Use python -V -V for Windows build diagnostics (#2832)

Bumps the actions group with 5 updates:

| Package | From | To |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish](https://github.com/pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish) | `1.13.0` | `1.14.0` |
| [astral-sh/setup-uv](https://github.com/astral-sh/setup-uv) | `7.6.0` | `8.0.0` |
| [actions/upload-artifact](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact) | `7.0.0` | `7.0.1` |
| [actions/create-github-app-token](https://github.com/actions/create-github-app-token) | `3.0.0` | `3.1.1` |
| [peter-evans/create-pull-request](https://github.com/peter-evans/create-pull-request) | `8.1.0` | `8.1.1` |


Updates `pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish` from 1.13.0 to 1.14.0
- [Release notes](https://github.com/pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish/compare/ed0c53931b1dc9bd32cbe73a98c7f6766f8a527e...cef221092ed1bacb1cc03d23a2d87d1d172e277b)

Updates `astral-sh/setup-uv` from 7.6.0 to 8.0.0
- [Release notes](https://github.com/astral-sh/setup-uv/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/astral-sh/setup-uv/compare/v7.6...cec208311dfd045dd5311c1add060b2062131d57)

Updates `actions/upload-artifact` from 7.0.0 to 7.0.1
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/compare/bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f...043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a)

Updates `actions/create-github-app-token` from 3.0.0 to 3.1.1
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/create-github-app-token/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/create-github-app-token/compare/f8d387b68d61c58ab83c6c016672934102569859...1b10c78c7865c340bc4f6099eb2f838309f1e8c3)

Updates `peter-evans/create-pull-request` from 8.1.0 to 8.1.1
- [Release notes](https://github.com/peter-evans/create-pull-request/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/peter-evans/create-pull-request/compare/c0f553fe549906ede9cf27b5156039d195d2ece0...5f6978faf089d4d20b00c7766989d076bb2fc7f1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish
  dependency-version: 1.14.0
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
  dependency-group: actions
- dependency-name: astral-sh/setup-uv
  dependency-version: 8.0.0
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
  dependency-group: actions
- dependency-name: actions/upload-artifact
  dependency-version: 7.0.1
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
  dependency-group: actions
- dependency-name: actions/create-github-app-token
  dependency-version: 3.1.1
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
  dependency-group: actions
- dependency-name: peter-evans/create-pull-request
  dependency-version: 8.1.1
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
  dependency-group: actions
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.cirrus.yml

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-only_if: changesInclude('.cirrus.yml') || ($CIRRUS_BRANCH == "main" && !changesIncludeOnly('.github/*', 'bin/*', 'docs/*', '.circleci/*', '.travis.yml', '.pre-commit-config.yaml', '.readthedocs.yml', 'azure-pipelines.yml', 'README.md', 'mkdocs.yml', 'noxfile.py')) || $CIRRUS_BRANCH =~ 'cirrus.*'
-
-run_tests: &RUN_TESTS
-  install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install -U pip
-    - python -m pip install -e. --group test
-  run_cibuildwheel_tests_script:
-    - python ./bin/run_tests.py
-
-linux_x86_task:
-  timeout_in: 120m
-  compute_engine_instance:
-    image_project: cirrus-images
-    image: family/docker-builder
-    platform: linux
-    cpu: 8
-    memory: 8G
-  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-    - add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
-    - apt-get update
-    - apt-get install -y python3.12-venv
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
-
-linux_aarch64_task:
-  compute_engine_instance:
-    image_project: cirrus-images
-    image: family/docker-builder-arm64
-    architecture: arm64
-    platform: linux
-    cpu: 4
-    memory: 4G
-  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-    - add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
-    - apt-get update
-    - apt-get install -y python3.12-venv
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
-
-windows_x86_task:
-  # The task takes ~55 minutes while the timeout happens
-  # after 60 minutes by default, let's allow some wiggle room.
-  timeout_in: 120m
-  windows_container:
-    image: cirrusci/windowsservercore:visualstudio2022
-    cpu: 8
-    memory: 8G
-
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - certutil -generateSSTFromWU roots.sst
-    - certutil -addstore -f root roots.sst
-    - del roots.sst
-    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.12.4
-    - refreshenv
-    - powershell -Command "$cleanPath = $env:PATH -replace ';+$', ''; Add-Content -Path $env:CIRRUS_ENV -Value ('PATH=' + $cleanPath)"
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
-
-macos_arm64_task:
-  macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sequoia
-  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - brew install python@3.12
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
-
-macos_arm64_cp38_task:
-  macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sequoia
-  env:
-    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
-    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
-    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: --run-cp38-universal2 -k 'test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer or test_arch_auto or test_dummy_serial'
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - brew install python@3.12
-    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
-    - curl -fsSLO https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
-    - sudo installer -pkg python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg -target /
-    - rm python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
-    - sh "/Applications/Python 3.8/Install Certificates.command"
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Specification files for platform maintainers
+cibuildwheel/platforms/ios.py         @freakboy3742
+cibuildwheel/platforms/pyodide.py     @hoodmane @ryanking13 @agriyakhetarpal
+cibuildwheel/platforms/android.py     @mhsmith
+
+# Constraints files
+cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide*.txt @hoodmane @ryanking13 @agriyakhetarpal

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -9,3 +9,5 @@ updates:
       actions:
         patterns:
           - "*"
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -7,13 +7,17 @@ on:
     types:
     - published
 
+permissions: {}
+
 jobs:
   dist:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
-    - uses: hynek/build-and-inspect-python-package@v2
+    - uses: hynek/build-and-inspect-python-package@fe0a0fb1925ca263d076ca4f2c13e93a6e92a33e # v2.17.0
 
   publish:
     needs: [dist]
@@ -27,16 +31,16 @@ jobs:
       attestations: write
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
       with:
         name: Packages
         path: dist
 
     - name: Generate artifact attestation for sdist and wheel
-      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@db473fddc028af60658334401dc6fa3ffd8669fd # v2.3.0
+      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@a2bbfa25375fe432b6a289bc6b6cd05ecd0c4c32 # v4.1.0
       with:
         subject-path: "dist/cibuildwheel-*"
 
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@cef221092ed1bacb1cc03d23a2d87d1d172e277b # v1.14.0
       with:
         attestations: true

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -28,69 +28,134 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
     # allow manual runs on branches without a PR
 
+permissions: {}
+
 concurrency:
   group: test-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
   lint:
-    name: Linters (mypy, flake8, etc.)
+    name: Linters (mypy, ruff, etc.)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
-      id: python
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: j178/prek-action@cbc2f23eb5539cf20d82d1aabd0d0ecbcc56f4e3 # v2.0.2
     - name: PyLint checks
-      run: pipx run --python "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
+      run: uvx nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
+
+  sample:
+    name: Generate a sample project
+    needs: lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+      name: Install Python
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.x"
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
+    - name: Generate a sample project
+      run: uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj
 
   test:
-    name: Test on ${{ matrix.os }} (${{ matrix.python_version }})
+    name: Test on ${{ matrix.os }} (${{ matrix.python_version }}) ${{ matrix.test_select }}
-    needs: lint
+    needs: sample
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, windows-11-arm, macos-13, macos-15]
-        python_version: ['3.13']
         include:
+        # Min Python
         - os: ubuntu-latest
           python_version: '3.11'
+        # Max Python
         - os: ubuntu-latest
           python_version: '3.14'
+        - os: ubuntu-latest
+          python_version: '3.14'
+          test_select: android
+        - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+          python_version: '3.13'
+        - os: windows-latest
+          python_version: '3.13'
+        - os: windows-11-arm
+          python_version: '3.13'
+        - os: macos-15-intel
+          python_version: '3.13'
+        - os: macos-15
+          python_version: '3.13'
+        - os: macos-15-intel
+          python_version: '3.13'
+          test_select: ios
+        - os: macos-15
+          python_version: '3.13'
+          test_select: ios
+          # Exercise iOS on a non-default simulator.
+          test_runtime: 'args: --simulator "iPhone 16e,OS=18.5"'
+        - os: macos-15-intel
+          python_version: '3.13'
+          test_select: android
+          # Exercise Android on a non-default simulator
+          test_runtime: 'args: --managed minVersion'
+        - os: macos-15
+          python_version: '3.13'
+          test_select: android
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
 
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
 
-    # free some space to prevent reaching GHA disk space limits
+    - name: Free up disk space
-    - name: Clean docker images
+      if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.test_select != 'android'
-      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
       run: |
-        docker system prune -a -f
+        sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_HOME/ndk /opt/hostedtoolcache/CodeQL \
-        df -h
+          /usr/local/lib/node_modules /usr/local/share/chromium \
+          /usr/local/share/powershell
+        df -m
 
     # for oci_container unit tests
     - name: Set up QEMU
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
+
+    - name: Set up Xcode
+      if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos-15') }}
+      run: |
+        # GitHub recommends explicitly selecting the desired Xcode version
+        sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode_16.4.app
 
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
+      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
-        uv sync --no-dev --group test
+
+    - uses: joerick/pr-labels-action@0543b277721e852d821c6738d449f2f4dea03d5f # v1.0.9
 
-    - uses: joerick/pr-labels-action@v1.0.9
     - name: Set CIBW_ENABLE
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        if [[ "${{ github.ref_name }}" == "main" ]]; then
+        if [[ "$GITHUB_REF_NAME" == "main" ]]; then
           CIBW_ENABLE=all
         else
           # get the default CIBW_ENABLE value from the test module
@@ -106,9 +171,11 @@ jobs:
         fi
         echo "CIBW_ENABLE=${CIBW_ENABLE}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-    - name: Generate a sample project
+    - name: Download a sample project
-      run: |
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
-        uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj
 
     - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
       uses: ./
@@ -117,29 +184,35 @@ jobs:
         output-dir: wheelhouse
       env:
         CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64
-        CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: 'build[uv]'
+        CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: ${{ matrix.test_select && 'build' || 'build[uv]' }}
+        CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.test_select }}
+        CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.test_runtime }}
 
     - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action, only)
       uses: ./
+      if: matrix.test_select == ''
       with:
         package-dir: sample_proj
         output-dir: wheelhouse_only
-        only: cp312-${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && (runner.arch == 'ARM64' && 'manylinux_aarch64' || 'manylinux_x86_64') || (runner.os == 'Windows' && 'win_amd64' || 'macosx_x86_64') }}
+        only: cp313-${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && (runner.arch == 'ARM64' && 'manylinux_aarch64' || 'manylinux_x86_64') || (runner.os == 'Windows' && 'win_amd64' || 'macosx_x86_64') }}
 
     - name: Create custom configuration file
       shell: bash
       run: |
         cat > sample_proj/cibw.toml <<EOF
         [tool.cibuildwheel]
-        # Only build on CPython 3.12 on native arch
+        # Only build on CPython 3.13 on native arch
         archs = ["native"]
-        build = "cp312-*"
+        build = "cp313-*"
         # Skip musllinux
         skip = "*-musllinux*"
         EOF
 
     - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action, config-file)
       uses: ./
+      env:
+        CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.test_select }}
+        CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.test_runtime }}
       with:
         package-dir: sample_proj
         output-dir: wheelhouse_config_file
@@ -149,17 +222,23 @@ jobs:
       shell: bash
       run: |
         test $(find wheelhouse -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -ge 1
-        test $(find wheelhouse_only -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
         test $(find wheelhouse_config_file -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+    - name: Check Action artifacts (native build only)
+      if: matrix.test_select == ''
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        test $(find wheelhouse_only -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
       with:
         name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
         path: wheelhouse/*.whl
 
     - name: Test cibuildwheel
-      run: |
+      env:
-        uv run --no-sync bin/run_tests.py ${{ (runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64') && '--run-podman' || '' }}
+        CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME: ${{ matrix.test_runtime }}
+      run: uv run --no-sync bin/run_tests.py --test-select=${{ matrix.test_select || 'native' }} ${{ (runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64') && '--run-podman' || '' }}
 
   emulated-archs:
     name: Get qemu emulated architectures
@@ -168,11 +247,13 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       archs: ${{ steps.archs.outputs.archs }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
     - name: Get qemu emulated architectures
@@ -191,39 +272,47 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         arch: ${{ fromJSON(needs.emulated-archs.outputs.archs) }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
     - name: Set up QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
 
     - name: Run the emulation tests
-      run: uv run --no-sync pytest --run-emulation ${{ matrix.arch }} test/test_emulation.py
+      env:
+        MATRIX_ARCH: ${{ matrix.arch }}
+      run: uv run --no-sync pytest --run-emulation "$MATRIX_ARCH" test/test_emulation.py
 
   test-pyodide:
     name: Test pyodide
-    needs: lint
+    needs: sample
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       name: Install Python 3.12
       with:
         python-version: '3.12'
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
-    - name: Generate a sample project
+    - name: Download a sample project
-      run: |
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
-        uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj
 
     - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
       uses: ./
@@ -233,21 +322,46 @@ jobs:
       env:
         CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
 
-    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action) for an overridden Pyodide version
+    - name: Run tests with 'CIBW_PLATFORM' set to 'pyodide'
+      run: uv run --no-sync ./bin/run_tests.py
+      env:
+        CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
+
+  test-uv-extras:
+    name: Test uv extra on ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.test_select }}
+    needs: sample
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+        - os: ubuntu-latest
+          test_select: android
+        - os: windows-latest
+        - os: windows-11-arm
+        - os: macos-15-intel
+        - os: macos-15
+        - os: macos-15-intel
+          test_select: android
+        - os: macos-15
+          test_select: android
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - name: Download a sample project
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj
+    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
       uses: ./
       with:
+        extras: uv
         package-dir: sample_proj
         output-dir: wheelhouse
-        # In case this breaks at any point in time, switch to using the latest version
-        # available or any other version that is not the same as the default one set
-        # in cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml.
       env:
-        CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
+        CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64
-        CIBW_BUILD: "cp312*"
+        CIBW_BUILD: cp314-*
-        CIBW_PYODIDE_VERSION: "0.27.6"
+        CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: 'build[uv]'
-
+        CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.test_select }}
-    - name: Run tests with 'CIBW_PLATFORM' set to 'pyodide'
-      run: |
-        uv run --no-sync ./bin/run_tests.py
-      env:
-        CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -14,36 +14,45 @@ on:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 6 * * 1'  # "At 06:00 on Monday."
 
+permissions: {}
+
 jobs:
   update-dependencies:
     name: Update dependencies
     if: github.repository_owner == 'pypa' || github.event_name != 'schedule'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    environment: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel' && 'update-dependencies-workflow' || '' }}
     steps:
 
     # we use this step to grab a Github App auth token, so that PRs generated by this workflow
     # run the GHA tests.
-    - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2
+    - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@1b10c78c7865c340bc4f6099eb2f838309f1e8c3 # v3.1.1
       id: generate-token
       if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
       with:
         app-id: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_ID }}
         private-key: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
-    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2025.05.01
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.14"
 
     - name: "Run update: dependencies"
-      run: nox --force-color -s update_constraints
+      run: uvx nox --force-color -s update_constraints
     - name: "Run update: python configs"
-      run: nox --force-color -s update_pins
+      run: uvx nox --force-color -s update_pins
     - name: "Run update: docs user projects"
-      run: nox --force-color -s update_proj -- --auth=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      run: uvx nox --force-color -s update_proj -- --auth=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
     - name: Create Pull Request
       if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
-      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v7
+      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@5f6978faf089d4d20b00c7766989d076bb2fc7f1 # v8.1.1
       with:
         commit-message: Update dependencies
         title: '[Bot] Update dependencies'

.github/workflows/update-major-minor-tag.yml

@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Update the ${{ env.TAG_NAME }} tag
         id: update-major-minor-tag
-        uses: joerick/update-vX.Y-tag-action@v1.0
+        uses: joerick/update-vX.Y-tag-action@c4cefb60c33b82e4aa73a469e4acf30ee48d5812 # v1.0.2
         with:
           source-tag: ${{ env.TAG_NAME }}

.github/workflows/zizmor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: zizmor - GitHub Actions Security Analysis
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["main"]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: ["**"]
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  zizmor:
+    name: Run zizmor 🌈
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      security-events: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Run zizmor 🌈
+        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@b1d7e1fb5de872772f31590499237e7cce841e8e # v0.5.3

.gitignore

@@ -112,3 +112,10 @@ site/
 
 # PyCharm
 .idea/
+
+# Lockfiles
+*.lock
+*.pylock
+
+# OS files
+.DS_Store

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-repos:
+ci:
+  autoupdate_schedule: monthly
 
+repos:
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v5.0.0
+  rev: 3e8a8703264a2f4a69428a0aa4dcb512790b2c8c  # frozen: v6.0.0
   hooks:
   - id: check-case-conflict
   - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -12,26 +14,31 @@ repos:
     exclude: (cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg)|(.svg$)
   - id: mixed-line-ending
   - id: trailing-whitespace
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/android/android.patch$
 
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.11.13
+  rev: c60c980e561ed3e73101667fe8365c609d19a438  # frozen: v0.15.9
   hooks:
-  - id: ruff
+  - id: ruff-check
-    args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
+    args: ["--fix"]
   - id: ruff-format
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v1.16.0
+  rev: 8e5c80792e2ec0c87804d8ef915bf35e2caea6da  # frozen: v1.20.0
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
     name: mypy 3.11 on cibuildwheel/
     args: ["--python-version=3.11"]
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/android/_cross_venv.py$  # Requires Python 3.13 or later
     additional_dependencies: &mypy-dependencies
       - bracex
+      - build
       - dependency-groups>=1.2
+      - humanize
       - nox>=2025.2.9
       - orjson
       - packaging
+      - pyelftools
       - pygithub
       - pytest
       - rich
@@ -45,13 +52,12 @@ repos:
       - uv
       - validate-pyproject
   - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.13
+    name: mypy 3.14
-    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
+    args: ["--python-version=3.14"]
-    args: ["--python-version=3.13"]
     additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
 
 - repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
-  rev: v0.10.0.1
+  rev: 745eface02aef23e168a8afb6b5737818efbea95  # frozen: v0.11.0.1
   hooks:
   - id: shellcheck
 
@@ -72,7 +78,7 @@ repos:
     additional_dependencies: [cogapp>=3.5]
 
 - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-  rev: v2.4.1
+  rev: 2ccb47ff45ad361a21071a7eedda4c37e6ae8c5a  # frozen: v2.4.2
   hooks:
   - id: codespell
     args: ["-w"]
@@ -80,14 +86,13 @@ repos:
 
 
 - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-  rev: 0.33.0
+  rev: ed81924a8b1cecdaa570b072528fa80c9c4d6ccd  # frozen: 0.37.1
   hooks:
     - id: check-dependabot
     - id: check-github-actions
     - id: check-github-workflows
     - id: check-gitlab-ci
-    # Disabled due to schema issue for now:
+    - id: check-readthedocs
-    # - id: check-readthedocs
     - id: check-travis
     - id: check-jsonschema
       name: Check projects

.travis.yml

@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-os: linux
-dist: jammy
-language: python
-
-branches:
-  only:
-  - main
-
-# only build the main branch or PR that explicitely want to test with Travis CI
-if: (type = "push") OR (commit_message =~ /travis-ci/)
-
-jobs:
-  include:
-    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
-      services: docker
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        # a build using CIBW_ENABLE=all does not fit into Travis' time limit,
-        # so only the defaults are tested
-
-    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
-      services: docker
-      arch: arm64
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
-
-    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
-      services: docker
-      arch: ppc64le
-      allow_failure: True
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        # skip test_manylinuxXXXX_only, it uses too much disk space
-        # c.f. https://travis-ci.community/t/running-out-of-disk-space-quota-when-using-docker-on-ppc64le/11634
-        - PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "not test_manylinuxXXXX_only"'
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
-
-    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.12
-      os: windows
-      language: shell
-      before_install:
-        # http://woshub.com/updating-trusted-root-certificates-in-windows-10
-        - certutil -generateSSTFromWU roots.sst
-        - powershell -Command 'Get-ChildItem -Path roots.sst | Import-Certificate -CertStoreLocation Cert:\LocalMachine\Root'
-        - rm -f roots.sst
-        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.12.8 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python312"
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=C:\\Python312\\python
-        # a build using CIBW_ENABLE=all does not fit into Travis' time limit,
-        # so only the defaults are tested
-
-    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.12
-      services: docker
-      arch: s390x
-      allow_failure: True
-      env:
-        - PYTHON=python
-        - CIBW_ENABLE=all
-
-install:
-- if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "linux" ]; then docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all; fi
-- $PYTHON -m pip install -U pip
-- $PYTHON -m pip install -e. --group test
-
-script: |
-  # travis_wait disable the output while waiting
-  # use the same kind of tricks as in multibuild
-  (while true; do echo "travis_keep_alive"; sleep 300; done) &
-  SPINNER_PID=$!
-  disown
-  result=0
-  $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py --num-processes 2 || result=1
-  kill -9 ${SPINNER_PID}
-  test ${result} -eq 0

CI.md

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 This is a summary of the host Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
 
-|         | 3.11                             | 3.12                                        | 3.13           |
+|         | 3.11                             | 3.12                    | 3.13           | 3.14           |
-|---------|----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|----------------|
+|---------|----------------------------------|-----------------------|----------------|----------------|
-| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ / Travis CI | GitHub Actions |
+| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | CircleCI¹ / GitLab¹   | GitHub Actions | GitHub Actions |
-| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  | CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹             | GitHub Actions |
+| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  | CircleCI¹ / GitLab¹   | GitHub Actions |                |
-| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ / Travis CI             | GitHub Actions |
+| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | GitLab¹               | GitHub Actions |                |
 
 > ¹ Runs a reduced set of tests to reduce CI load
-
-Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.12.

LICENSE

@@ -1,24 +1,9 @@
-This project is licensed under the 'BSD 2-clause license'.
+Copyright 2017, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.
 
-Copyright (c) 2017-2025, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 
-Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 
-1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 
-2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS “AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
-and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
-AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
-DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
-SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
-CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
-OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ cibuildwheel
 [![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/cibuildwheel.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cibuildwheel)
 [![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/cibuildwheel/badge/?version=stable)](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/?badge=stable)
 [![Actions Status](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/workflows/Test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions)
-[![Travis Status](https://img.shields.io/travis/com/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=travis)](https://travis-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [![CircleCI Status](https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=circleci)](https://circleci.com/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [![Azure Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/pypa.cibuildwheel?branchName=main)](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=4&branchName=main)
 
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ cibuildwheel
 
 Python wheels are great. Building them across **Mac, Linux, Windows**, on **multiple versions of Python**, is not.
 
-`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, CircleCI, and GitLab CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.
+`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, CircleCI, and GitLab CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.
 
 
 What does it do?
@@ -23,29 +22,30 @@ What does it do?
 
 While cibuildwheel itself requires a recent Python version to run (we support the last three releases), it can target the following versions to build wheels:
 
-|                    | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x | manylinux<br/>musllinux armv7l | iOS | Pyodide |
+|                          | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64  | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x | manylinux<br/>musllinux armv7l | Android | iOS | Pyodide        |
-|--------------------|----|-----|-----|-----|-----|----|-----|----|-----|-----|---|-----|-----|
+| ------------------------ | ----------- | ------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | -------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------- | --- | -------------- |
-| CPython 3.8        | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A |
+| CPython 3.8              | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | N/A            | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| CPython 3.9        | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A |
+| CPython 3.9              | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| CPython 3.10       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A |
+| CPython 3.10             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| CPython 3.11       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵ | N/A | N/A |
+| CPython 3.11             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| CPython 3.12       | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | N/A | ✅⁴ |
+| CPython 3.12             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | ✅<sup>4</sup> |
-| CPython 3.13³      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | ✅ | N/A |
+| CPython 3.13<sup>3</sup> | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | ✅<sup>4</sup> |
-| CPython 3.14³      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅⁵  | ✅ | N/A |
+| CPython 3.14             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | N/A            |
-| PyPy 3.8 v7.3      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.8 v7.3            | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| PyPy 3.9 v7.3      | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.9 v7.3            | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| PyPy 3.10 v7.3     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.10 v7.3           | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| PyPy 3.11 v7.3     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.11 v7.3           | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| GraalPy 3.11 v24.2 | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | N/A  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+| GraalPy 3.11 v24.2       | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | N/A                          | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| GraalPy 3.12 v25.0       | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | N/A                          | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
 
-<sup>¹ PyPy & GraalPy are only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
+<sup>**1** PyPy & GraalPy are only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
-<sup>² Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
+<sup>**2** Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
-<sup>³ Free-threaded mode requires opt-in using [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable).</sup><br>
+<sup>**3** Free-threaded mode requires opt-in on 3.13 using [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable).</sup><br>
-<sup>⁴ Experimental, not yet supported on PyPI, but can be used directly in web deployment. Use `--platform pyodide` to build.</sup><br>
+<sup>**4** Experimental, not yet supported on PyPI, but can be used directly in web deployment. Use `--platform pyodide` to build.</sup><br>
-<sup>⁵ manylinux armv7l support is experimental. As there are no RHEL based image for this architecture, it's using an Ubuntu based image instead.</sup><br>
+<sup>**5** manylinux armv7l support is experimental. As there are no RHEL based image for this architecture, it's using an Ubuntu based image instead.</sup><br>
 
-- Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+ (10.13+ for Python 3.12+), and Windows wheels for CPython, PyPy, and GraalPy
+- Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS, and Windows wheels for CPython, PyPy, and GraalPy
-- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
+- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, CircleCI, and GitLab CI
 - Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS through [auditwheel](https://github.com/pypa/auditwheel) and [delocate](https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
 - Runs your library's tests against the wheel-installed version of your library
 
@@ -56,18 +56,18 @@ Usage
 
 `cibuildwheel` runs inside a CI service. Supported platforms depend on which service you're using:
 
-|                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM | macOS ARM | Windows ARM | iOS |
+|                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM      | macOS ARM | Windows ARM    | Android                    | iOS                        | Pyodide        |
-|-----------------|-------|-------|---------|-----------|-----------|-------------|-----|
+| --------------- | ----- | ----- | ------- | -------------- | --------- | -------------- | -------------------------- | -------------------------- | -------------- |
-| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       | ✅        | ✅        | ✅          | ✅³  |
+| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅             | ✅        | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅<sup>4</sup>             | ✅<sup>3</sup>             | ✅             |
-| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       |           | ✅        | ✅²         | ✅³  |
+| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |                | ✅        | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅<sup>4</sup>             | ✅<sup>3</sup>             | ✅<sup>5</sup> |
-| Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅        |           |             |     |
+| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅             | ✅        |                | ✅<sup>4</sup><sup>5</sup> | ✅<sup>3</sup><sup>5</sup> | ✅<sup>5</sup> |
-| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅        | ✅        |             | ✅³  |
+| GitLab CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅<sup>1</sup> | ✅        |                | ✅<sup>4</sup><sup>5</sup> | ✅<sup>3</sup><sup>5</sup> | ✅<sup>5</sup> |
-| Gitlab CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅¹       | ✅        |             | ✅³  |
-| Cirrus CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅        | ✅        |             |      |
 
-<sup>¹ [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
+<sup>**1** [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
-<sup>² [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup><br>
+<sup>**2** [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup><br>
-<sup>³ Requires a macOS runner; runs tests on the simulator for the runner's architecture.</sup>
+<sup>**3** Requires a macOS runner; runs tests on the simulator for the runner's architecture. </sup><br>
+<sup>**4** Building for Android requires the runner to be Linux x86_64, macOS ARM64 or macOS x86_64. Testing has [additional requirements](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/platforms/#android).</sup><br>
+<sup>**5** Builds may work, but are untested in cibuildwheel's CI.</sup><br>
 
 <!--intro-end-->
 
@@ -88,16 +88,18 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, windows-11-arm, macos-15-intel, macos-latest]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       # Used to host cibuildwheel
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
 
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.0.0
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
 
       - name: Build wheels
         run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -106,7 +108,7 @@ jobs:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
         #   ...
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -124,6 +126,11 @@ The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platf
 
 <sup>Explore an interactive version of this diagram [in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/#how-it-works).</sup>
 
+> [!WARNING]
+> Building and testing wheels executes arbitrary code from your project and its dependencies. Although cibuildwheel uses OCI containers and Pyodide for some builds, these provide no security guarantees - the code you're building and testing has full access to the environment that's invoking cibuildwheel.
+>
+> If you cannot trust all the code that's pulled in, maintain good security hygiene: keep the job that builds distributions separate from the job that uploads them to PyPI, handle secrets and credentials with care and rotate them regularly, and follow the principle of least privilege when granting permissions. Do not store sensitive data on CI runners.
+
 
 <!--[[[cog from readme_options_table import get_table; print(get_table()) ]]]-->
 
@@ -151,18 +158,19 @@ The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platf
 |  | [`pyodide-version`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#pyodide-version) | Specify the Pyodide version to use for `pyodide` platform builds |
 | **Testing** | [`test-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-command) | The command to test each built wheel |
 |  | [`before-test`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-test) | Execute a shell command before testing each wheel |
-|  | [`test-sources`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-sources) | Files and folders from the source tree that are copied into an isolated tree before running the tests |
+|  | [`test-sources`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-sources) | Paths that are copied into the working directory of the tests |
 |  | [`test-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires) | Install Python dependencies before running the tests |
 |  | [`test-extras`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-extras) | Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require` |
 |  | [`test-groups`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-groups) | Specify test dependencies from your project's `dependency-groups` |
 |  | [`test-skip`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-skip) | Skip running tests on some builds |
 |  | [`test-environment`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-environment) | Set environment variables for the test environment |
+|  | [`test-runtime`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-runtime) | Controls how the tests will be executed. |
 | **Debugging** | [`debug-keep-container`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#debug-keep-container) | Keep the container after running for debugging. |
 |  | [`debug-traceback`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#debug-traceback) | Print full traceback when errors occur. |
 |  | [`build-verbosity`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-verbosity) | Increase/decrease the output of the build |
 
 
-<!--[[[end]]] (sum: TWqEGGMOnt) -->
+<!--[[[end]]] (sum: dbfwOkj/k/) -->
 
 These options can be specified in a pyproject.toml file, or as environment variables, see [configuration docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/configuration/).
 
