+            re.VERBOSE,
+        )
+
+        result = re.sub(
+            pattern=find_pattern,
+            repl=str(value).replace("\\", r"\\"),
+            string=result,
+        )
+
+        # transform escaped sequences into their literal equivalents
+        result = result.replace(f"#{{{key}}}", f"{{{key}}}")
+
+    return result
+
+
+def prepare_command(command: str, **kwargs: PathOrStr) -> str:
+    """
+    Preprocesses a command by expanding variables like {python}.
+
+    For example, used in the test_command option to specify the path to the
+    project's root. Unmatched syntax will mostly be allowed through.
+    """
+    return format_safe(command, python="python", pip="pip", **kwargs)
+
+
+def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> list[str]:
+    if level > 0:
+        return ["-" + level * "v"]
+    elif level < 0:
+        return ["-" + -level * "q"]
+    else:
+        return []
+
+
+def split_config_settings(
+    config_settings: str, frontend: Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]"]
+) -> list[str]:
+    config_settings_list = shlex.split(config_settings)
+    s = "s" if frontend == "pip" else ""
+    return [f"--config-setting{s}={setting}" for setting in config_settings_list]
+
+
+def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
+    input_file = resources_dir / "build-platforms.toml"
+    with input_file.open("rb") as f:
+        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
+    results: list[dict[str, str]] = list(loaded_file[config]["python_configurations"])
+    return results
+
+
+def selector_matches(patterns: str, string: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns True if `string` is matched by any of the wildcard patterns in
+    `patterns`.
+
+    Matching is according to fnmatch, but with shell-like curly brace
+    expansion. For example, 'cp{36,37}-*' would match either of 'cp36-*' or
+    'cp37-*'.
+    """
+    patterns_list = patterns.split()
+    expanded_patterns = itertools.chain.from_iterable(bracex.expand(p) for p in patterns_list)
+    return any(fnmatch.fnmatch(string, pat) for pat in expanded_patterns)
+
+
+# Once we require Python 3.10+, we can add kw_only=True
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildSelector:
+    """
+    This class holds a set of build/skip patterns. You call an instance with a
+    build identifier, and it returns True if that identifier should be
+    included. Only call this on valid identifiers, ones that have at least 2
+    numeric digits before the first dash.
+    """
+
+    build_config: str
+    skip_config: str
+    requires_python: SpecifierSet | None = None
+    enable: frozenset[EnableGroups] = frozenset()
+
+    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
+        # Filter build selectors by python_requires if set
+        if self.requires_python is not None:
+            py_ver_str = build_id.split("-")[0]
+            if py_ver_str.endswith("t"):
+                py_ver_str = py_ver_str[:-1]
+            major = int(py_ver_str[2])
+            minor = int(py_ver_str[3:])
+            version = Version(f"{major}.{minor}.99")
+            if not self.requires_python.contains(version):
+                return False
+
+        # filter out groups that are not enabled
+        if EnableGroups.CPythonFreeThreading not in self.enable and selector_matches(
+            "cp3??t-*", build_id
+        ):
+            return False
+        if EnableGroups.CPythonPrerelease not in self.enable and selector_matches(
+            "cp314*", build_id
+        ):
+            return False
+        if EnableGroups.PyPy not in self.enable and selector_matches("pp*", build_id):
+            return False
+
+        should_build = selector_matches(self.build_config, build_id)
+        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
+
+        return should_build and not should_skip
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+        return {
+            "build_config": self.build_config,
+            "skip_config": self.skip_config,
+            "requires_python": str(self.requires_python),
+            "enable": sorted(group.value for group in self.enable),
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TestSelector:
+    """
+    A build selector that can only skip tests according to a skip pattern.
+    """
+
+    skip_config: str
+
+    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
+        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
+        return not should_skip
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+        return {"skip_config": self.skip_config}
+
+
+# Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/107717
+class Unbuffered:
+    def __init__(self, stream: TextIO) -> None:
+        self.stream = stream
+
+    def write(self, data: str) -> None:
+        self.stream.write(data)
+        self.stream.flush()
+
+    def writelines(self, data: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        self.stream.writelines(data)
+        self.stream.flush()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self.stream, attr)
+
+
+def download(url: str, dest: Path) -> None:
+    print(f"+ Download {url} to {dest}")
+    dest_dir = dest.parent
+    if not dest_dir.exists():
+        dest_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+
+    # we've had issues when relying on the host OS' CA certificates on Windows,
+    # so we use certifi (this sounds odd but requests also does this by default)
+    cafile = os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_FILE", certifi.where())
+    context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=cafile)
+    repeat_num = 3
+    for i in range(repeat_num):
+        try:
+            with urllib.request.urlopen(url, context=context) as response:
+                dest.write_bytes(response.read())
+                return
+
+        except OSError:
+            if i == repeat_num - 1:
+                raise
+            sleep(3)
+
+
+def extract_zip(zip_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
+    with ZipFile(zip_src) as zip_:
+        for zinfo in zip_.filelist:
+            zip_.extract(zinfo, dest)
+
+            # Set permissions to the same values as they were set in the archive
+            # We have to do this manually due to
+            # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/59999
+            # But some files in the zipfile seem to have external_attr with 0
+            # permissions. In that case just use the default value???
+            permissions = (zinfo.external_attr >> 16) & 0o777
+            if permissions != 0:
+                dest.joinpath(zinfo.filename).chmod(permissions)
+
+
+def extract_tar(tar_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
+    with tarfile.open(tar_src) as tar_:
+        tar_.extraction_filter = getattr(tarfile, "tar_filter", (lambda member, _: member))
+        tar_.extractall(dest)
+
+
+def move_file(src_file: Path, dst_file: Path) -> Path:
+    """Moves a file safely while avoiding potential semantic confusion:
+
+    1. `dst_file` must point to the target filename, not a directory
+    2. `dst_file` will be overwritten if it already exists
+    3. any missing parent directories will be created
+
+    Returns the fully resolved Path of the resulting file.
+
+    Raises:
+        NotADirectoryError: If any part of the intermediate path to `dst_file` is an existing file
+        IsADirectoryError: If `dst_file` points directly to an existing directory
+    """
+    src_file = src_file.resolve(strict=True)
+    dst_file = dst_file.resolve()
+
+    if dst_file.is_dir():
+        msg = "dst_file must be a valid target filename, not an existing directory."
+        raise IsADirectoryError(msg)
+    dst_file.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+    dst_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    # using shutil.move() as Path.rename() is not guaranteed to work across filesystem boundaries
+    # explicit str() needed for Python 3.8
+    resulting_file = shutil.move(str(src_file), str(dst_file))
+    return Path(resulting_file).resolve(strict=True)
+
+
+class DependencyConstraints:
+    def __init__(self, base_file_path: Path):
+        assert base_file_path.exists()
+        self.base_file_path = base_file_path.resolve()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def with_defaults() -> DependencyConstraints:
+        return DependencyConstraints(base_file_path=resources_dir / "constraints.txt")
+
+    def get_for_python_version(
+        self, version: str, *, variant: Literal["python", "pyodide"] = "python"
+    ) -> Path:
+        version_parts = version.split(".")
+
+        # try to find a version-specific dependency file e.g. if
+        # ./constraints.txt is the base, look for ./constraints-python36.txt
+        specific_stem = self.base_file_path.stem + f"-{variant}{version_parts[0]}{version_parts[1]}"
+        specific_name = specific_stem + self.base_file_path.suffix
+        specific_file_path = self.base_file_path.with_name(specific_name)
+
+        if specific_file_path.exists():
+            return specific_file_path
+        else:
+            return self.base_file_path
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.base_file_path!r})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(o, DependencyConstraints):
+            return False
+
+        return self.base_file_path == o.base_file_path
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+        if self == DependencyConstraints.with_defaults():
+            return "pinned"
+        else:
+            return self.base_file_path.name
+
+
+BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]"]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildFrontendConfig:
+    name: BuildFrontendName
+    args: Sequence[str] = ()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_config_string(config_string: str) -> BuildFrontendConfig:
+        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, ["name"], ["args"])
+        name = " ".join(config_dict["name"])
+        if name not in {"pip", "build", "build[uv]"}:
+            msg = f"Unrecognised build frontend {name!r}, only 'pip', 'build', and 'build[uv]' are supported"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        name = typing.cast(BuildFrontendName, name)
+
+        args = config_dict.get("args") or []
+        return BuildFrontendConfig(name=name, args=args)
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
+        if not self.args:
+            return self.name
+        else:
+            return {"name": self.name, "args": repr(self.args)}
+
+
+def strtobool(val: str) -> bool:
+    return val.lower() in {"y", "yes", "t", "true", "on", "1"}
+
+
+class CIProvider(Enum):
+    travis_ci = "travis"
+    appveyor = "appveyor"
+    circle_ci = "circle_ci"
+    azure_pipelines = "azure_pipelines"
+    github_actions = "github_actions"
+    gitlab = "gitlab"
+    cirrus_ci = "cirrus_ci"
+    other = "other"
+
+
+def detect_ci_provider() -> CIProvider | None:
+    if "TRAVIS" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.travis_ci
+    elif "APPVEYOR" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.appveyor
+    elif "CIRCLECI" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.circle_ci
+    elif "AZURE_HTTP_USER_AGENT" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.azure_pipelines
+    elif "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.github_actions
+    elif "GITLAB_CI" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.gitlab
+    elif "CIRRUS_CI" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.cirrus_ci
+    elif strtobool(os.environ.get("CI", "false")):
+        return CIProvider.other
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def unwrap(text: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Unwraps multi-line text to a single line
+    """
+    # remove initial line indent
+    text = textwrap.dedent(text)
+    # remove leading/trailing whitespace
+    text = text.strip()
+    # remove consecutive whitespace
+    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class FileReport:
+    name: str
+    size: str
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """
+    Prints the new items in a directory upon exiting. The message to display
+    can include {n} for number of wheels, {s} for total number of seconds,
+    and/or {m} for total number of minutes. Does not print anything if this
+    exits via exception.
+    """
+
+    start_time = time.time()
+    existing_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
+    yield
+    final_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
+
+    new_contents = [
+        FileReport(wheel.name, f"{(wheel.stat().st_size + 1023) // 1024:,d}")
+        for wheel in final_contents - existing_contents
+    ]
+
+    if not new_contents:
+        return
+
+    max_name_len = max(len(f.name) for f in new_contents)
+    max_size_len = max(len(f.size) for f in new_contents)
+    n = len(new_contents)
+    s = time.time() - start_time
+    m = s / 60
+    print(
+        msg.format(n=n, s=s, m=m),
+        *sorted(
+            f"  {f.name:<{max_name_len}s}   {f.size:>{max_size_len}s} kB" for f in new_contents
+        ),
+        sep="\n",
+    )
+
+
+def get_pip_version(env: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
+    versions_output_text = call(
+        "python", "-m", "pip", "freeze", "--all", capture_stdout=True, env=env
+    )
+    (pip_version,) = (
+        version[5:]
+        for version in versions_output_text.strip().splitlines()
+        if version.startswith("pip==")
+    )
+    return pip_version
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def ensure_node(major_version: str) -> Path:
+    input_file = resources_dir / "nodejs.toml"
+    with input_file.open("rb") as f:
+        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
+    version = str(loaded_file[major_version])
+    base_url = str(loaded_file["url"])
+    ext = "zip" if IS_WIN else "tar.xz"
+    platform = "win" if IS_WIN else ("darwin" if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") else "linux")
+    linux_arch = Architecture.native_arch("linux")
+    assert linux_arch is not None
+    arch = {"x86_64": "x64", "i686": "x86", "aarch64": "arm64"}.get(
+        linux_arch.value, linux_arch.value
+    )
+    name = f"node-{version}-{platform}-{arch}"
+    path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / name
+    with FileLock(str(path) + ".lock"):
+        if not path.exists():
+            url = f"{base_url}{version}/{name}.{ext}"
+            with TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_path:
+                archive = Path(tmp_path) / f"{name}.{ext}"
+                download(url, archive)
+                if ext == "zip":
+                    extract_zip(archive, path.parent)
+                else:
+                    extract_tar(archive, path.parent)
+    assert path.exists()
+    if not IS_WIN:
+        return path / "bin"
+    return path
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _ensure_virtualenv(version: str) -> Path:
+    version_parts = version.split(".")
+    key = f"py{version_parts[0]}{version_parts[1]}"
+    input_file = resources_dir / "virtualenv.toml"
+    with input_file.open("rb") as f:
+        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
+    configuration = loaded_file.get(key, loaded_file["default"])
+    version = str(configuration["version"])
+    url = str(configuration["url"])
+    path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"virtualenv-{version}.pyz"
+    with FileLock(str(path) + ".lock"):
+        if not path.exists():
+            download(url, path)
+    return path
+
+
+def _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(
+    seed_packages: list[str],
+    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
+) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Parses the constraints file referenced by `dependency_constraint_flags` and returns a dict where
+    the key is the package name, and the value is the constraint version.
+    If a package version cannot be found, its value is "embed" meaning that virtualenv will install
+    its bundled version, already available locally.
+    The function does not try to be too smart and just handles basic constraints.
+    If it can't get an exact version, the real constraint will be handled by the
+    {macos|windows}.setup_python function.
+    """
+    assert len(dependency_constraint_flags) in {0, 2}
+    # only seed pip if other seed packages do not appear in a constraint file
+    constraints_dict = {"pip": "embed"}
+    if len(dependency_constraint_flags) == 2:
+        assert dependency_constraint_flags[0] == "-c"
+        constraint_path = Path(dependency_constraint_flags[1])
+        assert constraint_path.exists()
+        with constraint_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as constraint_file:
+            for line_ in constraint_file:
+                line = line_.strip()
+                if not line:
+                    continue
+                if line.startswith("#"):
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    requirement = Requirement(line)
+                    package = requirement.name
+                    if (
+                        package not in seed_packages
+                        or requirement.url is not None
+                        or requirement.marker is not None
+                        or len(requirement.extras) != 0
+                        or len(requirement.specifier) != 1
+                    ):
+                        continue
+                    specifier = next(iter(requirement.specifier))
+                    if specifier.operator != "==":
+                        continue
+                    constraints_dict[package] = specifier.version
+                except InvalidRequirement:
+                    continue
+    return constraints_dict
+
+
+def virtualenv(
+    version: str,
+    python: Path,
+    venv_path: Path,
+    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
+    *,
+    use_uv: bool,
+) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Create a virtual environment. If `use_uv` is True,
+    dependency_constraint_flags are ignored since nothing is installed in the
+    venv. Otherwise, pip is installed, and setuptools + wheel if Python < 3.12.
+    """
+
+    # virtualenv may fail if this is a symlink.
+    python = python.resolve()
+
+    assert python.exists()
+
+    if use_uv:
+        call("uv", "venv", venv_path, "--python", python)
+    else:
+        virtualenv_app = _ensure_virtualenv(version)
+        allowed_seed_packages = ["pip", "setuptools", "wheel"]
+        constraints = _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(
+            allowed_seed_packages, dependency_constraint_flags
+        )
+        additional_flags: list[str] = []
+        for package in allowed_seed_packages:
+            if package in constraints:
+                additional_flags.append(f"--{package}={constraints[package]}")
+            else:
+                additional_flags.append(f"--no-{package}")
+
+        # Using symlinks to pre-installed seed packages is really the fastest way to get a virtual
+        # environment. The initial cost is a bit higher but reusing is much faster.
+        # Windows does not always allow symlinks so just disabling for now.
+        # Requires pip>=19.3 so disabling for "embed" because this means we don't know what's the
+        # version of pip that will end-up installed.
+        # c.f. https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/cli_interface.html#section-seeder
+        if (
+            not IS_WIN
+            and constraints["pip"] != "embed"
+            and Version(constraints["pip"]) >= Version("19.3")
+        ):
+            additional_flags.append("--symlink-app-data")
+
+        call(
+            sys.executable,
+            "-sS",  # just the stdlib, https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/2133#issuecomment-1003710125
+            virtualenv_app,
+            "--activators=",
+            "--no-periodic-update",
+            *additional_flags,
+            "--python",
+            python,
+            venv_path,
+        )
+
+    paths = [str(venv_path), str(venv_path / "Scripts")] if IS_WIN else [str(venv_path / "bin")]
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([*paths, env["PATH"]])
+    env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_path)
+    return env
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=PurePath)
+
+
+def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
+    """
+    Finds a wheel with an abi3 or a none ABI tag in `wheels` compatible with the Python interpreter
+    specified by `identifier` that is previously built.
+    """
+
+    interpreter, platform = identifier.split("-")
+    free_threaded = interpreter.endswith("t")
+    if free_threaded:
+        interpreter = interpreter[:-1]
+    for wheel in wheels:
+        _, _, _, tags = parse_wheel_filename(wheel.name)
+        for tag in tags:
+            if tag.abi == "abi3" and not free_threaded:
+                # ABI3 wheels must start with cp3 for impl and tag
+                if not (interpreter.startswith("cp3") and tag.interpreter.startswith("cp3")):
+                    continue
+            elif tag.abi == "none":
+                # CPythonless wheels must include py3 tag
+                if tag.interpreter[:3] != "py3":
+                    continue
+            else:
+                # Other types of wheels are not detected, this is looking for previously built wheels.
+                continue
+
+            if tag.interpreter != "py3" and int(tag.interpreter[3:]) > int(interpreter[3:]):
+                # If a minor version number is given, it has to be lower than the current one.
+                continue
+
+            if platform.startswith(("manylinux", "musllinux", "macosx")):
+                # Linux, macOS require the beginning and ending match (macos/manylinux version doesn't need to)
+                os_, arch = platform.split("_", 1)
+                if not tag.platform.startswith(os_):
+                    continue
+                if not tag.platform.endswith(f"_{arch}"):
+                    continue
+            else:
+                # Windows should exactly match
+                if tag.platform != platform:
+                    continue
+
+            # If all the filters above pass, then the wheel is a previously built compatible wheel.
+            return wheel
+
+    return None
+
+
+# Can be replaced by contextlib.chdir in Python 3.11
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def chdir(new_path: Path | str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """Non thread-safe context manager to change the current working directory."""
+
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    try:
+        os.chdir(new_path)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(cwd)
+
+
+def fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions(text: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Github Actions forgets the current ANSI style on every new line. This
+    function repeats the current ANSI style on every new line.
+    """
+    ansi_code_regex = re.compile(r"(\033\[[0-9;]*m)")
+    ansi_codes: list[str] = []
+    output = ""
+
+    for line in text.splitlines(keepends=True):
+        # add the current ANSI codes to the beginning of the line
+        output += "".join(ansi_codes) + line
+
+        # split the line at each ANSI code
+        parts = ansi_code_regex.split(line)
+        # if there are any ANSI codes, save them
+        if len(parts) > 1:
+            # iterate over the ANSI codes in this line
+            for code in parts[1::2]:
+                if code == "\033[0m":
+                    # reset the list of ANSI codes when the clear code is found
+                    ansi_codes = []
+                else:
+                    ansi_codes.append(code)
+
+    return output
+
+
+def parse_key_value_string(
+    key_value_string: str,
+    positional_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    kw_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
+    """
+    Parses a string like "docker; create_args: --some-option=value another-option"
+    """
+    if positional_arg_names is None:
+        positional_arg_names = []
+    if kw_arg_names is None:
+        kw_arg_names = []
+
+    all_field_names = [*positional_arg_names, *kw_arg_names]
+
+    shlexer = shlex.shlex(key_value_string, posix=True, punctuation_chars=";")
+    shlexer.commenters = ""
+    shlexer.whitespace_split = True
+    parts = list(shlexer)
+    # parts now looks like
+    # ['docker', ';', 'create_args:', '--some-option=value', 'another-option']
+
+    # split by semicolon
+    fields = [list(group) for k, group in itertools.groupby(parts, lambda x: x == ";") if not k]
+
+    result: defaultdict[str, list[str]] = defaultdict(list)
+    for field_i, field in enumerate(fields):
+        # check to see if the option name is specified
+        field_name, sep, first_value = field[0].partition(":")
+        if sep:
+            if field_name not in all_field_names:
+                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Unknown field name {field_name!r}"
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+
+            values = ([first_value] if first_value else []) + field[1:]
+        else:
+            try:
+                field_name = positional_arg_names[field_i]
+            except IndexError:
+                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Too many positional arguments - expected a maximum of {len(positional_arg_names)}"
+                raise ValueError(msg) from None
+
+            values = field
+
+        result[field_name] += values
+
+    return dict(result)
+
+
+def find_uv() -> Path | None:
+    # Prefer uv in our environment
+    with contextlib.suppress(ImportError, FileNotFoundError):
+        # pylint: disable-next=import-outside-toplevel
+        from uv import find_uv_bin
+
+        return Path(find_uv_bin())
+
+    uv_on_path = shutil.which("uv")
+    return Path(uv_on_path) if uv_on_path else None
+
+
+def combine_constraints(
+    env: MutableMapping[str, str], /, constraints_path: Path, tmp_dir: Path | None
+) -> None:
+    """
+    This will workaround a bug in pip<=21.1.1 or uv<=0.2.0 if a tmp_dir is given.
+    If set to None, this will use the modern URI method.
+    """
+
+    if tmp_dir:
+        if " " in str(constraints_path):
+            assert " " not in str(tmp_dir)
+            tmp_file = tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
+            tmp_file.write_bytes(constraints_path.read_bytes())
+            constraints_path = tmp_file
+        our_constraints = str(constraints_path)
+    else:
+        our_constraints = (
+            constraints_path.as_uri() if " " in str(constraints_path) else str(constraints_path)
+        )
+
+    user_constraints = env.get("PIP_CONSTRAINT")
+
+    env["UV_CONSTRAINT"] = env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = " ".join(
+        c for c in [our_constraints, user_constraints] if c
+    )
+
+
+@total_ordering
+class FlexibleVersion:
+    version_str: str
+    version_parts: tuple[int, ...]
+    suffix: str
+
+    def __init__(self, version_str: str) -> None:
+        self.version_str = version_str
+
+        # Split into numeric parts and the optional suffix
+        match = re.match(r"^[v]?(\d+(\.\d+)*)(.*)$", version_str)
+        if not match:
+            msg = f"Invalid version string: {version_str}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        version_part, _, suffix = match.groups()
+
+        # Convert numeric version part into a tuple of integers
+        self.version_parts = tuple(map(int, version_part.split(".")))
+        self.suffix = suffix.strip() if suffix else ""
+
+        # Normalize by removing trailing zeros
+        self.version_parts = self._remove_trailing_zeros(self.version_parts)
+
+    def _remove_trailing_zeros(self, parts: tuple[int, ...]) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+        # Remove trailing zeros for accurate comparisons
+        # without this, "3.0" would be considered greater than "3"
+        while parts and parts[-1] == 0:
+            parts = parts[:-1]
+        return parts
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, FlexibleVersion):
+            raise NotImplementedError()
+        return (self.version_parts, self.suffix) == (other.version_parts, other.suffix)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, FlexibleVersion):
+            raise NotImplementedError()
+        return (self.version_parts, self.suffix) < (other.version_parts, other.suffix)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"FlexibleVersion('{self.version_str}')"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.version_str

