Upgrade to macos-13 for the intel runners

Typo
fix error message asserts
2024-02-04 11:14:18 +00:00 · 2024-02-04 11:12:29 +00:00 · 2024-02-02 18:19:10 +00:00 · 2024-02-02 17:01:22 +00:00 · 2024-02-02 16:53:10 +00:00 · 2024-02-02 12:28:40 +00:00
187 changed files with 5593 additions and 13654 deletions
@@ -1,43 +1,25 @@
-version: 2.1
-
-commands:
-  cibw_prepare_environment:
-    description: "Prepare the environment for testing."
-    steps:
-      - run:
-          name: Prepare the environment.
-          command: bash .circleci/prepare.sh
-  cibw_run_tests:
-    description: "Runs tests, with CIBW_ENABLE=all on the main branch"
-    steps:
-      - run:
-          name: Test
-          command: |
-            if [ "${CIRCLE_BRANCH}" == "main" ]; then
-              echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-              export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-            else
-              echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch test run."
-            fi
-
-            venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
-          no_output_timeout: 30m
+version: 2

 jobs:
-  osx-python312:
+  osx-python3.9:
    macos:
-      xcode: 15.4.0
-    resource_class: macos.m1.medium.gen1
+      xcode: 12.5.1
    environment:
      PYTHON: python3
    steps:
      - checkout
-      - cibw_prepare_environment
-      - cibw_run_tests

-  linux-python312:
+      - run:
+          name: Prepare the environment.
+          command: bash .circleci/prepare.sh
+      - run:
+          name: Test.
+          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
+          no_output_timeout: 30m
+
+  linux-python3.9:
    docker:
-      - image: cimg/python:3.12
+      - image: circleci/python:3.9
    environment:
      PYTHON: python3
      # Temporarily restrict the tests that are run on CircleCI to prevent
@@ -46,12 +28,18 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - checkout
      - setup_remote_docker
-      - cibw_prepare_environment
-      - cibw_run_tests
+
+      - run:
+          name: Prepare the environment.
+          command: bash .circleci/prepare.sh
+      - run:
+          name: Test.
+          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
+          no_output_timeout: 30m

  linux-aarch64:
    machine:
-       image: default
+       image: ubuntu-2004:2022.04.1
    resource_class: arm.medium
    environment:
      PYTHON: python3
@@ -60,13 +48,19 @@ jobs:
      PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or main_tests or test_0_basic or test_docker_images"
    steps:
      - checkout
-      - cibw_prepare_environment
-      - cibw_run_tests
+
+      - run:
+          name: Prepare the environment.
+          command: bash .circleci/prepare.sh
+      - run:
+          name: Test.
+          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
+          no_output_timeout: 30m

 workflows:
  version: 2
  all-tests:
    jobs:
-      - osx-python312
-      - linux-python312
+      - osx-python3.9
+      - linux-python3.9
      - linux-aarch64
@@ -2,15 +2,9 @@
 set -o errexit
 set -o xtrace

-if [ "$(uname -s)" == "Darwin" ]; then
-  sudo softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license
-else
-  docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-fi
-
 $PYTHON --version
-$PYTHON -m venv venv
-venv/bin/python -m pip install -U pip dependency-groups
-venv/bin/python -m dependency_groups test | xargs venv/bin/python -m pip install -e.
+$PYTHON -m pip --version
+$PYTHON -m virtualenv -p "$PYTHON" venv
+venv/bin/python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
 venv/bin/python -m pip freeze
 venv/bin/python --version
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-only_if: changesInclude('.cirrus.yml') || ($CIRRUS_BRANCH == "main" && !changesIncludeOnly('docs/*', '.pre-commit-config.yaml')) || $CIRRUS_BRANCH =~ 'cirrus.*'
+only_if: changesInclude('.cirrus.yml') || ($BRANCH == "main" && !changesIncludeOnly('docs/*', '.pre-commit-config.yaml'))

 run_tests: &RUN_TESTS
  install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install dependency-groups
-    - python -m dependency_groups test | xargs python -m pip install -e.
+    - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
  run_cibuildwheel_tests_script:
    - python ./bin/run_tests.py

+
 linux_x86_task:
  timeout_in: 120m
  compute_engine_instance:
@@ -15,15 +15,9 @@ linux_x86_task:
    platform: linux
    cpu: 8
    memory: 8G
-  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
+
  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-    - add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
-    - apt-get update
-    - apt-get install -y python3.12-venv
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
+    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
  <<: *RUN_TESTS

 linux_aarch64_task:
@@ -34,15 +28,9 @@ linux_aarch64_task:
    platform: linux
    cpu: 4
    memory: 4G
-  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
+
  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-    - add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
-    - apt-get update
-    - apt-get install -y python3.12-venv
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
+    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
  <<: *RUN_TESTS

 windows_x86_task:
@@ -55,32 +43,32 @@ windows_x86_task:
    memory: 8G

  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.12.4
+    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.10.6
    - refreshenv
    - echo PATH=%PATH% >> "%CIRRUS_ENV%"
  <<: *RUN_TESTS

 macos_arm64_task:
  macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sequoia
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
+
  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
+    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - brew install python@3.12
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
+    - brew install python@3.10
+    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
  <<: *RUN_TESTS

 macos_arm64_cp38_task:
  macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sequoia
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
+
  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
-    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: --run-cp38-universal2 -k 'test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer or test_arch_auto or test_dummy_serial'
+    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
+    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: --run-cp38-universal2 -k 'test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer or test_arch_auto'
  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - brew install python@3.12
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
+    - brew install python@3.10
+    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
    - curl -fsSLO https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
    - sudo installer -pkg python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg -target /
    - rm python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{
+  "problemMatcher": [
+    {
+      "severity": "warning",
+      "pattern": [
+        {
+          "regexp": "^([^:]+):(\\d+):(\\d+): ([A-DF-Z]\\d+): \\033\\[[\\d;]+m([^\\033]+).*$",
+          "file": 1,
+          "line": 2,
+          "column": 3,
+          "code": 4,
+          "message": 5
+        }
+      ],
+      "owner": "pylint-warning"
+    },
+    {
+      "severity": "error",
+      "pattern": [
+        {
+          "regexp": "^([^:]+):(\\d+):(\\d+): (E\\d+): \\033\\[[\\d;]+m([^\\033]+).*$",
+          "file": 1,
+          "line": 2,
+          "column": 3,
+          "code": 4,
+          "message": 5
+        }
+      ],
+      "owner": "pylint-error"
+    }
+  ]
+}
@@ -13,30 +13,30 @@ jobs:
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4

-    - uses: hynek/build-and-inspect-python-package@v2
+    - name: Build SDist and wheel
+      run: pipx run build
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        name: cibw-sdist
+        path: dist/*
+
+    - name: Check metadata
+      run: pipx run twine check dist/*

  publish:
    needs: [dist]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
-    environment:
-      name: pypi
-      url: https://pypi.org/p/cibuildwheel
+    environment: pypi
    permissions:
      id-token: write
-      attestations: write

    steps:
    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
      with:
-        name: Packages
+        pattern: cibw-*
        path: dist
-
-    - name: Generate artifact attestation for sdist and wheel
-      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@db473fddc028af60658334401dc6fa3ffd8669fd # v2.3.0
-      with:
-        subject-path: "dist/cibuildwheel-*"
+        merge-multiple: true

    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
-      with:
-        attestations: true
@@ -4,13 +4,7 @@ on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main
-      - 2.x
  pull_request:
-    types:
-      - opened
-      - synchronize
-      - reopened
-      - labeled
    paths-ignore:
      - 'docs/**'
      - .pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -28,26 +22,27 @@ jobs:
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-      id: python
      with:
        python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1
+    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.0
+    - name: Check manifest
+      run: pipx run nox -s check_manifest
    - name: PyLint checks
-      run: pipx run --python "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
+      run: |
+        echo "::add-matcher::$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.github/matchers/pylint.json"
+        pipx run nox -s pylint

  test:
-    name: Test on ${{ matrix.os }} (${{ matrix.python_version }})
+    name: Test cibuildwheel on ${{ matrix.os }}
    needs: lint
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, windows-11-arm, macos-13, macos-15]
-        python_version: ['3.13']
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-14]
+        python_version: ['3.12']
        include:
-        - os: ubuntu-latest
-          python_version: '3.11'
-        - os: ubuntu-latest
-          python_version: '3.14'
+        - os: ubuntu-22.04
+          python_version: '3.8'
    timeout-minutes: 180
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -55,9 +50,17 @@ jobs:
      name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
      with:
        python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
-        allow-prereleases: true

-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    # Install podman on this CI instance for podman tests on linux
+    # Snippet from: https://github.com/redhat-actions/podman-login/blob/main/.github/workflows/example.yml
+    - name: Install latest podman
+      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+      run: |
+        . /etc/os-release
+        echo "deb https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_${VERSION_ID}/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
+        curl -sSfL "https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_${VERSION_ID}/Release.key" | sudo apt-key add -
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get -y install podman

    # free some space to prevent reaching GHA disk space limits
    - name: Clean docker images
@@ -66,38 +69,13 @@ jobs:
        docker system prune -a -f
        df -h

-    # for oci_container unit tests
-    - name: Set up QEMU
-      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
-        uv sync --no-dev --group test
-
-    - uses: joerick/pr-labels-action@v1.0.9
-    - name: Set CIBW_ENABLE
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        if [[ "${{ github.ref_name }}" == "main" ]]; then
-          CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          # get the default CIBW_ENABLE value from the test module
-          CIBW_ENABLE=$(uv run --no-sync python -c 'import sys, test.utils as c; sys.stdout.write(c.DEFAULT_CIBW_ENABLE)')
-
-          # if this is a PR, check for labels
-          if [[ -n "$GITHUB_PR_LABEL_CI_PYPY" ]]; then
-            CIBW_ENABLE+=" pypy"
-          fi
-          if [[ -n "$GITHUB_PR_LABEL_CI_GRAALPY" ]]; then
-            CIBW_ENABLE+=" graalpy"
-          fi
-        fi
-        echo "CIBW_ENABLE=${CIBW_ENABLE}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        python -m pip install ".[test]"

    - name: Generate a sample project
      run: |
-        uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
+        python -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj

    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
      uses: ./
@@ -106,40 +84,6 @@ jobs:
        output-dir: wheelhouse
      env:
        CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64
-        CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: 'build[uv]'
-
-    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action, only)
-      uses: ./
-      with:
-        package-dir: sample_proj
-        output-dir: wheelhouse_only
-        only: cp312-${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && (runner.arch == 'ARM64' && 'manylinux_aarch64' || 'manylinux_x86_64') || (runner.os == 'Windows' && 'win_amd64' || 'macosx_x86_64') }}
-
-    - name: Create custom configuration file
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        cat > sample_proj/cibw.toml <<EOF
-        [tool.cibuildwheel]
-        # Only build on CPython 3.12 on native arch
-        archs = ["native"]
-        build = "cp312-*"
-        # Skip musllinux
-        skip = "*-musllinux*"
-        EOF
-
-    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action, config-file)
-      uses: ./
-      with:
-        package-dir: sample_proj
-        output-dir: wheelhouse_config_file
-        config-file: sample_proj/cibw.toml
-
-    - name: Check Action artifacts
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        test $(find wheelhouse -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -ge 1
-        test $(find wheelhouse_only -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
-        test $(find wheelhouse_config_file -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1

    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
@@ -148,95 +92,28 @@ jobs:

    - name: Test cibuildwheel
      run: |
-        uv run --no-sync bin/run_tests.py ${{ (runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64') && '--run-podman' || '' }}
-
-  emulated-archs:
-    name: Get qemu emulated architectures
-    needs: lint
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    outputs:
-      archs: ${{ steps.archs.outputs.archs }}
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-      with:
-        python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
-    - name: Get qemu emulated architectures
-      id: archs
-      run: |
-        OUTPUT=$(uv run --no-sync python -c "from json import dumps; from test.utils import EMULATED_ARCHS; print(dumps(EMULATED_ARCHS))")
-        echo "${OUTPUT}"
-        echo "archs=${OUTPUT}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py --run-podman

  test-emulated:
-    name: Test Linux ${{ matrix.arch }} using qemu
-    needs: emulated-archs
+    name: Test emulated cibuildwheel using qemu
+    needs: lint
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 180
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        arch: ${{ fromJSON(needs.emulated-archs.outputs.archs) }}
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
      with:
        python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install ".[test]"

    - name: Set up QEMU
+      id: qemu
      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      with:
+        platforms: all

    - name: Run the emulation tests
-      run: uv run --no-sync pytest --run-emulation ${{ matrix.arch }} test/test_emulation.py
-
-  test-pyodide:
-    name: Test pyodide
-    needs: lint
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 180
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-      name: Install Python 3.12
-      with:
-        python-version: '3.12'
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
-
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
-
-    - name: Generate a sample project
      run: |
-        uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
-
-    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
-      uses: ./
-      with:
-        package-dir: sample_proj
-        output-dir: wheelhouse
-      env:
-        CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
-
-    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action) for an overridden Pyodide version
-      uses: ./
-      with:
-        package-dir: sample_proj
-        output-dir: wheelhouse
-        # In case this breaks at any point in time, switch to using the latest version
-        # available or any other version that is not the same as the default one set
-        # in cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml.
-      env:
-        CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
-        CIBW_BUILD: "cp312*"
-        CIBW_PYODIDE_VERSION: "0.27.6"
-
-    - name: Run tests with 'CIBW_PLATFORM' set to 'pyodide'
-      run: |
-        uv run --no-sync ./bin/run_tests.py
-      env:
-        CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
+        pytest --run-emulation test/test_emulation.py
@@ -18,21 +18,13 @@ jobs:
  update-dependencies:
    name: Update dependencies
    if: github.repository_owner == 'pypa' || github.event_name != 'schedule'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    steps:
-
-    # we use this step to grab a Github App auth token, so that PRs generated by this workflow
-    # run the GHA tests.
-    - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2
-      id: generate-token
-      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
-      with:
-        app-id: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_ID }}
-        private-key: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4

-    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2025.05.01
+    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2023.04.22
+      with:
+        python-versions: "3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12"

    - name: "Run update: dependencies"
      run: nox --force-color -s update_constraints
@@ -41,9 +33,18 @@ jobs:
    - name: "Run update: docs user projects"
      run: nox --force-color -s update_proj -- --auth=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

+    # we use this step to grab a Github App auth token, so that PRs generated by this workflow
+    # run the GHA tests.
+    - uses: tibdex/github-app-token@v2
+      id: generate-token
+      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
+      with:
+        app_id: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_ID }}
+        private_key: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+
    - name: Create Pull Request
      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
-      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v7
+      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v5
      with:
        commit-message: Update dependencies
        title: '[Bot] Update dependencies'
@@ -52,10 +53,7 @@ jobs:

          PR generated by "Update dependencies" [workflow](https://github.com/${{github.repository}}/actions/runs/${{github.run_id}}).
        branch: update-dependencies-pr
-        sign-commits: true
+        committer: "cibuildwheel-bot[bot] <83877280+cibuildwheel-bot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>"
+        author: "cibuildwheel-bot[bot] <83877280+cibuildwheel-bot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>"
        token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
        delete-branch: true
-        labels: |
-          CI: GraalPy
-          CI: PyPy
-          dependencies
@@ -84,7 +84,9 @@ celerybeat-schedule

 # virtualenv
 .venv
-venv*/
+venv/
+venv3/
+venv2/
 ENV/
 env/
 env2/
@@ -110,5 +112,8 @@ all_known_setup.yaml
 # mkdocs
 site/

+# Virtual environments
+venv*
+
 # PyCharm
 .idea/
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 linux:
-  image: python:3.12
+  image: python:3.8
  services:
    - name: docker:dind
      entrypoint: ["env", "-u", "DOCKER_HOST"]
@@ -13,15 +13,9 @@ linux:
    # skip all but the basic tests
    # (comment the below line in a PR to debug a Gitlab-specific issue)
    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
-  rules:
-    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
-      variables:
-        CIBW_ENABLE: "all"
  script:
    - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-    - python -m pip install dependency-groups
-    - python -m dependency_groups test | xargs python -m pip install -e. pytest-custom-exit-code
+    - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
    - python ./bin/run_tests.py

 windows:
@@ -29,29 +23,9 @@ windows:
  variables:
    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
  before_script:
-    - choco install python -y --version 3.12.4
-  rules:
-    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
-      variables:
-        CIBW_ENABLE: "all"
+    - choco install python -y --version 3.8.6
  script:
-    - py -m pip install dependency-groups
-    - py -m pip install -e. pytest-custom-exit-code $(py -m dependency_groups test)
+    - py -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
    - py bin\run_tests.py
  tags:
-    - saas-windows-medium-amd64
-
-macos:
-  image: macos-14-xcode-15
-  variables:
-    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
-  rules:
-    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
-      variables:
-        CIBW_ENABLE: "all"
-  script:
-    - python3 -m pip install dependency-groups
-    - python3 -m dependency_groups test | xargs python3 -m pip install -e. pytest-custom-exit-code
-    - python3 ./bin/run_tests.py
-  tags:
-    - saas-macos-medium-m1
+    - windows
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 repos:

 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v5.0.0
+  rev: v4.5.0
  hooks:
  - id: check-case-conflict
  - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -14,26 +14,30 @@ repos:
  - id: trailing-whitespace

 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.11.11
+  rev: v0.1.14
  hooks:
  - id: ruff
    args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
  - id: ruff-format

+- repo: https://github.com/asottile/setup-cfg-fmt
+  rev: v2.5.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: setup-cfg-fmt
+    args: [--include-version-classifiers, --min-py-version=3.8, --max-py-version=3.12]
+
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v1.15.0
+  rev: v1.8.0
  hooks:
  - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.11 on cibuildwheel/
-    args: ["--python-version=3.11"]
+    name: mypy 3.8 on cibuildwheel/
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py|bin/generate_schema.py$
+    args: ["--python-version=3.8"]
    additional_dependencies: &mypy-dependencies
      - bracex
-      - dependency-groups>=1.2
-      - nox>=2025.2.9
-      - orjson
+      - nox
      - packaging
      - pygithub
-      - pytest
      - rich
      - tomli
      - tomli_w
@@ -42,17 +46,15 @@ repos:
      - types-jinja2
      - types-pyyaml
      - types-requests
-      - types-setuptools
-      - uv
      - validate-pyproject
  - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.13
+    name: mypy 3.12
    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.13"]
+    args: ["--python-version=3.12"]
    additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies

 - repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
-  rev: v0.10.0.1
+  rev: v0.9.0.6
  hooks:
  - id: shellcheck

@@ -72,15 +74,15 @@ repos:
    files: ^docs/changelog.md$

 - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-  rev: v2.4.1
+  rev: v2.2.6
  hooks:
  - id: codespell
-    args: ["-w"]
+    args: ["-L", "sur", "-w"]
    exclude: ^docs/working-examples\.md$  # Autogenerated


 - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-  rev: 0.33.0
+  rev: 0.27.0
  hooks:
    - id: check-dependabot
    - id: check-github-actions
@@ -5,9 +5,14 @@ version: 2
 build:
  os: ubuntu-22.04
  tools:
-    python: "3.12"
-  commands:
-    - asdf plugin add uv
-    - asdf install uv latest
-    - asdf global uv latest
-    - NO_COLOR=1 uv run --no-dev --group docs mkdocs build --strict --site-dir $READTHEDOCS_OUTPUT/html
+    python: "3.11"
+
+python:
+  install:
+    - method: pip
+      path: .
+      extra_requirements:
+        - docs
+
+mkdocs:
+  configuration: mkdocs.yml
@@ -1,34 +1,28 @@
 os: linux
-dist: jammy
+dist: focal
 language: python

 branches:
  only:
  - main

-# only build the main branch or PR that explicitely want to test with Travis CI
-if: (type = "push") OR (commit_message =~ /travis-ci/)
-
 jobs:
  include:
-    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
+    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.9
+      python: 3.9
      services: docker
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        # a build using CIBW_ENABLE=all does not fit into Travis' time limit,
-        # so only the defaults are tested
+      env: PYTHON=python

-    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
+    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.9
+      python: 3.9
      services: docker
-      arch: arm64
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
+      arch: arm64-graviton2
+      group: edge
+      virt: vm
+      env: PYTHON=python

-    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
+    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.9
+      python: 3.9
      services: docker
      arch: ppc64le
      allow_failure: True
@@ -37,35 +31,24 @@ jobs:
        # skip test_manylinuxXXXX_only, it uses too much disk space
        # c.f. https://travis-ci.community/t/running-out-of-disk-space-quota-when-using-docker-on-ppc64le/11634
        - PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "not test_manylinuxXXXX_only"'
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all

-    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.12
+    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.9
      os: windows
      language: shell
      before_install:
-        # http://woshub.com/updating-trusted-root-certificates-in-windows-10
-        - certutil -generateSSTFromWU roots.sst
-        - powershell -Command 'Get-ChildItem -Path roots.sst | Import-Certificate -CertStoreLocation Cert:\LocalMachine\Root'
-        - rm -f roots.sst
-        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.12.8 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python312"
+        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.9.13 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python39"
      env:
-        - PYTHON=C:\\Python312\\python
-        # a build using CIBW_ENABLE=all does not fit into Travis' time limit,
-        # so only the defaults are tested
+        - PYTHON=C:\\Python39\\python

-    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
+    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.9
+      python: 3.9
      services: docker
      arch: s390x
-      allow_failure: True
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
+      env: PYTHON=python

 install:
- if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "linux" ]; then docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all; fi
- $PYTHON -m pip install -U pip dependency-groups
- $PYTHON -m dependency_groups test | xargs $PYTHON -m pip install -e.
+- $PYTHON -m pip install -U pip
+- $PYTHON -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code

 script: |
  # travis_wait disable the output while waiting
@@ -73,7 +56,5 @@ script: |
  (while true; do echo "travis_keep_alive"; sleep 300; done) &
  SPINNER_PID=$!
  disown
-  result=0
-  $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py --num-processes 2 || result=1
+  $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py
  kill -9 ${SPINNER_PID}
-  test ${result} -eq 0
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 This is a summary of the host Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:

-|         | 3.11                             | 3.12                                        | 3.13           |
-|---------|----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|----------------|
-| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ / Travis CI | GitHub Actions |
-| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  | CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹             | GitHub Actions |
-| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ / Travis CI             | GitHub Actions |
+|         | 3.8                                                    | 3.9                   | 3.10      | 3.12           |
+|---------|--------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|-----------|----------------|
+| Linux   | AppVeyor¹ / Azure Pipelines / GitLab¹ / GitHub Actions | CircleCI¹ / Travis CI | Cirrus CI | GitHub Actions |
+| macOS   | AppVeyor¹ / Azure Pipelines                            | CircleCI¹ / Travis CI | Cirrus CI | GitHub Actions |
+| Windows | AppVeyor¹ / Azure Pipelines / GitLab¹                  | Travis CI             | Cirrus CI | GitHub Actions |

 > ¹ Runs a reduced set of tests to reduce CI load

-Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.12.
+Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.9.
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 This project is licensed under the 'BSD 2-clause license'.

-Copyright (c) 2017-2025, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.
+Copyright (c) 2017-2023, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.

 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+recursive-include cibuildwheel *.cfg
+recursive-include cibuildwheel *.in
+recursive-include cibuildwheel *.py
+recursive-include cibuildwheel *.toml
+recursive-include cibuildwheel *.txt
+recursive-include cibuildwheel *.typed
@@ -2,72 +2,67 @@ cibuildwheel
 ============

 [![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/cibuildwheel.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cibuildwheel)
-[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/cibuildwheel/badge/?version=stable)](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/?badge=stable)
+[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/cibuildwheel/badge/?version=stable)](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/?badge=stable)
 [![Actions Status](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/workflows/Test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions)
-[![Travis Status](https://img.shields.io/travis/com/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=travis)](https://travis-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel)
+[![Travis Status](https://img.shields.io/travis/com/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=travis)](https://travis-ci.com/pypa/cibuildwheel)
+[![Appveyor status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/gt3vwl88yt0y3hur/branch/main?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/joerick/cibuildwheel/branch/main)
 [![CircleCI Status](https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=circleci)](https://circleci.com/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [![Azure Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/pypa.cibuildwheel?branchName=main)](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=4&branchName=main)


-[Documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io)
+[Documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.org)

 <!--intro-start-->

 Python wheels are great. Building them across **Mac, Linux, Windows**, on **multiple versions of Python**, is not.

-`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, CircleCI, and GitLab CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.
+`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, and GitLab CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.


 What does it do?
 ----------------

-While cibuildwheel itself requires a recent Python version to run (we support the last three releases), it can target the following versions to build wheels:
+|   | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x |
+|----------------|----|-----|-----|-----|-----|----|-----|----|-----|-----|
+| CPython 3.6    | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.7    | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.8    | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.9    | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.10   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.11   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.12  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| PyPy 3.7 v7.3  | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.8 v7.3  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.9 v7.3  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.10 v7.3 | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |

-|                    | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x | manylinux<br/>musllinux armv7l | iOS | Pyodide |
-|--------------------|----|-----|-----|-----|-----|----|-----|----|-----|-----|---|-----|-----|
-| CPython 3.8        | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A |
-| CPython 3.9        | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A |
-| CPython 3.10       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A |
-| CPython 3.11       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A |
-| CPython 3.12       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | N/A | ✅⁴ |
-| CPython 3.13³      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | ✅ | N/A |
-| CPython 3.14³      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | ✅ | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.8 v7.3      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.9 v7.3      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.10 v7.3     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.11 v7.3     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-| GraalPy 3.11 v24.2 | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | N/A  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
-
-<sup>¹ PyPy & GraalPy are only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
+<sup>¹ PyPy is only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
 <sup>² Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
-<sup>³ Free-threaded mode requires opt-in using [`CIBW_ENABLE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable).</sup><br>
-<sup>⁴ Experimental, not yet supported on PyPI, but can be used directly in web deployment. Use `--platform pyodide` to build.</sup><br>
-<sup>⁵ manylinux armv7l support is experimental. As there are no RHEL based image for this architecture, it's using an Ubuntu based image instead.</sup><br>

- Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+ (10.13+ for Python 3.12+), and Windows wheels for CPython, PyPy, and GraalPy
- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
+- Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+, and Windows wheels for CPython and PyPy
+- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
 - Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS through [auditwheel](https://github.com/pypa/auditwheel) and [delocate](https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
 - Runs your library's tests against the wheel-installed version of your library

-See the [cibuildwheel 1 documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/1.x/) if you need to build unsupported versions of Python, such as Python 2.
+See the [cibuildwheel 1 documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/1.x/) if you need to build unsupported versions of Python, such as Python 2.

 Usage
 -----

 `cibuildwheel` runs inside a CI service. Supported platforms depend on which service you're using:

-|                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM | macOS ARM | Windows ARM | iOS |
-|-----------------|-------|-------|---------|-----------|-----------|-------------|-----|
-| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       | ✅        | ✅        | ✅          | ✅³  |
-| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       |           | ✅        | ✅²         | ✅³  |
-| Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅        |           |             |     |
-| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅        | ✅        |             | ✅³  |
-| Gitlab CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅¹       | ✅        |             | ✅³  |
-| Cirrus CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅        | ✅        |             | ✅³  |
+|                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM | macOS ARM | Windows ARM |
+|-----------------|-------|-------|---------|-----------|-----------|-------------|
+| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       | ✅¹       | ✅        | ✅²         |
+| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       |           | ✅        | ✅²         |
+| Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅        |           |             |
+| AppVeyor        | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |           | ✅        | ✅²         |
+| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅        | ✅        |             |
+| Gitlab CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅¹       |           |             |
+| Cirrus CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅        | ✅        |             |

-<sup>¹ [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
-<sup>² [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup><br>
-<sup>³ Requires a macOS runner; runs tests on the simulator for the runner's architecture.</sup>
+<sup>¹ [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
+<sup>² [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup>

 <!--intro-end-->

@@ -76,7 +71,6 @@ Example setup

 To build manylinux, musllinux, macOS, and Windows wheels on GitHub Actions, you could use this `.github/workflows/wheels.yml`:

-<!--generic-github-start-->
 ```yaml
 name: Build

@@ -88,32 +82,30 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macOS-12, macOS-14]

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      # Used to host cibuildwheel
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3

      - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.0.0b3
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.5

      - name: Build wheels
        run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
        # to supply options, put them in 'env', like:
        # env:
        #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
-        #   ...

      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
-<!--generic-github-end-->

-For more information, including PyPI deployment, and the use of other CI services or the dedicated GitHub Action, check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io) and the [examples](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/tree/main/examples).
+For more information, including PyPI deployment, and the use of other CI services or the dedicated GitHub Action, check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.org) and the [examples](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/tree/main/examples).

 How it works
 ------------
@@ -122,37 +114,35 @@ The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platf

 ![](docs/data/how-it-works.png)

-<sup>Explore an interactive version of this diagram [in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/#how-it-works).</sup>
+<sup>Explore an interactive version of this diagram [in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#how-it-works).</sup>

 Options
 -------

 |   | Option | Description |
 |---|--------|-------------|
-| **Build selection** | [`CIBW_PLATFORM`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#platform)  | Override the auto-detected target platform |
-|   | [`CIBW_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)  <br> [`CIBW_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)  | Choose the Python versions to build |
-|   | [`CIBW_ARCHS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs)  | Change the architectures built on your machine by default. |
-|   | [`CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#requires-python)  | Manually set the Python compatibility of your project |
-|   | [`CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons)  | Enable building with pre-release versions of Python if available |
-| **Build customization** | [`CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend)  | Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now) or "build" |
-|   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#environment)  | Set environment variables needed during the build |
-|   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#environment-pass)  | Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build. |
-|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-all)  | Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built. |
-|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-build)  | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
-|   | [`CIBW_XBUILD_TOOLS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#xbuild-tools)  | Binaries on the path that should be included in an isolated cross-build environment. |
-|   | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command)  | Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel |
-|   | [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`<br/>`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)  | Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux Docker images |
-|   | [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine)  | Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels |
-|   | [`CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)  | Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses |
-| **Testing** | [`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-command)  | Execute a shell command to test each built wheel |
-|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_TEST`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-test)  | Execute a shell command before testing each wheel |
-|   | [`CIBW_TEST_SOURCES`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-sources)  | Files and folders from the source tree that are copied into an isolated tree before running the tests |
-|   | [`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires)  | Install Python dependencies before running the tests |
-|   | [`CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-extras)  | Install your wheel for testing using extras_require |
-|   | [`CIBW_TEST_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-skip)  | Skip running tests on some builds |
-| **Other** | [`CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-verbosity)  | Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel |
+| **Build selection** | [`CIBW_PLATFORM`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#platform)  | Override the auto-detected target platform |
+|   | [`CIBW_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)  <br> [`CIBW_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)  | Choose the Python versions to build |
+|   | [`CIBW_ARCHS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs)  | Change the architectures built on your machine by default. |
+|   | [`CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#requires-python)  | Manually set the Python compatibility of your project |
+|   | [`CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons)  | Enable building with pre-release versions of Python if available |
+| **Build customization** | [`CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend)  | Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now) or "build" |
+|   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#environment)  | Set environment variables needed during the build |
+|   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#environment-pass)  | Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build. |
+|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-all)  | Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built. |
+|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-build)  | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
+|   | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command)  | Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`<br/>`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)  | Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux Docker images |
+|   | [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine)  | Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels |
+|   | [`CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)  | Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses |
+| **Testing** | [`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-command)  | Execute a shell command to test each built wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_TEST`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-test)  | Execute a shell command before testing each wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires)  | Install Python dependencies before running the tests |
+|   | [`CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-extras)  | Install your wheel for testing using extras_require |
+|   | [`CIBW_TEST_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-skip)  | Skip running tests on some builds |
+| **Other** | [`CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-verbosity)  | Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel |

-These options can be specified in a pyproject.toml file, as well; see [configuration](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#configuration).
+These options can be specified in a pyproject.toml file, as well; see [configuration](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#configuration).

 Working examples
 ----------------
@@ -168,25 +158,26 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
-| [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
 | [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
-| [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
-| [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
+| [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
+| [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
+| [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an in-process SQL OLAP Database Management System |

 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
-[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
+[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
-[duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
-[NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
-[MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
+[NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
+[MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
+[duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb

+[appveyor icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/appveyor.svg
 [github icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/github.svg
 [azurepipelines icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/azurepipelines.svg
 [circleci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/circleci.svg
@@ -199,7 +190,7 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.

 <!-- END bin/projects.py -->

-> ℹ️ That's just a handful, there are many more! Check out the [Working Examples](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/working-examples) page in the docs.
+> ℹ️ That's just a handful, there are many more! Check out the [Working Examples](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/working-examples) page in the docs.

 Legal note
 ----------
@@ -217,57 +208,44 @@ Changelog

 <!-- this section was generated by bin/update_readme_changelog.py -- do not edit manually -->

-### v3.0.0
+### v2.16.5

-Not yet released, but available for testing.
+_30 January 2024_

-Note - when using a beta version, be sure to check the [latest docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/), rather than the stable version, which is still on v2.X.
+- 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with the GitHub Action and new GitHub Runner images for Windows that bundle Powershell 7.3+ (#1741)
+- 🛠 Preliminary support for new `macos-14` arm64 runners (#1743)

-If you've used previous versions of the beta:
- ⚠️ Previous betas of v3.0 changed the working directory for tests. This has been rolled back to the v2.x behaviour, so you might need to change configs if you adapted to the beta 1 or 2 behaviour. See [issue #2406](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2406) for more information.
- ⚠️ GraalPy shipped with the identifier `gp242-*` in previous betas, this has been changed to `gp311_242-*` to be consistent with other interpreters, and to fix a bug with GraalPy and project requires-python detection. If you were using GraalPy, you might need to update your config to use the new identifier.
+### v2.16.4

-#### v3.0.0b3
+_28 January 2024_

-_28 May 2025_
+- 🛠 Update manylinux pins to upgrade from a problematic PyPy version. (#1737)

- 🛠 Reverts the test working dir (when test-sources isn't set) to a temporary dir, rather than the project. (#2420)
- 📚 Docs now primarily use the pyproject.toml name of options, rather than the environment variable name. (#2389)
+### v2.16.3

-#### v3.0.0b2
+_26 January 2024_

-_25 May 2025_
+- 🐛 Fix a bug when building from sdist, where relative paths to files in the package didn't work because the working directory was wrong (#1687)
+- 🛠 Adds the ability to disable mounting the host filesystem in containers to `/host`, through the `disable_host_mount` suboption on [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine).
+- 📚 A lot of docs improvements! (#1708, #1705, #1686, #1679, #1667, #1665)

- ✨ Adds the [`CIBW_TEST_ENVIRONMENT`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#test-environment) option, which allows you to set environment variables for the test command. cibuildwheel now sets `PYTHONSAFEPATH=1` in test environments by default, to avoid picking up package imports from the local directory - we want to test the installed wheel, not the source tree! You can change that, or any other environment variable in the test environment using this option. (#2388)
- ✨ Improves support for Pyodide builds and adds the [`CIBW_PYODIDE_VERSION`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#pyodide-version) option, which allows you to specify the version of Pyodide to use for builds. (#2002)
+### v2.16.2

-#### v3.0.0b1
+_3 October 2023_

-_19 May 2025_
+- 🛠 Updates CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0, final release (#1635)
+- ✨ Adds a debug option [`CIBW_DEBUG_KEEP_CONTAINER`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#cibw_debug_keep_container) to stop cibuildwheel deleting build containers after the build finishes. (#1620)
+- 📚 Adds support for `[tool.cibuildwheel]` checking by adding a schema compatible with the [validate-pyproject](https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject/) tool (#1622, #1628, #1629)
+- 🐛 Fix parsing of `CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE` and `CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND` options to not break arguments on `:` characters (#1621)
+- 🐛 Fix the evaluation order of `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` and `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS` so that `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` assignments can reference environment variables passed through from the host machine. (#1617)
+- 🛠 Supports manylinux images' deferred installation of interpreters through the `manylinux-interpreters` tool (#1630)

- 🌟 Adds the ability to [build wheels for iOS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/platforms/#ios)! Set the [`platform` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#platform) to `ios` on a Mac with the iOS toolchain to try it out!
- 🌟 Adds support for the GraalPy interpreter! Enable for your project using the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#enable). (#1538)
- ✨ Adds CPython 3.14 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.14.0b1.
+### v2.16.1

-    _While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.14 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag._ (#2390)
- ✨ Adds the [test-sources option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#test-sources), and changes the working directory for tests.
+_26 September 2023_

-    - If this option is set, cibuildwheel will copy the files and folders specified in `test-sources` into a temporary directory, and run the tests from there. This is required for iOS builds, but also useful for other platforms, as it allows you to test the installed wheel without any chance of accidentally importing from the source tree.
-    - ~If this option is not set, cibuildwheel will run the tests in the source tree. This is a change from the previous behavior, where cibuildwheel would run the tests from a temporary directory. We're still investigating what's best here, so if you encounter any issues with this, please let us know in [issue #2406](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2406).~
-    - If this option is not set, behaviour matches v2.x - cibuildwheel will run the tests from a temporary directory, and you can use the `{project}` placeholder in the `test-command` to refer to the project directory.
-
- ✨ Added `dependency-versions` inline syntax (#2123)
- 🛠 EOL manylinux options can no longer be specified by their shortname. Full OCI URL can still be used for these images, if you wish (#2316)
- 🛠 Build environments no longer have setuptools and wheel preinstalled. (#2329)
- ⚠️ PyPy wheels no longer built by default, due to a change to our options system. To continue building PyPy wheels, you'll now need to set the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#enable) to `pypy` or `pypy-eol`.
- ⚠️ Dropped official support for Appveyor. If it was working for you before, it will probably continue to do so, but we can't be sure, because our CI doesn't run there anymore. (#2386)
- 📚 A reorganisation of the docs, and numerous updates (#2280)
-
-### v2.23.3
-
-_26 April 2025_
-
- 🛠 Dependency updates, including Python 3.13.3 (#2371)
+- 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0rc3 (#1625)
+- 🛠 Only calls `linux32` in containers when necessary (#1599)

 <!-- END bin/update_readme_changelog.py -->

@@ -275,14 +253,14 @@ _26 April 2025_

 That's the last few versions.

-ℹ️ **Want more changelog? Head over to [the changelog page in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/changelog/).**
+ℹ️ **Want more changelog? Head over to [the changelog page in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/changelog/).**

 ---

 Contributing
 ============

-For more info on how to contribute to cibuildwheel, see the [docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/contributing/).
+For more info on how to contribute to cibuildwheel, see the [docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/).

 Everyone interacting with the cibuildwheel project via codebase, issue tracker, chat rooms, or otherwise is expected to follow the [PSF Code of Conduct](https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).

@@ -317,4 +295,4 @@ See also

 Another very similar tool to consider is [matthew-brett/multibuild](http://github.com/matthew-brett/multibuild). `multibuild` is a shell script toolbox for building a wheel on various platforms. It is used as a basis to build some of the big data science tools, like SciPy.

-If you are building Rust wheels, you can get by without some of the tricks required to make GLIBC work via manylinux; this is especially relevant for cross-compiling, which is easy with Rust. See [maturin-action](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin-action) for a tool that is optimized for building Rust wheels and cross-compiling.
+If you are building Rust wheels, you can get by without some of the tricks required to make GLIBC work via manylinux; this is especially relevant for cross-compiling, which is easy with Rust. See [maturin-action](https://github.com/messense/maturin-action) for a tool that is optimized for building Rust wheels and cross-compiling.
@@ -24,68 +24,45 @@ branding:
 runs:
  using: composite
  steps:
+    # Set up a non-EOL, cibuildwheel & pipx supported Python version
    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
      id: python
      with:
-        python-version: "3.11 - 3.13"
+        python-version: "3.8 - 3.12"
        update-environment: false

-    - id: cibw
-      run: |
-        # Install cibuildwheel
-        "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" -u << "EOF"
-        import os
-        import shutil
-        import sys
-        import venv
-
-        from pathlib import Path
-        from subprocess import run
-
-
-        class EnvBuilder(venv.EnvBuilder):
-            def __init__(self):
-                super().__init__()
-
-            def setup_scripts(self, context):
-                pass
-
-            def post_setup(self, context):
-                super().post_setup(context)
-                self.bin_path = Path(context.env_exe).parent
-                run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "--python", context.env_exe, "install", r"${{ github.action_path }}"], check=True)
-
-
-        print("::group::Install cibuildwheel")
-        venv_path = Path(r"${{ runner.temp }}") / "cibw"
-        if venv_path.exists():
-            shutil.rmtree(venv_path)
-        builder = EnvBuilder()
-        builder.create(venv_path)
-        cibw_path = [path for path in builder.bin_path.glob("cibuildwheel*") if path.stem == "cibuildwheel"][0]
-        with open(os.environ["GITHUB_OUTPUT"], "at") as f:
-            f.write(f"cibw-path={cibw_path}\n")
-        print("::endgroup::")
-        EOF
+    # macos-14 (M1) may be missing pipx (due to it not having CPython)
+    - run: |
+        "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" -m pip install pipx
      shell: bash

    # Redirecting stderr to stdout to fix interleaving issue in Actions.
    - run: >
-        "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-path }}"
+        "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" -m pipx run
+        --spec '${{ github.action_path }}'
+        cibuildwheel
        "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
-        ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
+        --output-dir "${{ inputs.output-dir }}"
+        --config-file "${{ inputs.config-file }}"
+        --only "${{ inputs.only }}"
        2>&1
      shell: bash
      if: runner.os != 'Windows'

    # Windows needs powershell to interact nicely with Meson
+    # $PSNativeCommandArgumentPassing was introduced in pwsh 7.3 and the
+    # legacy behaviour is needed for backwards compatibility with how this
+    # was called in the past.
    - run: >
-        & "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-path }}"
+        if ($PSNativeCommandArgumentPassing) {
+            $PSNativeCommandArgumentPassing = 'Legacy'
+        };
+        & "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" -m pipx run
+        --spec "${{ github.action_path }}"
+        cibuildwheel
        "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
-        ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
+        --output-dir '"${{ inputs.output-dir }}"'
+        --config-file '"${{ inputs.config-file }}"'
+        --only '"${{ inputs.only }}"'
      shell: pwsh
      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Ubuntu
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python38-x64-ubuntu"
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python38-x64-vs2015"
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: macos
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python38-x64-macos"
+
+stack: python 3.8
+
+build: off
+
+init:
+- cmd: set PATH=C:\Python38;C:\Python38\Scripts;%PATH%
+- ps: |
+      $BRANCH = if ($env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_HEAD_REPO_BRANCH) { $env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_HEAD_REPO_BRANCH } else { $env:APPVEYOR_REPO_BRANCH }
+      if (-not ($BRANCH -eq 'main' -or $BRANCH.ToLower().StartsWith('appveyor-'))) {
+        $env:PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code'
+      }
+      python -m pip install -U pip
+
+install: python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
+
+# the '-u' flag is required so the output is in the correct order.
+# See https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/24 for more info.
+test_script: python -u ./bin/run_tests.py
+
+branches:
+  only:
+    - main
+
+skip_commits:
+  files:
+    - docs/*
@@ -5,57 +5,34 @@ pr:
      - .pre-commit-config.yaml

 jobs:
- job: linux_311
-  timeoutInMinutes: 180
-  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-22.04'}
-  steps:
-    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
-      inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.11'
-    - bash: |
-        docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-        python -m pip install dependency-groups
-        python -m dependency_groups test | xargs python -m pip install -e.
-        if [ "$(Build.SourceBranch)" = "refs/heads/main" ]; then
-          echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-          export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch ($(Build.SourceBranch))."
-        fi
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py
-
- job: macos_311
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-13'}
+- job: linux_38
  timeoutInMinutes: 120
+  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-20.04'}
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
      inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.11'
+        versionSpec: '3.8'
    - bash: |
-        python -m pip install dependency-groups
-        python -m dependency_groups test | xargs python -m pip install -e.
-        if [ "$(Build.SourceBranch)" = "refs/heads/main" ]; then
-          echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-          export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch ($(Build.SourceBranch))."
-        fi
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
        python ./bin/run_tests.py

- job: windows_311
+- job: macos_38
+  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-11'}
+  steps:
+    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
+      inputs:
+        versionSpec: '3.8'
+    - bash: |
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py
+
+- job: windows_38
  pool: {vmImage: 'windows-2019'}
  timeoutInMinutes: 180
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
      inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.11'
+        versionSpec: '3.8'
    - bash: |
-        python -m pip install dependency-groups
-        python -m dependency_groups test | xargs python -m pip install -e.
-        if [ "$(Build.SourceBranch)" = "refs/heads/main" ]; then
-          echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-          export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch ($(Build.SourceBranch))."
-        fi
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
        python ./bin/run_tests.py
@@ -1,29 +1,30 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

-# /// script
-# dependencies = ["click", "packaging", "tomli; python_version<'3.11'"]
-# ///

+from __future__ import annotations

+import glob
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
-import tomllib
 import urllib.parse
 from pathlib import Path

 import click
 from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version

+import cibuildwheel
+
 config = [
    # file path, version find/replace format
-    ("pyproject.toml", 'version = "{}"'),
    ("README.md", "cibuildwheel=={}"),
    ("cibuildwheel/__init__.py", '__version__ = "{}"'),
    ("docs/faq.md", "cibuildwheel=={}"),
    ("docs/faq.md", "cibuildwheel@v{}"),
+    ("docs/setup.md", "cibuildwheel=={}"),
    ("examples/*", "cibuildwheel=={}"),
    ("examples/*", "cibuildwheel@v{}"),
+    ("setup.cfg", "version = {}"),
 ]

 RED = "\u001b[31m"
@@ -33,8 +34,7 @@ OFF = "\u001b[0m"

@click.command()
 def bump_version() -> None:
-    with open("pyproject.toml", "rb") as f:
-        current_version = tomllib.load(f)["project"]["version"]
+    current_version = cibuildwheel.__version__

    try:
        commit_date_str = subprocess.run(
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
    actions = []

    for path_pattern, version_pattern in config:
-        paths = list(Path().glob(path_pattern))
+        paths = [Path(p) for p in glob.glob(path_pattern)]

        if not paths:
            print(f"error: Pattern {path_pattern} didn't match any files")
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
    print()

    print("Push the new version to GitHub with:")
-    print(f"    git push && git push origin v{new_version}")
+    print("    git push && git push --tags")
    print()

    release_url = "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/releases/new?" + urllib.parse.urlencode(
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+CIBW_PLATFORM=linux pytest "$@"
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import sys
-import textwrap
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import click
-
-from cibuildwheel.extra import get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info
-
-
-@click.command()
-@click.argument(
-    "pyodide-version",
-    type=str,
-)
-@click.option(
-    "--output-file",
-    type=click.Path(),
-    default=None,
-    help="Output file to write the constraints to. If not provided, the constraints will be printed to stdout.",
-)
-def generate_pyodide_constraints(pyodide_version: str, output_file: str | None = None) -> None:
-    """
-    Generate constraints for a specific Pyodide version. The constraints are
-    generated based on the Pyodide version's xbuildenv info, which is retrieved
-    from the Pyodide repository.
-
-    These constraints should then be 'pinned' using `uv pip compile`.
-
-    Example usage:
-
-        bin/generate_pyodide_constraints.py 0.27.0
-    """
-    xbuildenv_info = get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info()
-    try:
-        pyodide_version_xbuildenv_info = xbuildenv_info["releases"][pyodide_version]
-    except KeyError as e:
-        msg = f"Pyodide version {pyodide_version} not found in xbuildenv info. Versions available: {', '.join(xbuildenv_info['releases'].keys())}"
-        raise click.BadParameter(msg) from e
-
-    pyodide_build_min_version = pyodide_version_xbuildenv_info.get("min_pyodide_build_version")
-    pyodide_build_max_version = pyodide_version_xbuildenv_info.get("max_pyodide_build_version")
-
-    pyodide_build_specifier_parts: list[str] = []
-
-    if pyodide_build_min_version:
-        pyodide_build_specifier_parts.append(f">={pyodide_build_min_version}")
-    if pyodide_build_max_version:
-        pyodide_build_specifier_parts.append(f"<={pyodide_build_max_version}")
-
-    pyodide_build_specifier = ",".join(pyodide_build_specifier_parts)
-
-    constraints_txt = textwrap.dedent(f"""
-        pip
-        build[virtualenv]
-        pyodide-build{pyodide_build_specifier}
-        click<8.2
-    """)
-
-    if output_file is None:
-        print(constraints_txt)
-    else:
-        Path(output_file).write_text(constraints_txt)
-        print(f"Constraints written to {output_file}", file=sys.stderr)
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    generate_pyodide_constraints()
@@ -1,44 +1,19 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python

-# /// script
-# dependencies = ["pyyaml"]
-# ///
-
 import argparse
 import copy
-import functools
 import json
-import sys
 from typing import Any

 import yaml

-make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-    make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-parser = make_parser()
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 parser.add_argument("--schemastore", action="store_true", help="Generate schema_store version")
 args = parser.parse_args()

 starter = """
-$schema: http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema
 $id: https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json
-$defs:
-  inherit:
-    enum:
-      - none
-      - prepend
-      - append
-    default: none
-    description: How to inherit the parent's value.
-  enable:
-    enum:
-      - cpython-freethreading
-      - cpython-prerelease
-      - pypy
-      - pypy-eol
-      - cpython-experimental-riscv64
-  description: A Python version or flavor to enable.
+$schema: http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema
 additionalProperties: false
 description: cibuildwheel's settings.
 type: object
@@ -61,21 +36,19 @@ properties:
    type: string_array
  build-frontend:
    default: default
-    description: Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now), "build", or "build[uv]"
+    description: Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now) or "build"
    oneOf:
-      - enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", default]
+      - enum: [pip, build, default]
      - type: string
        pattern: '^pip; ?args:'
      - type: string
        pattern: '^build; ?args:'
-      - type: string
-        pattern: '^build\\[uv\\]; ?args:'
      - type: object
        additionalProperties: false
        required: [name]
        properties:
          name:
-            enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]"]
+            enum: [pip, build]
          args:
            type: array
            items:
@@ -111,31 +84,7 @@ properties:
  dependency-versions:
    default: pinned
    description: Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses
-    oneOf:
-      - enum: [pinned, latest]
-      - type: string
-        description: Path to a file containing dependency versions, or inline package specifications, starting with "packages:"
-        not:
-          enum: [pinned, latest]
-      - type: object
-        additionalProperties: false
-        properties:
-          file:
-            type: string
-      - type: object
-        additionalProperties: false
-        properties:
-          packages:
-            type: array
-            items:
-              type: string
-  enable:
-    description: Enable or disable certain builds.
-    oneOf:
-      - $ref: "#/$defs/enable"
-      - type: array
-        items:
-          $ref: "#/$defs/enable"
+    type: string
  environment:
    description: Set environment variables needed during the build.
    type: string_table
@@ -146,9 +95,6 @@ properties:
  manylinux-aarch64-image:
    type: string
    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  manylinux-armv7l-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
  manylinux-i686-image:
    type: string
    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
@@ -164,9 +110,6 @@ properties:
  manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image:
    type: string
    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  manylinux-riscv64-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
  manylinux-s390x-image:
    type: string
    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
@@ -176,33 +119,21 @@ properties:
  musllinux-aarch64-image:
    type: string
    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  musllinux-armv7l-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
  musllinux-i686-image:
    type: string
    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
  musllinux-ppc64le-image:
    type: string
    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  musllinux-riscv64-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
  musllinux-s390x-image:
    type: string
    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
  musllinux-x86_64-image:
    type: string
    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  xbuild-tools:
-    description: Binaries on the path that should be included in an isolated cross-build environment
-    type: string_array
-  pyodide-version:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify the version of Pyodide to use
  repair-wheel-command:
-    description: Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.
    type: string_array
+    description: Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.
  skip:
    description: Choose the Python versions to skip.
    type: string_array
@@ -212,25 +143,19 @@ properties:
  test-extras:
    description: Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require`
    type: string_array
-  test-sources:
-    description: Test files that are required by the test environment
-    type: string_array
-  test-groups:
-    description: Install extra groups when testing
-    type: string_array
  test-requires:
    description: Install Python dependencies before running the tests
    type: string_array
  test-skip:
    description: Skip running tests on some builds.
    type: string_array
-  test-environment:
-    description: Set environment variables for the test environment
-    type: string_table
 """

 schema = yaml.safe_load(starter)

+if args.schemastore:
+    schema["$id"] += "#"
+
 string_array = yaml.safe_load(
    """
 - type: string
@@ -289,35 +214,23 @@ items:
  additionalProperties: false
  properties:
    select: {}
-    inherit:
-      type: object
-      additionalProperties: false
-      properties:
-        before-all: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        before-build: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        xbuild-tools: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        before-test: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        config-settings: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        container-engine: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        environment: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        environment-pass: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        repair-wheel-command: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        test-command: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        test-extras: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        test-sources: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        test-requires: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        test-environment: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
 """
 )

 for key, value in schema["properties"].items():
-    value["title"] = f"CIBW_{key.replace('-', '_').upper()}"
+    value["title"] = f'CIBW_{key.replace("-", "_").upper()}'

-non_global_options = {k: {"$ref": f"#/properties/{k}"} for k in schema["properties"]}
+if args.schemastore:
+    non_global_options = {
+        k: {"$ref": f"#/properties/tool/properties/cibuildwheel/properties/{k}"}
+        for k in schema["properties"]
+    }
+else:
+    non_global_options = {k: {"$ref": f"#/properties/{k}"} for k in schema["properties"]}
 del non_global_options["build"]
 del non_global_options["skip"]
+del non_global_options["container-engine"]
 del non_global_options["test-skip"]
-del non_global_options["enable"]

 overrides["items"]["properties"]["select"]["oneOf"] = string_array
 overrides["items"]["properties"] |= non_global_options.copy()
@@ -327,7 +240,6 @@ del overrides["items"]["properties"]["archs"]
 not_linux = non_global_options.copy()

 del not_linux["environment-pass"]
-del not_linux["container-engine"]
 for key in list(not_linux):
    if "linux-" in key:
        del not_linux[key]
@@ -345,8 +257,6 @@ oses = {
    "linux": as_object(non_global_options),
    "windows": as_object(not_linux),
    "macos": as_object(not_linux),
-    "pyodide": as_object(not_linux),
-    "ios": as_object(not_linux),
 }

 oses["linux"]["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"] = {
@@ -363,11 +273,27 @@ del oses["linux"]["properties"]["dependency-versions"]
 schema["properties"]["overrides"] = overrides
 schema["properties"] |= oses

-if args.schemastore:
-    schema["$id"] = "https://json.schemastore.org/partial-cibuildwheel.json"
-    schema["$schema"] = "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"
-    schema["description"] = (
-        "cibuildwheel's toml file, generated with ./bin/generate_schema.py --schemastore from cibuildwheel."
-    )
+if not args.schemastore:
+    print(json.dumps(schema, indent=2))
+    raise SystemExit(0)

-print(json.dumps(schema, indent=2))
+schema_store_txt = """
+$id: https://json.schemastore.org/cibuildwheel.json
+$schema: http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#
+additionalProperties: false
+description: cibuildwheel's toml file, generated with ./bin/generate_schema.py --schemastore from cibuildwheel.
+type: object
+properties:
+    tool:
+        type: object
+        properties:
+            cibuildwheel:
+                type: object
+"""
+schema_store = yaml.safe_load(schema_store_txt)
+
+schema_store["properties"]["tool"]["properties"]["cibuildwheel"]["properties"] = schema[
+    "properties"
+]
+
+print(json.dumps(schema_store, indent=2))
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ This will cache the results to all_known_setup.yaml; you can reprint
 the results without the `--online` setting.
 """

+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import ast
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -1,30 +1,29 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

+from __future__ import annotations

 import os
-import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
 import time
 from pathlib import Path
+from subprocess import run

 import click


-def shell(cmd: str, *, check: bool, **kwargs: object) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
-    return subprocess.run([cmd], shell=True, check=check, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[call-overload, no-any-return]
+def shell(cmd, *, check: bool, **kwargs):
+    return run([cmd], shell=True, check=check, **kwargs)


-def git_repo_has_changes() -> bool:
-    unstaged_changes: bool = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
-    staged_changes: bool = (
-        shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
-    )
+def git_repo_has_changes():
+    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
+    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
    return unstaged_changes or staged_changes


@click.command()
-def main() -> None:
+def main():
    project_root = Path(__file__).parent / ".."
    os.chdir(project_root)

@@ -55,10 +54,10 @@ def main() -> None:
            f"""
            Update the versions of our dependencies.

-            PR generated by `{Path(__file__).name}`.
+            PR generated by `{os.path.basename(__file__)}`.
            """
        )
-        subprocess.run(
+        run(
            [
                "gh",
                "pr",
@@ -1,13 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

-# /// script
-# dependencies = [
-#   "click",
-#   "pyyaml",
-#   "pygithub",
-# ]
-# ///
-
 """
 Convert a yaml project list into a nice table.

@@ -17,6 +9,8 @@ Suggested usage:
    git diff
 """

+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import builtins
 import functools
 import textwrap
@@ -26,13 +20,14 @@ from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
 from datetime import datetime
 from io import StringIO
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Self, TextIO
+from typing import Any, TextIO

 import click
 import yaml
 from github import Github, GithubException

 ICONS = (
+    "appveyor",
    "github",
    "azurepipelines",
    "circleci",
@@ -82,7 +77,7 @@ class Project:
        name_len = len(self.name) + 4
        self.__class__.NAME = max(self.__class__.NAME, name_len)

-    def __lt__(self, other: Self) -> bool:
+    def __lt__(self, other: Project) -> bool:
        if self.online:
            return self.num_stars < other.num_stars
        else:
@@ -92,8 +87,8 @@ class Project:
    def header(cls) -> str:
        return textwrap.dedent(
            f"""\
-                | {"Name":{cls.NAME}} | CI | OS | Notes |
-                |{"":-^{cls.NAME + 2}}|----|----|:------|"""
+                | {'Name':{cls.NAME}} | CI | OS | Notes |
+                |{'':-^{cls.NAME+2  }}|----|----|:------|"""
        )

    @property
@@ -169,9 +164,7 @@ def get_projects(
    return sorted((Project(item, github) for item in config), reverse=online)


-def render_projects(
-    projects: Sequence[Project], *, dest_path: Path, include_info: bool = True
-) -> str:
+def render_projects(projects: Sequence[Project], *, dest_path: Path, include_info: bool = True):
    io = StringIO()
    print = functools.partial(builtins.print, file=io)

@@ -202,7 +195,7 @@ def insert_projects_table(
    projects: Sequence[Project],
    input_filename: str,
    include_info: bool = True,
-) -> None:
+):
    text = file.read_text()
    projects_table = render_projects(projects, include_info=include_info, dest_path=file)

@@ -216,7 +209,7 @@ def insert_projects_table(

    generated_note = f"<!-- this section is generated by bin/projects.py. Don't edit it directly, instead, edit {input_filename} -->"
    new_text = (
-        f"{text[: start + len(start_str)]}\n{generated_note}\n\n{projects_table}\n{text[end:]}"
+        f"{text[:start + len(start_str)]}\n{generated_note}\n\n{projects_table}\n{text[end:]}"
    )

    file.write_text(new_text)
@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

+from __future__ import annotations

 import os
 import shutil
-import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
 import time
 import typing
+from glob import glob
 from pathlib import Path
+from subprocess import run
 from urllib.parse import quote

 import click

-DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
+
+def shell(cmd, *, check: bool, **kwargs):
+    return run([cmd], shell=True, check=check, **kwargs)


-def shell(cmd: str, *, check: bool, **kwargs: object) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
-    return subprocess.run([cmd], shell=True, check=check, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[call-overload, no-any-return]
-
-
-def git_repo_has_changes() -> bool:
+def git_repo_has_changes():
    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
    return unstaged_changes or staged_changes


-def generate_basic_project(path: Path) -> None:
+def generate_basic_project(path):
    sys.path.insert(0, "")
    from test.test_projects.c import new_c_project

@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ class CIService(typing.NamedTuple):


 services = [
+    CIService(
+        name="appveyor",
+        dst_config_path="appveyor.yml",
+        badge_md="[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/gt3vwl88yt0y3hur/branch/{branch}?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/joerick/cibuildwheel/branch/{branch})",
+    ),
    CIService(
        name="azure-pipelines",
        dst_config_path="azure-pipelines.yml",
@@ -74,8 +79,9 @@ services = [
 ]


-def ci_service_for_config_file(config_file: Path) -> CIService:
-    filename = config_file.name
+def ci_service_for_config_file(config_file):
+    filename = Path(config_file).name
+
    try:
        return next(s for s in services if filename.startswith(s.name))
    except StopIteration:
@@ -92,16 +98,16 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
    """

    if len(config_files) == 0:
-        config_files = Path("examples").glob("*-minimal.yml")
+        config_files = glob("examples/*-minimal.yml")

    # check each CI service has at most 1 config file
-    configs_by_service = set()
+    configs_by_service = {}
    for config_file in config_files:
        service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
        if service.name in configs_by_service:
            msg = "You cannot specify more than one config per CI service"
            raise Exception(msg)
-        configs_by_service.add(service.name)
+        configs_by_service[service.name] = config_file

    if git_repo_has_changes():
        print("Your git repo has uncommitted changes. Commit or stash before continuing.")
@@ -122,22 +128,23 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):

        for config_file in config_files:
            service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
+            src_config_file = Path(config_file)
            dst_config_file = example_project / service.dst_config_path

            dst_config_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            shutil.copyfile(config_file, dst_config_file)
+            shutil.copyfile(src_config_file, dst_config_file)

-        subprocess.run(["git", "add", example_project], check=True)
+        run(["git", "add", example_project], check=True)
        message = textwrap.dedent(
            f"""\
            Test example minimal configs

-            Testing files: {[str(f) for f in config_files]}
+            Testing files: {config_files}
            Generated from branch: {previous_branch}
            Time: {timestamp}
            """
        )
-        subprocess.run(["git", "commit", "--no-verify", "--message", message], check=True)
+        run(["git", "commit", "--no-verify", "--message", message], check=True)
        shell(f"git subtree --prefix={example_project} push origin {branch_name}", check=True)

        print("---")
@@ -167,5 +174,6 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):


 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    os.chdir(DIR)
+    os.chdir(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+    os.chdir("..")
    run_example_ci_configs(standalone_mode=True)
@@ -1,32 +1,18 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

+from __future__ import annotations

 import argparse
-import functools
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path

 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    if sys.version_info < (3, 13):
-        default_cpu_count = os.cpu_count() or 2
-    else:
-        default_cpu_count = os.process_cpu_count() or 2
-
-    make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-        make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-    parser = make_parser()
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument(
        "--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests (linux only)"
    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--num-processes",
-        action="store",
-        default=default_cpu_count,
-        help="number of processes to use for testing",
-    )
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # move cwd to the project root
@@ -35,60 +21,29 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
    # unit tests
    unit_test_args = [sys.executable, "-m", "pytest", "unit_test"]

-    if sys.platform.startswith("linux") and os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "linux") == "linux":
+    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
        # run the docker unit tests only on Linux
        unit_test_args += ["--run-docker"]

        if args.run_podman:
            unit_test_args += ["--run-podman"]

-    print(
-        "\n\n================================== UNIT TESTS ==================================",
-        flush=True,
-    )
    subprocess.run(unit_test_args, check=True)

-    # Run the serial integration tests without multiple processes
-    serial_integration_test_args = [
-        sys.executable,
-        "-m",
-        "pytest",
-        "-m",
-        "serial",
-        "-x",
-        "--durations",
-        "0",
-        "--timeout=2400",
-        "test",
-        "-vv",
-    ]
-    print(
-        "\n\n=========================== SERIAL INTEGRATION TESTS ===========================",
-        flush=True,
-    )
-    subprocess.run(serial_integration_test_args, check=True)
-
-    # Non-serial integration tests
+    # integration tests
    integration_test_args = [
        sys.executable,
        "-m",
        "pytest",
-        "-m",
-        "not serial",
-        f"--numprocesses={args.num_processes}",
+        "--numprocesses=2",
        "-x",
        "--durations",
        "0",
        "--timeout=2400",
        "test",
-        "-vv",
    ]

    if sys.platform.startswith("linux") and args.run_podman:
        integration_test_args += ["--run-podman"]

-    print(
-        "\n\n========================= NON-SERIAL INTEGRATION TESTS =========================",
-        flush=True,
-    )
    subprocess.run(integration_test_args, check=True)
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

+from __future__ import annotations

 import argparse
-import functools
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -13,10 +13,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
    # move cwd to the project root
    os.chdir(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1])

-    make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-        make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-    parser = make_parser(description="Runs a sample build")
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Runs a sample build")
    parser.add_argument("project_python_path", nargs="?", default="test.test_0_basic.basic_project")

    options = parser.parse_args()
@@ -1,58 +1,70 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+from __future__ import annotations

 import configparser
-import dataclasses
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path

 import requests
-from packaging.version import Version

 DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
 RESOURCES = DIR.parent / "cibuildwheel/resources"


-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class Image:
    manylinux_version: str
-    platforms: list[str]
+    platform: str
    image_name: str
-    tag: str | None = None  # Set this to pin the image
-    use_platform_suffix: bool = False
-
-
-class PyPAImage(Image):
-    def __init__(self, manylinux_version: str, platforms: list[str], tag: str | None = None):
-        image_name = f"quay.io/pypa/{manylinux_version}"
-        super().__init__(manylinux_version, platforms, image_name, tag, True)
+    tag: str | None  # Set this to pin the image


 images = [
+    # manylinux1 images
+    Image("manylinux1", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux1", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686", None),
+    # manylinux2010 images
+    Image("manylinux2010", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux2010", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686", None),
+    Image("manylinux2010", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux2010", "pypy_i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686", None),
    # manylinux2014 images
-    PyPAImage(
-        "manylinux2014",
-        [
-            "x86_64",
-            "i686",
-            "aarch64",
-            "ppc64le",
-            "s390x",
-            "pypy_x86_64",
-            "pypy_i686",
-            "pypy_aarch64",
-        ],
-    ),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "pypy_i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686", None),
+    Image("manylinux2014", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64", None),
+    # manylinux_2_24 images
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64", None),
    # manylinux_2_28 images
-    PyPAImage(
-        "manylinux_2_28", ["x86_64", "aarch64", "ppc64le", "s390x", "pypy_x86_64", "pypy_aarch64"]
-    ),
-    # manylinux_2_31 images
-    PyPAImage("manylinux_2_31", ["armv7l"]),
-    # manylinux_2_34 images
-    PyPAImage(
-        "manylinux_2_34", ["x86_64", "aarch64", "ppc64le", "s390x", "pypy_x86_64", "pypy_aarch64"]
-    ),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64", None),
+    # musllinux_1_1 images
+    Image("musllinux_1_1", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_1", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_1", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_1", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_1", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x", None),
    # musllinux_1_2 images
-    PyPAImage("musllinux_1_2", ["x86_64", "i686", "aarch64", "ppc64le", "s390x", "armv7l"]),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x", None),
 ]

 config = configparser.ConfigParser()
@@ -78,21 +90,6 @@ for image in images:
            for (name, info) in tags_dict.items()
            if info["manifest_digest"] == latest_tag["manifest_digest"]
        )
-    elif image.image_name.startswith("ghcr.io/"):
-        repository = image.image_name[8:]
-        response = requests.get(
-            "https://ghcr.io/token", params={"scope": f"repository:{repository}:pull"}
-        )
-        response.raise_for_status()
-        token = response.json()["token"]
-        response = requests.get(
-            f"https://ghcr.io/v2/{repository}/tags/list",
-            headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
-        )
-        response.raise_for_status()
-        ghcr_tags = [(Version(tag), tag) for tag in response.json()["tags"] if tag != "latest"]
-        ghcr_tags.sort(reverse=True)
-        tag_name = ghcr_tags[0][1]
    else:
        response = requests.get(f"https://hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/{image.image_name}/tags")
        response.raise_for_status()
@@ -108,16 +105,10 @@ for image in images:
        )
        tag_name = pinned_tag["name"]

-    for platform in image.platforms:
-        if not config.has_section(platform):
-            config[platform] = {}
-        suffix = ""
-        if image.use_platform_suffix:
-            suffix = f"_{platform.removeprefix('pypy_')}"
-        config[platform][image.manylinux_version] = f"{image.image_name}{suffix}:{tag_name}"
+    if not config.has_section(image.platform):
+        config[image.platform] = {}

-if not config.has_section("riscv64"):
-    config["riscv64"] = {}
+    config[image.platform][image.manylinux_version] = f"{image.image_name}:{tag_name}"

 with open(RESOURCES / "pinned_docker_images.cfg", "w") as f:
    config.write(f)
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

+from __future__ import annotations

 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ except ImportError:
    )


-def main() -> None:
+def main():
    subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build"], check=True)

    hti = Html2Image(custom_flags=["--force-device-scale-factor=2"])
@@ -41,7 +42,8 @@ def main() -> None:
    )

    dest_path = Path("docs/data/how-it-works.png")
-    dest_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+    if dest_path.exists():
+        dest_path.unlink()

    Path(screenshot).rename(dest_path)

@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-
-import dataclasses
-import difflib
-import logging
-import tomllib
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Final
-
-import click
-import packaging.specifiers
-import requests
-import rich
-from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
-from rich.logging import RichHandler
-from rich.syntax import Syntax
-
-log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
-
-# Looking up the dir instead of using utils.resources_dir
-# since we want to write to it.
-DIR: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
-RESOURCES_DIR: Final[Path] = DIR / "cibuildwheel/resources"
-
-NODEJS_DIST: Final[str] = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
-NODEJS_INDEX: Final[str] = f"{NODEJS_DIST}index.json"
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
-class VersionTuple:
-    version: Version
-    version_string: str
-
-
-def parse_nodejs_index() -> list[VersionTuple]:
-    versions: list[VersionTuple] = []
-    response = requests.get(NODEJS_INDEX)
-    response.raise_for_status()
-    versions_info = response.json()
-    for version_info in versions_info:
-        version_string = version_info.get("version", "???")
-        if not version_info.get("lts", False):
-            log.debug("Ignoring non LTS release %r", version_string)
-            continue
-        if "linux-x64" not in version_info.get("files", []):
-            log.warning(
-                "Ignoring release %r which does not include a linux-x64 binary", version_string
-            )
-            continue
-        try:
-            version = Version(version_string)
-            if version.is_devrelease:
-                log.info("Ignoring development release %r", str(version))
-                continue
-            if version.is_prerelease:
-                log.info("Ignoring pre-release %r", str(version))
-                continue
-            versions.append(VersionTuple(version, version_string))
-        except InvalidVersion:
-            log.warning("Ignoring release %r", version_string)
-    versions.sort(reverse=True)
-    return versions
-
-
-@click.command()
-@click.option("--force", is_flag=True)
-@click.option(
-    "--level", default="INFO", type=click.Choice(["WARNING", "INFO", "DEBUG"], case_sensitive=False)
-)
-def update_nodejs(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
-    logging.basicConfig(
-        level="INFO",
-        format="%(message)s",
-        datefmt="[%X]",
-        handlers=[RichHandler(rich_tracebacks=True, markup=True)],
-    )
-    log.setLevel(level)
-
-    toml_file_path = RESOURCES_DIR / "nodejs.toml"
-
-    original_toml = toml_file_path.read_text()
-    with toml_file_path.open("rb") as f:
-        nodejs_data = tomllib.load(f)
-
-    nodejs_data.pop("url")
-
-    major_versions = [VersionTuple(Version(key), key) for key in nodejs_data]
-    major_versions.sort(reverse=True)
-
-    versions = parse_nodejs_index()
-
-    # update existing versions, 1 per LTS
-    for major_version in major_versions:
-        current = Version(nodejs_data[major_version.version_string])
-        specifier = packaging.specifiers.SpecifierSet(
-            specifiers=f"=={major_version.version.major}.*"
-        )
-        for version in versions:
-            if specifier.contains(version.version) and version.version > current:
-                nodejs_data[major_version.version_string] = version.version_string
-                break
-
-    # check for a new major LTS to insert
-    if versions and versions[0].version.major > major_versions[0].version.major:
-        major_versions.insert(
-            0,
-            VersionTuple(Version(str(versions[0].version.major)), f"v{versions[0].version.major}"),
-        )
-        nodejs_data[major_versions[0].version_string] = versions[0].version_string
-
-    versions_toml = "\n".join(
-        f'{major_version.version_string} = "{nodejs_data[major_version.version_string]}"'
-        for major_version in major_versions
-    )
-    result_toml = f'url = "{NODEJS_DIST}"\n{versions_toml}\n'
-
-    rich.print()  # spacer
-
-    if original_toml == result_toml:
-        rich.print("[green]Check complete, nodejs version unchanged.")
-        return
-
-    rich.print("nodejs version updated.")
-    rich.print("Changes:")
-    rich.print()
-
-    toml_relpath = toml_file_path.relative_to(DIR).as_posix()
-    diff_lines = difflib.unified_diff(
-        original_toml.splitlines(keepends=True),
-        result_toml.splitlines(keepends=True),
-        fromfile=toml_relpath,
-        tofile=toml_relpath,
-    )
-    rich.print(Syntax("".join(diff_lines), "diff", theme="ansi_light"))
-    rich.print()
-
-    if force:
-        toml_file_path.write_text(result_toml)
-        rich.print("[green]TOML file updated.")
-    else:
-        rich.print("[yellow]File left unchanged. Use --force flag to update.")
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    update_nodejs()
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import json
-
-from cibuildwheel.extra import github_api_request
-from cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone import (
-    PythonBuildStandaloneAsset,
-    PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData,
-)
-from cibuildwheel.util.resources import PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """
-    This script updates the vendored list of release assets to the latest
-    version of astral-sh/python-build-standalone.
-    """
-
-    # Get the latest release tag from the GitHub API
-    latest_release = github_api_request("repos/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/latest")
-    latest_tag = latest_release["tag_name"]
-
-    # Get the list of assets for the latest release
-    github_assets = github_api_request(
-        f"repos/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/tags/{latest_tag}"
-    )["assets"]
-
-    assets: list[PythonBuildStandaloneAsset] = []
-
-    for github_asset in github_assets:
-        name = github_asset["name"]
-        if not name.endswith("install_only.tar.gz"):
-            continue
-        url = github_asset["browser_download_url"]
-        assets.append({"name": name, "url": url})
-
-    # Write the assets to the JSON file. One day, we might need to support
-    # multiple releases, but for now, we only support the latest one
-    json_file_contents: PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData = {
-        "releases": [
-            {
-                "tag": latest_tag,
-                "assets": assets,
-            }
-        ]
-    }
-
-    with PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        json.dump(json_file_contents, f, indent=2)
-        # Add a trailing newline, our pre-commit hook requires it
-        f.write("\n")
-
-    print(
-        f"Updated {PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES.name} with {len(assets)} assets for tag {latest_tag}"
-    )
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

+from __future__ import annotations

 import copy
 import difflib
 import logging
-import operator
-import re
-import tomllib
 from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Final, Literal, TypedDict
+from typing import Any, Final, Literal, TypedDict, Union

 import click
 import requests
@@ -19,7 +17,8 @@ from packaging.version import Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax

-from cibuildwheel.extra import dump_python_configurations, get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info
+from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
+from cibuildwheel.extra import dump_python_configurations

 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")

@@ -45,26 +44,13 @@ class ConfigWinPP(TypedDict):
    url: str


-class ConfigWinGP(TypedDict):
+class ConfigMacOS(TypedDict):
    identifier: str
    version: str
    url: str


-class ConfigApple(TypedDict):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
-    url: str
-
-
-class ConfigPyodide(TypedDict):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
-    default_pyodide_version: str
-    node_version: str
-
-
-AnyConfig = ConfigWinCP | ConfigWinPP | ConfigWinGP | ConfigApple | ConfigPyodide
+AnyConfig = Union[ConfigWinCP, ConfigWinPP, ConfigMacOS]


 # The following set of "Versions" classes allow the initial call to the APIs to
@@ -72,7 +58,7 @@ AnyConfig = ConfigWinCP | ConfigWinPP | ConfigWinGP | ConfigApple | ConfigPyodid


 class WindowsVersions:
-    def __init__(self, arch_str: ArchStr, free_threaded: bool) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, arch_str: ArchStr) -> None:
        response = requests.get("https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json")
        response.raise_for_status()
        api_info = response.json()
@@ -86,11 +72,7 @@ class WindowsVersions:

        self.arch_str = arch_str
        self.arch = ARCH_DICT[arch_str]
-        self.free_threaded = free_threaded
-
        package = PACKAGE_DICT[arch_str]
-        if free_threaded:
-            package = f"{package}-freethreaded"

        response = requests.get(f"{endpoint}{package}/index.json")
        response.raise_for_status()
@@ -110,9 +92,8 @@ class WindowsVersions:
        if not versions:
            return None

-        flags = "t" if self.free_threaded else ""
        version = versions[0]
-        identifier = f"cp{version.major}{version.minor}{flags}-{self.arch}"
+        identifier = f"cp{version.major}{version.minor}-{self.arch}"
        return ConfigWinCP(
            identifier=identifier,
            version=self.version_dict[version],
@@ -120,76 +101,6 @@ class WindowsVersions:
        )


-class GraalPyVersions:
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        response = requests.get("https://api.github.com/repos/oracle/graalpython/releases")
-        response.raise_for_status()
-
-        releases = response.json()
-        gp_version_re = re.compile(r"-(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)$")
-        cp_version_re = re.compile(r"Python (\d+\.\d+(?:\.\d+)?)")
-        for release in releases:
-            m = gp_version_re.search(release["tag_name"])
-            if m:
-                release["graalpy_version"] = Version(m.group(1))
-            m = cp_version_re.search(release["body"])
-            if m:
-                release["python_version"] = Version(m.group(1))
-
-        self.releases = [r for r in releases if "graalpy_version" in r and "python_version" in r]
-
-    def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> AnyConfig:
-        if "x86_64" in identifier or "amd64" in identifier:
-            arch = "x86_64"
-        elif "arm64" in identifier or "aarch64" in identifier:
-            arch = "aarch64"
-        else:
-            msg = f"{identifier} not supported yet on GraalPy"
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-        gpspec_str = identifier.split("-")[0].split("_")[1]
-        gpspec = Specifier("==24.2.*") if gpspec_str == "242" else Specifier(f"=={gpspec_str}.*")
-
-        releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
-        releases = [r for r in self.releases if gpspec.contains(r["graalpy_version"])]
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["graalpy_version"])
-
-        if not releases:
-            msg = f"GraalPy {arch} not found for {spec}!"
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-        release = releases[-1]
-        version = release["python_version"]
-        gpversion = release["graalpy_version"]
-
-        if "macosx" in identifier:
-            arch = "x86_64" if "x86_64" in identifier else "arm64"
-            config = ConfigApple
-            platform = "macos"
-        elif "win" in identifier:
-            arch = "aarch64" if "arm64" in identifier else "x86_64"
-            config = ConfigWinGP
-            platform = "windows"
-        else:
-            msg = "GraalPy provides downloads for macOS and Windows and is included for manylinux"
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-        arch = "amd64" if arch == "x86_64" else "aarch64"
-        ext = "zip" if "win" in identifier else "tar.gz"
-        (url,) = (
-            rf["browser_download_url"]
-            for rf in release["assets"]
-            if rf["name"].endswith(f"{platform}-{arch}.{ext}")
-            and rf["name"].startswith(f"graalpy-{gpversion.major}")
-        )
-
-        return config(
-            identifier=identifier,
-            version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
-            url=url,
-        )
-
-
 class PyPyVersions:
    def __init__(self, arch_str: ArchStr):
        response = requests.get("https://downloads.python.org/pypy/versions.json")
@@ -217,7 +128,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:

    def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigWinCP:
        releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=operator.itemgetter("pypy_version"))
+        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])
        releases = [r for r in releases if self.get_arch_file(r)]

        if not releases:
@@ -238,13 +149,13 @@ class PyPyVersions:
            url=url,
        )

-    def update_version_macos(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigApple:
+    def update_version_macos(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigMacOS:
        if self.arch not in {"64", "ARM64"}:
            msg = f"'{self.arch}' arch not supported yet on macOS"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)

        releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=operator.itemgetter("pypy_version"))
+        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])

        if not releases:
            msg = f"PyPy macOS {self.arch} not found for {spec}!"
@@ -262,7 +173,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:
            if "" in rf["platform"] == "darwin" and rf["arch"] == arch
        )

-        return ConfigApple(
+        return ConfigMacOS(
            identifier=identifier,
            version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
            url=url,
@@ -280,19 +191,15 @@ class CPythonVersions:

        self.versions_dict: dict[Version, int] = {}
        for release in releases_info:
-            # Skip the pymanager releases
-            if not release["slug"].startswith("python"):
-                continue
-
-            # Removing the prefix
-            version = Version(release["name"].removeprefix("Python "))
+            # Removing the prefix, Python 3.9 would use: release["name"].removeprefix("Python ")
+            version = Version(release["name"][7:])

            uri = int(release["resource_uri"].rstrip("/").split("/")[-1])
            self.versions_dict[version] = uri

    def update_version_macos(
        self, identifier: str, version: Version, spec: Specifier
-    ) -> ConfigApple | None:
+    ) -> ConfigMacOS | None:
        # see note above on Specifier.filter
        unsorted_versions = spec.filter(self.versions_dict)
        sorted_versions = sorted(unsorted_versions, reverse=True)
@@ -311,7 +218,7 @@ class CPythonVersions:

            urls = [rf["url"] for rf in file_info if file_ident in rf["url"]]
            if urls:
-                return ConfigApple(
+                return ConfigMacOS(
                    identifier=identifier,
                    version=f"{new_version.major}.{new_version.minor}",
                    url=urls[0],
@@ -320,105 +227,21 @@ class CPythonVersions:
        return None


-class CPythonIOSVersions:
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        response = requests.get(
-            "https://api.github.com/repos/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases",
-            headers={
-                "Accept": "application/vnd.github+json",
-                "X-Github-Api-Version": "2022-11-28",
-            },
-        )
-        response.raise_for_status()
-
-        releases_info = response.json()
-        self.versions_dict: dict[Version, dict[int, str]] = {}
-
-        # Each release has a name like "3.13-b4"
-        for release in releases_info:
-            py_version, build = release["name"].split("-")
-            version = Version(py_version)
-            self.versions_dict.setdefault(version, {})
-
-            # There are several release assets associated with each release;
-            # The name of the asset will be something like
-            # "Python-3.11-iOS-support.b4.tar.gz". Store all builds that are
-            # "-iOS-support" builds, retaining the download URL.
-            for asset in release["assets"]:
-                filename, build, _, _ = asset["name"].rsplit(".", 3)
-                if filename.endswith("-iOS-support"):
-                    self.versions_dict[version][int(build[1:])] = asset["browser_download_url"]
-
-    def update_version_ios(self, identifier: str, version: Version) -> ConfigApple | None:
-        # Return a config using the highest build number for the given version.
-        urls = [url for _, url in sorted(self.versions_dict.get(version, {}).items())]
-        if urls:
-            return ConfigApple(
-                identifier=identifier,
-                version=str(version),
-                url=urls[-1],
-            )
-
-        return None
-
-
-class PyodideVersions:
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        xbuildenv_info = get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info()
-        self.releases = xbuildenv_info["releases"]
-
-    def update_version_pyodide(
-        self, identifier: str, version: Version, spec: Specifier, node_version: str
-    ) -> ConfigPyodide | None:
-        # get releases that match the python version
-        releases = [
-            r for r in self.releases.values() if spec.contains(Version(r["python_version"]))
-        ]
-        # sort by version, latest first
-        releases.sort(key=lambda r: Version(r["version"]), reverse=True)
-
-        if not releases:
-            msg = f"Pyodide not found for {spec}!"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-        final_releases = [r for r in releases if not Version(r["version"]).is_prerelease]
-
-        # prefer a final release if available, otherwise use the latest
-        # pre-release
-        release = final_releases[0] if final_releases else releases[0]
-
-        return ConfigPyodide(
-            identifier=identifier,
-            version=str(version),
-            default_pyodide_version=release["version"],
-            node_version=node_version,
-        )
-
-
 # This is a universal interface to all the above Versions classes. Given an
 # identifier, it updates a config dict.


 class AllVersions:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.windows_32 = WindowsVersions("32", False)
-        self.windows_t_32 = WindowsVersions("32", True)
-        self.windows_64 = WindowsVersions("64", False)
-        self.windows_t_64 = WindowsVersions("64", True)
-        self.windows_arm64 = WindowsVersions("ARM64", False)
-        self.windows_t_arm64 = WindowsVersions("ARM64", True)
+        self.windows_32 = WindowsVersions("32")
+        self.windows_64 = WindowsVersions("64")
+        self.windows_arm64 = WindowsVersions("ARM64")
        self.windows_pypy_64 = PyPyVersions("64")

        self.macos_cpython = CPythonVersions()
        self.macos_pypy = PyPyVersions("64")
        self.macos_pypy_arm64 = PyPyVersions("ARM64")

-        self.ios_cpython = CPythonIOSVersions()
-
-        self.graalpy = GraalPyVersions()
-
-        self.pyodide = PyodideVersions()
-
    def update_config(self, config: MutableMapping[str, str]) -> None:
        identifier = config["identifier"]
        version = Version(config["version"])
@@ -436,31 +259,16 @@ class AllVersions:
                    config_update = self.macos_pypy.update_version_macos(spec)
                elif "macosx_arm64" in identifier:
                    config_update = self.macos_pypy_arm64.update_version_macos(spec)
-            elif identifier.startswith("gp"):
-                config_update = self.graalpy.update_version(identifier, spec)
-        elif "t-win32" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
-            config_update = self.windows_t_32.update_version_windows(spec)
-        elif "win32" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
-            config_update = self.windows_32.update_version_windows(spec)
-        elif "t-win_amd64" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
-            config_update = self.windows_t_64.update_version_windows(spec)
+        elif "win32" in identifier:
+            if identifier.startswith("cp"):
+                config_update = self.windows_32.update_version_windows(spec)
        elif "win_amd64" in identifier:
            if identifier.startswith("cp"):
                config_update = self.windows_64.update_version_windows(spec)
            elif identifier.startswith("pp"):
                config_update = self.windows_pypy_64.update_version_windows(spec)
-            elif identifier.startswith("gp"):
-                config_update = self.graalpy.update_version(identifier, spec)
-        elif "t-win_arm64" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
-            config_update = self.windows_t_arm64.update_version_windows(spec)
        elif "win_arm64" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
            config_update = self.windows_arm64.update_version_windows(spec)
-        elif "ios" in identifier:
-            config_update = self.ios_cpython.update_version_ios(identifier, version)
-        elif "pyodide" in identifier:
-            config_update = self.pyodide.update_version_pyodide(
-                identifier, version, spec, config["node_version"]
-            )

        assert config_update is not None, f"{identifier} not found!"
        config.update(**config_update)
@@ -496,12 +304,6 @@ def update_pythons(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
    for config in configs["macos"]["python_configurations"]:
        all_versions.update_config(config)

-    for config in configs["ios"]["python_configurations"]:
-        all_versions.update_config(config)
-
-    for config in configs["pyodide"]["python_configurations"]:
-        all_versions.update_config(config)
-
    result_toml = dump_python_configurations(configs)

    rich.print()  # spacer
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

+from __future__ import annotations

 import re
 import sys
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ README_CHANGELOG_SECTION = re.compile(
 )


-def main() -> None:
+def main():
    changelog_text = CHANGELOG_FILE.read_text()
    readme_text = README_FILE.read_text()

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

+from __future__ import annotations

-import dataclasses
 import difflib
 import logging
 import subprocess
-import tomllib
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax

+from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
+
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")

 # Looking up the dir instead of using utils.resources_dir
@@ -23,18 +25,18 @@ DIR: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
 RESOURCES_DIR: Final[Path] = DIR / "cibuildwheel/resources"

 GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB: Final[str] = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv"
-GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE: Final[str] = (
-    f"{GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB}/blob/{{version}}/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"
-)
+GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE: Final[
+    str
+] = f"{GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB}/blob/{{version}}/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"


-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
 class VersionTuple:
    version: Version
    version_string: str


-def git_ls_remote_versions(url: str) -> list[VersionTuple]:
+def git_ls_remote_versions(url) -> list[VersionTuple]:
    versions: list[VersionTuple] = []
    tags = subprocess.run(
        ["git", "ls-remote", "--tags", url], check=True, text=True, capture_output=True
@@ -51,6 +53,10 @@ def git_ls_remote_versions(url: str) -> list[VersionTuple]:
            if version.is_prerelease:
                log.info("Ignoring pre-release %r", str(version))
                continue
+            # Do not upgrade past 20.22.0 to keep python 3.6 compat
+            if version >= Version("20.22.0"):
+                log.info("Ignoring %r which is not compatible with python 3.6", str(version))
+                continue
            versions.append(VersionTuple(version, version_string))
        except InvalidVersion:
            log.warning("Ignoring ref %r", ref)
@@ -76,20 +82,15 @@ def update_virtualenv(force: bool, level: str) -> None:

    original_toml = toml_file_path.read_text()
    with toml_file_path.open("rb") as f:
-        configurations = tomllib.load(f)
-    default = configurations.pop("default")
-    version = str(default["version"])
+        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
+    version = str(loaded_file["version"])
    versions = git_ls_remote_versions(GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB)
    if versions[0].version > Version(version):
        version = versions[0].version_string

-    configurations["default"] = {
-        "version": version,
-        "url": GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE.format(version=version),
-    }
-    result_toml = "".join(
-        f'{key} = {{ version = "{value["version"]}", url = "{value["url"]}" }}\n'
-        for key, value in configurations.items()
+    result_toml = (
+        f'version = "{version}"\n'
+        f'url = "{GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE.format(version=version)}"\n'
    )

    rich.print()  # spacer
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-__version__ = "3.0.0b3"
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__version__ = "2.16.5"
@@ -1,89 +1,40 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import argparse
-import contextlib
-import dataclasses
-import functools
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
 import tarfile
 import textwrap
-import time
-import traceback
 import typing
-from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import mkdtemp
-from typing import Any, Literal, TextIO
+from typing import Protocol

 import cibuildwheel
+import cibuildwheel.linux
+import cibuildwheel.macos
 import cibuildwheel.util
-from cibuildwheel import errors
+import cibuildwheel.windows
+from cibuildwheel._compat.typing import assert_never
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, allowed_architectures_check
-from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions
 from cibuildwheel.logger import log
 from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments, Options, compute_options
-from cibuildwheel.platforms import ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES, get_build_identifiers
-from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, selector_matches
-from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
-from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH
-from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import strtobool
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass
-class GlobalOptions:
-    print_traceback_on_error: bool = True  # decides what happens when errors are hit.
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
-class FileReport:
-    name: str
-    size: str
-
-
-# Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/107717
-class Unbuffered:
-    def __init__(self, stream: TextIO) -> None:
-        self.stream = stream
-
-    def write(self, data: str) -> None:
-        self.stream.write(data)
-        self.stream.flush()
-
-    def writelines(self, data: Iterable[str]) -> None:
-        self.stream.writelines(data)
-        self.stream.flush()
-
-    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
-        return getattr(self.stream, attr)
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, GenericPythonConfiguration, PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.util import (
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    BuildSelector,
+    CIProvider,
+    Unbuffered,
+    chdir,
+    detect_ci_provider,
+    fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions,
+)


 def main() -> None:
-    global_options = GlobalOptions()
-    try:
-        main_inner(global_options)
-    except errors.FatalError as e:
-        message = e.args[0]
-        if log.step_active:
-            log.step_end_with_error(message)
-        else:
-            log.error(message)
-
-        if global_options.print_traceback_on_error:
-            traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
-
-        sys.exit(e.return_code)
-
-
-def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
-    """
-    `main_inner` is the same as `main`, but it raises FatalError exceptions
-    rather than exiting directly.
-    """
-
-    make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-        make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-    parser = make_parser(
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description="Build wheels for all the platforms.",
        epilog="""
            Most options are supplied via environment variables or in
@@ -94,14 +45,14 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:

    parser.add_argument(
        "--platform",
-        choices=["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide", "ios"],
+        choices=["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"],
        default=None,
        help="""
-            Platform to build for. Use this option to override the auto-detected
-            platform. Specifying "macos" or "windows" only works on that