@@ -177,37 +185,39 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 
 | Name                              | CI | OS | Notes |
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
-| [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
+| [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
-| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
-| [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
+| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
-| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
+| [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
-| [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
+| [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
-| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
+| [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
-[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
+[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
-[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
+[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
-[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
+[Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton
 
 [github icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/github.svg
 [azurepipelines icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/azurepipelines.svg
 [circleci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/circleci.svg
 [gitlab icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/gitlab.svg
 [travisci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/travisci.svg
-[cirrusci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/cirrusci.svg
 [windows icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/windows.svg
 [apple icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/apple.svg
 [linux icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/linux.svg
+[android icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/android.svg
+[ios icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/ios.svg
+[pyodide icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/pyodide.svg
 
 <!-- END bin/projects.py -->
 
@@ -227,74 +237,57 @@ Changelog
 
 <!-- [[[cog from readme_changelog import mini_changelog; print(mini_changelog()) ]]] -->
 
-### v3.0.0
+### v3.4.1
 
-_11 June 2025_
+_2 April 2026_
 
-See @henryiii's [release post](https://iscinumpy.dev/post/cibuildwheel-3-0-0/) for more info on new features!
+- ⚠️ Building for the experimental CPython 3.13 free-threading variant is now deprecated. That functionality will be removed in the next minor release. The [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) option `cpython-freethreading` is therefore also deprecated. Builds specifying `enable = "all"` no longer select `cpython-freethreading`. CPython 3.14 free-threading support remains available without the `enable` flag. (#2787)
+- 🐛 iOS builds will no longer skip `repair-wheel-command` if it's defined in config (#2761)
+- 🐛 Fix bug causing `uv` to fail when environments define PYTHON_VERSION or UV_PYTHON, conflicting with our venvs (#2795)
+- ✨ cibuildwheel prints the selected build identifiers at the start of the build. (#2785)
+- 🔐 The GitHub Action now references other actions with a full SHA (#2744)
 
-- 🌟 Adds the ability to [build wheels for iOS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/platforms/#ios)! Set the [`platform` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#platform) to `ios` on a Mac with the iOS toolchain to try it out! (#2286, #2363, #2432)
+### v3.4.0
-- 🌟 Adds support for the GraalPy interpreter! Enable for your project using the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable). (#1538, #2411, #2414)
-- ✨ Adds CPython 3.14 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.14.0b2. (#2390)
 
-    _While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.14 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag._ (#2390)
+_5 March 2026_
-- ✨ Adds the [test-sources option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-sources), and changes the working directory for tests. (#2062, #2284, #2437)
 
-    - If this option is set, cibuildwheel will copy the files and folders specified in `test-sources` into the temporary directory we run from. This is required for iOS builds, but also useful for other platforms, as it allows you to avoid placeholders.
+- 🌟 You can now build wheels using `uv` as a build frontend. This should improve performance, especially if your project has lots of build dependencies. To use, set [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) to `uv`. (#2322)
-    - If this option is not set, behaviour matches v2.x - cibuildwheel will run the tests from a temporary directory, and you can use the `{project}` placeholder in the `test-command` to refer to the project directory. (#2420)
+- ⚠️ We no longer support running on Travis CI. It may continue working but we don't run tests there anymore so we can't be sure. (#2682)
+- ✨ Improvements to building rust wheels on Android (#2650)
+- 🛠 Update Pyodide to 0.29.3 (#2719, #2733)
+- 🐛 Fix bug with the GitHub Action on Windows, where PATH was getting unnecessarily changed, causing issues with meson builds. (#2723)
+- ✨ Add support for quiet setting on `build` and `uv` from the cibuildwheel `build-verbosity` setting. (#2737)
+- 📚 Docs updates, including guidance on using Meson on Windows (#2718)
 
-- ✨ Adds [`dependency-versions`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions) inline syntax (#2122)
+### v3.3.1
-- ✨ Improves support for Pyodide builds and adds the experimental [`pyodide-version`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#pyodide-version) option, which allows you to specify the version of Pyodide to use for builds. (#2002)
-- ✨ Add `pyodide-prerelease` [enable](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) option, with an early build of 0.28 (Python 3.13). (#2431)
-- ✨ Adds the [`test-environment`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-environment) option, which allows you to set environment variables for the test command. (#2388)
-- ✨ Adds the [`xbuild-tools`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#xbuild-tools) option, which allows you to specify tools safe for cross-compilation. Currently only used on iOS; will be useful for Android in the future. (#2317)
-- 🛠 The default [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) has changed from `manylinux2014` to `manylinux_2_28`. (#2330)
-- 🛠 EOL images `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010`, `manylinux_2_24` and `musllinux_1_1` can no longer be specified by their shortname. The full OCI name can still be used for these images, if you wish. (#2316)
-- 🛠 Invokes `build` rather than `pip wheel` to build wheels by default. You can control this via the [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) option. You might notice that you can see your build log output now! (#2321)
-- 🛠 Build verbosity settings have been reworked to have consistent meanings between build backends when non-zero. (#2339)
-- 🛠 Removed the `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS` and `CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT` options - these have been folded into the [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) option instead. (#2095)
-- 🛠 Build environments no longer have setuptools and wheel preinstalled. (#2329)
-- 🛠 Use the standard Schema line for the integrated JSONSchema. (#2433)
-- ⚠️ Dropped support for building Python 3.6 and 3.7 wheels. If you need to build wheels for these versions, use cibuildwheel v2.23.3 or earlier. (#2282)
-- ⚠️ The minimum Python version required to run cibuildwheel is now Python 3.11. You can still build wheels for Python 3.8 and newer. (#1912)
-- ⚠️ 32-bit Linux wheels no longer built by default - the [arch](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs) was removed from `"auto"`. It now requires explicit `"auto32"`. Note that modern manylinux images (like the new default, `manylinux_2_28`) do not have 32-bit versions. (#2458)
-- ⚠️ PyPy wheels no longer built by default, due to a change to our options system. To continue building PyPy wheels, you'll now need to set the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) to `pypy` or `pypy-eol`. (#2095)
-- ⚠️ Dropped official support for Appveyor. If it was working for you before, it will probably continue to do so, but we can't be sure, because our CI doesn't run there anymore. (#2386)
-- 📚 A reorganisation of the docs, and numerous updates. (#2280)
-- 📚 Use Python 3.14 color output in docs CLI output. (#2407)
-- 📚 Docs now primarily use the pyproject.toml name of options, rather than the environment variable name. (#2389)
-- 📚 README table now matches docs and auto-updates. (#2427, #2428)
 
-### v2.23.3
+_5 January 2026_
 
-_26 April 2025_
+- 🛠 Update dependencies and container pins, including updating to CPython 3.14.2. (#2708)
 
-- 🛠 Dependency updates, including Python 3.13.3 (#2371)
+### v3.3.0
 
-### v2.23.2
+_12 November 2025_
 
-_24 March 2025_
+- 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with Docker v29 (#2660)
+- ✨ Adds `test-runtime` option, to customise how tests on simulated/emulated environments are run (#2636)
+- ✨ Adds support for new `manylinux_2_35` images on 32-bit ARM `armv7l`, offering better C++20 compatibility (#2656)
+- ✨ `build[uv]` is now supported on Android (#2587)
+- ✨ You can now install extras (such as `uv`) with a simple option on the GitHub Action (#2630)
+- ✨ `{project}` and `{package}` placeholders are now supported in `repair-wheel-command` (#2589)
+- 🛠 The versions set with `dependency-versions` no longer constrain packages specified by your `build-system.requires`. Previously, on platforms other than Linux, the constraints in this option would remain in the environment during the build. This has been tidied up make behaviour more consistent between platforms, and to prevent version conflicts. (#2583)
+- 🛠 Improve the handling of `test-command` on Android, enabling more options to be passed (#2590)
+- 📚 Docs improvements (#2618)
 
-- 🐛 Workaround an issue with pyodide builds when running cibuildwheel with a Python that was installed via UV (#2328 via #2331)
+### v3.2.1
-- 🛠 Dependency updates, including a manylinux update that fixes an ['undefined symbol' error](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux/issues/1760) in gcc-toolset (#2334)
 
-### v2.23.1
+_12 October 2025_
 
-_15 March 2025_
+- 🛠 Update to CPython 3.14.0 final (#2614)
+- 🐛 Fix the default MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET on Python 3.14 (#2613)
+- 📚 Docs improvements (#2617)
 
-- ⚠️ Added warnings when the shorthand values `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010`, `manylinux_2_24`, and `musllinux_1_1` are used to specify the images in linux builds. The shorthand to these (unmaintainted) images will be removed in v3.0. If you want to keep using these images, explicitly opt-in using the full image URL, which can be found in [this file](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/v2.23.1/cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg). (#2312)
+<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: h5X+wOmWfI) -->
-- 🛠 Dependency updates, including a manylinux update which fixes an [issue with rustup](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/2303). (#2315)
-
-### v2.23.0
-
-_1 March 2025_
-
-- ✨ Adds official support for the new GitHub Actions Arm runners. In fact these worked out-of-the-box, now we include them in our tests and example configs. (#2135 via #2281)
-- ✨ Adds support for building PyPy 3.11 wheels (#2268 via #2281)
-- 🛠 Adopts the beta pypa/manylinux image for armv7l builds (#2269 via #2281)
-- 🛠 Dependency updates, including Pyodide 0.27 (#2117 and #2281)
-
-<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: 9FCUvIZ+dy) -->
 
 ---
 
@@ -314,11 +307,22 @@ Everyone interacting with the cibuildwheel project via codebase, issue tracker,
 Maintainers
 -----------
 
+Core:
+
 - Joe Rickerby [@joerick](https://github.com/joerick)
 - Yannick Jadoul [@YannickJadoul](https://github.com/YannickJadoul)
 - Matthieu Darbois [@mayeut](https://github.com/mayeut)
 - Henry Schreiner [@henryiii](https://github.com/henryiii)
 - Grzegorz Bokota [@Czaki](https://github.com/Czaki)
+- Agriya Khetarpal [@agriyakhetarpal](https://github.com/agriyakhetarpal) (also Pyodide)
+
+Platform maintainers:
+
+- Russell Keith-Magee [@freakboy3742](https://github.com/freakboy3742) (iOS)
+- Hood Chatham [@hoodmane](https://github.com/hoodmane) (Pyodide)
+- Gyeongjae Choi [@ryanking13](https://github.com/ryanking13) (Pyodide)
+- Tim Felgentreff [@timfel](https://github.com/timfel) (GraalPy)
+- Malcolm Smith [@mhsmith](https://github.com/mhsmith) (Android)
 
 Credits
 -------

action.yml

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ inputs:
     description: 'Build a specific wheel only. No need for arch/platform if this is set'
     required: false
     default: ''
+  extras:
+    description: 'Comma-separated list of extras to install'
+    required: false
+    default: ''
 branding:
   icon: package
   color: yellow
@@ -24,17 +28,18 @@ branding:
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       id: python
       with:
-        python-version: "3.11 - 3.13"
+        python-version: "3.11 - 3.14"
         update-environment: false
 
     - id: cibw
       run: |
-        # Install cibuildwheel
+        # Install cibuildwheel and build the command line
-        "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" -u << "EOF"
+        "$PYTHON" -u << "EOF"
         import os
+        import shlex
         import shutil
         import sys
         import venv
@@ -42,6 +47,8 @@ runs:
         from pathlib import Path
         from subprocess import run
 
+        EXTRAS = set(e.strip() for e in os.environ.get("INPUT_EXTRAS", "").split(",") if e.strip())
+
 
         class EnvBuilder(venv.EnvBuilder):
             def __init__(self):
@@ -53,39 +60,88 @@ runs:
             def post_setup(self, context):
                 super().post_setup(context)
                 self.bin_path = Path(context.env_exe).parent
-                run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "--python", context.env_exe, "install", r"${{ github.action_path }}"], check=True)
+                install_spec = os.environ["GITHUB_ACTION_PATH"]
+                if EXTRAS:
+                    install_spec += f"[{','.join(sorted(EXTRAS))}]"
+                run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "--python", context.env_exe, "install", install_spec], check=True)
 
 
         print("::group::Install cibuildwheel")
-        venv_path = Path(r"${{ runner.temp }}") / "cibw"
+        venv_path = Path(os.environ["RUNNER_TEMP"]) / "cibw"
         if venv_path.exists():
             shutil.rmtree(venv_path)
+
         builder = EnvBuilder()
         builder.create(venv_path)
-        cibw_path = [path for path in builder.bin_path.glob("cibuildwheel*") if path.stem == "cibuildwheel"][0]
+        exposed_binaries = {"cibuildwheel"}
+
+        if "uv" in EXTRAS:
+            exposed_binaries.add("uv")
+        clean_bin_path = builder.bin_path.parent / f"{builder.bin_path.name}.clean"
+        clean_bin_path.mkdir()
+
+        for path in list(builder.bin_path.iterdir()):
+            if path.stem in exposed_binaries:
+                try:
+                    os.symlink(path, clean_bin_path / path.name)
+                except OSError:
+                    shutil.copy2(path, clean_bin_path / path.name)
+
+        cibw_bin = [p for p in builder.bin_path.glob("cibuildwheel*") if p.stem == "cibuildwheel"][0]
+
+        # Build the command line
+        cmd_args = [str(cibw_bin), os.environ["INPUT_PACKAGE_DIR"]]
+
+        if output_dir := os.environ.get("INPUT_OUTPUT_DIR"):
+            cmd_args += ["--output-dir", output_dir]
+
+        if config_file := os.environ.get("INPUT_CONFIG_FILE"):
+            cmd_args += ["--config-file", config_file]
+
+        if only := os.environ.get("INPUT_ONLY"):
+            cmd_args += ["--only", only]
+
+        cmd_bash = shlex.join(cmd_args)
+
+        def pwsh_quote(text):
+            # Wrap in single quotes and double-up any existing single quotes
+            return "'" + str(text).replace("'", "''") + "'"
+
+        # Prepend '& ' so PowerShell executes the quoted binary path
+        cmd_pwsh = "& " + " ".join(pwsh_quote(arg) for arg in cmd_args)
+
         with open(os.environ["GITHUB_OUTPUT"], "at") as f:
-            f.write(f"cibw-path={cibw_path}\n")
+            f.write(f"prepend-path={clean_bin_path}\n")
+            f.write(f"cmd-bash={cmd_bash}\n")
+            f.write(f"cmd-pwsh={cmd_pwsh}\n")
+
         print("::endgroup::")
         EOF
       shell: bash
+      env:
+        PYTHON: ${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}
+        INPUT_PACKAGE_DIR: ${{ inputs.package-dir }}
+        INPUT_OUTPUT_DIR: ${{ inputs.output-dir }}
+        INPUT_CONFIG_FILE: ${{ inputs.config-file }}
+        INPUT_ONLY: ${{ inputs.only }}
+        INPUT_EXTRAS: ${{ inputs.extras }}
 
     # Redirecting stderr to stdout to fix interleaving issue in Actions.
-    - run: >
+    - run: |
-        "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-path }}"
+        export PATH="$CIBW_PREPEND_PATH:$PATH"
-        "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
+        eval "$CIBW_CMD_BASH" 2>&1
-        ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
-        2>&1
       shell: bash
       if: runner.os != 'Windows'
+      env:
+        CIBW_PREPEND_PATH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.prepend-path }}
+        CIBW_CMD_BASH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cmd-bash }}
 
     # Windows needs powershell to interact nicely with Meson
-    - run: >
+    - run: |
-        & "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-path }}"
+        $env:PATH = "$env:CIBW_PREPEND_PATH;$env:PATH"
-        "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
+        Invoke-Expression $env:CIBW_CMD_PWSH
-        ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
       shell: pwsh
       if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      env:
+        CIBW_PREPEND_PATH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.prepend-path }}
+        CIBW_CMD_PWSH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cmd-pwsh }}

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -16,57 +16,61 @@ pr:
       - noxfile.py
 
 jobs:
-- job: linux_311
+- job: tests
+  strategy:
+    matrix:
+      linux_311:
+        imageName: "ubuntu-latest"
+        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        testSelect: "native"
+      android_311:
+        imageName: "ubuntu-latest"
+        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        testSelect: "android"
+      macos_311:
+        imageName: "macos-latest"
+        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        testSelect: "native"
+      ios_311:
+        imageName: "macos-14"  # See https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/12777
+        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        testSelect: "ios"
+      android_macos_311:
+        imageName: "macos-latest"
+        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        testSelect: "android"
+      windows_311:
+        imageName: "windows-latest"
+        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        testSelect: "native"
   timeoutInMinutes: 180
-  pool: {vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'}
+  pool:
-  steps:
+    vmImage: $(imageName)
-    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
-      inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.11'
-    - bash: |
-        docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-        python -m pip install -U pip
-        python -m pip install -e. --group test
-        if [ "$(Build.SourceBranch)" = "refs/heads/main" ]; then
-          echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-          export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch ($(Build.SourceBranch))."
-        fi
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
-- job: macos_311
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-latest'}
-  timeoutInMinutes: 120
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.11'
+        versionSpec: $(pythonVersion)
-    - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -U pip
-        python -m pip install -e. --group test
-        if [ "$(Build.SourceBranch)" = "refs/heads/main" ]; then
-          echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-          export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch ($(Build.SourceBranch))."
-        fi
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
-- job: windows_311
+    - task: JavaToolInstaller@0
-  pool: {vmImage: 'windows-latest'}
+      condition: and(eq(variables['testSelect'], 'android'), eq(variables['Agent.OS'], 'Linux'))
-  timeoutInMinutes: 180
-  steps:
-    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.11'
+        versionSpec: '17'
+        jdkArchitectureOption: 'x64'
+        jdkSourceOption: 'PreInstalled'
+
+    - bash: docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
+      condition: and(eq(variables['imageName'], 'ubuntu-latest'), eq(variables['testSelect'], 'native'))
+      displayName: 'Install binfmt on Linux'
+
+    - bash: python -m pip install -U pip && python -m pip install -e. --group test
+      displayName: 'Update pip and install cibuildwheel --group test'
+
+    - bash: echo "##vso[task.setvariable variable=CIBW_ENABLE;]all"
+      condition: eq(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/heads/main')
+      displayName: Set CIBW_ENABLE to all (main branch)
+
     - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -U pip
+        echo "CIBW_ENABLE = $CIBW_ENABLE"
-        python -m pip install -e. --group test
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py --test-select $(testSelect)
-        if [ "$(Build.SourceBranch)" = "refs/heads/main" ]; then
+      displayName: 'Run tests'
-          echo "INFO: Exporting CIBW_ENABLE=all for main branch test run."
-          export CIBW_ENABLE=all
-        else
-          echo "INFO: CIBW_ENABLE not set for this branch ($(Build.SourceBranch))."
-        fi
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py

bin/bump_version.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
 
 # /// script
-# dependencies = ["click", "packaging"]
+# dependencies = ["click", "packaging", "prek"]
 # ///
 
 
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
         sys.exit(1)
 
     # fmt: off
-    print(              'Current version:', current_version)
+    print(              "Current version:", current_version)
-    new_version = input('    New version: ').strip()
+    new_version = input("    New version: ").strip()
     # fmt: on
 
     try:
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
     # run pre-commit to update the README changelog
     subprocess.run(
         [
-            "pre-commit",
+            "prek",
             "run",
             "--files=docs/changelog.md",
         ],
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
     # run pre-commit to check that no errors occurred on the second run
     subprocess.run(
         [
-            "pre-commit",
+            "prek",
             "run",
             "--files=docs/changelog.md",
         ],

bin/generate_pyodide_constraints.py

@@ -1,4 +1,14 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+#   "cibuildwheel",
+# ]
+#
+# [tool.uv.sources]
+# cibuildwheel = { path = ".." }
+# ///
 
 import sys
 import textwrap

bin/generate_schema.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
 
 # /// script
 # dependencies = ["pyyaml"]
@@ -6,17 +6,12 @@
 
 import argparse
 import copy
-import functools
 import json
-import sys
 from typing import Any
 
 import yaml
 
-make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(allow_abbrev=False)
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-    make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-parser = make_parser()
 parser.add_argument("--schemastore", action="store_true", help="Generate schema_store version")
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
@@ -33,7 +28,6 @@ $defs:
     description: How to inherit the parent's value.
   enable:
     enum:
-      - cpython-experimental-riscv64
       - cpython-freethreading
       - cpython-prerelease
       - graalpy
@@ -63,21 +57,23 @@ properties:
     type: string_array
   build-frontend:
     default: default
-    description: Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now), "build", or "build[uv]"
+    description: Set the tool to use to build, either "build" (default), "build[uv]", "uv", or "pip"
     oneOf:
-      - enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", default]
+      - enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", uv, default]
       - type: string
         pattern: '^pip; ?args:'
       - type: string
         pattern: '^build; ?args:'
       - type: string
         pattern: '^build\\[uv\\]; ?args:'
+      - type: string
+        pattern: '^uv; ?args:'
       - type: object
         additionalProperties: false
         required: [name]
         properties:
           name:
-            enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]"]
+            enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", uv]
           args:
             type: array
             items:
@@ -229,6 +225,24 @@ properties:
   test-environment:
     description: Set environment variables for the test environment
     type: string_table
+  test-runtime:
+    description: Additional configuration for the test runner
+    oneOf:
+      - type: string
+        pattern: '^$'
+      - type: object
+        additionalProperties: false
+      - type: string
+        pattern: 'args:'
+      - type: object
+        additionalProperties: false
+        required: [args]
+        properties:
+          args:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+
 """
 
 schema = yaml.safe_load(starter)
@@ -309,6 +323,7 @@ items:
         test-sources: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         test-requires: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         test-environment: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
+        test-runtime: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
 """
 )
 
@@ -348,6 +363,7 @@ oses = {
     "windows": as_object(not_linux),
     "macos": as_object(not_linux),
     "pyodide": as_object(not_linux),
+    "android": as_object(not_linux),
     "ios": as_object(not_linux),
 }
 
@@ -368,7 +384,7 @@ schema["properties"] |= oses
 if args.schemastore:
     schema["$id"] = "https://json.schemastore.org/partial-cibuildwheel.json"
     schema["description"] = (
-        "cibuildwheel's toml file, generated with ./bin/generate_schema.py --schemastore from cibuildwheel."
+        "cibuildwheel's settings. Generated with ./bin/generate_schema.py --schemastore from cibuildwheel."
     )
 
 print(json.dumps(schema, indent=2))

bin/inspect_all_known_projects.py

@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+#   "pygithub",
+#   "pyyaml",
+#   "rich",
+#   "cibuildwheel",
+# ]
+#
+# [tool.uv.sources]
+# cibuildwheel = { path = ".." }
+# ///
 
 """
 Check known projects for usage of requires-python.

bin/make_dependency_update_pr.py

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+# ]
+# ///
 
 
 import os

bin/projects.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
 
 # /// script
 # dependencies = [
@@ -20,17 +20,18 @@ Suggested usage:
 import builtins
 import functools
 import textwrap
+import urllib.error
 import urllib.request
 import xml.dom.minidom
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from io import StringIO
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Self, TextIO
 
 import click
 import yaml
-from github import Github, GithubException
+from github import Auth, Github, GithubException
 
 ICONS = (
     "github",
@@ -38,10 +39,12 @@ ICONS = (
     "circleci",
     "gitlab",
     "travisci",
-    "cirrusci",
     "windows",
     "apple",
     "linux",
+    "android",
+    "ios",
+    "pyodide",
 )
 
 
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ class Project:
                     self.notes = notes
         else:
             self.num_stars = 0
-            self.pushed_at = datetime.utcnow()
+            self.pushed_at = datetime.now(UTC)
 
         name_len = len(self.name) + 4
         self.__class__.NAME = max(self.__class__.NAME, name_len)
@@ -124,14 +127,19 @@ class Project:
         return f"[{self.name}]: {self.url}"
 
     def info(self) -> str:
-        days = (datetime.utcnow() - self.pushed_at).days
+        days = (datetime.now(UTC) - self.pushed_at).days
         return f"<!-- {self.name}: {self.num_stars}, last pushed {days} days ago -->"
 
 
 def fetch_icon(icon_name: str) -> None:
     url = f"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/simple-icons@v4/icons/{icon_name}.svg"
-    with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as f:
+    try:
-        original_svg_data = f.read()
+        with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as f:
+            original_svg_data = f.read()
+    except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
+        if e.code == 404 and path_for_icon(icon_name).exists():
+            return
+        raise
 
     document = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(original_svg_data)
     svgElement = document.documentElement
@@ -165,7 +173,7 @@ def get_projects(
         for icon in ICONS:
             fetch_icon(icon)
 
-    github = Github(auth) if online else None
+    github = Github(auth=Auth.Token(auth)) if (online and auth) else None
 
     return sorted((Project(item, github) for item in config), reverse=online)
 

bin/readme_changelog.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
 
 import re
 from pathlib import Path

bin/readme_options_table.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
 
 import dataclasses
 import re

bin/run_example_ci_configs.py

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+# ]
+# ///
 
 
 import os
+import re
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -13,7 +20,9 @@ from urllib.parse import quote
 
 import click
 
-DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
+DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
+
+BuildBackend = typing.Literal["setuptools", "meson"]
 
 
 def shell(cmd: str, *, check: bool, **kwargs: object) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
@@ -26,11 +35,17 @@ def git_repo_has_changes() -> bool:
     return unstaged_changes or staged_changes
 
 
-def generate_basic_project(path: Path) -> None:
+def generate_project(path: Path, build_backend: BuildBackend) -> None:
     sys.path.insert(0, "")
-    from test.test_projects.c import new_c_project
+    match build_backend:
+        case "meson":
+            from test.test_projects.meson import new_meson_project as new_project  # noqa: PLC0415
+        case "setuptools":
+            from test.test_projects.setuptools import new_c_project as new_project  # noqa: PLC0415
+        case _:
+            typing.assert_never(build_backend)
 
-    project = new_c_project()
+    project = new_project()
     project.generate(path)
 
 
@@ -38,6 +53,45 @@ class CIService(typing.NamedTuple):
     name: str
     dst_config_path: str
     badge_md: str
+    config_file_transform: typing.Callable[[str, str], str] = lambda x, _: x  # identity by default
+
+
+def github_config_file_transform(content: str, git_ref: str) -> str:
+    # one of the the github configs only builds on main, so we need to remove that restriction
+    # so our example build will run on the test branch.
+    #
+    # replace:
+    # """
+    # push:
+    #   branches:
+    #     - main
+    # """
+    # with:
+    # """
+    # push:
+    # """"
+    content = re.sub(
+        r"push:\n\s+branches:\n\s+- main",
+        "push:",
+        content,
+    )
+
+    # use the version of cibuildwheel from the current commit, not the latest
+    # release
+    # replace:
+    # """
+    # uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.1
+    # """
+    # with:
+    # """
+    # uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@<latest commit hash>
+    # """
+    content = re.sub(
+        r"uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v.*",
+        f"uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@{git_ref}",
+        content,
+    )
+    return content
 
 
 services = [
@@ -54,7 +108,8 @@ services = [
     CIService(
         name="github",
         dst_config_path=".github/workflows/example.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Build](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/workflows/Build/badge.svg?branch={branch})](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions)",
+        badge_md="[![Build](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions/workflows/example.yml/badge.svg?branch={branch})](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions?query=branch%3A{branch})",
+        config_file_transform=github_config_file_transform,
     ),
     CIService(
         name="travis-ci",
@@ -66,11 +121,6 @@ services = [
         dst_config_path=".gitlab-ci.yml",
         badge_md="[![Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/badges/{branch}/pipeline.svg)](https://gitlab.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/-/commits/{branch})",
     ),
-    CIService(
-        name="cirrus-ci",
-        dst_config_path=".cirrus.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Cirrus CI](https://api.cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel.svg?branch={branch})](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel/{branch})",
-    ),
 ]
 
 
@@ -85,18 +135,23 @@ def ci_service_for_config_file(config_file: Path) -> CIService:
 
 @click.command()
 @click.argument("config_files", nargs=-1, type=click.Path())
-def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
+@click.option("--build-backend", type=click.Choice(["setuptools", "meson"]), default="setuptools")
+def run_example_ci_configs(
+    config_files: list[str], build_backend: BuildBackend = "setuptools"
+) -> None:
     """
     Test the example configs. If no files are specified, will test
     examples/*-minimal.yml
     """
 
     if len(config_files) == 0:
-        config_files = Path("examples").glob("*-minimal.yml")
+        config_file_paths = list(Path("examples").glob("*-minimal.yml"))
+    else:
+        config_file_paths = [Path(f) for f in config_files]
 
     # check each CI service has at most 1 config file
     configs_by_service = set()
-    for config_file in config_files:
+    for config_file in config_file_paths:
         service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
         if service.name in configs_by_service:
             msg = "You cannot specify more than one config per CI service"
@@ -110,6 +165,9 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
     previous_branch = shell(
         "git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD", check=True, capture_output=True, encoding="utf8"
     ).stdout.strip()
+    git_ref = shell(
+        "git rev-parse HEAD", check=True, capture_output=True, encoding="utf8"
+    ).stdout.strip()
 
     timestamp = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H-%M-%S", time.gmtime())
     branch_name = f"example-config-test---{previous_branch}-{timestamp}"
@@ -118,19 +176,22 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
         shell(f"git checkout --orphan {branch_name}", check=True)
 
         example_project = Path("example_root")
-        generate_basic_project(example_project)
+        generate_project(example_project, build_backend=build_backend)
 
-        for config_file in config_files:
+        for config_file in config_file_paths:
             service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
             dst_config_file = example_project / service.dst_config_path
 
             dst_config_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            shutil.copyfile(config_file, dst_config_file)
+
+            contents = config_file.read_text(encoding="utf8")
+            contents = service.config_file_transform(contents, git_ref)
+            dst_config_file.write_text(contents, encoding="utf8")
 
         subprocess.run(["git", "add", example_project], check=True)
         message = textwrap.dedent(
             f"""\
-            Test example minimal configs
+            Test example CI configs
 
             Testing files: {[str(f) for f in config_files]}
             Generated from branch: {previous_branch}
@@ -148,14 +209,14 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
         print("> ")
         print("> | Service | Config | Status |")
         print("> |---|---|---|")
-        for config_file in config_files:
+        for config_file in config_file_paths:
             service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
             badge = service.badge_md.format(
                 branch=branch_name, branch_escaped=quote(branch_name, safe="")
             )
             print(f"> | {service.name} | `{config_file}` | {badge} |")
         print("> ")
-        print("> Generated by `bin/run_example_ci_config.py`")
+        print(f"> Generated by `{' '.join(sys.argv)}`")
         print()
         print("---")
     finally:

bin/run_tests.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
 
 
 import argparse
-import functools
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -14,10 +13,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     else:
         default_cpu_count = os.process_cpu_count() or 2
 
-    make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(allow_abbrev=False)
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-        make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-    parser = make_parser()
     parser.add_argument(
         "--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests (linux only)"
     )
@@ -27,26 +23,66 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         default=default_cpu_count,
         help="number of processes to use for testing",
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--test-select",
+        choices={"all", "native", "android", "ios", "pyodide"},
+        default="all",
+        help="Either 'native' or 'android'/'ios'/'pyodide'",
+    )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     # move cwd to the project root
     os.chdir(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1])
 
+    # doc tests
+    doc_test_args = [sys.executable, "-m", "pytest", "cibuildwheel"]
+
+    print(
+        "\n\n================================== DOC TESTS ==================================",
+        flush=True,
+    )
+    result = subprocess.run(doc_test_args, check=False)
+    if result.returncode not in (0, 5):
+        # Allow case where no doctests are collected (returncode 5) because
+        # circleci sets an explicit "-k" filter that disables doctests. There
+        # isn't a pattern that will only select doctests. This can be removed
+        # and have check=True if the circleci PYTEST_ADDOPTS is removed.
+        raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(
+            result.returncode, result.args, output=result.stdout, stderr=result.stderr
+        )
+
     # unit tests
+    print(
+        "\n\n================================== UNIT TESTS ==================================",
+        flush=True,
+    )
     unit_test_args = [sys.executable, "-m", "pytest", "unit_test"]
 
-    if sys.platform.startswith("linux") and os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "linux") == "linux":
+    if (
+        sys.platform.startswith("linux")
+        and os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "linux") == "linux"
+        and args.test_select in ["all", "native"]
+    ):
         # run the docker unit tests only on Linux
         unit_test_args += ["--run-docker"]
 
         if args.run_podman:
             unit_test_args += ["--run-podman"]
 
+    subprocess.run(unit_test_args, check=True)
+
     print(
-        "\n\n================================== UNIT TESTS ==================================",
+        "\n\n=========================== SERIAL INTEGRATION TESTS ===========================",
         flush=True,
     )
-    subprocess.run(unit_test_args, check=True)
+
+    match args.test_select:
+        case "all":
+            marks = []
+        case "native":
+            marks = ["not pyodide", "not android", "not ios"]
+        case mark:
+            marks = [f"{mark}"]
 
     # Run the serial integration tests without multiple processes
     serial_integration_test_args = [
@@ -54,7 +90,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         "-m",
         "pytest",
         "-m",
-        "serial",
+        f"{' and '.join(['serial', *marks])}",
         "-x",
         "--durations",
         "0",
@@ -62,19 +98,19 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         "test",
         "-vv",
     ]
-    print(
+
-        "\n\n=========================== SERIAL INTEGRATION TESTS ===========================",
-        flush=True,
-    )
     subprocess.run(serial_integration_test_args, check=True)
 
-    # Non-serial integration tests
+    print(
+        "\n\n========================= NON-SERIAL INTEGRATION TESTS =========================",
+        flush=True,
+    )
     integration_test_args = [
         sys.executable,
         "-m",
         "pytest",
         "-m",
-        "not serial",
+        f"{' and '.join(['not serial', *marks])}",
         f"--numprocesses={args.num_processes}",
         "-x",
         "--durations",
@@ -87,8 +123,4 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     if sys.platform.startswith("linux") and args.run_podman:
         integration_test_args += ["--run-podman"]
 
-    print(
-        "\n\n========================= NON-SERIAL INTEGRATION TESTS =========================",
-        flush=True,
-    )
     subprocess.run(integration_test_args, check=True)

bin/sample_build.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
 
 
 import argparse
-import functools
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -13,10 +12,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     # move cwd to the project root
     os.chdir(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1])
 
-    make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Runs a sample build", allow_abbrev=False)
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-        make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
-    parser = make_parser(description="Runs a sample build")
     parser.add_argument("project_python_path", nargs="?", default="test.test_0_basic.basic_project")
 
     options = parser.parse_args()

bin/update_docker.py

@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "packaging",
+#   "requests",
+# ]
+# ///
 
 import configparser
 import dataclasses
@@ -43,16 +50,42 @@ images = [
     ),
     # manylinux_2_28 images
     PyPAImage(
-        "manylinux_2_28", ["x86_64", "aarch64", "ppc64le", "s390x", "pypy_x86_64", "pypy_aarch64"]
+        "manylinux_2_28",
+        [
+            "x86_64",
+            "i686",
+            "aarch64",
+            "ppc64le",
+            "s390x",
+            "pypy_x86_64",
+            "pypy_i686",
+            "pypy_aarch64",
+        ],
     ),
     # manylinux_2_31 images
     PyPAImage("manylinux_2_31", ["armv7l"]),
     # manylinux_2_34 images
     PyPAImage(
-        "manylinux_2_34", ["x86_64", "aarch64", "ppc64le", "s390x", "pypy_x86_64", "pypy_aarch64"]
+        "manylinux_2_34",
+        [
+            "x86_64",
+            "i686",
+            "aarch64",
+            "ppc64le",
+            "s390x",
+            "pypy_x86_64",
+            "pypy_i686",
+            "pypy_aarch64",
+        ],
     ),
+    # manylinux_2_35 images
+    PyPAImage("manylinux_2_35", ["armv7l"]),
+    # manylinux_2_39 images
+    PyPAImage("manylinux_2_39", ["riscv64"]),
     # musllinux_1_2 images
-    PyPAImage("musllinux_1_2", ["x86_64", "i686", "aarch64", "ppc64le", "s390x", "armv7l"]),
+    PyPAImage(
+        "musllinux_1_2", ["x86_64", "i686", "aarch64", "ppc64le", "s390x", "armv7l", "riscv64"]
+    ),
 ]
 
 config = configparser.ConfigParser()
@@ -116,8 +149,5 @@ for image in images:
             suffix = f"_{platform.removeprefix('pypy_')}"
         config[platform][image.manylinux_version] = f"{image.image_name}{suffix}:{tag_name}"
 
-if not config.has_section("riscv64"):
-    config["riscv64"] = {}
-
 with open(RESOURCES / "pinned_docker_images.cfg", "w") as f:
     config.write(f)

bin/update_how_it_works_image.py

@@ -1,49 +1,60 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
 
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "playwright",
+# ]
+# ///
 
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
 
-try:
+from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
-    from html2image import Html2Image  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+
-except ImportError:
+CSS = """
-    sys.exit(
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Lato&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
-        """
+    <style>
-        html2image not found. Ensure you have Chrome (on Mac/Windows) or
+        html, body {
-        Chromium (on Linux) installed, and then do:
+          font-family: Lato, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
-            pip install html2image
+          font-weight: 400;
-        """
+          font-size: 16px;
-    )
+          color: #404040;
+          background: white;
+          margin: 0;
+          padding: 0;
+        }
+        * {
+          box-sizing: border-box;
+        }
+    </style>
+"""
 
 
 def main() -> None:
-    subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build"], check=True)
+    subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-m", "playwright", "install", "chromium"], check=True)
 
-    hti = Html2Image(custom_flags=["--force-device-scale-factor=2"])
+    html_str = Path("docs/diagram.html").read_text()
+    html_str = f"<html><head>{CSS}</head><body>{html_str}</body></html>"
 
-    html_str = Path("docs/diagram.md").read_text()
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir_str:
-    css_tags = f"""
+        html_path = Path(tmp_dir_str) / "diagram_screenshot.html"
-        <style>{Path("site/css/theme.css").read_text()}</style>
+        html_path.write_text(html_str)
-        <style>{Path("site/css/theme_extra.css").read_text()}</style>
-        <style>{Path("site/extra.css").read_text()}</style>
-        <style>
-            body {{
-                background: white;
-            }}
-        </style>
-    """
-    html_str = css_tags + html_str
 
-    [screenshot, *_] = hti.screenshot(
+        dest_path = Path("docs/data/how-it-works.png")
-        html_str=html_str,
-        size=(830, 405),
-    )
 
-    dest_path = Path("docs/data/how-it-works.png")
+        with sync_playwright() as p:
-    dest_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            browser = p.chromium.launch()
+            page = browser.new_page(device_scale_factor=2, viewport={"width": 830, "height": 600})
+            page.goto(html_path.as_uri())
+            page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
 
-    Path(screenshot).rename(dest_path)
+            height = page.evaluate("document.body.scrollHeight")
+            page.set_viewport_size({"width": 830, "height": height})
+
+            page.screenshot(path=str(dest_path), full_page=True)
+            browser.close()
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

bin/update_nodejs.py

@@ -1,4 +1,13 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+#   "packaging",
+#   "requests",
+#   "rich",
+# ]
+# ///
 
 
 import dataclasses

bin/update_python_build_standalone.py

@@ -1,4 +1,13 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "cibuildwheel",
+# ]
+#
+# [tool.uv.sources]
+# cibuildwheel = { path = ".." }
+# ///
 
 import json
 

bin/update_pythons.py

@@ -1,7 +1,19 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+#   "packaging",
+#   "requests",
+#   "rich",
+#   "cibuildwheel",
+# ]
+#
+# [tool.uv.sources]
+# cibuildwheel = { path = ".." }
+# ///
 
 
-import copy
 import difflib
 import logging
 import operator
@@ -10,6 +22,7 @@ import tomllib
 from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Final, Literal, TypedDict
+from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
 
 import click
 import requests
@@ -20,6 +33,7 @@ from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
 from cibuildwheel.extra import dump_python_configurations, get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info
+from cibuildwheel.platforms.android import android_triplet
 
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
 
@@ -32,41 +46,20 @@ RESOURCES_DIR: Final[Path] = DIR / "cibuildwheel/resources"
 ArchStr = Literal["32", "64", "ARM64"]
 
 
-class ConfigWinCP(TypedDict):
+class Config(TypedDict):
     identifier: str
     version: str
-    arch: str
 
 
-class ConfigWinPP(TypedDict):
+class ConfigUrl(Config):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
-    arch: str
     url: str
 
 
-class ConfigWinGP(TypedDict):
+class ConfigPyodide(Config):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
-    url: str
-
-
-class ConfigApple(TypedDict):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
-    url: str
-
-
-class ConfigPyodide(TypedDict):
-    identifier: str
-    version: str
     default_pyodide_version: str
     node_version: str
 
 
-AnyConfig = ConfigWinCP | ConfigWinPP | ConfigWinGP | ConfigApple | ConfigPyodide
-
-
 # The following set of "Versions" classes allow the initial call to the APIs to
 # be cached and reused in the `update_version_*` methods.
 