cibuildwheel/util/cmd.py

@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import shlex
-import shutil
-import subprocess
-import sys
-import typing
-from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
-from typing import Final, Literal
-
-from ..errors import FatalError
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
-
-_IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
-
-
-@typing.overload
-def call(
-    *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
-    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
-    capture_stdout: Literal[False] = ...,
-) -> None: ...
-
-
-@typing.overload
-def call(
-    *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
-    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
-    capture_stdout: Literal[True],
-) -> str: ...
-
-
-def call(
-    *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
-    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
-    capture_stdout: bool = False,
-) -> str | None:
-    """
-    Run subprocess.run, but print the commands first. Takes the commands as
-    *args. Uses shell=True on Windows due to a bug. Also converts to
-    Paths to strings, due to Windows behavior at least on older Pythons.
-    https://bugs.python.org/issue8557
-    """
-    args_ = [str(arg) for arg in args]
-    # print the command executing for the logs
-    print("+ " + " ".join(shlex.quote(a) for a in args_))
-    # workaround platform behaviour differences outlined
-    # in https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/52803
-    path_env = env if env is not None else os.environ
-    path = path_env.get("PATH", None)
-    executable = shutil.which(args_[0], path=path)
-    if executable is None:
-        msg = f"Couldn't find {args_[0]!r} in PATH {path!r}"
-        raise FatalError(msg)
-    args_[0] = executable
-    try:
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            args_,
-            check=True,
-            shell=_IS_WIN,
-            env=env,
-            cwd=cwd,
-            capture_output=capture_stdout,
-            text=capture_stdout,
-        )
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-        if capture_stdout:
-            sys.stderr.write(e.stderr)
-        raise
-    if not capture_stdout:
-        return None
-    sys.stderr.write(result.stderr)
-    return typing.cast(str, result.stdout)
-
-
-def shell(
-    *commands: str, env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None, cwd: PathOrStr | None = None
-) -> None:
-    command = " ".join(commands)
-    print(f"+ {command}")
-    subprocess.run(command, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
-
-
-def split_command(lst: list[str]) -> Iterator[list[str]]:
-    """
-    Split a shell-style command, as returned by shlex.split, into a sequence
-    of commands, separated by '&&'.
-    """
-    items = list[str]()
-    for item in lst:
-        if item == "&&":
-            yield items
-            items = []
-        else:
-            items.append(item)
-    yield items