-            operating system. "linux" works on any desktop OS, as long as
-            Docker/Podman is installed. "pyodide" only works on linux and macOS.
-            "ios" only work on macOS. Default: auto.
+            Platform to build for. Use this option to override the
+            auto-detected platform or to run cibuildwheel on your development
+            machine. Specifying "macos" or "windows" only works on that
+            operating system, but "linux" works on all three, as long as
+            Docker/Podman is installed. Default: auto.
        """,
    )

@@ -119,17 +70,6 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
        """,
    )

-    enable_groups_str = ", ".join(g.value for g in EnableGroup)
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--enable",
-        action="append",
-        default=[],
-        metavar="GROUP",
-        help=f"""
-            Enable an additional category of builds. Use multiple times to select multiple groups. Choices: {enable_groups_str}.
-        """,
-    )
-
    parser.add_argument(
        "--only",
        default=None,
@@ -160,7 +100,7 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
    parser.add_argument(
        "package_dir",
        metavar="PACKAGE",
-        default=Path(),
+        default=Path("."),
        type=Path,
        nargs="?",
        help="""
@@ -187,16 +127,13 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
    )

    parser.add_argument(
-        "--debug-traceback",
+        "--prerelease-pythons",
        action="store_true",
-        default=strtobool(os.environ.get("CIBW_DEBUG_TRACEBACK", "0")),
-        help="Print a full traceback for all errors",
+        help="Enable pre-release Python versions if available.",
    )

    args = CommandLineArguments(**vars(parser.parse_args()))

-    global_options.print_traceback_on_error = args.debug_traceback
-
    args.package_dir = args.package_dir.resolve()

    # This are always relative to the base directory, even in SDist builds
@@ -223,7 +160,7 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
        # This is now the new package dir
        args.package_dir = project_dir.resolve()

-        with contextlib.chdir(project_dir):
+        with chdir(project_dir):
            build_in_directory(args)
    finally:
        # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
@@ -240,15 +177,27 @@ def _compute_platform_only(only: str) -> PlatformName:
        return "macos"
    if "win_" in only or "win32" in only:
        return "windows"
-    if "pyodide_" in only:
-        return "pyodide"
-    if "ios_" in only:
-        return "ios"
-    msg = f"Invalid --only='{only}', must be a build selector with a known platform"
-    raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+    print(
+        f"Invalid --only='{only}', must be a build selector with a known platform",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    sys.exit(2)


-def _compute_platform_auto() -> PlatformName:
+def _compute_platform_ci() -> PlatformName:
+    if detect_ci_provider() is None:
+        print(
+            textwrap.dedent(
+                """
+                cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform. cibuildwheel should run on your CI server;
+                Travis CI, AppVeyor, Azure Pipelines, GitHub Actions, CircleCI, Gitlab, and Cirrus CI
+                are supported. You can run on your development machine or other CI providers
+                using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information.
+                """
+            ),
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(2)
    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
        return "linux"
    elif sys.platform == "darwin":
@@ -256,78 +205,67 @@ def _compute_platform_auto() -> PlatformName:
    elif sys.platform == "win32":
        return "windows"
    else:
-        msg = (
-            'Unable to detect platform from "sys.platform". cibuildwheel doesn\'t '
-            "support building wheels for this platform. You might be able to build for a different "
-            "platform using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information."
+        print(
+            'cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform from "sys.platform" in a CI environment. You can run '
+            "cibuildwheel using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
        )
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+        sys.exit(2)


 def _compute_platform(args: CommandLineArguments) -> PlatformName:
-    platform_option_value = args.platform or os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "") or "auto"
+    platform_option_value = args.platform or os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "auto")

    if args.only and args.platform is not None:
-        msg = "--platform cannot be specified with --only, it is computed from --only"
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+        print(
+            "--platform cannot be specified with --only, it is computed from --only",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(2)
    if args.only and args.archs is not None:
-        msg = "--arch cannot be specified with --only, it is computed from --only"
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+        print(
+            "--arch cannot be specified with --only, it is computed from --only",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(2)

    if platform_option_value not in PLATFORMS | {"auto"}:
-        msg = f"Unsupported platform: {platform_option_value}"
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+        print(f"cibuildwheel: Unsupported platform: {platform_option_value}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(2)

    if args.only:
        return _compute_platform_only(args.only)
    elif platform_option_value != "auto":
        return typing.cast(PlatformName, platform_option_value)

-    return _compute_platform_auto()
+    return _compute_platform_ci()


-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
-    """
-    Prints the new items in a directory upon exiting. The message to display
-    can include {n} for number of wheels, {s} for total number of seconds,
-    and/or {m} for total number of minutes. Does not print anything if this
-    exits via exception.
-    """
+class PlatformModule(Protocol):
+    # note that as per PEP544, the self argument is ignored when the protocol
+    # is applied to a module
+    def get_python_configurations(
+        self, build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: Set[Architecture]
+    ) -> Sequence[GenericPythonConfiguration]:
+        ...

-    start_time = time.time()
-    existing_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
-    yield
-    final_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
+    def build(self, options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        ...

-    new_contents = [
-        FileReport(wheel.name, f"{(wheel.stat().st_size + 1023) // 1024:,d}")
-        for wheel in final_contents - existing_contents
-    ]

-    if not new_contents:
-        return
-
-    max_name_len = max(len(f.name) for f in new_contents)
-    max_size_len = max(len(f.size) for f in new_contents)
-    n = len(new_contents)
-    s = time.time() - start_time
-    m = s / 60
-    print(
-        msg.format(n=n, s=s, m=m),
-        *sorted(
-            f"  {f.name:<{max_name_len}s}   {f.size:>{max_size_len}s} kB" for f in new_contents
-        ),
-        sep="\n",
-    )
+# pylint: disable-next=inconsistent-return-statements
+def get_platform_module(platform: PlatformName) -> PlatformModule:
+    if platform == "linux":
+        return cibuildwheel.linux
+    if platform == "windows":
+        return cibuildwheel.windows
+    if platform == "macos":
+        return cibuildwheel.macos
+    assert_never(platform)


 def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
    platform: PlatformName = _compute_platform(args)
-    if platform == "pyodide" and sys.platform == "win32":
-        msg = "Building for pyodide is not supported on Windows"
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
-
    options = compute_options(platform=platform, command_line_arguments=args, env=os.environ)

    package_dir = options.globals.package_dir
@@ -335,10 +273,11 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:

    if not any(package_dir.joinpath(name).exists() for name in package_files):
        names = ", ".join(sorted(package_files, reverse=True))
-        msg = f"Could not find any of {{{names}}} at root of package"
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+        msg = f"cibuildwheel: Could not find any of {{{names}}} at root of package"
+        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(2)

-    platform_module = ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES[platform]
+    platform_module = get_platform_module(platform)
    identifiers = get_build_identifiers(
        platform_module=platform_module,
        build_selector=options.globals.build_selector,
@@ -353,10 +292,8 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
    # Add CIBUILDWHEEL environment variable
    os.environ["CIBUILDWHEEL"] = "1"

-    # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving
-    # problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to
-    # 'print'
-    sys.stdout = Unbuffered(sys.stdout)
+    # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to 'print'
+    sys.stdout = Unbuffered(sys.stdout)  # type: ignore[assignment]

    # create the cache dir before it gets printed & builds performed
    CIBW_CACHE_PATH.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
@@ -367,22 +304,27 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
        options.check_for_invalid_configuration(identifiers)
        allowed_architectures_check(platform, options.globals.architectures)
    except ValueError as err:
-        raise errors.DeprecationError(*err.args) from err
+        print("cibuildwheel:", *err.args, file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(4)

    if not identifiers:
-        message = f"No build identifiers selected: {options.globals.build_selector}"
-        if options.globals.allow_empty:
-            print(f"cibuildwheel: {message}", file=sys.stderr)
-        else:
-            raise errors.NothingToDoError(message)
+        print(
+            f"cibuildwheel: No build identifiers selected: {options.globals.build_selector}",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        if not args.allow_empty:
+            sys.exit(3)

    output_dir = options.globals.output_dir

-    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    if not output_dir.exists():
+        output_dir.mkdir(parents=True)

    tmp_path = Path(mkdtemp(prefix="cibw-run-")).resolve(strict=True)
    try:
-        with print_new_wheels("\n{n} wheels produced in {m:.0f} minutes:", output_dir):
+        with cibuildwheel.util.print_new_wheels(
+            "\n{n} wheels produced in {m:.0f} minutes:", output_dir
+        ):
            platform_module.build(options, tmp_path)
    finally:
        # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
@@ -415,28 +357,26 @@ def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: Sequence[str])

    print()
    print(f"Cache folder: {CIBW_CACHE_PATH}")
-    print()

    warnings = detect_warnings(options=options, identifiers=identifiers)
-    for warning in warnings:
-        log.warning(warning)
+    if warnings:
+        print("\nWarnings:")
+        for warning in warnings:
+            print("  " + warning)

-    print("Here we go!\n")
+    print("\nHere we go!\n")
+
+
+def get_build_identifiers(
+    platform_module: PlatformModule, build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: Set[Architecture]
+) -> list[str]:
+    python_configurations = platform_module.get_python_configurations(build_selector, architectures)
+    return [config.identifier for config in python_configurations]


 def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> list[str]:
    warnings = []

-    python_version_deprecation = ((3, 11), 3)
-    if sys.version_info[:2] < python_version_deprecation[0]:
-        python_version = ".".join(map(str, python_version_deprecation[0]))
-        msg = (
-            f"cibuildwheel {python_version_deprecation[1]} will require Python {python_version}+, "
-            "please upgrade the Python version used to run cibuildwheel. "
-            "This does not affect the versions you can target when building wheels. See: https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/#what-does-it-do"
-        )
-        warnings.append(msg)
-
    # warn about deprecated {python} and {pip}
    for option_name in ["test_command", "before_build"]:
        option_values = [getattr(options.build_options(i), option_name) for i in identifiers]
@@ -444,78 +384,9 @@ def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> list[str
        if any(o and ("{python}" in o or "{pip}" in o) for o in option_values):
            # Reminder: in an f-string, double braces means literal single brace
            msg = (
-                f"{option_name}: '{{python}}' and '{{pip}}' are no longer supported "
-                "and have been removed in cibuildwheel 3. Simply use 'python' or 'pip' instead."
+                f"{option_name}: '{{python}}' and '{{pip}}' are no longer needed, "
+                "and will be removed in a future release. Simply use 'python' or 'pip' instead."
            )
-            raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
-
-    build_selector = options.globals.build_selector
-    test_selector = options.globals.test_selector
-
-    all_valid_identifiers = [
-        config.identifier
-        for module in ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES.values()
-        for config in module.all_python_configurations()
-    ]
-
-    enabled_selector = BuildSelector(
-        build_config="*", skip_config="", enable=options.globals.build_selector.enable
-    )
-    all_enabled_identifiers = [
-        identifier for identifier in all_valid_identifiers if enabled_selector(identifier)
-    ]
-
-    warnings += check_for_invalid_selectors(
-        selector_name="build",
-        selector_value=build_selector.build_config,
-        all_valid_identifiers=all_valid_identifiers,
-        all_enabled_identifiers=all_enabled_identifiers,
-    )
-    warnings += check_for_invalid_selectors(
-        selector_name="skip",
-        selector_value=build_selector.skip_config,
-        all_valid_identifiers=all_valid_identifiers,
-        all_enabled_identifiers=all_enabled_identifiers,
-    )
-    warnings += check_for_invalid_selectors(
-        selector_name="test_skip",
-        selector_value=test_selector.skip_config,
-        all_valid_identifiers=all_valid_identifiers,
-        all_enabled_identifiers=all_enabled_identifiers,
-    )
-
-    return warnings
-
-
-def check_for_invalid_selectors(
-    *,
-    selector_name: Literal["build", "skip", "test_skip"],
-    selector_value: str,
-    all_valid_identifiers: Sequence[str],
-    all_enabled_identifiers: Sequence[str],
-) -> list[str]:
-    warnings = []
-
-    for selector in selector_value.split():
-        if not any(selector_matches(selector, i) for i in all_enabled_identifiers):
-            msg = f"Invalid {selector_name} selector: {selector!r}. "
-            error_type: type = errors.ConfigurationError
-
-            if any(selector_matches(selector, i) for i in all_valid_identifiers):
-                msg += "This selector matches a group that wasn't enabled. Enable it using the `enable` option or remove this selector. "
-
-            if "p2" in selector or "p35" in selector:
-                msg += f"cibuildwheel 3.x no longer supports Python < 3.8. Please use the 1.x series or update `{selector_name}`. "
-                error_type = errors.DeprecationError
-            if "p36" in selector or "p37" in selector:
-                msg += f"cibuildwheel 3.x no longer supports Python < 3.8. Please use the 2.x series or update `{selector_name}`. "
-                error_type = errors.DeprecationError
-
-            if selector_name == "build":
-                raise error_type(msg)
-
-            msg += "This selector will have no effect. "
-
            warnings.append(msg)

    return warnings
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from tomllib import load, loads
+else:
+    from tomli import load, loads
+
+__all__ = ["load", "loads"]
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, Self, assert_never
+else:
+    from typing import NotRequired, Self, assert_never
+
+__all__ = (
+    "assert_never",
+    "NotRequired",
+    "Self",
+)
@@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
 import platform as platform_module
 import re
-import shutil
-import subprocess
 import sys
-import typing
 from collections.abc import Set
-from enum import StrEnum, auto
+from enum import Enum
 from typing import Final, Literal

-from cibuildwheel import errors
-
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .typing import PlatformName

 PRETTY_NAMES: Final[dict[PlatformName, str]] = {
    "linux": "Linux",
    "macos": "macOS",
    "windows": "Windows",
-    "pyodide": "Pyodide",
-    "ios": "iOS",
 }

 ARCH_SYNONYMS: Final[list[dict[PlatformName, str | None]]] = [
@@ -27,60 +24,43 @@ ARCH_SYNONYMS: Final[list[dict[PlatformName, str | None]]] = [
 ]


-def _check_aarch32_el0() -> bool:
-    """Check if running armv7l natively on aarch64 is supported"""
-    if not sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
-        return False
-    if platform_module.machine() != "aarch64":
-        return False
-    executable = shutil.which("linux32")
-    if executable is None:
-        return False
-    check = subprocess.run([executable, "uname", "-m"], check=False, capture_output=True, text=True)
-    return check.returncode == 0 and check.stdout.startswith("armv")
+@functools.total_ordering
+class Architecture(Enum):
+    value: str

-
-@typing.final
-class Architecture(StrEnum):
    # mac/linux archs
-    x86_64 = auto()
+    x86_64 = "x86_64"

    # linux archs
-    i686 = auto()
-    aarch64 = auto()
-    ppc64le = auto()
-    s390x = auto()
-    armv7l = auto()
-    riscv64 = auto()
+    i686 = "i686"
+    aarch64 = "aarch64"
+    ppc64le = "ppc64le"
+    s390x = "s390x"

    # mac archs
-    universal2 = auto()
-    arm64 = auto()
+    universal2 = "universal2"
+    arm64 = "arm64"

    # windows archs
-    x86 = auto()
+    x86 = "x86"
    AMD64 = "AMD64"
    ARM64 = "ARM64"

-    # WebAssembly
-    wasm32 = auto()
+    # Allow this to be sorted
+    def __lt__(self, other: Architecture) -> bool:
+        return self.value < other.value

-    # iOS "multiarch" architectures that include both
-    # the CPU architecture and the ABI.
-    arm64_iphoneos = auto()
-    arm64_iphonesimulator = auto()
-    x86_64_iphonesimulator = auto()
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.name

    @staticmethod
-    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
        result = set()
        for arch_str in re.split(r"[\s,]+", config):
            if arch_str == "auto":
                result |= Architecture.auto_archs(platform=platform)
            elif arch_str == "native":
-                native_arch = Architecture.native_arch(platform=platform)
-                if native_arch:
-                    result.add(native_arch)
+                result.add(Architecture(platform_module.machine()))
            elif arch_str == "all":
                result |= Architecture.all_archs(platform=platform)
            elif arch_str == "auto64":
@@ -88,17 +68,12 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
            elif arch_str == "auto32":
                result |= Architecture.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="32")
            else:
-                try:
-                    result.add(Architecture(arch_str))
-                except ValueError as e:
-                    msg = f"Invalid architecture '{arch_str}'"
-                    raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
+                result.add(Architecture(arch_str))
        return result

    @staticmethod
-    def native_arch(platform: PlatformName) -> "Architecture | None":
+    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
        native_machine = platform_module.machine()
-        native_architecture = Architecture(native_machine)

        # Cross-platform support. Used for --print-build-identifiers or docker builds.
        host_platform: PlatformName = (
@@ -107,18 +82,7 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
            else ("macos" if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") else "linux")
        )

-        if platform == "pyodide":
-            return Architecture.wasm32
-        elif platform == "ios":
-            # Can only build for iOS on macOS. The "native" architecture is the
-            # simulator for the macOS native platform.
-            if host_platform == "macos":
-                if native_architecture == Architecture.x86_64:
-                    return Architecture.x86_64_iphonesimulator
-                else:
-                    return Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator
-            else:
-                return None
+        native_architecture = Architecture(native_machine)

        # we might need to rename the native arch to the machine we're running
        # on, as the same arch can have different names on different platforms
@@ -129,37 +93,23 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):

                    if synonym is None:
                        # can't build anything on this platform
-                        return None
+                        return set()

                    native_architecture = Architecture(synonym)

-        return native_architecture
+        result = {native_architecture}

-    @staticmethod
-    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
-        native_arch = Architecture.native_arch(platform)
-        if native_arch is None:
-            return set()  # can't build anything on this platform
-        result = {native_arch}
+        if platform == "linux" and Architecture.x86_64 in result:
+            # x86_64 machines can run i686 containers
+            result.add(Architecture.i686)

-        if platform == "linux":
-            if Architecture.x86_64 in result:
-                # x86_64 machines can run i686 containers
-                result.add(Architecture.i686)
-            elif Architecture.aarch64 in result and _check_aarch32_el0():
-                result.add(Architecture.armv7l)
-
-        elif platform == "windows" and Architecture.AMD64 in result:
+        if platform == "windows" and Architecture.AMD64 in result:
            result.add(Architecture.x86)

-        elif platform == "ios" and native_arch == Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator:
-            # Also build the device wheel if we're on ARM64.
-            result.add(Architecture.arm64_iphoneos)
-
        return result

    @staticmethod
-    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
        all_archs_map = {
            "linux": {
                Architecture.x86_64,
@@ -167,30 +117,24 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
                Architecture.aarch64,
                Architecture.ppc64le,
                Architecture.s390x,
-                Architecture.armv7l,
-                Architecture.riscv64,
            },
            "macos": {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64, Architecture.universal2},
            "windows": {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64, Architecture.ARM64},
-            "pyodide": {Architecture.wasm32},
-            "ios": {
-                Architecture.x86_64_iphonesimulator,
-                Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator,
-                Architecture.arm64_iphoneos,
-            },
        }
        return all_archs_map[platform]

    @staticmethod
-    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> "set[Architecture]":
-        archs_32 = {Architecture.i686, Architecture.x86, Architecture.armv7l}
+    # pylint: disable-next=inconsistent-return-statements
+    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> set[Architecture]:
+        archs_32 = {Architecture.i686, Architecture.x86}
        auto_archs = Architecture.auto_archs(platform)

        if bitness == "64":
            return auto_archs - archs_32
-        if bitness == "32":
+        elif bitness == "32":
            return auto_archs & archs_32
-        typing.assert_never(bitness)
+        else:
+            assert_never(bitness)


 def allowed_architectures_check(
@@ -1,23 +1,21 @@
-import dataclasses
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import subprocess
-from collections.abc import (
-    Callable,
-    Iterable,
-    Mapping,
-    Sequence,
-)
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Callable, Dict, List  # noqa: TID251

 import bashlex

 # a function that takes a command and the environment, and returns the result
-EnvironmentExecutor = Callable[[list[str], dict[str, str]], str]
+EnvironmentExecutor = Callable[[List[str], Dict[str, str]], str]


 def local_environment_executor(command: Sequence[str], env: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
    return subprocess.run(command, env=env, text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, check=True).stdout


-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class NodeExecutionContext:
    environment: dict[str, str]
    input: str
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import re
-from enum import Enum
-
-from .util.helpers import strtobool
-
-
-class CIProvider(Enum):
-    # official support
-    travis_ci = "travis"
-    circle_ci = "circle_ci"
-    azure_pipelines = "azure_pipelines"
-    github_actions = "github_actions"
-    gitlab = "gitlab"
-    cirrus_ci = "cirrus_ci"
-
-    # unofficial support
-    appveyor = "appveyor"
-
-    other = "other"
-
-
-def detect_ci_provider() -> CIProvider | None:
-    if "TRAVIS" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.travis_ci
-    elif "APPVEYOR" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.appveyor
-    elif "CIRCLECI" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.circle_ci
-    elif "AZURE_HTTP_USER_AGENT" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.azure_pipelines
-    elif "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.github_actions
-    elif "GITLAB_CI" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.gitlab
-    elif "CIRRUS_CI" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.cirrus_ci
-    elif strtobool(os.environ.get("CI", "false")):
-        return CIProvider.other
-    else:
-        return None
-
-
-def fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions(text: str) -> str:
-    """
-    Github Actions forgets the current ANSI style on every new line. This
-    function repeats the current ANSI style on every new line.
-    """
-    ansi_code_regex = re.compile(r"(\033\[[0-9;]*m)")
-    ansi_codes: list[str] = []
-    output = ""
-
-    for line in text.splitlines(keepends=True):
-        # add the current ANSI codes to the beginning of the line
-        output += "".join(ansi_codes) + line
-
-        # split the line at each ANSI code
-        parts = ansi_code_regex.split(line)
-        # if there are any ANSI codes, save them
-        if len(parts) > 1:
-            # iterate over the ANSI codes in this line
-            for code in parts[1::2]:
-                if code == "\033[0m":
-                    # reset the list of ANSI codes when the clear code is found
-                    ansi_codes = []
-                else:
-                    ansi_codes.append(code)
-
-    return output
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from typing import Any, Protocol
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ class EnvironmentAssignmentBash:
        return False


-@dataclasses.dataclass(kw_only=True)
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ParsedEnvironment:
    assignments: list[EnvironmentAssignment]

@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Errors that can cause the build to fail. Each subclass of FatalError has
-a different return code, by defining them all here, we can ensure that they're
-semantically clear and unique.
-"""
-
-import textwrap
-
-
-class FatalError(BaseException):
-    """
-    Raising an error of this type will cause the message to be printed to
-    stderr and the process to be terminated. Within cibuildwheel, raising this
-    exception produces a better error message, and optional traceback.
-    """
-
-    return_code: int = 1
-
-
-class ConfigurationError(FatalError):
-    return_code = 2
-
-
-class NothingToDoError(FatalError):
-    return_code = 3
-
-
-class DeprecationError(FatalError):
-    return_code = 4
-
-
-class NonPlatformWheelError(FatalError):
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        message = textwrap.dedent(
-            """
-            Build failed because a pure Python wheel was generated.
-
-            If you intend to build a pure-Python wheel, you don't need
-            cibuildwheel - use `pip wheel .`, `pipx run build --wheel`, `uv
-            build --wheel`, etc. instead. You only need cibuildwheel if you
-            have compiled (not Python) code in your wheels making them depend
-            on the platform.
-
-            If you expected a platform wheel, check your project configuration,
-            or run cibuildwheel with CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY=1 to view build logs.
-            """
-        )
-        super().__init__(message)
-        self.return_code = 5
-
-
-class AlreadyBuiltWheelError(FatalError):
-    def __init__(self, wheel_name: str) -> None:
-        message = textwrap.dedent(
-            f"""
-            Build failed because a wheel named {wheel_name} was already generated in the current run.
-
-            If you expected another wheel to be generated, check your project configuration, or run
-            cibuildwheel with CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY=1 to view build logs.
-            """
-        )
-        super().__init__(message)
-        self.return_code = 6
-
-
-class OCIEngineTooOldError(FatalError):
-    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
-        super().__init__(message)
-        self.return_code = 7
-
-
-class RepairStepProducedNoWheelError(FatalError):
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        message = textwrap.dedent(
-            """
-            Build failed because the repair step completed successfully but
-            did not produce a wheel.
-
-            Your `repair-wheel-command` is expected to place the repaired
-            wheel in the {dest_dir} directory. See the documentation for
-            example configurations:
-
-            https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command
-            """
-        )
-        super().__init__(message)
-        self.return_code = 8
@@ -2,22 +2,18 @@
 These are utilities for the `/bin` scripts, not for the `cibuildwheel` program.
 """

-import json
-import time
-import typing
-import urllib.error
-import urllib.request
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from io import StringIO
-from typing import Any, NotRequired, Protocol
-
-from cibuildwheel import __version__ as cibw_version
+from typing import Protocol

 __all__ = ("Printable", "dump_python_configurations")


 class Printable(Protocol):
-    def __str__(self) -> str: ...
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        ...


 def dump_python_configurations(
@@ -37,65 +33,3 @@ def dump_python_configurations(
        output.write("\n")
    # Strip the final newline, to avoid two blank lines at the end.
    return output.getvalue()[:-1]
-
-
-def _json_request(request: urllib.request.Request, timeout: int = 30) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=timeout) as response:
-        return typing.cast(dict[str, Any], json.load(response))
-
-
-def github_api_request(path: str, *, max_retries: int = 3) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """
-    Makes a GitHub API request to the given path and returns the JSON response.
-    """
-    api_url = f"https://api.github.com/{path}"
-    headers = {
-        "Accept": "application/vnd.github.v3+json",
-        "User-Agent": f"cibuildwheel/{cibw_version}",
-    }
-    request = urllib.request.Request(api_url, headers=headers)
-
-    for retry_count in range(max_retries):
-        try:
-            return _json_request(request)
-        except (urllib.error.URLError, TimeoutError) as e:
-            # pylint: disable=E1101
-            if (
-                isinstance(e, urllib.error.HTTPError)
-                and (e.code == 403 or e.code == 429)
-                and e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-remaining") == "0"
-            ):
-                reset_time = int(e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-reset", 0))
-                wait_time = max(0, reset_time - int(e.headers.get("date", 0)))
-                print(f"Github rate limit exceeded. Waiting for {wait_time} seconds.")
-                time.sleep(wait_time)
-            else:
-                print(f"Retrying GitHub API request due to error: {e}")
-
-            if retry_count == max_retries - 1:
-                print(f"GitHub API request failed (Network error: {e}). Check network connection.")
-                raise e
-
-    # Should never be reached but to keep the type checker happy
-    msg = "Unexpected execution path in github_api_request"
-    raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-
-class PyodideXBuildEnvRelease(typing.TypedDict):
-    version: str
-    python_version: str
-    emscripten_version: str
-    min_pyodide_build_version: NotRequired[str]
-    max_pyodide_build_version: NotRequired[str]
-
-
-class PyodideXBuildEnvInfo(typing.TypedDict):
-    releases: dict[str, PyodideXBuildEnvRelease]
-
-
-def get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info() -> PyodideXBuildEnvInfo:
-    xbuildenv_info_url = (
-        "https://pyodide.github.io/pyodide/api/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json"
-    )
-    with urllib.request.urlopen(xbuildenv_info_url) as response:
-        return typing.cast(PyodideXBuildEnvInfo, json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8")))
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-import dataclasses
-import shlex
-import typing
-from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Literal, Self, get_args
-
-from .logger import log
-from .util.helpers import parse_key_value_string
-
-BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]"]
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
-class BuildFrontendConfig:
-    name: BuildFrontendName
-    args: Sequence[str] = ()
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self:
-        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, ["name"], ["args"])
-        name = " ".join(config_dict["name"])
-        if name not in get_args(BuildFrontendName):
-            names = ", ".join(repr(n) for n in get_args(BuildFrontendName))
-            msg = f"Unrecognised build frontend {name!r}, must be one of {names}"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-        name = typing.cast(BuildFrontendName, name)
-
-        args = config_dict.get("args") or []
-        return cls(name=name, args=args)
-
-    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
-        if not self.args:
-            return self.name
-        else:
-            return {"name": self.name, "args": repr(self.args)}
-
-
-def _get_verbosity_flags(level: int, frontend: BuildFrontendName) -> list[str]:
-    if level < 0:
-        if frontend == "pip":
-            return ["-" + -level * "q"]
-
-        msg = f"build_verbosity {level} is not supported for {frontend} frontend. Ignoring."
-        log.warning(msg)
-
-    if level > 0:
-        if frontend == "pip":
-            return ["-" + level * "v"]
-        if level > 1:
-            return ["-" + (level - 1) * "v"]
-
-    return []
-
-
-def _split_config_settings(config_settings: str) -> list[str]:
-    config_settings_list = shlex.split(config_settings)
-    return [f"-C{setting}" for setting in config_settings_list]
-
-
-def get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig, verbosity_level: int, config_settings: str
-) -> list[str]:
-    return [
-        *_split_config_settings(config_settings),
-        *build_frontend.args,
-        *_get_verbosity_flags(verbosity_level, build_frontend.name),
-    ]
@@ -1,38 +1,35 @@
-import contextlib
-import dataclasses
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
-from collections import OrderedDict
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, Set
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
-from typing import assert_never
+from typing import OrderedDict, Tuple

-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
-from ..oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
-from ..options import BuildOptions, Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.file import copy_test_sources
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
-
-ARCHITECTURE_OCI_PLATFORM_MAP = {
-    Architecture.x86_64: OCIPlatform.AMD64,
-    Architecture.i686: OCIPlatform.i386,
-    Architecture.aarch64: OCIPlatform.ARM64,
-    Architecture.ppc64le: OCIPlatform.PPC64LE,
-    Architecture.s390x: OCIPlatform.S390X,
-    Architecture.armv7l: OCIPlatform.ARMV7,
-    Architecture.riscv64: OCIPlatform.RISCV64,
-}
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
+from .architecture import Architecture
+from .logger import log
+from .oci_container import OCIContainer
+from .options import Options
+from .typing import PathOrStr
+from .util import (
+    AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildSelector,
+    NonPlatformWheelError,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
+    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
+    prepare_command,
+    read_python_configs,
+    split_config_settings,
+    test_fail_cwd_file,
+    unwrap,
+)


-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
    version: str
    identifier: str
@@ -43,24 +40,20 @@ class PythonConfiguration:
        return PurePosixPath(self.path_str)


-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class BuildStep:
    platform_configs: list[PythonConfiguration]
    platform_tag: str
-    container_engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig
    container_image: str


-def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    config_dicts = resources.read_python_configs("linux")
-    return [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in config_dicts]
-
-
 def get_python_configurations(
    build_selector: BuildSelector,
    architectures: Set[Architecture],
 ) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    python_configurations = all_python_configurations()
+    full_python_configs = read_python_configs("linux")
+
+    python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]

    # return all configurations whose arch is in our `architectures` set,
    # and match the build/skip rules
@@ -72,9 +65,8 @@ def get_python_configurations(
    ]


-def container_image_for_python_configuration(
-    config: PythonConfiguration, build_options: BuildOptions
-) -> str:
+def container_image_for_python_configuration(config: PythonConfiguration, options: Options) -> str:
+    build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
    # e.g
    # identifier is 'cp310-manylinux_x86_64'
    # platform_tag is 'manylinux_x86_64'
@@ -99,18 +91,15 @@ def get_build_steps(
    Groups PythonConfigurations into BuildSteps. Each BuildStep represents a
    separate container instance.
    """
-    steps = OrderedDict[tuple[str, str, str, OCIContainerEngineConfig], BuildStep]()
+    steps = OrderedDict[Tuple[str, str, str], BuildStep]()

    for config in python_configurations:
        _, platform_tag = config.identifier.split("-", 1)

-        build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
+        before_all = options.build_options(config.identifier).before_all
+        container_image = container_image_for_python_configuration(config, options)

-        before_all = build_options.before_all
-        container_image = container_image_for_python_configuration(config, build_options)
-        container_engine = build_options.container_engine
-
-        step_key = (platform_tag, container_image, before_all, container_engine)
+        step_key = (platform_tag, container_image, before_all)

        if step_key in steps:
            steps[step_key].platform_configs.append(config)
@@ -118,7 +107,6 @@ def get_build_steps(
            steps[step_key] = BuildStep(
                platform_configs=[config],
                platform_tag=platform_tag,
-                container_engine=container_engine,
                container_image=container_image,
            )

@@ -129,36 +117,33 @@ def check_all_python_exist(
    *, platform_configs: Iterable[PythonConfiguration], container: OCIContainer
 ) -> None:
    exist = True
-    has_manylinux_interpreters = False
+    has_manylinux_interpreters = True
    messages = []

-    with contextlib.suppress(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+    try:
        # use capture_output to keep quiet
        container.call(["manylinux-interpreters", "--help"], capture_output=True)
-        has_manylinux_interpreters = True
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+        has_manylinux_interpreters = False

    for config in platform_configs:
        python_path = config.path / "bin" / "python"
-        if has_manylinux_interpreters:
-            try:
+        try:
+            if has_manylinux_interpreters:
                container.call(["manylinux-interpreters", "ensure", config.path.name])
-            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-                messages.append(
-                    f"  'manylinux-interpreters ensure {config.path.name}' needed to build '{config.identifier}' failed in container running image '{container.image}'."
-                    " Either the installation failed or this interpreter is not available in that image. Please check the logs."
-                )
-                exist = False
-        else:
-            try:
-                container.call(["test", "-x", python_path])
-            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-                messages.append(
-                    f"  '{python_path}' executable doesn't exist in image '{container.image}' to build '{config.identifier}'."
-                )
-                exist = False
+            container.call(["test", "-x", python_path])
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+            messages.append(
+                f"  '{python_path}' executable doesn't exist in image '{container.image}' to build '{config.identifier}'."
+            )
+            exist = False
    if not exist:
        message = "\n".join(messages)
-        raise errors.FatalError(message)
+        print(
+            f"cibuildwheel:\n{message}",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)


 def build_in_container(
@@ -168,7 +153,6 @@ def build_in_container(
    container: OCIContainer,
    container_project_path: PurePath,
    container_package_dir: PurePath,
-    local_tmp_dir: Path,
 ) -> None:
    container_output_dir = PurePosixPath("/output")

@@ -184,7 +168,7 @@ def build_in_container(
        log.step("Running before_all...")

        env = container.get_environment()
-        env["PATH"] = f"/opt/python/cp39-cp39/bin:{env['PATH']}"
+        env["PATH"] = f'/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin:{env["PATH"]}'
        env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
        env["PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION"] = "ignore"
        env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(
@@ -202,50 +186,48 @@ def build_in_container(

    for config in platform_configs:
        log.build_start(config.identifier)
-        local_identifier_tmp_dir = local_tmp_dir / config.identifier
        build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-        build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
-        use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]"
-        pip = ["uv", "pip"] if use_uv else ["pip"]
-
-        log.step("Setting up build environment...")
+        build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")

        dependency_constraint_flags: list[PathOrStr] = []
-        local_constraints_file = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-            version=config.version,
-            tmp_dir=local_identifier_tmp_dir,
-        )
-        if local_constraints_file:
+
+        if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+            constraints_file = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                config.version
+            )
            container_constraints_file = PurePosixPath("/constraints.txt")
-            container.copy_into(local_constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
+
+            container.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
            dependency_constraint_flags = ["-c", container_constraints_file]

+        log.step("Setting up build environment...")
+
        env = container.get_environment()
        env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
        env["PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION"] = "ignore"

        # put this config's python top of the list
        python_bin = config.path / "bin"
-        env["PATH"] = f"{python_bin}:{env['PATH']}"
+        env["PATH"] = f'{python_bin}:{env["PATH"]}'

        env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(env, executor=container.environment_executor)

        # check config python is still on PATH
        which_python = container.call(["which", "python"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
        if PurePosixPath(which_python) != python_bin / "python":
-            msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
-            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+            print(
+                "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)

-        if use_uv:
-            which_uv = container.call(["which", "uv"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
-            if not which_uv:
-                msg = "uv not found on PATH. You must use a supported manylinux or musllinux environment with uv."
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-        else:
-            which_pip = container.call(["which", "pip"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
-            if PurePosixPath(which_pip) != python_bin / "pip":
-                msg = "pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+        which_pip = container.call(["which", "pip"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
+        if PurePosixPath(which_pip) != python_bin / "pip":
+            print(
+                "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)

        compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
        if compatible_wheel:
@@ -271,11 +253,11 @@ def build_in_container(
            container.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])

-            extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
-            )
+            extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name)
+            extra_flags += build_frontend.args

            if build_frontend.name == "pip":
+                extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                container.call(
                    [
                        "python",
@@ -289,9 +271,10 @@ def build_in_container(
                    ],
                    env=env,
                )
-            elif build_frontend.name == "build" or build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
-                if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
-                    extra_flags += ["--installer=uv"]
+            elif build_frontend.name == "build":
+                if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
+                    msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
+                    log.warning(msg)
                container.call(
                    [
                        "python",
@@ -314,7 +297,7 @@ def build_in_container(
            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", repaired_wheel_dir])

            if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
+                raise NonPlatformWheelError()

            if build_options.repair_command:
                log.step("Repairing wheel...")
@@ -327,44 +310,26 @@ def build_in_container(

            repaired_wheels = container.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl")

-            if not repaired_wheels:
-                raise errors.RepairStepProducedNoWheelError()
-
            for repaired_wheel in repaired_wheels:
                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
-                    raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
+                    raise AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)

        if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
            log.step("Testing wheel...")

            # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
            # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-            if not use_uv:
-                container.call(
-                    ["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env
-                )
+            container.call(["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env)

            testing_temp_dir = PurePosixPath(
                container.call(["mktemp", "-d"], capture_output=True).strip()
            )
            venv_dir = testing_temp_dir / "venv"

-            if use_uv:
-                container.call(["uv", "venv", venv_dir, "--python", python_bin / "python"], env=env)
-            else:
-                # Use embedded dependencies from virtualenv to ensure determinism
-                venv_args = ["--no-periodic-update", "--pip=embed", "--no-setuptools"]
-                if "38" in config.identifier:
-                    venv_args.append("--no-wheel")
-                container.call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", *venv_args, venv_dir], env=env)
+            container.call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env)

            virtualenv_env = env.copy()
            virtualenv_env["PATH"] = f"{venv_dir / 'bin'}:{virtualenv_env['PATH']}"
-            virtualenv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_dir)
-            virtualenv_env["PYTHONSAFEPATH"] = "1"
-            virtualenv_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
-                prev_environment=virtualenv_env
-            )

            if build_options.before_test:
                before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -382,13 +347,13 @@ def build_in_container(
            # Let's just pick the first one.
            wheel_to_test = repaired_wheels[0]
            container.call(
-                [*pip, "install", str(wheel_to_test) + build_options.test_extras],
+                ["pip", "install", str(wheel_to_test) + build_options.test_extras],
                env=virtualenv_env,
            )

            # Install any requirements to run the tests
            if build_options.test_requires:
-                container.call([*pip, "install", *build_options.test_requires], env=virtualenv_env)
+                container.call(["pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires], env=virtualenv_env)

            # Run the tests from a different directory
            test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -397,21 +362,9 @@ def build_in_container(
                package=container_package_dir,
                wheel=wheel_to_test,
            )
-
            test_cwd = testing_temp_dir / "test_cwd"
            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", test_cwd])
-
-            if build_options.test_sources:
-                copy_test_sources(
-                    build_options.test_sources,
-                    build_options.package_dir,
-                    test_cwd,
-                    copy_into=container.copy_into,
-                )
-            else:
-                # Use the test_fail.py file to raise a nice error if the user
-                # tries to run tests in the cwd
-                container.copy_into(resources.TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE, test_cwd / "test_fail.py")
+            container.copy_into(test_fail_cwd_file, test_cwd / "test_fail.py")

            container.call(["sh", "-c", test_command_prepared], cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)

@@ -434,7 +387,30 @@ def build_in_container(
    log.step_end()


-def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
+    try:
+        # check the container engine is installed
+        subprocess.run(
+            [options.globals.container_engine.name, "--version"],
+            check=True,
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        )
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+        print(
+            unwrap(
+                f"""
+                cibuildwheel: {options.globals.container_engine} not found. An
+                OCI exe like Docker or Podman is required to run Linux builds.
+                If you're building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to
+                your .travis.yml. If you're building on Circle CI in Linux,
+                add a `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml.
+                If you're building on Cirrus CI, use `docker_builder` task.
+                """
+            ),
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(2)
+
    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
    )
@@ -449,38 +425,17 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
    container_package_dir = container_project_path / abs_package_dir.relative_to(cwd)

    for build_step in get_build_steps(options, python_configurations):
-        try:
-            # check the container engine is installed
-            subprocess.run(
-                [build_step.container_engine.name, "--version"],
-                check=True,
-                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-            )
-        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
-            msg = unwrap(
-                f"""
-                {build_step.container_engine.name} not found. An OCI exe like
-                Docker or Podman is required to run Linux builds. If you're
-                building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to your
-                .travis.yml. If you're building on Circle CI in Linux, add a
-                `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml. If
-                you're building on Cirrus CI, use `docker_builder` task.
-                """
-            )
-            raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from error
-
        try:
            ids_to_build = [x.identifier for x in build_step.platform_configs]
            log.step(f"Starting container image {build_step.container_image}...")

            print(f"info: This container will host the build for {', '.join(ids_to_build)}...")
-            architecture = Architecture(build_step.platform_tag.split("_", 1)[1])

            with OCIContainer(
                image=build_step.container_image,
-                oci_platform=ARCHITECTURE_OCI_PLATFORM_MAP[architecture],
+                enforce_32_bit=build_step.platform_tag.endswith("i686"),
                cwd=container_project_path,
-                engine=build_step.container_engine,
+                engine=options.globals.container_engine,
            ) as container:
                build_in_container(
                    options=options,
@@ -488,13 +443,14 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                    container=container,
                    container_project_path=container_project_path,
                    container_package_dir=container_package_dir,
-                    local_tmp_dir=tmp_path,
                )

        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
+            log.step_end_with_error(
+                f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout}"
+            )
            troubleshoot(options, error)
-            msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
-            raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error
+            sys.exit(1)


 def _matches_prepared_command(error_cmd: Sequence[str], command_template: str) -> bool:
@@ -513,6 +469,7 @@ def troubleshoot(options: Options, error: Exception) -> None:
        )  # TODO allow matching of overrides too?
    ):
        # the wheel build step or the repair step failed
+        print("Checking for common errors...")
        so_files = list(options.globals.package_dir.glob("**/*.so"))

        if so_files:
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import codecs
 import os
 import re
 import sys
 import time
-from typing import IO, AnyStr, Final
+from typing import IO, AnyStr, Final, Tuple

-from .ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
+from .util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider

-FoldPattern = tuple[str, str]
+FoldPattern = Tuple[str, str]
 DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN: Final[FoldPattern] = ("{name}", "")
 FOLD_PATTERNS: Final[dict[str, FoldPattern]] = {
    "azure": ("##[group]{name}", "##[endgroup]"),
@@ -21,54 +23,20 @@ PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS: Final[dict[str, str]] = {
    "manylinux_aarch64": "manylinux aarch64",
    "manylinux_ppc64le": "manylinux ppc64le",
    "manylinux_s390x": "manylinux s390x",
-    "manylinux_armv7l": "manylinux armv7l",
-    "manylinux_riscv64": "manylinux riscv64",
    "musllinux_x86_64": "musllinux x86_64",
    "musllinux_i686": "musllinux i686",
    "musllinux_aarch64": "musllinux aarch64",
    "musllinux_ppc64le": "musllinux ppc64le",
-    "musllinux_s390x": "musllinux s390x",
-    "musllinux_armv7l": "musllinux armv7l",
-    "musllinux_riscv64": "musllinux riscv64",
+    "musllinux_s390x": "manylinux s390x",
    "win32": "Windows 32bit",
    "win_amd64": "Windows 64bit",
    "win_arm64": "Windows on ARM 64bit",
    "macosx_x86_64": "macOS x86_64",
    "macosx_universal2": "macOS Universal 2 - x86_64 and arm64",
    "macosx_arm64": "macOS arm64 - Apple Silicon",
-    "pyodide_wasm32": "Pyodide",
-    "ios_arm64_iphoneos": "iOS Device (ARM64)",
-    "ios_arm64_iphonesimulator": "iOS Simulator (ARM64)",
-    "ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator": "iOS Simulator (x86_64)",
 }


-class Colors:
-    def __init__(self, *, enabled: bool) -> None:
-        self.red = "\033[31m" if enabled else ""
-        self.green = "\033[32m" if enabled else ""
-        self.yellow = "\033[33m" if enabled else ""
-        self.blue = "\033[34m" if enabled else ""
-        self.cyan = "\033[36m" if enabled else ""
-        self.bright_red = "\033[91m" if enabled else ""
-        self.bright_green = "\033[92m" if enabled else ""
-        self.white = "\033[37m\033[97m" if enabled else ""
-        self.gray = "\033[38;5;244m" if enabled else ""
-
-        self.bg_grey = "\033[48;5;235m" if enabled else ""
-
-        self.bold = "\033[1m" if enabled else ""
-        self.faint = "\033[2m" if enabled else ""
-
-        self.end = "\033[0m" if enabled else ""
-
-
-class Symbols:
-    def __init__(self, *, unicode: bool) -> None:
-        self.done = "✓" if unicode else "done"
-        self.error = "✕" if unicode else "failed"
-
-
 class Logger:
    fold_mode: str
    colors_enabled: bool
@@ -164,28 +132,24 @@ class Logger:

    def notice(self, message: str) -> None:
        if self.fold_mode == "github":
-            print(f"::notice::cibuildwheel: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+            print(f"::notice::{message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
        else:
            c = self.colors
-            print(f"cibuildwheel: {c.bold}note{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+            print(f"{c.bold}Note{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)

    def warning(self, message: str) -> None:
        if self.fold_mode == "github":
-            print(f"::warning::cibuildwheel: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+            print(f"::warning::{message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
        else:
            c = self.colors
-            print(f"cibuildwheel: {c.yellow}warning{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+            print(f"{c.yellow}Warning{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)

    def error(self, error: BaseException | str) -> None:
        if self.fold_mode == "github":
-            print(f"::error::cibuildwheel: {error}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+            print(f"::error::{error}\n", file=sys.stderr)
        else:
            c = self.colors
-            print(f"cibuildwheel: {c.bright_red}error{c.end}: {error}\n", file=sys.stderr)
-
-    @property
-    def step_active(self) -> bool:
-        return self.step_start_time is not None
+            print(f"{c.bright_red}Error{c.end}: {error}\n", file=sys.stderr)

    def _start_fold_group(self, name: str) -> None:
        self._end_fold_group()
@@ -237,22 +201,17 @@ def build_description_from_identifier(identifier: str) -> str:
    build_description = ""

    python_interpreter = python_identifier[0:2]
-    version_parts = python_identifier[2:].split("_")
-    python_version = version_parts[0]
+    python_version = python_identifier[2:]

    if python_interpreter == "cp":
        build_description += "CPython"
    elif python_interpreter == "pp":
        build_description += "PyPy"
-    elif python_interpreter == "gp":
-        build_description += "GraalPy"
    else:
        msg = f"unknown python {python_interpreter!r}"
        raise Exception(msg)

    build_description += f" {python_version[0]}.{python_version[1:]} "
-    if len(version_parts) > 1:
-        build_description += f"(ABI {version_parts[1]}) "

    try:
        build_description += PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS[platform_identifier]
@@ -263,6 +222,32 @@ def build_description_from_identifier(identifier: str) -> str:
    return build_description


+class Colors:
+    def __init__(self, *, enabled: bool) -> None:
+        self.red = "\033[31m" if enabled else ""
+        self.green = "\033[32m" if enabled else ""
+        self.yellow = "\033[33m" if enabled else ""
+        self.blue = "\033[34m" if enabled else ""
+        self.cyan = "\033[36m" if enabled else ""
+        self.bright_red = "\033[91m" if enabled else ""
+        self.bright_green = "\033[92m" if enabled else ""
+        self.white = "\033[37m\033[97m" if enabled else ""
+        self.gray = "\033[38;5;244m" if enabled else ""
+
+        self.bg_grey = "\033[48;5;235m" if enabled else ""
+
+        self.bold = "\033[1m" if enabled else ""
+        self.faint = "\033[2m" if enabled else ""
+
+        self.end = "\033[0m" if enabled else ""
+
+
+class Symbols:
+    def __init__(self, *, unicode: bool) -> None:
+        self.done = "✓" if unicode else "done"
+        self.error = "✕" if unicode else "failed"
+
+
 def file_supports_color(file_obj: IO[AnyStr]) -> bool:
    """
    Returns True if the running system's terminal supports color.
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-import dataclasses
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
 import functools
-import inspect
 import os
 import platform
 import re
@@ -8,35 +9,43 @@ import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import typing
-from collections.abc import Set
+from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Literal, assert_never
+from typing import Literal, Tuple

 from filelock import FileLock
-from packaging.version import Version

-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..ci import detect_ci_provider
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
+from .architecture import Architecture
+from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from .logger import log
+from .options import Options
+from .typing import PathOrStr
+from .util import (
    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-    copy_test_sources,
+    AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildFrontendName,
+    BuildSelector,
+    NonPlatformWheelError,
+    call,
+    detect_ci_provider,
    download,
-    move_file,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
+    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
+    get_pip_version,
+    install_certifi_script,
+    prepare_command,
+    read_python_configs,
+    shell,
+    split_config_settings,
+    test_fail_cwd_file,
+    unwrap,
+    virtualenv,
 )
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv


-@functools.cache
 def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
    """
    Returns the macOS major/minor version, as a tuple, e.g. (10, 15) or (11, 0)
@@ -48,27 +57,7 @@ def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
    """
    version_str, _, _ = platform.mac_ver()
    version = tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2]))
-    if (10, 15) < version < (11, 0):
-        # When built against an older macOS SDK, Python will report macOS 10.16
-        # instead of the real version.
-        version_str = call(
-            sys.executable,
-            "-sS",
-            "-c",
-            "import platform; print(platform.mac_ver()[0])",
-            env={"SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT": "0"},
-            capture_stdout=True,
-        )
-        version = tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2]))
-    return typing.cast(tuple[int, int], version)
-
-
-@functools.cache
-def get_test_macosx_deployment_target() -> str:
-    version = get_macos_version()
-    if version >= (11, 0):
-        return f"{version[0]}.0"
-    return f"{version[0]}.{version[1]}"
+    return typing.cast(Tuple[int, int], version)


 def get_macos_sdks() -> list[str]:
@@ -76,22 +65,19 @@ def get_macos_sdks() -> list[str]:
    return [m.group(1) for m in re.finditer(r"-sdk (macosx\S+)", output)]


-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
    version: str
    identifier: str
    url: str


-def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    config_dicts = resources.read_python_configs("macos")
-    return [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in config_dicts]
-
-
 def get_python_configurations(
    build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: Set[Architecture]
 ) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    python_configurations = all_python_configurations()
+    full_python_configs = read_python_configs("macos")
+
+    python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]

    # filter out configs that don't match any of the selected architectures
    python_configurations = [
@@ -103,7 +89,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
    # skip builds as required by BUILD/SKIP
    python_configurations = [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]

-    # filter-out some cross-compilation configs with PyPy and GraalPy:
+    # filter-out some cross-compilation configs with PyPy:
    # can't build arm64 on x86_64
    # rosetta allows to build x86_64 on arm64
    if platform.machine() == "x86_64":
@@ -111,7 +97,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
        python_configurations = [
            c
            for c in python_configurations
-            if not (c.identifier.startswith(("pp", "gp")) and c.identifier.endswith("arm64"))
+            if not (c.identifier.startswith("pp") and c.identifier.endswith("arm64"))
        ]
        removed_elements = python_configurations_before - set(python_configurations)
        if removed_elements:
@@ -119,7 +105,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
            log.quiet(
                unwrap(
                    f"""
-                    Note: {ids}  {"was" if len(removed_elements) == 1 else "were"}
+                    Note: {ids}  {'was' if len(removed_elements) == 1 else 'were'}
                    selected, but can't be built on x86_64 so will be skipped automatically.
                    """
                )
@@ -128,54 +114,35 @@ def get_python_configurations(
    return python_configurations


-def install_cpython(_tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool) -> Path:
-    ft = "T" if free_threading else ""
-    installation_path = Path(f"/Library/Frameworks/Python{ft}.framework/Versions/{version}")
+def install_cpython(tmp: Path, version: str, url: str) -> Path:
+    installation_path = Path(f"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/{version}")
    with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"cpython{version}.lock"):
        installed_system_packages = call("pkgutil", "--pkgs", capture_stdout=True).splitlines()
        # if this version of python isn't installed, get it from python.org and install
-        python_package_identifier = f"org.python.Python.Python{ft}Framework-{version}"
+        python_package_identifier = f"org.python.Python.PythonFramework-{version}"
        if python_package_identifier not in installed_system_packages:
            if detect_ci_provider() is None:
                # if running locally, we don't want to install CPython with sudo
                # let the user know & provide a link to the installer
-                msg = inspect.cleandoc(
-                    f"""
-                        Error: CPython {version} is not installed.
-                        cibuildwheel will not perform system-wide installs when running outside of CI.
-                        To build locally, install CPython {version} on this machine, or, disable this
-                        version of Python using CIBW_SKIP=cp{version.replace(".", "")}-macosx_*
-                        For portable builds, cibuildwheel needs the official builds from python.org.
-                        Download link: {url}
-                    """
+                print(
+                    f"Error: CPython {version} is not installed.\n"
+                    "cibuildwheel will not perform system-wide installs when running outside of CI.\n"
+                    f"To build locally, install CPython {version} on this machine, or, disable this version of Python using CIBW_SKIP=cp{version.replace('.', '')}-macosx_*\n"
+                    f"\nDownload link: {url}",
+                    file=sys.stderr,
                )
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-            python_filename = url.split("/")[-1]
-            pkg_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "cpython-installer" / python_filename
-            if not pkg_path.exists():
-                download(url, pkg_path)
-            args = []
-            if version.startswith("3.13"):
-                # Python 3.13 is the first version to have a free-threading option
-                args += ["-applyChoiceChangesXML", str(resources.FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_313.resolve())]
-            elif version.startswith("3.14"):
-                args += ["-applyChoiceChangesXML", str(resources.FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_314.resolve())]
-            call("sudo", "installer", "-pkg", pkg_path, *args, "-target", "/")
+                raise SystemExit(1)
+            pkg_path = tmp / "Python.pkg"
+            # download the pkg
+            download(url, pkg_path)
+            # install
+            call("sudo", "installer", "-pkg", pkg_path, "-target", "/")
            pkg_path.unlink()
            env = os.environ.copy()
            env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
+            call(installation_path / "bin" / "python3", install_certifi_script, env=env)

-            if free_threading:
-                call(installation_path / f"bin/python{version}t", "-m", "ensurepip", env=env)
-                call(
-                    installation_path / f"bin/python{version}t",
-                    resources.INSTALL_CERTIFI_SCRIPT,
-                    env=env,
-                )
-            else:
-                call(installation_path / "bin/python3", resources.INSTALL_CERTIFI_SCRIPT, env=env)
-
-    return installation_path / "bin" / (f"python{version}t" if free_threading else "python3")
+    return installation_path / "bin" / "python3"


 def install_pypy(tmp: Path, url: str) -> Path:
@@ -193,61 +160,28 @@ def install_pypy(tmp: Path, url: str) -> Path:
    return installation_path / "bin" / "pypy3"


-def install_graalpy(tmp: Path, url: str) -> Path:
-    graalpy_archive = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
-    extension = ".tar.gz"
-    assert graalpy_archive.endswith(extension)
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / graalpy_archive[: -len(extension)]
-    with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
-        if not installation_path.exists():
-            downloaded_archive = tmp / graalpy_archive
-            download(url, downloaded_archive)
-            installation_path.mkdir(parents=True)
-            # GraalPy top-folder name is inconsistent with archive name
-            call("tar", "-C", installation_path, "--strip-components=1", "-xzf", downloaded_archive)
-            downloaded_archive.unlink()
-    return installation_path / "bin" / "graalpy"
-
-
 def setup_python(
    tmp: Path,
    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
-    dependency_constraint: Path | None,
+    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
    environment: ParsedEnvironment,
    build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
-) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
-    uv_path = find_uv()
-    use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]"
-
+) -> dict[str, str]:
    tmp.mkdir()
    implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
    log.step(f"Installing Python {implementation_id}...")
    if implementation_id.startswith("cp"):
-        free_threading = "t-macos" in python_configuration.identifier
-        base_python = install_cpython(
-            tmp, python_configuration.version, python_configuration.url, free_threading
-        )
-
+        base_python = install_cpython(tmp, python_configuration.version, python_configuration.url)
    elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
        base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.url)
-    elif implementation_id.startswith("gp"):
-        base_python = install_graalpy(tmp, python_configuration.url)
    else:
        msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
        raise ValueError(msg)
-    assert base_python.exists(), (
-        f"{base_python.name} not found, has {list(base_python.parent.iterdir())}"
-    )
+    assert base_python.exists()

    log.step("Setting up build environment...")
    venv_path = tmp / "venv"
-    env = virtualenv(
-        python_configuration.version,
-        base_python,
-        venv_path,
-        dependency_constraint,
-        use_uv=use_uv,
-    )
+    env = virtualenv(base_python, venv_path, dependency_constraint_flags)
    venv_bin_path = venv_path / "bin"
    assert venv_bin_path.exists()
    # Fix issue with site.py setting the wrong `sys.prefix`, `sys.exec_prefix`,
@@ -261,26 +195,45 @@ def setup_python(
    # we version pip ourselves, so we don't care about pip version checking
    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"

+    # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
+    # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip'
+    call(
+        "python",
+        "-m",
+        "pip",
+        "install",
+        "--upgrade",
+        "pip",
+        *dependency_constraint_flags,
+        env=env,
+        cwd=venv_path,
+    )
+
    # Apply our environment after pip is ready
    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)

-    # check what Python version we're on
-    which_python = call("which", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-    print(which_python)
-    if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
-        msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
-
    # check what pip version we're on
-    if not use_uv:
-        assert (venv_bin_path / "pip").exists()
-        which_pip = call("which", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-        print(which_pip)
-        if which_pip != str(venv_bin_path / "pip"):
-            msg = "pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
-            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-        call("pip", "--version", env=env)
+    assert (venv_bin_path / "pip").exists()
+    call("which", "pip", env=env)
+    call("pip", "--version", env=env)
+    which_pip = call("which", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
+    if which_pip != str(venv_bin_path / "pip"):
+        print(
+            "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # check what Python version we're on
+    call("which", "python", env=env)
+    call("python", "--version", env=env)
+    which_python = call("which", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
+    if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
+        print(
+            "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)

    config_is_arm64 = python_configuration.identifier.endswith("arm64")
    config_is_universal2 = python_configuration.identifier.endswith("universal2")
@@ -288,39 +241,23 @@ def setup_python(
    # Set MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET, if the user didn't set it.
    # For arm64, the minimal deployment target is 11.0.
    # On x86_64 (or universal2), use 10.9 as a default.
-    # CPython 3.12.6+ needs 10.13.
-    if config_is_arm64:
-        default_target = "11.0"
-    elif Version(python_configuration.version) >= Version("3.12"):
-        default_target = "10.13"
-    elif python_configuration.identifier.startswith("pp") and Version(
-        python_configuration.version
-    ) >= Version("3.9"):
-        default_target = "10.15"
-    else:
-        default_target = "10.9"
-    env.setdefault("MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", default_target)
+    # PyPy defaults to 10.7, causing inconsistencies if it's left unset.
+    env.setdefault("MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "11.0" if config_is_arm64 else "10.9")

-    # This is a floor, it can't be set lower than the default_target.
-    if Version(env["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"]) < Version(default_target):
-        log.warning(
-            f"Bumping MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET ({env['MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET']}) to the minimum required ({default_target})."
-        )
-        env["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"] = default_target
-
-    if config_is_arm64:
-        # macOS 11 is the first OS with arm64 support, so the wheels
-        # have that as a minimum.
-        env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-11.0-arm64")
-        env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch arm64")
-    elif config_is_universal2:
-        env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-10.9-universal2")
-        env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch arm64 -arch x86_64")
-    elif python_configuration.identifier.endswith("x86_64"):
-        # even on the macos11.0 Python installer, on the x86_64 side it's
-        # compatible back to 10.9.
-        env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-10.9-x86_64")
-        env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch x86_64")
+    if python_configuration.version not in {"3.6", "3.7"}:
+        if config_is_arm64:
+            # macOS 11 is the first OS with arm64 support, so the wheels
+            # have that as a minimum.
+            env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-11.0-arm64")
+            env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch arm64")
+        elif config_is_universal2:
+            env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-10.9-universal2")
+            env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch arm64 -arch x86_64")
+        elif python_configuration.identifier.endswith("x86_64"):
+            # even on the macos11.0 Python installer, on the x86_64 side it's
+            # compatible back to 10.9.
+            env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-10.9-x86_64")
+            env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch x86_64")

    building_arm64 = config_is_arm64 or config_is_universal2
    if building_arm64 and get_macos_version() < (10, 16) and "SDKROOT" not in env:
@@ -350,8 +287,10 @@ def setup_python(
            "pip",
            "install",
            "--upgrade",
+            "setuptools",
+            "wheel",
            "delocate",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
            env=env,
        )
    elif build_frontend == "build":
@@ -361,25 +300,13 @@ def setup_python(
            "--upgrade",
            "delocate",
            "build[virtualenv]",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-            env=env,
-        )
-    elif build_frontend == "build[uv]":
-        assert uv_path is not None
-        call(
-            uv_path,
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "delocate",
-            "build[virtualenv, uv]",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
            env=env,
        )
    else:
        assert_never(build_frontend)

-    return base_python, env
+    return env


 def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -407,13 +334,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:

        for config in python_configurations:
            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
-            use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]"
-            uv_path = find_uv()
-            if use_uv and uv_path is None:
-                msg = "uv not found"
-                raise AssertionError(msg)
-            pip = ["pip"] if not use_uv else [str(uv_path), "pip"]
+            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
            log.build_start(config.identifier)

            identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
@@ -424,18 +345,20 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
            config_is_arm64 = config.identifier.endswith("arm64")
            config_is_universal2 = config.identifier.endswith("universal2")

-            constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                version=config.version, tmp_dir=identifier_tmp_dir
-            )
+            dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr] = []
+            if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+                dependency_constraint_flags = [
+                    "-c",
+                    build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version),
+                ]

-            base_python, env = setup_python(
+            env = setup_python(
                identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
                config,
-                constraints_path,
+                dependency_constraint_flags,
                build_options.environment,
                build_frontend.name,
            )
-            pip_version = None if use_uv else get_pip_version(env)

            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
            if compatible_wheel:
@@ -455,19 +378,13 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                log.step("Building wheel...")
                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()

-                extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                extra_flags = split_config_settings(
+                    build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name
                )
-
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if pip_version is not None:
-                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(
-                        build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir if use_uv else None
-                    )
+                extra_flags += build_frontend.args

                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
+                    extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                    # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                    # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
                    call(
@@ -479,11 +396,21 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
                        "--no-deps",
                        *extra_flags,
-                        env=build_env,
+                        env=env,
                    )
-                elif build_frontend.name == "build" or build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
-                    if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
-                        extra_flags.append("--installer=uv")
+                elif build_frontend.name == "build":
+                    if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
+                        msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
+                        log.warning(msg)
+                    build_env = env.copy()
+                    if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+                        constraint_path = (
+                            build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                                config.version
+                            )
+                        )
+                        build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = constraint_path.as_uri()
+                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = get_pip_version(env)
                    call(
                        "python",
                        "-m",
@@ -502,7 +429,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()