@@ -98,7 +91,7 @@ class WindowsVersions:
 
         self.version_dict = {Version(v): v for v in cp_info["versions"]}
 
-    def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigWinCP | None:
+    def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> Config | None:
         # Specifier.filter selects all non pre-releases that match the spec,
         # unless there are only pre-releases, then it selects pre-releases
         # instead (like pip)
@@ -113,10 +106,9 @@ class WindowsVersions:
         flags = "t" if self.free_threaded else ""
         version = versions[0]
         identifier = f"cp{version.major}{version.minor}{flags}-{self.arch}"
-        return ConfigWinCP(
+        return Config(
             identifier=identifier,
             version=self.version_dict[version],
-            arch=self.arch_str,
         )
 
 
@@ -138,7 +130,7 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
 
         self.releases = [r for r in releases if "graalpy_version" in r and "python_version" in r]
 
-    def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> AnyConfig:
+    def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl | None:
         if "x86_64" in identifier or "amd64" in identifier:
             arch = "x86_64"
         elif "arm64" in identifier or "aarch64" in identifier:
@@ -147,12 +139,14 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
             msg = f"{identifier} not supported yet on GraalPy"
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
-        gpspec_str = identifier.split("-")[0].split("_")[1]
+        gpspec_str = identifier.split("-", maxsplit=1)[0].split("_")[1]
-        gpspec = Specifier("==24.2.*") if gpspec_str == "242" else Specifier(f"=={gpspec_str}.*")
+        if "." not in gpspec_str and len(gpspec_str) == 3:
+            gpspec_str = gpspec_str[:2] + "." + gpspec_str[-1]
+        gpspec = Specifier(f"=={gpspec_str}.*")
 
-        releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
+        releases_tmp = (r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"]))
-        releases = [r for r in self.releases if gpspec.contains(r["graalpy_version"])]
+        releases_tmp = (r for r in releases_tmp if gpspec.contains(r["graalpy_version"]))
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["graalpy_version"])
+        releases = sorted(releases_tmp, key=lambda r: r["graalpy_version"])
 
         if not releases:
             msg = f"GraalPy {arch} not found for {spec}!"
@@ -164,11 +158,9 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
 
         if "macosx" in identifier:
             arch = "x86_64" if "x86_64" in identifier else "arm64"
-            config = ConfigApple
             platform = "macos"
         elif "win" in identifier:
             arch = "aarch64" if "arm64" in identifier else "x86_64"
-            config = ConfigWinGP
             platform = "windows"
         else:
             msg = "GraalPy provides downloads for macOS and Windows and is included for manylinux"
@@ -176,18 +168,20 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
 
         arch = "amd64" if arch == "x86_64" else "aarch64"
         ext = "zip" if "win" in identifier else "tar.gz"
-        (url,) = (
+        urls = [
             rf["browser_download_url"]
             for rf in release["assets"]
             if rf["name"].endswith(f"{platform}-{arch}.{ext}")
             and rf["name"].startswith(f"graalpy-{gpversion.major}")
-        )
+        ]
-
+        if urls:
-        return config(
+            (url,) = urls
-            identifier=identifier,
+            return ConfigUrl(
-            version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
+                identifier=identifier,
-            url=url,
+                version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
-        )
+                url=url,
+            )
+        return None
 
 
 class PyPyVersions:
@@ -215,7 +209,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:
         ]
         return urls[0] if urls else ""
 
-    def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigWinCP:
+    def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl:
         releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
         releases = sorted(releases, key=operator.itemgetter("pypy_version"))
         releases = [r for r in releases if self.get_arch_file(r)]
@@ -231,14 +225,13 @@ class PyPyVersions:
         identifier = f"pp{version.major}{version.minor}-{version_arch}"
         url = self.get_arch_file(release)
 
-        return ConfigWinPP(
+        return ConfigUrl(
             identifier=identifier,
             version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
-            arch=self.arch,
             url=url,
         )
 
-    def update_version_macos(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigApple:
+    def update_version_macos(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl:
         if self.arch not in {"64", "ARM64"}:
             msg = f"'{self.arch}' arch not supported yet on macOS"
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
@@ -262,7 +255,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:
             if "" in rf["platform"] == "darwin" and rf["arch"] == arch
         )
 
-        return ConfigApple(
+        return ConfigUrl(
             identifier=identifier,
             version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
             url=url,
@@ -286,32 +279,25 @@ class CPythonVersions:
 
             # Removing the prefix
             version = Version(release["name"].removeprefix("Python "))
+            self.versions_dict[version] = release["resource_uri"]
 
-            uri = int(release["resource_uri"].rstrip("/").split("/")[-1])
+        files_response = requests.get("https://www.python.org/api/v2/downloads/release_file/")
-            self.versions_dict[version] = uri
+        files_response.raise_for_status()
+        self.files_info = files_response.json()
 
-    def update_version_macos(
+    def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier, file_ident: str) -> ConfigUrl | None:
-        self, identifier: str, version: Version, spec: Specifier
-    ) -> ConfigApple | None:
         # see note above on Specifier.filter
         unsorted_versions = spec.filter(self.versions_dict)
         sorted_versions = sorted(unsorted_versions, reverse=True)
 
-        macver = "x10.9" if version <= Version("3.8.9999") else "11"
-        file_ident = f"macos{macver}.pkg"
-
         for new_version in sorted_versions:
             # Find the first patch version that contains the requested file
             uri = self.versions_dict[new_version]
-            response = requests.get(
+            files = [rf for rf in self.files_info if rf["release"] == uri]
-                f"https://www.python.org/api/v2/downloads/release_file/?release={uri}"
-            )
-            response.raise_for_status()
-            file_info = response.json()
 
-            urls = [rf["url"] for rf in file_info if file_ident in rf["url"]]
+            urls = [rf["url"] for rf in files if file_ident in rf["url"]]
             if urls:
-                return ConfigApple(
+                return ConfigUrl(
                     identifier=identifier,
                     version=f"{new_version.major}.{new_version.minor}",
                     url=urls[0],
@@ -319,6 +305,45 @@ class CPythonVersions:
 
         return None
 
+    def update_version_macos(
+        self, identifier: str, version: Version, spec: Specifier
+    ) -> ConfigUrl | None:
+        macver = "x10.9" if version <= Version("3.8.9999") else "11"
+        return self.update_version(identifier, spec, f"macos{macver}.pkg")
+
+    def update_version_android(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl | None:
+        return self.update_version(identifier, spec, android_triplet(identifier))
+
+
+class MavenVersions:
+    MAVEN_URL = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python"
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        response = requests.get(f"{self.MAVEN_URL}/maven-metadata.xml")
+        response.raise_for_status()
+        root = ET.fromstring(response.text)
+
+        self.versions: list[Version] = []
+        for version_elem in root.findall("./versioning/versions/version"):
+            version_str = version_elem.text
+            assert isinstance(version_str, str), version_str
+            self.versions.append(Version(version_str))
+
+    def update_version_android(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl | None:
+        sorted_versions = sorted(spec.filter(self.versions), reverse=True)
+
+        # Return a config using the highest version for the given specifier.
+        if sorted_versions:
+            max_version = sorted_versions[0]
+            triplet = android_triplet(identifier)
+            return ConfigUrl(
+                identifier=identifier,
+                version=f"{max_version.major}.{max_version.minor}",
+                url=f"{self.MAVEN_URL}/{max_version}/python-{max_version}-{triplet}.tar.gz",
+            )
+        else:
+            return None
+
 
 class CPythonIOSVersions:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
@@ -349,11 +374,11 @@ class CPythonIOSVersions:
                 if filename.endswith("-iOS-support"):
                     self.versions_dict[version][int(build[1:])] = asset["browser_download_url"]
 
-    def update_version_ios(self, identifier: str, version: Version) -> ConfigApple | None:
+    def update_version_ios(self, identifier: str, version: Version) -> ConfigUrl | None:
         # Return a config using the highest build number for the given version.
         urls = [url for _, url in sorted(self.versions_dict.get(version, {}).items())]
         if urls:
-            return ConfigApple(
+            return ConfigUrl(
                 identifier=identifier,
                 version=str(version),
                 url=urls[-1],
@@ -409,10 +434,11 @@ class AllVersions:
         self.windows_t_arm64 = WindowsVersions("ARM64", True)
         self.windows_pypy_64 = PyPyVersions("64")
 
-        self.macos_cpython = CPythonVersions()
+        self.cpython = CPythonVersions()
         self.macos_pypy = PyPyVersions("64")
         self.macos_pypy_arm64 = PyPyVersions("ARM64")
 
+        self.maven = MavenVersions()
         self.ios_cpython = CPythonIOSVersions()
 
         self.graalpy = GraalPyVersions()
@@ -424,19 +450,20 @@ class AllVersions:
         version = Version(config["version"])
         spec = Specifier(f"=={version.major}.{version.minor}.*")
         log.info("Reading in %r -> %s @ %s", str(identifier), spec, version)
-        orig_config = copy.copy(config)
+        config_update: Config | None = None
-        config_update: AnyConfig | None = None
 
         # We need to use ** in update due to MyPy (probably a bug)
         if "macosx" in identifier:
             if identifier.startswith("cp"):
-                config_update = self.macos_cpython.update_version_macos(identifier, version, spec)
+                config_update = self.cpython.update_version_macos(identifier, version, spec)
             elif identifier.startswith("pp"):
                 if "macosx_x86_64" in identifier:
                     config_update = self.macos_pypy.update_version_macos(spec)
                 elif "macosx_arm64" in identifier:
                     config_update = self.macos_pypy_arm64.update_version_macos(spec)
             elif identifier.startswith("gp"):
+                if "macosx_x86_64" in identifier:
+                    return
                 config_update = self.graalpy.update_version(identifier, spec)
         elif "t-win32" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
             config_update = self.windows_t_32.update_version_windows(spec)
@@ -455,6 +482,11 @@ class AllVersions:
             config_update = self.windows_t_arm64.update_version_windows(spec)
         elif "win_arm64" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
             config_update = self.windows_arm64.update_version_windows(spec)
+        elif "android" in identifier:
+            # Python 3.13 is released by Chaquopy on Maven Central.
+            # Python 3.14 and newer have official releases on python.org.
+            versions = self.maven if identifier.startswith("cp313") else self.cpython
+            config_update = versions.update_version_android(identifier, spec)
         elif "ios" in identifier:
             config_update = self.ios_cpython.update_version_ios(identifier, version)
         elif "pyodide" in identifier:
@@ -463,10 +495,10 @@ class AllVersions:
             )
 
         assert config_update is not None, f"{identifier} not found!"
-        config.update(**config_update)
+        if config_update != config:
-
+            log.info("  Updated %s to %s", config, config_update)
-        if config != orig_config:
+            config.clear()
-            log.info("  Updated %s to %s", orig_config, config)
+            config.update(**config_update)
 
 
 @click.command()
@@ -490,17 +522,9 @@ def update_pythons(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
     with toml_file_path.open("rb") as f:
         configs = tomllib.load(f)
 
-    for config in configs["windows"]["python_configurations"]:
+    for platform in ["windows", "macos", "android", "ios", "pyodide"]:
-        all_versions.update_config(config)
+        for config in configs[platform]["python_configurations"]:
-
+            all_versions.update_config(config)
-    for config in configs["macos"]["python_configurations"]:
-        all_versions.update_config(config)
-
-    for config in configs["ios"]["python_configurations"]:
-        all_versions.update_config(config)
-
-    for config in configs["pyodide"]["python_configurations"]:
-        all_versions.update_config(config)
 
     result_toml = dump_python_configurations(configs)
 

bin/update_virtualenv.py

@@ -1,20 +1,33 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
+
+# /// script
+# dependencies = [
+#   "click",
+#   "packaging",
+#   "rich",
+#   "cibuildwheel",
+# ]
+#
+# [tool.uv.sources]
+# cibuildwheel = { path = ".." }
+# ///
 
 
 import dataclasses
 import difflib
 import logging
-import subprocess
 import tomllib
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final
 
 import click
 import rich
-from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
+from packaging.version import Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
+from cibuildwheel.extra import github_api_request
+
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
 
 # Looking up the dir instead of using utils.resources_dir
@@ -30,32 +43,26 @@ GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE: Final[str] = (
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
 class VersionTuple:
+    name: str
+    download_url: str
     version: Version
-    version_string: str
 
 
-def git_ls_remote_versions(url: str) -> list[VersionTuple]:
+def get_latest_virtualenv_release() -> VersionTuple:
-    versions: list[VersionTuple] = []
+    response = github_api_request("repos/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/latest")
-    tags = subprocess.run(
+    tag_name = response["tag_name"]
-        ["git", "ls-remote", "--tags", url], check=True, text=True, capture_output=True
+
-    ).stdout.splitlines()
+    asset = next(
-    for tag in tags:
+        (asset for asset in response["assets"] if asset["name"] == "virtualenv.pyz"),
-        _, ref = tag.split()
+        None,
-        assert ref.startswith("refs/tags/")
+    )
-        version_string = ref[10:]
+    if not asset:
-        try:
+        msg = "No asset named 'virtualenv.pyz' found in the latest release of get-virtualenv."
-            version = Version(version_string)
+        raise RuntimeError(msg)
-            if version.is_devrelease:
+
-                log.info("Ignoring development release %r", str(version))
+    return VersionTuple(
-                continue
+        version=Version(tag_name), name=tag_name, download_url=asset["browser_download_url"]
-            if version.is_prerelease:
+    )
-                log.info("Ignoring pre-release %r", str(version))
-                continue
-            versions.append(VersionTuple(version, version_string))
-        except InvalidVersion:
-            log.warning("Ignoring ref %r", ref)
-    versions.sort(reverse=True)
-    return versions
 
 
 @click.command()
@@ -78,14 +85,20 @@ def update_virtualenv(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
     with toml_file_path.open("rb") as f:
         configurations = tomllib.load(f)
     default = configurations.pop("default")
-    version = str(default["version"])
+    local_version = str(default["version"])
-    versions = git_ls_remote_versions(GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB)
+
-    if versions[0].version > Version(version):
+    latest_release = get_latest_virtualenv_release()
-        version = versions[0].version_string
+
+    if latest_release.version > Version(local_version):
+        version = latest_release.name
+        url = latest_release.download_url
+    else:
+        version = local_version
+        url = default["url"]
 
     configurations["default"] = {
         "version": version,
-        "url": GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE.format(version=version),
+        "url": url,
     }
     result_toml = "".join(
         f'{key} = {{ version = "{value["version"]}", url = "{value["url"]}" }}\n'

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "3.0.0"
+__version__ = "3.4.1"

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import shutil
 import sys
 import tarfile
 import textwrap
-import time
 import traceback
 import typing
 from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Sequence
@@ -16,17 +15,17 @@ from tempfile import mkdtemp
 from typing import Any, Literal, TextIO
 
 import cibuildwheel
-import cibuildwheel.util
 from cibuildwheel import errors
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, allowed_architectures_check
 from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions
 from cibuildwheel.logger import log
 from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments, Options, compute_options
-from cibuildwheel.platforms import ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES, get_build_identifiers
+from cibuildwheel.platforms import ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES, get_build_identifiers, native_platform
 from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, selector_matches
 from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
-from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, ensure_cache_sentinel
 from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import strtobool
+from cibuildwheel.util.resources import read_all_configs
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ class Unbuffered:
         self.stream.writelines(data)
         self.stream.flush()
 
-    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:  # noqa: ANN401
         return getattr(self.stream, attr)
 
 
@@ -79,29 +78,32 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
     `main_inner` is the same as `main`, but it raises FatalError exceptions
     rather than exiting directly.
     """
-
+    # Default in 3.15+, only needed on 3.14
-    make_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, allow_abbrev=False)
     if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
-        make_parser = functools.partial(make_parser, color=True, suggest_on_error=True)
+        arg_parser = functools.partial(argparse.ArgumentParser, suggest_on_error=True)
-    parser = make_parser(
+    else:
+        arg_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser
+
+    parser = arg_parser(
         description="Build wheels for all the platforms.",
         epilog="""
             Most options are supplied via environment variables or in
             --config-file (pyproject.toml usually). See
             https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel#options for info.
         """,
+        allow_abbrev=False,
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
         "--platform",
-        choices=["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide", "ios"],
+        choices=["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide", "android", "ios"],
         default=None,
         help="""
             Platform to build for. Use this option to override the auto-detected
             platform. Specifying "macos" or "windows" only works on that
             operating system. "linux" works on any desktop OS, as long as
-            Docker/Podman is installed. "pyodide" only works on linux and macOS.
+            Docker/Podman is installed. "pyodide" and "android" only work on
-            "ios" only work on macOS. Default: auto.
+            Linux and macOS. "ios" only works on macOS. Default: auto.
         """,
     )
 
@@ -133,6 +135,8 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
     parser.add_argument(
         "--only",
         default=None,
+        choices=[v["identifier"] for vv in read_all_configs().values() for v in vv],
+        metavar="IDENTIFIER",
         help="""
             Force a single wheel build when given an identifier. Overrides
             CIBW_BUILD/CIBW_SKIP. --platform and --arch cannot be specified
@@ -180,6 +184,12 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
         help="Print the build identifiers matched by the current invocation and exit.",
     )
 
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--clean-cache",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Clear the cibuildwheel cache and exit.",
+    )
+
     parser.add_argument(
         "--allow-empty",
         action="store_true",
@@ -197,6 +207,48 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
 
     global_options.print_traceback_on_error = args.debug_traceback
 
+    if args.clean_cache:
+        if not CIBW_CACHE_PATH.exists():
+            print(f"Cache directory does not exist: {CIBW_CACHE_PATH}")
+            sys.exit(0)
+
+        sentinel_file = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "CACHEDIR.TAG"
+        if not sentinel_file.exists():
+            print(
+                f"Error: {CIBW_CACHE_PATH} does not appear to be a cibuildwheel cache directory.",
+                "Only directories with a CACHEDIR.TAG sentinel file can be cleaned.",
+                sep="\n",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        # Verify signature to ensure it's a proper cache dir
+        # See https://bford.info/cachedir/ for more
+        try:
+            sentinel_content = sentinel_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        except OSError as e:
+            print(f"Error reading cache directory tag: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        if not sentinel_content.startswith("Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55"):
+            print(
+                f"Error: {sentinel_file} does not contain a valid cache directory signature.",
+                "For safety, only properly signed cache directories can be cleaned.",
+                sep="\n",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        print(f"Clearing cache directory: {CIBW_CACHE_PATH}")
+        try:
+            shutil.rmtree(CIBW_CACHE_PATH)
+            print("Cache cleared successfully.")
+        except OSError as e:
+            print(f"Error clearing cache: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        sys.exit(0)
+
     args.package_dir = args.package_dir.resolve()
 
     # This are always relative to the base directory, even in SDist builds
@@ -242,28 +294,14 @@ def _compute_platform_only(only: str) -> PlatformName:
         return "windows"
     if "pyodide_" in only:
         return "pyodide"
+    if "android_" in only:
+        return "android"
     if "ios_" in only:
         return "ios"
     msg = f"Invalid --only='{only}', must be a build selector with a known platform"
     raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
 
 
-def _compute_platform_auto() -> PlatformName:
-    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
-        return "linux"
-    elif sys.platform == "darwin":
-        return "macos"
-    elif sys.platform == "win32":
-        return "windows"
-    else:
-        msg = (
-            'Unable to detect platform from "sys.platform". cibuildwheel doesn\'t '
-            "support building wheels for this platform. You might be able to build for a different "
-            "platform using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information."
-        )
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
-
-
 def _compute_platform(args: CommandLineArguments) -> PlatformName:
     platform_option_value = args.platform or os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "") or "auto"
 
@@ -281,45 +319,9 @@ def _compute_platform(args: CommandLineArguments) -> PlatformName:
     if args.only:
         return _compute_platform_only(args.only)
     elif platform_option_value != "auto":
-        return typing.cast(PlatformName, platform_option_value)
+        return typing.cast("PlatformName", platform_option_value)
 
-    return _compute_platform_auto()
+    return native_platform()
-
-
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
-    """
-    Prints the new items in a directory upon exiting. The message to display
-    can include {n} for number of wheels, {s} for total number of seconds,
-    and/or {m} for total number of minutes. Does not print anything if this
-    exits via exception.
-    """
-
-    start_time = time.time()
-    existing_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
-    yield
-    final_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
-
-    new_contents = [
-        FileReport(wheel.name, f"{(wheel.stat().st_size + 1023) // 1024:,d}")
-        for wheel in final_contents - existing_contents
-    ]
-
-    if not new_contents:
-        return
-
-    max_name_len = max(len(f.name) for f in new_contents)
-    max_size_len = max(len(f.size) for f in new_contents)
-    n = len(new_contents)
-    s = time.time() - start_time
-    m = s / 60
-    print(
-        msg.format(n=n, s=s, m=m),
-        *sorted(
-            f"  {f.name:<{max_name_len}s}   {f.size:>{max_size_len}s} kB" for f in new_contents
-        ),
-        sep="\n",
-    )
 
 
 def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
@@ -360,6 +362,7 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
 
     # create the cache dir before it gets printed & builds performed
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    ensure_cache_sentinel(CIBW_CACHE_PATH)
 
     print_preamble(platform=platform, options=options, identifiers=identifiers)
 
@@ -382,7 +385,7 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
 
     tmp_path = Path(mkdtemp(prefix="cibw-run-")).resolve(strict=True)
     try:
-        with print_new_wheels("\n{n} wheels produced in {m:.0f} minutes:", output_dir):
+        with log.print_summary(options=options):
             platform_module.build(options, tmp_path)
     finally:
         # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
@@ -417,41 +420,61 @@ def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: Sequence[str])
     print(f"Cache folder: {CIBW_CACHE_PATH}")
     print()
 
-    warnings = detect_warnings(options=options, identifiers=identifiers)
+    warnings = detect_warnings(options=options)
     for warning in warnings:
         log.warning(warning)
 
+    error_list = list(detect_errors(options=options, identifiers=identifiers))
+    if error_list:
+        for error in error_list:
+            log.error(error)
+        msg = "\n".join(error_list)
+        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+
+    n = len(identifiers)
+    print(f"{n} build{'s' if n != 1 else ''} selected:")
+    print(", ".join(identifiers))
+    print()
     print("Here we go!\n")
 
 
-def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> list[str]:
+def detect_errors(*, options: Options, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
-    warnings = []
+    # Check for deprecated CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT environment variable
+    if "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT" in os.environ:
+        yield "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT environment variable is no longer supported."
 
-    python_version_deprecation = ((3, 11), 3)
+    # Deprecated {python} and {pip}
-    if sys.version_info[:2] < python_version_deprecation[0]:
-        python_version = ".".join(map(str, python_version_deprecation[0]))
-        msg = (
-            f"cibuildwheel {python_version_deprecation[1]} will require Python {python_version}+, "
-            "please upgrade the Python version used to run cibuildwheel. "
-            "This does not affect the versions you can target when building wheels. See: https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/#what-does-it-do"
-        )
-        warnings.append(msg)
-
-    # warn about deprecated {python} and {pip}
     for option_name in ["test_command", "before_build"]:
         option_values = [getattr(options.build_options(i), option_name) for i in identifiers]
 
         if any(o and ("{python}" in o or "{pip}" in o) for o in option_values):
             # Reminder: in an f-string, double braces means literal single brace
-            msg = (
+            yield (
                 f"{option_name}: '{{python}}' and '{{pip}}' are no longer supported "
                 "and have been removed in cibuildwheel 3. Simply use 'python' or 'pip' instead."
             )
-            raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+
+
+def detect_warnings(*, options: Options) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    python_version_deprecation = ((3, 11), 3)
+    if sys.version_info[:2] < python_version_deprecation[0]:
+        python_version = ".".join(map(str, python_version_deprecation[0]))
+        yield (
+            f"cibuildwheel {python_version_deprecation[1]} will require Python {python_version}+, "
+            "please upgrade the Python version used to run cibuildwheel. "
+            "This does not affect the versions you can target when building wheels. See: https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/#what-does-it-do"
+        )
 
     build_selector = options.globals.build_selector
     test_selector = options.globals.test_selector
 
+    if EnableGroup.CPythonFreeThreading in build_selector.enable:
+        yield (
+            "'cpython-freethreading' enable is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. "
+            "It should be removed from tool.cibuildwheel.enable in pyproject.toml "
+            "or CIBW_ENABLE environment variable."
+        )
+
     all_valid_identifiers = [
         config.identifier
         for module in ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES.values()
@@ -465,27 +488,25 @@ def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> list[str
         identifier for identifier in all_valid_identifiers if enabled_selector(identifier)
     ]
 
-    warnings += check_for_invalid_selectors(
+    yield from check_for_invalid_selectors(
         selector_name="build",
         selector_value=build_selector.build_config,
         all_valid_identifiers=all_valid_identifiers,
         all_enabled_identifiers=all_enabled_identifiers,
     )
-    warnings += check_for_invalid_selectors(
+    yield from check_for_invalid_selectors(
         selector_name="skip",
         selector_value=build_selector.skip_config,
         all_valid_identifiers=all_valid_identifiers,
         all_enabled_identifiers=all_enabled_identifiers,
     )
-    warnings += check_for_invalid_selectors(
+    yield from check_for_invalid_selectors(
         selector_name="test_skip",
         selector_value=test_selector.skip_config,
         all_valid_identifiers=all_valid_identifiers,
         all_enabled_identifiers=all_enabled_identifiers,
     )
 
-    return warnings
-
 
 def check_for_invalid_selectors(
     *,
@@ -497,17 +518,31 @@ def check_for_invalid_selectors(
     warnings = []
 
     for selector in selector_value.split():
-        if not any(selector_matches(selector, i) for i in all_enabled_identifiers):
+        selector_ = selector
+        if selector_name == "test_skip":
+            # macosx_universal2 uses an additional identifier for tests which ends with ":{arch}"
+            values = selector.split(":")
+            universal2_identifiers = filter(
+                lambda x: x.endswith("-macosx_universal2"), all_valid_identifiers
+            )
+            if len(values) == 2 and any(
+                selector_matches(selector_, f"{i}:{arch}")
+                for i in universal2_identifiers
+                for arch in ["arm64", "x86_64"]
+            ):
+                # just ignore the arch part in the rest of the check
+                selector_ = values[0]
+        if not any(selector_matches(selector_, i) for i in all_enabled_identifiers):
             msg = f"Invalid {selector_name} selector: {selector!r}. "
             error_type: type = errors.ConfigurationError
 
-            if any(selector_matches(selector, i) for i in all_valid_identifiers):
+            if any(selector_matches(selector_, i) for i in all_valid_identifiers):
                 msg += "This selector matches a group that wasn't enabled. Enable it using the `enable` option or remove this selector. "
 
-            if "p2" in selector or "p35" in selector:
+            if "p2" in selector_ or "p35" in selector_:
                 msg += f"cibuildwheel 3.x no longer supports Python < 3.8. Please use the 1.x series or update `{selector_name}`. "
                 error_type = errors.DeprecationError
-            if "p36" in selector or "p37" in selector:
+            if "p36" in selector_ or "p37" in selector_:
                 msg += f"cibuildwheel 3.x no longer supports Python < 3.8. Please use the 2.x series or update `{selector_name}`. "
                 error_type = errors.DeprecationError
 

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -6,27 +6,35 @@ import sys
 import typing
 from collections.abc import Set
 from enum import StrEnum, auto
-from typing import Final, Literal
+from typing import Final, Literal, Self
 
 from cibuildwheel import errors
-
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PlatformName
-from .typing import PlatformName
 
 PRETTY_NAMES: Final[dict[PlatformName, str]] = {
     "linux": "Linux",
     "macos": "macOS",
     "windows": "Windows",
     "pyodide": "Pyodide",
+    "android": "Android",
     "ios": "iOS",
 }
 
 ARCH_SYNONYMS: Final[list[dict[PlatformName, str | None]]] = [
-    {"linux": "x86_64", "macos": "x86_64", "windows": "AMD64"},
+    {"linux": "x86_64", "macos": "x86_64", "windows": "AMD64", "android": "x86_64"},
     {"linux": "i686", "macos": None, "windows": "x86"},
-    {"linux": "aarch64", "macos": "arm64", "windows": "ARM64"},
+    {"linux": "aarch64", "macos": "arm64", "windows": "ARM64", "android": "arm64_v8a"},
 ]
 