cibuildwheel/util/file.py

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import shutil
-import ssl
-import tarfile
-import time
-import urllib.request
-from collections.abc import Callable
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from typing import Final
-from zipfile import ZipFile
-
-import certifi
-from platformdirs import user_cache_path
-
-from ..errors import FatalError
-
-DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
-CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
-    os.environ.get("CIBW_CACHE_PATH", DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH)
-).resolve()
-
-
-def download(url: str, dest: Path) -> None:
-    print(f"+ Download {url} to {dest}")
-    dest_dir = dest.parent
-    dest_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    # we've had issues when relying on the host OS' CA certificates on Windows,
-    # so we use certifi (this sounds odd but requests also does this by default)
-    cafile = os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_FILE", certifi.where())
-    context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=cafile)
-    repeat_num = 3
-    for i in range(repeat_num):
-        try:
-            with urllib.request.urlopen(url, context=context) as response:
-                dest.write_bytes(response.read())
-                return
-
-        except OSError:
-            if i == repeat_num - 1:
-                raise
-            time.sleep(3)
-
-
-def extract_zip(zip_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
-    """Extracts a zip and correctly sets permissions on extracted files.
-
-    Notes:
-        - sets permissions to the same values as they were set in the archive
-        - files with no clear permissions in `external_attr` will be extracted with default values
-    """
-    with ZipFile(zip_src) as zip_:
-        for zinfo in zip_.filelist:
-            zip_.extract(zinfo, dest)
-
-            # Set permissions to the same values as they were set in the archive
-            # We have to do this manually due to https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/59999
-            permissions = (zinfo.external_attr >> 16) & 0o777
-            if permissions != 0:
-                dest.joinpath(zinfo.filename).chmod(permissions)
-
-
-def extract_tar(tar_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
-    """Extracts a tar file using the stdlib 'tar' filter.
-
-    See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tarfile.html#tarfile.tar_filter for filter details
-    """
-    with tarfile.open(tar_src) as tar_:
-        tar_.extraction_filter = getattr(tarfile, "tar_filter", (lambda member, _: member))
-        tar_.extractall(dest)
-
-
-def move_file(src_file: Path, dst_file: Path) -> Path:
-    """Moves a file safely while avoiding potential semantic confusion:
-
-    1. `dst_file` must point to the target filename, not a directory
-    2. `dst_file` will be overwritten if it already exists
-    3. any missing parent directories will be created
-
-    Returns the fully resolved Path of the resulting file.
-
-    Raises:
-        NotADirectoryError: If any part of the intermediate path to `dst_file` is an existing file
-        IsADirectoryError: If `dst_file` points directly to an existing directory
-    """
-    src_file = src_file.resolve(strict=True)
-    dst_file = dst_file.resolve()
-
-    if dst_file.is_dir():
-        msg = "dst_file must be a valid target filename, not an existing directory."
-        raise IsADirectoryError(msg)
-    dst_file.unlink(missing_ok=True)
-    dst_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    # using shutil.move() as Path.rename() is not guaranteed to work across filesystem boundaries
-    # explicit str() needed for Python 3.8
-    resulting_file = shutil.move(str(src_file), str(dst_file))
-    return Path(resulting_file).resolve(strict=True)
-
-
-def copy_into_local(src: Path, dst: PurePath) -> None:
-    """Copy a path from src to dst, regardless of whether it's a file or a directory."""
-    # Ensure the target folder location exists
-    Path(dst.parent).mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
-
-    if src.is_dir():
-        shutil.copytree(src, dst)
-    else:
-        shutil.copy(src, dst)
-
-
-def copy_test_sources(
-    test_sources: list[str],
-    project_dir: Path,
-    test_dir: PurePath,
-    copy_into: Callable[[Path, PurePath], None] = copy_into_local,
-) -> None:
-    """Copy the list of test sources from the package to the test directory.
-
-    :param test_sources: A list of test paths, relative to the project_dir.
-    :param project_dir: The root of the project.
-    :param test_dir: The folder where test sources should be placed.
-    :param copy_into: The copy function to use. By default, does a local
-        filesystem copy; but an OCIContainer.copy_info method (or equivalent)
-        can be provided.
-    """
-    for test_path in test_sources:
-        source = project_dir.resolve() / test_path
-
-        if not source.exists():
-            msg = f"Test source {test_path} does not exist."
-            raise FatalError(msg)
-
-        copy_into(source, test_dir / test_path)

cibuildwheel/util/helpers.py

@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-import itertools
-import os
-import re
-import shlex
-import textwrap
-from collections import defaultdict
-from collections.abc import Sequence
-from functools import total_ordering
-
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
-
-
-def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
-    """
-    Works similarly to `template.format(**kwargs)`, except that unmatched
-    fields in `template` are passed through untouched.
-
-    >>> format_safe('{a} {b}', a='123')
-    '123 {b}'
-    >>> format_safe('{a} {b[4]:3f}', a='123')
-    '123 {b[4]:3f}'
-
-    To avoid variable expansion, precede with a single backslash e.g.
-    >>> format_safe('\\{a} {b}', a='123')
-    '{a} {b}'
-    """
-
-    result = template
-
-    for key, value in kwargs.items():
-        find_pattern = re.compile(
-            rf"""
-                (?<!\#)  # don't match if preceded by a hash
-                {{  # literal open curly bracket
-                {re.escape(key)}  # the field name
-                }}  # literal close curly bracket
-            """,
-            re.VERBOSE,
-        )
-
-        result = re.sub(
-            pattern=find_pattern,
-            repl=str(value).replace("\\", r"\\"),
-            string=result,
-        )
-
-        # transform escaped sequences into their literal equivalents
-        result = result.replace(f"#{{{key}}}", f"{{{key}}}")
-
-    return result
-
-
-def prepare_command(command: str, **kwargs: PathOrStr) -> str:
-    """
-    Preprocesses a command by expanding variables like {project}.
-
-    For example, used in the test_command option to specify the path to the
-    project's root. Unmatched syntax will mostly be allowed through.
-    """
-    return format_safe(command, **kwargs)
-
-
-def strtobool(val: str) -> bool:
-    return val.lower() in {"y", "yes", "t", "true", "on", "1"}
-
-
-def unwrap(text: str) -> str:
-    """
-    Unwraps multi-line text to a single line
-    """
-    # remove initial line indent
-    text = textwrap.dedent(text)
-    # remove leading/trailing whitespace
-    text = text.strip()
-    # remove consecutive whitespace
-    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text)
-
-
-def unwrap_preserving_paragraphs(text: str) -> str:
-    """
-    Unwraps multi-line text to a single line, but preserves paragraphs
-    """
-    # remove initial line indent
-    text = textwrap.dedent(text)
-    # remove leading/trailing whitespace
-    text = text.strip()
-
-    paragraphs = text.split("\n\n")
-    # remove consecutive whitespace
-    paragraphs = [re.sub(r"\s+", " ", paragraph) for paragraph in paragraphs]
-    return "\n\n".join(paragraphs)
-
-
-def parse_key_value_string(
-    key_value_string: str,
-    positional_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
-    kw_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
-) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
-    """
-    Parses a string like "docker; create_args: --some-option=value another-option"
-    """
-    if positional_arg_names is None:
-        positional_arg_names = []
-    if kw_arg_names is None:
-        kw_arg_names = []
-
-    all_field_names = [*positional_arg_names, *kw_arg_names]
-
-    shlexer = shlex.shlex(key_value_string, posix=True, punctuation_chars=";")
-    shlexer.commenters = ""
-    shlexer.whitespace_split = True
-    parts = list(shlexer)
-    # parts now looks like
-    # ['docker', ';', 'create_args:', '--some-option=value', 'another-option']
-
-    # split by semicolon
-    fields = [list(group) for k, group in itertools.groupby(parts, lambda x: x == ";") if not k]
-
-    result: defaultdict[str, list[str]] = defaultdict(list)
-    for field_i, field in enumerate(fields):
-        # check to see if the option name is specified
-        field_name, sep, first_value = field[0].partition(":")
-        if sep:
-            if field_name not in all_field_names:
-                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Unknown field name {field_name!r}"
-                raise ValueError(msg)
-
-            values = ([first_value] if first_value else []) + field[1:]
-        else:
-            try:
-                field_name = positional_arg_names[field_i]
-            except IndexError:
-                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Too many positional arguments - expected a maximum of {len(positional_arg_names)}"
-                raise ValueError(msg) from None
-
-            values = field
-
-        result[field_name] += values
-
-    return dict(result)
-
-
-@total_ordering
-class FlexibleVersion:
-    version_str: str
-    version_parts: tuple[int, ...]
-    suffix: str
-
-    def __init__(self, version_str: str) -> None:
-        self.version_str = version_str
-
-        # Split into numeric parts and the optional suffix
-        match = re.match(r"^[v]?(\d+(\.\d+)*)(.*)$", version_str)
-        if not match:
-            msg = f"Invalid version string: {version_str}"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-        version_part, _, suffix = match.groups()
-
-        # Convert numeric version part into a tuple of integers
-        self.version_parts = tuple(map(int, version_part.split(".")))
-        self.suffix = suffix.strip() if suffix else ""
-
-        # Normalize by removing trailing zeros
-        self.version_parts = self._remove_trailing_zeros(self.version_parts)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _remove_trailing_zeros(parts: tuple[int, ...]) -> tuple[int, ...]:
-        # Remove trailing zeros for accurate comparisons
-        # without this, "3.0" would be considered greater than "3"
-        while parts and parts[-1] == 0:
-            parts = parts[:-1]
-        return parts
-
-    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
-        if not isinstance(other, FlexibleVersion):
-            raise NotImplementedError()
-        return (self.version_parts, self.suffix) == (other.version_parts, other.suffix)
-
-    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
-        if not isinstance(other, FlexibleVersion):
-            raise NotImplementedError()
-        return (self.version_parts, self.suffix) < (other.version_parts, other.suffix)
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"FlexibleVersion('{self.version_str}')"
-
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return self.version_str