                if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                    raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
+                    raise NonPlatformWheelError()

                if build_options.repair_command:
                    log.step("Repairing wheel...")
@@ -524,13 +451,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                else:
                    shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)

-                try:
-                    repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
-                except StopIteration:
-                    raise errors.RepairStepProducedNoWheelError() from None
+                repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))

                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
-                    raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
+                    raise AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)

                log.step_end()

@@ -614,13 +538,17 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                        else f"Testing wheel on {testing_arch}..."
                    )

+                    # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
+                    # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
+                    call("pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
+
+                    venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "venv-test"
+
                    arch_prefix = []
-                    uv_arch_args = []
                    if testing_arch != machine_arch:
                        if machine_arch == "arm64" and testing_arch == "x86_64":
                            # rosetta2 will provide the emulation with just the arch prefix.
                            arch_prefix = ["arch", "-x86_64"]
-                            uv_arch_args = ["--python-platform", "x86_64-apple-darwin"]
                        else:
                            msg = f"don't know how to emulate {testing_arch} on {machine_arch}"
                            raise RuntimeError(msg)
@@ -629,30 +557,16 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                    call_with_arch = functools.partial(call, *arch_prefix)
                    shell_with_arch = functools.partial(call, *arch_prefix, "/bin/sh", "-c")

-                    # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
-                    # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-                    venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / f"venv-test-{testing_arch}"
-                    virtualenv_env = virtualenv(
-                        config.version,
-                        base_python,
-                        venv_dir,
-                        None,
-                        use_uv=use_uv,
-                        env=env,
-                        pip_version=pip_version,
-                    )
-                    if use_uv:
-                        pip_install = functools.partial(call, *pip, "install", *uv_arch_args)
-                    else:
-                        pip_install = functools.partial(call_with_arch, *pip, "install")
+                    # Use --no-download to ensure determinism by using seed libraries
+                    # built into virtualenv
+                    call_with_arch("python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir, env=env)

-                    virtualenv_env["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"] = get_test_macosx_deployment_target()
-
-                    # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2358 for discussion
-                    virtualenv_env["PYTHONSAFEPATH"] = "1"
-
-                    virtualenv_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
-                        prev_environment=virtualenv_env
+                    virtualenv_env = env.copy()
+                    virtualenv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
+                        [
+                            str(venv_dir / "bin"),
+                            virtualenv_env["PATH"],
+                        ]
                    )

                    # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
@@ -667,33 +581,17 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                        shell_with_arch(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)

                    # install the wheel
-                    if is_cp38 and python_arch == "x86_64":
-                        virtualenv_env_install_wheel = virtualenv_env.copy()
-                        virtualenv_env_install_wheel["SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT"] = "0"
-                        log.notice(
-                            unwrap(
-                                """
-                                Setting SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT=0 to ensure CPython 3.8 can get
-                                correct macOS version and allow installation of wheels with
-                                MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET >= 11.0.
-                                See https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/1767 for the
-                                details.
-                                """
-                            )
-                        )
-                    else:
-                        virtualenv_env_install_wheel = virtualenv_env
-
-                    pip_install(
+                    call_with_arch(
+                        "pip",
+                        "install",
                        f"{repaired_wheel}{build_options.test_extras}",
-                        env=virtualenv_env_install_wheel,
+                        env=virtualenv_env,
                    )

                    # test the wheel
                    if build_options.test_requires:
-                        pip_install(
-                            *build_options.test_requires,
-                            env=virtualenv_env_install_wheel,
+                        call_with_arch(
+                            "pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env
                        )

                    # run the tests from a temp dir, with an absolute path in the command
@@ -701,47 +599,31 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                    # and not the repo code)
                    test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
                        build_options.test_command,
-                        project=Path.cwd(),
+                        project=Path(".").resolve(),
                        package=build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
                        wheel=repaired_wheel,
                    )

                    test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"
-
-                    if build_options.test_sources:
-                        # only create test_cwd if it doesn't already exist - it
-                        # may have been created during a previous `testing_arch`
-                        if not test_cwd.exists():
-                            test_cwd.mkdir()
-                            copy_test_sources(
-                                build_options.test_sources,
-                                build_options.package_dir,
-                                test_cwd,
-                            )
-                    else:
-                        # Use the test_fail.py file to raise a nice error if the user
-                        # tries to run tests in the cwd
-                        test_cwd.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-                        (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(
-                            resources.TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE.read_text()
-                        )
+                    test_cwd.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+                    (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(test_fail_cwd_file.read_text())

                    shell_with_arch(test_command_prepared, cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)

            # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
            if compatible_wheel is None:
-                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(repaired_wheel.name)
-                moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
-                if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
-                    log.warning(
-                        f"{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
-                    )
-                built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
+                with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+                    (build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name).unlink()
+
+                shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
+                built_wheels.append(build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name)

            # clean up
            shutil.rmtree(identifier_tmp_dir)

            log.build_end()
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
-        msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error
+        log.step_end_with_error(
+            f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout}"
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import dataclasses
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import io
 import json
 import os
@@ -7,45 +8,35 @@ import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
-import textwrap
 import typing
 import uuid
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
-from enum import Enum
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import IO, Literal, Self, assert_never
+from typing import IO, Dict, Literal

-from .ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
-from .errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
-from .logger import log
-from .typing import PathOrStr
-from .util.cmd import call
-from .util.helpers import FlexibleVersion, parse_key_value_string, strtobool
+from ._compat.typing import Self
+from .typing import PathOrStr, PopenBytes
+from .util import (
+    CIProvider,
+    call,
+    detect_ci_provider,
+    parse_key_value_string,
+    strtobool,
+)

 ContainerEngineName = Literal["docker", "podman"]


-# Order of the enum matters for tests. 386 shall appear before amd64.
-class OCIPlatform(Enum):
-    i386 = "linux/386"
-    AMD64 = "linux/amd64"
-    ARMV7 = "linux/arm/v7"
-    ARM64 = "linux/arm64"
-    PPC64LE = "linux/ppc64le"
-    RISCV64 = "linux/riscv64"
-    S390X = "linux/s390x"
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
    name: ContainerEngineName
-    _: dataclasses.KW_ONLY
-    create_args: tuple[str, ...] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=tuple)
+    create_args: Sequence[str] = ()
    disable_host_mount: bool = False

-    @classmethod
-    def from_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self:
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_config_string(config_string: str) -> OCIContainerEngineConfig:
        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(
            config_string,
            ["name"],
@@ -65,17 +56,10 @@ class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
        disable_host_mount = (
            strtobool(disable_host_mount_options[-1]) if disable_host_mount_options else False
        )
-        if "--platform" in create_args or any(arg.startswith("--platform=") for arg in create_args):
-            msg = "Using '--platform' in 'container-engine::create_args' is deprecated. It will be ignored."
-            log.warning(msg)
-            if "--platform" in create_args:
-                index = create_args.index("--platform")
-                create_args.pop(index)
-                create_args.pop(index)
-            else:
-                create_args = [arg for arg in create_args if not arg.startswith("--platform=")]

-        return cls(name=name, create_args=tuple(create_args), disable_host_mount=disable_host_mount)
+        return OCIContainerEngineConfig(
+            name=name, create_args=create_args, disable_host_mount=disable_host_mount
+        )

    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
        if not self.create_args:
@@ -91,52 +75,6 @@ class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
 DEFAULT_ENGINE = OCIContainerEngineConfig("docker")


-def _check_engine_version(engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig) -> None:
-    try:
-        version_string = call(engine.name, "version", "-f", "{{json .}}", capture_stdout=True)
-        version_info = json.loads(version_string.strip())
-        if engine.name == "docker":
-            client_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Client"]["ApiVersion"])
-            server_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Server"]["ApiVersion"])
-            # --platform support was introduced in 1.32 as experimental, 1.41 removed the experimental flag
-            version = min(client_api_version, server_api_version)
-            minimum_version = FlexibleVersion("1.41")
-            minimum_version_str = "20.10.0"  # docker version
-            error_msg = textwrap.dedent(
-                f"""
-                Build failed because {engine.name} is too old.
-
-                cibuildwheel requires {engine.name}>={minimum_version_str} running API version {minimum_version}.
-                The API version found by cibuildwheel is {version}.
-                """
-            )
-        elif engine.name == "podman":
-            # podman uses the same version string for "Version" & "ApiVersion"
-            client_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Client"]["Version"])
-            if "Server" in version_info:
-                server_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Server"]["Version"])
-            else:
-                server_version = client_version
-            # --platform support was introduced in v3
-            version = min(client_version, server_version)
-            minimum_version = FlexibleVersion("3")
-            error_msg = textwrap.dedent(
-                f"""
-                Build failed because {engine.name} is too old.
-
-                cibuildwheel requires {engine.name}>={minimum_version}.
-                The version found by cibuildwheel is {version}.
-                """
-            )
-        else:
-            assert_never(engine.name)
-        if version < minimum_version:
-            raise OCIEngineTooOldError(error_msg) from None
-    except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, KeyError, ValueError) as e:
-        msg = f"Build failed because {engine.name} is too old or is not working properly."
-        raise OCIEngineTooOldError(msg) from e
-
-
 class OCIContainer:
    """
    An object that represents a running OCI (e.g. Docker) container.
@@ -160,9 +98,9 @@ class OCIContainer:
        ...     print(self.debug_info())
    """

-    UTILITY_PYTHON = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39/bin/python"
+    UTILITY_PYTHON = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python"

-    process: subprocess.Popen[bytes]
+    process: PopenBytes
    bash_stdin: IO[bytes]
    bash_stdout: IO[bytes]

@@ -170,7 +108,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
        self,
        *,
        image: str,
-        oci_platform: OCIPlatform,
+        enforce_32_bit: bool = False,
        cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
        engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig = DEFAULT_ENGINE,
    ):
@@ -179,48 +117,14 @@ class OCIContainer:
            raise ValueError(msg)

        self.image = image
-        self.oci_platform = oci_platform
+        self.enforce_32_bit = enforce_32_bit
        self.cwd = cwd
        self.name: str | None = None
        self.engine = engine
-        self.host_tar_format = ""
-        if sys.platform.startswith("darwin"):
-            self.host_tar_format = "--format gnutar"
-
-    def _get_platform_args(self, *, oci_platform: OCIPlatform | None = None) -> tuple[str, str]:
-        if oci_platform is None:
-            oci_platform = self.oci_platform
-
-        # we need '--pull=always' otherwise some images with the wrong platform get reused (e.g. 386 image for amd64)
-        # c.f. https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/48197#issuecomment-2282802313
-        pull = "always"
-        try:
-            image_platform = call(
-                self.engine.name,
-                "image",
-                "inspect",
-                self.image,
-                "--format",
-                (
-                    "{{.Os}}/{{.Architecture}}/{{.Variant}}"
-                    if len(oci_platform.value.split("/")) == 3
-                    else "{{.Os}}/{{.Architecture}}"
-                ),
-                capture_stdout=True,
-            ).strip()
-            if image_platform == oci_platform.value:
-                # in case the correct image is already present, don't pull
-                # this allows to run local only images
-                pull = "never"
-        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-            pass
-        return f"--platform={oci_platform.value}", f"--pull={pull}"

    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
        self.name = f"cibuildwheel-{uuid.uuid4()}"

-        _check_engine_version(self.engine)
-
        # work-around for Travis-CI PPC64le Docker runs since 2021:
        # this avoids network splits
        # https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/904
@@ -229,30 +133,15 @@ class OCIContainer:
        if detect_ci_provider() == CIProvider.travis_ci and platform.machine() == "ppc64le":
            network_args = ["--network=host"]

-        platform_args = self._get_platform_args()
-
        simulate_32_bit = False
-        if self.oci_platform in {OCIPlatform.i386, OCIPlatform.ARMV7}:
+        if self.enforce_32_bit:
            # If the architecture running the image is already the right one
            # or the image entrypoint takes care of enforcing this, then we don't need to
            # simulate this
-            run_cmd = [self.engine.name, "run", "--rm"]
-            ctr_cmd = ["uname", "-m"]
-            try:
-                container_machine = call(
-                    *run_cmd, *platform_args, self.image, *ctr_cmd, capture_stdout=True
-                ).strip()
-            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-                if self.oci_platform == OCIPlatform.i386:
-                    # The image might have been built with amd64 architecture
-                    # Let's try that
-                    platform_args = self._get_platform_args(oci_platform=OCIPlatform.AMD64)
-                    container_machine = call(
-                        *run_cmd, *platform_args, self.image, *ctr_cmd, capture_stdout=True
-                    ).strip()
-                else:
-                    raise
-            simulate_32_bit = container_machine not in {"i686", "armv7l", "armv8l"}
+            container_machine = call(
+                self.engine.name, "run", "--rm", self.image, "uname", "-m", capture_stdout=True
+            ).strip()
+            simulate_32_bit = container_machine != "i686"

        shell_args = ["linux32", "/bin/bash"] if simulate_32_bit else ["/bin/bash"]

@@ -266,7 +155,6 @@ class OCIContainer:
                "--interactive",
                *(["--volume=/:/host"] if not self.engine.disable_host_mount else []),
                *network_args,
-                *platform_args,
                *self.engine.create_args,
                self.image,
                *shell_args,
@@ -333,17 +221,21 @@ class OCIContainer:
            self.name = None

    def copy_into(self, from_path: Path, to_path: PurePath) -> None:
+        # `docker cp` causes 'no space left on device' error when
+        # a container is running and the host filesystem is
+        # mounted. https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/38995
+        # Use `docker exec` instead.
+
        if from_path.is_dir():
            self.call(["mkdir", "-p", to_path])
            subprocess.run(
-                f"tar -c {self.host_tar_format} -f - . | {self.engine.name} exec -i {self.name} tar --no-same-owner -xC {shell_quote(to_path)} -f -",
+                f"tar cf - . | {self.engine.name} exec -i {self.name} tar --no-same-owner -xC {shell_quote(to_path)} -f -",
                shell=True,
                check=True,
                cwd=from_path,
            )
        else:
            exec_process: subprocess.Popen[bytes]
-            self.call(["mkdir", "-p", to_path.parent])
            with subprocess.Popen(
                [
                    self.engine.name,
@@ -358,7 +250,8 @@ class OCIContainer:
            ) as exec_process:
                assert exec_process.stdin
                with open(from_path, "rb") as from_file:
-                    shutil.copyfileobj(from_file, exec_process.stdin)
+                    # Bug in mypy, https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/15031
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(from_file, exec_process.stdin)  # type: ignore[misc]

                exec_process.stdin.close()
                exec_process.wait()
@@ -371,7 +264,30 @@ class OCIContainer:
    def copy_out(self, from_path: PurePath, to_path: Path) -> None:
        # note: we assume from_path is a dir
        to_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-        call(self.engine.name, "cp", f"{self.name}:{from_path}/.", to_path)
+
+        if self.engine.name == "podman":
+            subprocess.run(
+                [
+                    self.engine.name,
+                    "cp",
+                    f"{self.name}:{from_path}/.",
+                    str(to_path),
+                ],
+                check=True,
+                cwd=to_path,
+            )
+        elif self.engine.name == "docker":
+            # There is a bug in docker that prevents a simple 'cp' invocation
+            # from working https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/38995
+            command = f"{self.engine.name} exec -i {self.name} tar -cC {shell_quote(from_path)} -f - . | tar -xf -"
+            subprocess.run(
+                command,
+                shell=True,
+                check=True,
+                cwd=to_path,
+            )
+        else:
+            raise KeyError(self.engine.name)

    def glob(self, path: PurePosixPath, pattern: str) -> list[PurePosixPath]:
        glob_pattern = path.joinpath(pattern)
@@ -482,7 +398,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
                capture_output=True,
            )
        )
-        return typing.cast(dict[str, str], env)
+        return typing.cast(Dict[str, str], env)

    def environment_executor(self, command: Sequence[str], environment: dict[str, str]) -> str:
        # used as an EnvironmentExecutor to evaluate commands and capture output
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from collections.abc import Sequence
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Final, Protocol
-
-from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from cibuildwheel.platforms import ios, linux, macos, pyodide, windows
-from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from cibuildwheel.typing import GenericPythonConfiguration, PlatformName
-
-
-class PlatformModule(Protocol):
-    # note that as per PEP544, the self argument is ignored when the protocol
-    # is applied to a module
-    def all_python_configurations(self) -> Sequence[GenericPythonConfiguration]: ...
-
-    def get_python_configurations(
-        self, build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: set[Architecture]
-    ) -> Sequence[GenericPythonConfiguration]: ...
-
-    def build(self, options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None: ...
-
-
-ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES: Final[dict[PlatformName, PlatformModule]] = {
-    "linux": linux,
-    "windows": windows,
-    "macos": macos,
-    "pyodide": pyodide,
-    "ios": ios,
-}
-
-
-def get_build_identifiers(
-    platform_module: PlatformModule,
-    build_selector: BuildSelector,
-    architectures: set[Architecture],
-) -> list[str]:
-    python_configurations = platform_module.get_python_configurations(build_selector, architectures)
-    return [config.identifier for config in python_configurations]
@@ -1,693 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import dataclasses
-import os
-import shlex
-import shutil
-import subprocess
-import sys
-import textwrap
-from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import assert_never
-
-from filelock import FileLock
-
-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import (
-    BuildFrontendConfig,
-    BuildFrontendName,
-    get_build_frontend_extra_flags,
-)
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-    copy_test_sources,
-    download,
-    move_file,
-)
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import (
-    combine_constraints,
-    find_compatible_wheel,
-    get_pip_version,
-)
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
-from .macos import install_cpython as install_build_cpython
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
-class PythonConfiguration:
-    version: str
-    identifier: str
-    url: str
-    build_url: str
-
-    @property
-    def sdk(self) -> str:
-        return self.multiarch.rsplit("-", 1)[1]
-
-    @property
-    def arch(self) -> str:
-        return self.multiarch.rsplit("-", 1)[0]
-
-    @property
-    def multiarch(self) -> str:
-        # The multiarch identifier, as reported by `sys.implementation._multiarch`
-        return "-".join(self.identifier.split("-ios_")[1].rsplit("_", 1))
-
-    @property
-    def is_simulator(self) -> bool:
-        return self.identifier.endswith("_iphonesimulator")
-
-    @property
-    def xcframework_slice(self) -> str:
-        "XCframeworks include binaries for multiple ABIs; which ABI section should be used?"
-        return "ios-arm64_x86_64-simulator" if self.is_simulator else "ios-arm64"
-
-
-def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    # iOS builds are always cross builds; we need to install a macOS Python as
-    # well. Rather than duplicate the location of the URL of macOS installers,
-    # load the macos configurations, determine the macOS configuration that
-    # matches the platform we're building, and embed that URL in the parsed iOS
-    # configuration.
-    macos_python_configs = resources.read_python_configs("macos")
-
-    def build_url(config_dict: dict[str, str]) -> str:
-        # The iOS identifier will be something like cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos.
-        # Drop the iphoneos suffix, then replace ios with macosx to yield
-        # cp313-macosx_arm64, which will be a macOS build identifier.
-        modified_ios_identifier = config_dict["identifier"].rsplit("_", 1)[0]
-        macos_identifier = modified_ios_identifier.replace("ios", "macosx")
-        matching = [
-            config for config in macos_python_configs if config["identifier"] == macos_identifier
-        ]
-        return matching[0]["url"]
-
-    # Load the platform configuration
-    full_python_configs = resources.read_python_configs("ios")
-    # Build the configurations, annotating with macOS URL details.
-    return [
-        PythonConfiguration(
-            **item,
-            build_url=build_url(item),
-        )
-        for item in full_python_configs
-    ]
-
-
-def get_python_configurations(
-    build_selector: BuildSelector,
-    architectures: Set[Architecture],
-) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    python_configurations = all_python_configurations()
-
-    # Filter out configs that don't match any of the selected architectures
-    python_configurations = [
-        c
-        for c in python_configurations
-        if any(c.identifier.endswith(f"-ios_{a.value}") for a in architectures)
-    ]
-
-    # Skip builds as required by BUILD/SKIP
-    python_configurations = [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]
-
-    return python_configurations
-
-
-def install_target_cpython(tmp: Path, config: PythonConfiguration, free_threading: bool) -> Path:
-    if free_threading:
-        msg = "Free threading builds aren't available for iOS (yet)"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-    # Install an iOS build of CPython
-    ios_python_tar_gz = config.url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
-    extension = ".tar.gz"
-    assert ios_python_tar_gz.endswith(extension)
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / ios_python_tar_gz[: -len(extension)]
-    with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
-        if not installation_path.exists():
-            downloaded_tar_gz = tmp / ios_python_tar_gz
-            download(config.url, downloaded_tar_gz)
-            installation_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            call("tar", "-C", installation_path, "-xf", downloaded_tar_gz)
-            downloaded_tar_gz.unlink()
-
-    return installation_path
-
-
-def cross_virtualenv(
-    *,
-    py_version: str,
-    target_python: Path,
-    multiarch: str,
-    build_python: Path,
-    venv_path: Path,
-    dependency_constraint: Path | None,
-    xbuild_tools: Sequence[str] | None,
-) -> dict[str, str]:
-    """Create a cross-compilation virtual environment.
-
-    In a cross-compilation environment, the *target* is the platform where the
-    code will ultimately run, and the *build* is the platform where you're
-    running the compilation. When building iOS wheels, iOS is the target machine
-    and macOS is the build machine. The terminology around these machines varies
-    between build tools (configure uses "host" and "build"; cmake uses "target" and
-    "build host").
-
-    A cross-compilation virtualenv is an environment that is based on the
-    *build* python (so that binaries can execute); but it modifies the
-    environment at startup so that any request for platform details (such as
-    `sys.platform` or `sysconfig.get_platform()`) return details of the target
-    platform. It also applies a loader patch so that any virtualenv created by
-    the cross-compilation environment will also be a cross-compilation
-    environment.
-
-    :param py_version: The Python version (major.minor) in use
-    :param target_python: The path to the python binary for the target platform
-    :param multiarch: The multiarch tag for the target platform (i.e., the value
-        of `sys.implementation._multiarch`)
-    :param build_python: The path to the python binary for the build platform
-    :param venv_path: The path where the cross virtual environment should be
-        created.
-    :param dependency_constraint: A path to a constraint file that should be
-        used when constraining dependencies in the environment.
-    :param xbuild_tools: A list of executable names (without paths) that are
-        on the path, but must be preserved in the cross environment.
-    """
-    # Create an initial macOS virtual environment
-    env = virtualenv(
-        py_version,
-        build_python,
-        venv_path,
-        dependency_constraint,
-        use_uv=False,
-    )
-
-    # Convert the macOS virtual environment into an iOS virtual environment
-    # using the cross-platform conversion script in the iOS distribution.
-
-    # target_python is the path to the Python binary;
-    # determine the root of the XCframework slice that is being used.
-    slice_path = target_python.parent.parent
-    call(
-        "python",
-        str(slice_path / f"platform-config/{multiarch}/make_cross_venv.py"),
-        str(venv_path),
-        env=env,
-        cwd=venv_path,
-    )
-
-    # When running on macOS, it's easy for the build environment to leak into
-    # the target environment, especially when building for ARM64 (because the
-    # build architecture is the same as the target architecture). The primary
-    # culprit for this is Homebrew libraries leaking in as dependencies for iOS
-    # libraries.
-    #
-    # To prevent problems, set the PATH to isolate the build environment from
-    # sources that could introduce incompatible binaries.
-    #
-    # However, there may be some tools on the path that are needed for the
-    # build. Find their location on the path, and link the underlying binaries
-    # (fully resolving symlinks) to a "safe" location that will *only* contain
-    # those tools. This avoids needing to add *all* of Homebrew to the path just
-    # to get access to (for example) cmake for build purposes. A value of None
-    # means the user hasn't provided a list of xbuild tools.
-    xbuild_tools_path = venv_path / "cibw_xbuild_tools"
-    xbuild_tools_path.mkdir()
-    if xbuild_tools is None:
-        log.warning(
-            textwrap.dedent(
-                """
-                Your project configuration does not define any cross-build tools.
-
-                iOS builds use an isolated build environment; if your build process requires any
-                third-party tools (such as cmake, ninja, or rustc), you must explicitly declare
-                that those tools are required using xbuild-tools/CIBW_XBUILD_TOOLS. This will
-                likely manifest as a "somebuildtool: command not found" error.
-
-                If the build succeeds, you can silence this warning by setting adding
-                `xbuild-tools = []` to your pyproject.toml configuration, or exporting
-                CIBW_XBUILD_TOOLS as an empty string into your environment.
-                """
-            )
-        )
-    else:
-        for tool in xbuild_tools:
-            tool_path = shutil.which(tool)
-            if tool_path is None:
-                msg = f"Could not find a {tool!r} executable on the path."
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-            # Link the binary into the safe tools directory
-            original = Path(tool_path).resolve()
-            print(f"{tool!r} will be included in the cross-build environment (using {original})")
-            (xbuild_tools_path / tool).symlink_to(original)
-
-    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
-        [
-            # The target python's binary directory
-            str(target_python.parent),
-            # The cross-platform environment's binary directory
-            str(venv_path / "bin"),
-            # The directory of cross-build tools
-            str(xbuild_tools_path),
-            # The bare minimum Apple system paths.
-            "/usr/bin",
-            "/bin",
-            "/usr/sbin",
-            "/sbin",
-            "/Library/Apple/usr/bin",
-        ]
-    )
-    # Also unset DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH to ensure that no macOS libraries will be
-    # found and linked.
-    env.pop("DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH", None)
-
-    return env
-
-
-def setup_python(
-    tmp: Path,
-    *,
-    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
-    dependency_constraint: Path | None,
-    environment: ParsedEnvironment,
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
-    xbuild_tools: Sequence[str] | None,
-) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
-    if build_frontend == "build[uv]":
-        msg = "uv doesn't support iOS"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-    # An iOS environment requires 2 python installs - one for the build machine
-    # (macOS), and one for the target (iOS). We'll only ever interact with the
-    # *target* python, but the build Python needs to exist to act as the base
-    # for a cross venv.
-    tmp.mkdir()
-    implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
-    log.step(f"Installing Build Python {implementation_id}...")
-    if implementation_id.startswith("cp"):
-        free_threading = "t-ios" in python_configuration.identifier
-        build_python = install_build_cpython(
-            tmp,
-            python_configuration.version,
-            python_configuration.build_url,
-            free_threading,
-        )
-    else:
-        msg = f"Unknown Python implementation: {implementation_id}"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-    assert build_python.exists(), (
-        f"{build_python.name} not found, has {list(build_python.parent.iterdir())}"
-    )
-
-    log.step(f"Installing Target Python {implementation_id}...")
-    target_install_path = install_target_cpython(tmp, python_configuration, free_threading)
-    target_python = (
-        target_install_path
-        / "Python.xcframework"
-        / python_configuration.xcframework_slice
-        / "bin"
-        / f"python{python_configuration.version}"
-    )
-
-    assert target_python.exists(), (
-        f"{target_python.name} not found, has {list(target_install_path.iterdir())}"
-    )
-
-    log.step("Creating cross build environment...")
-
-    venv_path = tmp / "venv"
-    env = cross_virtualenv(
-        py_version=python_configuration.version,
-        target_python=target_python,
-        multiarch=python_configuration.multiarch,
-        build_python=build_python,
-        venv_path=venv_path,
-        dependency_constraint=dependency_constraint,
-        xbuild_tools=xbuild_tools,
-    )
-    venv_bin_path = venv_path / "bin"
-    assert venv_bin_path.exists()
-
-    # We version pip ourselves, so we don't care about pip version checking
-    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
-
-    # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
-    # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip'
-    pip = ["python", "-m", "pip"]
-    call(
-        *pip,
-        "install",
-        "--upgrade",
-        "pip",
-        *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-        env=env,
-        cwd=venv_path,
-    )
-
-    # Apply our environment after pip is ready
-    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
-
-    # Check what Python version we're on
-    which_python = call("which", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-    print(which_python)
-    if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
-        msg = (
-            "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. "
-            "If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's "
-            "entry or insert python above it."
-        )
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
-
-    # Check what pip version we're on
-    assert (venv_bin_path / "pip").exists()
-    which_pip = call("which", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-    print(which_pip)
-    if which_pip != str(venv_bin_path / "pip"):
-        msg = (
-            "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. "
-            "If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's "
-            "entry or insert pip above it."
-        )
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("pip", "--version", env=env)
-
-    # Ensure that IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET is set in the environment
-    env.setdefault("IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "13.0")
-
-    log.step("Installing build tools...")
-    if build_frontend == "pip":
-        # No additional build tools required
-        pass
-    elif build_frontend == "build":
-        call(
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "build[virtualenv]",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-            env=env,
-        )
-    else:
-        assert_never(build_frontend)
-
-    return target_install_path, env
-
-
-def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    if sys.platform != "darwin":
-        msg = "iOS binaries can only be built on macOS"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
-        build_selector=options.globals.build_selector,
-        architectures=options.globals.architectures,
-    )
-
-    if not python_configurations:
-        return
-
-    try:
-        before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
-        before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
-
-        if before_all_options.before_all:
-            log.step("Running before_all...")
-            env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=os.environ)
-            env.setdefault("IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "13.0")
-            before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
-                before_all_options.before_all,
-                project=".",
-                package=before_all_options.package_dir,
-            )
-            shell(before_all_prepared, env=env)
-
-        built_wheels: list[Path] = []
-
-        for config in python_configurations:
-            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
-            # uv doesn't support iOS
-            if build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
-                msg = "uv doesn't support iOS"
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-            log.build_start(config.identifier)
-
-            identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
-            identifier_tmp_dir.mkdir()
-            built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
-
-            constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                version=config.version, tmp_dir=identifier_tmp_dir
-            )
-
-            target_install_path, env = setup_python(
-                identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
-                python_configuration=config,
-                dependency_constraint=constraints_path,
-                environment=build_options.environment,
-                build_frontend=build_frontend.name,
-                xbuild_tools=build_options.xbuild_tools,
-            )
-            pip_version = get_pip_version(env)
-
-            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
-            if compatible_wheel:
-                log.step_end()
-                print(
-                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name} "
-                    f"that is compatible with {config.identifier}. "
-                    "Skipping build step..."
-                )
-                test_wheel = compatible_wheel
-            else:
-                if build_options.before_build:
-                    log.step("Running before_build...")
-                    before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.before_build,
-                        project=".",
-                        package=build_options.package_dir,
-                    )
-                    shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
-
-                log.step("Building wheel...")
-                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
-
-                extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
-                )
-
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, None)
-
-                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
-                    # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to
-                    # fetch package from pypi.org. See
-                    # https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "pip",
-                        "wheel",
-                        build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
-                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        "--no-deps",
-                        *extra_flags,
-                        env=build_env,
-                    )
-                elif build_frontend.name == "build":
-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "build",
-                        build_options.package_dir,
-                        "--wheel",
-                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        *extra_flags,
-                        env=build_env,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    assert_never(build_frontend)
-
-                test_wheel = built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
-
-                if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                    raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
-
-                log.step_end()
-
-            if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
-                if not config.is_simulator:
-                    log.step("Skipping tests on non-simulator SDK")
-                elif config.arch != os.uname().machine:
-                    log.step("Skipping tests on non-native simulator architecture")
-                else:
-                    test_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
-                        prev_environment=build_env
-                    )
-
-                    if build_options.before_test:
-                        before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
-                            build_options.before_test,
-                            project=".",
-                            package=build_options.package_dir,
-                        )
-                        shell(before_test_prepared, env=test_env)
-
-                    log.step("Setting up test harness...")
-                    # Clone the testbed project into the build directory
-                    testbed_path = identifier_tmp_dir / "testbed"
-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        target_install_path / "testbed",
-                        "clone",
-                        testbed_path,
-                        env=test_env,
-                    )
-
-                    testbed_app_path = testbed_path / "iOSTestbed" / "app"
-
-                    # Copy the test sources to the testbed app
-                    if build_options.test_sources:
-                        copy_test_sources(
-                            build_options.test_sources,
-                            build_options.package_dir,
-                            testbed_app_path,
-                        )
-                    else:
-                        (testbed_app_path / "test_fail.py").write_text(
-                            resources.TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE.read_text()
-                        )
-
-                    log.step("Installing test requirements...")
-                    # Install the compiled wheel (with any test extras), plus
-                    # the test requirements. Use the --platform tag to force
-                    # the installation of iOS wheels; this requires the use of
-                    # --only-binary=:all:
-                    ios_version = test_env["IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"]
-                    platform_tag = f"ios_{ios_version.replace('.', '_')}_{config.arch}_{config.sdk}"
-
-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "pip",
-                        "install",
-                        "--only-binary=:all:",
-                        "--platform",
-                        platform_tag,
-                        "--target",
-                        testbed_path / "iOSTestbed" / "app_packages",
-                        f"{test_wheel}{build_options.test_extras}",
-                        *build_options.test_requires,
-                        env=test_env,
-                    )
-
-                    log.step("Running test suite...")
-
-                    # iOS doesn't support placeholders in the test command,
-                    # because the source dir isn't visible on the simulator.
-                    if (
-                        "{project}" in build_options.test_command
-                        or "{package}" in build_options.test_command
-                    ):
-                        msg = unwrap_preserving_paragraphs(
-                            f"""
-                            iOS tests configured with a test command that uses the "{{project}}" or
-                            "{{package}}" placeholder. iOS tests cannot use placeholders, because the
-                            source directory is not visible on the simulator.
-
-                            In addition, iOS tests must run as a Python module, so the test command
-                            must begin with 'python -m'.
-
-                            Test command: {build_options.test_command!r}
-                            """
-                        )
-                        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-                    test_command_parts = shlex.split(build_options.test_command)
-                    if test_command_parts[0:2] != ["python", "-m"]:
-                        first_part = test_command_parts[0]
-                        if first_part == "pytest":
-                            # pytest works exactly the same as a module, so we
-                            # can just run it as a module.
-                            log.warning(
-                                unwrap_preserving_paragraphs(f"""
-                                    iOS tests configured with a test command which doesn't start
-                                    with 'python -m'. iOS tests must execute python modules - other
-                                    entrypoints are not supported.
-
-                                    cibuildwheel will try to execute it as if it started with
-                                    'python -m'. If this works, all you need to do is add that to
-                                    your test command.
-
-                                    Test command: {build_options.test_command!r}
-                                """)
-                            )
-                        else:
-                            msg = unwrap_preserving_paragraphs(
-                                f"""
-                                    iOS tests configured with a test command which doesn't start
-                                    with 'python -m'. iOS tests must execute python modules - other
-                                    entrypoints are not supported.
-
-                                    Test command: {build_options.test_command!r}
-                                """
-                            )
-                            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-                    else:
-                        # the testbed run command actually doesn't want the
-                        # python -m prefix - it's implicit, so we remove it
-                        # here.
-                        test_command_parts = test_command_parts[2:]
-
-                    try:
-                        call(
-                            "python",
-                            testbed_path,
-                            "run",
-                            *(["--verbose"] if build_options.build_verbosity > 0 else []),
-                            "--",
-                            *test_command_parts,
-                            env=test_env,
-                        )
-                        failed = False
-                    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-                        failed = True
-
-                    log.step_end(success=not failed)
-
-                    if failed:
-                        log.error(f"Test suite failed on {config.identifier}")
-                        sys.exit(1)
-
-            # We're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
-            if compatible_wheel is None:
-                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(built_wheel.name)
-                moved_wheel = move_file(built_wheel, output_wheel)
-                if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
-                    log.warning(
-                        f"{built_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
-                    )
-                built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
-
-            # Clean up
-            shutil.rmtree(identifier_tmp_dir)
-
-            log.build_end()
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
-        msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error
@@ -1,553 +0,0 @@
-import dataclasses
-import functools
-import json
-import os
-import shutil
-import sys
-import tomllib
-import typing
-from collections.abc import Set
-from pathlib import Path
-from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
-from typing import Final, TypedDict
-
-from filelock import FileLock
-
-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-    copy_test_sources,
-    download,
-    extract_tar,
-    extract_zip,
-    move_file,
-)
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..util.python_build_standalone import (
-    PythonBuildStandaloneError,
-    create_python_build_standalone_environment,
-)
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
-
-IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
-class PythonConfiguration:
-    version: str
-    identifier: str
-    default_pyodide_version: str
-    node_version: str
-
-
-class PyodideXBuildEnvInfoVersionRange(TypedDict):
-    min: str | None
-    max: str | None
-
-
-class PyodideXBuildEnvInfo(TypedDict):
-    version: str
-    python: str
-    emscripten: str
-    pyodide_build: PyodideXBuildEnvInfoVersionRange
-    compatible: bool
-
-
-@functools.cache
-def ensure_node(major_version: str) -> Path:
-    with resources.NODEJS.open("rb") as f:
-        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
-    version = str(loaded_file[major_version])
-    base_url = str(loaded_file["url"])
-    ext = "zip" if IS_WIN else "tar.xz"
-    platform = "win" if IS_WIN else ("darwin" if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") else "linux")
-    linux_arch = Architecture.native_arch("linux")
-    assert linux_arch is not None
-    arch = {"x86_64": "x64", "i686": "x86", "aarch64": "arm64"}.get(
-        linux_arch.value, linux_arch.value
-    )
-    name = f"node-{version}-{platform}-{arch}"
-    path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / name
-    with FileLock(str(path) + ".lock"):
-        if not path.exists():
-            url = f"{base_url}{version}/{name}.{ext}"
-            with TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_path:
-                archive = Path(tmp_path) / f"{name}.{ext}"
-                download(url, archive)
-                if ext == "zip":
-                    extract_zip(archive, path.parent)
-                else:
-                    extract_tar(archive, path.parent)
-    assert path.exists()
-    if not IS_WIN:
-        return path / "bin"
-    return path
-
-
-def install_emscripten(tmp: Path, version: str) -> Path:
-    url = f"https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk/archive/refs/tags/{version}.zip"
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"emsdk-{version}"
-    emsdk_path = installation_path / f"emsdk-{version}/emsdk"
-    emcc_path = installation_path / f"emsdk-{version}/upstream/emscripten/emcc"
-    with FileLock(f"{installation_path}.lock"):
-        if installation_path.exists():
-            return emcc_path
-        emsdk_zip = tmp / "emsdk.zip"
-        download(url, emsdk_zip)
-        installation_path.mkdir()
-        extract_zip(emsdk_zip, installation_path)
-        call(emsdk_path, "install", version)
-        call(emsdk_path, "activate", version)
-
-    return emcc_path
-
-
-def get_all_xbuildenv_version_info(env: dict[str, str]) -> list[PyodideXBuildEnvInfo]:
-    xbuildenvs_info_str = call(
-        "pyodide",
-        "xbuildenv",
-        "search",
-        "--json",
-        "--all",
-        env=env,
-        cwd=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-        capture_stdout=True,
-    ).strip()
-
-    xbuildenvs_info = json.loads(xbuildenvs_info_str)
-
-    if "environments" not in xbuildenvs_info:
-        msg = f"Invalid xbuildenvs info, got {xbuildenvs_info}"
-        raise ValueError(msg)
-
-    return typing.cast(list[PyodideXBuildEnvInfo], xbuildenvs_info["environments"])
-
-
-def get_xbuildenv_version_info(
-    env: dict[str, str], version: str, pyodide_build_version: str
-) -> PyodideXBuildEnvInfo:
-    xbuildenvs_info = get_all_xbuildenv_version_info(env)
-    for xbuildenv_info in xbuildenvs_info:
-        if xbuildenv_info["version"] == version:
-            return xbuildenv_info
-
-    msg = unwrap(f"""
-        Could not find Pyodide cross-build environment version {version} in the available
-        versions as reported by pyodide-build v{pyodide_build_version}.
-        Available pyodide xbuildenv versions are:
-        {", ".join(e["version"] for e in xbuildenvs_info if e["compatible"])}
-    """)
-    raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-
-# The default pyodide xbuildenv version that's specified in
-# build-platforms.toml is compatible with the pyodide-build version that's
-# pinned in the bundled constraints file. But if the user changes
-# pyodide-version and/or dependency-constraints in the cibuildwheel config, we
-# need to check if the xbuildenv version is compatible with the pyodide-build
-# version.
-def validate_pyodide_build_version(
-    xbuildenv_info: PyodideXBuildEnvInfo, pyodide_build_version: str
-) -> None:
-    """
-    Validate the Pyodide version is compatible with the installed
-    pyodide-build version.
-    """
-
-    pyodide_version = xbuildenv_info["version"]
-
-    if not xbuildenv_info["compatible"]:
-        msg = unwrap_preserving_paragraphs(f"""
-            The Pyodide xbuildenv version {pyodide_version} is not compatible
-            with the pyodide-build version {pyodide_build_version}. Please use
-            the 'pyodide xbuildenv search --all' command to find a compatible
-            version.
-
-            Set the pyodide-build version using the `dependency-constraints`
-            option, or set the Pyodide xbuildenv version using the
-            `pyodide-version` option.
-        """)
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-
-def install_xbuildenv(env: dict[str, str], pyodide_build_version: str, pyodide_version: str) -> str:
-    """Install a particular Pyodide xbuildenv version and set a path to the Pyodide root."""
-    # Since pyodide-build was unvendored from Pyodide v0.27.0, the versions of
-    # pyodide-build are uncoupled from the versions of Pyodide. So, we specify
-    # both the pyodide-build version and the Pyodide version in the temp path.
-    xbuildenv_cache_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"pyodide-build-{pyodide_build_version}"
-    pyodide_root = xbuildenv_cache_path / pyodide_version / "xbuildenv" / "pyodide-root"
-
-    with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "xbuildenv.lock"):
-        if pyodide_root.exists():
-            return str(pyodide_root)
-
-        # We don't want to mutate env but we need to delete any existing
-        # PYODIDE_ROOT so copy it first.
-        env = dict(env)
-        env.pop("PYODIDE_ROOT", None)
-
-        # Install the xbuildenv
-        call(
-            "pyodide",
-            "xbuildenv",
-            "install",
-            "--path",
-            str(xbuildenv_cache_path),
-            pyodide_version,
-            env=env,
-            cwd=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-        )
-        assert pyodide_root.exists()
-
-    return str(pyodide_root)
-
-
-def get_base_python(tmp: Path, python_configuration: PythonConfiguration) -> Path:
-    try:
-        return create_python_build_standalone_environment(
-            python_version=python_configuration.version,
-            temp_dir=tmp,
-            cache_dir=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-        )
-    except PythonBuildStandaloneError as e:
-        msg = unwrap(f"""
-            Failed to create a Python build environment:
-            {e}
-        """)
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg) from e
-
-
-def setup_python(
-    tmp: Path,
-    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
-    constraints_path: Path | None,
-    environment: ParsedEnvironment,
-    user_pyodide_version: str | None,
-) -> dict[str, str]:
-    log.step("Installing a base python environment...")
-    base_python = get_base_python(tmp / "base", python_configuration)
-
-    log.step("Setting up build environment...")
-    pyodide_version = user_pyodide_version or python_configuration.default_pyodide_version
-    venv_path = tmp / "venv"
-    env = virtualenv(python_configuration.version, base_python, venv_path, None, use_uv=False)
-    venv_bin_path = venv_path / "bin"
-    assert venv_bin_path.exists()
-    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
-
-    # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
-    # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip'
-    call(
-        "python",
-        "-m",
-        "pip",
-        "install",
-        "--upgrade",
-        "pip",
-        *constraint_flags(constraints_path),
-        env=env,
-        cwd=venv_path,
-    )
-
-    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
-
-    # check what Python version we're on
-    which_python = call("which", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-    print(which_python)
-    if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
-        msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our venv instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
-
-    # check what pip version we're on
-    assert (venv_bin_path / "pip").exists()
-    which_pip = call("which", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-    print(which_pip)
-    if which_pip != str(venv_bin_path / "pip"):
-        msg = "pip available on PATH doesn't match our venv instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("pip", "--version", env=env)
-
-    log.step("Installing build tools...")
-    call(
-        "pip",
-        "install",
-        "--upgrade",
-        "auditwheel-emscripten",
-        "build[virtualenv]",
-        "pyodide-build",
-        *constraint_flags(constraints_path),
-        env=env,
-    )
-
-    pyodide_build_version = call(
-        "python",
-        "-c",
-        "from importlib.metadata import version; print(version('pyodide-build'))",
-        env=env,
-        capture_stdout=True,
-    ).strip()
-
-    xbuildenv_info = get_xbuildenv_version_info(env, pyodide_version, pyodide_build_version)
-    validate_pyodide_build_version(
-        xbuildenv_info=xbuildenv_info,
-        pyodide_build_version=pyodide_build_version,
-    )
-
-    emscripten_version = xbuildenv_info["emscripten"]
-    log.step(f"Installing Emscripten version: {emscripten_version} ...")
-    emcc_path = install_emscripten(tmp, emscripten_version)
-
-    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([str(emcc_path.parent), env["PATH"]])
-
-    log.step(f"Installing Pyodide xbuildenv version: {pyodide_version} ...")
-    env["PYODIDE_ROOT"] = install_xbuildenv(env, pyodide_build_version, pyodide_version)
-
-    return env
-
-
-def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    full_python_configs = resources.read_python_configs("pyodide")
-    return [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
-
-
-def get_python_configurations(
-    build_selector: BuildSelector,
-    architectures: Set[Architecture],  # noqa: ARG001
-) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    return [c for c in all_python_configurations() if build_selector(c.identifier)]
-
-
-def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
-        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
-    )
-
-    if not python_configurations:
-        return
-
-    try:
-        before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
-        before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
-
-        if before_all_options.before_all:
-            log.step("Running before_all...")
-            env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=os.environ)
-            before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
-                before_all_options.before_all, project=".", package=before_all_options.package_dir
-            )
-            shell(before_all_prepared, env=env)
-
-        built_wheels: list[Path] = []
-
-        for config in python_configurations:
-            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
-
-            if build_frontend.name == "pip":
-                msg = "The pyodide platform doesn't support pip frontend"
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-            log.build_start(config.identifier)
-
-            identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
-
-            built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
-            repaired_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
-            identifier_tmp_dir.mkdir()
-            built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
-            repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
-
-            constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                version=config.version, variant="pyodide", tmp_dir=identifier_tmp_dir
-            )
-
-            env = setup_python(
-                tmp=identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
-                python_configuration=config,
-                constraints_path=constraints_path,
-                environment=build_options.environment,
-                user_pyodide_version=build_options.pyodide_version,
-            )
-            pip_version = get_pip_version(env)
-            # The Pyodide command line runner mounts all directories in the host
-            # filesystem into the Pyodide file system, except for the custom
-            # file systems /dev, /lib, /proc, and /tmp. Mounting the mount
-            # points for alternate file systems causes some mysterious failure
-            # of the process (it just quits without any clear error).
-            #
-            # Because of this, by default Pyodide can't see anything under /tmp.
-            # This environment variable tells it also to mount our temp
-            # directory.
-            oldmounts = ""
-            extra_mounts = [str(identifier_tmp_dir)]
-            if Path.cwd().is_relative_to("/tmp"):
-                extra_mounts.append(str(Path.cwd()))
-
-            if "_PYODIDE_EXTRA_MOUNTS" in env:
-                oldmounts = env["_PYODIDE_EXTRA_MOUNTS"] + ":"
-            env["_PYODIDE_EXTRA_MOUNTS"] = oldmounts + ":".join(extra_mounts)
-
-            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
-            if compatible_wheel:
-                log.step_end()
-                print(
-                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
-                )
-                built_wheel = compatible_wheel
-            else:
-                if build_options.before_build:
-                    log.step("Running before_build...")
-                    before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.before_build, project=".", package=build_options.package_dir
-                    )
-                    shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
-
-                log.step("Building wheel...")
-
-                extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
-                )
-
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir)
-                build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                call(
-                    "pyodide",
-                    "build",
-                    build_options.package_dir,
-                    f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                    *extra_flags,
-                    env=build_env,
-                )
-                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
-
-                if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                    raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
-
-                if build_options.repair_command:
-                    log.step("Repairing wheel...")
-
-                    repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.repair_command,
-                        wheel=built_wheel,
-                        dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
-                    )
-                    shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
-                else:
-                    shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
-
-                repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
-
-                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
-                    raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
-
-            if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
-                log.step("Testing wheel...")
-
-                venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "venv-test"
-                # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
-                # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-
-                virtualenv_env = env.copy()
-                virtualenv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
-                    [
-                        str(ensure_node(config.node_version)),
-                        virtualenv_env["PATH"],
-                    ]
-                )
-
-                # pyodide venv uses virtualenv under the hood
-                # use the pip embedded with virtualenv & disable network updates
-                virtualenv_create_env = virtualenv_env.copy()
-                virtualenv_create_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                virtualenv_create_env["VIRTUALENV_NO_PERIODIC_UPDATE"] = "1"
-
-                call("pyodide", "venv", venv_dir, env=virtualenv_create_env)
-
-                virtualenv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
-                    [
-                        str(venv_dir / "bin"),
-                        virtualenv_env["PATH"],
-                    ]
-                )
-                virtualenv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_dir)
-
-                virtualenv_env["PYTHONSAFEPATH"] = "1"
-
-                virtualenv_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
-                    prev_environment=virtualenv_env
-                )
-
-                # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
-                call("which", "python", env=virtualenv_env)
-
-                if build_options.before_test:
-                    before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.before_test,
-                        project=".",
-                        package=build_options.package_dir,
-                        wheel=repaired_wheel,
-                    )
-                    shell(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)
-
-                # install the wheel
-                call(
-                    "pip",
-                    "install",
-                    f"{repaired_wheel}{build_options.test_extras}",
-                    env=virtualenv_env,
-                )
-
-                # test the wheel
-                if build_options.test_requires:
-                    call("pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)
-
-                # run the tests from a temp dir, with an absolute path in the command
-                # (this ensures that Python runs the tests against the installed wheel
-                # and not the repo code)
-                test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.test_command,
-                    project=Path.cwd(),
-                    package=build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
-                )
-
-                test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"
-                test_cwd.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-
-                if build_options.test_sources:
-                    copy_test_sources(
-                        build_options.test_sources,
-                        build_options.package_dir,
-                        test_cwd,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    # Use the test_fail.py file to raise a nice error if the user
-                    # tries to run tests in the cwd
-                    (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(resources.TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE.read_text())
-
-                shell(test_command_prepared, cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)
-
-            # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
-            if compatible_wheel is None:
-                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(repaired_wheel.name)
-                moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
-                if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
-                    log.warning(
-                        f"{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
-                    )
-                built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
-
-    finally:
-        pass
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import ast
 import configparser
 import contextlib
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any

-import dependency_groups
+from ._compat import tomllib


 def get_parent(node: ast.AST | None, depth: int = 1) -> ast.AST | None:
@@ -38,8 +39,10 @@ def is_main(parent: ast.AST | None) -> bool:
    if len(mains) != 1:
        return False
    consts = {x for x in values if isinstance(x, ast.Name) and x.id == "__name__"}
+    if len(consts) != 1:
+        return False

-    return len(consts) == 1
+    return True


 class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
@@ -83,12 +86,15 @@ def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> str | None:
        return None


-def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path, pyproject_toml: dict[str, Any] | None) -> str | None:
+def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> str | None:
    """Return the python requires string from the most canonical source available, or None"""

    # Read in from pyproject.toml:project.requires-python
-    with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
-        return str((pyproject_toml or {})["project"]["requires-python"])
+    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+        with (package_dir / "pyproject.toml").open("rb") as f1:
+            info = tomllib.load(f1)
+        with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
+            return str(info["project"]["requires-python"])

    # Read in from setup.cfg:options.python_requires
    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
@@ -102,26 +108,3 @@ def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path, pyproject_toml: dict[str, Any] |
        return setup_py_python_requires(f2.read())

    return None
-
-
-def resolve_dependency_groups(
-    pyproject_toml: dict[str, Any] | None, *groups: str
-) -> tuple[str, ...]:
-    """
-    Get the packages in dependency-groups for a package.
-    """
-
-    if not groups:
-        return ()
-
-    if pyproject_toml is None:
-        msg = f"Didn't find a pyproject.toml, so can't read [dependency-groups] {groups!r} from it!"
-        raise FileNotFoundError(msg)
-
-    try:
-        dependency_groups_toml = pyproject_toml["dependency-groups"]
-    except KeyError:
-        msg = f"Didn't find [dependency-groups] in pyproject.toml, which is needed to resolve {groups!r}."
-        raise KeyError(msg) from None
-
-    return dependency_groups.resolve(dependency_groups_toml, *groups)
@@ -1,149 +1,93 @@
 [linux]
 python_configurations = [
+  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_i686", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_i686", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_i686", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_i686", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_i686", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_i686", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_i686", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_armv7l", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-manylinux_riscv64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_i686", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_i686", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_i686", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_i686", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_i686", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_i686", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_i686", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_i686", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_ricv64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
 ]

 [macos]
 python_configurations = [
+  { identifier = "cp36-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.6", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/python-3.6.8-macosx10.9.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.9/python-3.7.9-macosx10.9.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp38-macosx_universal2", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
@@ -153,79 +97,43 @@ python_configurations = [
  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.11/python-3.10.11-macos11.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.11/python-3.10.11-macos11.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.11/python-3.10.11-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.9/python-3.11.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.9/python-3.11.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_universal2", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.9/python-3.11.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/python-3.13.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/python-3.13.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/python-3.13.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/python-3.13.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/python-3.13.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/python-3.13.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b1-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.7/python-3.11.7-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.7/python-3.11.7-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_universal2", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.7/python-3.11.7-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.1/python-3.12.1-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.1/python-3.12.1-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.1/python-3.12.1-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
  { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
  { identifier = "pp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.19-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.1/graalpy-24.2.1-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.1/graalpy-24.2.1-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.15-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.15-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.15-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.15-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
 ]

 [windows]
 python_configurations = [
+  { identifier = "cp36-win32", version = "3.6.8", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp36-win_amd64", version = "3.6.8", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-win32", version = "3.7.9", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7.9", arch = "64" },
  { identifier = "cp38-win32", version = "3.8.10", arch = "32" },
  { identifier = "cp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8.10", arch = "64" },
  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.13", arch = "32" },
  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.13", arch = "64" },
  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.11", arch = "32" },
  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.9", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.9", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.10", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.10", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.3", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.3", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.3", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_amd64", version = "3.13.3", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.0-b1", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.0-b1", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.0-b1", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.0-b1", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.7", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.7", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.1", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.1", arch = "64" },
  { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10", arch = "ARM64" },
  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.9", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.10", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.3", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.3", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.0-b1", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.0-b1", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.7", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.1", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
  { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-win_amd64", version = "3.11", arch = "64", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.1/graalpy-24.2.1-windows-amd64.zip" },
-]
-
-[pyodide]
-python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp312-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.12", default_pyodide_version = "0.27.6", node_version = "v22" },
-]
-
-[ios]
-python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b6/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b6.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b6/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b6.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b6/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b6.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.15-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.15-win64.zip" },
 ]
@@ -1,27 +1,6 @@
 {
-  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema",
  "$id": "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json",
-  "$defs": {
-    "inherit": {
-      "enum": [
-        "none",
-        "prepend",
-        "append"
-      ],
-      "default": "none",
-      "description": "How to inherit the parent's value."
-    },
-    "enable": {
-      "enum": [
-        "cpython-freethreading",
-        "cpython-prerelease",
-        "pypy",
-        "pypy-eol",
-        "cpython-experimental-riscv64"
-      ]
-    },
-    "description": "A Python version or flavor to enable."
-  },
+  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "description": "cibuildwheel's settings.",
  "type": "object",
@@ -106,13 +85,12 @@
    },
    "build-frontend": {
      "default": "default",
-      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"pip\" (default for now), \"build\", or \"build[uv]\"",
+      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"pip\" (default for now) or \"build\"",
      "oneOf": [
        {
          "enum": [
            "pip",
            "build",
-            "build[uv]",
            "default"
          ]
        },
@@ -124,10 +102,6 @@
          "type": "string",
          "pattern": "^build; ?args:"
        },
-        {
-          "type": "string",
-          "pattern": "^build\\[uv\\]; ?args:"
-        },
        {
          "type": "object",
          "additionalProperties": false,
@@ -138,8 +112,7 @@
            "name": {
              "enum": [
                "pip",
-                "build",
-                "build[uv]"
+                "build"
              ]
            },
            "args": {
@@ -235,62 +208,9 @@
    "dependency-versions": {
      "default": "pinned",
      "description": "Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "enum": [
-            "pinned",
-            "latest"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "string",
-          "description": "Path to a file containing dependency versions, or inline package specifications, starting with \"packages:\"",
-          "not": {
-            "enum": [
-              "pinned",
-              "latest"
-            ]
-          }
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "object",
-          "additionalProperties": false,
-          "properties": {
-            "file": {
-              "type": "string"
-            }
-          }
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "object",
-          "additionalProperties": false,
-          "properties": {
-            "packages": {
-              "type": "array",
-              "items": {
-                "type": "string"
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      ],
+      "type": "string",
      "title": "CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS"
    },
-    "enable": {
-      "description": "Enable or disable certain builds.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "$ref": "#/$defs/enable"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "$ref": "#/$defs/enable"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_ENABLE"
-    },
    "environment": {
      "description": "Set environment variables needed during the build.",
      "oneOf": [
@@ -329,11 +249,6 @@
      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE"
    },
-    "manylinux-armv7l-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_ARMV7L_IMAGE"
-    },
    "manylinux-i686-image": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
@@ -359,11 +274,6 @@
      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE"
    },
-    "manylinux-riscv64-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_RISCV64_IMAGE"
-    },
    "manylinux-s390x-image": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
@@ -379,11 +289,6 @@
      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE"
    },
-    "musllinux-armv7l-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_ARMV7L_IMAGE"
-    },
    "musllinux-i686-image": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
@@ -394,11 +299,6 @@
      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_PPC64LE_IMAGE"
    },