 
+def arch_synonym(arch: str, from_platform: PlatformName, to_platform: PlatformName) -> str | None:
+    for arch_synonym_ in ARCH_SYNONYMS:
+        if arch == arch_synonym_.get(from_platform):
+            return arch_synonym_.get(to_platform, arch)
+
+    return arch
+
+
 def _check_aarch32_el0() -> bool:
     """Check if running armv7l natively on aarch64 is supported"""
     if not sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
@@ -42,7 +50,7 @@ def _check_aarch32_el0() -> bool:
 
 @typing.final
 class Architecture(StrEnum):
-    # mac/linux archs
+    # mac/linux/android archs
     x86_64 = auto()
 
     # linux archs
@@ -65,40 +73,43 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
     # WebAssembly
     wasm32 = auto()
 
+    # android archs
+    arm64_v8a = auto()
+
     # iOS "multiarch" architectures that include both
     # the CPU architecture and the ABI.
     arm64_iphoneos = auto()
     arm64_iphonesimulator = auto()
     x86_64_iphonesimulator = auto()
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def parse_config(cls, config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Self]:
         result = set()
         for arch_str in re.split(r"[\s,]+", config):
             match arch_str:
                 case "auto":
-                    result |= Architecture.auto_archs(platform=platform)
+                    result |= cls.auto_archs(platform=platform)
                 case "native":
-                    if native_arch := Architecture.native_arch(platform=platform):
+                    if native_arch := cls.native_arch(platform=platform):
                         result.add(native_arch)
                 case "all":
-                    result |= Architecture.all_archs(platform=platform)
+                    result |= cls.all_archs(platform=platform)
                 case "auto64":
-                    result |= Architecture.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="64")
+                    result |= cls.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="64")
                 case "auto32":
-                    result |= Architecture.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="32")
+                    result |= cls.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="32")
                 case _:
                     try:
-                        result.add(Architecture(arch_str))
+                        result.add(cls(arch_str))
                     except ValueError as e:
                         msg = f"Invalid architecture '{arch_str}'"
                         raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
         return result
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def native_arch(platform: PlatformName) -> "Architecture | None":
+    def native_arch(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> Self | None:
         native_machine = platform_module.machine()
-        native_architecture = Architecture(native_machine)
+        native_architecture = cls(native_machine)
 
         # Cross-platform support. Used for --print-build-identifiers or docker builds.
         host_platform: PlatformName = (
@@ -108,86 +119,84 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
         )
 
         if platform == "pyodide":
-            return Architecture.wasm32
+            return cls.wasm32
         elif platform == "ios":
             # Can only build for iOS on macOS. The "native" architecture is the
             # simulator for the macOS native platform.
             if host_platform == "macos":
-                if native_architecture == Architecture.x86_64:
+                if native_architecture == cls.x86_64:
-                    return Architecture.x86_64_iphonesimulator
+                    return cls.x86_64_iphonesimulator
                 else:
-                    return Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator
+                    return cls.arm64_iphonesimulator
             else:
                 return None
 
         # we might need to rename the native arch to the machine we're running
         # on, as the same arch can have different names on different platforms
         if host_platform != platform:
-            for arch_synonym in ARCH_SYNONYMS:
+            synonym = arch_synonym(native_machine, host_platform, platform)
-                if native_machine == arch_synonym.get(host_platform):
+            if synonym is None:
-                    synonym = arch_synonym[platform]
+                # can't build anything on this platform
+                return None
 
-                    if synonym is None:
+            native_architecture = cls(synonym)
-                        # can't build anything on this platform
-                        return None
-
-                    native_architecture = Architecture(synonym)
 
         return native_architecture
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def auto_archs(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Self]:
-        native_arch = Architecture.native_arch(platform)
+        native_arch = cls.native_arch(platform)
         if native_arch is None:
             return set()  # can't build anything on this platform
         result = {native_arch}
 
         match platform:
-            case "windows" if Architecture.AMD64 in result:
+            case "windows" if cls.AMD64 in result:
-                result.add(Architecture.x86)
+                result.add(cls.x86)
-            case "ios" if native_arch == Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator:
+            case "ios" if native_arch == cls.arm64_iphonesimulator:
                 # Also build the device wheel if we're on ARM64.
-                result.add(Architecture.arm64_iphoneos)
+                result.add(cls.arm64_iphoneos)
 
         return result
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def all_archs(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Self]:
         all_archs_map = {
             "linux": {
-                Architecture.x86_64,
+                cls.x86_64,
-                Architecture.i686,
+                cls.i686,
-                Architecture.aarch64,
+                cls.aarch64,
-                Architecture.ppc64le,
+                cls.ppc64le,
-                Architecture.s390x,
+                cls.s390x,
-                Architecture.armv7l,
+                cls.armv7l,
-                Architecture.riscv64,
+                cls.riscv64,
             },
-            "macos": {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64, Architecture.universal2},
+            "macos": {cls.x86_64, cls.arm64, cls.universal2},
-            "windows": {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64, Architecture.ARM64},
+            "windows": {cls.x86, cls.AMD64, cls.ARM64},
-            "pyodide": {Architecture.wasm32},
+            "pyodide": {cls.wasm32},
+            "android": {cls.x86_64, cls.arm64_v8a},
             "ios": {
-                Architecture.x86_64_iphonesimulator,
+                cls.x86_64_iphonesimulator,
-                Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator,
+                cls.arm64_iphonesimulator,
-                Architecture.arm64_iphoneos,
+                cls.arm64_iphoneos,
             },
         }
         return all_archs_map[platform]
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def bitness_archs(cls, platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> set[Self]:
         # This map maps 64-bit architectures to their 32-bit equivalents.
         archs_map = {
-            Architecture.x86_64: Architecture.i686,
+            cls.x86_64: cls.i686,
-            Architecture.AMD64: Architecture.x86,
+            cls.AMD64: cls.x86,
-            Architecture.aarch64: Architecture.armv7l,
+            cls.aarch64: cls.armv7l,
         }
-        native_arch = Architecture.native_arch(platform)
+        native_arch = cls.native_arch(platform)
 
         if native_arch is None:
             return set()  # can't build anything on this platform
 
-        if native_arch == Architecture.wasm32:
+        if native_arch == cls.wasm32:
             return {native_arch} if bitness == "32" else set()
 
         match bitness:
@@ -197,7 +206,7 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
                 if native_arch in archs_map.values():
                     return {native_arch}
                 elif native_arch in archs_map and platform in {"linux", "windows"}:
-                    if native_arch == Architecture.aarch64 and not _check_aarch32_el0():
+                    if native_arch == cls.aarch64 and not _check_aarch32_el0():
                         # If we're on aarch64, skip if we cannot build armv7l wheels.
                         return set()
                     return {archs_map[native_arch]}

cibuildwheel/ci.py

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ import os
 import re
 from enum import Enum
 
-from .util.helpers import strtobool
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import strtobool
+
+ANSI_CODE_REGEX = re.compile(r"(\033\[[0-9;]*m)")
 
 
 class CIProvider(Enum):
@@ -12,7 +14,6 @@ class CIProvider(Enum):
     azure_pipelines = "azure_pipelines"
     github_actions = "github_actions"
     gitlab = "gitlab"
-    cirrus_ci = "cirrus_ci"
 
     # unofficial support
     appveyor = "appveyor"
@@ -33,8 +34,6 @@ def detect_ci_provider() -> CIProvider | None:
         return CIProvider.github_actions
     elif "GITLAB_CI" in os.environ:
         return CIProvider.gitlab
-    elif "CIRRUS_CI" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.cirrus_ci
     elif strtobool(os.environ.get("CI", "false")):
         return CIProvider.other
     else:
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ def fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions(text: str) -> str:
     Github Actions forgets the current ANSI style on every new line. This
     function repeats the current ANSI style on every new line.
     """
-    ansi_code_regex = re.compile(r"(\033\[[0-9;]*m)")
+
     ansi_codes: list[str] = []
     output = ""
 
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ def fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions(text: str) -> str:
         output += "".join(ansi_codes) + line
 
         # split the line at each ANSI code
-        parts = ansi_code_regex.split(line)
+        parts = ANSI_CODE_REGEX.split(line)
         # if there are any ANSI codes, save them
         if len(parts) > 1:
             # iterate over the ANSI codes in this line
@@ -67,3 +66,11 @@ def fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions(text: str) -> str:
                     ansi_codes.append(code)
 
     return output
+
+
+def filter_ansi_codes(text: str, /) -> str:
+    """
+    Remove ANSI codes from text.
+    """
+
+    return ANSI_CODE_REGEX.sub("", text)

cibuildwheel/environment.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from typing import Any, Protocol
 import bashlex
 import bashlex.errors
 
-from . import bashlex_eval
+from cibuildwheel import bashlex_eval
 
 
 class EnvironmentParseError(Exception):
@@ -73,12 +73,16 @@ class EnvironmentAssignmentRaw:
         return self.value
 
 
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class EnvironmentAssignmentBash:
     """
     An environment variable, in bash syntax. The value can use bash constructs
     like "$OTHER_VAR" and "$(command arg1 arg2)".
     """
 
+    name: str
+    value: str
+
     def __init__(self, assignment: str):
         name, equals, value = assignment.partition("=")
         if not equals:
@@ -96,11 +100,6 @@ class EnvironmentAssignmentBash:
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.name}={self.value}"
 
-    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
-        if isinstance(other, EnvironmentAssignmentBash):
-            return self.name == other.name and self.value == other.value
-        return False
-
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(kw_only=True)
 class ParsedEnvironment:
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ class ParsedEnvironment:
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({[repr(a) for a in self.assignments]!r})"
 
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> list[EnvironmentAssignment]:
         return self.assignments
 
 

cibuildwheel/errors.py

@@ -85,3 +85,21 @@ class RepairStepProducedNoWheelError(FatalError):
         )
         super().__init__(message)
         self.return_code = 8
+
+
+class RepairStepProducedMultipleWheelsError(FatalError):
+    def __init__(self, wheels: list[str]) -> None:
+        message = textwrap.dedent(
+            f"""
+            Build failed because the repair step completed successfully but
+            produced multiple wheels: {wheels}
+
+            Your `repair-wheel-command` is expected to place one repaired
+            wheel in the {{dest_dir}} directory. See the documentation for
+            example configurations:
+
+            https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command
+            """
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.return_code = 8

cibuildwheel/extra.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def dump_python_configurations(
 
 def _json_request(request: urllib.request.Request, timeout: int = 30) -> dict[str, Any]:
     with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=timeout) as response:
-        return typing.cast(dict[str, Any], json.load(response))
+        return typing.cast("dict[str, Any]", json.load(response))
 
 
 def github_api_request(path: str, *, max_retries: int = 3) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def github_api_request(path: str, *, max_retries: int = 3) -> dict[str, Any]:
             # pylint: disable=E1101
             if (
                 isinstance(e, urllib.error.HTTPError)
-                and (e.code == 403 or e.code == 429)
+                and (e.code in {403, 429})
                 and e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-remaining") == "0"
             ):
                 reset_time = int(e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-reset", 0))
@@ -98,4 +98,4 @@ def get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info() -> PyodideXBuildEnvInfo:
         "https://pyodide.github.io/pyodide/api/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json"
     )
     with urllib.request.urlopen(xbuildenv_info_url) as response:
-        return typing.cast(PyodideXBuildEnvInfo, json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8")))
+        return typing.cast("PyodideXBuildEnvInfo", json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8")))

cibuildwheel/frontend.py

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import typing
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from typing import Literal, Self, get_args
 
-from .logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from .util.helpers import parse_key_value_string
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import parse_key_value_string
 
-BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]"]
+BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]", "uv"]
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class BuildFrontendConfig:
             msg = f"Unrecognised build frontend {name!r}, must be one of {names}"
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
-        name = typing.cast(BuildFrontendName, name)
+        name = typing.cast("BuildFrontendName", name)
 
         args = config_dict.get("args") or []
         return cls(name=name, args=args)
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ class BuildFrontendConfig:
             return {"name": self.name, "args": repr(self.args)}
 
 
-def _get_verbosity_flags(level: int, frontend: BuildFrontendName) -> list[str]:
+def _get_verbosity_flags(level: int, frontend: BuildFrontendName, *, py38: bool) -> list[str]:
     if level < 0:
-        if frontend == "pip":
+        if frontend.startswith("build") and py38:
-            return ["-" + -level * "q"]
+            msg = f"build_verbosity {level} is not supported for {frontend} frontend. Ignoring."
-
+            log.warning(msg)
-        msg = f"build_verbosity {level} is not supported for {frontend} frontend. Ignoring."
+            return []
-        log.warning(msg)
+        return ["-" + -level * "q"]
 
     if level > 0:
         if frontend == "pip":
@@ -58,11 +58,27 @@ def _split_config_settings(config_settings: str) -> list[str]:
     return [f"-C{setting}" for setting in config_settings_list]
 
 
+# Based on build.__main__.main.
+def parse_config_settings(config_settings_str: str) -> dict[str, str | list[str]]:
+    config_settings: dict[str, str | list[str]] = {}
+    for arg in shlex.split(config_settings_str):
+        setting, _, value = arg.partition("=")
+        existing_value = config_settings.get(setting)
+        if existing_value is None:
+            config_settings[setting] = value
+        elif isinstance(existing_value, str):
+            config_settings[setting] = [existing_value, value]
+        else:
+            existing_value.append(value)
+
+    return config_settings
+
+
 def get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig, verbosity_level: int, config_settings: str
+    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig, verbosity_level: int, config_settings: str, *, py38: bool
 ) -> list[str]:
     return [
         *_split_config_settings(config_settings),
         *build_frontend.args,
-        *_get_verbosity_flags(verbosity_level, build_frontend.name),
+        *_get_verbosity_flags(verbosity_level, build_frontend.name, py38=py38),
     ]

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -1,11 +1,24 @@
 import codecs
+import contextlib
+import dataclasses
+import functools
+import hashlib
+import io
 import os
 import re
 import sys
+import textwrap
 import time
-from typing import IO, AnyStr, Final
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, AnyStr, Final, Literal
 
-from .ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
+import humanize
+
+from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, filter_ansi_codes
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from cibuildwheel.options import Options
 
 FoldPattern = tuple[str, str]
 DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN: Final[FoldPattern] = ("{name}", "")
@@ -37,6 +50,8 @@ PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS: Final[dict[str, str]] = {
     "macosx_universal2": "macOS Universal 2 - x86_64 and arm64",
     "macosx_arm64": "macOS arm64 - Apple Silicon",
     "pyodide_wasm32": "Pyodide",
+    "android_arm64_v8a": "Android arm64_v8a",
+    "android_x86_64": "Android x86_64",
     "ios_arm64_iphoneos": "iOS Device (ARM64)",
     "ios_arm64_iphonesimulator": "iOS Simulator (ARM64)",
     "ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator": "iOS Simulator (x86_64)",
@@ -69,14 +84,42 @@ class Symbols:
         self.error = "✕" if unicode else "failed"
 
 
+@dataclasses.dataclass(kw_only=True, frozen=True)
+class BuildInfo:
+    identifier: str
+    filename: Path | None
+    duration: float
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def size(self) -> str | None:
+        if self.filename is None:
+            return None
+        return humanize.naturalsize(self.filename.stat().st_size)
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def sha256(self) -> str | None:
+        if self.filename is None:
+            return None
+        with self.filename.open("rb") as f:
+            digest = hashlib.file_digest(f, "sha256")
+        return digest.hexdigest()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        duration = humanize.naturaldelta(self.duration)
+        if self.filename:
+            return f"{self.identifier}: {self.filename.name} {self.size} in {duration}, SHA256={self.sha256}"
+        return f"{self.identifier}: {duration} (test only)"
+
+
 class Logger:
-    fold_mode: str
+    fold_mode: Literal["azure", "github", "travis", "disabled"]
     colors_enabled: bool
     unicode_enabled: bool
     active_build_identifier: str | None = None
     build_start_time: float | None = None
     step_start_time: float | None = None
     active_fold_group_name: str | None = None
+    summary: list[BuildInfo]
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         if sys.platform == "win32" and hasattr(sys.stdout, "reconfigure"):
@@ -88,25 +131,28 @@ class Logger:
 
         ci_provider = detect_ci_provider()
 
-        if ci_provider == CIProvider.azure_pipelines:
+        match ci_provider:
-            self.fold_mode = "azure"
+            case CIProvider.azure_pipelines:
-            self.colors_enabled = True
+                self.fold_mode = "azure"
+                self.colors_enabled = True
 
-        elif ci_provider == CIProvider.github_actions:
+            case CIProvider.github_actions:
-            self.fold_mode = "github"
+                self.fold_mode = "github"
-            self.colors_enabled = True
+                self.colors_enabled = True
 
-        elif ci_provider == CIProvider.travis_ci:
+            case CIProvider.travis_ci:
-            self.fold_mode = "travis"
+                self.fold_mode = "travis"
-            self.colors_enabled = True
+                self.colors_enabled = True
 
-        elif ci_provider == CIProvider.appveyor:
+            case CIProvider.appveyor:
-            self.fold_mode = "disabled"
+                self.fold_mode = "disabled"
-            self.colors_enabled = True
+                self.colors_enabled = True
 
-        else:
+            case _:
-            self.fold_mode = "disabled"
+                self.fold_mode = "disabled"
-            self.colors_enabled = file_supports_color(sys.stdout)
+                self.colors_enabled = file_supports_color(sys.stdout)
+
+        self.summary = []
 
     def build_start(self, identifier: str) -> None:
         self.step_end()
@@ -120,7 +166,7 @@ class Logger:
         self.build_start_time = time.time()
         self.active_build_identifier = identifier
 
-    def build_end(self) -> None:
+    def build_end(self, filename: Path | None) -> None:
         assert self.build_start_time is not None
         assert self.active_build_identifier is not None
         self.step_end()
@@ -128,11 +174,14 @@ class Logger:
         c = self.colors
         s = self.symbols
         duration = time.time() - self.build_start_time
+        duration_str = humanize.naturaldelta(duration, minimum_unit="milliseconds")
 
         print()
-        print(
+        print(f"{c.green}{s.done} {c.end}{self.active_build_identifier} finished in {duration_str}")
-            f"{c.green}{s.done} {c.end}{self.active_build_identifier} finished in {duration:.2f}s"
+        self.summary.append(
+            BuildInfo(identifier=self.active_build_identifier, filename=filename, duration=duration)
         )
+
         self.build_start_time = None
         self.active_build_identifier = None
 
@@ -147,6 +196,7 @@ class Logger:
             c = self.colors
             s = self.symbols
             duration = time.time() - self.step_start_time
+
             if success:
                 print(f"{c.green}{s.done} {c.end}{duration:.2f}s".rjust(78))
             else:
@@ -183,6 +233,26 @@ class Logger:
             c = self.colors
             print(f"cibuildwheel: {c.bright_red}error{c.end}: {error}\n", file=sys.stderr)
 
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def print_summary(self, *, options: "Options") -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        start = time.time()
+        yield
+        duration = time.time() - start
+        if summary_path := os.environ.get("GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"):
+            github_summary = self._github_step_summary(duration=duration, options=options)
+            Path(summary_path).write_text(filter_ansi_codes(github_summary), encoding="utf-8")
+
+        n_wheels = len([info for info in self.summary if info.filename])
+        s = "s" if n_wheels > 1 else ""
+        duration_str = humanize.naturaldelta(duration)
+        print()
+        self._start_fold_group(f"{n_wheels} wheel{s} produced in {duration_str}")
+        for build_info in self.summary:
+            print(" ", build_info)
+        self._end_fold_group()
+
+        self.summary = []
+
     @property
     def step_active(self) -> bool:
         return self.step_start_time is not None
@@ -222,6 +292,72 @@ class Logger:
         # lowercase, shorten
         return identifier.lower()[:20]
 
+    def _github_step_summary(self, duration: float, options: "Options") -> str:
+        """
+        Returns the GitHub step summary, in markdown format.
+        """
+        out = io.StringIO()
+        options_summary = options.summary(
+            identifiers=[bi.identifier for bi in self.summary], skip_unset=True
+        )
+        out.write(
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                ### 🎡 cibuildwheel
+
+                <details>
+                <summary>
+                Build options
+                </summary>
+
+                ```yaml
+                {options_summary}
+                ```
+
+                </details>
+
+            """).format(options_summary=options_summary)
+        )
+        n_wheels = len([b for b in self.summary if b.filename])
+        wheel_rows = "\n".join(
+            "<tr>"
+            f"<td nowrap>{'<samp>' + b.filename.name + '</samp>' if b.filename else '*Test only*'}</td>"
+            f"<td nowrap>{b.size or 'N/A'}</td>"
+            f"<td nowrap><samp>{b.identifier}</samp></td>"
+            f"<td nowrap>{humanize.naturaldelta(b.duration)}</td>"
+            f"<td nowrap><samp>{b.sha256 or 'N/A'}</samp></td>"
+            "</tr>"
+            for b in self.summary
+        )
+        out.write(
+            textwrap.dedent("""\
+                <table>
+                <thead>
+                <tr>
+                <th align="left">Wheel</th>
+                <th align="left">Size</th>
+                <th align="left">Build identifier</th>
+                <th align="left">Time</th>
+                <th align="left">SHA256</th>
+                </tr>
+                </thead>
+                <tbody>
+                {wheel_rows}
+                </tbody>
+                </table>
+                <div align="right"><sup>{n} wheel{s} created in {duration_str}</sup></div>
+            """).format(
+                wheel_rows=wheel_rows,
+                n=n_wheels,
+                duration_str=humanize.naturaldelta(duration),
+                s="s" if n_wheels > 1 else "",
+            )
+        )
+
+        out.write("\n")
+        out.write("---")
+        out.write("\n")
+        return out.getvalue()
+
     @property
     def colors(self) -> Colors:
         return Colors(enabled=self.colors_enabled)

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import IO, Literal, Self, assert_never
 
-from .ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
+from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
-from .errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
+from cibuildwheel.errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
-from .logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from .typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
-from .util.cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
-from .util.helpers import FlexibleVersion, parse_key_value_string, strtobool
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import FlexibleVersion, parse_key_value_string, strtobool
 
 ContainerEngineName = Literal["docker", "podman"]
 
@@ -36,6 +36,28 @@ class OCIPlatform(Enum):
     RISCV64 = "linux/riscv64"
     S390X = "linux/s390x"
 
+    @classmethod
+    def native(cls) -> Self:
+        """Return the current OCI platform, or raise ValueError if unknown."""
+        arch = platform.machine().lower()
+        mapping = {
+            "i386": cls.i386,
+            "i686": cls.i386,
+            "x86_64": cls.AMD64,
+            "amd64": cls.AMD64,
+            "armv7l": cls.ARMV7,
+            "aarch64": cls.ARM64,
+            "arm64": cls.ARM64,
+            "ppc64le": cls.PPC64LE,
+            "riscv64": cls.RISCV64,
+            "s390x": cls.S390X,
+        }
+        try:
+            return mapping[arch]
+        except KeyError as ex:
+            msg = f"Unsupported platform architecture: {arch}"
+            raise OSError(msg) from ex
+
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
@@ -56,7 +78,7 @@ class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
             msg = f"unknown container engine {name}"
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
-        name = typing.cast(ContainerEngineName, name)
+        name = typing.cast("ContainerEngineName", name)
         # some flexibility in the option names to cope with TOML conventions
         create_args = config_dict.get("create_args") or config_dict.get("create-args") or []
         disable_host_mount_options = (
@@ -94,44 +116,50 @@ DEFAULT_ENGINE = OCIContainerEngineConfig("docker")
 def _check_engine_version(engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig) -> None:
     try:
         version_string = call(engine.name, "version", "-f", "{{json .}}", capture_stdout=True)
-        version_info = json.loads(version_string.strip())
+        # We are using lowercase keys for all dicts so we are not affected by casing of keys
-        if engine.name == "docker":
+        version_info = json.loads(
-            client_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Client"]["ApiVersion"])
+            version_string.strip(), object_pairs_hook=lambda inp: {k.lower(): v for k, v in inp}
-            server_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Server"]["ApiVersion"])
+        )
-            # --platform support was introduced in 1.32 as experimental, 1.41 removed the experimental flag
+        match engine.name:
-            version = min(client_api_version, server_api_version)
+            case "docker":
-            minimum_version = FlexibleVersion("1.41")
+                client_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["client"]["apiversion"])
-            minimum_version_str = "20.10.0"  # docker version
+                server_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["server"]["apiversion"])
-            error_msg = textwrap.dedent(
+                # --platform support was introduced in 1.32 as experimental, 1.41 removed the experimental flag
-                f"""
+                version = min(client_api_version, server_api_version)
-                Build failed because {engine.name} is too old.
+                minimum_version = FlexibleVersion("1.41")
+                minimum_version_str = "20.10.0"  # docker version
+                error_msg = textwrap.dedent(
+                    f"""
+                    Build failed because {engine.name} is too old.
 
-                cibuildwheel requires {engine.name}>={minimum_version_str} running API version {minimum_version}.
+                    cibuildwheel requires {engine.name}>={minimum_version_str} running API version {minimum_version}.
-                The API version found by cibuildwheel is {version}.
+                    The API version found by cibuildwheel is {version}.
-                """
+                    """
-            )
+                )
-        elif engine.name == "podman":
+            case "podman":
-            # podman uses the same version string for "Version" & "ApiVersion"
+                # podman uses the same version string for "Version" & "ApiVersion"
-            client_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Client"]["Version"])
+                client_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["client"]["version"])
-            if "Server" in version_info:
+                if "server" in version_info:
-                server_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Server"]["Version"])
+                    server_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["server"]["version"])
-            else:
+                else:
-                server_version = client_version
+                    server_version = client_version
-            # --platform support was introduced in v3
+                # --platform support was introduced in v3
-            version = min(client_version, server_version)
+                version = min(client_version, server_version)
-            minimum_version = FlexibleVersion("3")
+                minimum_version = FlexibleVersion("3")
-            error_msg = textwrap.dedent(
+                error_msg = textwrap.dedent(
-                f"""
+                    f"""
-                Build failed because {engine.name} is too old.
+                    Build failed because {engine.name} is too old.
+
+                    cibuildwheel requires {engine.name}>={minimum_version}.
+                    The version found by cibuildwheel is {version}.
+                    """
+                )
+            case _:
+                assert_never(engine.name)
 
-                cibuildwheel requires {engine.name}>={minimum_version}.
-                The version found by cibuildwheel is {version}.
-                """
-            )
-        else:
-            assert_never(engine.name)
         if version < minimum_version:
             raise OCIEngineTooOldError(error_msg) from None
+
     except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, KeyError, ValueError) as e:
         msg = f"Build failed because {engine.name} is too old or is not working properly."
         raise OCIEngineTooOldError(msg) from e
@@ -149,11 +177,19 @@ class OCIContainer:
     back to cibuildwheel.
 
     Example:
+        >>> # xdoctest: +REQUIRES(LINUX)
         >>> from cibuildwheel.oci_container import *  # NOQA
         >>> from cibuildwheel.options import _get_pinned_container_images
+        >>> import pytest
+        >>> try:
+        ...     oci_platform = OCIPlatform.native()
+        ... except OSError as ex:
+        ...     pytest.skip(str(ex))
+        >>> if oci_platform != OCIPlatform.AMD64:
+        ...     pytest.skip('only runs on amd64')
         >>> image = _get_pinned_container_images()['x86_64']['manylinux2014']
         >>> # Test the default container
-        >>> with OCIContainer(image=image) as self:
+        >>> with OCIContainer(image=image, oci_platform=oci_platform) as self:
         ...     self.call(["echo", "hello world"])
         ...     self.call(["cat", "/proc/1/cgroup"])
         ...     print(self.get_environment())
@@ -482,7 +518,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
                 capture_output=True,
             )
         )
-        return typing.cast(dict[str, str], env)
+        return typing.cast("dict[str, str]", env)
 
     def environment_executor(self, command: Sequence[str], environment: dict[str, str]) -> str:
         # used as an EnvironmentExecutor to evaluate commands and capture output

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@ from typing import Any, Final, Literal, Self, assert_never
 
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 
-from . import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from .architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
-from .frontend import BuildFrontendConfig
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendConfig
-from .logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from .oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
+from cibuildwheel.oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
-from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, resolve_dependency_groups
+from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, resolve_dependency_groups
-from .selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, TestSelector, selector_matches
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, TestSelector, selector_matches
-from .typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
-from .util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from .util.helpers import format_safe, strtobool, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import format_safe, parse_key_value_string, strtobool, unwrap
-from .util.packaging import DependencyConstraints
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import DependencyConstraints
 
 MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
     "x86_64",
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ class CommandLineArguments:
     allow_empty: bool
     debug_traceback: bool
     enable: list[str]
+    clean_cache: bool
 
     @classmethod
     def defaults(cls) -> Self:
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ class CommandLineArguments:
             print_build_identifiers=False,
             debug_traceback=False,
             enable=[],
+            clean_cache=False,
         )
 
 
@@ -90,6 +92,20 @@ class GlobalOptions:
     allow_empty: bool
 
 
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TestRuntimeConfig:
+    args: Sequence[str] = ()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self:
+        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, [], ["args"])
+        args = config_dict.get("args") or []
+        return cls(args=args)
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
+        return {"args": repr(self.args)}
+
+
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class BuildOptions:
     globals: GlobalOptions
@@ -108,8 +124,9 @@ class BuildOptions:
     test_extras: str
     test_groups: list[str]
     test_environment: ParsedEnvironment
+    test_runtime: TestRuntimeConfig
     build_verbosity: int
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig | None
+    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig
     config_settings: str
     container_engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig
     pyodide_version: str | None
@@ -343,40 +360,46 @@ def _apply_inherit_rule(
         msg = f"Don't know how to merge {before!r} and {after!r} with {rule}"
         raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
 
-    if rule == InheritRule.APPEND:
+    match rule:
-        return option_format.merge_values(before, after)
+        case InheritRule.APPEND:
-    if rule == InheritRule.PREPEND:
+            return option_format.merge_values(before, after)
-        return option_format.merge_values(after, before)
+        case InheritRule.PREPEND:
-
+            return option_format.merge_values(after, before)
-    assert_never(rule)
+        case _:
+            assert_never(rule)
 
 
 def _stringify_setting(
     setting: SettingValue,
     option_format: OptionFormat | None,
 ) -> str:
-    if isinstance(setting, Mapping):
+    match setting:
-        try:
+        case {}:
-            if option_format is None:
+            assert isinstance(setting, Mapping)  # MyPy 1.15 doesn't narrow this for us
-                raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
+            try:
-            return option_format.format_table(setting)
+                if option_format is None:
-        except OptionFormat.NotSupported:
+                    raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
-            msg = f"Error converting {setting!r} to a string: this setting doesn't accept a table"
+                return option_format.format_table(setting)
-            raise OptionsReaderError(msg) from None
+            except OptionFormat.NotSupported:
-
+                msg = (
-    if not isinstance(setting, str) and isinstance(setting, Sequence):
+                    f"Error converting {setting!r} to a string: this setting doesn't accept a table"
-        try:
+                )
-            if option_format is None:
+                raise OptionsReaderError(msg) from None
-                raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
+        case bool() | int():
-            return option_format.format_list(setting)
+            return str(setting)
-        except OptionFormat.NotSupported:
+        case [*_]:
-            msg = f"Error converting {setting!r} to a string: this setting doesn't accept a list"
+            try:
-            raise OptionsReaderError(msg) from None
+                if option_format is None:
-
+                    raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
-    if isinstance(setting, bool | int):
+                return option_format.format_list(setting)
-        return str(setting)
+            except OptionFormat.NotSupported:
-
+                msg = (
-    return setting
+                    f"Error converting {setting!r} to a string: this setting doesn't accept a list"
+                )
+                raise OptionsReaderError(msg) from None
+        case _:
+            assert isinstance(setting, str)  # MyPy 1.15 doesn't narrow this for us
+            return setting
 
 
 class OptionsReader:
@@ -385,6 +408,7 @@ class OptionsReader:
     by the platform.
 