cibuildwheel/util/packaging.py

@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-import shlex
-from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from typing import Any, Literal, Self, TypeVar
-
-from packaging.utils import parse_wheel_filename
-
-from . import resources
-from .cmd import call
-from .helpers import parse_key_value_string, unwrap
-
-
-@dataclass(kw_only=True)
-class DependencyConstraints:
-    base_file_path: Path | None = None
-    packages: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-
-    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
-        if self.packages and self.base_file_path is not None:
-            msg = "Cannot specify both a file and packages in the dependency constraints"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-        if self.base_file_path is not None:
-            if not self.base_file_path.exists():
-                msg = f"Dependency constraints file not found: {self.base_file_path}"
-                raise FileNotFoundError(msg)
-            self.base_file_path = self.base_file_path.resolve()
-
-    @classmethod
-    def pinned(cls) -> Self:
-        return cls(base_file_path=resources.CONSTRAINTS)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def latest(cls) -> Self:
-        return cls()
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self:
-        if config_string == "pinned":
-            return cls.pinned()
-
-        if config_string == "latest" or not config_string:
-            return cls.latest()
-
-        if config_string.startswith(("file:", "packages:")):
-            # we only do the table-style parsing if it looks like a table,
-            # because this option used to be only a file path. We don't want
-            # to break existing configurations, whose file paths might include
-            # special characters like ':' or ' ', which would require quoting
-            # if they were to be passed as a parse_key_value_string positional
-            # argument.
-            return cls.from_table_style_config_string(config_string)
-
-        return cls(base_file_path=Path(config_string))
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_table_style_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self:
-        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, kw_arg_names=["file", "packages"])
-        files = config_dict.get("file")
-        packages = config_dict.get("packages") or []
-
-        if files and packages:
-            msg = "Cannot specify both a file and packages in dependency-versions"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-        if files:
-            if len(files) > 1:
-                msg = unwrap("""
-                    Only one file can be specified in dependency-versions.
-                    If you intended to pass only one, perhaps you need to quote the path?
-                """)
-                raise ValueError(msg)
-
-            return cls(base_file_path=Path(files[0]))
-
-        return cls(packages=packages)
-
-    def get_for_python_version(
-        self, *, version: str, variant: Literal["python", "pyodide"] = "python", tmp_dir: Path
-    ) -> Path | None:
-        if self.packages:
-            constraint_file = tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
-            constraint_file.write_text("\n".join(self.packages))
-            return constraint_file
-
-        if self.base_file_path is not None:
-            version_parts = version.split(".")
-
-            # try to find a version-specific dependency file e.g. if
-            # ./constraints.txt is the base, look for ./constraints-python36.txt
-            specific_stem = (
-                self.base_file_path.stem + f"-{variant}{version_parts[0]}{version_parts[1]}"
-            )
-            specific_name = specific_stem + self.base_file_path.suffix
-            specific_file_path = self.base_file_path.with_name(specific_name)
-
-            if specific_file_path.exists():
-                return specific_file_path
-            else:
-                return self.base_file_path
-
-        return None
-
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
-        if self == DependencyConstraints.pinned():
-            return "pinned"
-        elif self.packages:
-            return {"packages": " ".join(shlex.quote(p) for p in self.packages)}
-        elif self.base_file_path is not None:
-            return self.base_file_path.name
-        else:
-            return "latest"
-
-
-def get_pip_version(env: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
-    versions_output_text = call(
-        "python", "-m", "pip", "freeze", "--all", capture_stdout=True, env=env
-    )
-    (pip_version,) = (
-        version[5:]
-        for version in versions_output_text.strip().splitlines()
-        if version.startswith("pip==")
-    )
-    return pip_version
-
-
-T = TypeVar("T", bound=PurePath)
-
-
-def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
-    """
-    Finds a wheel with an abi3 or a none ABI tag in `wheels` compatible with the Python interpreter
-    specified by `identifier` that is previously built.
-    """
-
-    interpreter, platform = identifier.split("-", 1)
-    interpreter = interpreter.split("_")[0]
-    free_threaded = interpreter.endswith("t")
-    if free_threaded:
-        interpreter = interpreter[:-1]
-    for wheel in wheels:
-        _, _, _, tags = parse_wheel_filename(wheel.name)
-        for tag in tags:
-            if tag.abi == "abi3" and not free_threaded:
-                # ABI3 wheels must start with cp3 for impl and tag
-                if not (interpreter.startswith("cp3") and tag.interpreter.startswith("cp3")):
-                    continue
-            elif tag.abi == "none":
-                # CPythonless wheels must include py3 tag
-                if tag.interpreter[:3] != "py3":
-                    continue
-            else:
-                # Other types of wheels are not detected, this is looking for previously built wheels.
-                continue
-
-            if tag.interpreter != "py3" and int(tag.interpreter[3:]) > int(interpreter[3:]):
-                # If a minor version number is given, it has to be lower than the current one.
-                continue
-
-            if platform.startswith(("manylinux", "musllinux", "macosx", "ios")):
-                # Linux, macOS, and iOS require the beginning and ending match
-                # (macos/manylinux/iOS version number doesn't need to match)
-                os_, arch = platform.split("_", 1)
-                if not tag.platform.startswith(os_):
-                    continue
-                if not tag.platform.endswith(f"_{arch}"):
-                    continue
-            elif platform.startswith("pyodide"):
-                # each Pyodide version has its own platform tag
-                continue
-            else:
-                # Windows should exactly match
-                if tag.platform != platform:
-                    continue
-
-            # If all the filters above pass, then the wheel is a previously built compatible wheel.
-            return wheel
-
-    return None
-
-
-def combine_constraints(
-    env: MutableMapping[str, str], /, constraints_path: Path, tmp_dir: Path | None
-) -> None:
-    """
-    This will workaround a bug in pip<=21.1.1 or uv<=0.2.0 if a tmp_dir is given.
-    If set to None, this will use the modern URI method.
-    """
-
-    if tmp_dir:
-        if " " in str(constraints_path):
-            assert " " not in str(tmp_dir)
-            tmp_file = tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
-            tmp_file.write_bytes(constraints_path.read_bytes())
-            constraints_path = tmp_file
-        our_constraints = str(constraints_path)
-    else:
-        our_constraints = (
-            constraints_path.as_uri() if " " in str(constraints_path) else str(constraints_path)
-        )
-
-    user_constraints = env.get("PIP_CONSTRAINT")
-
-    env["UV_CONSTRAINT"] = env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = " ".join(
-        c for c in [our_constraints, user_constraints] if c
-    )

cibuildwheel/util/python_build_standalone.py

@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
-import fnmatch
-import functools
-import json
-import platform
-import typing
-from pathlib import Path
-
-from filelock import FileLock
-
-from cibuildwheel.util.file import download, extract_tar
-from cibuildwheel.util.resources import PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES
-
-
-class PythonBuildStandaloneAsset(typing.TypedDict):
-    name: str
-    url: str
-
-
-class PythonBuildStandaloneRelease(typing.TypedDict):
-    tag: str
-    assets: list[PythonBuildStandaloneAsset]
-
-
-class PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData(typing.TypedDict):
-    releases: list[PythonBuildStandaloneRelease]
-
-
-@functools.cache
-def get_python_build_standalone_release_data() -> PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData:
-    with open(PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES, "rb") as f:
-        return typing.cast(PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData, json.load(f))
-
-
-class PythonBuildStandaloneError(Exception):
-    """Errors related to python-build-standalone."""
-
-
-def _get_platform_identifiers() -> tuple[str, str, str | None]:
-    """
-    Detects the current platform and returns architecture, platform, and libc
-    identifiers.
-    """
-    system = platform.system()
-    machine = platform.machine()
-    machine_lower = machine.lower()
-
-    arch_identifier: str
-    platform_identifier: str
-    libc_identifier: str | None = None
-
-    # Map Architecture
-    if machine_lower in ["x86_64", "amd64"]:
-        arch_identifier = "x86_64"
-    elif machine_lower in ["aarch64", "arm64"]:
-        arch_identifier = "aarch64"
-    else:
-        msg = f"Unsupported architecture: {system} {machine}. Cannot download appropriate Python build."
-        raise PythonBuildStandaloneError(msg)
-
-    # Map OS + Libc
-    if system == "Linux":
-        platform_identifier = "unknown-linux"
-        libc_identifier = "musl" if "musl" in (platform.libc_ver() or ("", "")) else "gnu"
-    elif system == "Darwin":
-        platform_identifier = "apple-darwin"
-    elif system == "Windows":
-        platform_identifier = "pc-windows-msvc"
-    else:
-        msg = f"Unsupported operating system: {system}. Cannot download appropriate Python build."
-        raise PythonBuildStandaloneError(msg)
-
-    print(
-        f"Detected platform: arch='{arch_identifier}', platform='{platform_identifier}', libc='{libc_identifier}'"
-    )
-    return arch_identifier, platform_identifier, libc_identifier
-
-
-def _get_pbs_asset(
-    *,
-    python_version: str,
-    arch_identifier: str,
-    platform_identifier: str,
-    libc_identifier: str | None,
-) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
-    """Finds the asset, returning (tag, filename, url)."""
-    release_data = get_python_build_standalone_release_data()
-
-    expected_suffix = f"{arch_identifier}-{platform_identifier}"
-    if libc_identifier:
-        expected_suffix += f"-{libc_identifier}"
-    expected_suffix += "-install_only.tar.gz"
-
-    asset_pattern = f"cpython-{python_version}.*-{expected_suffix}"
-    print(f"Looking for file with pattern {asset_pattern}")
-
-    for release in release_data["releases"]:
-        for asset in release["assets"]:
-            asset_name = asset["name"]
-            if not fnmatch.fnmatch(asset_name, asset_pattern):
-                continue
-
-            asset_url = asset["url"]
-            return release["tag"], asset_url, asset_name
-
-    # If loop completes without finding a match
-    msg = f"Could not find python-build-standalone release asset matching {asset_pattern!r}."
-    raise PythonBuildStandaloneError(msg)
-
-
-def _download_or_get_from_cache(asset_url: str, asset_filename: str, cache_dir: Path) -> Path:
-    with FileLock(cache_dir / (asset_filename + ".lock")):
-        asset_cache_path = cache_dir / asset_filename
-        if asset_cache_path.is_file():
-            print(f"Using cached python_build_standalone: {asset_cache_path}")
-            return asset_cache_path
-
-        print(f"Downloading python_build_standalone: {asset_url} to {asset_cache_path}")
-        download(asset_url, asset_cache_path)
-        return asset_cache_path
-
-
-def _find_python_executable(extracted_dir: Path) -> Path:
-    """Finds the python executable within the extracted directory structure."""
-    # Structure is typically 'python/bin/python' or 'python/python.exe'
-    base_install_dir = extracted_dir / "python"
-
-    if platform.system() == "Windows":
-        executable_path = base_install_dir / "python.exe"
-    else:
-        executable_path = base_install_dir / "bin" / "python"
-
-    if not executable_path.is_file():
-        msg = f"Could not locate python executable at expected path {executable_path} within {extracted_dir}."
-        raise PythonBuildStandaloneError(msg)
-
-    print(f"Found python executable: {executable_path}")
-    return executable_path.resolve()  # Return absolute path
-
-
-def create_python_build_standalone_environment(
-    python_version: str, temp_dir: Path, cache_dir: Path
-) -> Path:
-    """
-    Returns a Python environment from python-build-standalone, downloading it
-    if necessary using a cache, and expanding it into a fresh base path.
-
-    Args:
-        python_version: The Python version string (e.g., "3.12").
-        temp_dir: A directory where the Python environment will be created.
-        cache_dir: A directory to store/retrieve downloaded archives.
-
-    Returns:
-        The absolute path to the python executable within the created environment (in temp_dir).
-
-    Raises:
-        PythonBuildStandaloneError: If the platform is unsupported, the build cannot be found,
-                    download/extraction fails, or configuration is invalid.
-    """
-
-    print(f"Creating python-build-standalone environment: version={python_version}")
-
-    arch_id, platform_id, libc_id = _get_platform_identifiers()
-
-    pbs_tag, asset_url, asset_filename = _get_pbs_asset(
-        python_version=python_version,
-        arch_identifier=arch_id,
-        platform_identifier=platform_id,
-        libc_identifier=libc_id,
-    )
-
-    print(f"Using python-build-standalone release: {pbs_tag}")
-
-    archive_path = _download_or_get_from_cache(
-        asset_url=asset_url, asset_filename=asset_filename, cache_dir=cache_dir
-    )
-
-    python_base_dir = temp_dir / "pbs"
-    assert not python_base_dir.exists()
-    extract_tar(archive_path, python_base_dir)
-
-    return _find_python_executable(python_base_dir)

cibuildwheel/util/resources.py

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-import tomllib
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Final
-
-from ..typing import PlatformName
-
-PATH: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "resources"
-INSTALL_CERTIFI_SCRIPT: Final[Path] = PATH / "install_certifi.py"
-FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_313: Final[Path] = PATH / "free-threaded-enable-313.xml"
-FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_314: Final[Path] = PATH / "free-threaded-enable-314.xml"
-NODEJS: Final[Path] = PATH / "nodejs.toml"
-DEFAULTS: Final[Path] = PATH / "defaults.toml"
-PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES: Final[Path] = PATH / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
-BUILD_PLATFORMS: Final[Path] = PATH / "build-platforms.toml"
-CONSTRAINTS: Final[Path] = PATH / "constraints.txt"
-VIRTUALENV: Final[Path] = PATH / "virtualenv.toml"
-CIBUILDWHEEL_SCHEMA: Final[Path] = PATH / "cibuildwheel.schema.json"
-PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES: Final[Path] = PATH / "python-build-standalone-releases.json"
-TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE: Final[Path] = PATH / "testing_temp_dir_file.py"
-
-
-# this value is cached because it's used a lot in unit tests
-@functools.cache
-def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
-    with BUILD_PLATFORMS.open("rb") as f:
-        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
-    results: list[dict[str, str]] = list(loaded_file[config]["python_configurations"])
-    return results