-    "musllinux-riscv64-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_RISCV64_IMAGE"
-    },
    "musllinux-s390x-image": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
@@ -409,26 +309,6 @@
      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE"
    },
-    "xbuild-tools": {
-      "description": "Binaries on the path that should be included in an isolated cross-build environment",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_XBUILD_TOOLS"
-    },
-    "pyodide-version": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify the version of Pyodide to use",
-      "title": "CIBW_PYODIDE_VERSION"
-    },
    "repair-wheel-command": {
      "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
      "oneOf": [
@@ -489,36 +369,6 @@
      ],
      "title": "CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS"
    },
-    "test-sources": {
-      "description": "Test files that are required by the test environment",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_TEST_SOURCES"
-    },
-    "test-groups": {
-      "description": "Install extra groups when testing",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_TEST_GROUPS"
-    },
    "test-requires": {
      "description": "Install Python dependencies before running the tests",
      "oneOf": [
@@ -549,24 +399,6 @@
      ],
      "title": "CIBW_TEST_SKIP"
    },
-    "test-environment": {
-      "description": "Set environment variables for the test environment",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "object",
-          "additionalProperties": false,
-          "patternProperties": {
-            ".+": {
-              "type": "string"
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_TEST_ENVIRONMENT"
-    },
    "overrides": {
      "type": "array",
      "description": "An overrides array",
@@ -591,54 +423,6 @@
              }
            ]
          },
-          "inherit": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "additionalProperties": false,
-            "properties": {
-              "before-all": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "before-build": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "xbuild-tools": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "before-test": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "config-settings": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "container-engine": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "environment": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "environment-pass": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "repair-wheel-command": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "test-command": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "test-extras": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "test-sources": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "test-requires": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "test-environment": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              }
-            }
-          },
          "before-all": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
          },
@@ -657,9 +441,6 @@
          "config-settings": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
          },
-          "container-engine": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/container-engine"
-          },
          "dependency-versions": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/dependency-versions"
          },
@@ -672,9 +453,6 @@
          "manylinux-aarch64-image": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-aarch64-image"
          },
-          "manylinux-armv7l-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-armv7l-image"
-          },
          "manylinux-i686-image": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-i686-image"
          },
@@ -690,9 +468,6 @@
          "manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image"
          },
-          "manylinux-riscv64-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-riscv64-image"
-          },
          "manylinux-s390x-image": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-s390x-image"
          },
@@ -702,30 +477,18 @@
          "musllinux-aarch64-image": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-aarch64-image"
          },
-          "musllinux-armv7l-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-armv7l-image"
-          },
          "musllinux-i686-image": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-i686-image"
          },
          "musllinux-ppc64le-image": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-ppc64le-image"
          },
-          "musllinux-riscv64-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-riscv64-image"
-          },
          "musllinux-s390x-image": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-s390x-image"
          },
          "musllinux-x86_64-image": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-x86_64-image"
          },
-          "xbuild-tools": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
-          },
-          "pyodide-version": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
-          },
          "repair-wheel-command": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
          },
@@ -735,17 +498,8 @@
          "test-extras": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
          },
-          "test-sources": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
-          },
-          "test-groups": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
-          },
          "test-requires": {
            "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-          },
-          "test-environment": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
          }
        }
      }
@@ -775,9 +529,6 @@
        "config-settings": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
        },
-        "container-engine": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/container-engine"
-        },
        "environment": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
        },
@@ -787,9 +538,6 @@
        "manylinux-aarch64-image": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-aarch64-image"
        },
-        "manylinux-armv7l-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-armv7l-image"
-        },
        "manylinux-i686-image": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-i686-image"
        },
@@ -805,9 +553,6 @@
        "manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image"
        },
-        "manylinux-riscv64-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-riscv64-image"
-        },
        "manylinux-s390x-image": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-s390x-image"
        },
@@ -817,30 +562,18 @@
        "musllinux-aarch64-image": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-aarch64-image"
        },
-        "musllinux-armv7l-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-armv7l-image"
-        },
        "musllinux-i686-image": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-i686-image"
        },
        "musllinux-ppc64le-image": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-ppc64le-image"
        },
-        "musllinux-riscv64-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-riscv64-image"
-        },
        "musllinux-s390x-image": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-s390x-image"
        },
        "musllinux-x86_64-image": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-x86_64-image"
        },
-        "xbuild-tools": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
-        },
-        "pyodide-version": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
-        },
        "repair-wheel-command": {
          "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
          "oneOf": [
@@ -863,17 +596,8 @@
        "test-extras": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
        },
-        "test-sources": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
-        },
-        "test-groups": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
-        },
        "test-requires": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        },
-        "test-environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
        }
      }
    },
@@ -908,12 +632,6 @@
        "environment": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
        },
-        "xbuild-tools": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
-        },
-        "pyodide-version": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
-        },
        "repair-wheel-command": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
        },
@@ -923,17 +641,8 @@
        "test-extras": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
        },
-        "test-sources": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
-        },
-        "test-groups": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
-        },
        "test-requires": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        },
-        "test-environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
        }
      }
    },
@@ -968,12 +677,6 @@
        "environment": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
        },
-        "xbuild-tools": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
-        },
-        "pyodide-version": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
-        },
        "repair-wheel-command": {
          "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
          "oneOf": [
@@ -996,137 +699,8 @@
        "test-extras": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
        },
-        "test-sources": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
-        },
-        "test-groups": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
-        },
        "test-requires": {
          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        },
-        "test-environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "pyodide": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "additionalProperties": false,
-      "properties": {
-        "archs": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/archs"
-        },
-        "before-all": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
-        },
-        "before-build": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
-        },
-        "before-test": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
-        },
-        "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
-        },
-        "build-verbosity": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
-        },
-        "config-settings": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
-        },
-        "dependency-versions": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/dependency-versions"
-        },
-        "environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
-        },
-        "xbuild-tools": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
-        },
-        "pyodide-version": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
-        },
-        "repair-wheel-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
-        },
-        "test-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
-        },
-        "test-extras": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
-        },
-        "test-sources": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
-        },
-        "test-groups": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
-        },
-        "test-requires": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        },
-        "test-environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "ios": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "additionalProperties": false,
-      "properties": {
-        "archs": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/archs"
-        },
-        "before-all": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
-        },
-        "before-build": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
-        },
-        "before-test": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
-        },
-        "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
-        },
-        "build-verbosity": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
-        },
-        "config-settings": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
-        },
-        "dependency-versions": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/dependency-versions"
-        },
-        "environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
-        },
-        "xbuild-tools": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
-        },
-        "pyodide-version": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
-        },
-        "repair-wheel-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
-        },
-        "test-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
-        },
-        "test-extras": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
-        },
-        "test-sources": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
-        },
-        "test-groups": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
-        },
-        "test-requires": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        },
-        "test-environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
        }
      }
    }
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-annotated-types==0.7.0
-    # via pydantic
-anyio==4.9.0
-    # via httpx
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.1.0
-    # via pyodide-build
-build==1.2.2.post1
-    # via
-    #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-    #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2025.4.26
-    # via
-    #   httpcore
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.2
-    # via requests
-click==8.1.8
-    # via
-    #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-    #   typer
-distlib==0.3.9
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-h11==0.16.0
-    # via httpcore
-httpcore==1.0.9
-    # via httpx
-httpx==0.28.1
-    # via unearth
-idna==3.10
-    # via
-    #   anyio
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-leb128==1.0.8
-    # via auditwheel-emscripten
-markdown-it-py==3.0.0
-    # via rich
-mdurl==0.1.2
-    # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==25.0
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   build
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   unearth
-pip==25.1.1
-    # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
-    # via
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.11.5
-    # via
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.33.2
-    # via pydantic
-pygments==2.19.1
-    # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.30.4
-    # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-pyodide-cli==0.3.0
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.0a7
-    # via pyodide-build
-pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
-    # via build
-requests==2.32.3
-    # via pyodide-build
-resolvelib==1.1.0
-    # via pyodide-build
-rich==14.0.0
-    # via
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-cli
-    #   typer
-ruamel-yaml==0.18.11
-    # via pyodide-build
-ruamel-yaml-clib==0.2.12
-    # via ruamel-yaml
-shellingham==1.5.4
-    # via typer
-sniffio==1.3.1
-    # via anyio
-typer==0.15.4
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-cli
-typing-extensions==4.13.2
-    # via
-    #   anyio
-    #   pydantic
-    #   pydantic-core
-    #   typer
-    #   typing-inspection
-typing-inspection==0.4.1
-    # via pydantic
-unearth==0.17.5
-    # via pyodide-build
-urllib3==2.4.0
-    # via requests
-virtualenv==20.31.2
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   pyodide-build
-wheel==0.45.1
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
@@ -1,34 +1,28 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
-    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.10
+# by the following command:
+#
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.10
+#
+delocate==0.10.7
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.13.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.3.8
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.13.1
    # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.7.0
-    # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+packaging==23.2
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.1.0
    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
-    # via build
-tomli==2.2.1
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.13.2
+typing-extensions==4.9.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.25.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.42.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==23.3.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==69.0.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-zipp==3.21.0
-    # via importlib-metadata
@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
-    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.11
+# by the following command:
+#
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.11
+#
+delocate==0.10.7
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.13.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.3.8
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.13.1
    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+packaging==23.2
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.1.0
    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.13.2
+typing-extensions==4.9.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.25.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.42.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==23.3.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==69.0.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
-    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.12
+# by the following command:
+#
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.12
+#
+delocate==0.10.7
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.13.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.3.8
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.13.1
    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+packaging==23.2
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.1.0
    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.13.2
+typing-extensions==4.9.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.25.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.42.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==23.3.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==69.0.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
-    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.13.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
-    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.13.2
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
-    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.13.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
-    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
-    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.13.2
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.6
+# To update, run:
+#
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.6
+#
+delocate==0.10.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.6
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.4.1
+    # via virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==4.8.3
+    # via virtualenv
+importlib-resources==5.4.0
+    # via virtualenv
+platformdirs==2.4.0
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.1.1
+    # via
+    #   delocate
+    #   importlib-metadata
+virtualenv==20.17.1
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.37.1
+    # via
+    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+    #   delocate
+zipp==3.6.0
+    # via
+    #   importlib-metadata
+    #   importlib-resources
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==21.3.1
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==59.6.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.7
+# by the following command:
+#
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.7
+#
+delocate==0.10.7
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.8
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.12.2
+    # via virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==6.7.0
+    # via virtualenv
+packaging==23.2
+    # via delocate
+platformdirs==4.0.0
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.7.1
+    # via
+    #   delocate
+    #   importlib-metadata
+    #   platformdirs
+virtualenv==20.25.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.42.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+zipp==3.15.0
+    # via importlib-metadata
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==23.3.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==68.0.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -1,34 +1,28 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
-    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.8
+# by the following command:
+#
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.8
+#
+delocate==0.10.7
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.12.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.3.8
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.16.1
+filelock==3.13.1
    # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.5.0
-    # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+packaging==23.2
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==25.0.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.6
+platformdirs==4.1.0
    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
-    # via build
-tomli==2.2.1
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.13.2
+typing-extensions==4.9.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.25.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.42.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==23.3.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==69.0.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-zipp==3.20.2
-    # via importlib-metadata
@@ -1,34 +1,28 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
-    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.9
+# by the following command:
+#
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.9
+#
+delocate==0.10.7
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.13.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.3.8
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.13.1
    # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.7.0
-    # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+packaging==23.2
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.1.0
    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
-    # via build
-tomli==2.2.1
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.13.2
+typing-extensions==4.9.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.25.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.42.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==23.3.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==69.0.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-zipp==3.21.0
-    # via importlib-metadata
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pip
-build
+setuptools
+wheel
 delocate
 virtualenv
@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
-    # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.12
+# by the following command:
+#
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.12
+#
+delocate==0.10.7
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.13.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.3.8
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.13.1
    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+packaging==23.2
    # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.1.0
    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.13.2
+typing-extensions==4.9.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==20.25.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.42.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==23.3.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==69.0.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 build = "*"
 skip = ""
 test-skip = ""
-enable = []

 archs = ["auto"]
 build-frontend = "default"
@@ -14,40 +13,29 @@ build-verbosity = 0

 before-all = ""
 before-build = ""
-# TOML doesn't support explicit NULLs; use ["\u0000"] as a sentinel value.
-xbuild-tools = ["\u0000"]
 repair-wheel-command = ""

 test-command = ""
 before-test = ""
-test-sources = []
 test-requires = []
 test-extras = []
-test-groups = []
-test-environment = {}

 container-engine = "docker"

-pyodide-version = ""
-
-manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-aarch64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
-manylinux-ppc64le-image = "manylinux_2_28"
-manylinux-s390x-image = "manylinux_2_28"
-manylinux-armv7l-image = "manylinux_2_31"
-manylinux-riscv64-image = "ghcr.io/pypa/cibuildwheel/no_default_image:please_use_override"
-manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
+manylinux-aarch64-image = "manylinux2014"
+manylinux-ppc64le-image = "manylinux2014"
+manylinux-s390x-image = "manylinux2014"
+manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-pypy_i686-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
+manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image = "manylinux2014"

-musllinux-x86_64-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-musllinux-i686-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-musllinux-aarch64-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-musllinux-ppc64le-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-musllinux-s390x-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-musllinux-armv7l-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-musllinux-riscv64-image = "ghcr.io/pypa/cibuildwheel/no_default_image:please_use_override"
+musllinux-x86_64-image = "musllinux_1_1"
+musllinux-i686-image = "musllinux_1_1"
+musllinux-aarch64-image = "musllinux_1_1"
+musllinux-ppc64le-image = "musllinux_1_1"
+musllinux-s390x-image = "musllinux_1_1"


 [tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
@@ -57,7 +45,3 @@ repair-wheel-command = "auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
 repair-wheel-command = "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}"

 [tool.cibuildwheel.windows]
-
-[tool.cibuildwheel.ios]
-
-[tool.cibuildwheel.pyodide]
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
-<plist version="1.0">
-<array>
-        <dict>
-                <key>attributeSetting</key>
-                <integer>1</integer>
-                <key>choiceAttribute</key>
-                <string>selected</string>
-                <key>choiceIdentifier</key>
-                <string>org.python.Python.PythonTFramework-3.13</string>
-        </dict>
-</array>
-</plist>
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
-<plist version="1.0">
-<array>
-        <dict>
-                <key>attributeSetting</key>
-                <integer>1</integer>
-                <key>choiceAttribute</key>
-                <string>selected</string>
-                <key>choiceIdentifier</key>
-                <string>org.python.Python.PythonTFramework-3.14</string>
-        </dict>
-</array>
-</plist>
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ STAT_0o775 = (
 )


-def main() -> None:
+def main():
    openssl_dir, openssl_cafile = os.path.split(ssl.get_default_verify_paths().openssl_cafile)
    print(" -- pip install --upgrade certifi")
    subprocess.check_call(
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-url = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
-v22 = "v22.16.0"
-v20 = "v20.19.2"
@@ -1,47 +1,54 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.05.24-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.05.24-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.05.24-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2025.05.24-1
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2024-01-28-7b6687a
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2024-01-23-12ffabc

 [i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.05.24-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2025.05.24-1
-
-[aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.05.24-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.05.24-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.05.24-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2025.05.24-1
-
-[ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2025.05.24-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2025.05.24-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2025.05.24-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2025.05.24-1
-
-[s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2025.05.24-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2025.05.24-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2025.05.24-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2025.05.24-1
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2024-01-28-7b6687a
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-12-26-0d38463
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2024-01-23-12ffabc

 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.05.24-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.05.24-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.05.24-1
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2024-01-23-12ffabc

 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.05.24-1
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-12-26-0d38463
+
+[aarch64]
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+
+[ppc64le]
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+
+[s390x]
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2024-01-23-12ffabc

 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.05.24-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.05.24-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.05.24-1
-
-[armv7l]
-manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2025.05.24-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2025.05.24-1
-
-[riscv64]
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2024-01-23-12ffabc
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2024-01-23-12ffabc

@@ -1,441 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "releases": [
-    {
-      "tag": "20250517",
-      "assets": [
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.17+20250517-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.10.17%2B20250517-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.17+20250517-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.10.17%2B20250517-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.17+20250517-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.10.17%2B20250517-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.17+20250517-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.10.17%2B20250517-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.17+20250517-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.10.17%2B20250517-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.17+20250517-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.10.17%2B20250517-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.17+20250517-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.10.17%2B20250517-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.17+20250517-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.10.17%2B20250517-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.17+20250517-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.10.17%2B20250517-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
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-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.14.0a7+20250517-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.14.0a7%2B20250517-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
-        },
-        {
-          "name": "cpython-3.9.22+20250517-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250517/cpython-3.9.22%2B20250517-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
-        }
-      ]
-    }
-  ]
-}
@@ -1,36 +1,17 @@
 # this file is copied to the testing cwd, to raise the below error message if
 # pytest/unittest is run from there.

-import sys
 import unittest
-from typing import NoReturn


 class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_fail(self) -> NoReturn:
-        if sys.platform == "ios":
-            msg = (
-                "You tried to run tests from the testbed app's working "
-                "directory, without specifying `test-sources`. "
-                "On iOS, you must copy your test files to the testbed app by "
-                "setting the `test-sources` option in your cibuildwheel "
-                "configuration."
-            )
-        else:
-            msg = (
-                "cibuildwheel executes tests from a different working directory to "
-                "your project. This ensures only your wheel is imported, preventing "
-                "Python from accessing files that haven't been packaged into the "
-                "wheel. "
-                "\n\n"
-                "Please specify a path to your tests when invoking pytest "
-                "using the {project} placeholder, e.g. `pytest {project}` or "
-                "`pytest {project}/tests`. cibuildwheel will replace {project} with "
-                "the path to your project. "
-                "\n\n"
-                "Alternatively, you can specify your test files using the "
-                "`test-sources` option, and cibuildwheel will copy them to the "
-                "working directory for testing."
-            )
-
-        self.fail(msg)
+    def test_fail(self):
+        self.fail(
+            "cibuildwheel executes tests from a different working directory to "
+            "your project. This ensures only your wheel is imported, preventing "
+            "Python from accessing files that haven't been packaged into the "
+            "wheel. Please specify a path to your tests when invoking pytest "
+            "using the {project} placeholder, e.g. `pytest {project}` or "
+            "`pytest {project}/tests`. cibuildwheel will replace {project} with "
+            "the path to your project."
+        )
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-default = { version = "20.31.2", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.31.2/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true" }
+version = "20.21.1"
+url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.21.1/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import json
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any

-from .util import resources
+DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()


 def get_schema(tool_name: str = "cibuildwheel") -> dict[str, Any]:
    "Get the stored complete schema for cibuildwheel settings."
    assert tool_name == "cibuildwheel", "Only cibuildwheel is supported."

-    with resources.CIBUILDWHEEL_SCHEMA.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
+    with DIR.joinpath("resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json").open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
        return json.load(f)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-import dataclasses
-import itertools
-from enum import StrEnum
-from fnmatch import fnmatch
-from typing import Any
-
-import bracex
-from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
-from packaging.version import Version
-
-
-def selector_matches(patterns: str, string: str) -> bool:
-    """
-    Returns True if `string` is matched by any of the wildcard patterns in
-    `patterns`.
-
-    Matching is according to fnmatch, but with shell-like curly brace
-    expansion. For example, 'cp{36,37}-*' would match either of 'cp36-*' or
-    'cp37-*'.
-    """
-
-    patterns_list = patterns.split()
-    expanded_patterns = itertools.chain.from_iterable(bracex.expand(p) for p in patterns_list)
-    return any(fnmatch(string, pat) for pat in expanded_patterns)
-
-
-class EnableGroup(StrEnum):
-    """
-    Groups of build selectors that are not enabled by default.
-    """
-
-    CPythonFreeThreading = "cpython-freethreading"
-    CPythonPrerelease = "cpython-prerelease"
-    PyPy = "pypy"
-    PyPyEoL = "pypy-eol"
-    CPythonExperimentalRiscV64 = "cpython-experimental-riscv64"
-    GraalPy = "graalpy"
-
-    @classmethod
-    def all_groups(cls) -> frozenset["EnableGroup"]:
-        return frozenset(cls)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_option_value(cls, value: str) -> frozenset["EnableGroup"]:
-        """
-        Parses a string of space-separated values into a set of EnableGroup
-        members. The string may contain group names or "all".
-        """
-        result = set()
-        for group in value.strip().split():
-            if group == "all":
-                return cls.all_groups()
-            try:
-                result.add(cls(group))
-            except ValueError:
-                msg = f"Unknown enable group: {group}"
-                raise ValueError(msg) from None
-        return frozenset(result)
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
-class BuildSelector:
-    """
-    This class holds a set of build/skip patterns. You call an instance with a
-    build identifier, and it returns True if that identifier should be
-    included. Only call this on valid identifiers, ones that have at least 2
-    numeric digits before the first dash.
-    """
-
-    build_config: str
-    skip_config: str
-    requires_python: SpecifierSet | None = None
-    enable: frozenset[EnableGroup] = frozenset()
-
-    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
-        # Filter build selectors by python_requires if set
-        if self.requires_python is not None:
-            py_ver_str = build_id.split("-")[0].split("_")[0]
-            py_ver_str = py_ver_str.removesuffix("t")
-            major = int(py_ver_str[2])
-            minor = int(py_ver_str[3:])
-            version = Version(f"{major}.{minor}.99")
-            if not self.requires_python.contains(version):
-                return False
-
-        # filter out groups that are not enabled
-        if EnableGroup.CPythonFreeThreading not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp3??t-*"):
-            return False
-        if EnableGroup.CPythonPrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp314*"):
-            return False
-        if EnableGroup.PyPy not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "pp31*"):
-            return False
-        if EnableGroup.PyPyEoL not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "pp3?-*"):
-            return False
-        if EnableGroup.CPythonExperimentalRiscV64 not in self.enable and fnmatch(
-            build_id, "*_riscv64"
-        ):
-            return False
-        if EnableGroup.GraalPy not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "gp*"):
-            return False
-
-        should_build = selector_matches(self.build_config, build_id)
-        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
-
-        return should_build and not should_skip
-
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
-        return {
-            "build_config": self.build_config,
-            "skip_config": self.skip_config,
-            "requires_python": str(self.requires_python),
-            "enable": sorted(group.value for group in self.enable),
-        }
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
-class TestSelector:
-    """
-    A build selector that can only skip tests according to a skip pattern.
-    """
-
-    skip_config: str
-
-    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
-        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
-        return not should_skip
-
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
-        return {"skip_config": self.skip_config}
@@ -1,21 +1,32 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
+import subprocess
 import typing
-from typing import Final, Literal, Protocol
+from typing import Final, Literal, Protocol, Union

 __all__ = (
    "PLATFORMS",
    "PathOrStr",
    "PlatformName",
+    "PLATFORMS",
+    "PopenBytes",
 )


-PathOrStr = str | os.PathLike[str]
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PopenBytes = subprocess.Popen[bytes]
+    PathOrStr = Union[str, os.PathLike[str]]
+else:
+    PopenBytes = subprocess.Popen
+    PathOrStr = Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]


-PlatformName = Literal["linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide", "ios"]
-PLATFORMS: Final[frozenset[PlatformName]] = frozenset(typing.get_args(PlatformName))
+PlatformName = Literal["linux", "macos", "windows"]
+PLATFORMS: Final[set[PlatformName]] = {"linux", "macos", "windows"}


 class GenericPythonConfiguration(Protocol):
    @property
-    def identifier(self) -> str: ...
+    def identifier(self) -> str:
+        ...
@@ -0,0 +1,762 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import fnmatch
+import itertools
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+import ssl
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import textwrap
+import time
+import typing
+import urllib.request
+from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from functools import cached_property, lru_cache
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath
+from time import sleep
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Final, Literal, TextIO, TypeVar
+
+import bracex
+import certifi
+from filelock import FileLock
+from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
+from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from packaging.utils import parse_wheel_filename
+from packaging.version import Version
+from platformdirs import user_cache_path
+
+from ._compat import tomllib
+from .typing import PathOrStr, PlatformName
+
+__all__ = [
+    "resources_dir",
+    "MANYLINUX_ARCHS",
+    "call",
+    "shell",
+    "find_compatible_wheel",
+    "format_safe",
+    "prepare_command",
+    "get_build_verbosity_extra_flags",
+    "read_python_configs",
+    "selector_matches",
+    "strtobool",
+    "cached_property",
+    "chdir",
+    "split_config_settings",
+]
+
+resources_dir: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent / "resources"
+
+install_certifi_script: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
+
+test_fail_cwd_file: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "testing_temp_dir_file.py"
+
+
+MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
+    "x86_64",
+    "i686",
+    "pypy_x86_64",
+    "aarch64",
+    "ppc64le",
+    "s390x",
+    "pypy_aarch64",
+    "pypy_i686",
+)
+
+MUSLLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
+    "x86_64",
+    "i686",
+    "aarch64",
+    "ppc64le",
+    "s390x",
+)
+
+DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
+CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
+    os.environ.get("CIBW_CACHE_PATH", DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH)
+).resolve()
+
+IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def call(
+    *args: PathOrStr,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
+    capture_stdout: Literal[False] = ...,
+) -> None:
+    ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def call(
+    *args: PathOrStr,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
+    capture_stdout: Literal[True],
+) -> str:
+    ...
+
+
+def call(
+    *args: PathOrStr,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
+    capture_stdout: bool = False,
+) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Run subprocess.run, but print the commands first. Takes the commands as
+    *args. Uses shell=True on Windows due to a bug. Also converts to
+    Paths to strings, due to Windows behavior at least on older Pythons.
+    https://bugs.python.org/issue8557
+    """
+    args_ = [str(arg) for arg in args]
+    # print the command executing for the logs
+    print("+ " + " ".join(shlex.quote(a) for a in args_))
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if capture_stdout:
+        kwargs["universal_newlines"] = True
+        kwargs["stdout"] = subprocess.PIPE
+    result = subprocess.run(args_, check=True, shell=IS_WIN, env=env, cwd=cwd, **kwargs)
+    if not capture_stdout:
+        return None
+    return typing.cast(str, result.stdout)
+
+
+def shell(
+    *commands: str, env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None, cwd: PathOrStr | None = None
+) -> None:
+    command = " ".join(commands)
+    print(f"+ {command}")
+    subprocess.run(command, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
+
+
+def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
+    """
+    Works similarly to `template.format(**kwargs)`, except that unmatched
+    fields in `template` are passed through untouched.
+
+    >>> format_safe('{a} {b}', a='123')
+    '123 {b}'
+    >>> format_safe('{a} {b[4]:3f}', a='123')
+    '123 {b[4]:3f}'
+
+    To avoid variable expansion, precede with a single backslash e.g.
+    >>> format_safe('\\{a} {b}', a='123')
+    '{a} {b}'
+    """
+
+    result = template
+
+    for key, value in kwargs.items():
+        find_pattern = re.compile(
+            rf"""
+                (?<!\#)  # don't match if preceded by a hash
+                {{  # literal open curly bracket
+                {re.escape(key)}  # the field name
+                }}  # literal close curly bracket
+            """,
+            re.VERBOSE,
+        )
+
+        result = re.sub(
+            pattern=find_pattern,
+            repl=str(value).replace("\\", r"\\"),
+            string=result,
+        )
+
+        # transform escaped sequences into their literal equivalents
+        result = result.replace(f"#{{{key}}}", f"{{{key}}}")
+
+    return result
+
+
+def prepare_command(command: str, **kwargs: PathOrStr) -> str:
+    """
+    Preprocesses a command by expanding variables like {python}.
+
+    For example, used in the test_command option to specify the path to the
+    project's root. Unmatched syntax will mostly be allowed through.
+    """
+    return format_safe(command, python="python", pip="pip", **kwargs)
+
+
+def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> list[str]:
+    if level > 0:
+        return ["-" + level * "v"]
+    elif level < 0:
+        return ["-" + -level * "q"]
+    else:
+        return []
+
+
+def split_config_settings(config_settings: str, frontend: Literal["pip", "build"]) -> list[str]:
+    config_settings_list = shlex.split(config_settings)
+    s = "s" if frontend == "pip" else ""
+    return [f"--config-setting{s}={setting}" for setting in config_settings_list]
+
+
+def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
+    input_file = resources_dir / "build-platforms.toml"
+    with input_file.open("rb") as f:
+        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
+    results: list[dict[str, str]] = list(loaded_file[config]["python_configurations"])
+    return results
+
+
+def selector_matches(patterns: str, string: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns True if `string` is matched by any of the wildcard patterns in
+    `patterns`.
+
+    Matching is according to fnmatch, but with shell-like curly brace
+    expansion. For example, 'cp{36,37}-*' would match either of 'cp36-*' or
+    'cp37-*'.
+    """
+    patterns_list = patterns.split()
+    expanded_patterns = itertools.chain.from_iterable(bracex.expand(p) for p in patterns_list)
+    return any(fnmatch.fnmatch(string, pat) for pat in expanded_patterns)
+
+
+# Once we require Python 3.10+, we can add kw_only=True
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildSelector:
+    """
+    This class holds a set of build/skip patterns. You call an instance with a
+    build identifier, and it returns True if that identifier should be
+    included. Only call this on valid identifiers, ones that have at least 2
+    numeric digits before the first dash.
+    """
+
+    build_config: str
+    skip_config: str
+    requires_python: SpecifierSet | None = None
+
+    # a pattern that skips prerelease versions, when include_prereleases is False.
+    PRERELEASE_SKIP: ClassVar[str] = ""
+    prerelease_pythons: bool = False
+
+    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
+        # Filter build selectors by python_requires if set
+        if self.requires_python is not None:
+            py_ver_str = build_id.split("-")[0]
+            major = int(py_ver_str[2])
+            minor = int(py_ver_str[3:])
+            version = Version(f"{major}.{minor}.99")
+            if not self.requires_python.contains(version):
+                return False
+
+        # filter out the prerelease pythons if self.prerelease_pythons is False
+        if not self.prerelease_pythons and selector_matches(self.PRERELEASE_SKIP, build_id):
+            return False
+
+        should_build = selector_matches(self.build_config, build_id)
+        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
+
+        return should_build and not should_skip
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+        return {
+            "build_config": self.build_config,
+            "skip_config": self.skip_config,
+            "requires_python": str(self.requires_python),
+            "prerelease_pythons": self.prerelease_pythons,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TestSelector:
+    """
+    A build selector that can only skip tests according to a skip pattern.
+    """
+
+    skip_config: str
+
+    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
+        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
+        return not should_skip
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+        return {"skip_config": self.skip_config}
+
+
+# Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/107717
+class Unbuffered:
+    def __init__(self, stream: TextIO) -> None:
+        self.stream = stream
+
+    def write(self, data: str) -> None:
+        self.stream.write(data)
+        self.stream.flush()
+
+    def writelines(self, data: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        self.stream.writelines(data)
+        self.stream.flush()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self.stream, attr)
+
+
+def download(url: str, dest: Path) -> None:
+    print(f"+ Download {url} to {dest}")
+    dest_dir = dest.parent
+    if not dest_dir.exists():
+        dest_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+
+    # we've had issues when relying on the host OS' CA certificates on Windows,
+    # so we use certifi (this sounds odd but requests also does this by default)
+    cafile = os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_FILE", certifi.where())
+    context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=cafile)
+    repeat_num = 3
+    for i in range(repeat_num):
+        try:
+            with urllib.request.urlopen(url, context=context) as response:
+                dest.write_bytes(response.read())
+                return
+
+        except OSError:
+            if i == repeat_num - 1:
+                raise
+            sleep(3)
+
+
+class DependencyConstraints:
+    def __init__(self, base_file_path: Path):
+        assert base_file_path.exists()
+        self.base_file_path = base_file_path.resolve()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def with_defaults() -> DependencyConstraints:
+        return DependencyConstraints(base_file_path=resources_dir / "constraints.txt")
+
+    def get_for_python_version(self, version: str) -> Path:
+        version_parts = version.split(".")
+
+        # try to find a version-specific dependency file e.g. if
+        # ./constraints.txt is the base, look for ./constraints-python36.txt
+        specific_stem = self.base_file_path.stem + f"-python{version_parts[0]}{version_parts[1]}"
+        specific_name = specific_stem + self.base_file_path.suffix
+        specific_file_path = self.base_file_path.with_name(specific_name)
+
+        if specific_file_path.exists():
+            return specific_file_path
+        else:
+            return self.base_file_path
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.base_file_path!r})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(o, DependencyConstraints):
+            return False
+
+        return self.base_file_path == o.base_file_path
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+        if self == DependencyConstraints.with_defaults():
+            return "pinned"
+        else:
+            return self.base_file_path.name
+
+
+BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build"]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildFrontendConfig:
+    name: BuildFrontendName
+    args: Sequence[str] = ()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_config_string(config_string: str) -> BuildFrontendConfig:
+        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, ["name"], ["args"])
+        name = " ".join(config_dict["name"])
+        if name not in {"pip", "build"}:
+            msg = f"Unrecognised build frontend {name}, only 'pip' and 'build' are supported"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        name = typing.cast(BuildFrontendName, name)
+
+        args = config_dict.get("args") or []
+        return BuildFrontendConfig(name=name, args=args)
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
+        if not self.args:
+            return self.name
+        else:
+            return {"name": self.name, "args": repr(self.args)}
+
+
+class NonPlatformWheelError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = textwrap.dedent(
+            """
+            cibuildwheel: Build failed because a pure Python wheel was generated.
+
+            If you intend to build a pure-Python wheel, you don't need cibuildwheel - use
+            `pip wheel -w DEST_DIR .` instead.
+
+            If you expected a platform wheel, check your project configuration, or run
+            cibuildwheel with CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY=1 to view build logs.
+            """
+        )
+
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class AlreadyBuiltWheelError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, wheel_name: str) -> None:
+        message = textwrap.dedent(
+            f"""
+            cibuildwheel: Build failed because a wheel named {wheel_name} was already generated in the current run.
+
+            If you expected another wheel to be generated, check your project configuration, or run
+            cibuildwheel with CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY=1 to view build logs.
+            """
+        )
+
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+def strtobool(val: str) -> bool:
+    return val.lower() in {"y", "yes", "t", "true", "on", "1"}
+
+
+class CIProvider(Enum):
+    travis_ci = "travis"
+    appveyor = "appveyor"
+    circle_ci = "circle_ci"
+    azure_pipelines = "azure_pipelines"
+    github_actions = "github_actions"
+    gitlab = "gitlab"
+    cirrus_ci = "cirrus_ci"
+    other = "other"
+
+
+def detect_ci_provider() -> CIProvider | None:
+    if "TRAVIS" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.travis_ci
+    elif "APPVEYOR" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.appveyor
+    elif "CIRCLECI" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.circle_ci
+    elif "AZURE_HTTP_USER_AGENT" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.azure_pipelines
+    elif "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.github_actions
+    elif "GITLAB_CI" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.gitlab
+    elif "CIRRUS_CI" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.cirrus_ci
+    elif strtobool(os.environ.get("CI", "false")):
+        return CIProvider.other
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def unwrap(text: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Unwraps multi-line text to a single line
+    """
+    # remove initial line indent
+    text = textwrap.dedent(text)
+    # remove leading/trailing whitespace
+    text = text.strip()
+    # remove consecutive whitespace
+    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class FileReport:
+    name: str
+    size: str
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """
+    Prints the new items in a directory upon exiting. The message to display
+    can include {n} for number of wheels, {s} for total number of seconds,
+    and/or {m} for total number of minutes. Does not print anything if this
+    exits via exception.
+    """
+
+    start_time = time.time()
+    existing_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
+    yield
+    final_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
+
+    new_contents = [
+        FileReport(wheel.name, f"{(wheel.stat().st_size + 1023) // 1024:,d}")
+        for wheel in final_contents - existing_contents
+    ]
+
+    if not new_contents:
+        return
+
+    max_name_len = max(len(f.name) for f in new_contents)
+    max_size_len = max(len(f.size) for f in new_contents)
+    n = len(new_contents)
+    s = time.time() - start_time
+    m = s / 60
+    print(
+        msg.format(n=n, s=s, m=m),
+        *sorted(
+            f"  {f.name:<{max_name_len}s}   {f.size:>{max_size_len}s} kB" for f in new_contents
+        ),
+        sep="\n",
+    )
+
+
+def get_pip_version(env: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
+    versions_output_text = call(
+        "python", "-m", "pip", "freeze", "--all", capture_stdout=True, env=env
+    )
+    (pip_version,) = (
+        version[5:]
+        for version in versions_output_text.strip().splitlines()
+        if version.startswith("pip==")
+    )
+    return pip_version
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _ensure_virtualenv() -> Path:
+    input_file = resources_dir / "virtualenv.toml"
+    with input_file.open("rb") as f:
+        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
+    version = str(loaded_file["version"])
+    url = str(loaded_file["url"])
+    path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"virtualenv-{version}.pyz"
+    with FileLock(str(path) + ".lock"):
+        if not path.exists():
+            download(url, path)
+    return path
+
+
+def _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(
+    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
+) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Parses the constraints file referenced by `dependency_constraint_flags` and returns a dict where
+    the key is the package name, and the value is the constraint version.
+    If a package version cannot be found, its value is "embed" meaning that virtualenv will install
+    its bundled version, already available locally.
+    The function does not try to be too smart and just handles basic constraints.
+    If it can't get an exact version, the real constraint will be handled by the
+    {macos|windows}.setup_python function.
+    """
+    assert len(dependency_constraint_flags) in {0, 2}
+    packages = ["pip", "setuptools", "wheel"]
+    constraints_dict = {package: "embed" for package in packages}
+    if len(dependency_constraint_flags) == 2:
+        assert dependency_constraint_flags[0] == "-c"
+        constraint_path = Path(dependency_constraint_flags[1])
+        assert constraint_path.exists()
+        with constraint_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as constraint_file:
+            for line_ in constraint_file:
+                line = line_.strip()
+                if not line:
+                    continue
+                if line.startswith("#"):
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    requirement = Requirement(line)
+                    package = requirement.name
+                    if (
+                        package not in packages
+                        or requirement.url is not None
+                        or requirement.marker is not None
+                        or len(requirement.extras) != 0
+                        or len(requirement.specifier) != 1
+                    ):
+                        continue
+                    specifier = next(iter(requirement.specifier))
+                    if specifier.operator != "==":
+                        continue
+                    constraints_dict[package] = specifier.version
+                except InvalidRequirement:
+                    continue
+    return constraints_dict
+
+
+def virtualenv(
+    python: Path, venv_path: Path, dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr]
+) -> dict[str, str]:
+    assert python.exists()
+    virtualenv_app = _ensure_virtualenv()
+    constraints = _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(dependency_constraint_flags)
+    additional_flags = [f"--{package}={version}" for package, version in constraints.items()]
+
+    # Using symlinks to pre-installed seed packages is really the fastest way to get a virtual
+    # environment. The initial cost is a bit higher but reusing is much faster.
+    # Windows does not always allow symlinks so just disabling for now.
+    # Requires pip>=19.3 so disabling for "embed" because this means we don't know what's the
+    # version of pip that will end-up installed.
+    # c.f. https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/cli_interface.html#section-seeder
+    if (
+        not IS_WIN
+        and constraints["pip"] != "embed"
+        and Version(constraints["pip"]) >= Version("19.3")
+    ):
+        additional_flags.append("--symlink-app-data")
+
+    call(
+        sys.executable,
+        "-sS",  # just the stdlib, https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/2133#issuecomment-1003710125
+        virtualenv_app,
+        "--activators=",
+        "--no-periodic-update",
+        *additional_flags,
+        "--python",
+        python,
+        venv_path,
+    )
+    paths = [str(venv_path), str(venv_path / "Scripts")] if IS_WIN else [str(venv_path / "bin")]
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([*paths, env["PATH"]])
+    return env
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=PurePath)
+
+
+def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
+    """
+    Finds a wheel with an abi3 or a none ABI tag in `wheels` compatible with the Python interpreter
+    specified by `identifier` that is previously built.
+    """
+
+    interpreter, platform = identifier.split("-")
+    for wheel in wheels:
+        _, _, _, tags = parse_wheel_filename(wheel.name)
+        for tag in tags:
+            if tag.abi == "abi3":
+                # ABI3 wheels must start with cp3 for impl and tag
+                if not (interpreter.startswith("cp3") and tag.interpreter.startswith("cp3")):
+                    continue
+            elif tag.abi == "none":
+                # CPythonless wheels must include py3 tag
+                if tag.interpreter[:3] != "py3":
+                    continue
+            else:
+                # Other types of wheels are not detected, this is looking for previously built wheels.
+                continue
+
+            if tag.interpreter != "py3" and int(tag.interpreter[3:]) > int(interpreter[3:]):
+                # If a minor version number is given, it has to be lower than the current one.
+                continue
+
+            if platform.startswith(("manylinux", "musllinux", "macosx")):
+                # Linux, macOS require the beginning and ending match (macos/manylinux version doesn't need to)
+                os_, arch = platform.split("_", 1)
+                if not tag.platform.startswith(os_):
+                    continue
+                if not tag.platform.endswith(f"_{arch}"):
+                    continue
+            else:
+                # Windows should exactly match
+                if tag.platform != platform:
+                    continue
+
+            # If all the filters above pass, then the wheel is a previously built compatible wheel.
+            return wheel
+
+    return None
+
+
+# Can be replaced by contextlib.chdir in Python 3.11
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def chdir(new_path: Path | str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """Non thread-safe context manager to change the current working directory."""
+
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    try:
+        os.chdir(new_path)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(cwd)
+
+
+def fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions(text: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Github Actions forgets the current ANSI style on every new line. This
+    function repeats the current ANSI style on every new line.
+    """
+    ansi_code_regex = re.compile(r"(\033\[[0-9;]*m)")
+    ansi_codes: list[str] = []
+    output = ""
+
+    for line in text.splitlines(keepends=True):
+        # add the current ANSI codes to the beginning of the line
+        output += "".join(ansi_codes) + line
+
+        # split the line at each ANSI code
+        parts = ansi_code_regex.split(line)
+        # if there are any ANSI codes, save them
+        if len(parts) > 1:
+            # iterate over the ANSI codes in this line
+            for code in parts[1::2]:
+                if code == "\033[0m":
+                    # reset the list of ANSI codes when the clear code is found
+                    ansi_codes = []
+                else:
+                    ansi_codes.append(code)
+
+    return output
+
+
+def parse_key_value_string(
+    key_value_string: str,
+    positional_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    kw_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
+    """
+    Parses a string like "docker; create_args: --some-option=value another-option"
+    """
+    if positional_arg_names is None:
+        positional_arg_names = []
+    if kw_arg_names is None:
+        kw_arg_names = []
+
+    all_field_names = [*positional_arg_names, *kw_arg_names]
+
+    shlexer = shlex.shlex(key_value_string, posix=True, punctuation_chars=";")
+    shlexer.commenters = ""
+    shlexer.whitespace_split = True
+    parts = list(shlexer)
+    # parts now looks like
+    # ['docker', ';', 'create_args:', '--some-option=value', 'another-option']
+
+    # split by semicolon
+    fields = [list(group) for k, group in itertools.groupby(parts, lambda x: x == ";") if not k]
+
+    result: defaultdict[str, list[str]] = defaultdict(list)
+    for field_i, field in enumerate(fields):
+        # check to see if the option name is specified
+        field_name, sep, first_value = field[0].partition(":")
+        if sep:
+            if field_name not in all_field_names:
+                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Unknown field name {field_name!r}"
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+
+            values = ([first_value] if first_value else []) + field[1:]
+        else:
+            try:
+                field_name = positional_arg_names[field_i]
+            except IndexError:
+                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Too many positional arguments - expected a maximum of {len(positional_arg_names)}"
+                raise ValueError(msg) from None
+
+            values = field
+
+        result[field_name] += values
+
+    return dict(result)
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import shlex
-import shutil
-import subprocess
-import sys
-import typing
-from collections.abc import Mapping
-from typing import Final, Literal
-
-from ..errors import FatalError
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
-
-_IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
-
-
-@typing.overload
-def call(
-    *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
-    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
-    capture_stdout: Literal[False] = ...,
-) -> None: ...
-
-
-@typing.overload
-def call(
-    *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
-    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
-    capture_stdout: Literal[True],
-) -> str: ...
-
-
-def call(
-    *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
-    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
-    capture_stdout: bool = False,
-) -> str | None:
-    """
-    Run subprocess.run, but print the commands first. Takes the commands as
-    *args. Uses shell=True on Windows due to a bug. Also converts to
-    Paths to strings, due to Windows behavior at least on older Pythons.
-    https://bugs.python.org/issue8557
-    """
-    args_ = [str(arg) for arg in args]
-    # print the command executing for the logs
-    print("+ " + " ".join(shlex.quote(a) for a in args_))
-    # workaround platform behaviour differences outlined
-    # in https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/52803
-    path_env = env if env is not None else os.environ
-    path = path_env.get("PATH", None)
-    executable = shutil.which(args_[0], path=path)
-    if executable is None:
-        msg = f"Couldn't find {args_[0]!r} in PATH {path!r}"
-        raise FatalError(msg)
-    args_[0] = executable
-    try:
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            args_,
-            check=True,
-            shell=_IS_WIN,
-            env=env,
-            cwd=cwd,
-            capture_output=capture_stdout,
-            text=capture_stdout,
-        )
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-        if capture_stdout:
-            sys.stderr.write(e.stderr)
-        raise
-    if not capture_stdout:
-        return None
-    sys.stderr.write(result.stderr)
-    return typing.cast(str, result.stdout)
-
-
-def shell(
-    *commands: str, env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None, cwd: PathOrStr | None = None
-) -> None:
-    command = " ".join(commands)
-    print(f"+ {command}")
-    subprocess.run(command, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import shutil
-import ssl
-import tarfile
-import time
-import urllib.request
-from collections.abc import Callable
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from typing import Final
-from zipfile import ZipFile
-
-import certifi
-from platformdirs import user_cache_path
-
-from ..errors import FatalError
-
-DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
-CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
-    os.environ.get("CIBW_CACHE_PATH", DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH)
-).resolve()
-
-
-def download(url: str, dest: Path) -> None:
-    print(f"+ Download {url} to {dest}")
-    dest_dir = dest.parent
-    dest_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    # we've had issues when relying on the host OS' CA certificates on Windows,
-    # so we use certifi (this sounds odd but requests also does this by default)
-    cafile = os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_FILE", certifi.where())
-    context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=cafile)
-    repeat_num = 3
-    for i in range(repeat_num):
-        try:
-            with urllib.request.urlopen(url, context=context) as response:
-                dest.write_bytes(response.read())
-                return
-
-        except OSError:
-            if i == repeat_num - 1:
-                raise
-            time.sleep(3)
-
-
-def extract_zip(zip_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
-    """Extracts a zip and correctly sets permissions on extracted files.
-
-    Notes:
-        - sets permissions to the same values as they were set in the archive
-        - files with no clear permissions in `external_attr` will be extracted with default values
-    """
-    with ZipFile(zip_src) as zip_:
-        for zinfo in zip_.filelist:
-            zip_.extract(zinfo, dest)
-
-            # Set permissions to the same values as they were set in the archive
-            # We have to do this manually due to https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/59999
-            permissions = (zinfo.external_attr >> 16) & 0o777
-            if permissions != 0:
-                dest.joinpath(zinfo.filename).chmod(permissions)
-
-
-def extract_tar(tar_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
-    """Extracts a tar file using the stdlib 'tar' filter.
-
-    See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tarfile.html#tarfile.tar_filter for filter details
-    """
-    with tarfile.open(tar_src) as tar_:
-        tar_.extraction_filter = getattr(tarfile, "tar_filter", (lambda member, _: member))
-        tar_.extractall(dest)
-
-
-def move_file(src_file: Path, dst_file: Path) -> Path:
-    """Moves a file safely while avoiding potential semantic confusion:
-
-    1. `dst_file` must point to the target filename, not a directory
-    2. `dst_file` will be overwritten if it already exists
-    3. any missing parent directories will be created
-
-    Returns the fully resolved Path of the resulting file.
-
-    Raises:
-        NotADirectoryError: If any part of the intermediate path to `dst_file` is an existing file
-        IsADirectoryError: If `dst_file` points directly to an existing directory
-    """
-    src_file = src_file.resolve(strict=True)
-    dst_file = dst_file.resolve()
-
-    if dst_file.is_dir():
-        msg = "dst_file must be a valid target filename, not an existing directory."
-        raise IsADirectoryError(msg)
-    dst_file.unlink(missing_ok=True)
-    dst_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    # using shutil.move() as Path.rename() is not guaranteed to work across filesystem boundaries
-    # explicit str() needed for Python 3.8
-    resulting_file = shutil.move(str(src_file), str(dst_file))
-    return Path(resulting_file).resolve(strict=True)
-
-
-def copy_into_local(src: Path, dst: PurePath) -> None:
-    """Copy a path from src to dst, regardless of whether it's a file or a directory."""
-    # Ensure the target folder location exists
-    Path(dst.parent).mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
-
-    if src.is_dir():
-        shutil.copytree(src, dst)
-    else:
-        shutil.copy(src, dst)
-
-
-def copy_test_sources(
-    test_sources: list[str],
-    package_dir: Path,
-    test_dir: PurePath,
-    copy_into: Callable[[Path, PurePath], None] = copy_into_local,
-) -> None:
-    """Copy the list of test sources from the package to the test directory.
-
-    :param test_sources: A list of test paths, relative to the package_dir.
-    :param package_dir: The root of the package directory.
-    :param test_dir: The folder where test sources should be placed.
-    :param copy_info: The copy function to use. By default, does a local
-        filesystem copy; but an OCIContainer.copy_info method (or equivalent)
-        can be provided.
-    """
-    for test_path in test_sources:
-        source = package_dir.resolve() / test_path
-
-        if not source.exists():
-            msg = f"Test source {test_path} does not exist."
-            raise FatalError(msg)
-
-        copy_into(source, test_dir / test_path)
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-import itertools
-import os
-import re
-import shlex
-import textwrap
-from collections import defaultdict
-from collections.abc import Sequence
-from functools import total_ordering
-
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
-
-
-def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
-    """
-    Works similarly to `template.format(**kwargs)`, except that unmatched
-    fields in `template` are passed through untouched.
-
-    >>> format_safe('{a} {b}', a='123')
-    '123 {b}'
-    >>> format_safe('{a} {b[4]:3f}', a='123')
-    '123 {b[4]:3f}'
-
-    To avoid variable expansion, precede with a single backslash e.g.
-    >>> format_safe('\\{a} {b}', a='123')
-    '{a} {b}'
-    """
-
-    result = template
-
-    for key, value in kwargs.items():
-        find_pattern = re.compile(
-            rf"""
-                (?<!\#)  # don't match if preceded by a hash
-                {{  # literal open curly bracket
-                {re.escape(key)}  # the field name
-                }}  # literal close curly bracket
-            """,
-            re.VERBOSE,
-        )
-
-        result = re.sub(
-            pattern=find_pattern,
-            repl=str(value).replace("\\", r"\\"),
-            string=result,
-        )
-
-        # transform escaped sequences into their literal equivalents
-        result = result.replace(f"#{{{key}}}", f"{{{key}}}")
-
-    return result
-
-
-def prepare_command(command: str, **kwargs: PathOrStr) -> str:
-    """
-    Preprocesses a command by expanding variables like {project}.
-
-    For example, used in the test_command option to specify the path to the
-    project's root. Unmatched syntax will mostly be allowed through.
-    """
-    return format_safe(command, **kwargs)
-
-
-def strtobool(val: str) -> bool:
-    return val.lower() in {"y", "yes", "t", "true", "on", "1"}
-
-
-def unwrap(text: str) -> str:
-    """
-    Unwraps multi-line text to a single line
-    """
-    # remove initial line indent
-    text = textwrap.dedent(text)
-    # remove leading/trailing whitespace
-    text = text.strip()
-    # remove consecutive whitespace
-    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text)
-
-
-def unwrap_preserving_paragraphs(text: str) -> str:
-    """
-    Unwraps multi-line text to a single line, but preserves paragraphs
-    """
-    # remove initial line indent
-    text = textwrap.dedent(text)
-    # remove leading/trailing whitespace
-    text = text.strip()
-
-    paragraphs = text.split("\n\n")
-    # remove consecutive whitespace
-    paragraphs = [re.sub(r"\s+", " ", paragraph) for paragraph in paragraphs]
-    return "\n\n".join(paragraphs)
-
-
-def parse_key_value_string(
-    key_value_string: str,
-    positional_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
-    kw_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
-) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
-    """
-    Parses a string like "docker; create_args: --some-option=value another-option"
-    """
-    if positional_arg_names is None:
-        positional_arg_names = []
-    if kw_arg_names is None:
-        kw_arg_names = []
-
-    all_field_names = [*positional_arg_names, *kw_arg_names]
-
-    shlexer = shlex.shlex(key_value_string, posix=True, punctuation_chars=";")
-    shlexer.commenters = ""
-    shlexer.whitespace_split = True
-    parts = list(shlexer)
-    # parts now looks like
-    # ['docker', ';', 'create_args:', '--some-option=value', 'another-option']
-
-    # split by semicolon
-    fields = [list(group) for k, group in itertools.groupby(parts, lambda x: x == ";") if not k]
-
-    result: defaultdict[str, list[str]] = defaultdict(list)
-    for field_i, field in enumerate(fields):
-        # check to see if the option name is specified
-        field_name, sep, first_value = field[0].partition(":")
-        if sep:
-            if field_name not in all_field_names:
-                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Unknown field name {field_name!r}"
-                raise ValueError(msg)
-
-            values = ([first_value] if first_value else []) + field[1:]
-        else:
-            try:
-                field_name = positional_arg_names[field_i]
-            except IndexError:
-                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Too many positional arguments - expected a maximum of {len(positional_arg_names)}"
-                raise ValueError(msg) from None
-
-            values = field
-
-        result[field_name] += values
-
-    return dict(result)
-
-
-@total_ordering
-class FlexibleVersion:
-    version_str: str
-    version_parts: tuple[int, ...]
-    suffix: str
-
-    def __init__(self, version_str: str) -> None:
-        self.version_str = version_str
-
-        # Split into numeric parts and the optional suffix
-        match = re.match(r"^[v]?(\d+(\.\d+)*)(.*)$", version_str)
-        if not match:
-            msg = f"Invalid version string: {version_str}"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-        version_part, _, suffix = match.groups()
-
-        # Convert numeric version part into a tuple of integers
-        self.version_parts = tuple(map(int, version_part.split(".")))
-        self.suffix = suffix.strip() if suffix else ""
-
-        # Normalize by removing trailing zeros
-        self.version_parts = self._remove_trailing_zeros(self.version_parts)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _remove_trailing_zeros(parts: tuple[int, ...]) -> tuple[int, ...]:
-        # Remove trailing zeros for accurate comparisons
-        # without this, "3.0" would be considered greater than "3"
-        while parts and parts[-1] == 0:
-            parts = parts[:-1]
-        return parts
-
-    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
-        if not isinstance(other, FlexibleVersion):
-            raise NotImplementedError()
-        return (self.version_parts, self.suffix) == (other.version_parts, other.suffix)
-
-    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
-        if not isinstance(other, FlexibleVersion):
-            raise NotImplementedError()
-        return (self.version_parts, self.suffix) < (other.version_parts, other.suffix)
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"FlexibleVersion('{self.version_str}')"
-
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return self.version_str
@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-import shlex
-from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from typing import Any, Literal, Self, TypeVar
-
-from packaging.utils import parse_wheel_filename
-
-from . import resources
-from .cmd import call
-from .helpers import parse_key_value_string, unwrap
-
-
-@dataclass(kw_only=True)
-class DependencyConstraints:
-    base_file_path: Path | None = None
-    packages: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-
-    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
-        if self.packages and self.base_file_path is not None:
-            msg = "Cannot specify both a file and packages in the dependency constraints"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-        if self.base_file_path is not None:
-            if not self.base_file_path.exists():
-                msg = f"Dependency constraints file not found: {self.base_file_path}"
-                raise FileNotFoundError(msg)
-            self.base_file_path = self.base_file_path.resolve()
-
-    @classmethod
-    def pinned(cls) -> Self:
-        return cls(base_file_path=resources.CONSTRAINTS)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def latest(cls) -> Self:
-        return cls()
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self:
-        if config_string == "pinned":
-            return cls.pinned()
-
-        if config_string == "latest" or not config_string:
-            return cls.latest()
-
-        if config_string.startswith(("file:", "packages:")):
-            # we only do the table-style parsing if it looks like a table,
-            # because this option used to be only a file path. We don't want
-            # to break existing configurations, whose file paths might include
-            # special characters like ':' or ' ', which would require quoting
-            # if they were to be passed as a parse_key_value_string positional
-            # argument.
-            return cls.from_table_style_config_string(config_string)
-
-        return cls(base_file_path=Path(config_string))
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_table_style_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self:
-        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, kw_arg_names=["file", "packages"])
-        files = config_dict.get("file")
-        packages = config_dict.get("packages") or []
-
-        if files and packages:
-            msg = "Cannot specify both a file and packages in dependency-versions"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-        if files:
-            if len(files) > 1:
-                msg = unwrap("""
-                    Only one file can be specified in dependency-versions.
-                    If you intended to pass only one, perhaps you need to quote the path?
-                """)
-                raise ValueError(msg)
-
-            return cls(base_file_path=Path(files[0]))
-
-        return cls(packages=packages)
-
-    def get_for_python_version(
-        self, *, version: str, variant: Literal["python", "pyodide"] = "python", tmp_dir: Path
-    ) -> Path | None:
-        if self.packages:
-            constraint_file = tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
-            constraint_file.write_text("\n".join(self.packages))
-            return constraint_file
-
-        if self.base_file_path is not None:
-            version_parts = version.split(".")
-
-            # try to find a version-specific dependency file e.g. if
-            # ./constraints.txt is the base, look for ./constraints-python36.txt
-            specific_stem = (
-                self.base_file_path.stem + f"-{variant}{version_parts[0]}{version_parts[1]}"
-            )
-            specific_name = specific_stem + self.base_file_path.suffix
-            specific_file_path = self.base_file_path.with_name(specific_name)
-
-            if specific_file_path.exists():
-                return specific_file_path
-            else:
-                return self.base_file_path
-
-        return None
-
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
-        if self == DependencyConstraints.pinned():
-            return "pinned"
-        elif self.packages:
-            return {"packages": " ".join(shlex.quote(p) for p in self.packages)}
-        elif self.base_file_path is not None:
-            return self.base_file_path.name
-        else:
-            return "latest"
-
-
-def get_pip_version(env: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
-    versions_output_text = call(
-        "python", "-m", "pip", "freeze", "--all", capture_stdout=True, env=env
-    )
-    (pip_version,) = (
-        version[5:]
-        for version in versions_output_text.strip().splitlines()
-        if version.startswith("pip==")
-    )
-    return pip_version
-
-
-T = TypeVar("T", bound=PurePath)
-
-
-def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
-    """
-    Finds a wheel with an abi3 or a none ABI tag in `wheels` compatible with the Python interpreter
-    specified by `identifier` that is previously built.
-    """
-
-    interpreter, platform = identifier.split("-", 1)