     Example:
+      >>> # xdoctest: +SKIP
       >>> options_reader = OptionsReader(config_file, platform='macos')
       >>> options_reader.get('cool-color')
 
@@ -651,7 +675,9 @@ class Options:
         )
         requires_python = None if requires_python_str is None else SpecifierSet(requires_python_str)
 
-        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "))
+        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get(
+            "archs", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "), ignore_empty=True
+        )
         architectures = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=self.platform)
 
         # Process `--only`
@@ -659,7 +685,9 @@ class Options:
             build_config = args.only
             skip_config = ""
             architectures = Architecture.all_archs(self.platform)
-            enable = set(EnableGroup)
+            enable |= EnableGroup.all_groups()
+            if args.only.startswith("cp313t-"):
+                enable.add(EnableGroup.CPythonFreeThreading)
 
         build_selector = BuildSelector(
             build_config=build_config,
@@ -750,6 +778,20 @@ class Options:
                 msg = f"Malformed environment option {test_environment_config!r}"
                 raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
 
+            test_runtime_str = self.reader.get(
+                "test-runtime",
+                env_plat=False,
+                option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
+            )
+            if not test_runtime_str:
+                test_runtime = TestRuntimeConfig()
+            else:
+                try:
+                    test_runtime = TestRuntimeConfig.from_config_string(test_runtime_str)
+                except ValueError as e:
+                    msg = f"Failed to parse test runtime config. {e}"
+                    raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
+
             test_requires = self.reader.get(
                 "test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
             ).split()
@@ -766,9 +808,8 @@ class Options:
                 env_plat=False,
                 option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
             )
-            build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig | None
             if not build_frontend_str or build_frontend_str == "default":
-                build_frontend = None
+                build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig("build")
             else:
                 try:
                     build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig.from_config_string(build_frontend_str)
@@ -858,6 +899,7 @@ class Options:
                 test_command=test_command,
                 test_sources=test_sources,
                 test_environment=test_environment,
+                test_runtime=test_runtime,
                 test_requires=[*test_requires, *test_requirements_from_groups],
                 test_extras=test_extras,
                 test_groups=test_groups,
@@ -901,14 +943,18 @@ class Options:
             defaults=True,
         )
 
-    def summary(self, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> str:
+    def summary(self, identifiers: Iterable[str], skip_unset: bool = False) -> str:
         lines = []
         global_option_names = sorted(f.name for f in dataclasses.fields(self.globals))
 
         for option_name in global_option_names:
             option_value = getattr(self.globals, option_name)
             default_value = getattr(self.defaults.globals, option_name)
-            lines.append(self.option_summary(option_name, option_value, default_value))
+            line = self.option_summary(
+                option_name, option_value, default_value, skip_unset=skip_unset
+            )
+            if line is not None:
+                lines.append(line)
 
         build_options = self.build_options(identifier=None)
         build_options_defaults = self.defaults.build_options(identifier=None)
@@ -928,19 +974,26 @@ class Options:
                 i: getattr(build_options_for_identifier[i], option_name) for i in identifiers
             }
 
-            lines.append(
+            line = self.option_summary(
-                self.option_summary(option_name, option_value, default_value, overrides=overrides)
+                option_name,
+                option_value,
+                default_value,
+                overrides=overrides,
+                skip_unset=skip_unset,
             )
+            if line is not None:
+                lines.append(line)
 
         return "\n".join(lines)
 
     def option_summary(
         self,
         option_name: str,
-        option_value: Any,
+        option_value: Any,  # noqa: ANN401
-        default_value: Any,
+        default_value: Any,  # noqa: ANN401
         overrides: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
-    ) -> str:
+        skip_unset: bool = False,
+    ) -> str | None:
         """
         Return a summary of the option value, including any overrides, with
         ANSI 'dim' color if it's the default.
@@ -954,6 +1007,10 @@ class Options:
         overrides_value_strs = {k: v for k, v in overrides_value_strs.items() if v != value_str}
 
         has_been_set = (value_str != default_value_str) or overrides_value_strs
+
+        if skip_unset and not has_been_set:
+            return None
+
         c = log.colors
 
         result = c.gray if not has_been_set else ""
@@ -985,7 +1042,7 @@ class Options:
             return value
 
     @staticmethod
-    def option_summary_value(option_value: Any) -> str:
+    def option_summary_value(option_value: Any) -> str:  # noqa: ANN401
         if hasattr(option_value, "options_summary"):
             option_value = option_value.options_summary()
 

cibuildwheel/platforms/__init__.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
+import sys
-
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final, Protocol
 
+from cibuildwheel import errors
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
 from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from cibuildwheel.platforms import ios, linux, macos, pyodide, windows
+from cibuildwheel.platforms import android, ios, linux, macos, pyodide, windows
 from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
 from cibuildwheel.typing import GenericPythonConfiguration, PlatformName
 
@@ -28,10 +28,27 @@ ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES: Final[dict[PlatformName, PlatformModule]] = {
     "windows": windows,
     "macos": macos,
     "pyodide": pyodide,
+    "android": android,
     "ios": ios,
 }
 
 
+def native_platform() -> PlatformName:
+    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+        return "linux"
+    elif sys.platform == "darwin":
+        return "macos"
+    elif sys.platform == "win32":
+        return "windows"
+    else:
+        msg = (
+            'Unable to detect platform from "sys.platform". cibuildwheel doesn\'t '
+            "support building wheels for this platform. You might be able to build for a different "
+            "platform using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information."
+        )
+        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+
+
 def get_build_identifiers(
     platform_module: PlatformModule,
     build_selector: BuildSelector,

cibuildwheel/platforms/android.py

@@ -0,0 +1,767 @@
+import csv
+import hashlib
+import os
+import platform
+import re
+import shlex
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sysconfig
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, MutableMapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from os.path import relpath
+from pathlib import Path
+from pprint import pprint
+from runpy import run_path
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any
+
+from build import ProjectBuilder
+from build.env import IsolatedEnv
+from elftools.common.exceptions import ELFError
+from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
+from filelock import FileLock
+
+from cibuildwheel import errors, platforms  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, arch_synonym
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags, parse_config_settings
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, Options
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
+from cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone import create_python_build_standalone_environment
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
+
+RESOURCES_ANDROID = resources.PATH / "android"
+
+ANDROID_TRIPLET = {
+    "arm64_v8a": "aarch64-linux-android",
+    "x86_64": "x86_64-linux-android",
+}
+
+
+def parse_identifier(identifier: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    match = re.fullmatch(r"cp(\d)(\d+)-android_(.+)", identifier)
+    if not match:
+        msg = f"invalid Android identifier: '{identifier}'"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    major, minor, arch = match.groups()
+    return (f"{major}.{minor}", arch)
+
+
+def android_triplet(identifier: str) -> str:
+    return ANDROID_TRIPLET[parse_identifier(identifier)[1]]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PythonConfiguration:
+    version: str
+    identifier: str
+    url: str
+
+    @property
+    def arch(self) -> str:
+        return parse_identifier(self.identifier)[1]
+
+
+def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
+    return [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in resources.read_python_configs("android")]
+
+
+def get_python_configurations(
+    build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: set[Architecture]
+) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
+    return [
+        c
+        for c in all_python_configurations()
+        if c.arch in architectures and build_selector(c.identifier)
+    ]
+
+
+def shell_prepared(command: str, *, build_options: BuildOptions, env: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    shell(
+        prepare_command(command, project=".", package=build_options.package_dir),
+        env=env,
+    )
+
+
+def before_all(options: Options, python_configurations: list[PythonConfiguration]) -> None:
+    before_all_options = options.build_options(python_configurations[0].identifier)
+    if before_all_options.before_all:
+        log.step("Running before_all...")
+        shell_prepared(
+            before_all_options.before_all,
+            build_options=before_all_options,
+            env=before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(os.environ),
+        )
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildState:
+    config: PythonConfiguration
+    options: BuildOptions
+    build_path: Path
+    python_dir: Path
+    build_env: dict[str, str]
+    android_env: dict[str, str]
+
+
+def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    if "ANDROID_HOME" not in os.environ:
+        msg = (
+            "ANDROID_HOME environment variable is not set. For instructions, see "
+            "https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/platforms/#android"
+        )
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+
+    configs = get_python_configurations(
+        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
+    )
+    if not configs:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        before_all(options, configs)
+
+        built_wheels: list[Path] = []
+        for config in configs:
+            log.build_start(config.identifier)
+            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
+            build_path = tmp_path / config.identifier
+            build_path.mkdir()
+            python_dir = setup_target_python(config, build_path)
+            build_env, android_env = setup_env(config, build_options, build_path, python_dir)
+            state = BuildState(
+                config, build_options, build_path, python_dir, build_env, android_env
+            )
+
+            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
+            if compatible_wheel:
+                print(
+                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name} that is "
+                    f"compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
+                )
+                repaired_wheel = compatible_wheel
+            else:
+                before_build(state)
+                built_wheel = build_wheel(state)
+                repaired_wheel = repair_wheel(state, built_wheel)
+
+            test_wheel(state, repaired_wheel, build_frontend=build_options.build_frontend.name)
+
+            output_wheel: Path | None = None
+            if compatible_wheel is None:
+                output_wheel = move_file(
+                    repaired_wheel, build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name
+                )
+                built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
+
+            shutil.rmtree(build_path)
+            log.build_end(output_wheel)
+
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
+        msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error
+
+
+def setup_target_python(config: PythonConfiguration, build_path: Path) -> Path:
+    log.step("Installing target Python...")
+    python_tgz = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / config.url.rpartition("/")[-1]
+    with FileLock(f"{python_tgz}.lock"):
+        if not python_tgz.exists():
+            download(config.url, python_tgz)
+
+    python_dir = build_path / "python"
+    python_dir.mkdir()
+    shutil.unpack_archive(python_tgz, python_dir)
+
+    # Patch a testbed bug. This code and the patch file can both be removed once we've
+    # updated to Python versions that include the fix.
+    call("patch", "-p1", "-i", RESOURCES_ANDROID / "android.patch", cwd=python_dir)
+
+    return python_dir
+
+
+def setup_env(
+    config: PythonConfiguration, build_options: BuildOptions, build_path: Path, python_dir: Path
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], dict[str, str]]:
+    """
+    Returns two environment dicts, both pointing at the same virtual environment:
+
+    * build_env, which uses the environment normally.
+    * android_env, which uses the environment while simulating running on Android.
+    """
+    log.step("Setting up build environment...")
+    build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend.name
+    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
+    uv_path = find_uv()
+    if use_uv and uv_path is None:
+        msg = "uv not found"
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+    pip = ["pip"] if not use_uv else [str(uv_path), "pip"]
+
+    # Create virtual environment
+    python_exe = create_python_build_standalone_environment(
+        config.version, build_path, CIBW_CACHE_PATH
+    )
+    venv_dir = build_path / "venv"
+    dependency_constraint = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+        version=config.version, tmp_dir=build_path
+    )
+    build_env = virtualenv(
+        config.version, python_exe, venv_dir, dependency_constraint, use_uv=use_uv
+    )
+    create_cmake_toolchain(config, build_path, python_dir, build_env)
+
+    # Apply custom environment variables, and check environment is still valid
+    build_env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(build_env)
+    build_env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
+    for command in ["python"] if use_uv else ["python", "pip"]:
+        command_path = call("which", command, env=build_env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
+        if command_path != f"{venv_dir}/bin/{command}":
+            msg = (
+                f"{command} available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you "
+                f"have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry "
+                f"or insert {command} above it."
+            )
+            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+        if command == "python":
+            call(command, "-V", "-V", env=build_env)
+        else:
+            call(command, "--version", env=build_env)
+
+    # Construct an altered environment which simulates running on Android.
+    android_env = setup_android_env(config, python_dir, venv_dir, build_env)
+
+    # Install build tools
+    if build_frontend not in {"build", "build[uv]", "uv"}:
+        msg = "Android requires the build frontend to be 'build' or 'uv'"
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+    call(*pip, "install", "build", *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint), env=build_env)
+
+    # Build-time requirements must be queried within android_env, because
+    # `get_requires_for_build` can run arbitrary code in setup.py scripts, which may be
+    # affected by the target platform. However, the requirements must be installed
+    # within build_env, because they're going to run on the build machine.
+    #
+    # The `build` CLI doesn't support this combination, so we use its API to query the
+    # requirements, and then install them ourselves with pip. We'll later run `build` in
+    # the same environment, passing the `--no-isolation` option.
+    class AndroidEnv(IsolatedEnv):
+        @property
+        def python_executable(self) -> str:
+            return f"{venv_dir}/bin/python"
+
+        def make_extra_environ(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+            return android_env
+
+    pb = ProjectBuilder.from_isolated_env(AndroidEnv(), build_options.package_dir)
+    if pb.build_system_requires:
+        call(*pip, "install", *pb.build_system_requires, env=build_env)
+
+    requires_for_build = pb.get_requires_for_build(
+        "wheel", parse_config_settings(build_options.config_settings)
+    )
+    if requires_for_build:
+        call(*pip, "install", *requires_for_build, env=build_env)
+
+    return build_env, android_env
+
+
+def create_cmake_toolchain(
+    config: PythonConfiguration, build_path: Path, python_dir: Path, build_env: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
+    toolchain_path = build_path / "toolchain.cmake"
+    build_env["CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE"] = str(toolchain_path)
+    with open(toolchain_path, "w", encoding="UTF-8") as toolchain_file:
+        print(
+            dedent(
+                f"""\
+                # To support as many build systems as possible, we use environment
+                # variables as the single source of truth for compiler flags and paths,
+                # so they don't need to be specified here.
+
+                set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Android)
+                set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR {android_triplet(config.identifier).split("-")[0]})
+
+                # Inhibit all of CMake's own NDK handling code.
+                set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
+
+                # Tell CMake where to look for headers and libraries.
+                set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH "{python_dir}/prefix")
+                set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
+                set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
+                set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
+                set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE BOTH)
+
+                # Allow CMake to run Python in the simulated Android environment when
+                # policy CMP0190 is active.
+                set(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING_EMULATOR /bin/sh -c [["$0" "$@"]])
+                """
+            ),
+            file=toolchain_file,
+        )
+
+
+def localize_sysconfigdata(
+    python_dir: Path, build_env: dict[str, str], sysconfigdata_path: Path
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    sysconfigdata: dict[str, Any] = run_path(str(sysconfigdata_path))["build_time_vars"]
+    with sysconfigdata_path.open("w", encoding="UTF-8") as f:
+        f.write("# Generated by cibuildwheel\n")
+        f.write("build_time_vars = ")
+        sysconfigdata = localized_vars(build_env, sysconfigdata, python_dir / "prefix")
+        pprint(sysconfigdata, stream=f, compact=True)
+        return sysconfigdata
+
+
+def localized_vars(
+    build_env: dict[str, str], orig_vars: dict[str, Any], prefix: Path
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    orig_prefix = orig_vars["prefix"]
+    localized_vars_ = {}
+    for key, value in orig_vars.items():
+        # The host's sysconfigdata will include references to build-time paths.
+        # Update these to refer to the current prefix.
+        final = value
+        if isinstance(final, str):
+            final = final.replace(orig_prefix, str(prefix))
+
+        if key == "ANDROID_API_LEVEL":
+            if api_level := build_env.get(key):
+                final = int(api_level)
+
+        # Build systems vary in whether FLAGS variables are read from sysconfig, and if so,
+        # whether they're replaced by environment variables or combined with them. Even
+        # setuptools has changed its behavior here
+        # (https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/4836).
+        #
+        # Ensure consistency by clearing the sysconfig variables and letting the environment
+        # variables take effect alone. This will also work for any non-Python build systems
+        # which the build script may call.
+        elif key in ["CFLAGS", "CXXFLAGS", "LDFLAGS"]:
+            final = ""
+
+        # These variables contain an embedded copy of LDFLAGS.
+        elif key in ["LDSHARED", "LDCXXSHARED"]:
+            final = final.removesuffix(" " + orig_vars["LDFLAGS"])
+
+        localized_vars_[key] = final
+
+    return localized_vars_
+
+
+def setup_android_env(
+    config: PythonConfiguration, python_dir: Path, venv_dir: Path, build_env: dict[str, str]
+) -> dict[str, str]:
+    site_packages = next(venv_dir.glob("lib/python*/site-packages"))
+    for suffix in ["pth", "py"]:
+        shutil.copy(RESOURCES_ANDROID / f"_cross_venv.{suffix}", site_packages)
+
+    sysconfigdata_path = Path(
+        shutil.copy(
+            next(python_dir.glob("prefix/lib/python*/_sysconfigdata_*.py")),
+            site_packages,
+        )
+    )
+    sysconfigdata = localize_sysconfigdata(python_dir, build_env, sysconfigdata_path)
+
+    # Activate the code in _cross_venv.py.
+    android_env = build_env.copy()
+    android_env["CIBW_HOST_TRIPLET"] = android_triplet(config.identifier)
+
+    # Get the environment variables needed to build for Android (CC, CFLAGS, etc). These are
+    # generated by https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Android/android-env.sh.
+    env_output = call(python_dir / "android.py", "env", env=build_env, capture_stdout=True)
+
+    # shlex.split should produce a sequence alternating between:
+    #   * the word "export"
+    #   * a key=value string, without quotes
+    for i, token in enumerate(shlex.split(env_output)):
+        if i % 2 == 0:
+            assert token == "export", token
+        else:
+            key, sep, value = token.partition("=")
+            assert sep == "=", token
+            android_env[key] = value
+
+    # localized_vars cleared the CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS in the sysconfigdata, but most
+    # packages take their optimization flags from these variables. Pass these flags via
+    # environment variables instead.
+    #
+    # We don't enable debug information, because it significantly increases binary size,
+    # and most Android app developers don't have the NDK installed, so they would have no
+    # way to strip it.
+    opt = " ".join(word for word in sysconfigdata["OPT"].split() if not word.startswith("-g"))
+    for key in ["CFLAGS", "CXXFLAGS"]:
+        android_env[key] += " " + opt
+
+    # Cargo target linker needs to be specified after CC is set
+    setup_rust(config, python_dir, android_env)
+
+    # Format the environment so it can be pasted into a shell when debugging.
+    for key, value in sorted(android_env.items()):
+        if os.environ.get(key) != value:
+            print(f"export {key}={shlex.quote(value)}")
+
+    return android_env
+
+
+def setup_rust(
+    config: PythonConfiguration,
+    python_dir: Path,
+    env: MutableMapping[str, str],
+) -> None:
+    cargo_target = android_triplet(config.identifier)
+
+    # CARGO_BUILD_TARGET is the variable used by Cargo and setuptools_rust
+    env["CARGO_BUILD_TARGET"] = cargo_target
+
+    # The linker needs to be specified after CC is set by android-env.sh
+    cargo_target_linker_env_name = f"CARGO_TARGET_{cargo_target.upper().replace('-', '_')}_LINKER"
+    # CC has already been set by calling android.py (it calls android-env.sh)
+    env[cargo_target_linker_env_name] = env["CC"]
+
+    # All Python extension modules must be explicitly linked against libpython3.x.so when building for Android.
+    # See: https://peps.python.org/pep-0738/#linkage
+    # For projects using PyO3, this requires setting PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR to the directory containing libpython3.x.so.
+    # See: https://pyo3.rs/v0.27.1/building-and-distribution.html#cross-compiling
+    env["PYO3_CROSS_LIB_DIR"] = str(python_dir / "prefix" / "lib")
+
+    venv_bin = Path(env["VIRTUAL_ENV"]) / "bin"
+    for tool in ["cargo", "rustup"]:
+        shim_path = venv_bin / tool
+        shutil.copy(RESOURCES_ANDROID / "rust_shim.py", shim_path)
+        shim_path.chmod(0o755)
+
+
+def before_build(state: BuildState) -> None:
+    if state.options.before_build:
+        log.step("Running before_build...")
+        shell_prepared(
+            state.options.before_build,
+            build_options=state.options,
+            env=state.build_env,
+        )
+
+
+def build_wheel(state: BuildState) -> Path:
+    log.step("Building wheel...")
+    built_wheel_dir = state.build_path / "built_wheel"
+    match state.options.build_frontend.name:
+        case "build" | "build[uv]":
+            call(
+                "python",
+                "-m",
+                "build",
+                state.options.package_dir,
+                "--wheel",
+                "--no-isolation",
+                "--skip-dependency-check",
+                f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                *get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
+                    state.options.build_frontend,
+                    state.options.build_verbosity,
+                    state.options.config_settings,
+                    py38=False,
+                ),
+                env=state.android_env,
+            )
+        case "uv":
+            uv_path = find_uv()
+            assert uv_path is not None
+            call(
+                uv_path,
+                "build",
+                state.options.package_dir,
+                "--wheel",
+                "--no-build-isolation",
+                f"--out-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                *get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
+                    state.options.build_frontend,
+                    state.options.build_verbosity,
+                    state.options.config_settings,
+                    py38=False,
+                ),
+                env=state.android_env,
+            )
+        case x:
+            msg = f"Invalid build backend {x!r}"
+            raise AssertionError(msg)
+
+    built_wheels = list(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+    if len(built_wheels) != 1:
+        msg = f"{built_wheel_dir} contains {len(built_wheels)} wheels; expected 1"
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+    built_wheel = built_wheels[0]
+
+    if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
+        raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
+    return built_wheel
+
+
+def repair_wheel(state: BuildState, built_wheel: Path) -> Path:
+    log.step("Repairing wheel...")
+    repaired_wheel_dir = state.build_path / "repaired_wheel"
+    repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
+
+    if state.options.repair_command:
+        shell(
+            prepare_command(
+                state.options.repair_command,
+                wheel=built_wheel,
+                dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                package=state.options.package_dir,
+                project=".",
+            ),
+            env=state.build_env,
+        )
+    else:
+        repair_default(state.android_env, built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir)
+
+    repaired_wheels = list(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+    if len(repaired_wheels) == 0:
+        raise errors.RepairStepProducedNoWheelError()
+    if len(repaired_wheels) != 1:
+        msg = f"{repaired_wheel_dir} contains {len(repaired_wheels)} wheels; expected 1"
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+    repaired_wheel = repaired_wheels[0]
+
+    if repaired_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
+        raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
+    return repaired_wheel
+
+
+def repair_default(
+    android_env: dict[str, str], built_wheel: Path, repaired_wheel_dir: Path
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Adds libc++ to the wheel if anything links against it. In the future this should be
+    moved to auditwheel and generalized to support more libraries.
+    """
+    if (match := re.search(r"^(.+?)-", built_wheel.name)) is None:
+        msg = f"Failed to parse wheel filename: {built_wheel.name}"
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+    wheel_name = match[1]
+
+    unpacked_dir = repaired_wheel_dir / "unpacked"
+    unpacked_dir.mkdir()
+    shutil.unpack_archive(built_wheel, unpacked_dir, format="zip")
+
+    # Some build systems are inconsistent about name normalization, so don't assume the
+    # dist-info name is identical to the wheel name.
+    record_paths = list(unpacked_dir.glob("*.dist-info/RECORD"))
+    if len(record_paths) != 1:
+        msg = f"{built_wheel.name} contains {len(record_paths)} dist-info/RECORD files; expected 1"
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+
+    old_soname = "libc++_shared.so"
+    paths_to_patch = []
+    for path, elffile in elf_file_filter(
+        unpacked_dir / filename
+        for filename, *_ in csv.reader(record_paths[0].read_text().splitlines())
+    ):
+        if (dynamic := elffile.get_section_by_name(".dynamic")) and any(  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+            tag.entry.d_tag == "DT_NEEDED" and tag.needed == old_soname
+            for tag in dynamic.iter_tags()
+        ):
+            paths_to_patch.append(path)
+
+    if not paths_to_patch:
+        shutil.copyfile(built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir / built_wheel.name)
+    else:
+        # Android doesn't support DT_RPATH, but supports DT_RUNPATH since API level 24
+        # (https://github.com/aosp-mirror/platform_bionic/blob/master/android-changes-for-ndk-developers.md).
+        if int(sysconfig_print('get_config_vars()["ANDROID_API_LEVEL"]', android_env)) < 24:
+            msg = f"Adding {old_soname} requires ANDROID_API_LEVEL to be at least 24"
+            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+
+        toolchain = Path(android_env["CC"]).parent.parent
+        src_path = toolchain / f"sysroot/usr/lib/{android_env['CIBW_HOST_TRIPLET']}/{old_soname}"
+
+        # Use the same library location as auditwheel would.
+        libs_dir = unpacked_dir / (wheel_name + ".libs")
+        libs_dir.mkdir()
+        new_soname = soname_with_hash(src_path)
+        dst_path = libs_dir / new_soname
+        shutil.copyfile(src_path, dst_path)
+        call(which("patchelf"), "--set-soname", new_soname, dst_path)
+
+        for path in paths_to_patch:
+            call(which("patchelf"), "--replace-needed", old_soname, new_soname, path)
+            call(
+                which("patchelf"),
+                "--set-rpath",
+                f"${{ORIGIN}}/{relpath(libs_dir, path.parent)}",
+                path,
+            )
+        call(which("wheel"), "pack", unpacked_dir, "-d", repaired_wheel_dir)
+
+
+# If cibuildwheel was called without activating its environment, its scripts directory
+# will not be on the PATH.
+def which(cmd: str) -> str:
+    scripts_dir = sysconfig.get_path("scripts")
+    result = shutil.which(cmd, path=scripts_dir + os.pathsep + os.environ["PATH"])
+    if result is None:
+        msg = f"Couldn't find {cmd!r} in {scripts_dir} or on the PATH"
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+    return result
+
+
+def elf_file_filter(paths: Iterable[Path]) -> Iterator[tuple[Path, ELFFile]]:
+    """Filter through an iterator of filenames and load up only ELF files"""
+    for path in paths:
+        if not path.name.endswith(".py"):
+            try:
+                with open(path, "rb") as f:
+                    candidate = ELFFile(f)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+                    yield path, candidate
+            except ELFError:
+                pass  # Not an ELF file
+
+
+def soname_with_hash(src_path: Path) -> str:
+    """Return the same library filename as auditwheel would"""
+    shorthash = hashlib.sha256(src_path.read_bytes()).hexdigest()[:8]
+    src_name = src_path.name
+    base, ext = src_name.split(".", 1)
+    if not base.endswith(f"-{shorthash}"):
+        return f"{base}-{shorthash}.{ext}"
+    else:
+        return src_name
+
+
+def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path, *, build_frontend: str) -> None:
+    test_command = state.options.test_command
+    if not (test_command and state.options.test_selector(state.config.identifier)):
+        return
+
+    log.step("Testing wheel...")
+    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
+    uv_path = find_uv()
+    if use_uv and uv_path is None:
+        msg = "uv not found"
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+    pip = ["pip"] if not use_uv else [str(uv_path), "pip"]
+
+    native_arch = arch_synonym(platform.machine(), platforms.native_platform(), "android")
+    if state.config.arch != native_arch:
+        log.warning(
+            f"Skipping tests for {state.config.arch}, as the build machine only "
+            f"supports {native_arch}"
+        )
+        return
+
+    if state.options.before_test:
+        shell_prepared(
+            state.options.before_test,
+            build_options=state.options,
+            env=state.build_env,
+        )
+
+    platform_args = (
+        ["--python-platform", android_triplet(state.config.identifier)]
+        if use_uv
+        else [
+            "--platform",
+            sysconfig_print("get_platform()", state.android_env).replace("-", "_"),
+        ]
+    )
+
+    # Install the wheel and test-requires.
+    site_packages_dir = state.build_path / "site-packages"
+    site_packages_dir.mkdir()
+    call(
+        *pip,
+        "install",
+        "--only-binary=:all:",
+        *platform_args,
+        "--target",
+        site_packages_dir,
+        f"{wheel}{state.options.test_extras}",
+        *state.options.test_requires,
+        env=state.android_env,
+    )
+
+    # Copy test-sources.
+    cwd_dir = state.build_path / "cwd"
+    cwd_dir.mkdir()
+    if state.options.test_sources:
+        copy_test_sources(state.options.test_sources, Path.cwd(), cwd_dir)
+    else:
+        (cwd_dir / "test_fail.py").write_text(
+            resources.TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE.read_text(),
+        )
+
+    # Android doesn't support placeholders in the test command.
+    if any(("{" + placeholder + "}") in test_command for placeholder in ("project", "package")):
+        msg = (
+            f"Test command {test_command!r} with a "
+            "'{project}' or '{package}' placeholder is not supported on Android, "
+            "because the source directory is not visible on the emulator."
+        )
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+
+    # Parse test-command.
+    test_args = shlex.split(test_command)
+    if test_args[0] in {"python", "python3"} and any(arg in test_args for arg in ("-c", "-m")):
+        # Forward the args to the CPython testbed script. We require '-c' or '-m'
+        # to be in the command, because without those flags, the testbed script
+        # will prepend '-m test', which will run Python's own test suite.
+        del test_args[0]
+    elif test_args[0] == "pytest":
+        # We transform some commands into the `python -m` form, but this is deprecated.
+        msg = (
+            f"Test command {test_command!r} is not supported on Android. "
+            "cibuildwheel will try to execute it as if it started with 'python -m'. "
+            "If this works, all you need to do is add that to your test command."
+        )
+        log.warning(msg)
+        test_args.insert(0, "-m")
+    else:
+        msg = (
+            f"Test command {test_command!r} is not supported on Android. "
+            f"Command must begin with 'python' or 'python3', and contain '-m' or '-c'."
+        )
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+
+    # By default, run on a testbed managed emulator running the newest supported
+    # Android version. However, if the user specifies a --managed or --connected
+    # test execution argument, that argument takes precedence.
+    test_runtime_args = state.options.test_runtime.args
+
+    if any(arg.startswith(("--managed", "--connected")) for arg in test_runtime_args):
+        emulator_args = []
+    else:
+        emulator_args = ["--managed", "maxVersion"]
+
+    # Run the test app.
+    call(
+        state.python_dir / "android.py",
+        "test",
+        "--site-packages",
+        site_packages_dir,
+        "--cwd",
+        cwd_dir,
+        *emulator_args,
+        *(["-v"] if state.options.build_verbosity > 0 else []),
+        *test_runtime_args,
+        "--",
+        *test_args,
+        env=state.build_env,
+    )
+
+
+def sysconfig_print(method_call: str, env: dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    return call(
+        "python",
+        "-c",
+        f'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.{method_call}, end="")',
+        env=env,
+        capture_stdout=True,
+    )

cibuildwheel/platforms/ios.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import dataclasses
 import os
+import platform
 import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
@@ -13,33 +12,20 @@ from typing import assert_never
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import (
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-    BuildFrontendConfig,
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-    BuildFrontendName,
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-    get_build_frontend_extra_flags,
+from cibuildwheel.platforms.macos import install_cpython as install_build_cpython
-)
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell, split_command
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell, split_command
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
-from ..util.file import (
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-    copy_test_sources,
-    download,
-    move_file,
-)
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import (
-    combine_constraints,
-    find_compatible_wheel,
-    get_pip_version,
-)
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
-from .macos import install_cpython as install_build_cpython
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
@@ -283,7 +269,8 @@ def setup_python(
     build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
     xbuild_tools: Sequence[str] | None,
 ) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
-    if build_frontend == "build[uv]":
+    # Not using set because mypy can't narrow it
+    if build_frontend == "build[uv]" or build_frontend == "uv":  # noqa: PLR1714
         msg = "uv doesn't support iOS"
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
@@ -368,7 +355,7 @@ def setup_python(
             "entry or insert python above it."
         )
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
+    call("python", "-V", "-V", env=env)
 
     # Check what pip version we're on
     assert (venv_bin_path / "pip").exists()
@@ -387,20 +374,21 @@ def setup_python(
     env.setdefault("IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "13.0")
 
     log.step("Installing build tools...")
-    if build_frontend == "pip":
+    match build_frontend:
-        # No additional build tools required
+        case "pip":
-        pass
+            # No additional build tools required
-    elif build_frontend == "build":
+            pass
-        call(
+        case "build":
-            "pip",
+            call(
-            "install",
+                "pip",
-            "--upgrade",
+                "install",
-            "build[virtualenv]",
+                "--upgrade",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+                "build[virtualenv]",
-            env=env,
+                *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-        )
+                env=env,
-    else:
+            )
-        assert_never(build_frontend)
+        case _:
+            assert_never(build_frontend)
 
     return target_install_path, env
 
@@ -437,9 +425,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
+            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
             # uv doesn't support iOS
-            if build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
+            # Not using set because mypy can't narrow it
+            if build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" or build_frontend.name == "uv":  # noqa: PLR1714
                 msg = "uv doesn't support iOS"
                 raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
@@ -448,6 +437,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
             identifier_tmp_dir.mkdir()
             built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
+            repaired_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
 
             constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
                 version=config.version, tmp_dir=identifier_tmp_dir
@@ -461,7 +451,6 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 build_frontend=build_frontend.name,
                 xbuild_tools=build_options.xbuild_tools,
             )
-            pip_version = get_pip_version(env)
 
             compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
             if compatible_wheel:
@@ -486,48 +475,72 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
                 extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                    build_frontend,
+                    build_options.build_verbosity,
+                    build_options.config_settings,
+                    py38=False,
                 )
 
-                build_env = env.copy()
+                match build_frontend.name:
-                build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
+                    case "pip":
-                if constraints_path:
+                        # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, None)
+                        # fetch package from pypi.org. See
+                        # https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
+                        call(
+                            "python",
+                            "-m",
+                            "pip",
+                            "wheel",
+                            build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
+                            f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            "--no-deps",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                            env=env,
+                        )
+                    case "build":
+                        call(
+                            "python",
+                            "-m",
+                            "build",
+                            build_options.package_dir,
+                            "--wheel",
+                            f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                            env=env,
+                        )
+                    case _:
+                        assert_never(build_frontend)
 
-                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
+                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
-                    # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to
-                    # fetch package from pypi.org. See
-                    # https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "pip",
-                        "wheel",
-                        build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
-                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        "--no-deps",
-                        *extra_flags,
-                        env=build_env,
-                    )
-                elif build_frontend.name == "build":
-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "build",
-                        build_options.package_dir,
-                        "--wheel",
-                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        *extra_flags,
-                        env=build_env,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    assert_never(build_frontend)
-
-                test_wheel = built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
                 if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                     raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
 