cibuildwheel/venv.py

@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-import contextlib
-import functools
-import os
-import shutil
-import sys
-import tomllib
-from collections.abc import Sequence
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Final
-
-from filelock import FileLock
-from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
-from packaging.version import Version
-
-from .util import resources
-from .util.cmd import call
-from .util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download
-
-_IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
-
-
-@functools.cache
-def _ensure_virtualenv(version: str) -> tuple[Path, Version]:
-    version_parts = version.split(".")
-    key = f"py{version_parts[0]}{version_parts[1]}"
-    with resources.VIRTUALENV.open("rb") as f:
-        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
-    configuration = loaded_file.get(key, loaded_file["default"])
-    version = str(configuration["version"])
-    url = str(configuration["url"])
-    path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"virtualenv-{version}.pyz"
-    with FileLock(str(path) + ".lock"):
-        if not path.exists():
-            download(url, path)
-    return (path, Version(version))
-
-
-def constraint_flags(
-    dependency_constraint: Path | None,
-) -> Sequence[str]:
-    """
-    Returns the flags to pass to pip for the given dependency constraint.
-    """
-
-    return ["-c", dependency_constraint.as_uri()] if dependency_constraint else []
-
-
-def _parse_pip_constraint_for_virtualenv(
-    constraint_path: Path | None,
-) -> str:
-    """
-    Parses the constraints file referenced by `dependency_constraint_flags` and returns a dict where
-    the key is the package name, and the value is the constraint version.
-    If a package version cannot be found, its value is "embed" meaning that virtualenv will install
-    its bundled version, already available locally.
-    The function does not try to be too smart and just handles basic constraints.
-    If it can't get an exact version, the real constraint will be handled by the
-    {macos|windows}.setup_python function.
-    """
-    if constraint_path:
-        assert constraint_path.exists()
-        with constraint_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as constraint_file:
-            for line_ in constraint_file:
-                line = line_.strip()
-                if not line:
-                    continue
-                if line.startswith("#"):
-                    continue
-                try:
-                    requirement = Requirement(line)
-                    package = requirement.name
-                    if (
-                        package != "pip"
-                        or requirement.url is not None
-                        or requirement.marker is not None
-                        or len(requirement.extras) != 0
-                        or len(requirement.specifier) != 1
-                    ):
-                        continue
-                    specifier = next(iter(requirement.specifier))
-                    if specifier.operator != "==":
-                        continue
-                    return specifier.version
-                except InvalidRequirement:
-                    continue
-    return "embed"
-
-
-def virtualenv(
-    version: str,
-    python: Path,
-    venv_path: Path,
-    dependency_constraint: Path | None,
-    *,
-    use_uv: bool,
-    env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
-    pip_version: str | None = None,
-) -> dict[str, str]:
-    """
-    Create a virtual environment. If `use_uv` is True,
-    dependency_constraint_flags are ignored since nothing is installed in the
-    venv. Otherwise, pip is installed.
-    """
-
-    # virtualenv may fail if this is a symlink.
-    python = python.resolve()
-
-    assert python.exists()
-
-    if use_uv:
-        call("uv", "venv", venv_path, "--python", python)
-    else:
-        virtualenv_app, virtualenv_version = _ensure_virtualenv(version)
-        if pip_version is None:
-            pip_version = _parse_pip_constraint_for_virtualenv(dependency_constraint)
-        additional_flags = [f"--pip={pip_version}", "--no-setuptools"]
-        if virtualenv_version < Version("20.31") or Version(version) < Version("3.9"):
-            additional_flags.append("--no-wheel")
-
-        # Using symlinks to pre-installed seed packages is really the fastest way to get a virtual
-        # environment. The initial cost is a bit higher but reusing is much faster.
-        # Windows does not always allow symlinks so just disabling for now.
-        # Requires pip>=19.3 so disabling for "embed" because this means we don't know what's the
-        # version of pip that will end-up installed.
-        # c.f. https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/cli_interface.html#section-seeder
-        if not _IS_WIN and pip_version != "embed" and Version(pip_version) >= Version("19.3"):
-            additional_flags.append("--symlink-app-data")
-
-        call(
-            sys.executable,
-            "-sS",  # just the stdlib, https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/2133#issuecomment-1003710125
-            virtualenv_app,
-            "--activators=",
-            "--no-periodic-update",
-            *additional_flags,
-            "--python",
-            python,
-            venv_path,
-        )
-    paths = [str(venv_path), str(venv_path / "Scripts")] if _IS_WIN else [str(venv_path / "bin")]
-    venv_env = os.environ.copy() if env is None else env.copy()
-    venv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([*paths, venv_env["PATH"]])
-    venv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_path)
-    if not use_uv and pip_version == "embed":
-        call(
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "pip",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-            env=venv_env,
-            cwd=venv_path,
-        )
-    return venv_env
-
-
-def find_uv() -> Path | None:
-    # Prefer uv in our environment
-    with contextlib.suppress(ImportError, FileNotFoundError):
-        # pylint: disable-next=import-outside-toplevel
-        from uv import find_uv_bin
-
-        return Path(find_uv_bin())
-
-    uv_on_path = shutil.which("uv")
-    return Path(uv_on_path) if uv_on_path else None

cibuildwheel/windows.py

@@ -1,30 +1,47 @@
-import dataclasses
-import json
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 import platform as platform_module
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Set
-from functools import cache
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Sequence, Set
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import assert_never
 
 from filelock import FileLock
+from packaging.version import Version
 
-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, extract_zip, move_file
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
+from . import errors
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
+from .architecture import Architecture
+from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from .logger import log
+from .options import Options
+from .typing import PathOrStr
+from .util import (
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildFrontendName,
+    BuildSelector,
+    call,
+    combine_constraints,
+    download,
+    extract_zip,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
+    find_uv,
+    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
+    get_pip_version,
+    move_file,
+    prepare_command,
+    read_python_configs,
+    shell,
+    split_config_settings,
+    test_fail_cwd_file,
+    unwrap,
+    virtualenv,
+)
 
 
 def get_nuget_args(
@@ -51,7 +68,7 @@ def get_nuget_args(
     ]
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
     arch: str
@@ -59,16 +76,13 @@ class PythonConfiguration:
     url: str | None = None
 
 
-def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    config_dicts = resources.read_python_configs("windows")
-    return [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in config_dicts]
-
-
 def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector,
     architectures: Set[Architecture],
 ) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    python_configurations = all_python_configurations()
+    full_python_configs = read_python_configs("windows")
+
+    python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
 
     map_arch = {"32": Architecture.x86, "64": Architecture.AMD64, "ARM64": Architecture.ARM64}
 
@@ -82,7 +96,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     return python_configurations
 
 
-@cache
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
 def _ensure_nuget() -> Path:
     nuget = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "nuget.exe"
     with FileLock(str(nuget) + ".lock"):
@@ -124,20 +138,6 @@ def install_pypy(tmp: Path, arch: str, url: str) -> Path:
     return installation_path / "python.exe"
 
 
-def install_graalpy(tmp: Path, url: str) -> Path:
-    zip_filename = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
-    extension = ".zip"
-    assert zip_filename.endswith(extension)
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / zip_filename[: -len(extension)]
-    with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
-        if not installation_path.exists():
-            graalpy_zip = tmp / zip_filename
-            download(url, graalpy_zip)
-            # Extract to the parent directory because the zip file still contains a directory
-            extract_zip(graalpy_zip, installation_path.parent)
-    return installation_path / "bin" / "graalpy.exe"
-
-
 def setup_setuptools_cross_compile(
     tmp: Path,
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
@@ -226,14 +226,17 @@ def setup_rust_cross_compile(
 
 
 def can_use_uv(python_configuration: PythonConfiguration) -> bool:
-    conditions = (not python_configuration.identifier.startswith("pp38-"),)
+    conditions = (
+        Version(python_configuration.version) >= Version("3.8"),
+        not python_configuration.identifier.startswith("pp38-"),
+    )
     return all(conditions)
 
 
 def setup_python(
     tmp: Path,
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
-    dependency_constraint: Path | None,
+    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
     build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
 ) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
@@ -254,8 +257,6 @@ def setup_python(
     elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
         assert python_configuration.url is not None
         base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.arch, python_configuration.url)
-    elif implementation_id.startswith("gp"):
-        base_python = install_graalpy(tmp, python_configuration.url or "")
     else:
         msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
         raise ValueError(msg)
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ def setup_python(
         python_configuration.version,
         base_python,
         venv_path,
-        dependency_constraint,
+        dependency_constraint_flags,
         use_uv=use_uv,
     )
 
@@ -282,6 +283,21 @@ def setup_python(
     env["PYTHON_ARCH"] = python_configuration.arch
     env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
 
+    # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
+    # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip.exe'
+    if not use_uv:
+        call(
+            "python",
+            "-m",
+            "pip",
+            "install",
+            "--upgrade",
+            "pip",
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
+            env=env,
+            cwd=venv_path,
+        )
+
     # update env with results from CIBW_ENVIRONMENT
     env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
 
@@ -311,7 +327,7 @@ def setup_python(
             "install",
             "--upgrade",
             "build[virtualenv]",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
             env=env,
         )
     elif build_frontend == "build[uv]":
@@ -322,7 +338,7 @@ def setup_python(
             "install",
             "--upgrade",
             "build[virtualenv]",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
             env=env,
         )
 
@@ -331,42 +347,6 @@ def setup_python(
         setup_setuptools_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
         setup_rust_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
 
-    if implementation_id.startswith("gp"):
-        # GraalPy fails to discover compilers, setup the relevant environment
-        # variables. Adapted from
-        # https://github.com/microsoft/vswhere/wiki/Start-Developer-Command-Prompt
-        # Remove when https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/492 is fixed.
-        vcpath = call(
-            Path(os.environ["PROGRAMFILES(X86)"])
-            / "Microsoft Visual Studio"
-            / "Installer"
-            / "vswhere.exe",
-            "-products",
-            "*",
-            "-latest",
-            "-property",
-            "installationPath",
-            capture_stdout=True,
-        ).strip()
-        log.notice(f"Discovering Visual Studio for GraalPy at {vcpath}")
-        vcvars_file = tmp / "vcvars.json"
-        call(
-            f"{vcpath}\\Common7\\Tools\\vsdevcmd.bat",
-            "-no_logo",
-            "-arch=amd64",
-            "-host_arch=amd64",
-            "&&",
-            "python",
-            "-c",
-            # this command needs to be one line for Windows reasons
-            "import sys, json, pathlib, os; pathlib.Path(sys.argv[1]).write_text(json.dumps(dict(os.environ)))",
-            vcvars_file,
-            env=env,
-        )
-        with open(vcvars_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            vcvars = json.load(f)
-        env.update(vcvars)
-
     return base_python, env
 
 
@@ -394,8 +374,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
-
+            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
             use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" and can_use_uv(config)
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
@@ -404,20 +383,23 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
             repaired_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
 
-            constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                version=config.version,
-                tmp_dir=identifier_tmp_dir,
-            )
+            dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr] = []
+            if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+                dependency_constraint_flags = [
+                    "-c",
+                    build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version),
+                ]
 
             # install Python
             base_python, env = setup_python(
                 identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
                 config,
-                constraints_path,
+                dependency_constraint_flags,
                 build_options.environment,
                 build_frontend.name,
             )
-            pip_version = None if use_uv else get_pip_version(env)
+            if not use_uv:
+                pip_version = get_pip_version(env)
 
             compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
             if compatible_wheel:
@@ -440,34 +422,23 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 log.step("Building wheel...")
                 built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
-                extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                extra_flags = split_config_settings(
+                    build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name
                 )
-
-                if (
-                    config.identifier.startswith("gp")
-                    and build_frontend.name == "build"
-                    and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags
-                    and "-n" not in extra_flags
-                ):
-                    # GraalPy fails to discover its standard library when a venv is created
-                    # from a virtualenv seeded executable. See
-                    # https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/491 and remove this once
-                    # fixed upstream.
-                    log.notice(
-                        "Disabling build isolation to workaround GraalPy bug. If the build fails, consider using pip or build[uv] as build frontend."
-                    )
-                    shell("graalpy -m pip install setuptools wheel", env=env)
-                    extra_flags = [*extra_flags, "-n"]
+                extra_flags += build_frontend.args
 
                 build_env = env.copy()
-                if pip_version is not None:
+                if not use_uv:
                     build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
 
-                if constraints_path:
+                if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+                    constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                        config.version
+                    )
                     combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir)
 
                 if build_frontend.name == "pip":
+                    extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                     # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                     # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
                     call(
@@ -482,9 +453,11 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         env=build_env,
                     )
                 elif build_frontend.name == "build" or build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
+                    if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
+                        msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
+                        log.warning(msg)
                     if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
                         extra_flags.append("--installer=uv")
-
                     call(
                         "python",
                         "-m",
@@ -541,20 +514,29 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 log.step("Testing wheel...")
                 # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
                 # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-                venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "venv-test"
-                virtualenv_env = virtualenv(
-                    config.version,
-                    base_python,
-                    venv_dir,
-                    None,
-                    use_uv=use_uv,
-                    env=env,
-                    pip_version=pip_version,
-                )
+                if not use_uv:
+                    call("pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
 