-    interpreter = interpreter.split("_")[0]
-    free_threaded = interpreter.endswith("t")
-    if free_threaded:
-        interpreter = interpreter[:-1]
-    for wheel in wheels:
-        _, _, _, tags = parse_wheel_filename(wheel.name)
-        for tag in tags:
-            if tag.abi == "abi3" and not free_threaded:
-                # ABI3 wheels must start with cp3 for impl and tag
-                if not (interpreter.startswith("cp3") and tag.interpreter.startswith("cp3")):
-                    continue
-            elif tag.abi == "none":
-                # CPythonless wheels must include py3 tag
-                if tag.interpreter[:3] != "py3":
-                    continue
-            else:
-                # Other types of wheels are not detected, this is looking for previously built wheels.
-                continue
-
-            if tag.interpreter != "py3" and int(tag.interpreter[3:]) > int(interpreter[3:]):
-                # If a minor version number is given, it has to be lower than the current one.
-                continue
-
-            if platform.startswith(("manylinux", "musllinux", "macosx", "ios")):
-                # Linux, macOS, and iOS require the beginning and ending match
-                # (macos/manylinux/iOS version number doesn't need to match)
-                os_, arch = platform.split("_", 1)
-                if not tag.platform.startswith(os_):
-                    continue
-                if not tag.platform.endswith(f"_{arch}"):
-                    continue
-            elif platform.startswith("pyodide"):
-                # each Pyodide version has its own platform tag
-                continue
-            else:
-                # Windows should exactly match
-                if tag.platform != platform:
-                    continue
-
-            # If all the filters above pass, then the wheel is a previously built compatible wheel.
-            return wheel
-
-    return None
-
-
-def combine_constraints(
-    env: MutableMapping[str, str], /, constraints_path: Path, tmp_dir: Path | None
-) -> None:
-    """
-    This will workaround a bug in pip<=21.1.1 or uv<=0.2.0 if a tmp_dir is given.
-    If set to None, this will use the modern URI method.
-    """
-
-    if tmp_dir:
-        if " " in str(constraints_path):
-            assert " " not in str(tmp_dir)
-            tmp_file = tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
-            tmp_file.write_bytes(constraints_path.read_bytes())
-            constraints_path = tmp_file
-        our_constraints = str(constraints_path)
-    else:
-        our_constraints = (
-            constraints_path.as_uri() if " " in str(constraints_path) else str(constraints_path)
-        )
-
-    user_constraints = env.get("PIP_CONSTRAINT")
-
-    env["UV_CONSTRAINT"] = env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = " ".join(
-        c for c in [our_constraints, user_constraints] if c
-    )
@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
-import fnmatch
-import functools
-import json
-import platform
-import typing
-from pathlib import Path
-
-from filelock import FileLock
-
-from cibuildwheel.util.file import download, extract_tar
-from cibuildwheel.util.resources import PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES
-
-
-class PythonBuildStandaloneAsset(typing.TypedDict):
-    name: str
-    url: str
-
-
-class PythonBuildStandaloneRelease(typing.TypedDict):
-    tag: str
-    assets: list[PythonBuildStandaloneAsset]
-
-
-class PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData(typing.TypedDict):
-    releases: list[PythonBuildStandaloneRelease]
-
-
-@functools.cache
-def get_python_build_standalone_release_data() -> PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData:
-    with open(PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES, "rb") as f:
-        return typing.cast(PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData, json.load(f))
-
-
-class PythonBuildStandaloneError(Exception):
-    """Errors related to python-build-standalone."""
-
-
-def _get_platform_identifiers() -> tuple[str, str, str | None]:
-    """
-    Detects the current platform and returns architecture, platform, and libc
-    identifiers.
-    """
-    system = platform.system()
-    machine = platform.machine()
-    machine_lower = machine.lower()
-
-    arch_identifier: str
-    platform_identifier: str
-    libc_identifier: str | None = None
-
-    # Map Architecture
-    if machine_lower in ["x86_64", "amd64"]:
-        arch_identifier = "x86_64"
-    elif machine_lower in ["aarch64", "arm64"]:
-        arch_identifier = "aarch64"
-    else:
-        msg = f"Unsupported architecture: {system} {machine}. Cannot download appropriate Python build."
-        raise PythonBuildStandaloneError(msg)
-
-    # Map OS + Libc
-    if system == "Linux":
-        platform_identifier = "unknown-linux"
-        libc_identifier = "musl" if "musl" in (platform.libc_ver() or ("", "")) else "gnu"
-    elif system == "Darwin":
-        platform_identifier = "apple-darwin"
-    elif system == "Windows":
-        platform_identifier = "pc-windows-msvc"
-    else:
-        msg = f"Unsupported operating system: {system}. Cannot download appropriate Python build."
-        raise PythonBuildStandaloneError(msg)
-
-    print(
-        f"Detected platform: arch='{arch_identifier}', platform='{platform_identifier}', libc='{libc_identifier}'"
-    )
-    return arch_identifier, platform_identifier, libc_identifier
-
-
-def _get_pbs_asset(
-    *,
-    python_version: str,
-    arch_identifier: str,
-    platform_identifier: str,
-    libc_identifier: str | None,
-) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
-    """Finds the asset, returning (tag, filename, url)."""
-    release_data = get_python_build_standalone_release_data()
-
-    expected_suffix = f"{arch_identifier}-{platform_identifier}"
-    if libc_identifier:
-        expected_suffix += f"-{libc_identifier}"
-    expected_suffix += "-install_only.tar.gz"
-
-    asset_pattern = f"cpython-{python_version}.*-{expected_suffix}"
-    print(f"Looking for file with pattern {asset_pattern}")
-
-    for release in release_data["releases"]:
-        for asset in release["assets"]:
-            asset_name = asset["name"]
-            if not fnmatch.fnmatch(asset_name, asset_pattern):
-                continue
-
-            asset_url = asset["url"]
-            return release["tag"], asset_url, asset_name
-
-    # If loop completes without finding a match
-    msg = f"Could not find python-build-standalone release asset matching {asset_pattern!r}."
-    raise PythonBuildStandaloneError(msg)
-
-
-def _download_or_get_from_cache(asset_url: str, asset_filename: str, cache_dir: Path) -> Path:
-    with FileLock(cache_dir / (asset_filename + ".lock")):
-        asset_cache_path = cache_dir / asset_filename
-        if asset_cache_path.is_file():
-            print(f"Using cached python_build_standalone: {asset_cache_path}")
-            return asset_cache_path
-
-        print(f"Downloading python_build_standalone: {asset_url} to {asset_cache_path}")
-        download(asset_url, asset_cache_path)
-        return asset_cache_path
-
-
-def _find_python_executable(extracted_dir: Path) -> Path:
-    """Finds the python executable within the extracted directory structure."""
-    # Structure is typically 'python/bin/python' or 'python/python.exe'
-    base_install_dir = extracted_dir / "python"
-
-    if platform.system() == "Windows":
-        executable_path = base_install_dir / "python.exe"
-    else:
-        executable_path = base_install_dir / "bin" / "python"
-
-    if not executable_path.is_file():
-        msg = f"Could not locate python executable at expected path {executable_path} within {extracted_dir}."
-        raise PythonBuildStandaloneError(msg)
-
-    print(f"Found python executable: {executable_path}")
-    return executable_path.resolve()  # Return absolute path
-
-
-def create_python_build_standalone_environment(
-    python_version: str, temp_dir: Path, cache_dir: Path
-) -> Path:
-    """
-    Returns a Python environment from python-build-standalone, downloading it
-    if necessary using a cache, and expanding it into a fresh base path.
-
-    Args:
-        python_version: The Python version string (e.g., "3.12").
-        temp_dir: A directory where the Python environment will be created.
-        cache_dir: A directory to store/retrieve downloaded archives.
-
-    Returns:
-        The absolute path to the python executable within the created environment (in temp_dir).
-
-    Raises:
-        PythonBuildStandaloneError: If the platform is unsupported, the build cannot be found,
-                    download/extraction fails, or configuration is invalid.
-    """
-
-    print(f"Creating python-build-standalone environment: version={python_version}")
-
-    arch_id, platform_id, libc_id = _get_platform_identifiers()
-
-    pbs_tag, asset_url, asset_filename = _get_pbs_asset(
-        python_version=python_version,
-        arch_identifier=arch_id,
-        platform_identifier=platform_id,
-        libc_identifier=libc_id,
-    )
-
-    print(f"Using python-build-standalone release: {pbs_tag}")
-
-    archive_path = _download_or_get_from_cache(
-        asset_url=asset_url, asset_filename=asset_filename, cache_dir=cache_dir
-    )
-
-    python_base_dir = temp_dir / "pbs"
-    assert not python_base_dir.exists()
-    extract_tar(archive_path, python_base_dir)
-
-    return _find_python_executable(python_base_dir)
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-import tomllib
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Final
-
-from ..typing import PlatformName
-
-PATH: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "resources"
-INSTALL_CERTIFI_SCRIPT: Final[Path] = PATH / "install_certifi.py"
-FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_313: Final[Path] = PATH / "free-threaded-enable-313.xml"
-FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_314: Final[Path] = PATH / "free-threaded-enable-314.xml"
-NODEJS: Final[Path] = PATH / "nodejs.toml"
-DEFAULTS: Final[Path] = PATH / "defaults.toml"
-PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES: Final[Path] = PATH / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
-BUILD_PLATFORMS: Final[Path] = PATH / "build-platforms.toml"
-CONSTRAINTS: Final[Path] = PATH / "constraints.txt"
-VIRTUALENV: Final[Path] = PATH / "virtualenv.toml"
-CIBUILDWHEEL_SCHEMA: Final[Path] = PATH / "cibuildwheel.schema.json"
-PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES: Final[Path] = PATH / "python-build-standalone-releases.json"
-TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE: Final[Path] = PATH / "testing_temp_dir_file.py"
-
-
-# this value is cached because it's used a lot in unit tests
-@functools.cache
-def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
-    with BUILD_PLATFORMS.open("rb") as f:
-        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
-    results: list[dict[str, str]] = list(loaded_file[config]["python_configurations"])
-    return results
@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-import contextlib
-import functools
-import os
-import shutil
-import sys
-import tomllib
-from collections.abc import Sequence
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Final
-
-from filelock import FileLock
-from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
-from packaging.version import Version
-
-from .util import resources
-from .util.cmd import call
-from .util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download
-
-_IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
-
-
-@functools.cache
-def _ensure_virtualenv(version: str) -> tuple[Path, Version]:
-    version_parts = version.split(".")
-    key = f"py{version_parts[0]}{version_parts[1]}"
-    with resources.VIRTUALENV.open("rb") as f:
-        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
-    configuration = loaded_file.get(key, loaded_file["default"])
-    version = str(configuration["version"])
-    url = str(configuration["url"])
-    path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"virtualenv-{version}.pyz"
-    with FileLock(str(path) + ".lock"):
-        if not path.exists():
-            download(url, path)
-    return (path, Version(version))
-
-
-def constraint_flags(
-    dependency_constraint: Path | None,
-) -> Sequence[str]:
-    """
-    Returns the flags to pass to pip for the given dependency constraint.
-    """
-
-    return ["-c", dependency_constraint.as_uri()] if dependency_constraint else []
-
-
-def _parse_pip_constraint_for_virtualenv(
-    constraint_path: Path | None,
-) -> str:
-    """
-    Parses the constraints file referenced by `dependency_constraint_flags` and returns a dict where
-    the key is the package name, and the value is the constraint version.
-    If a package version cannot be found, its value is "embed" meaning that virtualenv will install
-    its bundled version, already available locally.
-    The function does not try to be too smart and just handles basic constraints.
-    If it can't get an exact version, the real constraint will be handled by the
-    {macos|windows}.setup_python function.
-    """
-    if constraint_path:
-        assert constraint_path.exists()
-        with constraint_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as constraint_file:
-            for line_ in constraint_file:
-                line = line_.strip()
-                if not line:
-                    continue
-                if line.startswith("#"):
-                    continue
-                try:
-                    requirement = Requirement(line)
-                    package = requirement.name
-                    if (
-                        package != "pip"
-                        or requirement.url is not None
-                        or requirement.marker is not None
-                        or len(requirement.extras) != 0
-                        or len(requirement.specifier) != 1
-                    ):
-                        continue
-                    specifier = next(iter(requirement.specifier))
-                    if specifier.operator != "==":
-                        continue
-                    return specifier.version
-                except InvalidRequirement:
-                    continue
-    return "embed"
-
-
-def virtualenv(
-    version: str,
-    python: Path,
-    venv_path: Path,
-    dependency_constraint: Path | None,
-    *,
-    use_uv: bool,
-    env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
-    pip_version: str | None = None,
-) -> dict[str, str]:
-    """
-    Create a virtual environment. If `use_uv` is True,
-    dependency_constraint_flags are ignored since nothing is installed in the
-    venv. Otherwise, pip is installed.
-    """
-
-    # virtualenv may fail if this is a symlink.
-    python = python.resolve()
-
-    assert python.exists()
-
-    if use_uv:
-        call("uv", "venv", venv_path, "--python", python)
-    else:
-        virtualenv_app, virtualenv_version = _ensure_virtualenv(version)
-        if pip_version is None:
-            pip_version = _parse_pip_constraint_for_virtualenv(dependency_constraint)
-        additional_flags = [f"--pip={pip_version}", "--no-setuptools"]
-        if virtualenv_version < Version("20.31") or Version(version) < Version("3.9"):
-            additional_flags.append("--no-wheel")
-
-        # Using symlinks to pre-installed seed packages is really the fastest way to get a virtual
-        # environment. The initial cost is a bit higher but reusing is much faster.
-        # Windows does not always allow symlinks so just disabling for now.
-        # Requires pip>=19.3 so disabling for "embed" because this means we don't know what's the
-        # version of pip that will end-up installed.
-        # c.f. https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/cli_interface.html#section-seeder
-        if not _IS_WIN and pip_version != "embed" and Version(pip_version) >= Version("19.3"):
-            additional_flags.append("--symlink-app-data")
-
-        call(
-            sys.executable,
-            "-sS",  # just the stdlib, https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/2133#issuecomment-1003710125
-            virtualenv_app,
-            "--activators=",
-            "--no-periodic-update",
-            *additional_flags,
-            "--python",
-            python,
-            venv_path,
-        )
-    paths = [str(venv_path), str(venv_path / "Scripts")] if _IS_WIN else [str(venv_path / "bin")]
-    venv_env = os.environ.copy() if env is None else env.copy()
-    venv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([*paths, venv_env["PATH"]])
-    venv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_path)
-    if not use_uv and pip_version == "embed":
-        call(
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "pip",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-            env=venv_env,
-            cwd=venv_path,
-        )
-    return venv_env
-
-
-def find_uv() -> Path | None:
-    # Prefer uv in our environment
-    with contextlib.suppress(ImportError, FileNotFoundError):
-        # pylint: disable-next=import-outside-toplevel
-        from uv import find_uv_bin
-
-        return Path(find_uv_bin())
-
-    uv_on_path = shutil.which("uv")
-    return Path(uv_on_path) if uv_on_path else None
@@ -1,35 +1,50 @@
-import dataclasses
-import json
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 import platform as platform_module
 import shutil
 import subprocess
+import sys
 import textwrap
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Set
-from functools import cache
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Sequence, Set
+from contextlib import suppress
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import assert_never
+from zipfile import ZipFile

 from filelock import FileLock
+from packaging.version import Version

-from .. import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
-from ..options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, extract_zip, move_file
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
+from .architecture import Architecture
+from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from .logger import log
+from .options import Options
+from .typing import PathOrStr
+from .util import (
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildFrontendName,
+    BuildSelector,
+    NonPlatformWheelError,
+    call,
+    download,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
+    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
+    get_pip_version,
+    prepare_command,
+    read_python_configs,
+    shell,
+    split_config_settings,
+    test_fail_cwd_file,
+    unwrap,
+    virtualenv,
+)


-def get_nuget_args(
-    version: str, arch: str, free_threaded: bool, output_directory: Path
-) -> list[str]:
+def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str, output_directory: Path) -> list[str]:
    package_name = {
        "32": "pythonx86",
        "64": "python",
@@ -38,8 +53,6 @@ def get_nuget_args(
        "x86": "pythonx86",
        "AMD64": "python",
    }[arch]
-    if free_threaded:
-        package_name = f"{package_name}-freethreaded"
    return [
        package_name,
        "-Version",
@@ -51,7 +64,7 @@ def get_nuget_args(
    ]


-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
    version: str
    arch: str
@@ -59,16 +72,13 @@ class PythonConfiguration:
    url: str | None = None


-def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    config_dicts = resources.read_python_configs("windows")
-    return [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in config_dicts]
-
-
 def get_python_configurations(
    build_selector: BuildSelector,
    architectures: Set[Architecture],
 ) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    python_configurations = all_python_configurations()
+    full_python_configs = read_python_configs("windows")
+
+    python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]

    map_arch = {"32": Architecture.x86, "64": Architecture.AMD64, "ARM64": Architecture.ARM64}

@@ -82,7 +92,12 @@ def get_python_configurations(
    return python_configurations


-@cache
+def extract_zip(zip_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
+    with ZipFile(zip_src) as zip_:
+        zip_.extractall(dest)
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
 def _ensure_nuget() -> Path:
    nuget = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "nuget.exe"
    with FileLock(str(nuget) + ".lock"):
@@ -91,16 +106,11 @@ def _ensure_nuget() -> Path:
    return nuget


-def install_cpython(configuration: PythonConfiguration, arch: str | None = None) -> Path:
-    version = configuration.version
-    free_threaded = "t-" in configuration.identifier
-    if arch is None:
-        arch = configuration.arch
+def install_cpython(version: str, arch: str) -> Path:
    base_output_dir = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "nuget-cpython"
-    nuget_args = get_nuget_args(version, arch, free_threaded, base_output_dir)
+    nuget_args = get_nuget_args(version, arch, base_output_dir)
    installation_path = base_output_dir / (nuget_args[0] + "." + version) / "tools"
-    free_threaded_str = "-freethreaded" if free_threaded else ""
-    with FileLock(str(base_output_dir) + f"-{version}{free_threaded_str}-{arch}.lock"):
+    with FileLock(str(base_output_dir) + f"-{version}-{arch}.lock"):
        if not installation_path.exists():
            nuget = _ensure_nuget()
            call(nuget, "install", *nuget_args)
@@ -124,20 +134,6 @@ def install_pypy(tmp: Path, arch: str, url: str) -> Path:
    return installation_path / "python.exe"


-def install_graalpy(tmp: Path, url: str) -> Path:
-    zip_filename = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
-    extension = ".zip"
-    assert zip_filename.endswith(extension)
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / zip_filename[: -len(extension)]
-    with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
-        if not installation_path.exists():
-            graalpy_zip = tmp / zip_filename
-            download(url, graalpy_zip)
-            # Extract to the parent directory because the zip file still contains a directory
-            extract_zip(graalpy_zip, installation_path.parent)
-    return installation_path / "bin" / "graalpy.exe"
-
-
 def setup_setuptools_cross_compile(
    tmp: Path,
    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
@@ -152,16 +148,6 @@ def setup_setuptools_cross_compile(
    # set the platform name
    map_plat = {"32": "win32", "64": "win-amd64", "ARM64": "win-arm64"}
    plat_name = map_plat[python_configuration.arch]
-
-    # Set environment variable so that setuptools._distutils.get_platform()
-    # identifies the target, not the host
-    vscmd_arg_tgt_arch = {"32": "x86", "64": "x64", "ARM64": "arm64"}
-    current_tgt_arch = vscmd_arg_tgt_arch[python_configuration.arch]
-    if (env.get("VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH") or current_tgt_arch) != current_tgt_arch:
-        msg = f"VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH must be set to {current_tgt_arch!r}, got {env['VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH']!r}. If you're setting up MSVC yourself (e.g. using vcvarsall.bat or msvc-dev-cmd), make sure to target the right architecture. Alternatively, run cibuildwheel without configuring MSVC, and let the build backend handle it."
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    env["VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH"] = current_tgt_arch
-
    # (This file must be default/locale encoding, so we can't pass 'encoding')
    distutils_cfg.write_text(
        textwrap.dedent(
@@ -225,150 +211,138 @@ def setup_rust_cross_compile(
        )


-def can_use_uv(python_configuration: PythonConfiguration) -> bool:
-    conditions = (not python_configuration.identifier.startswith("pp38-"),)
-    return all(conditions)
-
-
 def setup_python(
    tmp: Path,
    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
-    dependency_constraint: Path | None,
+    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
    environment: ParsedEnvironment,
    build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
-) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
    tmp.mkdir()
    implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
    python_libs_base = None
    log.step(f"Installing Python {implementation_id}...")
    if implementation_id.startswith("cp"):
        native_arch = platform_module.machine()
-        base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration)
        if python_configuration.arch == "ARM64" != native_arch:
            # To cross-compile for ARM64, we need a native CPython to run the
            # build, and a copy of the ARM64 import libraries ('.\libs\*.lib')
            # for any extension modules.
-            python_libs_base = base_python.parent / "libs"
+            python_libs_base = install_cpython(
+                python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch
+            )
+            python_libs_base = python_libs_base.parent / "libs"
            log.step(f"Installing native Python {native_arch} for cross-compilation...")
-            base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration, arch=native_arch)
+            base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration.version, native_arch)
+        else:
+            base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch)
    elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
        assert python_configuration.url is not None
        base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.arch, python_configuration.url)
-    elif implementation_id.startswith("gp"):
-        base_python = install_graalpy(tmp, python_configuration.url or "")
    else:
        msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
        raise ValueError(msg)
    assert base_python.exists()

-    if build_frontend == "build[uv]" and not can_use_uv(python_configuration):
-        build_frontend = "build"
-
-    use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]"
-    uv_path = find_uv()
-
    log.step("Setting up build environment...")
    venv_path = tmp / "venv"
-    env = virtualenv(
-        python_configuration.version,
-        base_python,
-        venv_path,
-        dependency_constraint,
-        use_uv=use_uv,
-    )
+    env = virtualenv(base_python, venv_path, dependency_constraint_flags)

    # set up environment variables for run_with_env
    env["PYTHON_VERSION"] = python_configuration.version
    env["PYTHON_ARCH"] = python_configuration.arch
    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"

+    # pip older than 21.3 builds executables such as pip.exe for x64 platform.
+    # The first re-install of pip updates pip module but builds pip.exe using
+    # the old pip which still generates x64 executable. But the second
+    # re-install uses updated pip and correctly builds pip.exe for the target.
+    # This can be removed once ARM64 Pythons (currently 3.9 and 3.10) bundle
+    # pip versions newer than 21.3.
+    if python_configuration.arch == "ARM64" and Version(get_pip_version(env)) < Version("21.3"):
+        call(
+            "python",
+            "-m",
+            "pip",
+            "install",
+            "--force-reinstall",
+            "--upgrade",
+            "pip",
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
+            env=env,
+            cwd=venv_path,
+        )
+
+    # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
+    # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip.exe'
+    call(
+        "python",
+        "-m",
+        "pip",
+        "install",
+        "--upgrade",
+        "pip",
+        *dependency_constraint_flags,
+        env=env,
+        cwd=venv_path,
+    )
+
    # update env with results from CIBW_ENVIRONMENT
    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)

    # check what Python version we're on
-    where_python = call("where", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).splitlines()[0].strip()
-    print(where_python)
-    if where_python != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "python.exe"):
-        msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+    call("where", "python", env=env)
    call("python", "--version", env=env)
    call("python", "-c", "\"import struct; print(struct.calcsize('P') * 8)\"", env=env)
+    where_python = call("where", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).splitlines()[0].strip()
+    if where_python != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "python.exe"):
+        print(
+            "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)

    # check what pip version we're on
-    if not use_uv:
-        assert (venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists()
-        where_pip = call("where", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).splitlines()[0].strip()
-        print(where_pip)
-        if where_pip.strip() != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe"):
-            msg = "pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
-            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-        call("pip", "--version", env=env)
+    assert (venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists()
+    where_pip = call("where", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).splitlines()[0].strip()
+    if where_pip.strip() != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe"):
+        print(
+            "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    call("pip", "--version", env=env)

    log.step("Installing build tools...")
-    if build_frontend == "build":
+    if build_frontend == "pip":
+        call(
+            "pip",
+            "install",
+            "--upgrade",
+            "setuptools",
+            "wheel",
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
+            env=env,
+        )
+    elif build_frontend == "build":
        call(
            "pip",
            "install",
            "--upgrade",
            "build[virtualenv]",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-            env=env,
-        )
-    elif build_frontend == "build[uv]":
-        assert uv_path is not None
-        call(
-            uv_path,
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "build[virtualenv]",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
            env=env,
        )
+    else:
+        assert_never(build_frontend)

    if python_libs_base:
        # Set up the environment for various backends to enable cross-compilation
        setup_setuptools_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
        setup_rust_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)

-    if implementation_id.startswith("gp"):
-        # GraalPy fails to discover compilers, setup the relevant environment
-        # variables. Adapted from
-        # https://github.com/microsoft/vswhere/wiki/Start-Developer-Command-Prompt
-        # Remove when https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/492 is fixed.
-        vcpath = subprocess.check_output(
-            [
-                Path(os.environ["PROGRAMFILES(X86)"])
-                / "Microsoft Visual Studio"
-                / "Installer"
-                / "vswhere.exe",
-                "-products",
-                "*",
-                "-latest",
-                "-property",
-                "installationPath",
-            ],
-            text=True,
-        ).strip()
-        log.notice(f"Discovering Visual Studio for GraalPy at {vcpath}")
-        vcvars = subprocess.check_output(
-            [
-                f"{vcpath}\\Common7\\Tools\\vsdevcmd.bat",
-                "-no_logo",
-                "-arch=amd64",
-                "-host_arch=amd64",
-                "&&",
-                "python",
-                "-c",
-                "import os, json, sys; json.dump(dict(os.environ), sys.stdout);",
-            ],
-            shell=True,
-            text=True,
-            env=env,
-        )
-        env.update(json.loads(vcvars))
-
-    return base_python, env
+    return env


 def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -395,9 +369,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:

        for config in python_configurations:
            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
-
-            use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" and can_use_uv(config)
+            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
            log.build_start(config.identifier)

            identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
@@ -405,20 +377,21 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
            built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
            repaired_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "repaired_wheel"

-            constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                version=config.version,
-                tmp_dir=identifier_tmp_dir,
-            )
+            dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr] = []
+            if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+                dependency_constraint_flags = [
+                    "-c",
+                    build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version),
+                ]

            # install Python
-            base_python, env = setup_python(
+            env = setup_python(
                identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
                config,
-                constraints_path,
+                dependency_constraint_flags,
                build_options.environment,
                build_frontend.name,
            )
-            pip_version = None if use_uv else get_pip_version(env)

            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
            if compatible_wheel:
@@ -441,34 +414,13 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                log.step("Building wheel...")
                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()

-                extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                extra_flags = split_config_settings(
+                    build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name
                )
-
-                if (
-                    config.identifier.startswith("gp")
-                    and build_frontend.name == "build"
-                    and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags
-                    and "-n" not in extra_flags
-                ):
-                    # GraalPy fails to discover its standard library when a venv is created
-                    # from a virtualenv seeded executable. See
-                    # https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/491 and remove this once
-                    # fixed upstream.
-                    log.notice(
-                        "Disabling build isolation to workaround GraalPy bug. If the build fails, consider using pip or build[uv] as build frontend."
-                    )
-                    shell("graalpy -m pip install setuptools wheel", env=env)
-                    extra_flags = [*extra_flags, "-n"]
-
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if pip_version is not None:
-                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir)
+                extra_flags += build_frontend.args

                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
+                    extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                    # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                    # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
                    call(
@@ -480,22 +432,41 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
                        "--no-deps",
                        *extra_flags,
-                        env=build_env,
+                        env=env,
                    )
-                elif build_frontend.name == "build" or build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
-                    if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
-                        extra_flags.append("--installer=uv")
+                elif build_frontend.name == "build":
+                    if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
+                        msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
+                        log.warning(msg)
+                    build_env = env.copy()
+                    if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+                        constraints_path = (
+                            build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                                config.version
+                            )
+                        )
+                        # Bug in pip <= 21.1.3 - we can't have a space in the
+                        # constraints file, and pip doesn't support drive letters
+                        # in uhi.  After probably pip 21.2, we can use uri. For
+                        # now, use a temporary file.
+                        if " " in str(constraints_path):
+                            assert " " not in str(identifier_tmp_dir)
+                            tmp_file = identifier_tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
+                            tmp_file.write_bytes(constraints_path.read_bytes())
+                            constraints_path = tmp_file

-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "build",
-                        build_options.package_dir,
-                        "--wheel",
-                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        *extra_flags,
-                        env=build_env,
-                    )
+                        build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = str(constraints_path)
+                        build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = get_pip_version(env)
+                        call(
+                            "python",
+                            "-m",
+                            "build",
+                            build_options.package_dir,
+                            "--wheel",
+                            f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                            env=build_env,
+                        )
                else:
                    assert_never(build_frontend)

@@ -505,7 +476,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()

                if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                    raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
+                    raise NonPlatformWheelError()

                if build_options.repair_command:
                    log.step("Repairing wheel...")
@@ -518,13 +489,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                else:
                    shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)

-                try:
-                    repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
-                except StopIteration:
-                    raise errors.RepairStepProducedNoWheelError() from None
+                repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))

                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
-                    raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
+                    raise AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)

            test_selected = options.globals.test_selector(config.identifier)
            if test_selected and config.arch == "ARM64" != platform_module.machine():
@@ -542,22 +510,19 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                log.step("Testing wheel...")
                # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
                # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
+                call("pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
                venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "venv-test"
-                virtualenv_env = virtualenv(
-                    config.version,
-                    base_python,
-                    venv_dir,
-                    None,
-                    use_uv=use_uv,
-                    env=env,
-                    pip_version=pip_version,
-                )

-                # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2358 for discussion
-                virtualenv_env["PYTHONSAFEPATH"] = "1"
+                # Use --no-download to ensure determinism by using seed libraries
+                # built into virtualenv
+                call("python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir, env=env)

-                virtualenv_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
-                    prev_environment=virtualenv_env
+                virtualenv_env = env.copy()
+                virtualenv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
+                    [
+                        str(venv_dir / "Scripts"),
+                        virtualenv_env["PATH"],
+                    ]
                )

                # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
@@ -571,11 +536,9 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                    )
                    shell(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)

-                pip = ["uv", "pip"] if use_uv else ["pip"]
-
                # install the wheel
                call(
-                    *pip,
+                    "pip",
                    "install",
                    str(repaired_wheel) + build_options.test_extras,
                    env=virtualenv_env,
@@ -583,42 +546,30 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:

                # test the wheel
                if build_options.test_requires:
-                    call(*pip, "install", *build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)
+                    call("pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)

                # run the tests from a temp dir, with an absolute path in the command
                # (this ensures that Python runs the tests against the installed wheel
                # and not the repo code)
-                test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"
-                test_cwd.mkdir()
-
-                if build_options.test_sources:
-                    copy_test_sources(
-                        build_options.test_sources,
-                        build_options.package_dir,
-                        test_cwd,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    # Use the test_fail.py file to raise a nice error if the user
-                    # tries to run tests in the cwd
-                    (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(resources.TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE.read_text())
-
                test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
                    build_options.test_command,
-                    project=Path.cwd(),
+                    project=Path(".").resolve(),
                    package=options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
                    wheel=repaired_wheel,
                )
+                test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"
+                test_cwd.mkdir()
+                (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(test_fail_cwd_file.read_text())
+
                shell(test_command_prepared, cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)

            # we're all done here; move it to output (remove if already exists)
            if compatible_wheel is None:
-                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(repaired_wheel.name)
-                moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
-                if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
-                    log.warning(
-                        f"{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
-                    )
-                built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
+                with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+                    (build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name).unlink()
+
+                shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
+                built_wheels.append(build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name)

            # clean up
            # (we ignore errors because occasionally Windows fails to unlink a file and we
@@ -627,5 +578,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:

            log.build_end()
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
-        msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error
+        log.step_end_with_error(
+            f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout}"
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
@@ -4,246 +4,6 @@ title: Changelog

 # Changelog

-### v3.0.0
-
-Not yet released, but available for testing.
-
-Note - when using a beta version, be sure to check the [latest docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/), rather than the stable version, which is still on v2.X.
-
-If you've used previous versions of the beta:
- ⚠️ Previous betas of v3.0 changed the working directory for tests. This has been rolled back to the v2.x behaviour, so you might need to change configs if you adapted to the beta 1 or 2 behaviour. See [issue #2406](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2406) for more information.
- ⚠️ GraalPy shipped with the identifier `gp242-*` in previous betas, this has been changed to `gp311_242-*` to be consistent with other interpreters, and to fix a bug with GraalPy and project requires-python detection. If you were using GraalPy, you might need to update your config to use the new identifier.
-
-#### v3.0.0b3
-
-_28 May 2025_
-
- 🛠 Reverts the test working dir (when test-sources isn't set) to a temporary dir, rather than the project. (#2420)
- 📚 Docs now primarily use the pyproject.toml name of options, rather than the environment variable name. (#2389)
-
-#### v3.0.0b2
-
-_25 May 2025_
-
- ✨ Adds the [`CIBW_TEST_ENVIRONMENT`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#test-environment) option, which allows you to set environment variables for the test command. cibuildwheel now sets `PYTHONSAFEPATH=1` in test environments by default, to avoid picking up package imports from the local directory - we want to test the installed wheel, not the source tree! You can change that, or any other environment variable in the test environment using this option. (#2388)
- ✨ Improves support for Pyodide builds and adds the [`CIBW_PYODIDE_VERSION`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#pyodide-version) option, which allows you to specify the version of Pyodide to use for builds. (#2002)
-
-#### v3.0.0b1
-
-_19 May 2025_
-
- 🌟 Adds the ability to [build wheels for iOS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/platforms/#ios)! Set the [`platform` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#platform) to `ios` on a Mac with the iOS toolchain to try it out!
- 🌟 Adds support for the GraalPy interpreter! Enable for your project using the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#enable). (#1538)
- ✨ Adds CPython 3.14 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.14.0b1.
-
-    _While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.14 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag._ (#2390)
- ✨ Adds the [test-sources option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#test-sources), and changes the working directory for tests.
-
-    - If this option is set, cibuildwheel will copy the files and folders specified in `test-sources` into a temporary directory, and run the tests from there. This is required for iOS builds, but also useful for other platforms, as it allows you to test the installed wheel without any chance of accidentally importing from the source tree.
-    - ~If this option is not set, cibuildwheel will run the tests in the source tree. This is a change from the previous behavior, where cibuildwheel would run the tests from a temporary directory. We're still investigating what's best here, so if you encounter any issues with this, please let us know in [issue #2406](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2406).~
-    - If this option is not set, behaviour matches v2.x - cibuildwheel will run the tests from a temporary directory, and you can use the `{project}` placeholder in the `test-command` to refer to the project directory.
-
- ✨ Added `dependency-versions` inline syntax (#2123)
- 🛠 EOL manylinux options can no longer be specified by their shortname. Full OCI URL can still be used for these images, if you wish (#2316)
- 🛠 Build environments no longer have setuptools and wheel preinstalled. (#2329)
- ⚠️ PyPy wheels no longer built by default, due to a change to our options system. To continue building PyPy wheels, you'll now need to set the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#enable) to `pypy` or `pypy-eol`.
- ⚠️ Dropped official support for Appveyor. If it was working for you before, it will probably continue to do so, but we can't be sure, because our CI doesn't run there anymore. (#2386)
- 📚 A reorganisation of the docs, and numerous updates (#2280)
-
-### v2.23.3
-
-_26 April 2025_
-
- 🛠 Dependency updates, including Python 3.13.3 (#2371)
-
-### v2.23.2
-
-_24 March 2025_
-
- 🐛 Workaround an issue with pyodide builds when running cibuildwheel with a Python that was installed via UV (#2328 via #2331)
- 🛠 Dependency updates, including a manylinux update that fixes an ['undefined symbol' error](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux/issues/1760) in gcc-toolset (#2334)
-
-
-### v2.23.1
-
-_15 March 2025_
-
- ⚠️ Added warnings when the shorthand values `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010`, `manylinux_2_24`, and `musllinux_1_1` are used to specify the images in linux builds. The shorthand to these (unmaintainted) images will be removed in v3.0. If you want to keep using these images, explicitly opt-in using the full image URL, which can be found in [this file](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/v2.23.1/cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg). (#2312)
- 🛠 Dependency updates, including a manylinux update which fixes an [issue with rustup](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2303). (#2315)
-
-### v2.23.0
-
-_1 March 2025_
-
- ✨ Adds official support for the new GitHub Actions Arm runners. In fact these worked out-of-the-box, now we include them in our tests and example configs. (#2135 via #2281)
- ✨ Adds support for building PyPy 3.11 wheels (#2268 via #2281)
- 🛠 Adopts the beta pypa/manylinux image for armv7l builds (#2269 via #2281)
- 🛠 Dependency updates, including Pyodide 0.27 (#2117 and #2281)
-
-### v2.22.0
-
-_23 November 2024_
-
- 🌟 Added a new `CIBW_ENABLE`/`enable` feature that replaces `CIBW_FREETHREADED_SUPPORT`/`free-threaded-support` and `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS` with a system that supports both. In cibuildwheel 3, this will also include a PyPy setting and the deprecated options will be removed. (#2048)
- 🌟 [Dependency groups](https://peps.python.org/pep-0735/) are now supported for tests. Use `CIBW_TEST_GROUPS`/`test-groups` to specify groups in `[dependency-groups]` for testing. (#2063)
- 🌟 Support for the experimental Ubuntu-based ARMv7l manylinux image (#2052)
- ✨ Show a warning when cibuildwheel is run from Python 3.10 or older; cibuildwheel 3.0 will require Python 3.11 or newer as host (#2050)
- 🐛 Fix issue with stderr interfering with checking the docker version (#2074)
- 🛠 Python 3.9 is now used in `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`/`before-all` on linux, replacing 3.8, which is now EoL (#2043)
- 🛠 Error messages for producing a pure-Python wheel are slightly more informative (#2044)
- 🛠 Better error when `uname -m` fails on ARM (#2049)
- 🛠 Better error when repair fails and docs for abi3audit on Windows (#2058)
- 🛠 Better error when `manylinux-interpreters ensure` fails (#2066)
- 🛠 Update Pyodide to 0.26.4, and adapt to the unbundled pyodide-build (now 0.29) (#2090)
- 🛠 Now cibuildwheel uses dependency-groups for development dependencies (#2064, #2085)
- 📚 Docs updates and tidy ups (#2061, #2067, #2072)
-
-
-### v2.21.3
-
-_9 October 2024_
-
- 🛠 Update CPython 3.13 to 3.13.0 final release (#2032)
- 📚 Docs updates and tidy ups (#2035)
-
-### v2.21.2
-
-_2 October 2024_
-
- ✨ Adds support for building 32-bit armv7l wheels on musllinux. On a Linux system with emulation set up, set [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs) to `armv7l` on Linux to try it out if you're interested! (#2017)
- 🐛 Fix Linux Podman builds on some systems (#2016)
- ✨ Adds official support for running on Python 3.13 (#2026)
- 🛠 Update CPython 3.13 to 3.13.0rc3 (#2029)
-
-Note: the default [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) is **scheduled to change** from `manylinux2014` to `manylinux_2_28` in a cibuildwheel release on or after **6th May 2025** - you can set the value now to avoid getting upgraded if you want. (#1992)
-
-### v2.21.1
-
-_16 September 2024_
-
- 🐛 Fix a bug in the Linux build, where files copied to the container would have invalid ownership permissions (#2007)
- 🐛 Fix a bug on Windows where cibuildwheel would call upon `uv` to install dependencies for versions of CPython that it does not support (#2005)
- 🐛 Fix a bug where `uv 0.4.10` would not use the right Python when testing on Linux. (#2008)
- 🛠 Bump our documentation pins, fixes an issue with a missing package (#2011)
-
-### v2.21.0
-
-_13 September 2024_
-
- ⚠️ Update CPython 3.12 to 3.12.6, which changes the macOS minimum deployment target on CPython 3.12 from macOS 10.9 to macOS 10.13 (#1998)
- 🛠 Changes the behaviour when inheriting `config-settings` in TOML overrides - rather than extending each key, which is rarely useful, individual keys will override previously set values. (#1803)
- 🛠 Update CPython 3.13 to 3.13.0rc2 (#1998)
- ✨ Adds support for multiarch OCI images (#1961)
- 🐛 Fixes some bugs building Linux wheels on macOS. (#1961)
- ⚠️ Changes the minimum version of Docker/Podman to Docker API version 1.43, Podman API version 3. The only mainstream runner this should affect is Travis Graviton2 runners - if so you can [upgrade your version of Docker](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/1961#issuecomment-2304060019). (#1961)
-
-
-### v2.20.0
-
-_4 August 2024_
-
- 🌟 CPython 3.13 wheels are now built by default - without the `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS` flag. It's time to build and upload these wheels to PyPI! This release includes CPython 3.13.0rc1, which is guaranteed to be ABI compatible with the final release. Free-threading is still behind a flag/config option. (#1950)
- ✨ Provide a `CIBW_ALLOW_EMPTY` environment variable as an alternative to the command line flag. (#1937)
- 🐛 Don't use uv on PyPy3.8 on Windows, it stopped working starting in 0.2.25. Note that PyPy 3.8 is EoL. (#1868)
- 🛠 Set the `VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH` variable based on target arch. (#1876)
- 🛠 Undo cleaner output on pytest 8-8.2 now that 8.3 is out. (#1943)
- 📚 Update examples to use Python 3.12 on host  (cibuildwheel will require Python 3.11+ on the host machine starting in October 2024) (#1919)
-
-
-### v2.19.2
-
-_2 July 2024_
-
- 🐛 Update manylinux2014 pins to versions that support past-EoL CentOS 7 mirrors. (#1917)
- 🐛 Support `--no-isolation` with `build[uv]` build-frontend. (#1889)
- 🛠 Provide attestations for releases at <https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/attestations>. (#1916)
- 🛠 Provide CPython 3.13.0b3. (#1913)
- 🛠 Remove some workarounds now that pip 21.1 is available. (#1891, #1892)
- 📚 Remove nosetest from our docs. (#1821)
- 📚 Document the macOS ARM workaround for 3.8 on GHA. (#1871)
- 📚 GitLab CI + macOS is now a supported platform with an example. (#1911)
-
-
-### v2.19.1
-
-_13 June 2024_
-
- 🐛 Don't require setup-python on GHA for Pyodide (#1868)
- 🐛 Specify full python path for uv (fixes issue in 0.2.10 & 0.2.11) (#1881)
- 🛠 Update for pip 24.1b2 on CPython 3.13. (#1879)
- 🛠 Fix a warning in our schema generation script. (#1866)
- 🛠 Cleaner output on pytest 8-8.2. (#1865)
-
-
-### v2.19.0
-
-_10 June 2024_
-
-See the [release post](https://iscinumpy.dev/post/cibuildwheel-2-19-0/) for more info on new features!
-
- 🌟 Add Pyodide platform. Set with `--platform pyodide` or `CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide` on Linux with a host Python 3.12 to build WebAssembly wheels. Not accepted on PyPI currently, but usable directly in a website using Pyodide, for live docs, etc. (#1456, #1859)
- 🌟 Add `build[uv]` backend, which will take a pre-existing uv install (or install `cibuildwheel[uv]`) and use `uv` for all environment setup and installs on Python 3.8+. This is significantly faster in most cases. (#1856)
- ✨ Add free-threaded macOS builds and update CPython to 3.13.0b2. (#1854)
- 🐛 Issue copying a wheel to a non-existent output dir fixed. (#1851, #1862)
- 🐛 Better determinism for the test environment seeding. (#1835)
- 🛠 `VIRTUAL_ENV` variable now set. (#1842)
- 🛠 Remove a pip<21.3 workaround. (#1842)
- 🛠 Error handling was refactored to use exceptions. (#1719)
- 🛠 Hardcoded paths in tests avoided. (#1834)
- 🛠 Single Python tests made more generic. (#1835)
- 🛠 Sped up our ci by splitting up emulation tests. (#1839)
-
-
-
-### v2.18.1
-
-_20 May 2024_
-
- 🌟 Add free-threaded Linux and Windows builds for 3.13. New identifiers `cp313t-*`, new option `CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT`/`tool.cibuildwheel.free-threaded-support` required to opt-in. [See the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#free-threaded-support) for more information. (#1831)
- ✨ The `container-engine` is now a build (non-global) option. (#1792)
- 🛠 The build backend for cibuildwheel is now hatchling. (#1297)
- 🛠 Significant improvements and modernization to our noxfile. (#1823)
- 🛠 Use pylint's new GitHub Actions reporter instead of a custom matcher. (#1823)
- 🛠 Unpin virtualenv updates for Python 3.7+ (#1830)
- 🐛 Fix running linux tests from Windows or macOS ARM. (#1788)
- 📚 Fix our documentation build. (#1821)
-
-
-### v2.18.0
-
-_12 May 2024_
-
- ✨ Adds CPython 3.13 support, under the prerelease flag [CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons). This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.13.0b1. Free-threading mode is not available yet (#1657), waiting on official binaries (planned for beta 2) and pip support.
-
-    _While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.13 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag._ (#1815)
-
- ✨ Musllinux now defaults to `musllinux_1_2`. You can set the older `musllinux_1_1` via config if needed. (#1817)
- 🛠 No longer pre-seed setuptools/wheel in virtual environments (#1819)
- 🛠 Respect the constraints file when building with pip, matching build (#1818)
- 🛠 Use uv to compile our pinned dependencies, 10x faster and doesn't require special setup (#1778)
- 🐛 Fix an issue with the schema (#1788)
- 📚 Document the new delocate error checking macOS versions (#1766)
- 📚 Document Rust builds (#1816)
- 📚 Speed up our readthedocs builds with uv, 26 seconds -> 6 seconds to install dependencies (#1816)
-
-
-### v2.17.0
-
-_11 March 2024_
-
- 🌟 Adds the ability to inherit configuration in TOML overrides. This makes certain configurations much simpler. If you're overriding an option like `before-build` or `environment`, and you just want to add an  extra command or environment variable, you can just append (or prepend) to the previous config. See [the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#inherit) for more information. (#1730)
- 🌟 Adds official support for native `arm64` macOS GitHub runners. To use them, just specify `macos-14` as an `os` of your job in your workflow file. You can also keep `macos-13` in your build matrix to build `x86_64`. Check out the new [GitHub Actions example config](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/setup/#github-actions).
- ✨ You no longer need to specify `--platform` to run cibuildwheel locally! Instead it will detect your platform automatically. This was a safety feature, no longer necessary. (#1727)
- 🛠 Removed setuptools and wheel pinned versions. This only affects old-style projects without a `pyproject.toml`, projects with `pyproject.toml` are already getting fresh versions of their `build-system.requires` installed into an isolated environment. (#1725)
- 🛠 Improve how the GitHub Action passes arguments (#1757)
- 🛠 Remove a system-wide install of pipx in the GitHub Action (#1745)
- 🐛 No longer will cibuildwheel override the `PIP_CONSTRAINT` environment variable when using the `build` frontend. Instead it will be extended. (#1675)
- 🐛 Fix a bug where building and testing both `x86_86` and `arm64` wheels on the same runner caused the wrong architectures in the test environment (#1750)
- 🐛 Fix a bug that prevented testing a CPython 3.8 wheel targeting macOS 11+ on `x86_64` (#1768)
- 📚 Moved the docs onto the official PyPA domain - they're now available at https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io . (#1775)
- 📚 Docs and examples improvements (#1762, #1734)
-
-
 ### v2.16.5

 _30 January 2024_
@@ -262,7 +22,7 @@ _28 January 2024_
 _26 January 2024_

 - 🐛 Fix a bug when building from sdist, where relative paths to files in the package didn't work because the working directory was wrong (#1687)
- 🛠 Adds the ability to disable mounting the host filesystem in containers to `/host`, through the `disable_host_mount` suboption on [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine).
+- 🛠 Adds the ability to disable mounting the host filesystem in containers to `/host`, through the `disable_host_mount` suboption on [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine).
 - 📚 A lot of docs improvements! (#1708, #1705, #1686, #1679, #1667, #1665)

 ### v2.16.2
@@ -270,7 +30,7 @@ _26 January 2024_
 _3 October 2023_

 - 🛠 Updates CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0, final release (#1635)
- ✨ Adds a debug option [`CIBW_DEBUG_KEEP_CONTAINER`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#cibw_debug_keep_container) to stop cibuildwheel deleting build containers after the build finishes. (#1620)
+- ✨ Adds a debug option [`CIBW_DEBUG_KEEP_CONTAINER`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#cibw_debug_keep_container) to stop cibuildwheel deleting build containers after the build finishes. (#1620)
 - 📚 Adds support for `[tool.cibuildwheel]` checking by adding a schema compatible with the [validate-pyproject](https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject/) tool (#1622, #1628, #1629)
 - 🐛 Fix parsing of `CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE` and `CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND` options to not break arguments on `:` characters (#1621)
 - 🐛 Fix the evaluation order of `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` and `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS` so that `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` assignments can reference environment variables passed through from the host machine. (#1617)
@@ -287,7 +47,7 @@ _26 September 2023_

 _18 September 2023_

- ✨ Add the ability to pass additional flags to a build frontend through the [CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) option (#1588).
+- ✨ Add the ability to pass additional flags to a build frontend through the [CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) option (#1588).
 - ✨ The environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is now automatically passed through to container Linux builds (useful for [reproducible builds](https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/source-date-epoch/)!) (#1589)
 - 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0rc2 (#1604)
 - 🐛 Fix `requires_python` auto-detection from setup.py when the call to `setup()` is within an `if __name__ == "__main__"` block (#1613)
@@ -316,7 +76,7 @@ _10 July 2023_
 - 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0b3.
 - ✨ Allow the use of the `{wheel}` placeholder in CIBW_TEST_COMMAND (#1533)
 - 📚 Docs & examples updates (#1532, #1416)
- ⚠️  Removed support for running cibuildwheel in Python 3.7. Python 3.7 is EOL. However, cibuildwheel continues to build Python 3.7 wheels for the moment. (#1175)
+- ⚠️ Removed support for running cibuildwheel in Python 3.7. Python 3.7 is EOL. However, cibuildwheel continues to build Python 3.7 wheels for the moment. (#1175)

 ### v2.13.1

@@ -329,11 +89,11 @@ _10 June 2023_

 _28 May 2023_

- ✨ Adds CPython 3.12 support, under the prerelease flag [CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons). This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.12.0b1.
+- ✨ Adds CPython 3.12 support, under the prerelease flag [CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons). This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.12.0b1.

    While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.12 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag. (#1507)

- ✨ Adds the ability to pass arguments to the container engine when the container is created, using the [CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) option. (#1499)
+- ✨ Adds the ability to pass arguments to the container engine when the container is created, using the [CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) option. (#1499)

 ### v2.12.3

@@ -388,7 +148,7 @@ _26 October 2022_
 - 🛠 Fix the default `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` on arm64 (#1312)
 - 🛠 Hide irrelevant pip warnings on linux (#1311)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug that caused the stdout and stderr of commands in containers to be in the wrong order Previously, stdout could appear after stderr. (#1324)
- 📚 Added [a FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#macos-building-cpython-38-wheels-on-arm64) describing how to perform native builds of CPython 3.8 wheels on Apple Silicon. (#1323)
+- 📚 Added [a FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#macos-building-cpython-38-wheels-on-arm64) describing how to perform native builds of CPython 3.8 wheels on Apple Silicon. (#1323)
 - 📚 Other docs improvements

 ### v2.11.1
@@ -401,7 +161,7 @@ _13 October 2022_

 _13 October 2022_

- 🌟 Adds support for cross-compiling Windows ARM64 wheels. To use this feature, add `ARM64` to the [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs) option on a Windows Intel runner. (#1144)
+- 🌟 Adds support for cross-compiling Windows ARM64 wheels. To use this feature, add `ARM64` to the [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs) option on a Windows Intel runner. (#1144)
 - ✨ Adds support for building Linux aarch64 wheels on Circle CI. (#1307)
 - ✨ Adds support for building Windows wheels on Gitlab CI. (#1295)
 - ✨ Adds support for building Linux aarch64 wheels under emulation on Gitlab CI. (#1295)
@@ -428,10 +188,10 @@ _18 September 2022_

 _13 September 2022_

- 🌟 Adds support for [building wheels on Cirrus CI](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/setup/#cirrus-ci). This is exciting for us, as it's the first public CI platform that natively supports macOS Apple Silicon (aka. M1, `arm64`) runners. As such, it's the first platform that you can natively build _and test_ macOS `arm64` wheels. It also has native Linux ARM (aarch64) runners, for fast, native builds there. (#1191)
+- 🌟 Adds support for [building wheels on Cirrus CI](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#cirrus-ci). This is exciting for us, as it's the first public CI platform that natively supports macOS Apple Silicon (aka. M1, `arm64`) runners. As such, it's the first platform that you can natively build _and test_ macOS `arm64` wheels. It also has native Linux ARM (aarch64) runners, for fast, native builds there. (#1191)
 - 🌟 Adds support for running cibuildwheel on Apple Silicon machines. For a while, we've supported cross-compilation of Apple Silicon wheels on `x86_64`, but now that we have Cirrus CI we can run our test suite and officially support running cibuildwheel on `arm64`. (#1191)
- ✨ Adds the `--only` [command line option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#command-line), to specify a single build to run. Previously, it could be cumbersome to set all the build selection options to target a specific build - for example, you might have to run something like `CIBW_BUILD=cp39-manylinux_x86_64 cibuildwheel --platform linux --archs x86_64`. The new `--only` option overrides all the build selection options to simplify running a single build, which now looks like `cibuildwheel --only cp39-manylinux_x86_64`. (#1098)
- ✨ Adds the [`CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) option, so you can pass arguments to your package's build backend (#1244)
+- ✨ Adds the `--only` [command line option](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line), to specify a single build to run. Previously, it could be cumbersome to set all the build selection options to target a specific build - for example, you might have to run something like `CIBW_BUILD=cp39-manylinux_x86_64 cibuildwheel --platform linux --archs x86_64`. The new `--only` option overrides all the build selection options to simplify running a single build, which now looks like `cibuildwheel --only cp39-manylinux_x86_64`. (#1098)
+- ✨ Adds the [`CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) option, so you can pass arguments to your package's build backend (#1244)
 - 🛠 Updates the CPython 3.11 version to the latest release candidate - v3.11.0rc2. (#1265)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug that can cause a RecursionError on Windows when building from an sdist. (#1253)
 - 🛠 Add support for the s390x architecture on manylinux_2_28 (#1255)
@@ -458,7 +218,7 @@ _18 July 2022_

 _5 July 2022_

- ✨ You can now run cibuildwheel on Podman, as an alternate container engine to Docker (which remains the default). This is useful in environments where a Docker daemon isn't available, for example, it can be run inside a Docker container, or without root access. To use Podman, set the [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) option. (#966)
+- ✨ You can now run cibuildwheel on Podman, as an alternate container engine to Docker (which remains the default). This is useful in environments where a Docker daemon isn't available, for example, it can be run inside a Docker container, or without root access. To use Podman, set the [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) option. (#966)
 - ✨ Adds support for building `py3-none-{platform}` wheels. This works the same as ABI3 - wheels won't be rebuilt, but tests will still be run across all selected versions of Python.

    These wheels contain native extension code, but don't use the Python APIs. Typically, they're bridged to Python using a FFI module like [ctypes](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html) or [cffi](https://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/). Because they don't use Python ABI, the wheels are more compatible - they work across many Python versions.
@@ -472,7 +232,7 @@ _5 July 2022_

 _17 June 2022_

- 🌟 Added support for the new `manylinux_2_28` images. These new images are based on AlmaLinux, the community-driven successor to CentOS, unlike manylinux_2_24, which was based on Debian. To build on these images, set your [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) option to `manylinux_2_28`. (#1026)
+- 🌟 Added support for the new `manylinux_2_28` images. These new images are based on AlmaLinux, the community-driven successor to CentOS, unlike manylinux_2_24, which was based on Debian. To build on these images, set your [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) option to `manylinux_2_28`. (#1026)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug where tests were not being run on CPython 3.11 (when CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS was set) (#1138)
 - ✨ You can now build Linux wheels on Windows, as long as you have Docker installed and set to 'Linux containers' (#1117)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug on macOS that caused cibuildwheel to crash trying to overwrite a previously-built wheel of the same name. (#1129)
@@ -487,15 +247,15 @@ _7 June 2022_

 _25 May 2022_

- 🌟 Added the ability to test building wheels on CPython 3.11! Because CPython 3.11 is in beta, these wheels should not be distributed, because they might not be compatible with the final release, but it's available to build for testing purposes. Use the flag [`--prerelease-pythons` or `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) to test. This version of cibuildwheel includes CPython 3.11.0b1. (#1109)
- 📚 Added an interactive diagram showing how cibuildwheel works to the [docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/#how-it-works) (#1100)
+- 🌟 Added the ability to test building wheels on CPython 3.11! Because CPython 3.11 is in beta, these wheels should not be distributed, because they might not be compatible with the final release, but it's available to build for testing purposes. Use the flag [`--prerelease-pythons` or `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) to test. This version of cibuildwheel includes CPython 3.11.0b1. (#1109)
+- 📚 Added an interactive diagram showing how cibuildwheel works to the [docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#how-it-works) (#1100)

 ### v2.5.0

 _29 April 2022_

- ✨ Added support for building ABI3 wheels. cibuildwheel will now recognise when an ABI3 wheel was produced, and skip subsequent build steps where the previously built wheel is compatible. Tests still will run on all selected versions of Python, using the ABI3 wheel. Check [this entry](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#abi3) in the docs for more info. (#1091)
- ✨ You can now build wheels directly from sdist archives, in addition to source directories. Just call cibuildwheel with an sdist argument on the command line, like `cibuildwheel mypackage-1.0.0.tar.gz`. For more details, check the [`--help` output](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#command-line) (#1096)
+- ✨ Added support for building ABI3 wheels. cibuildwheel will now recognise when an ABI3 wheel was produced, and skip subsequent build steps where the previously built wheel is compatible. Tests still will run on all selected versions of Python, using the ABI3 wheel. Check [this entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#abi3) in the docs for more info. (#1091)
+- ✨ You can now build wheels directly from sdist archives, in addition to source directories. Just call cibuildwheel with an sdist argument on the command line, like `cibuildwheel mypackage-1.0.0.tar.gz`. For more details, check the [`--help` output](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line) (#1096)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug where cibuildwheel would crash when no builds are selected and `--allow-empty` is passed (#1086)
 - 🐛 Workaround a permissions issue on Linux relating to newer versions of git and setuptools_scm (#1095)
 - 📚 Minor docs improvements
@@ -504,7 +264,7 @@ _29 April 2022_

 _2 April 2022_

- ✨ cibuildwheel now supports running locally on Windows and macOS (as well as Linux). On macOS, you'll have to install the versions of Pythons that you want to use from Python.org, and cibuildwheel will use them. On Windows, cibuildwheel will install it's own versions of Python. Check out [the documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/setup/#local) for instructions. (#974)
+- ✨ cibuildwheel now supports running locally on Windows and macOS (as well as Linux). On macOS, you'll have to install the versions of Pythons that you want to use from Python.org, and cibuildwheel will use them. On Windows, cibuildwheel will install it's own versions of Python. Check out [the documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#local) for instructions. (#974)
 - ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.9 wheels. (#1031)
 - ✨ Listing at the end of the build now displays the size of each wheel (#975)
 - 🐛 Workaround a connection timeout bug on Travis CI ppc64le runners (#906)
@@ -524,12 +284,12 @@ _14 December 2021_

 _26 November 2021_

- 📈 cibuildwheel now defaults to manylinux2014 image for linux builds, rather than manylinux2010. If you want to stick with manylinux2010, it's simple to set this using [the image options](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image). (#926)
- ✨ You can now pass environment variables from the host machine into the Docker container during a Linux build. Check out [the docs for `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX `](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#environment-pass) for the details. (#914)
+- 📈 cibuildwheel now defaults to manylinux2014 image for linux builds, rather than manylinux2010. If you want to stick with manylinux2010, it's simple to set this using [the image options](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image). (#926)
+- ✨ You can now pass environment variables from the host machine into the Docker container during a Linux build. Check out [the docs for `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX `](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/options/#environment-pass) for the details. (#914)
 - ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.8 wheels. (#881)
 - ✨ Added support for building Windows arm64 CPython wheels on a Windows arm64 runner. We can't test this in CI yet, so for now, this is experimental. (#920)
 - 📚 Improved the deployment documentation (#911)
- 🛠 Changed the escaping behaviour inside cibuildwheel's  option placeholders e.g. `{project}` in `before_build` or `{dest_dir}` in `repair_wheel_command`. This allows bash syntax like `${SOME_VAR}` to passthrough without being interpreted as a placeholder by cibuildwheel. See [this section](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#placeholders) in the docs for more info. (#889)
+- 🛠 Changed the escaping behaviour inside cibuildwheel's  option placeholders e.g. `{project}` in `before_build` or `{dest_dir}` in `repair_wheel_command`. This allows bash syntax like `${SOME_VAR}` to passthrough without being interpreted as a placeholder by cibuildwheel. See [this section](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#placeholders) in the docs for more info. (#889)
 - 🛠 Pip updated to 21.3, meaning it now defaults to in-tree builds again. If this causes an issue with your project, setting environment variable `PIP_USE_DEPRECATED=out-of-tree-build` is available as a temporary flag to restore the old behaviour. However, be aware that this flag will probably be removed soon. (#881)
 - 🐛 You can now access the current Python interpreter using `python3` within a build on Windows (#917)

@@ -552,15 +312,15 @@ _22 October 2021_

 - 🌟 Added support for [musllinux](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Support for this new wheel format lets projects build wheels for Linux distributions that use [musl libc](https://musl.libc.org/), notably, [Alpine](https://alpinelinux.org/) Docker containers. (#768)

-  Musllinux builds are enabled by default. If you're not ready to build musllinux, add `*-musllinux_*` to your [`CIBW_SKIP`/`skip`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip) option. Or, you might have to make some changes to your options - to simplify that process, you can use...
+  Musllinux builds are enabled by default. If you're not ready to build musllinux, add `*-musllinux_*` to your [`CIBW_SKIP`/`skip`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip) option. Or, you might have to make some changes to your options - to simplify that process, you can use...

 - 🌟 TOML option overrides! This provides much greater flexibility in configuration via pyproject.toml. (#854)

-  You can now set build options for any subset of your builds using a match pattern. So, for example, you can customise CPython 3.8 builds with an override on `cp38-*` or musllinux builds by selecting `*musllinux*`. Check out [the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#overrides) for more info on the specifics.
+  You can now set build options for any subset of your builds using a match pattern. So, for example, you can customise CPython 3.8 builds with an override on `cp38-*` or musllinux builds by selecting `*musllinux*`. Check out [the docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/options/#overrides) for more info on the specifics.

 - 🛠 Added support for building PyPy wheels on macOS 11 CI runners. (#875)

- 🛠 Setting an empty string for the [`CIBW_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image) option will now fallthrough to the config file or cibuildwheel's default, rather than causing an error. This makes the option easier to use in CI build matrices. (#829)
+- 🛠 Setting an empty string for the [`CIBW_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image) option will now fallthrough to the config file or cibuildwheel's default, rather than causing an error. This makes the option easier to use in CI build matrices. (#829)

 - 🛠 Support for TOML 1.0 when reading config files, via the `tomli` package. (#876)

@@ -599,9 +359,9 @@ _25 July 2021_

 _16 July 2021_

- 🌟 You can now configure cibuildwheel options inside your project's `pyproject.toml`! Environment variables still work of course. Check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#setting-options) for more info.
- 🌟 Added support for building wheels with [build](https://github.com/pypa/build), as well as pip. This feature is controlled with the [`CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) option.
- 🌟 Added the ability to test building wheels on CPython 3.10! Because CPython 3.10 is in beta, these wheels should not be distributed, because they might not be compatible with the final release, but it's available to build for testing purposes. Use the flag [`--prerelease-pythons` or `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) to test. (#675) This version of cibuildwheel includes CPython 3.10.0b4.
+- 🌟 You can now configure cibuildwheel options inside your project's `pyproject.toml`! Environment variables still work of course. Check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#setting-options) for more info.
+- 🌟 Added support for building wheels with [build](https://github.com/pypa/build), as well as pip. This feature is controlled with the [`CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) option.
+- 🌟 Added the ability to test building wheels on CPython 3.10! Because CPython 3.10 is in beta, these wheels should not be distributed, because they might not be compatible with the final release, but it's available to build for testing purposes. Use the flag [`--prerelease-pythons` or `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) to test. (#675) This version of cibuildwheel includes CPython 3.10.0b4.
 - ⚠️ **Removed support for building Python 2.7 and Python 3.5 wheels**, for both CPython and PyPy. If you still need to build on these versions, please use the latest v1.x version. (#596)
 - ✨ Added the ability to build CPython 3.8 wheels for Apple Silicon. (#704)
 - 🛠 Update to the latest build dependencies, including Auditwheel 4. (#633)
@@ -628,7 +388,7 @@ _1 May 2021_

 - 📚 Lots of docs improvements! (#650, #623, #616, #609, #606)
 - 🐛 Fix nuget "Package is not found" error on Windows. (#653)
- ⚠️ cibuildwheel will no longer build Windows 2.7 wheels, unless you specify a custom toolchain using `DISTUTILS_USE_SDK=1` and `MSSdk=1`. This is because Microsoft have stopped distributing Visual C++ Compiler for Python 2.7. See [this FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-and-python-27) for more details. (#649)
+- ⚠️ cibuildwheel will no longer build Windows 2.7 wheels, unless you specify a custom toolchain using `DISTUTILS_USE_SDK=1` and `MSSdk=1`. This is because Microsoft have stopped distributing Visual C++ Compiler for Python 2.7. See [this FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-and-python-27) for more details. (#649)
 - 🐛 Fix crash on Windows due to missing `which` command (#641).

 ### v1.10.0
@@ -636,7 +396,7 @@ _1 May 2021_
 _22 Feb 2021_

 - ✨ Added `manylinux_2_24` support. To use these new Debian-based manylinux
-  images, set your [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)
+  images, set your [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)
  options to `manylinux_2_24`.
 - 🛠 On macOS, we now set `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` in before running
  `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`. This is useful when using `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL` to build a
@@ -653,10 +413,10 @@ _5 February 2021_
 - 🌟 Added support for Apple Silicon wheels on macOS! You can now
  cross-compile `universal2` and `arm64` wheels on your existing macOS Intel
  runners, by setting
-  [CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs).
+  [CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs).
  Xcode 12.2 or later is required, but you don't need macOS 11.0 - you can
  still build on macOS 10.15. See
-  [this FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#apple-silicon)
+  [this FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#apple-silicon)
  for more information. (#484)
 - 🌟 Added auto-detection of your package's Python compatibility, via declared
   [`requires-python`](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0621/#requires-python)
@@ -666,7 +426,7 @@ _5 February 2021_
  will automatically skip builds on versions of Python that your package
  doesn't support. Hopefully this makes the first-run experience of
  cibuildwheel a bit easier. If you need to override this for any reason,
-  look at [`CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#requires-python).
+  look at [`CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#requires-python).
  (#536)
 - 🌟 cibuildwheel can now be invoked as a native GitHub Action! You can now
  invoke cibuildwheel in a GHA build step like:
@@ -681,10 +441,10 @@ _5 February 2021_
  ```