+                repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
+                if build_options.repair_command:
+                    log.step("Repairing wheel...")
+
+                    repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
+                        build_options.repair_command,
+                        wheel=built_wheel,
+                        dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        project=".",
+                    )
+                    shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
+                else:
+                    shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
+
+                try:
+                    repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.RepairStepProducedNoWheelError() from None
+
+                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
+                    raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
+
+                test_wheel = repaired_wheel
+
                 log.step_end()
 
             if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
@@ -536,9 +549,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 elif config.arch != os.uname().machine:
                     log.step("Skipping tests on non-native simulator architecture")
                 else:
-                    test_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(
+                    test_env = build_options.test_environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
-                        prev_environment=build_env
-                    )
 
                     if build_options.before_test:
                         before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -652,11 +663,35 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                                     )
                                     raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
+                            test_runtime_args = build_options.test_runtime.args
+
+                            # 2025-10: The GitHub Actions macos-15 runner has a known issue where
+                            # the default simulator won't start due to a disk performance issue;
+                            # see https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/12777 for details.
+                            # In the meantime, if it looks like we're running on a GitHub Actions
+                            # macos-15 runner, use a simulator that is known to work, unless the
+                            # user explicitly specifies a simulator.
+                            os_version, _, arch = platform.mac_ver()
+                            if (
+                                "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ
+                                and os_version.startswith("15.")
+                                and arch == "arm64"
+                                and not any(
+                                    arg.startswith("--simulator") for arg in test_runtime_args
+                                )
+                            ):
+                                test_runtime_args = [
+                                    "--simulator",
+                                    "iPhone 16e,OS=18.5",
+                                    *test_runtime_args,
+                                ]
+
                             call(
                                 "python",
                                 testbed_path,
                                 "run",
                                 *(["--verbose"] if build_options.build_verbosity > 0 else []),
+                                *test_runtime_args,
                                 "--",
                                 *final_command,
                                 env=test_env,
@@ -671,19 +706,20 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     log.step_end()
 
             # We're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
+            output_wheel: Path | None = None
             if compatible_wheel is None:
-                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(built_wheel.name)
+                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(repaired_wheel.name)
-                moved_wheel = move_file(built_wheel, output_wheel)
+                moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
                 if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
                     log.warning(
-                        f"{built_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
+                        f"{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
                     )
                 built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
 
             # Clean up
             shutil.rmtree(identifier_tmp_dir)
 
-            log.build_end()
+            log.build_end(output_wheel)
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
         msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
         raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error

cibuildwheel/platforms/linux.py

@@ -6,20 +6,22 @@ import textwrap
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
-from typing import assert_never
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, assert_never
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
+from cibuildwheel.oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
-from ..options import BuildOptions, Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import copy_test_sources
-from ..util.file import copy_test_sources
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
 
 ARCHITECTURE_OCI_PLATFORM_MAP = {
     Architecture.x86_64: OCIPlatform.AMD64,
@@ -204,8 +206,8 @@ def build_in_container(
         log.build_start(config.identifier)
         local_identifier_tmp_dir = local_tmp_dir / config.identifier
         build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-        build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
+        build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
-        use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]"
+        use_uv = build_frontend.name in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
         pip = ["uv", "pip"] if use_uv else ["pip"]
 
         log.step("Setting up build environment...")
@@ -235,6 +237,7 @@ def build_in_container(
         if PurePosixPath(which_python) != python_bin / "python":
             msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
             raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+        container.call(["python", "-V", "-V"], env=env)
 
         if use_uv:
             which_uv = container.call(["which", "uv"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
@@ -253,7 +256,7 @@ def build_in_container(
             print(
                 f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
             )
-            repaired_wheels = [compatible_wheel]
+            repaired_wheel = compatible_wheel
         else:
             if build_options.before_build:
                 log.step("Running before_build...")
@@ -272,40 +275,57 @@ def build_in_container(
             container.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
 
             extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                build_frontend,
+                build_options.build_verbosity,
+                build_options.config_settings,
+                py38=config.identifier[1:].startswith("p38"),
             )
 
-            if build_frontend.name == "pip":
+            match build_frontend.name:
-                container.call(
+                case "pip":
-                    [
+                    container.call(
-                        "python",
+                        [
-                        "-m",
+                            "python",
-                        "pip",
+                            "-m",
-                        "wheel",
+                            "pip",
-                        container_package_dir,
+                            "wheel",
-                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            container_package_dir,
-                        "--no-deps",
+                            f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        *extra_flags,
+                            "--no-deps",
-                    ],
+                            *extra_flags,
-                    env=env,
+                        ],
-                )
+                        env=env,
-            elif build_frontend.name == "build" or build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
+                    )
-                if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
+                case "build" | "build[uv]":
-                    extra_flags += ["--installer=uv"]
+                    if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
-                container.call(
+                        extra_flags += ["--installer=uv"]
-                    [
+                    container.call(
-                        "python",
+                        [
-                        "-m",
+                            "python",
-                        "build",
+                            "-m",
-                        container_package_dir,
+                            "build",
-                        "--wheel",
+                            container_package_dir,
-                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            "--wheel",
-                        *extra_flags,
+                            f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                    ],
+                            *extra_flags,
-                    env=env,
+                        ],
-                )
+                        env=env,
-            else:
+                    )
-                assert_never(build_frontend)
+                case "uv":
+                    container.call(
+                        [
+                            "uv",
+                            "build",
+                            f"--python={python_bin / 'python'}",
+                            container_package_dir,
+                            "--wheel",
+                            f"--out-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                        ],
+                        env=env,
+                    )
+                case _:
+                    assert_never(build_frontend)
 
             built_wheel = container.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
 
@@ -319,20 +339,26 @@ def build_in_container(
             if build_options.repair_command:
                 log.step("Repairing wheel...")
                 repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
+                    build_options.repair_command,
+                    wheel=built_wheel,
+                    dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                    package=container_package_dir,
+                    project=container_project_path,
                 )
                 container.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
             else:
                 container.call(["mv", built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir])
 
-            repaired_wheels = container.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl")
+            match container.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl"):
+                case []:
+                    raise errors.RepairStepProducedNoWheelError()
+                case [repaired_wheel]:
+                    pass
+                case too_many:
+                    raise errors.RepairStepProducedMultipleWheelsError([p.name for p in too_many])
 
-            if not repaired_wheels:
+            if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
-                raise errors.RepairStepProducedNoWheelError()
+                raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
-
-            for repaired_wheel in repaired_wheels:
-                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
-                    raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
 
         if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
             log.step("Testing wheel...")
@@ -374,14 +400,8 @@ def build_in_container(
                 container.call(["sh", "-c", before_test_prepared], env=virtualenv_env)
 
             # Install the wheel we just built
-            # Note: If auditwheel produced two wheels, it's because the earlier produced wheel
-            # conforms to multiple manylinux standards. These multiple versions of the wheel are
-            # functionally the same, differing only in name, wheel metadata, and possibly include
-            # different external shared libraries. so it doesn't matter which one we run the tests on.
-            # Let's just pick the first one.
-            wheel_to_test = repaired_wheels[0]
             container.call(
-                [*pip, "install", str(wheel_to_test) + build_options.test_extras],
+                [*pip, "install", str(repaired_wheel) + build_options.test_extras],
                 env=virtualenv_env,
             )
 
@@ -394,7 +414,7 @@ def build_in_container(
                 build_options.test_command,
                 project=container_project_path,
                 package=container_package_dir,
-                wheel=wheel_to_test,
+                wheel=repaired_wheel,
             )
 
             test_cwd = testing_temp_dir / "test_cwd"
@@ -417,15 +437,15 @@ def build_in_container(
             # clean up test environment
             container.call(["rm", "-rf", testing_temp_dir])
 
-        # move repaired wheels to output
+        # move repaired wheel to output
+        output_wheel: Path | None = None
         if compatible_wheel is None:
             container.call(["mkdir", "-p", container_output_dir])
-            container.call(["mv", *repaired_wheels, container_output_dir])
+            container.call(["mv", repaired_wheel, container_output_dir])
-            built_wheels.extend(
+            built_wheels.append(container_output_dir / repaired_wheel.name)
-                container_output_dir / repaired_wheel.name for repaired_wheel in repaired_wheels
+            output_wheel = options.globals.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name
-            )
 
-        log.build_end()
+        log.build_end(output_wheel)
 
     log.step("Copying wheels back to host...")
     # copy the output back into the host
@@ -462,8 +482,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 Docker or Podman is required to run Linux builds. If you're
                 building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to your
                 .travis.yml. If you're building on Circle CI in Linux, add a
-                `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml. If
+                `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml.
-                you're building on Cirrus CI, use `docker_builder` task.
                 """
             )
             raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from error
@@ -506,6 +525,7 @@ def _matches_prepared_command(error_cmd: Sequence[str], command_template: str) -
 def troubleshoot(options: Options, error: Exception) -> None:
     if isinstance(error, subprocess.CalledProcessError) and (
         error.cmd[0:4] == ["python", "-m", "pip", "wheel"]
+        or error.cmd[0:2] == ["uv", "build"]
         or error.cmd[0:3] == ["python", "-m", "build"]
         or _matches_prepared_command(
             error.cmd, options.build_options(None).repair_command

cibuildwheel/platforms/macos.py

@@ -15,25 +15,20 @@ from typing import Literal, assert_never
 from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.version import Version
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..ci import detect_ci_provider
+from cibuildwheel.ci import detect_ci_provider
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-    copy_test_sources,
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-    download,
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
-    move_file,
-)
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
 
 @functools.cache
@@ -60,7 +55,7 @@ def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
             capture_stdout=True,
         )
         version = tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2]))
-    return typing.cast(tuple[int, int], version)
+    return typing.cast("tuple[int, int]", version)
 
 
 @functools.cache
@@ -141,7 +136,8 @@ def install_cpython(_tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool) ->
                 # let the user know & provide a link to the installer
                 msg = inspect.cleandoc(
                     f"""
-                        Error: CPython {version} is not installed.
+                        Framework CPython {version} not detected as installed in:
+                            {installation_path}
                         cibuildwheel will not perform system-wide installs when running outside of CI.
                         To build locally, install CPython {version} on this machine, or, disable this
                         version of Python using CIBW_SKIP=cp{version.replace(".", "")}-macosx_*
@@ -150,7 +146,7 @@ def install_cpython(_tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool) ->
                     """
                 )
                 raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-            python_filename = url.split("/")[-1]
+            python_filename = url.rsplit("/", maxsplit=1)[-1]
             pkg_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "cpython-installer" / python_filename
             if not pkg_path.exists():
                 download(url, pkg_path)
@@ -217,7 +213,7 @@ def setup_python(
     build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
 ) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
     uv_path = find_uv()
-    use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]"
+    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
 
     tmp.mkdir()
     implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
@@ -257,6 +253,10 @@ def setup_python(
     # https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/620
     # Also see https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/9516
     env.pop("__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__", None)
+    # uv uses this over the current environment's python, so remove it to avoid confusion
+    env.pop("PYTHON_VERSION", None)
+    env.pop("PYTHON_ARCH", None)
+    env.pop("UV_PYTHON", None)
 
     # we version pip ourselves, so we don't care about pip version checking
     env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ def setup_python(
     if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
         msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
+    call("python", "-V", "-V", env=env)
 
     # check what pip version we're on
     if not use_uv:
@@ -289,8 +289,11 @@ def setup_python(
     # For arm64, the minimal deployment target is 11.0.
     # On x86_64 (or universal2), use 10.9 as a default.
     # CPython 3.12.6+ needs 10.13.
+    # CPython 3.14.0 needs 10.15.
     if config_is_arm64:
         default_target = "11.0"
+    elif Version(python_configuration.version) >= Version("3.14"):
+        default_target = "10.15"
     elif Version(python_configuration.version) >= Version("3.12"):
         default_target = "10.13"
     elif python_configuration.identifier.startswith("pp") and Version(
@@ -345,39 +348,55 @@ def setup_python(
             env.setdefault("SDKROOT", arm64_compatible_sdks[0])
 
     log.step("Installing build tools...")
-    if build_frontend == "pip":
+    match build_frontend:
-        call(
+        case "pip":
-            "pip",
+            call(
-            "install",
+                "pip",
-            "--upgrade",
+                "install",
-            "delocate",
+                "--upgrade",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+                "delocate",
-            env=env,
+                *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-        )
+                env=env,
-    elif build_frontend == "build":
+            )
-        call(
+        case "build":
-            "pip",
+            call(
-            "install",
+                "pip",
-            "--upgrade",
+                "install",
-            "delocate",
+                "--upgrade",
-            "build[virtualenv]",
+                "delocate",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+                "build[virtualenv]",
-            env=env,
+                *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-        )
+                env=env,
-    elif build_frontend == "build[uv]":
+            )
-        assert uv_path is not None
+        case "build[uv]":
-        call(
+            assert uv_path is not None
-            uv_path,
+            call(
-            "pip",
+                uv_path,
-            "install",
+                "pip",
-            "--upgrade",
+                "install",
-            "delocate",
+                "--python",
-            "build[virtualenv, uv]",
+                which_python,
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+                "--upgrade",
-            env=env,
+                "delocate",
-        )
+                "build[virtualenv, uv]",
-    else:
+                *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-        assert_never(build_frontend)
+                env=env,
+            )
+        case "uv":
+            assert uv_path is not None
+            call(
+                uv_path,
+                "pip",
+                "install",
+                "--python",
+                which_python,
+                "--upgrade",
+                "delocate",
+                *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+                env=env,
+            )
+        case _:
+            assert_never(build_frontend)
 
     return base_python, env
 
@@ -407,8 +426,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
+            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
-            use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]"
+            use_uv = build_frontend.name in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
             uv_path = find_uv()
             if use_uv and uv_path is None:
                 msg = "uv not found"
@@ -456,46 +475,60 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
                 extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                    build_frontend,
+                    build_options.build_verbosity,
+                    build_options.config_settings,
+                    py38=config.identifier[1:].startswith("p38"),
                 )
 
                 build_env = env.copy()
-                if pip_version is not None:
-                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(
-                        build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir if use_uv else None
-                    )
 
-                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
+                match build_frontend.name:
-                    # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
+                    case "pip":
-                    # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
+                        # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
-                    call(
+                        # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
-                        "python",
+                        call(
-                        "-m",
+                            "python",
-                        "pip",
+                            "-m",
-                        "wheel",
+                            "pip",
-                        build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
+                            "wheel",
-                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
-                        "--no-deps",
+                            f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        *extra_flags,
+                            "--no-deps",
-                        env=build_env,
+                            *extra_flags,
-                    )
+                            env=build_env,
-                elif build_frontend.name == "build" or build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
+                        )
-                    if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
+                    case "build" | "build[uv]":
-                        extra_flags.append("--installer=uv")
+                        if (
-                    call(
+                            use_uv
-                        "python",
+                            and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags
-                        "-m",
+                            and "-n" not in extra_flags
-                        "build",
+                        ):
-                        build_options.package_dir,
+                            extra_flags.append("--installer=uv")
-                        "--wheel",
+                        call(
-                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            "python",
-                        *extra_flags,
+                            "-m",
-                        env=build_env,
+                            "build",
-                    )
+                            build_options.package_dir,
-                else:
+                            "--wheel",
-                    assert_never(build_frontend)
+                            f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                            env=build_env,
+                        )
+                    case "uv":
+                        assert uv_path is not None
+                        call(
+                            uv_path,
+                            "build",
+                            f"--python={base_python}",
+                            build_options.package_dir,
+                            "--wheel",
+                            f"--out-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                            env=build_env,
+                        )
+                    case _:
+                        assert_never(build_frontend)
 
                 built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
@@ -519,6 +552,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         wheel=built_wheel,
                         dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
                         delocate_archs=delocate_archs,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        project=".",
                     )
                     shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
                 else:
@@ -726,6 +761,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     shell_with_arch(test_command_prepared, cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)
 
             # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
+            output_wheel = None
             if compatible_wheel is None:
                 output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(repaired_wheel.name)
                 moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
@@ -738,7 +774,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             # clean up
             shutil.rmtree(identifier_tmp_dir)
 
-            log.build_end()
+            log.build_end(output_wheel)
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
         msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
         raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error

cibuildwheel/platforms/pyodide.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import functools
 import json
 import os
 import shutil
+import subprocess
 import sys
 import tomllib
 import typing
@@ -13,16 +14,16 @@ from typing import Final, TypedDict
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
     copy_test_sources,
     download,
@@ -30,13 +31,13 @@ from ..util.file import (
     extract_zip,
     move_file,
 )
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..util.python_build_standalone import (
+from cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone import (
     PythonBuildStandaloneError,
     create_python_build_standalone_environment,
 )
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
 
 IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
 
@@ -93,21 +94,28 @@ def ensure_node(major_version: str) -> Path:
     return path
 
 
-def install_emscripten(tmp: Path, version: str) -> Path:
+def install_emscripten(
-    url = f"https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk/archive/refs/tags/{version}.zip"
+    env: dict[str, str], version: str, xbuildenv_cache_path: Path, pyodide_version: str
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"emsdk-{version}"
+) -> Path:
-    emsdk_path = installation_path / f"emsdk-{version}/emsdk"
+    """Install Emscripten via pyodide-build, which also applies Pyodide-specific patches."""
-    emcc_path = installation_path / f"emsdk-{version}/upstream/emscripten/emcc"
+    emcc_path = (
-    with FileLock(f"{installation_path}.lock"):
+        xbuildenv_cache_path / pyodide_version / "emsdk" / "upstream" / "emscripten" / "emcc"
-        if installation_path.exists():
+    )
+    with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "emscripten.lock"):
+        if emcc_path.exists():
             return emcc_path
-        emsdk_zip = tmp / "emsdk.zip"
+        call(
-        download(url, emsdk_zip)
+            "pyodide",
-        installation_path.mkdir()
+            "xbuildenv",
-        extract_zip(emsdk_zip, installation_path)
+            "install-emscripten",
-        call(emsdk_path, "install", version)
+            "--version",
-        call(emsdk_path, "activate", version)
+            version,
-
+            "--path",
+            str(xbuildenv_cache_path),
+            env=env,
+            cwd=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+        )
+    assert emcc_path.exists()
     return emcc_path
 
 
@@ -129,7 +137,7 @@ def get_all_xbuildenv_version_info(env: dict[str, str]) -> list[PyodideXBuildEnv
         msg = f"Invalid xbuildenvs info, got {xbuildenvs_info}"
         raise ValueError(msg)
 
-    return typing.cast(list[PyodideXBuildEnvInfo], xbuildenvs_info["environments"])
+    return typing.cast("list[PyodideXBuildEnvInfo]", xbuildenvs_info["environments"])
 
 
 def get_xbuildenv_version_info(
@@ -179,12 +187,8 @@ def validate_pyodide_build_version(
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
 
-def install_xbuildenv(env: dict[str, str], pyodide_build_version: str, pyodide_version: str) -> str:
+def install_xbuildenv(env: dict[str, str], xbuildenv_cache_path: Path, pyodide_version: str) -> str:
     """Install a particular Pyodide xbuildenv version and set a path to the Pyodide root."""
-    # Since pyodide-build was unvendored from Pyodide v0.27.0, the versions of
-    # pyodide-build are uncoupled from the versions of Pyodide. So, we specify
-    # both the pyodide-build version and the Pyodide version in the temp path.
-    xbuildenv_cache_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"pyodide-build-{pyodide_build_version}"
     pyodide_root = xbuildenv_cache_path / pyodide_version / "xbuildenv" / "pyodide-root"
 
     with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "xbuildenv.lock"):
@@ -267,7 +271,7 @@ def setup_python(
     if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
         msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our venv instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
+    call("python", "-V", "-V", env=env)
 
     # check what pip version we're on
     assert (venv_bin_path / "pip").exists()
@@ -283,8 +287,6 @@ def setup_python(
         "pip",
         "install",
         "--upgrade",
-        "auditwheel-emscripten",
-        "build[virtualenv]",
         "pyodide-build",
         *constraint_flags(constraints_path),
         env=env,
@@ -304,14 +306,18 @@ def setup_python(
         pyodide_build_version=pyodide_build_version,
     )
 
-    emscripten_version = xbuildenv_info["emscripten"]
+    xbuildenv_cache_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"pyodide-build-{pyodide_build_version}"
-    log.step(f"Installing Emscripten version: {emscripten_version} ...")
-    emcc_path = install_emscripten(tmp, emscripten_version)
-
-    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([str(emcc_path.parent), env["PATH"]])
 
     log.step(f"Installing Pyodide xbuildenv version: {pyodide_version} ...")
-    env["PYODIDE_ROOT"] = install_xbuildenv(env, pyodide_build_version, pyodide_version)
+    env["PYODIDE_ROOT"] = install_xbuildenv(env, xbuildenv_cache_path, pyodide_version)
+
+    emscripten_version = xbuildenv_info["emscripten"]
+    log.step(
+        f"Installing Emscripten {emscripten_version} and applying Pyodide-specific patches ..."
+    )
+    emcc_path = install_emscripten(env, emscripten_version, xbuildenv_cache_path, pyodide_version)
+
+    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([str(emcc_path.parent), env["PATH"]])
 
     return env
 
@@ -352,7 +358,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
+            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
 
             if build_frontend.name == "pip":
                 msg = "The pyodide platform doesn't support pip frontend"
@@ -416,20 +422,19 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 log.step("Building wheel...")
 
                 extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                    build_frontend,
+                    build_options.build_verbosity,
+                    build_options.config_settings,
+                    py38=False,
                 )
 
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if constraints_path:
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir)
-                build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
                 call(
                     "pyodide",
                     "build",
                     build_options.package_dir,
                     f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
                     *extra_flags,
-                    env=build_env,
+                    env=env,
                 )
                 built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
@@ -443,8 +448,11 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         build_options.repair_command,
                         wheel=built_wheel,
                         dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        project=".",
                     )
                     shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
+                    log.step_end()
                 else:
                     shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
 
@@ -538,6 +546,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 shell(test_command_prepared, cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)
 
             # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
+            output_wheel: Path | None = None
             if compatible_wheel is None:
                 output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(repaired_wheel.name)
                 moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
@@ -546,6 +555,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         f"{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
                     )
                 built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
+            log.build_end(output_wheel)
 
-    finally:
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
-        pass
+        msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error

cibuildwheel/platforms/windows.py

@@ -5,26 +5,32 @@ import platform as platform_module
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Set
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Sequence, Set
 from functools import cache
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import assert_never
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, extract_zip, move_file
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-from ..util.packaging import combine_constraints, find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+    copy_test_sources,
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
+    download,
+    extract_zip,
+    move_file,
+)
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
 
 def get_nuget_args(
@@ -54,10 +60,17 @@ def get_nuget_args(
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
-    arch: str
     identifier: str
     url: str | None = None
 
+    @property
+    def arch(self) -> str:
+        return {
+            "win32": "32",
+            "win_amd64": "64",
+            "win_arm64": "ARM64",
+        }[self.identifier.split("-")[-1]]
+
 
 def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
     config_dicts = resources.read_python_configs("windows")
@@ -264,7 +277,7 @@ def setup_python(
     if build_frontend == "build[uv]" and not can_use_uv(python_configuration):
         build_frontend = "build"
 
-    use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]"
+    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
     uv_path = find_uv()
 
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
@@ -280,7 +293,9 @@ def setup_python(
     # set up environment variables for run_with_env
     env["PYTHON_VERSION"] = python_configuration.version
     env["PYTHON_ARCH"] = python_configuration.arch
-    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
+    env.pop("UV_PYTHON", None)
+    if not use_uv:
+        env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
 
     # update env with results from CIBW_ENVIRONMENT
     env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
@@ -291,7 +306,7 @@ def setup_python(
     if where_python != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "python.exe"):
         msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
+    call("python", "-V", "-V", env=env)
     call("python", "-c", "\"import struct; print(struct.calcsize('P') * 8)\"", env=env)
 
     # check what pip version we're on
@@ -305,37 +320,40 @@ def setup_python(
         call("pip", "--version", env=env)
 
     log.step("Installing build tools...")
-    if build_frontend == "build":
+    match build_frontend:
-        call(
+        case "build":
-            "pip",
+            call(
-            "install",
+                "pip",
-            "--upgrade",
+                "install",
-            "build[virtualenv]",
+                "--upgrade",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+                "build[virtualenv]",
-            env=env,
+                *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
-        )
+                env=env,
-    elif build_frontend == "build[uv]":
+            )
-        assert uv_path is not None
+        case "build[uv]":
-        call(
+            assert uv_path is not None
-            uv_path,
+            call(
-            "pip",
+                uv_path,
-            "install",
+                "pip",
-            "--upgrade",
+                "install",
-            "build[virtualenv]",
+                "--python",
-            *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+                where_python,
-            env=env,
+                "--upgrade",
-        )
+                "build[virtualenv]",
+                *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
+                env=env,
+            )
 
     if python_libs_base:
         # Set up the environment for various backends to enable cross-compilation
         setup_setuptools_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
         setup_rust_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
 
-    if implementation_id.startswith("gp"):
+    if implementation_id.startswith("gp311"):
-        # GraalPy fails to discover compilers, setup the relevant environment
+        # GraalPy 24 fails to discover compilers, setup the relevant environment
         # variables. Adapted from
         # https://github.com/microsoft/vswhere/wiki/Start-Developer-Command-Prompt
-        # Remove when https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/492 is fixed.
+        # Remove when GraalPy 24.x is dropped.
         vcpath = call(
             Path(os.environ["PROGRAMFILES(X86)"])
             / "Microsoft Visual Studio"
@@ -378,6 +396,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     if not python_configurations:
         return
 
+    uv_path = find_uv()
+
     try:
         before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
         before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
@@ -394,9 +414,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
+            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
-
+            use_uv = build_frontend.name in {"build[uv]", "uv"} and can_use_uv(config)
-            use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" and can_use_uv(config)
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
             identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
@@ -441,62 +460,75 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
                 extra_flags = get_build_frontend_extra_flags(
-                    build_frontend, build_options.build_verbosity, build_options.config_settings
+                    build_frontend,
+                    build_options.build_verbosity,
+                    build_options.config_settings,
+                    py38=config.identifier[1:].startswith("p38"),
                 )
 
                 if (
-                    config.identifier.startswith("gp")
+                    config.identifier.startswith("gp311")
                     and build_frontend.name == "build"
                     and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags
                     and "-n" not in extra_flags
                 ):
-                    # GraalPy fails to discover its standard library when a venv is created
+                    # GraalPy 24 fails to discover its standard library when a venv is created
                     # from a virtualenv seeded executable. See
                     # https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/491 and remove this once
-                    # fixed upstream.
+                    # GraalPy 24 is dropped.
                     log.notice(
                         "Disabling build isolation to workaround GraalPy bug. If the build fails, consider using pip or build[uv] as build frontend."
                     )
                     shell("graalpy -m pip install setuptools wheel", env=env)
                     extra_flags = [*extra_flags, "-n"]
 
-                build_env = env.copy()
+                match build_frontend.name:
-                if pip_version is not None:
+                    case "pip":
-                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
+                        # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
+                        # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
+                        call(
+                            "python",
+                            "-m",
+                            "pip",
+                            "wheel",
+                            options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
+                            f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            "--no-deps",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                            env=env,
+                        )
+                    case "build" | "build[uv]":
+                        if (
+                            use_uv
+                            and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags
+                            and "-n" not in extra_flags
+                        ):
+                            extra_flags.append("--installer=uv")
 
-                if constraints_path:
+                        call(
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir)
+                            "python",
-
+                            "-m",
-                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
+                            "build",
-                    # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
+                            build_options.package_dir,
-                    # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
+                            "--wheel",
-                    call(
+                            f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        "python",
+                            *extra_flags,
-                        "-m",
+                            env=env,
-                        "pip",
+                        )
-                        "wheel",
+                    case "uv":
-                        options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
+                        assert uv_path is not None
-                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                        call(
-                        "--no-deps",
+                            uv_path,
-                        *extra_flags,
+                            "build",
-                        env=build_env,
+                            f"--python={base_python}",
-                    )
+                            build_options.package_dir,
-                elif build_frontend.name == "build" or build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
+                            "--wheel",
-                    if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
+                            f"--out-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        extra_flags.append("--installer=uv")
+                            *extra_flags,
-
+                            env=env,
-                    call(
+                        )
-                        "python",
+                    case _:
-                        "-m",
+                        assert_never(build_frontend)
-                        "build",
-                        build_options.package_dir,
-                        "--wheel",
-                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        *extra_flags,
-                        env=build_env,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    assert_never(build_frontend)
 
                 built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
@@ -512,6 +544,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         build_options.repair_command,
                         wheel=built_wheel,
                         dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        project=".",
                     )
                     shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
                 else:
@@ -567,7 +601,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     )
                     shell(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)
 
-                pip = ["uv", "pip"] if use_uv else ["pip"]
+                pip: Sequence[Path | str]
+                if use_uv:
+                    assert uv_path is not None
+                    pip = [uv_path, "pip"]
+                else:
+                    pip = ["pip"]
 
                 # install the wheel
                 call(
@@ -607,6 +646,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 shell(test_command_prepared, cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)
 
             # we're all done here; move it to output (remove if already exists)
+            output_wheel = None
             if compatible_wheel is None:
                 output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(repaired_wheel.name)
                 moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
@@ -621,7 +661,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             # don't want to abort a build because of that)
             shutil.rmtree(identifier_tmp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
 
-            log.build_end()
+            log.build_end(output_wheel)
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
         msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
         raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error

cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py

@@ -14,32 +14,16 @@ def get_parent(node: ast.AST | None, depth: int = 1) -> ast.AST | None:
 
 
 def is_main(parent: ast.AST | None) -> bool:
-    if parent is None:
+    match parent:
-        return False
+        case ast.If(test=ast.Compare(left=left, ops=[ast.Eq()], comparators=[comp])):
-
+            values = {left, comp}
-    # This would be much nicer with 3.10's pattern matching!
+            mains = {x for x in values if isinstance(x, ast.Constant) and x.value == "__main__"}
-    if not isinstance(parent, ast.If):
+            if len(mains) != 1:
-        return False
+                return False
-    if not isinstance(parent.test, ast.Compare):
+            consts = {x for x in values if isinstance(x, ast.Name) and x.id == "__name__"}
-        return False
+            return len(consts) == 1
-
+        case _:
-    try:
+            return False
-        (op,) = parent.test.ops
-        (comp,) = parent.test.comparators
-    except ValueError:
-        return False
-
-    if not isinstance(op, ast.Eq):
-        return False
-
-    values = {comp, parent.test.left}
-
-    mains = {x for x in values if isinstance(x, ast.Constant) and x.value == "__main__"}
-    if len(mains) != 1:
-        return False
-    consts = {x for x in values if isinstance(x, ast.Name) and x.id == "__name__"}
-
-    return len(consts) == 1
 
 
 class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
@@ -65,12 +49,10 @@ class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
             parent is not None and get_parent(parent) is None and is_main(get_parent(node, 3))
         )
 
-        if (
+        match node:
-            node.arg == "python_requires"
+            case ast.keyword(arg="python_requires", value=ast.Constant(value=str() as version)):
-            and isinstance(node.value, ast.Constant)
+                if unnested or name_main_unnested:
-            and (unnested or name_main_unnested)
+                    self.requires_python = version
-        ):
-            self.requires_python = node.value.value
 
 
 def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> str | None:

cibuildwheel/resources/android/_cross_venv.pth

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import _cross_venv; _cross_venv.initialize()

cibuildwheel/resources/android/_cross_venv.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# This module is copied into the site-packages directory of an Android build environment, and
+# activated via a .pth file when we want the environment to simulate Android.
+
+import os
+import platform
+import re
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+
+def initialize() -> None:
+    if not (host_triplet := os.environ.get("CIBW_HOST_TRIPLET")):
+        return
+
+    # os ######################################################################
+    def cross_os_uname() -> os.uname_result:
+        return os.uname_result(
+            (
+                "Linux",
+                "localhost",
+                # The Linux kernel version and release are unlikely to be significant, but return
+                # realistic values anyway (from an API level 24 emulator).
+                "3.18.91+",
+                "#1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Jan 9 20:35:43 UTC 2018",
+                host_triplet.split("-")[0],
+            )
+        )
+
+    os.name = "posix"
+    os.uname = cross_os_uname
+
+    # platform ################################################################
+    #
+    # We can't determine the user-visible Android version number from the API level, so return a
+    # string which will work fine for display, but will fail to parse as a version number.
+    def cross_android_ver(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> platform.AndroidVer:
+        return platform.AndroidVer(
+            release=f"API level {cross_getandroidapilevel()}",
+            api_level=cross_getandroidapilevel(),
+            manufacturer="Google",
+            model="sdk_gphone64",
+            device="emu64",
+            is_emulator=True,
+        )
+
+    # platform.uname, platform.system etc. are all implemented in terms of platform.android_ver.
+    platform.android_ver = cross_android_ver
+
+    # sys #####################################################################
+    def cross_getandroidapilevel() -> int:
+        api_level = sysconfig.get_config_var("ANDROID_API_LEVEL")
+        assert isinstance(api_level, int)
+        return api_level
+
+    # Some packages may recognize sys.cross_compiling from the crossenv tool.
+    sys.cross_compiling = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    sys.getandroidapilevel = cross_getandroidapilevel  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    sys.implementation._multiarch = host_triplet  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    sys.platform = "android"
+
+    # Determine the abiflags from the sysconfigdata filename.
+    sysconfigdata_path = next(Path(__file__).parent.glob("_sysconfigdata_*.py"))
+    abiflags_match = re.match(r"_sysconfigdata_(.*?)_", sysconfigdata_path.name)
+    assert abiflags_match is not None
+    sys.abiflags = abiflags_match[1]
+
+    # sysconfig ###############################################################
+    #
+    # Load the sysconfigdata file, generating its name from sys.abiflags,
+    # sys.platform, and sys.implementation._multiarch.
+    sysconfig._init_config_vars()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    # We don't change the actual sys.base_prefix and base_exec_prefix, because that
+    # could have unpredictable effects. Instead, we change the sysconfig variables
+    # used by sysconfig.get_paths().
+    vars = sysconfig.get_config_vars()
+    try:
+        host_prefix = vars["host_prefix"]  # This variable was added in Python 3.14.
+    except KeyError:
+        host_prefix = vars["exec_prefix"]
+    vars["installed_base"] = vars["installed_platbase"] = host_prefix
+
+    # sysconfig.get_platform, which determines the wheel tag, is implemented in terms of
+    # sys.platform, sysconfig.get_config_var("ANDROID_API_LEVEL") (see localized_vars in
+    # android.py), and os.uname.