-                virtualenv_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
-                    prev_environment=virtualenv_env
+                venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "venv-test"
+
+                if use_uv:
+                    call("uv", "venv", venv_dir, f"--python={base_python}", env=env)
+                else:
+                    # Use pip version from the initial env to ensure determinism
+                    venv_args = ["--no-periodic-update", f"--pip={pip_version}"]
+                    # In Python<3.12, setuptools & wheel are installed as well, use virtualenv embedded ones
+                    if Version(config.version) < Version("3.12"):
+                        venv_args.extend(("--setuptools=embed", "--wheel=embed"))
+                    call("python", "-m", "virtualenv", *venv_args, venv_dir, env=env)
+
+                virtualenv_env = env.copy()
+                virtualenv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
+                    [
+                        str(venv_dir / "Scripts"),
+                        virtualenv_env["PATH"],
+                    ]
                 )
+                virtualenv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_dir)
 
                 # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
                 call("where", "python", env=virtualenv_env)
@@ -584,26 +566,16 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 # run the tests from a temp dir, with an absolute path in the command
                 # (this ensures that Python runs the tests against the installed wheel
                 # and not the repo code)
-                test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"
-                test_cwd.mkdir()
-
-                if build_options.test_sources:
-                    copy_test_sources(
-                        build_options.test_sources,
-                        Path.cwd(),
-                        test_cwd,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    # Use the test_fail.py file to raise a nice error if the user
-                    # tries to run tests in the cwd
-                    (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(resources.TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE.read_text())
-
                 test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
                     build_options.test_command,
-                    project=Path.cwd(),
+                    project=Path(".").resolve(),
                     package=options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
                     wheel=repaired_wheel,
                 )
+                test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"
+                test_cwd.mkdir()
+                (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(test_fail_cwd_file.read_text())
+
                 shell(test_command_prepared, cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)
 
             # we're all done here; move it to output (remove if already exists)
@@ -612,7 +584,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
                 if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
                     log.warning(
-                        f"{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
+                        "{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
                     )
                 built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
 

docs/changelog.md

@@ -4,92 +4,11 @@ title: Changelog
 
 # Changelog
 
-### v3.0.0
+### v2.23.4
 
-Not yet released, but available for testing.
+_16 March 2026_
 
-Note - when using a beta version, be sure to check the [latest docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/), rather than the stable version, which is still on v2.X.
-
-<!--
-note to self, when doing final release, change to docs URLs in this section to the stable version!
--->
-
-If you've used previous versions of the beta:
-- ⚠️ Previous betas of v3.0 changed the working directory for tests. This has been rolled back to the v2.x behaviour, so you might need to change configs if you adapted to the beta 1 or 2 behaviour. See [issue #2406](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2406) for more information.
-- ⚠️ GraalPy shipped with the identifier `gp242-*` in previous betas, this has been changed to `gp311_242-*` to be consistent with other interpreters, and to fix a bug with GraalPy and project requires-python detection. If you were using GraalPy, you might need to update your config to use the new identifier.
-- ⚠️ `test-sources` now uses `project` directory instead of the `package` directory (matching the docs).
-
-#### v3.0.0rc2
-
-_6 June 2025_
-
-- 🛠 Updates to dependencies including Pyodide, python-build-standalone, and iOS support package. (#2449)
-
-#### v3.0.0rc1
-
-_5 June 2025_
-
-- 🛠 Updates to dependencies including CPython 3.13.4, pyodide-build and iOS support package. (#2443)
-
-#### v3.0.0b5
-
-_3 June 2025_
-
-- ✨ Support multiple commands on iOS, joined by `&&`, like the other platforms. (#2432)
-- ✨ Add `pyodide-prerelease` enable option, with an early build of 0.28 (Python 3.13). (#2431)
-- 🛠 test-sources now uses the `project` directory instead of the `package` directory (matching the docs). (#2437)
-- 🛠 Fixed a bug with GraalPy if vsdevcmd prints an error. Cirrus CI works again. (#2414)
-- 🛠 Use the standard Schema line for the integrated JSONSchema. (#2433)
-- 📚 Use Python 3.14 color output in docs CLI output. (#2407)
-
-#### v3.0.0b4
-
-_29 May 2025_
-
-- 🛠 Dependency updates, including Python 3.14.0b2. (#2371)
-- 🛠 Remove the addition of `PYTHONSAFEPATH` to `test-environment`. (#2429)
-- 📚 README table now matches docs and auto-updates. (#2427, #2428)
-
-#### v3.0.0b3
-
-_28 May 2025_
-
-- 🛠 Reverts the test working dir (when test-sources isn't set) to a temporary dir, rather than the project. (#2420)
-- 📚 Docs now primarily use the pyproject.toml name of options, rather than the environment variable name. (#2389)
-
-#### v3.0.0b2
-
-_25 May 2025_
-
-- ✨ Adds the [`CIBW_TEST_ENVIRONMENT`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#test-environment) option, which allows you to set environment variables for the test command. cibuildwheel now sets `PYTHONSAFEPATH=1` in test environments by default, to avoid picking up package imports from the local directory - we want to test the installed wheel, not the source tree! You can change that, or any other environment variable in the test environment using this option. (#2388)
-- ✨ Improves support for Pyodide builds and adds the [`CIBW_PYODIDE_VERSION`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#pyodide-version) option, which allows you to specify the version of Pyodide to use for builds. (#2002)
-
-#### v3.0.0b1
-
-_19 May 2025_
-
-- 🌟 Adds the ability to [build wheels for iOS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/platforms/#ios)! Set the [`platform` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#platform) to `ios` on a Mac with the iOS toolchain to try it out!
-- 🌟 Adds support for the GraalPy interpreter! Enable for your project using the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#enable). (#1538)
-- ✨ Adds CPython 3.14 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.14.0b1.
-
-    _While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.14 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag._ (#2390)
-- ✨ Adds the [test-sources option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#test-sources), and changes the working directory for tests.
-
-    - If this option is set, cibuildwheel will copy the files and folders specified in `test-sources` into a temporary directory, and run the tests from there. This is required for iOS builds, but also useful for other platforms, as it allows you to test the installed wheel without any chance of accidentally importing from the source tree.
-    - ~If this option is not set, cibuildwheel will run the tests in the source tree. This is a change from the previous behavior, where cibuildwheel would run the tests from a temporary directory. We're still investigating what's best here, so if you encounter any issues with this, please let us know in [issue #2406](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2406).~
-    - If this option is not set, behaviour matches v2.x - cibuildwheel will run the tests from a temporary directory, and you can use the `{project}` placeholder in the `test-command` to refer to the project directory.
-
-- ✨ Added´ `dependency-versions` inline syntax (#2123)
-- 🛠 The default [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#linux-image) has changed from `manylinux2014` to `manylinux_2_28` (#2330)
-- 🛠 Invokes `build` rather than `pip wheel` to build wheels by default. You can control this via the [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#build-frontend) option. You might notice that you can see your build log output now! (#2321)
-- 🛠 Removed the `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS` and `CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT` options - these have been folded into the [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#enable) option instead. (#2095)
-- 🛠 EOL images `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010`, `manylinux_2_24` and `musllinux_1_1` can no longer be specified by their shortname. The full OCI name can still be used for these images, if you wish (#2316)
-- 🛠 Build environments no longer have setuptools and wheel preinstalled. (#2329)
-- ⚠️ Dropped support for building Python 3.6 and 3.7 wheels. If you need to build wheels for these versions, use cibuildwheel v2.23.3 or earlier. (#2282)
-- ⚠️ The minimum Python version required to run cibuildwheel is now Python 3.11. You can still build wheels for Python 3.8 and newer. (#1912)
-- ⚠️ PyPy wheels no longer built by default, due to a change to our options system. To continue building PyPy wheels, you'll now need to set the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#enable) to `pypy` or `pypy-eol`. (#2095)
-- ⚠️ Dropped official support for Appveyor. If it was working for you before, it will probably continue to do so, but we can't be sure, because our CI doesn't run there anymore. (#2386)
-- 📚 A reorganisation of the docs, and numerous updates (#2280)
+- 🐛 Fix HTTP 429 errors while downloading virtualenv from GitHub blob URLs – uses a https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ URL instead. (#2775)
 
 ### v2.23.3
 
@@ -272,7 +191,7 @@ _12 May 2024_
 _11 March 2024_
 
 - 🌟 Adds the ability to inherit configuration in TOML overrides. This makes certain configurations much simpler. If you're overriding an option like `before-build` or `environment`, and you just want to add an  extra command or environment variable, you can just append (or prepend) to the previous config. See [the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#inherit) for more information. (#1730)
-- 🌟 Adds official support for native `arm64` macOS GitHub runners. To use them, just specify `macos-14` as an `os` of your job in your workflow file. You can also keep `macos-13` in your build matrix to build `x86_64`. Check out the new [GitHub Actions example config](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/setup/#github-actions).
+- 🌟 Adds official support for native `arm64` macOS GitHub runners. To use them, just specify `macos-latest` as an `os` of your job in your workflow file. You can also keep `macos-15-intel` in your build matrix to build `x86_64`. Check out the new [GitHub Actions example config](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/setup/#github-actions).
 - ✨ You no longer need to specify `--platform` to run cibuildwheel locally! Instead it will detect your platform automatically. This was a safety feature, no longer necessary. (#1727)
 - 🛠 Removed setuptools and wheel pinned versions. This only affects old-style projects without a `pyproject.toml`, projects with `pyproject.toml` are already getting fresh versions of their `build-system.requires` installed into an isolated environment. (#1725)
 - 🛠 Improve how the GitHub Action passes arguments (#1757)
@@ -289,7 +208,7 @@ _11 March 2024_
 _30 January 2024_
 
 - 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with the GitHub Action and new GitHub Runner images for Windows that bundle Powershell 7.3+ (#1741)
-- 🛠 Preliminary support for new `macos-14` arm64 runners (#1743)
+- 🛠 Preliminary support for new `macos-latest` arm64 runners (#1743)
 