  This saves a bit of boilerplate, and you can [use Dependabot to keep the
-  pinned version up-to-date](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#automatic-updates).
+  pinned version up-to-date](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#automatic-updates).

 - ✨ Added `auto64` and `auto32` shortcuts to the
-  [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs)
+  [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs)
  option. (#553)
 - ✨ cibuildwheel now prints a list of the wheels built at the end of each
  run. (#570)
@@ -697,9 +457,9 @@ _22 January 2021_
 - 🌟 Added support for emulated builds! You can now build manylinux wheels on
  ARM64`aarch64`, as well as `ppc64le` and 's390x'. To build under emulation,
  register QEMU via binfmt_misc and set the
-  [`CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs)
+  [`CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs)
  option to the architectures you want to run. See
-  [this FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation)
+  [this FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation)
  for more information. (#482)
 - ✨ Added `CIBW_TEST_SKIP` option. This allows you to choose certain builds
  whose tests you'd like to skip. This might be useful when running a slow
@@ -725,7 +485,7 @@ _1 January 2021_
  in a virtualenv. (#502)
 - 🛠 Some preparatory work towards using cibuildwheel as a GitHub Action.
  Check out
-  [the FAQ](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#option-1-github-action)
+  [the FAQ](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#option-1-github-action)
  for information on how to use it. We'll be fully updating the docs to this
  approach in a subsequent release (#494)