cibuildwheel/resources/android/android.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+--- a/android.py
++++ b/android.py
+@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ def main():
+     context = parse_args()
+ 
+     # Set the CROSS_BUILD_DIR if an argument was provided
+-    if context.cross_build_dir:
++    if getattr(context, "cross_build_dir", None):
+         global CROSS_BUILD_DIR
+         CROSS_BUILD_DIR = context.cross_build_dir.resolve()
+ 

cibuildwheel/resources/android/rust_shim.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    # CIBW_HOST_TRIPLET is set in the android_env to the Android target triplet.
+    target = os.environ.get("CIBW_HOST_TRIPLET")
+
+    cmd_name = Path(sys.argv[0]).name
+
+    # Find the real command in PATH, excluding the current script's directory
+    path_env = os.environ.get("PATH", "")
+    script_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+
+    paths = path_env.split(os.pathsep)
+    # Filter out the script directory to avoid recursion
+    filtered_paths = [p for p in paths if Path(p).resolve() != script_dir]
+    filtered_path_env = os.pathsep.join(filtered_paths)
+
+    real_cmd = shutil.which(cmd_name, path=filtered_path_env)
+
+    if not real_cmd:
+        sys.stderr.write(f"cibuildwheel: Error: Could not find system {cmd_name}\n")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # If we have a target (i.e. we are in the android_env), try to install it.
+    if target:
+        # Check if rustup is available to install the target
+        rustup_path = shutil.which("rustup", path=filtered_path_env)
+
+        if rustup_path:
+            try:
+                # We call rustup to ensure the target is installed.
+                subprocess.run(
+                    [rustup_path, "target", "add", target],
+                    check=True,
+                    stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                    stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                    text=True,
+                )
+            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    f"cibuildwheel: Error: Failed to install Rust target {target}: {e.stderr}\n"
+                )
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Execute the real command
+    os.execv(real_cmd, [real_cmd, *sys.argv[1:]])
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp314-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314" },
   { identifier = "cp314t-musllinux_armv7l", version = "3.14", path_str = "/opt/python/cp314-cp314t" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_ricv64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
   { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_riscv64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
@@ -159,74 +161,88 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.4/python-3.13.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.4/python-3.13.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.4/python-3.13.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.4/python-3.13.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.4/python-3.13.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.4/python-3.13.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.0/python-3.14.0b2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.19-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.21-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.21-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.1/graalpy-24.2.1-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.1/graalpy-24.2.1-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.1/graalpy-25.0.1-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.2/graalpy-25.0.2-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
 ]
 
 [windows]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp38-win32", version = "3.8.10", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp38-win32", version = "3.8.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8.10", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.13", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.13", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.11", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.11" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.11" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.9", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.9" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.9", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.9" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.10", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.10", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.4", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.4", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.4", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_amd64", version = "3.13.4", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win_amd64", version = "3.13.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.0-b2", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.4" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.0-b2", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.4" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.0-b2", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.4" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.0-b2", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.4" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.9", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.9" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.10", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.4", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.4", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.0-b2", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.4" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.0-b2", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.4" },
-  { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.21-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-win_amd64", version = "3.11", arch = "64", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.1/graalpy-24.2.1-windows-amd64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "gp311_242-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-windows-amd64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-win_amd64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.2/graalpy-25.0.2-windows-amd64.zip" },
 ]
 
 [pyodide]
 python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.12", default_pyodide_version = "0.27.7", node_version = "v22" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.13", default_pyodide_version = "0.28.0a3", node_version = "v22" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.13", default_pyodide_version = "0.29.3", node_version = "v22" },
+]
+
+[android]
+python_configurations = [
+  { identifier = "cp313-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-android_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-android_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.4/python-3.14.4-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz" },
 ]
 
 [ios]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b9/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b9/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b9/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz" },
 ]

cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
     },
     "enable": {
       "enum": [
-        "cpython-experimental-riscv64",
         "cpython-freethreading",
         "cpython-prerelease",
         "graalpy",
@@ -108,13 +107,14 @@
     },
     "build-frontend": {
       "default": "default",
-      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"pip\" (default for now), \"build\", or \"build[uv]\"",
+      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"build\" (default), \"build[uv]\", \"uv\", or \"pip\"",
       "oneOf": [
         {
           "enum": [
             "pip",
             "build",
             "build[uv]",
+            "uv",
             "default"
           ]
         },
@@ -130,6 +130,10 @@
           "type": "string",
           "pattern": "^build\\[uv\\]; ?args:"
         },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^uv; ?args:"
+        },
         {
           "type": "object",
           "additionalProperties": false,
@@ -141,7 +145,8 @@
               "enum": [
                 "pip",
                 "build",
-                "build[uv]"
+                "build[uv]",
+                "uv"
               ]
             },
             "args": {
@@ -569,6 +574,39 @@
       ],
       "title": "CIBW_TEST_ENVIRONMENT"
     },
+    "test-runtime": {
+      "description": "Additional configuration for the test runner",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^$"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "args:"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": [
+            "args"
+          ],
+          "properties": {
+            "args": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME"
+    },
     "overrides": {
       "type": "array",
       "description": "An overrides array",
@@ -638,6 +676,9 @@
               },
               "test-environment": {
                 "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
+              },
+              "test-runtime": {
+                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
               }
             }
           },
@@ -748,6 +789,9 @@
           },
           "test-environment": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+          },
+          "test-runtime": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
           }
         }
       }
@@ -876,6 +920,9 @@
         },
         "test-environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -936,6 +983,9 @@
         },
         "test-environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -1009,6 +1059,9 @@
         },
         "test-environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -1069,6 +1122,72 @@
         },
         "test-environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "android": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "archs": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/archs"
+        },
+        "before-all": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
+        },
+        "before-build": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
+        },
+        "before-test": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
+        },
+        "build-frontend": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
+        },
+        "build-verbosity": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
+        },
+        "config-settings": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
+        },
+        "dependency-versions": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/dependency-versions"
+        },
+        "environment": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
+        },
+        "xbuild-tools": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
+        },
+        "pyodide-version": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
+        },
+        "repair-wheel-command": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
+        },
+        "test-command": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
+        },
+        "test-extras": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
+        },
+        "test-sources": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-sources"
+        },
+        "test-groups": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-groups"
+        },
+        "test-requires": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
+        },
+        "test-environment": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
         }
       }
     },
@@ -1129,6 +1248,9 @@
         },
         "test-environment": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-environment"
+        },
+        "test-runtime": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-runtime"
         }
       }
     }

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide312.txt

@@ -2,116 +2,90 @@
 #    nox -s update_constraints
 annotated-types==0.7.0
     # via pydantic
-anyio==4.9.0
+auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.3
-    # via httpx
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.1.0
     # via pyodide-build
 build==1.2.2.post1
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2025.4.26
+certifi==2026.2.25
-    # via
+    # via requests
-    #   httpcore
+charset-normalizer==3.4.6
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.2
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-    #   typer
+    #   pyodide-build
-distlib==0.3.9
+    #   pyodide-cli
+distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
-h11==0.16.0
-    # via httpcore
-httpcore==1.0.9
-    # via httpx
-httpx==0.28.1
-    # via unearth
-idna==3.10
     # via
-    #   anyio
+    #   python-discovery
-    #   httpx
+    #   virtualenv
-    #   requests
+idna==3.11
-leb128==1.0.8
+    # via requests
+leb128==1.0.9
     # via auditwheel-emscripten
-markdown-it-py==3.0.0
+markdown-it-py==4.0.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
-    #   unearth
+    #   wheel
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.9.4
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
+    #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.11.5
+pydantic==2.12.5
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.33.2
+pydantic-core==2.41.5
     # via pydantic
-pygments==2.19.1
+pygments==2.19.2
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.30.5
+pyodide-build==0.33.0
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-pyodide-cli==0.3.0
+pyodide-cli==0.5.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.0a7
+pyodide-lock==0.1.2
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-requests==2.32.4
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+requests==2.32.5
     # via pyodide-build
-resolvelib==1.1.0
+rich==14.3.3
-    # via pyodide-build
-rich==14.0.0
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
-    #   typer
+ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
-ruamel-yaml==0.18.14
     # via pyodide-build
-ruamel-yaml-clib==0.2.12
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
-    # via ruamel-yaml
-shellingham==1.5.4
-    # via typer
-sniffio==1.3.1
-    # via anyio
-typer==0.16.0
     # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-cli
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
-    # via
-    #   anyio
     #   pydantic
     #   pydantic-core
-    #   typer
     #   typing-inspection
-typing-inspection==0.4.1
+typing-inspection==0.4.2
     # via pydantic
-unearth==0.17.5
+urllib3==2.6.3
-    # via pyodide-build
-urllib3==2.4.0
     # via requests
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
-wheel==0.45.1
+wheel==0.46.3
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide313.txt

@@ -2,115 +2,90 @@
 #    nox -s update_constraints
 annotated-types==0.7.0
     # via pydantic
-anyio==4.9.0
+auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.3
-    # via httpx
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.1.0
     # via pyodide-build
 build==1.2.2.post1
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2025.4.26
+certifi==2026.2.25
-    # via
+    # via requests
-    #   httpcore
+charset-normalizer==3.4.6
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.2
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-    #   typer
+    #   pyodide-build
-distlib==0.3.9
+    #   pyodide-cli
+distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
-h11==0.16.0
-    # via httpcore
-httpcore==1.0.9
-    # via httpx
-httpx==0.28.1
-    # via unearth
-idna==3.10
     # via
-    #   anyio
+    #   python-discovery
-    #   httpx
+    #   virtualenv
-    #   requests
+idna==3.11
-leb128==1.0.8
+    # via requests
+leb128==1.0.9
     # via auditwheel-emscripten
-markdown-it-py==3.0.0
+markdown-it-py==4.0.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
-    #   unearth
+    #   wheel
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.9.4
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
+    #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.11.5
+pydantic==2.12.5
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.33.2
+pydantic-core==2.41.5
     # via pydantic
-pygments==2.19.1
+pygments==2.19.2
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.30.5
+pyodide-build==0.33.0
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-pyodide-cli==0.3.0
+pyodide-cli==0.5.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.0a7
+pyodide-lock==0.1.2
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-requests==2.32.4
+python-discovery==1.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+requests==2.32.5
     # via pyodide-build
-resolvelib==1.1.0
+rich==14.3.3
-    # via pyodide-build
-rich==14.0.0
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
-    #   typer
+ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
-ruamel-yaml==0.18.14
     # via pyodide-build
-ruamel-yaml-clib==0.2.12
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
-    # via ruamel-yaml
-shellingham==1.5.4
-    # via typer
-sniffio==1.3.1
-    # via anyio
-typer==0.16.0
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-cli
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
     # via
     #   pydantic
     #   pydantic-core
-    #   typer
     #   typing-inspection
-typing-inspection==0.4.1
+typing-inspection==0.4.2
     # via pydantic
-unearth==0.17.5
+urllib3==2.6.3
-    # via pyodide-build
-urllib3==2.4.0
     # via requests
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
-wheel==0.45.1
+wheel==0.46.3
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -1,34 +1,42 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-importlib-metadata==8.7.0
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==9.0.0
     # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.9.6
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-tomli==2.2.1
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+tomli==2.4.1
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
-    # via delocate
+    # via
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+    #   delocate
+    #   virtualenv
+virtualenv==21.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.23.0
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python311.txt

@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-macholib==1.16.3
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.9.6
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==21.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python312.txt

@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-macholib==1.16.3
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.9.6
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==21.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python313.txt

@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-macholib==1.16.3
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.9.6
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==21.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python314.txt

@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-macholib==1.16.3
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.9.6
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==21.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python38.txt

@@ -1,34 +1,42 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
 build==1.2.2.post1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.12.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.16.1
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 importlib-metadata==8.5.0
     # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
 pip==25.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 platformdirs==4.3.6
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-tomli==2.2.1
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+tomli==2.4.1
     # via build
 typing-extensions==4.13.2
-    # via delocate
+    # via
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+    #   delocate
+    #   virtualenv
+virtualenv==21.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.20.2
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -1,34 +1,42 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.19.1
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-importlib-metadata==8.7.0
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==8.7.1
     # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.4.0
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-tomli==2.2.1
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+tomli==2.4.1
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
-    # via delocate
+    # via
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+    #   delocate
+    #   virtualenv
+virtualenv==21.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.23.0
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
+altgraph==0.17.5
     # via macholib
-build==1.2.2.post1
+build==1.4.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.9
+distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.18.0
+filelock==3.25.2
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
-macholib==1.16.3
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
-packaging==25.0
+packaging==26.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   delocate
-pip==25.1.1
+pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.3.8
+platformdirs==4.9.6
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.14.0
+python-discovery==1.2.2
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.31.2
+virtualenv==21.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml

@@ -25,20 +25,21 @@ test-requires = []
 test-extras = []
 test-groups = []
 test-environment = {}
+test-runtime = {}
 
 container-engine = "docker"
 
 pyodide-version = ""
 
 manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
-manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2014"
+manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux_2_28"
 manylinux-aarch64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
 manylinux-ppc64le-image = "manylinux_2_28"
 manylinux-s390x-image = "manylinux_2_28"
 manylinux-armv7l-image = "manylinux_2_31"
-manylinux-riscv64-image = "ghcr.io/pypa/cibuildwheel/no_default_image:please_use_override"
+manylinux-riscv64-image = "manylinux_2_39"
 manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
-manylinux-pypy_i686-image = "manylinux2014"
+manylinux-pypy_i686-image = "manylinux_2_28"
 manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
 
 musllinux-x86_64-image = "musllinux_1_2"
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ musllinux-aarch64-image = "musllinux_1_2"
 musllinux-ppc64le-image = "musllinux_1_2"
 musllinux-s390x-image = "musllinux_1_2"
 musllinux-armv7l-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-musllinux-riscv64-image = "ghcr.io/pypa/cibuildwheel/no_default_image:please_use_override"
+musllinux-riscv64-image = "musllinux_1_2"
 
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
@@ -58,6 +59,8 @@ repair-wheel-command = "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel.windows]
 
+[tool.cibuildwheel.android]
+
 [tool.cibuildwheel.ios]
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel.pyodide]

cibuildwheel/resources/install_certifi.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def main() -> None:
         [sys.executable, "-E", "-s", "-m", "pip", "install", "--upgrade", "certifi"]
     )
 
-    import certifi
+    import certifi  # noqa: PLC0415
 
     # change working directory to the default SSL directory
     os.chdir(openssl_dir)

cibuildwheel/resources/nodejs.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 url = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
-v22 = "v22.16.0"
+v24 = "v24.14.1"
-v20 = "v20.19.2"
+v22 = "v22.22.2"
+v20 = "v20.20.2"

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,47 +1,54 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.04.08-5
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.04.08-5
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.04.08-5
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2025.06.08-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2026.04.08-5
 
 [i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.04.08-5
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.04.08-5
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2026.04.08-5
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.04.08-5
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.04.08-5
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.04.08-5
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2025.06.08-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2026.04.08-5
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2026.04.08-5
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2026.04.08-5
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2026.04.08-5
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2025.06.08-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2026.04.08-5
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2026.04.08-5
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2026.04.08-5
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2026.04.08-5
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2025.06.08-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2026.04.08-5
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.04.08-5
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.04.08-5
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.04.08-5
 
 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.04.08-5
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.04.08-5
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.04.08-5
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.04.08-5
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.04.08-5
 
 [armv7l]
-manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2026.04.08-5
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2025.06.08-1
+manylinux_2_35 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_35_armv7l:2026.04.08-5
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2026.04.08-5
 
 [riscv64]
+manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2026.04.08-5
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2026.04.08-5
 

cibuildwheel/resources/python-build-standalone-releases.json

@@ -1,439 +1,723 @@
 {
   "releases": [
     {
-      "tag": "20250604",
+      "tag": "20260408",
       "assets": [
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.10.18+20250604-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.10.18%2B20250604-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.10.20+20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.10.20%2B20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.11.15+20260408-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.11.15%2B20260408-aarch64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.11.15+20260408-aarch64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.11.15%2B20260408-aarch64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.11.15+20260408-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.11.15%2B20260408-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.11.15+20260408-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.11.15%2B20260408-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.11.15+20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.11.15%2B20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.11.15+20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.11.15%2B20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
         },
         {
-          "name": "cpython-3.11.13+20250604-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "name": "cpython-3.11.15+20260408-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
-          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20250604/cpython-3.11.13%2B20250604-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.11.15%2B20260408-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
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+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-i686-pc-windows-msvc-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-i686-pc-windows-msvc-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-i686-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64-apple-darwin-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64-apple-darwin-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a8+20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260408/cpython-3.15.0a8%2B20260408-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
         }
       ]
     }

cibuildwheel/resources/testing_temp_dir_file.py

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ from typing import NoReturn
 
 class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_fail(self) -> NoReturn:
-        if sys.platform == "ios":
+        if sys.platform in ["android", "ios"]:
             msg = (
                 "You tried to run tests from the testbed app's working "
                 "directory, without specifying `test-sources`. "
-                "On iOS, you must copy your test files to the testbed app by "
+                "On this platform, you must copy your test files to the testbed app by "
                 "setting the `test-sources` option in your cibuildwheel "
                 "configuration."
             )

cibuildwheel/resources/virtualenv.toml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-default = { version = "20.31.2", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.31.2/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true" }
+default = { version = "21.2.1", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/download/21.2.1/virtualenv.pyz" }

cibuildwheel/schema.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import json
 from typing import Any
 
-from .util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
 
 
 def get_schema(tool_name: str = "cibuildwheel") -> dict[str, Any]:

cibuildwheel/selector.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import dataclasses
 import itertools
 from enum import StrEnum
 from fnmatch import fnmatch
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Self
 
 import bracex
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ class EnableGroup(StrEnum):
     Groups of build selectors that are not enabled by default.
     """
 
-    CPythonExperimentalRiscV64 = "cpython-experimental-riscv64"
     CPythonFreeThreading = "cpython-freethreading"
     CPythonPrerelease = "cpython-prerelease"
     GraalPy = "graalpy"
@@ -38,11 +37,11 @@ class EnableGroup(StrEnum):
     PyodidePrerelease = "pyodide-prerelease"
 
     @classmethod
-    def all_groups(cls) -> frozenset["EnableGroup"]:
+    def all_groups(cls) -> frozenset[Self]:
-        return frozenset(cls)
+        return frozenset(set(cls) - {cls.CPythonFreeThreading})
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse_option_value(cls, value: str) -> frozenset["EnableGroup"]:
+    def parse_option_value(cls, value: str) -> frozenset[Self]:
         """
         Parses a string of space-separated values into a set of EnableGroup
         members. The string may contain group names or "all".
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ class BuildSelector:
     def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
         # Filter build selectors by python_requires if set
         if self.requires_python is not None:
-            py_ver_str = build_id.split("-")[0].split("_")[0]
+            py_ver_str = build_id.split("-", maxsplit=1)[0].split("_", maxsplit=1)[0]
             py_ver_str = py_ver_str.removesuffix("t")
             major = int(py_ver_str[2])
             minor = int(py_ver_str[3:])
@@ -85,31 +84,36 @@ class BuildSelector:
                 return False
 
         # filter out groups that are not enabled
-        if EnableGroup.CPythonFreeThreading not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp3??t-*"):
+        if EnableGroup.CPythonFreeThreading not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp313t-*"):
             return False
-        if EnableGroup.CPythonPrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp314*"):
+        if EnableGroup.CPythonPrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp315*"):
             return False
-        if EnableGroup.PyPy not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "pp31*"):
+        is_pypy_eol = fnmatch(build_id, "pp3?-*") or fnmatch(build_id, "pp310-*")
+        is_pypy = fnmatch(build_id, "pp*") and not is_pypy_eol
+        if EnableGroup.PyPy not in self.enable and is_pypy:
             return False
-        if EnableGroup.PyPyEoL not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "pp3?-*"):
+        if EnableGroup.PyPyEoL not in self.enable and is_pypy_eol:
-            return False
-        if EnableGroup.CPythonExperimentalRiscV64 not in self.enable and fnmatch(
-            build_id, "*_riscv64"
-        ):
             return False
         if EnableGroup.GraalPy not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "gp*"):
             return False
-        if EnableGroup.PyodidePrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(
+        # TODO: Re-enable this when we have Pyodide prereleases again (e.g., 0.29.0a1+)
-            build_id, "cp313-pyodide_*"
+        # Python 3.13 support became stable in Pyodide 0.28.0, so it no longer needs a prerelease
-        ):
+        # flag.
-            return False
+        # Also update Pyodide tests in unit_test/build_selector_test.py accordingly.
+        # When re-enabling, update the pattern to match the experimental Python version in case
+        # it is bumped to Python 3.14 (likely cp314-pyodide_* but could remain as 3.13 as well).
+        # This depends on the CPython version being used in the Pyodide runtime at the time.
+        # if EnableGroup.PyodidePrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(
+        #     build_id, "cp313-pyodide_*"
+        # ):
+        #     return False
 
         should_build = selector_matches(self.build_config, build_id)
         should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
 
         return should_build and not should_skip
 
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> dict[str, str | list[str]]:
         return {
             "build_config": self.build_config,
             "skip_config": self.skip_config,
@@ -130,5 +134,5 @@ class TestSelector:
         should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
         return not should_skip
 
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         return {"skip_config": self.skip_config}

cibuildwheel/typing.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ __all__ = (
 PathOrStr = str | os.PathLike[str]
 
 
-PlatformName = Literal["linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide", "ios"]
+PlatformName = Literal["linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide", "android", "ios"]
 PLATFORMS: Final[frozenset[PlatformName]] = frozenset(typing.get_args(PlatformName))
 
 

cibuildwheel/util/cmd.py

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import typing
 from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
 from typing import Final, Literal
 
-from ..errors import FatalError
+from cibuildwheel.errors import FatalError
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
 
 _IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def call(
     if not capture_stdout:
         return None
     sys.stderr.write(result.stderr)
-    return typing.cast(str, result.stdout)
+    return typing.cast("str", result.stdout)
 
 
 def shell(

cibuildwheel/util/file.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from zipfile import ZipFile
 import certifi
 from platformdirs import user_cache_path
 
-from ..errors import FatalError
+from cibuildwheel.errors import FatalError
 
 DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
 CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
@@ -20,6 +20,26 @@ CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
 ).resolve()
 
 
+def ensure_cache_sentinel(cache_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Create a sentinel file to mark a cibuildwheel cache directory.
+
+    We help prevent accidental deletion of non-cache directories with this.
+
+    Args:
+        cache_path: The cache directory path where the sentinel should be created
+    """
+    if cache_path.exists():
+        sentinel_file = cache_path / "CACHEDIR.TAG"
+        if not sentinel_file.exists():
+            sentinel_file.write_text(
+                "Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55\n"
+                "# This file is a cache directory tag created by cibuildwheel.\n"
+                "# For information about cache directory tags, see:\n"
+                "# https://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/",
+                encoding="utf-8",
+            )
+
+
 def download(url: str, dest: Path) -> None:
     print(f"+ Download {url} to {dest}")
     dest_dir = dest.parent

cibuildwheel/util/helpers.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import dataclasses
 import itertools
 import os
 import re
@@ -5,9 +6,8 @@ import shlex
 import textwrap
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from functools import total_ordering
 
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
 
 
 def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
     >>> format_safe('{a} {b[4]:3f}', a='123')
     '123 {b[4]:3f}'
 
-    To avoid variable expansion, precede with a single backslash e.g.
+    To avoid variable expansion, precede with a single hash e.g.
-    >>> format_safe('\\{a} {b}', a='123')
+    >>> format_safe('#{a} {b}', a='123')
     '{a} {b}'
     """
 
@@ -140,19 +140,17 @@ def parse_key_value_string(
     return dict(result)
 
 
-@total_ordering
+@dataclasses.dataclass(order=True)
 class FlexibleVersion:
-    version_str: str
+    version_parts: tuple[int, ...] = dataclasses.field(init=False, repr=False)
-    version_parts: tuple[int, ...]
+    suffix: str = dataclasses.field(init=False, repr=False)
-    suffix: str
+    version_str: str = dataclasses.field(compare=False)
-
-    def __init__(self, version_str: str) -> None:
-        self.version_str = version_str
 
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         # Split into numeric parts and the optional suffix
-        match = re.match(r"^[v]?(\d+(\.\d+)*)(.*)$", version_str)
+        match = re.match(r"^[v]?(\d+(\.\d+)*)(.*)$", self.version_str)
         if not match:
-            msg = f"Invalid version string: {version_str}"
+            msg = f"Invalid version string: {self.version_str}"
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
         version_part, _, suffix = match.groups()
@@ -172,18 +170,5 @@ class FlexibleVersion:
             parts = parts[:-1]
         return parts
 
-    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
-        if not isinstance(other, FlexibleVersion):
-            raise NotImplementedError()
-        return (self.version_parts, self.suffix) == (other.version_parts, other.suffix)
-
-    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
-        if not isinstance(other, FlexibleVersion):
-            raise NotImplementedError()
-        return (self.version_parts, self.suffix) < (other.version_parts, other.suffix)
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"FlexibleVersion('{self.version_str}')"
-
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.version_str

cibuildwheel/util/packaging.py

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import shlex
-from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from typing import Any, Literal, Self, TypeVar
+from typing import Literal, Self, TypeVar
 
 from packaging.utils import parse_wheel_filename
 
-from . import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from .cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
-from .helpers import parse_key_value_string, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import parse_key_value_string, unwrap
 
 
 @dataclass(kw_only=True)
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class DependencyConstraints:
 
         return None
 
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
         if self == DependencyConstraints.pinned():
             return "pinned"
         elif self.packages:
@@ -158,9 +158,9 @@ def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
                 # If a minor version number is given, it has to be lower than the current one.
                 continue
 
-            if platform.startswith(("manylinux", "musllinux", "macosx", "ios")):
+            if platform.startswith(("manylinux", "musllinux", "macosx", "android", "ios")):
-                # Linux, macOS, and iOS require the beginning and ending match
+                # On these platforms the wheel tag includes a platform version number, which we
-                # (macos/manylinux/iOS version number doesn't need to match)
+                # should ignore.
                 os_, arch = platform.split("_", 1)
                 if not tag.platform.startswith(os_):
                     continue
@@ -169,39 +169,11 @@ def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
             elif platform.startswith("pyodide"):
                 # each Pyodide version has its own platform tag
                 continue
-            else:
+            # Windows should exactly match
-                # Windows should exactly match
+            elif tag.platform != platform:
-                if tag.platform != platform:
+                continue
-                    continue
 
             # If all the filters above pass, then the wheel is a previously built compatible wheel.
             return wheel
 
     return None
-
-
-def combine_constraints(
-    env: MutableMapping[str, str], /, constraints_path: Path, tmp_dir: Path | None
-) -> None:
-    """
-    This will workaround a bug in pip<=21.1.1 or uv<=0.2.0 if a tmp_dir is given.
-    If set to None, this will use the modern URI method.
-    """
-
-    if tmp_dir:
-        if " " in str(constraints_path):
-            assert " " not in str(tmp_dir)
-            tmp_file = tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
-            tmp_file.write_bytes(constraints_path.read_bytes())
-            constraints_path = tmp_file
-        our_constraints = str(constraints_path)
-    else:
-        our_constraints = (
-            constraints_path.as_uri() if " " in str(constraints_path) else str(constraints_path)
-        )
-
-    user_constraints = env.get("PIP_CONSTRAINT")
-
-    env["UV_CONSTRAINT"] = env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = " ".join(
-        c for c in [our_constraints, user_constraints] if c
-    )

cibuildwheel/util/python_build_standalone.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData(typing.TypedDict):
 @functools.cache
 def get_python_build_standalone_release_data() -> PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData:
     with open(PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES, "rb") as f:
-        return typing.cast(PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData, json.load(f))
+        return typing.cast("PythonBuildStandaloneReleaseData", json.load(f))
 
 
 class PythonBuildStandaloneError(Exception):

cibuildwheel/util/resources.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import tomllib
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final
 
-from ..typing import PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PlatformName
 
 PATH: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "resources"
 INSTALL_CERTIFI_SCRIPT: Final[Path] = PATH / "install_certifi.py"
@@ -22,8 +22,11 @@ TEST_FAIL_CWD_FILE: Final[Path] = PATH / "testing_temp_dir_file.py"
 
 # this value is cached because it's used a lot in unit tests
 @functools.cache
-def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
+def read_all_configs() -> dict[str, list[dict[str, str]]]:
     with BUILD_PLATFORMS.open("rb") as f:
         loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
-    results: list[dict[str, str]] = list(loaded_file[config]["python_configurations"])
+    return {k: list[dict[str, str]](v["python_configurations"]) for k, v in loaded_file.items()}
-    return results
+
+
+def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
+    return read_all_configs()[config]

cibuildwheel/venv.py

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
 from packaging.version import Version
 
-from .util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from .util.cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
-from .util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download
 