 ### v2.16.4
 

docs/ci-services.md

@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
----
-title: Configuring a CI service
----
-
-## Configuring a CI service
-
-cibuildwheel works on many popular CI services. Others may work, but it will depend on the software installed on the CI machine/image. See the [platforms page](platforms.md) for details.
-
-### GitHub Actions [linux/mac/windows] {: #github-actions}
-
-To build Linux, macOS, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/workflows/build_wheels.yml` file in your repo.
-
-!!! tab "Action"
-    For GitHub Actions, `cibuildwheel` provides an action you can use. This is
-    concise and enables easier auto updating via GitHub's Dependabot; see
-    [Automatic updates](faq.md#automatic-updates).
-
-    > .github/workflows/build_wheels.yml
-
-    ```yaml
-    {% include "../examples/github-minimal.yml" %}
-    ```
-
-    Use `env:` to pass [build options](options.md) and `with:` to set
-    `package-dir: .`, `output-dir: wheelhouse` and `config-file: ''`
-    locations (those values are the defaults).
-
-!!! tab "pipx"
-    The GitHub Actions runners have pipx installed, so you can easily build in
-    just one line. This is internally how the action works; the main benefit of
-    the action form is easy updates via GitHub's Dependabot.
-
-    > .github/workflows/build_wheels.yml
-
-    ```yaml
-    {% include "../examples/github-pipx.yml" %}
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "Generic"
-    This is the most generic form using setup-python and pip; it looks the most
-    like the other CI examples. If you want to avoid having setup that takes
-    advantage of GitHub Actions features or pipx being preinstalled, this might
-    appeal to you.
-
-    > .github/workflows/build_wheels.yml
-    {%
-       include-markdown "../README.md"
-       start="<!--generic-github-start-->"
-       end="<!--generic-github-end-->"
-    %}
-
-Commit this file, and push to GitHub - either to your default branch, or to a PR branch. The build should start automatically.
-
-For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://help.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions).
-
-[`examples/github-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/github-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example to include iOS and Pyodide builds, and a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
-
-
-### Azure Pipelines [linux/mac/windows] {: #azure-pipelines}
-
-To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on Azure Pipelines, create a `azure-pipelines.yml` file in your repo.
-
-> azure-pipelines.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Azure Pipelines, and push.
-
-Wheels will be stored for you and available through the Pipelines interface. For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/yaml-schema).
-
-### Travis CI [linux/windows] {: #travis-ci}
-
-To build Linux and Windows wheels on Travis CI, create a `.travis.yml` file in your repo.
-
-> .travis.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Travis CI, and push.
-
-Then setup a deployment method by following the [Travis CI deployment docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/deployment/), or see [Delivering to PyPI](deliver-to-pypi.md). For more info on `.travis.yml`, check out the [docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/).
-
-[`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example with a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
-
-### CircleCI [linux/mac] {: #circleci}
-
-To build Linux and Mac wheels on CircleCI, create a `.circleci/config.yml` file in your repo,
-
-> .circleci/config.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/circleci-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on CircleCI, and push.
-
-!!! note
-    CircleCI doesn't enable free macOS containers for open source by default, but you can ask for access. See [here](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/oss/#overview) for more information.
-
-CircleCI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the project console. Check out the CircleCI [docs](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/configuration-reference/#section=configuration) for more info on this config file.
-
-### Gitlab CI [linux] {: #gitlab-ci}
-
-To build Linux wheels on Gitlab CI, create a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file in your repo,
-
-> .gitlab-ci.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/gitlab-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, and push to Gitlab. The pipeline should start automatically.
-
-Gitlab will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the Pipelines view. Check out the Gitlab [docs](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/) for more info on this config file.
-
-### Cirrus CI [linux/mac/windows] {: #cirrus-ci}
-
-To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on Cirrus CI, create a `.cirrus.yml` file in your repo,
-
-> .cirrus.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/cirrus-ci-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Cirrus CI, and push.
-
-Cirrus CI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the individual task view. Check out the Cirrus CI [docs](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/) for more info on this config file.
-
-> ⚠️ Got an error? Check the [FAQ](faq.md).
-
-### Other CI services
-
-#### AppVeyor {: #appveyor}
-
-Appveyor official support was dropped in cibuildwheel v3.0, due to a lack of CI credits. However, it can probably still be used as-is. Check the Appveyor example from the cibuildwheel v2.0 branch: [appveyor-minimal.yml](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/v2.23.3/examples/appveyor-minimal.yml).
-
-## Next steps
-
-Once you've got the wheel building successfully, you might want to set up [testing](options.md#test-command) or [automatic releases to PyPI](deliver-to-pypi.md#automatic-method).
-
-<script>
-  document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
-    $('.toctree-l2>a, .rst-content h3').each(function(i, el) {
-      var text = $(el).text()
-      var match = text.match(/(.*) \[([a-z/]+)\]/);
-
-      if (match) {
-        var iconHTML = $.map(match[2].split('/'), function(ident) {
-          switch (ident) {
-            case 'linux':
-              return '<i class="fa fa-linux" aria-hidden="true"></i>'
-            case 'windows':
-              return '<i class="fa fa-windows" aria-hidden="true"></i>'
-            case 'mac':
-              return '<i class="fa fa-apple" aria-hidden="true"></i>'
-          }
-        }).join(' ');
-
-        $(el).append(
-          $('<div>')
-            .append(iconHTML)
-            .css({float: 'right'})
-        )
-        $(el).contents()
-          .filter(function(){ return this.nodeType == 3; }).first()
-          .replaceWith(match[1]);
-      }
-    });
-  });
-</script>

docs/configuration.md

@@ -1,227 +0,0 @@
-# Configuration methods
-
-cibuildwheel can either be configured using environment variables, or from
-config file such as `pyproject.toml`.
-
-This page describes how to set options. For a full list of available options, see the [options reference](options.md).
-
-## Environment variables {: #environment-variables}
-
-Environment variables can be set in your CI config. For example, to configure
-cibuildwheel to run tests, add the following YAML to your CI config file:
-
-!!! tab "GitHub Actions"
-
-    > .github/workflows/*.yml ([docs](https://help.github.com/en/actions/configuring-and-managing-workflows/using-environment-variables)) (can be global, in job, or in step)
-
-    ```yaml
-    env:
-      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
-      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "Azure Pipelines"
-
-    > azure-pipelines.yml ([docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/process/variables))
-
-    ```yaml
-    variables:
-      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
-      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "Travis CI"
-
-    > .travis.yml ([docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/environment-variables/))
-
-    ```yaml
-    env:
-      global:
-        - CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES=pytest
-        - CIBW_TEST_COMMAND="pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "CircleCI"
-
-    > .circleci/config.yml ([docs](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/configuration-reference/#environment))
-
-    ```yaml
-    jobs:
-      job_name:
-        environment:
-          CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
-          CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "Gitlab CI"
-
-    > .gitlab-ci.yml ([docs](https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/yaml/#variables))
-
-    ```yaml
-    linux:
-      variables:
-        CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
-        CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "Cirrus CI"
-
-    > .cirrus.yml ([docs](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/#environment-variables))
-
-    ```yaml
-    env:
-      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
-      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
-## Configuration file {: #configuration-file}
-
-You can configure cibuildwheel with a config file, such as `pyproject.toml`.
-Options have the same names as the environment variable overrides, but are
-placed in `[tool.cibuildwheel]` and are lower case, with dashes, following
-common [TOML][https://toml.io] practice. Anything placed in subsections `linux`, `windows`,
-`macos`, or `pyodide` will only affect those platforms. Lists can be used
-instead of strings for items that are naturally a list. Multiline strings also
-work just like in the environment variables. Environment variables will take
-precedence if defined.
-
-The example above using environment variables could have been written like this:
-
-```toml
-[tool.cibuildwheel]
-test-requires = "pytest"
-test-command = "pytest ./tests"
-```
-
-The complete set of defaults for the current version of cibuildwheel are shown below:
-
-```toml
-{% include "../cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml" %}
-```
-
-
-!!! tip
-    Static configuration works across all CI systems, and can be used locally if
-    you run `cibuildwheel --platform linux`. This is preferred, but environment
-    variables are better if you need to change per-matrix element
-    (`CIBW_BUILD` is often in this category, for example), or if you cannot or do
-    not want to change a `pyproject.toml` file. You can specify a different file to
-    use with `--config-file` on the command line, as well.
-
-## Configuration overrides {: #overrides }
-
-One feature specific to the configuration files is the ability to override
-settings based on selectors. To use, add a ``tool.cibuildwheel.overrides``
-array, and specify a ``select`` string. Then any options you set will only
-apply to items that match that selector. These are applied in order, with later
-matches overriding earlier ones if multiple selectors match. Environment
-variables always override static configuration.
-
-A few of the options below have special handling in overrides. A different
-`before-all` will trigger a new container to launch on Linux, and cannot be
-overridden on macOS or Windows.  Overriding the image on linux will also
-trigger new containers, one per image. Some commands are not supported;
-`output-dir`, build/skip/test_skip selectors, and architectures cannot be
-overridden.
-
-You can specify a table of overrides in `inherit={}`, any list or table in this
-list will inherit from previous overrides or the main configuration. The valid
-options are `"none"` (the default), `"append"`, and `"prepend"`.
-
-#### Examples:
-
-```toml
-[tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
-before-all = "yum install mylib"
-test-command = "echo 'installed'"
-
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "*-musllinux*"
-before-all = "apk add mylib"
-```
-
-This example will override the before-all command on musllinux only, but will
-still run the test-command. Note the double brackets, this is an array in TOML,
-which means it can be given multiple times.
-
-```toml
-[tool.cibuildwheel]
-# Normal options, etc.
-manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_34"
-
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "cp38-*"
-manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
-
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "cp3{9,10}-*"
-manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
-```
-
-This example will build CPython 3.8 wheels on manylinux2014, CPython 3.9-3.10
-wheels on manylinux_2_28, and manylinux_2_34 wheels for any newer Python
-(like 3.10).
-
-```toml
-[tool.cibuildwheel]
-environment = {FOO="BAR", "HAM"="EGGS"}
-test-command = ["pyproject"]
-
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "cp311*"
-
-inherit.test-command = "prepend"
-test-command = ["pyproject-before"]
-
-inherit.environment="append"
-environment = {FOO="BAZ", "PYTHON"="MONTY"}
-
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "cp311*"
-inherit.test-command = "append"
-test-command = ["pyproject-after"]
-```
-
-This example will provide the command `"pyproject-before && pyproject && pyproject-after"`
-on Python 3.11, and will have `environment = {FOO="BAZ", "PYTHON"="MONTY", "HAM"="EGGS"}`.
-
-
-## Extending existing options {: #inherit }
-
-In the TOML configuration, you can choose how tables and lists are inherited.
-By default, all values are overridden completely (`"none"`) but sometimes you'd
-rather `"append"` or `"prepend"` to an existing list or table. You can do this
-with the `inherit` table in overrides.  For example, if you want to add an environment
-variable for CPython 3.11, without `inherit` you'd have to repeat all the
-original environment variables in the override. With `inherit`, it's just:
-
-```toml
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "cp311*"
-inherit.environment = "append"
-environment.NEWVAR = "Added!"
-```
-
-For a table, `"append"` will replace a key if it exists, while `"prepend"` will
-only add a new key, older keys take precedence.
-
-Lists are also supported (and keep in mind that commands are lists). For
-example, you can print a message before and after a wheel is repaired:
-
-```toml
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "*"
-inherit.repair-wheel-command = "prepend"
-repair-wheel-command = "echo 'Before repair'"
-
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "*"
-inherit.repair-wheel-command = "append"
-repair-wheel-command = "echo 'After repair'"
-```
-
-As seen in this example, you can have multiple overrides match - they match top
-to bottom, with the config being accumulated. If you need platform-specific
-inheritance, you can use `select = "*-????linux_*"` for Linux, `select =
-"*-win_*"` for Windows, and `select = "*-macosx_*"` for macOS. As always,
-environment variables will completely override any TOML configuration.

docs/contributing.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Everyone contributing to the cibuildwheel project is expected to follow the [PSF
 
 - `cibuildwheel` should wrap the complexity of wheel building.
 - The user interface to `cibuildwheel` is the build script (e.g. `.travis.yml`). Feature additions should not increase the complexity of this script.
-- Options should be environment variables (these lend themselves better to YAML config files). They should be prefixed with `CIBW_`.
+- Options should be environment variables (these lend themselves better to YML config files). They should be prefixed with `CIBW_`.
 - Options should be generalised to all platforms. If platform-specific options are required, they should be namespaced e.g. `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_MACOS`
 
 Other notes:
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ So, if we can, I'd like to improve the experience on errors as well. In [this](h
 
 ### Running the tests
 
-When making a change to the codebase, you can run tests locally for quicker feedback than the CI runs on a PR. You can run them directly, but the easiest way to run tests is using [nox](https://nox.thea.codes/).
+When making a change to the codebase, you can run tests locally for quicker feedback than the CI runs on a PR. You can [run them directly](#making-a-venv), but the easiest way to run tests is using [nox](https://nox.thea.codes/).
 
 You can run all the tests locally by doing:
 
@@ -78,12 +78,10 @@ nox -s tests -- test -k before_build
 
 A few notes-
 
-- Because they run inside a container, Linux tests can run on all platforms where Docker is installed, so they're convenient for running integration tests locally. Set the `--platform` flag on pytest to do this: `nox -s tests -- test --platform linux`.
+- Because they run inside a container, Linux tests can run on all platforms where Docker is installed, so they're convenient for running integration tests locally. Set CIBW_PLATFORM to do this: `CIBW_PLATFORM=linux nox -s tests -- test`.
 
 - Running the macOS integration tests requires _system installs_ of Python from python.org for all the versions that are tested. We won't attempt to install these when running locally, but you can do so manually using the URL in the error message that is printed when the install is not found.
 
-- The ['enable groups'](options.md#enable) run by default are just 'cpython-prerelease' and 'cpython-freethreading'. You can add other groups like pypy or graalpy by passing the `--enable` argument to pytest, i.e. `nox -s tests -- test --enable pypy`. On GitHub PRs, you can add a label to the PR to enable these groups.
-
 #### Running pytest directly
 
 More advanced users might prefer to invoke pytest directly. Set up a [dev environment](#setting-up-a-dev-environment), then,

docs/cpp_standards.md

@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ title: Modern C++ standards
 Building Python wheels with modern C++ standards (C++11 and later) requires a few tricks.
 
 
-## manylinux2014 and C++20
+## manylinux1 and C++14
+The past end-of-life `manylinux1` image (based on CentOS 5) contains a version of GCC and libstdc++ that only supports C++11 and earlier standards. There are however ways to compile wheels with the C++14 standard (and later): https://github.com/pypa/manylinux/issues/118
 
-The past end-of-life `manylinux2014` image (based on CentOS 7) contains a version of GCC and libstdc++ that only supports C++17 and earlier standards.
-
-`manylinux_2_28` are newer and support all C++ standards (up to C++20).
+`manylinux2010` and `manylinux2014` are newer and support all C++ standards (up to C++17).
 
 ## macOS and deployment target versions
 
-The [`MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` environment variable](platforms.md#macos-version-compatibility) is used to set the minimum deployment target for macOS.
+OS X/macOS allows you to specify a so-called "deployment target" version that will ensure backwards compatibility with older versions of macOS. One way to do this is by setting the `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` environment variable.
 
 However, to enable modern C++ standards, the deployment target needs to be set high enough (since older OS X/macOS versions did not have the necessary modern C++ standard library).
 
+
 To get C++17 support, Xcode 9.3+ is needed, requiring at least macOS 10.13 on the build machine. To use C++17 library features and link against the C++ runtime library, set `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` to `"10.13"` or `"10.14"` (or higher) - macOS 10.13 offers partial C++17 support (e.g., the filesystem header is in experimental, offering `#include <experimental/filesystem>` instead of `#include <filesystem>`); macOS 10.14 has full C++17 support. CPython 3.12+ require 10.13+ anyway.
 
 However, if only C++17 compiler and standard template library (STL) features are used (not needing a C++17 runtime) it might be possible to set `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` to a lower value, such as `"10.9"`. To find out if this is the case, try compiling and running with a lower `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET`: if C++17 features are used that require a more recent deployment target, building the wheel should fail.

docs/data/projects.schema.json

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
           "enum": [
             "github",
             "travisci",
+            "appveyor",
             "circleci",
             "gitlab",
             "cirrusci",

docs/data/projects.yml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # stars: GitHub repo (optional, if different from package, such as for Twisted)
 # pypi: The pypi name, if different from the GitHub package name
 # os: Operating system list, [windows, apple, linux] (optional)
-# ci: [github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci, cirrusci] (optional)
+# ci: [appveyor, github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci, cirrusci] (optional)
 # notes: (text, optional)
 
 - name: abess
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
   ci: [github]
   os: [windows, apple, linux]
 
-- name: pyinstrument
-  gh: joerick/pyinstrument
-  ci: [github]
+- name: pyinstrument_cext
+  gh: joerick/pyinstrument_cext
+  ci: [travisci, appveyor]
   os: [windows, apple, linux]
-  notes: Python profiler with a C extension. No external dependencies.
+  notes: A simple C extension, without external dependencies
 
 - name: websockets
   gh: python-websockets/websockets
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
 
 - name: python-rapidjson
   gh: python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
-  ci: [travisci, gitlab]
+  ci: [travisci, gitlab, appveyor]
   os: [windows, linux]
 
 - name: jq.py

docs/data/readme_icons/appveyor.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>AppVeyor icon</title><path d="M 12,0 C 18.6,0 24,5.4 24,12 24,18.6 18.6,24 12,24 5.4,24 0,18.6 0,12 0,5.4 5.4,0 12,0 Z m 2.94,14.34 C 16.26,12.66 16.08,10.26 14.4,9 12.78,7.74 10.38,8.04 9,9.72 7.68,11.4 7.86,13.8 9.54,15.06 c 1.68,1.26 4.08,0.96 5.4,-0.72 z m -6.42,7.8 c 0.72,0.3 2.28,0.6 3.06,0.6 l 5.22,-7.56 c 1.68,-2.52 1.26,-5.94 -1.08,-7.8 -2.1,-1.68 -5.04,-1.62 -7.14,0 l -7.26,5.58 c 0.18,1.92 0.72,2.88 0.72,2.94 l 4.14,-4.5 c -0.3,1.98 0.42,4.02 2.1,5.28 1.44,1.14 3.18,1.44 4.86,1.08 z"/></svg>

docs/deliver-to-pypi.md

@@ -6,23 +6,42 @@ title: Delivering to PyPI
 
 After you've built your wheels, you'll probably want to deliver them to PyPI.
 
+## Manual method
+
+On your development machine, install [pipx](https://pypa.github.io/pipx/) and do the following:
+
+```bash
+# Either download the SDist from your CI, or make it:
+# Clear out your 'dist' folder.
+rm -rf dist
+# Make a source distribution
+pipx run build --sdist
+
+# 🏃🏻
+# Go and download your wheel files from wherever you put them. e.g. your CI
+# provider can be configured to store them for you. Put them all into the
+# 'dist' folder.
+
+# Upload using 'twine'
+pipx run twine upload dist/*
+```
+
 ## Automatic method
 
 If you don't need much control over the release of a package, you can set up
-your CI provider to deliver the wheels straight to PyPI. You just need to bump the
+cibuildwheel to deliver the wheels straight to PyPI. You just need to bump the
 version and tag it.
 
-The exact way to set it up varies, depending on which CI provider you're using. But generally, the process goes like this:
+### Generic instructions
 
-- Build your wheels with cibuildwheel
-- Build an sdist with the [build](https://github.com/pypa/build) tool
-- Check that the current CI run is happening during a release (e.g. it's in response to a vXX tag)
-- Collect these assets together onto one runner
-- Upload them to PyPI using `twine upload <paths>`
+Make your SDist with the [build](https://github.com/pypa/build) tool, and your wheels with cibuildwheel. If you can make the files available as
+downloadable artifacts, this make testing before releases easier (depending on your CI provider's options). The "publish" job/step should collect the
+files, and then run `twine upload <paths>` (possibly via [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx)); this should only happen on tags or "releases".
 
 ### GitHub Actions
 
-GitHub actions has pipx in all the runners as a supported package manager, as well as `pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish`, which can be used instead of twine. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuildwheel to make wheels, you will probably want to build an sdist:
+GitHub actions has pipx in all the runners as a supported package manager, as
+well as several useful actions. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuildwheel to make wheels, you will probably want to build an SDist:
 