@@ -847,7 +607,7 @@ _25 June 2020_

 _24 June 2020_

- 🌟 Add [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-all)
+- 🌟 Add [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-all)
  option, which lets you run a command on the build machine before any wheels
  are built. This is especially useful when building on Linux, to `make`
  something external to Python, or to `yum install` a dependency. (#342)
@@ -890,15 +650,15 @@ _2 May 2020_
  environment on macOS and Windows, where the version of Xcode and Visual
  Studio can still effect things.

-  This can be controlled using the [CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)
-  and [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)
+  This can be controlled using the [CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)
+  and [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)
  options - if you always want to use the latest toolchain, you can still do
  that, or you can specify your own pip constraints file and manylinux image.
  (#256)

 - ✨ Added `package_dir` command line option, meaning we now support building
  a package that lives in a subdirectory and pulls in files from the wider
-  project. See [the `package_dir` option help](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#command-line-options)
+  project. See [the `package_dir` option help](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line-options)
  for more information.

  Note that this change makes the working directory (where you call
@@ -916,7 +676,7 @@ _2 May 2020_
 _12 March 2020_

 - 🌟 Add support for building on GitHub Actions! Check out the
-  [docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/setup/#github-actions)
+  [docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#github-actions)
  for information on how to set it up. (#194)
 - ✨ Add the `CIBW_BEFORE_TEST` option, which lets you run a command to
  prepare the environment before your tests are run. (#242)
@@ -966,9 +726,9 @@ _10 November 2019_
  build using the manylinux2010 images by default. If your project is still
  manylinux1 compatible, you should get both manylinux1 and manylinux2010
  wheels - you can upload both to PyPI. If you always require manylinux1 wheels, you can
-  build using the old manylinux1 image using the [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) option.
+  build using the old manylinux1 image using the [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) option.
  (#155)
- 📚 Documentation is now on its [own mini-site](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io),
+- 📚 Documentation is now on its [own mini-site](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io),
   rather than on the README (#169)
 - ✨ Add support for building Windows wheels on Travis CI. (#160)
 - 🛠 If you set `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`, your tests now run in a virtualenv. (#164)
@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
---
-title: Configuring a CI service
---
-
-## Configuring a CI service
-
-cibuildwheel works on many popular CI services. Others may work, but it will depend on the software installed on the CI machine/image. See the [platforms page](platforms.md) for details.
-
-### GitHub Actions [linux/mac/windows] {: #github-actions}
-
-To build Linux, macOS, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/workflows/build_wheels.yml` file in your repo.
-
-!!! tab "Action"
-    For GitHub Actions, `cibuildwheel` provides an action you can use. This is
-    concise and enables easier auto updating via GitHub's Dependabot; see
-    [Automatic updates](faq.md#automatic-updates).
-
-    > .github/workflows/build_wheels.yml
-
-    ```yaml
-    {% include "../examples/github-minimal.yml" %}
-    ```
-
-    Use `env:` to pass [build options](options.md) and `with:` to set
-    `package-dir: .`, `output-dir: wheelhouse` and `config-file: ''`
-    locations (those values are the defaults).
-
-!!! tab "pipx"
-    The GitHub Actions runners have pipx installed, so you can easily build in
-    just one line. This is internally how the action works; the main benefit of
-    the action form is easy updates via GitHub's Dependabot.
-
-    > .github/workflows/build_wheels.yml
-
-    ```yaml
-    {% include "../examples/github-pipx.yml" %}
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "Generic"
-    This is the most generic form using setup-python and pip; it looks the most
-    like the other CI examples. If you want to avoid having setup that takes
-    advantage of GitHub Actions features or pipx being preinstalled, this might
-    appeal to you.
-
-    > .github/workflows/build_wheels.yml
-    {%
-       include-markdown "../README.md"
-       start="<!--generic-github-start-->"
-       end="<!--generic-github-end-->"
-    %}
-
-Commit this file, and push to GitHub - either to your default branch, or to a PR branch. The build should start automatically.
-
-For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://help.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions).
-
-[`examples/github-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/github-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example to include iOS and Pyodide builds, and a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
-
-
-### Azure Pipelines [linux/mac/windows] {: #azure-pipelines}
-
-To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on Azure Pipelines, create a `azure-pipelines.yml` file in your repo.
-
-> azure-pipelines.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Azure Pipelines, and push.
-
-Wheels will be stored for you and available through the Pipelines interface. For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/yaml-schema).
-
-### Travis CI [linux/windows] {: #travis-ci}
-
-To build Linux and Windows wheels on Travis CI, create a `.travis.yml` file in your repo.
-
-> .travis.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Travis CI, and push.
-
-Then setup a deployment method by following the [Travis CI deployment docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/deployment/), or see [Delivering to PyPI](deliver-to-pypi.md). For more info on `.travis.yml`, check out the [docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/).
-
-[`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example with a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
-
-### CircleCI [linux/mac] {: #circleci}
-
-To build Linux and Mac wheels on CircleCI, create a `.circleci/config.yml` file in your repo,
-
-> .circleci/config.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/circleci-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on CircleCI, and push.
-
-!!! note
-    CircleCI doesn't enable free macOS containers for open source by default, but you can ask for access. See [here](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/oss/#overview) for more information.
-
-CircleCI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the project console. Check out the CircleCI [docs](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/configuration-reference/#section=configuration) for more info on this config file.
-
-### Gitlab CI [linux] {: #gitlab-ci}
-
-To build Linux wheels on Gitlab CI, create a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file in your repo,
-
-> .gitlab-ci.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/gitlab-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, and push to Gitlab. The pipeline should start automatically.
-
-Gitlab will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the Pipelines view. Check out the Gitlab [docs](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/) for more info on this config file.
-
-### Cirrus CI [linux/mac/windows] {: #cirrus-ci}
-
-To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on Cirrus CI, create a `.cirrus.yml` file in your repo,
-
-> .cirrus.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/cirrus-ci-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Cirrus CI, and push.
-
-Cirrus CI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the individual task view. Check out the Cirrus CI [docs](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/) for more info on this config file.
-
-> ⚠️ Got an error? Check the [FAQ](faq.md).
-
-### Other CI services
-
-#### AppVeyor {: #appveyor}
-
-Appveyor official support was dropped in cibuildwheel v3.0, due to a lack of CI credits. However, it can probably still be used as-is. Check the Appveyor example from the cibuildwheel v2.0 branch: [appveyor-minimal.yml](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/v2.23.3/examples/appveyor-minimal.yml).
-
-## Next steps
-
-Once you've got the wheel building successfully, you might want to set up [testing](options.md#test-command) or [automatic releases to PyPI](deliver-to-pypi.md#automatic-method).
-
-<script>
-  document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
-    $('.toctree-l2>a, .rst-content h3').each(function(i, el) {
-      var text = $(el).text()
-      var match = text.match(/(.*) \[([a-z/]+)\]/);
-
-      if (match) {
-        var iconHTML = $.map(match[2].split('/'), function(ident) {
-          switch (ident) {
-            case 'linux':
-              return '<i class="fa fa-linux" aria-hidden="true"></i>'
-            case 'windows':
-              return '<i class="fa fa-windows" aria-hidden="true"></i>'
-            case 'mac':
-              return '<i class="fa fa-apple" aria-hidden="true"></i>'
-          }
-        }).join(' ');
-
-        $(el).append(
-          $('<div>')
-            .append(iconHTML)
-            .css({float: 'right'})
-        )
-        $(el).contents()
-          .filter(function(){ return this.nodeType == 3; }).first()
-          .replaceWith(match[1]);
-      }
-    });
-  });
-</script>
@@ -1,227 +0,0 @@
-# Configuration methods
-
-cibuildwheel can either be configured using environment variables, or from
-config file such as `pyproject.toml`.
-
-This page describes how to set options. For a full list of available options, see the [options reference](options.md).
-
-## Environment variables {: #environment-variables}
-
-Environment variables can be set in your CI config. For example, to configure
-cibuildwheel to run tests, add the following YAML to your CI config file:
-
-!!! tab "GitHub Actions"
-
-    > .github/workflows/*.yml ([docs](https://help.github.com/en/actions/configuring-and-managing-workflows/using-environment-variables)) (can be global, in job, or in step)
-
-    ```yaml
-    env:
-      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
-      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "Azure Pipelines"
-
-    > azure-pipelines.yml ([docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/process/variables))
-
-    ```yaml
-    variables:
-      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
-      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "Travis CI"
-
-    > .travis.yml ([docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/environment-variables/))
-
-    ```yaml
-    env:
-      global:
-        - CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES=pytest
-        - CIBW_TEST_COMMAND="pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "CircleCI"
-
-    > .circleci/config.yml ([docs](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/configuration-reference/#environment))
-
-    ```yaml
-    jobs:
-      job_name:
-        environment:
-          CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
-          CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "Gitlab CI"
-
-    > .gitlab-ci.yml ([docs](https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/yaml/#variables))
-
-    ```yaml
-    linux:
-      variables:
-        CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
-        CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "Cirrus CI"
-
-    > .cirrus.yml ([docs](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/#environment-variables))
-
-    ```yaml
-    env:
-      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
-      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
-## Configuration file {: #configuration-file}
-
-You can configure cibuildwheel with a config file, such as `pyproject.toml`.
-Options have the same names as the environment variable overrides, but are
-placed in `[tool.cibuildwheel]` and are lower case, with dashes, following
-common [TOML][https://toml.io] practice. Anything placed in subsections `linux`, `windows`,
-`macos`, or `pyodide` will only affect those platforms. Lists can be used
-instead of strings for items that are naturally a list. Multiline strings also
-work just like in the environment variables. Environment variables will take
-precedence if defined.
-
-The example above using environment variables could have been written like this:
-
-```toml
-[tool.cibuildwheel]
-test-requires = "pytest"
-test-command = "pytest ./tests"
-```
-
-The complete set of defaults for the current version of cibuildwheel are shown below:
-
-```toml
-{% include "../cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml" %}
-```
-
-
-!!! tip
-    Static configuration works across all CI systems, and can be used locally if
-    you run `cibuildwheel --platform linux`. This is preferred, but environment
-    variables are better if you need to change per-matrix element
-    (`CIBW_BUILD` is often in this category, for example), or if you cannot or do
-    not want to change a `pyproject.toml` file. You can specify a different file to
-    use with `--config-file` on the command line, as well.
-
-## Configuration overrides {: #overrides }
-
-One feature specific to the configuration files is the ability to override
-settings based on selectors. To use, add a ``tool.cibuildwheel.overrides``
-array, and specify a ``select`` string. Then any options you set will only
-apply to items that match that selector. These are applied in order, with later
-matches overriding earlier ones if multiple selectors match. Environment
-variables always override static configuration.
-
-A few of the options below have special handling in overrides. A different
-`before-all` will trigger a new container to launch on Linux, and cannot be
-overridden on macOS or Windows.  Overriding the image on linux will also
-trigger new containers, one per image. Some commands are not supported;
-`output-dir`, build/skip/test_skip selectors, and architectures cannot be
-overridden.
-
-You can specify a table of overrides in `inherit={}`, any list or table in this
-list will inherit from previous overrides or the main configuration. The valid
-options are `"none"` (the default), `"append"`, and `"prepend"`.
-
-#### Examples:
-
-```toml
-[tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
-before-all = "yum install mylib"
-test-command = "echo 'installed'"
-
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "*-musllinux*"
-before-all = "apk add mylib"
-```
-
-This example will override the before-all command on musllinux only, but will
-still run the test-command. Note the double brackets, this is an array in TOML,
-which means it can be given multiple times.
-
-```toml
-[tool.cibuildwheel]
-# Normal options, etc.
-manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_34"
-
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "cp38-*"
-manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
-
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "cp3{9,10}-*"
-manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
-```
-
-This example will build CPython 3.8 wheels on manylinux2014, CPython 3.9-3.10
-wheels on manylinux_2_28, and manylinux_2_34 wheels for any newer Python
-(like 3.10).
-
-```toml
-[tool.cibuildwheel]
-environment = {FOO="BAR", "HAM"="EGGS"}
-test-command = ["pyproject"]
-
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "cp311*"
-
-inherit.test-command = "prepend"
-test-command = ["pyproject-before"]
-
-inherit.environment="append"
-environment = {FOO="BAZ", "PYTHON"="MONTY"}
-
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "cp311*"
-inherit.test-command = "append"
-test-command = ["pyproject-after"]
-```
-
-This example will provide the command `"pyproject-before && pyproject && pyproject-after"`
-on Python 3.11, and will have `environment = {FOO="BAZ", "PYTHON"="MONTY", "HAM"="EGGS"}`.
-
-
-## Extending existing options {: #inherit }
-
-In the TOML configuration, you can choose how tables and lists are inherited.
-By default, all values are overridden completely (`"none"`) but sometimes you'd
-rather `"append"` or `"prepend"` to an existing list or table. You can do this
-with the `inherit` table in overrides.  For example, if you want to add an environment
-variable for CPython 3.11, without `inherit` you'd have to repeat all the
-original environment variables in the override. With `inherit`, it's just:
-
-```toml
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "cp311*"
-inherit.environment = "append"
-environment.NEWVAR = "Added!"
-```
-
-For a table, `"append"` will replace a key if it exists, while `"prepend"` will
-only add a new key, older keys take precedence.
-
-Lists are also supported (and keep in mind that commands are lists). For
-example, you can print a message before and after a wheel is repaired:
-
-```toml
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "*"
-inherit.repair-wheel-command = "prepend"
-repair-wheel-command = "echo 'Before repair'"
-
-[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
-select = "*"
-inherit.repair-wheel-command = "append"
-repair-wheel-command = "echo 'After repair'"
-```
-
-As seen in this example, you can have multiple overrides match - they match top
-to bottom, with the config being accumulated. If you need platform-specific
-inheritance, you can use `select = "*-????linux_*"` for Linux, `select =
-"*-win_*"` for Windows, and `select = "*-macosx_*"` for macOS. As always,
-environment variables will completely override any TOML configuration.
@@ -12,16 +12,17 @@ If you have an idea for a modification or feature, it's probably best to raise a

 Everyone contributing to the cibuildwheel project is expected to follow the [PSF Code of Conduct](https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).

-## Design Goals
+Design Goals
+------------

 - `cibuildwheel` should wrap the complexity of wheel building.
 - The user interface to `cibuildwheel` is the build script (e.g. `.travis.yml`). Feature additions should not increase the complexity of this script.
 - Options should be environment variables (these lend themselves better to YML config files). They should be prefixed with `CIBW_`.
- Options should be generalised to all platforms. If platform-specific options are required, they should be namespaced e.g. `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_MACOS`
+- Options should be generalise to all platforms. If platform-specific options are required, they should be namespaced e.g. `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_MACOS`

 Other notes:

- The platforms are very similar, until they're not. I'd rather have straightforward code than totally DRY code, so let's keep airy platform abstractions to a minimum.
+- The platforms are very similar, until they're not. I'd rather have straight-forward code than totally DRY code, so let's keep airy platform abstractions to a minimum.
 - I might want to break the options into a shared config file one day, so that config is more easily shared. That has motivated some of the design decisions.

 ### cibuildwheel's relationship with build errors
@@ -32,114 +33,41 @@ We're not responsible for errors in those tools, for fixing errors/crashes there

 So, if we can, I'd like to improve the experience on errors as well. In [this](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/139) case, it takes a bit of knowledge to understand that the Linux builds are happening in a different OS via Docker, that the linked symbols won't match, that auditwheel will fail because of this. A problem with how the tools fit together, instead of the tools themselves.

-## Development
+Maintainer notes
+----------------

-### Running the tests
+### Nox support

-When making a change to the codebase, you can run tests locally for quicker feedback than the CI runs on a PR. You can run them directly, but the easiest way to run tests is using [nox](https://nox.thea.codes/).
+Most developer tasks have a nox interface. This allows you to very simply run tasks without worrying about setting up a development environment (as shown below). This is a slower than setting up a development environment and reusing it, but has the (important) benefit of being highly reproducible; an earlier run does not affect a current run, or anything else on your machine.

-You can run all the tests locally by doing:
-
-```bash
-nox -s tests
-```
-
-However, because this takes a while, you might prefer to be more specific.
-
-#### Unit tests
-
-To run the project's unit tests, do:
-
-```bash
-nox -s tests -- unit_test
-```
-
-There are a few custom options to enable different parts of the test suite - check `nox -s tests -- unit_test --help` for details.
-
-If you're calling this a lot, you might consider using the `-r` or `-R` arguments to nox to make it a bit faster. This calls pytest under the hood, so to target a specific test, use pytest's `-k` option after the `--` above to select a specific test.
-
-#### Integration tests
-
-To run the project's integration tests, do:
-
-```bash
-nox -s tests -- test
-```
-
-The integration test suite is big - it can take more than 30 minutes to run the whole thing.
-
-Because it takes such a long time, normally you'd choose specific tests to run locally, and rely on the project's CI for the rest. Use pytest's `-k` option to choose specific tests. You can pass a test name or a filename, it'll run everything that matches.
-
-```bash
-nox -s tests -- test -k <test_name_or_filename>
-# e.g.
-nox -s tests -- test -k before_build
-```
-
-A few notes-
-
- Because they run inside a container, Linux tests can run on all platforms where Docker is installed, so they're convenient for running integration tests locally. Set the `--platform` flag on pytest to do this: `nox -s tests -- test --platform linux`.
-
- Running the macOS integration tests requires _system installs_ of Python from python.org for all the versions that are tested. We won't attempt to install these when running locally, but you can do so manually using the URL in the error message that is printed when the install is not found.
-
- The ['enable groups'](options.md#enable) run by default are just 'cpython-prerelease' and 'cpython-freethreading'. You can add other groups like pypy or graalpy by passing the `--enable` argument to pytest, i.e. `nox -s tests -- test --enable pypy`. On GitHub PRs, you can add a label to the PR to enable these groups.
-
-#### Running pytest directly
-
-More advanced users might prefer to invoke pytest directly. Set up a [dev environment](#setting-up-a-dev-environment), then,
-
-```bash
-# run the unit tests
-pytest unit_test
-# run the whole integration test suite
-pytest test
-# run a specific integration test
-pytest test -k test_build_frontend_args
-# run a specific integration test on a different platform
-CIBW_PLATFORM=linux pytest test -k test_build_frontend_args
-```
-
-### Linting, docs
-
-Most developer tasks have a nox interface. This allows you to very simply run tasks without worrying about setting up a development environment (as shown below). This is slower than setting up a development environment and reusing it, but has the (important) benefit of being highly reproducible; an earlier run does not affect a current run, or anything else on your machine.
+Install [nox](https://nox.thea.codes); homebrew is recommend on macOS, otherwise, pipx is a great choice - in fact, you can use `pipx run nox` and avoid installing completely.

 You can see a list of sessions by typing `nox -l`; here are a few common ones:

 ```console
-nox -s lint                    # Run the linters (default)
-nox -s tests [-- PYTEST-ARGS]  # Run the tests   (default)
-nox -s docs                    # Build and serve the documentation
-nox -s build                   # Make SDist and wheel
+nox -s lint          # Run the linters (default)
+nox -s tests         # Run the tests   (default)
+nox -s docs -- serve # Build and serve the documentation
+nox -s build         # Make SDist and wheel
 ```

-More advanced users can run the update scripts:
+More advanced users can run the update scripts. `update_pins` should work directly, but `update_constraints` needs all versions of Python installed. If you don't want to do that locally, a fast way to run it to use docker to run nox:

 ```console
-nox -s update_constraints # update all constraints files in cibuildwheel/resources
-nox -s update_pins        # update tools, python interpreters & docker images used by cibuildwheel
+docker run --rm -itv $PWD:/src -w /src quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:latest pipx run nox -s update_constraints
 ```

-### Setting up a dev environment
+### Local testing

-A dev environment isn't required for any of the `nox` tasks above. However, a dev environment is still useful, to be able to point an editor at, and a few other jobs.
+You should run:

-cibuildwheel uses dependency groups. Set up a dev environment with UV by doing
-
-```bash
-uv sync
+```console
+python3 -m venv venv
+. venv/bin/activate
+pip install -e .[dev]
 ```

-Or, if you're not using `uv`, you can do:
-
-```bash
-python3 -m venv .venv
-source .venv/bin/activate
-pipx run dependency-groups dev | xargs pip install -e.
-```
-
-Your virtualenv is at `.venv`.
-
-## Maintainer notes
+To prepare a development environment.

 ### Testing sample configs

@@ -197,7 +125,7 @@ Then, increment the project version number using:
 bin/bump_version.py
 ```

-(or `nox -s bump_version`) You'll be prompted to enter the new version number. Update the changelog when prompted. The script will create a 'bump version' commit and version tag.
+You'll be prompted to enter the new version number. Update the changelog when prompted. The script will create a 'bump version' commit and version tag.

 Finally, cut the release and push to GitHub.

@@ -206,5 +134,3 @@ git push && git push --tags
 ```

 Then head to https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/releases and create a GitHub release from the new tag, pasting in the changelog entry. Once the release is created inside GitHub, a CI job will create the assets and upload them to PyPI.
-
-If there were any schema updates, run `pipx run ./bin/generate_schema.py --schemastore > partial-cibuildwheel.json` and contribute the changes to SchemaStore.
@@ -7,19 +7,20 @@ title: Modern C++ standards
 Building Python wheels with modern C++ standards (C++11 and later) requires a few tricks.


-## manylinux2014 and C++20
+## manylinux1 and C++14
+The old `manylinux1` image (based on CentOS 5) contains a version of GCC and libstdc++ that only supports C++11 and earlier standards. There are however ways to compile wheels with the C++14 standard (and later): https://github.com/pypa/manylinux/issues/118

-The past end-of-life `manylinux2014` image (based on CentOS 7) contains a version of GCC and libstdc++ that only supports C++17 and earlier standards.
-
-`manylinux_2_28` are newer and support all C++ standards (up to C++20).
+`manylinux2010` and `manylinux2014` are newer and support all C++ standards (up to C++17).

 ## macOS and deployment target versions

-The [`MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` environment variable](platforms.md#macos-version-compatibility) is used to set the minimum deployment target for macOS.
+OS X/macOS allows you to specify a so-called "deployment target" version that will ensure backwards compatibility with older versions of macOS. One way to do this is by setting the `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` environment variable.

 However, to enable modern C++ standards, the deployment target needs to be set high enough (since older OS X/macOS versions did not have the necessary modern C++ standard library).

-To get C++17 support, Xcode 9.3+ is needed, requiring at least macOS 10.13 on the build machine. To use C++17 library features and link against the C++ runtime library, set `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` to `"10.13"` or `"10.14"` (or higher) - macOS 10.13 offers partial C++17 support (e.g., the filesystem header is in experimental, offering `#include <experimental/filesystem>` instead of `#include <filesystem>`); macOS 10.14 has full C++17 support. CPython 3.12+ require 10.13+ anyway.
+To get C++11 and C++14 support, `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` needs to be set to (at least) `"10.9"`. By default, `cibuildwheel` already does this, building 64-bit-only wheels for macOS 10.9 and later.
+
+To get C++17 support, Xcode 9.3+ is needed, requiring at least macOS 10.13 on the build machine. To use C++17 library features and link against the C++ runtime library, set `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` to `"10.13"` or `"10.14"` (or higher) - macOS 10.13 offers partial C++17 support (e.g., the filesystem header is in experimental, offering `#include <experimental/filesystem>` instead of `#include <filesystem>`); macOS 10.14 has full C++17 support.

 However, if only C++17 compiler and standard template library (STL) features are used (not needing a C++17 runtime) it might be possible to set `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` to a lower value, such as `"10.9"`. To find out if this is the case, try compiling and running with a lower `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET`: if C++17 features are used that require a more recent deployment target, building the wheel should fail.

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
          "enum": [
            "github",
            "travisci",
+            "appveyor",
            "circleci",
            "gitlab",
            "cirrusci",
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # stars: GitHub repo (optional, if different from package, such as for Twisted)
 # pypi: The pypi name, if different from the GitHub package name
 # os: Operating system list, [windows, apple, linux] (optional)
-# ci: [github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci, cirrusci] (optional)
+# ci: [appveyor, github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci, cirrusci] (optional)
 # notes: (text, optional)

 - name: abess
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@
  ci: [github]
  os: [windows, apple, linux]

- name: pyinstrument
-  gh: joerick/pyinstrument
-  ci: [github]
+- name: pyinstrument_cext
+  gh: joerick/pyinstrument_cext
+  ci: [travisci, appveyor]
  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-  notes: Python profiler with a C extension. No external dependencies.
+  notes: A simple C extension, without external dependencies

 - name: websockets
-  gh: python-websockets/websockets
+  gh: aaugustin/websockets
  ci: [travisci]
  ci_config: .travis.yml
  os: [apple, linux]
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@

 - name: python-rapidjson
  gh: python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
-  ci: [travisci, gitlab]
+  ci: [travisci, gitlab, appveyor]
  os: [windows, linux]

 - name: jq.py
@@ -325,12 +325,12 @@
  notes: Full range of wheels for setuptools rust, with auto release and PyPI deploy.

 - name: python-snappy
-  gh: intake/python-snappy
+  gh: andrix/python-snappy
  ci: [github]
  os: [apple, linux, windows]

 - name: sourmash
-  gh: sourmash-bio/sourmash
+  gh: dib-lab/sourmash
  ci: [github]
  os: [apple, linux, windows]

@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
  notes: Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension.

 - name: pytorch-fairseq
-  gh: facebookresearch/fairseq
+  gh: pytorch/fairseq
  ci: [github]
  os: [apple, linux]

@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@
  os: [apple, linux, windows]

 - name: OpenSpiel
-  gh: google-deepmind/open_spiel
+  gh: deepmind/open_spiel
  ci: [github]
  os: [apple, linux]

@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@
  os: [apple, linux, windows]

 - name: OpenTimelineIO
-  gh: AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenTimelineIO
+  gh: PixarAnimationStudios/OpenTimelineIO
  ci: [github]
  os: [apple, linux, windows]

@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
  notes: Includes GPU support for linux wheels

 - name: power-grid-model
-  gh: PowerGridModel/power-grid-model
+  gh: alliander-opensource/power-grid-model
  ci: [github]
  os: [windows, apple, linux]
  notes: Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis
@@ -645,22 +645,3 @@
  os: [linux, apple]
  pypi: keyvi
  notes: FST based key value index highly optimized for size and lookup performance, utilizes ccache action for improved runtime
-
- name: pedalboard
-  gh: spotify/pedalboard
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, linux, apple]
-  pypi: pedalboard
-  notes: >
-      A Python library for working with audio data and audio plugins
-      by wrapping the [JUCE](https://github.com/juce-framework/JUCE/)
-      C++ framework. Uses cibuildwheel to deploy on as many operating
-      systems and Python versions as possible with only one dependency
-      (any NumPy).
-
- name: streaming-form-data
-  gh: siddhantgoel/streaming-form-data
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-  pypi: streaming-form-data
-  notes: Streaming parser for multipart/form-data written in Cython
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Joe Rickerby	b4a353c0c6	Upgrade to macos-13 for the intel runners	2024-02-04 11:14:18 +00:00
Joe Rickerby	e62fa652c5	Typo	2024-02-04 11:12:29 +00:00
Joe Rickerby	4f22ef141f	fix error message asserts	2024-02-02 18:19:10 +00:00
Joe Rickerby	4d8122307e	Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into macos-13-xlarge	2024-02-02 17:01:22 +00:00
Joe Rickerby	f68f2ea820	Update docs, README and examples	2024-02-02 16:53:10 +00:00
Joe Rickerby	9abb06c66d	update error message for skipped arm64 tests	2024-02-02 12:28:40 +00:00
Henry Schreiner	3254807509	Update test.yml	2024-01-30 18:01:10 -05:00
Henry Schreiner	7f908b0257	ci: pre-install pipx on M1	2024-01-30 12:06:31 -05:00
Henry Schreiner	3c0df0b567	Update .github/workflows/test.yml	2024-01-30 11:42:21 -05:00
mayeut	ec181518ca	chore(CI): test on GHA macos-13-xlarge runner PyPA is now on an enterprise plan. Let's use the new macos-13-xlarge runner in order to test on macOS arm64.	2023-12-16 10:24:47 +01:00