 _IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
 
@@ -108,7 +108,9 @@ def virtualenv(
     assert python.exists()
 
     if use_uv:
-        call("uv", "venv", venv_path, "--python", python)
+        uv_path = find_uv()
+        assert uv_path is not None
+        call(uv_path, "venv", venv_path, "--python", python)
     else:
         virtualenv_app, virtualenv_version = _ensure_virtualenv(version)
         if pip_version is None:
@@ -143,6 +145,8 @@ def virtualenv(
     venv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_path)
     if not use_uv and pip_version == "embed":
         call(
+            "python",
+            "-m",
             "pip",
             "install",
             "--upgrade",
@@ -157,8 +161,7 @@ def virtualenv(
 def find_uv() -> Path | None:
     # Prefer uv in our environment
     with contextlib.suppress(ImportError, FileNotFoundError):
-        # pylint: disable-next=import-outside-toplevel
+        from uv import find_uv_bin  # noqa: PLC0415
-        from uv import find_uv_bin
 
         return Path(find_uv_bin())
 

docs/changelog.md

@@ -4,6 +4,142 @@ title: Changelog
 
 # Changelog
 
+### v3.4.1
+
+_2 April 2026_
+
+- ⚠️ Building for the experimental CPython 3.13 free-threading variant is now deprecated. That functionality will be removed in the next minor release. The [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) option `cpython-freethreading` is therefore also deprecated. Builds specifying `enable = "all"` no longer select `cpython-freethreading`. CPython 3.14 free-threading support remains available without the `enable` flag. (#2787)
+- 🐛 iOS builds will no longer skip `repair-wheel-command` if it's defined in config (#2761)
+- 🐛 Fix bug causing `uv` to fail when environments define PYTHON_VERSION or UV_PYTHON, conflicting with our venvs (#2795)
+- ✨ cibuildwheel prints the selected build identifiers at the start of the build. (#2785)
+- 🔐 The GitHub Action now references other actions with a full SHA (#2744)
+
+### v3.4.0
+
+_5 March 2026_
+
+- 🌟 You can now build wheels using `uv` as a build frontend. This should improve performance, especially if your project has lots of build dependencies. To use, set [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) to `uv`. (#2322)
+- ⚠️ We no longer support running on Travis CI. It may continue working but we don't run tests there anymore so we can't be sure. (#2682)
+- ✨ Improvements to building rust wheels on Android (#2650)
+- 🛠 Update Pyodide to 0.29.3 (#2719, #2733)
+- 🐛 Fix bug with the GitHub Action on Windows, where PATH was getting unnecessarily changed, causing issues with meson builds. (#2723)
+- ✨ Add support for quiet setting on `build` and `uv` from the cibuildwheel `build-verbosity` setting. (#2737)
+- 📚 Docs updates, including guidance on using Meson on Windows (#2718)
+
+### v3.3.1
+
+_5 January 2026_
+
+- 🛠 Update dependencies and container pins, including updating to CPython 3.14.2. (#2708)
+
+### v3.3.0
+
+_12 November 2025_
+
+- 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with Docker v29 (#2660)
+- ✨ Adds `test-runtime` option, to customise how tests on simulated/emulated environments are run (#2636)
+- ✨ Adds support for new `manylinux_2_35` images on 32-bit ARM `armv7l`, offering better C++20 compatibility (#2656)
+- ✨ `build[uv]` is now supported on Android (#2587)
+- ✨ You can now install extras (such as `uv`) with a simple option on the GitHub Action (#2630)
+- ✨ `{project}` and `{package}` placeholders are now supported in `repair-wheel-command` (#2589)
+- 🛠 The versions set with `dependency-versions` no longer constrain packages specified by your `build-system.requires`. Previously, on platforms other than Linux, the constraints in this option would remain in the environment during the build. This has been tidied up make behaviour more consistent between platforms, and to prevent version conflicts. (#2583)
+- 🛠 Improve the handling of `test-command` on Android, enabling more options to be passed (#2590)
+- 📚 Docs improvements (#2618)
+
+### v3.2.1
+
+_12 October 2025_
+
+- 🛠 Update to CPython 3.14.0 final (#2614)
+- 🐛 Fix the default MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET on Python 3.14 (#2613)
+- 📚 Docs improvements (#2617)
+
+### v3.2.0
+
+_22 September 2025_
+
+- ✨ Adds GraalPy v25 (Python 3.12) support (#2597)
+- 🛠 Update to CPython 3.14.0rc3 (#2602)
+- 🛠 Adds CPython 3.14.0 prerelease support for Android, and a number of improvements to Android builds (#2568, #2591)
+- 🛠 Improvements to testing on Android, passing environment markers when installing the venv, and providing more debug output when build-verbosity is set (#2575)
+- ⚠️ PyPy 3.10 was moved to `pypy-eol` in the `enable` option, as it is now end-of-life. (#2521)
+- 📚 Docs improvements (#2574, #2601, #2598)
+
+### v3.1.4
+
+_19 August 2025_
+
+- ✨ Add a `--clean-cache` command to clean up our cache (#2489)
+- 🛠 Update Python to 3.14rc2 and other patch version bumps (#2542, #2556)
+- 🛠 Update Pyodide to 0.28.2 (#2562, #2558)
+- 🐛 Fix resolution with `pyodide-build` when `dependency-versions` is set (#2548)
+- 🐛 Set `CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE` to `BOTH` on Android (#2547)
+- 🐛 Add `patchelf` dependency for platforms that can build Android wheels (#2552)
+- 🐛 Ignore empty values for `CIBW_ARCHS` like most other environment variables (#2541)
+- 💼 The `color` and `suggest_on_error` argparse options are now default in 3.14rc1+ (#2554)
+- 💼 Use the virtualenv release URL instead of blob URL (should be more robust) (#2555)
+- 🧪 For iOS, lowering to macos-14 is needed for now due to issues with GitHub's runner images (#2557)
+- 🧪 Split out platforms iOS and Android in our tests (#2519)
+- 🧪 Fix and enable doctests (#2546)
+- 📚 Improve our docs on free-threading (#2549)
+
+
+### v3.1.3
+
+_1 August 2025_
+
+- 🐛 Fix bug where "latest" dependencies couldn't update to pip 25.2 on Windows (#2537)
+- 🧪 Use pytest-rerunfailures to improve some of our iOS/Android tests (#2527, #2539)
+- 🧪 Remove some GraalPy Windows workarounds in our tests (#2501)
+
+
+### v3.1.2
+
+_29 July 2025_
+
+- ⚠️  Add an error if `CIBW_FREE_THREADING_SUPPORT` is set; you are likely missing 3.13t wheels, please use the `enable`/`CIBW_ENABLE` (#2520)
+- 🛠 `riscv64` now enabled if you target that architecture, it's now supported on PyPI (#2509)
+- 🛠 Add warning when using `cpython-experimental-riscv64` (no longer needed) (#2526, #2528)
+- 🛠 iOS versions bumped, fixing issues with 3.14 (now RC 1) (#2530)
+- 🐛 Fix bug in Android running wheel from our GitHub Action (#2517)
+- 🐛 Fix warning when using `test-skip` of `"*-macosx_universal2:arm64"` (#2522)
+- 🐛 Fix incorrect number of wheels reported in logs, again (#2517)
+- 📚 We welcome our Android platform maintainer (#2516)
+
+
+### v3.1.1
+
+_24 July 2025_
+
+- 🐛 Fix a bug showing an incorrect wheel count at the end of execution, and misrepresenting test-only runs in the GitHub Action summary (#2512)
+- 📚 Docs fix (#2510)
+
+### v3.1.0
+
+_23 July 2025_
+
+
+- 🌟 CPython 3.14 wheels are now built by default - without the `"cpython-prerelease"` `enable` set. It's time to build and upload these wheels to PyPI! This release includes CPython 3.14.0rc1, which is guaranteed to be ABI compatible with the final release. (#2507) Free-threading is no longer experimental in 3.14, so you have to skip it explicitly with `'cp31?t-*'` if you don't support it yet. (#2503)
+- 🌟 Adds the ability to [build wheels for Android](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/platforms/#android)! Set the [`platform` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#platform) to `android` on Linux or macOS to try it out! (#2349)
+- 🌟 Adds Pyodide 0.28, which builds 3.13 wheels (#2487)
+- ✨ Support for 32-bit `manylinux_2_28` (now a consistent default) and `manylinux_2_34` added (#2500)
+- 🛠 Improved summary, will also use markdown summary output on GHA (#2469)
+- 🛠 The riscv64 images now have a working default (as they are now part of pypy/manylinux), but are still experimental (and behind an `enable`) since you can't push them to PyPI yet (#2506)
+- 🛠 Fixed a typo in the 3.9 MUSL riscv64 identifier (`cp39-musllinux_ricv64` -> `cp39-musllinux_riscv64`) (#2490)
+- 🛠 Mistyping `--only` now shows the correct possibilities, and even suggests near matches on Python 3.14+ (#2499)
+- 🛠 Only support one output from the repair step on linux like other platforms; auditwheel fixed this over four years ago! (#2478)
+- 💼 We now use pattern matching extensively (#2434)
+- 📚 We now have platform maintainers for our special platforms and interpreters! (#2481)
+
+
+
+### v3.0.1
+
+_5 July 2025_
+
+- 🛠 Updates CPython 3.14 prerelease to 3.14.0b3 (#2471)
+- ✨ Adds a CPython 3.14 prerelease iOS build (only when prerelease builds are [enabled](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable)) (#2475)
+
 ### v3.0.0
 
 _11 June 2025_
@@ -15,10 +151,10 @@ See @henryiii's [release post](https://iscinumpy.dev/post/cibuildwheel-3-0-0/) f
 - ✨ Adds CPython 3.14 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.14.0b2. (#2390)
 
     _While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.14 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag._ (#2390)
-- ✨ Adds the [test-sources option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-sources), and changes the working directory for tests. (#2062, #2284, #2437)
 
-    - If this option is set, cibuildwheel will copy the files and folders specified in `test-sources` into the temporary directory we run from. This is required for iOS builds, but also useful for other platforms, as it allows you to avoid placeholders.
+- ✨ Adds the [test-sources option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-sources), which copies files and folders into the temporary working directory we run tests from. (#2062, #2284, #2420, #2437)
-    - If this option is not set, behaviour matches v2.x - cibuildwheel will run the tests from a temporary directory, and you can use the `{project}` placeholder in the `test-command` to refer to the project directory. (#2420)
+
+    This is particularly important for iOS builds, which do not support placeholders in the `test-command`, but can also be useful for other platforms.
 
 - ✨ Adds [`dependency-versions`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions) inline syntax (#2122)
 - ✨ Improves support for Pyodide builds and adds the experimental [`pyodide-version`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#pyodide-version) option, which allows you to specify the version of Pyodide to use for builds. (#2002)
@@ -42,6 +178,12 @@ See @henryiii's [release post](https://iscinumpy.dev/post/cibuildwheel-3-0-0/) f
 - 📚 Docs now primarily use the pyproject.toml name of options, rather than the environment variable name. (#2389)
 - 📚 README table now matches docs and auto-updates. (#2427, #2428)
 
+### v2.23.4
+
+_16 March 2026_
+
+- 🐛 Fix HTTP 429 errors while downloading virtualenv from GitHub blob URLs – uses a https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ URL instead. (#2775)
+
 ### v2.23.3
 
 _26 April 2025_

docs/ci-services.md

@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ To build Linux, macOS, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.githu
 
     Use `env:` to pass [build options](options.md) and `with:` to set
     `package-dir: .`, `output-dir: wheelhouse` and `config-file: ''`
-    locations (those values are the defaults).
+    locations (those values are the defaults). You can also pass a
+    comma-separated list of extras to install additional packages.
+    For example, `extras: "uv"` to install UV into the virtual environment.
 
 !!! tab "pipx"
     The GitHub Actions runners have pipx installed, so you can easily build in
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ Commit this file, and push to GitHub - either to your default branch, or to a PR
 
 For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://help.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions).
 
-[`examples/github-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/github-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example to include iOS and Pyodide builds, and a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
+[`examples/github-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/github-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example to include Android, iOS and Pyodide builds, and a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
 
 
 ### Azure Pipelines [linux/mac/windows] {: #azure-pipelines}
@@ -70,22 +72,6 @@ Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Azure Pipelines, and push.
 
 Wheels will be stored for you and available through the Pipelines interface. For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/yaml-schema).
 
-### Travis CI [linux/windows] {: #travis-ci}
-
-To build Linux and Windows wheels on Travis CI, create a `.travis.yml` file in your repo.
-
-> .travis.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Travis CI, and push.
-
-Then setup a deployment method by following the [Travis CI deployment docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/deployment/), or see [Delivering to PyPI](deliver-to-pypi.md). For more info on `.travis.yml`, check out the [docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/).
-
-[`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example with a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
-
 ### CircleCI [linux/mac] {: #circleci}
 
 To build Linux and Mac wheels on CircleCI, create a `.circleci/config.yml` file in your repo,
@@ -117,20 +103,6 @@ Commit this file, and push to Gitlab. The pipeline should start automatically.
 
 Gitlab will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the Pipelines view. Check out the Gitlab [docs](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/) for more info on this config file.
 
-### Cirrus CI [linux/mac/windows] {: #cirrus-ci}
-
-To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on Cirrus CI, create a `.cirrus.yml` file in your repo,
-
-> .cirrus.yml
-
-```yaml
-{% include "../examples/cirrus-ci-minimal.yml" %}
-```
-
-Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Cirrus CI, and push.
-
-Cirrus CI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the individual task view. Check out the Cirrus CI [docs](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/) for more info on this config file.
-
 > ⚠️ Got an error? Check the [FAQ](faq.md).
 
 ### Other CI services
@@ -139,6 +111,10 @@ Cirrus CI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the ind
 
 Appveyor official support was dropped in cibuildwheel v3.0, due to a lack of CI credits. However, it can probably still be used as-is. Check the Appveyor example from the cibuildwheel v2.0 branch: [appveyor-minimal.yml](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/v2.23.3/examples/appveyor-minimal.yml).
 
+### Cirrus CI [linux/mac/windows] {: #cirrus-ci}
+
+Due to Cirrus CI [end-of-life](https://cirruslabs.org) on June 1, 2026, we no longer officially support this service.
+
 ## Next steps
 
 Once you've got the wheel building successfully, you might want to set up [testing](options.md#test-command) or [automatic releases to PyPI](deliver-to-pypi.md#automatic-method).

docs/configuration.md

@@ -30,17 +30,6 @@ cibuildwheel to run tests, add the following YAML to your CI config file:
       CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
     ```
 
-!!! tab "Travis CI"
-
-    > .travis.yml ([docs](https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/environment-variables/))
-
-    ```yaml
-    env:
-      global:
-        - CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES=pytest
-        - CIBW_TEST_COMMAND="pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
 !!! tab "CircleCI"
 
     > .circleci/config.yml ([docs](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/configuration-reference/#environment))
@@ -64,22 +53,12 @@ cibuildwheel to run tests, add the following YAML to your CI config file:
         CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
     ```
 
-!!! tab "Cirrus CI"
-
-    > .cirrus.yml ([docs](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/#environment-variables))
-
-    ```yaml
-    env:
-      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
-      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
-    ```
-
 ## Configuration file {: #configuration-file}
 
 You can configure cibuildwheel with a config file, such as `pyproject.toml`.
 Options have the same names as the environment variable overrides, but are
 placed in `[tool.cibuildwheel]` and are lower case, with dashes, following
-common [TOML][https://toml.io] practice. Anything placed in subsections `linux`, `windows`,
+common [TOML](https://toml.io) practice. Anything placed in subsections `linux`, `windows`,
 `macos`, or `pyodide` will only affect those platforms. Lists can be used
 instead of strings for items that are naturally a list. Multiline strings also
 work just like in the environment variables. Environment variables will take
@@ -112,7 +91,8 @@ The complete set of defaults for the current version of cibuildwheel are shown b
 
 One feature specific to the configuration files is the ability to override
 settings based on selectors. To use, add a ``tool.cibuildwheel.overrides``
-array, and specify a ``select`` string. Then any options you set will only
+array, and specify a ``select`` string, referencing the [build identifier](options.md#build-skip) (not wheel name!).
+Then any options you set will only
 apply to items that match that selector. These are applied in order, with later
 matches overriding earlier ones if multiple selectors match. Environment
 variables always override static configuration.
@@ -120,9 +100,11 @@ variables always override static configuration.
 A few of the options below have special handling in overrides. A different
 `before-all` will trigger a new container to launch on Linux, and cannot be
 overridden on macOS or Windows.  Overriding the image on linux will also
-trigger new containers, one per image. Some commands are not supported;
+trigger new containers, one per image.
-`output-dir`, build/skip/test_skip selectors, and architectures cannot be
+
-overridden.
+!!! note "Some commands are not supported"
+
+    The ``output-dir``, ``build``, ``skip``, ``test_skip`` selectors, and architectures cannot be overridden.
 
 You can specify a table of overrides in `inherit={}`, any list or table in this
 list will inherit from previous overrides or the main configuration. The valid

docs/data/projects.schema.json

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
             "travisci",
             "circleci",
             "gitlab",
-            "cirrusci",
             "azurepipelines"
           ]
         }
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@
       "ci_config": { "type": "string" },
       "os": {
         "type": "array",
-        "items": { "enum": ["windows", "apple", "linux"] }
+        "items": { "enum": ["windows", "apple", "linux", "android", "ios", "pyodide"] }
       }
     },
     "required": ["name", "gh", "ci", "os"]

docs/data/projects.yml

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 # gh: GitHub repo (eventually a url: could be added for non-github projects)
 # stars: GitHub repo (optional, if different from package, such as for Twisted)
 # pypi: The pypi name, if different from the GitHub package name
-# os: Operating system list, [windows, apple, linux] (optional)
+# os: Operating system list, [windows, apple, linux, android, ios, pyodide] (optional)
-# ci: [github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci, cirrusci] (optional)
+# ci: [github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci] (optional)
 # notes: (text, optional)
 
 - name: abess
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
   gh: matplotlib/matplotlib
   notes: The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions
   ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]
 
 - name: pyinstrument
   gh: joerick/pyinstrument
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@
 - name: pybase64
   gh: mayeut/pybase64
   ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, android, ios, pyodide]
-
+  notes: setuptools backend with custom CMake step for external sources. SBOM embedded via a custom repair step.
 
 - name: KDEpy
   gh: tommyod/KDEpy
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
 - name: scikit-learn
   gh: scikit-learn/scikit-learn
   ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]
   ci_config: .github/workflows/wheels.yml
   notes: |
     The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@
 - name: scikit-image
   gh: scikit-image/scikit-image
   ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]
   ci_config: .github/workflows/cibuildwheel.yml
   notes: |
     Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project
@@ -172,13 +172,13 @@
 
 - name: pyzmq
   gh: zeromq/pyzmq
-  ci: [github, circleci]
+  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, android]
   ci_config: .github/workflows/wheels.yml
   notes: |
     Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library.
     Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy.
-    ARM wheels for linux are built natively on CircleCI.
+    ARM wheels for linux are built natively on GitHub Actions.
 
 - name: python-rapidjson
   gh: python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
@@ -194,17 +194,17 @@
 - name: pybind11 python_example
   gh: pybind/python_example
   ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]
 
 - name: pybind11 cmake_example
   gh: pybind/cmake_example
   ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]
 
 - name: pybind11 scikit_build_example
   gh: pybind/scikit_build_example
   ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]
 
 - name: pybind11 cross build example
   gh: wbarnha/pybind_cmake_example_crossbuild
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
 - name: iminuit
   gh: scikit-hep/iminuit
   ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]
 
 - name: pyjet
   gh: scikit-hep/pyjet
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
 - name: boost-histogram
   gh: scikit-hep/boost-histogram
   ci: [github, travisci]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]
   notes: Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs.
 
 - name: Rtree
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@
 - name: sourmash
   gh: sourmash-bio/sourmash
   ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows, pyodide]
 
 - name: markupsafe
   gh: pallets/markupsafe
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@
 - name: pillow-heif
   gh: bigcat88/pillow_heif
   pypi: pillow-heif
-  ci: [github, cirrusci]
+  ci: [github]
   os: [apple, linux, windows]
   notes: Bindings to libheif library with third party dependencies. Fully automated CI for tests and publishing including Apple Silicon builds.
 
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@
 - name: NumPy
   gh: numpy/numpy
   ci: [github, travisci]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux, pyodide]
 
 - name: Wrapt
   gh: GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
@@ -664,3 +664,10 @@
   os: [apple, linux, windows]
   pypi: streaming-form-data
   notes: Streaming parser for multipart/form-data written in Cython
+
+- name: falcon
+  gh: falconry/falcon
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+  pypi: falcon
+  notes: Falcon is a no-magic ASGI/WSGI API and microservices framework; it uses cibuildwheel for (optional) Cython extensions.

docs/data/readme_icons/android.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>Android icon</title><path d="M17.523 15.3414c-.5511 0-.9993-.4486-.9993-.9997s.4483-.9993.9993-.9993c.5511 0 .9993.4483.9993.9993.0001.5511-.4482.9997-.9993.9997m-11.046 0c-.5511 0-.9993-.4486-.9993-.9997s.4482-.9993.9993-.9993c.5511 0 .9993.4483.9993.9993 0 .5511-.4483.9997-.9993.9997m11.4045-6.02l1.9973-3.4592a.416.416 0 00-.1521-.5676.416.416 0 00-.5676.1521l-2.0223 3.503C15.5902 8.2439 13.8533 7.8508 12 7.8508s-3.5902.3931-5.1367 1.0989L4.841 5.4467a.4161.4161 0 00-.5677-.1521.4157.4157 0 00-.1521.5676l1.9973 3.4592C2.6889 11.1867.3432 14.6589 0 18.761h24c-.3435-4.1021-2.6892-7.5743-6.1185-9.4396"/></svg>

docs/data/readme_icons/cirrusci.svg

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>Cirrus CI icon</title><path d="M19.422.453a1.113 1.113 0 0 0-1.113 1.115 1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.112 1.114c1.31 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.04 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 8.52a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.117h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 15.48a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.112h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 22.432a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.115h18.31a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 .206-.022c2.42-.112 4.37-2.12 4.37-4.57 0-1.393-.642-2.634-1.63-3.478C23.356 14.632 24 13.393 24 12c0-1.393-.643-2.632-1.63-3.477C23.357 7.68 24 6.438 24 5.045c0-2.52-2.06-4.592-4.578-4.592z"/></svg>

docs/data/readme_icons/ios.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>iOS icon</title><path d="M1.1 6.05C.486 6.05 0 6.53 0 7.13A1.08 1.08 0 0 0 1.1 8.21C1.72 8.21 2.21 7.73 2.21 7.13C2.21 6.53 1.72 6.05 1.1 6.05M8.71 6.07C5.35 6.07 3.25 8.36 3.25 12C3.25 15.67 5.35 17.95 8.71 17.95C12.05 17.95 14.16 15.67 14.16 12C14.16 8.36 12.05 6.07 8.71 6.07M19.55 6.07C17.05 6.07 15.27 7.45 15.27 9.5C15.27 11.13 16.28 12.15 18.4 12.64L19.89 13C21.34 13.33 21.93 13.81 21.93 14.64C21.93 15.6 20.96 16.28 19.58 16.28C18.17 16.28 17.11 15.59 17 14.53H15C15.08 16.65 16.82 17.95 19.46 17.95C22.25 17.95 24 16.58 24 14.4C24 12.69 23 11.72 20.68 11.19L19.35 10.89C17.94 10.55 17.36 10.1 17.36 9.34C17.36 8.38 18.24 7.74 19.54 7.74C20.85 7.74 21.75 8.39 21.85 9.46H23.81C23.76 7.44 22.09 6.07 19.55 6.07M8.71 7.82C10.75 7.82 12.06 9.45 12.06 12C12.06 14.57 10.75 16.2 8.71 16.2C6.65 16.2 5.35 14.57 5.35 12C5.35 9.45 6.65 7.82 8.71 7.82M.111 9.31V17.76H2.1V9.31H.11Z"/></svg>

docs/data/readme_icons/pyodide.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<svg width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+<g clip-path="url(#clip0_101_23)">
+<path d="M19.4079 13.0863C19.4079 13.0645 19.4062 11.8768 19.4045 11.8551H24.0001V23.7707H12.0828V11.8551H16.6783C16.6783 11.8768 16.675 13.0645 16.675 13.0863M22.1191 22.4962H22.9376L21.6965 18.2782H20.4519L19.4296 22.4962H20.2231L20.4302 21.5573H21.8485L22.1174 22.4962H22.1191ZM17.7708 22.4962H18.5543L19.5599 18.2782H18.7865L18.17 21.1848H18.16L17.5753 18.2782H16.837L16.1855 21.1497H16.1755L15.6359 18.2782H14.8474L15.7562 22.4962H16.5547L17.1811 19.6246H17.1911L17.7708 22.4962ZM20.9264 19.3172H21.2588L21.6547 20.8657H20.5822L20.9264 19.3172Z" fill="#606060"/>
+<path d="M11.6935 5.17811C11.6935 6.94883 10.2234 8.5191 8.35247 8.5191H1.67049V11.8601H0V0.166626H8.35247C10.1399 0.166626 11.6433 1.65337 11.6935 3.50761V5.17811ZM10.023 3.50761C10.023 2.58884 9.27124 1.83712 8.35247 1.83712H1.67049V6.8486H8.35247C9.27124 6.8486 10.023 6.09688 10.023 5.17811V3.50761Z" fill="#606060"/>
+<path d="M18.8766 8.185V11.8601H17.2061V8.185L12.1946 2.67237V0.166626H13.8651V1.98746L18.0413 6.58132L22.2175 1.98746V0.166626H23.888V2.67237L18.8766 8.185Z" fill="#606060"/>
+</g>
+<defs>
+<clipPath id="clip0_101_23">
+<rect width="24" height="24" fill="white"/>
+</clipPath>
+</defs>
+</svg>

docs/deliver-to-pypi.md

@@ -29,10 +29,11 @@ GitHub actions has pipx in all the runners as a supported package manager, as we
     name: Make SDist
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0  # Optional, use if you use setuptools_scm
         submodules: true  # Optional, use if you have submodules
+        persist-credentials: false # Highly recommended as a good security practice to not store credentials in disk, unless you need this for your specific use case
 
     - name: Build SDist
       run: pipx run build --sdist
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ Then, you need to publish the artifacts that the previous jobs have built. This
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
       with:
         pattern: cibw-*
         path: dist
@@ -71,12 +72,6 @@ for an example configuration that automatically uploads wheels to PyPI. Also see
 [scikit-hep.org/developer/gha_wheels](https://scikit-hep.org/developer/gha_wheels)
 for a complete guide.
 
-### TravisCI
-
-See
-[`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml)
-for an example configuration.
-
 ## Manual method
 
 On your development machine, install [pipx](https://pipx.pypa.io/) and do the following:

docs/diagram.html

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
     <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 3"></div>
     <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 4"></div>
     <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 5"></div>
+    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 6"></div>
+    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 7"></div>
+    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 8"></div>
     <!-- the docker container outline -->
     <div class="grid-outline docker">
       <div class="outline">
@@ -17,11 +20,17 @@
     </div>
     <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 4"><div class="outline"></div></div>
     <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 5"><div class="outline"></div></div>
+    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 6"><div class="outline"></div></div>
+    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 7"><div class="outline"></div></div>
+    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 8"><div class="outline"></div></div>
     <!-- THE GRID CONTENT -->
     <!-- the row labels -->
     <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 3">Linux</div>
     <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 4">macOS</div>
     <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 5">Windows</div>
+    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 6">Android</div>
+    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 7">iOS</div>
+    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 8">Pyodide</div>
     <!-- the column labels -->
     <div class="grid-column-label"
          style="grid-row: 1 / span 1; grid-column: 5 / -3">
@@ -86,7 +95,7 @@
       [
         {
           href: 'options/#before-all',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
           style: 'dot',
           tooltip: {
             title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_ALL',
@@ -104,11 +113,27 @@
             description: 'Install the version of Python required to build this wheel.'
           },
         },
+        {
+          label: 'Install Python & set up cross-compilation',
+          platforms: ['android', 'ios'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            description: 'Install Python for the build and target platforms, and set up a cross-compilation environment.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          label: 'Set up Pyodide xbuildenv',
+          platforms: ['pyodide'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            description: 'Install a base Python, set up a build virtualenv with pyodide-build, install the Pyodide cross-build environment and Emscripten toolchain.'
+          },
+        },
       ],
       [
         {
           href: 'options/#before-build',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
           style: 'dot',
           tooltip: {
             title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD',
@@ -121,12 +146,12 @@
         {
           label: 'Build wheel',
           href: 'options/#build-frontend',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
           style: 'block',
           tooltip: {
             title: 'CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND',
             tag: 'Customisable step',
-            description: 'Build the wheel according to your package configuration, using the frontend of your choice - pip or build.'
+            description: 'Build the wheel according to your package configuration, using the frontend of your choice – pip, build, or uv.'
           },
         },
       ],
@@ -154,23 +179,31 @@
           },
         },
         {
-          env: "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND",
+          label: 'Repair wheel',
           href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
-          label: 'repair wheel',
+          platforms: ['android'],
-          platforms: ['windows'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Customisable step',
+            description: 'By default, bundles libc++ into the wheel if any shared library links against it, using patchelf. Can be overridden with a custom repair command.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
+          platforms: ['windows', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
           style: 'dot',
-          optional: true,
           tooltip: {
             title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
             tag: 'Optional step',
-            description: 'Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel'
+            description: 'Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.'
           },
         },
       ],
       [
         {
           href: 'options/#before-test',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
           style: 'dot',
           tooltip: {
             title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_TEST',
@@ -182,10 +215,10 @@
       [
         {
           label: 'Install wheel',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
           style: 'block',
           tooltip: {
-            description: 'Install the wheel we just built into the test virtualenv.'
+            description: 'Install the wheel we just built into the test environment.'
           },
         },
       ],
@@ -198,7 +231,40 @@
           tooltip: {
             title: 'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND',
             tag: 'Optional step',
-            description: 'Execute a shell command to test each built wheel'
+            description: 'Execute a shell command to test each built wheel.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          label: 'Test on emulator',
+          href: 'options/#test-command',
+          platforms: ['android'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Optional step',
+            description: 'Run the test command on an Android emulator using the CPython testbed.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          label: 'Test on simulator',
+          href: 'options/#test-command',
+          platforms: ['ios'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Optional step',
+            description: 'Run the test command on an iOS simulator using the testbed app.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          label: 'Test in Node.js',
+          href: 'options/#test-command',
+          platforms: ['pyodide'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Optional step',
+            description: 'Run the test command in a Pyodide virtualenv powered by Node.js.'
           },
         },
       ],
@@ -219,26 +285,21 @@
     data() {
       return {
         diagram,
-        platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+        platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
       }
     },
     methods: {
       blockStyle(action) {
-        let start, end
+        const platformOrder = ['linux', 'macos', 'windows', 'android', 'ios', 'pyodide']
-        if (action.platforms.includes('linux')) {
+        const rowOffset = 3 // first platform starts at grid row 3
-          start = 3
-        } else if (action.platforms.includes('macos')) {
-          start = 4
-        } else if (action.platforms.includes('windows')) {
-          start = 5
-        }
 
-        if (action.platforms.includes('windows')) {
+        let start = null
-          end = 6
+        let end = null
-        } else if (action.platforms.includes('macos')) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < platformOrder.length; i++) {
-          end = 5
+          if (action.platforms.includes(platformOrder[i])) {
-        } else if (action.platforms.includes('linux')) {
+            if (start === null) start = rowOffset + i
-          end = 4
+            end = rowOffset + i + 1
+          }
         }
 
         return {
@@ -413,7 +474,7 @@
   .grid-outline {
     grid-row-end: span 1;
     position: relative;
-    color: #8f8f8f;
+    color: #666666;
   }
   .grid-outline.docker {
     grid-row: 3 / span 1;
@@ -478,7 +539,7 @@
     font-weight: 500;
     text-transform: uppercase;
     font-size: 0.9em;
-    color: #C9C9C9;
+    color: #888888;
   }
   .tooltip-description {
     margin-top: 1px;

docs/extra.js

@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ fragmentRedirect([
   { source: 'setup/#appveyor', destination: 'ci-services/' },
   { source: 'setup/#circleci', destination: 'ci-services/' },
   { source: 'setup/#gitlab-ci', destination: 'ci-services/' },
-  { source: 'setup/#cirrus-ci', destination: 'ci-services/' },
 
   { source: 'faq/#linux-builds-in-containers', destination: 'platforms/#linux-containers' },
   { source: 'faq/#apple-silicon', destination: 'platforms/#macos-architectures' },

docs/faq.md

@@ -99,6 +99,21 @@ Second, there might be platforms you want to ship for that NumPy (or some other
 
 (Note the `*_ONLY_BINARY` variable also supports `":all:"`, and you don't need both that and `*_PREFER_BINARY`, you can use either one, depending on if you want a missing wheel to be a failure or an attempt to build in CI.)
 
+### Building with Meson-Python on Windows
+
+Meson generally works well with cibuildwheel, but there are a few things to be aware of:
+
+-   On GitHub Actions, the compiler that's chosen by default on Windows is often the MinGW compiler, rather than the MSVC toolchain that Python was compiled with.
+
+    The simplest fix for this is to configure cibuildwheel to pass the `--vsenv` flag to meson, like this:
+
+    ```toml
+    [tool.cibuildwheel.windows]
+    config-settings = { "setup-args" = "--vsenv" }
+    ```
+
+-   If you need to build 32-bit Windows wheels, you need to activate a 32-bit compiler toolchain before starting cibuildwheel. Many users use [ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd](https://github.com/ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd) for this purpose.
+
 ### Automatic updates using Dependabot {: #automatic-updates}
 
 Selecting a moving target (like the latest release) is generally a bad idea in CI. If something breaks, you can't tell whether it was your code or an upstream update that caused the breakage, and in a worst-case scenario, it could occur during a release.
@@ -110,11 +125,14 @@ There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
 
 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.0.0
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.1
 ```
 
 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
 
+!!! note "Minor version tags"
+    Unlike some GitHub Actions, cibuildwheel does **not** provide a floating `@v3` major-version tag, since our minor version change can add/remove wheels. You can, however, pin to a minor version such as `@v3.4` to automatically receive patch releases within that minor version. Dependabot (shown below) is the recommended way to stay up to date.
+
 Then, your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
 
 ```yaml
@@ -132,7 +150,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `
 
 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==3.0.0
+cibuildwheel==3.4.1
 ```
 
 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
@@ -297,7 +315,7 @@ Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to use pipx:
 # most runners have pipx preinstalled, but in case you don't
 python3 -m pip install pipx
 
-pipx run cibuildwheel==3.0.0 --output-dir wheelhouse
+pipx run cibuildwheel==3.4.1 --output-dir wheelhouse
 pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 

docs/index.md

@@ -22,3 +22,8 @@ This diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platform to bu
 %}
 
 This isn't exhaustive, for a full list of the things cibuildwheel can do, check the [options](options.md) page.
+
+!!! warning "A note on security"
+      Building and testing wheels executes arbitrary code from your project and its dependencies. Although cibuildwheel uses OCI containers and Pyodide for some builds, these provide no security guarantees - the code you're building and testing has full access to the environment that's invoking cibuildwheel.
+
+      If you cannot trust all the code that's pulled in, maintain good security hygiene: keep the job that builds distributions separate from the job that uploads them to PyPI, handle secrets and credentials with care and rotate them regularly, and follow the principle of least privilege when granting permissions. Do not store sensitive data on CI runners.