 ```yaml
   make_sdist:
@@ -45,6 +64,8 @@ GitHub actions has pipx in all the runners as a supported package manager, as we
 
 Then, you need to publish the artifacts that the previous jobs have built. This final job should run only on release or tag, depending on your preference. It gathers the artifacts from the sdist and wheel jobs and uploads them to PyPI. The release environment (`pypi` in the example below) will be created the first time this workflow runs.
 
+This requires setting this GitHub workflow in your project's PyPI settings (for a [new project](https://docs.pypi.org/trusted-publishers/creating-a-project-through-oidc)/[existing project](https://docs.pypi.org/trusted-publishers/adding-a-publisher)).
+
 ```yaml
   upload_all:
     needs: [build_wheels, make_sdist]
@@ -63,11 +84,13 @@ Then, you need to publish the artifacts that the previous jobs have built. This
     - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
 ```
 
-The above example uses PyPI Trusted Publishing to deliver the wheels, which requires some configuration on the PyPI side for a [new project](https://docs.pypi.org/trusted-publishers/creating-a-project-through-oidc) or an [existing project](https://docs.pypi.org/trusted-publishers/adding-a-publisher). You can use Dependabot to keep the publish action up to date.
+You should use Dependabot to keep the publish action up to date. In the above
+example, the same name (the default, "artifact" is used for all upload-artifact
+runs, so we can just download all of them in one step into a common directory.
 
 See
 [`examples/github-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/github-deploy.yml)
-for an example configuration that automatically uploads wheels to PyPI. Also see
+for an example configuration that automatically upload wheels to PyPI. Also see
 [scikit-hep.org/developer/gha_wheels](https://scikit-hep.org/developer/gha_wheels)
 for a complete guide.
 
@@ -76,23 +99,3 @@ for a complete guide.
 See
 [`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml)
 for an example configuration.
-
-## Manual method
-
-On your development machine, install [pipx](https://pipx.pypa.io/) and do the following:
-
-```bash
-# Either download the SDist from your CI, or make it:
-# Clear out your 'dist' folder.
-rm -rf dist
-# Make a source distribution
-pipx run build --sdist
-
-# 🏃🏻
-# Go and download your wheel files from wherever you put them. e.g. your CI
-# provider can be configured to store them for you. Put them all into the
-# 'dist' folder.
-
-# Upload using 'twine'
-pipx run twine upload dist/*
-```

docs/extra.css

@@ -45,42 +45,6 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
     border-bottom: 1px solid  #e1e4e5;
     margin-bottom: 0.8em;
     padding-bottom: 0.2em;
-    scroll-margin: 1.5em 0;
-}
-
-/* make it so tables can overflow the content area, make the most of the content area */
-.wy-nav-content-wrap {
-  container-type: inline-size;
-}
-.wy-table-responsive {
-  overflow-x: auto;
-  overflow-y: hidden;
-  position: relative;
-  left: -3.236em;
-  max-width: calc(100cqw);
-  width: fit-content;
-  min-width: calc(100% + 3.236em + 3.236em);
-}
-.rst-content .section .wy-table-responsive .docutils {
-  padding-left: 3.236em;
-  padding-right: 3.236em;
-}
-.rst-content .section .wy-table-responsive .docutils thead,
-.rst-content .section .wy-table-responsive .docutils tbody {
-  background-color: white;
-}
-@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
-  .wy-table-responsive {
-    left: -1em;
-  }
-  .rst-content .section .wy-table-responsive .docutils {
-    padding-left: 1em;
-    padding-right: 1em;
-  }
-}
-
-.wy-nav-content {
-  max-width: 900px;
 }
 
 .rst-content blockquote {
@@ -305,13 +269,62 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
 }
 
 
-/* hide the l1 buttons */
-.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l1.current>a button.toctree-expand,
-.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l1.on>a button.toctree-expand,
-.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l1>a button.toctree-expand {
+/* expand all the toctree entries */
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l1.current .toctree-l2>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l2.current .toctree-l3>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l3.current .toctree-l4>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l4.current .toctree-l5>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l5.current .toctree-l6>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l6.current .toctree-l7>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l7.current .toctree-l8>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l8.current .toctree-l9>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l9.current .toctree-l10>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l10.current .toctree-l11>ul {
+  display: block;
+}
+
+/* hide all the buttons */
+.wy-menu-vertical li.current>a button.toctree-expand,
+.wy-menu-vertical li.on a button.toctree-expand,
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2 button.toctree-expand,
+.wy-menu-vertical li a button.toctree-expand {
   display: none;
 }
 
+/* toctree layout improvements */
+.wy-menu-vertical a {
+  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.current>a,
+.wy-menu-vertical li.on a {
+  font-weight: normal;
+  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
+  /* border-right: 1px solid #f0f0f0; */
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.current a {
+  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l3 a,
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current li.toctree-l3>a {
+  padding-left: 1.8em;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current>a {
+  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current>a,
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current li.toctree-l3>a {
+  background: transparent;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current>a:hover,
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current li.toctree-l3>a:hover {
+  background: #d6d6d6;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.current>a.current {
+  background: #fafafa !important;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.current a {
+
+}
 
 /* word wrap in table cells */
 .wy-table-responsive table td, .wy-table-responsive table th {

docs/extra.js

@@ -58,54 +58,3 @@ while (true) {
   // this will catch infinite loops which can occur when editing the above
   if (tabConversionIterations++ > 1000) throw 'too many iterations'
 }
-
-/**
- * Redirects the current page based on the path and fragment identifier (hash) in the URL.
- *
- * Example usage:
- * fragmentRedirect([
- *  { source: 'setup/#github-actions', destination: 'ci-services' }
- *  { source: 'faq/#macosx', destination: 'platforms#apple' }
- * ])
- */
-function fragmentRedirect(redirects) {
-  const href = window.location.href;
-  const hash = window.location.hash;
-
-  for (const redirect of redirects) {
-    const source = redirect.source;
-    const destination = redirect.destination;
-
-    if (endswith(href, source)) {
-      // Redirect to the destination path, with the same fragment identifier
-      // specified in the destination path, otherwise, keep the same hash
-      // from the current URL.
-      const destinationIncludesHash = destination.includes('#');
-      let newUrl = href.replace(source, destination);
-      if (!destinationIncludesHash) {
-        newUrl += hash;
-      }
-      console.log('Redirecting to:', newUrl);
-      window.location.replace(newUrl);
-      return
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-function endswith(str, suffix) {
-  return str.indexOf(suffix, str.length - suffix.length) !== -1;
-}
-
-fragmentRedirect([
-  { source: 'setup/#github-actions', destination: 'ci-services/' },
-  { source: 'setup/#azure-pipelines', destination: 'ci-services/' },
-  { source: 'setup/#travis-ci', destination: 'ci-services/' },
-  { source: 'setup/#appveyor', destination: 'ci-services/' },
-  { source: 'setup/#circleci', destination: 'ci-services/' },
-  { source: 'setup/#gitlab-ci', destination: 'ci-services/' },
-  { source: 'setup/#cirrus-ci', destination: 'ci-services/' },
-
-  { source: 'faq/#linux-builds-in-containers', destination: 'platforms/#linux-containers' },
-  { source: 'faq/#apple-silicon', destination: 'platforms/#macos-architectures' },
-  { source: 'faq/#windows-arm64', destination: 'platforms/#windows-arm64' },
-]);