Bump version: v2.8.1

Merge pull request #1185 from pypa/pre-commit-ci-update-config
[pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate
2022-07-18 21:41:54 +01:00 · 2022-07-18 21:16:57 +01:00 · 2022-07-18 21:14:30 +01:00 · 2022-07-18 21:07:32 +01:00 · 2022-07-18 18:44:03 +00:00 · 2022-07-18 16:12:23 +00:00
72 changed files with 1357 additions and 704 deletions
@@ -5,6 +5,3 @@ updates:
    directory: "/"
    schedule:
      interval: "weekly"
-    ignore:
-      - dependency-name: "actions/*"
-        update-types: ["version-update:semver-minor", "version-update:semver-patch"]
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.x"
    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.0
    - name: Check manifest
      run: pipx run nox -s check_manifest
@@ -35,40 +37,52 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-11]
+        os: [ubuntu-18.04, windows-latest, macos-11]
        python_version: ['3.10']
    timeout-minutes: 180
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
      name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
      with:
        python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}

+    # Install podman on this CI instance for podman tests on linux
+    # Snippet from: https://github.com/redhat-actions/podman-login/blob/main/.github/workflows/example.yml
+    - name: Install latest podman
+      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+      run: |
+        . /etc/os-release
+        echo "deb https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_${VERSION_ID}/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
+        curl -sSfL "https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_${VERSION_ID}/Release.key" | sudo apt-key add -
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get -y upgrade
+        sudo apt-get -y install podman
+
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        python -m pip install ".[test]"

-    - name: Sample build
-      if: "contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'CI: Sample build')"
-      run: |
-        python bin/sample_build.py
-
-    - name: Get some sample wheels
+    - name: Generate a sample project
      run: |
        python -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
-        cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse sample_proj
+
+    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
+      uses: ./
+      with:
+        package-dir: sample_proj
+        output-dir: wheelhouse
      env:
        CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64

    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
      with:
-        name: sample_wheels
+        name: sample_wheels_action
        path: wheelhouse

    - name: Test cibuildwheel
      run: |
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py --run-podman

  test-emulated:
    name: Test emulated cibuildwheel using qemu
@@ -77,7 +91,9 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 180
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.x"
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        python -m pip install ".[test]"
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
      with:
        python-version: "3.11-dev"
    - uses: excitedleigh/setup-nox@v2.1.0
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ repos:
  - id: trailing-whitespace

 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-  rev: v2.34.0
+  rev: v2.37.1
  hooks:
  - id: pyupgrade
    name: PyUpgrade 3.6+
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ repos:

 # Autoremoves unused imports
 - repo: https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln
-  rev: v1.3.3
+  rev: v2.0.3
  hooks:
  - id: pycln
    args: [--all]
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ repos:
  - id: isort

 - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-  rev: 22.3.0
+  rev: 22.6.0
  hooks:
  - id: black

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ repos:
      - pygithub
      - rich
      - tomli
+      - tomli_w
      - types-certifi
      - types-click
      - types-dataclasses
@@ -80,16 +80,16 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macOS-10.15]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macOS-11]

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      # Used to host cibuildwheel
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3

      - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.8.1

      - name: Build wheels
        run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ jobs:
        # env:
        #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value

-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ Options
 |   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-build)  | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
 |   | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command)  | Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel |
 |   | [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`<br/>`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)  | Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux Docker images |
+|   | [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine)  | Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels |
 |   | [`CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)  | Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses |
 | **Testing** | [`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-command)  | Execute a shell command to test each built wheel |
 |   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_TEST`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-test)  | Execute a shell command before testing each wheel |
@@ -203,6 +204,28 @@ Changelog

 <!-- this section was generated by bin/update_readme_changelog.py -- do not edit manually -->

+### v2.8.1
+
+_18 July 2022_
+
+- 🐛 Fix a bug when building CPython 3.8 wheels on an Apple Silicon machine where testing would always fail. cibuildwheel will no longer attempt to test the arm64 part of CPython 3.8 wheels because we use the x86_64 installer of CPython 3.8 due to its macOS system version backward-compatibility. See [#1169](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/1169) for more details. (#1171)
+- 🛠 Update the prerelease CPython 3.11 to 3.11.0b4. (#1180)
+- 🛠 The GitHub Action will ensure a compatible version of Python is installed on the runner (#1114)
+- 📚 A few docs improvements
+
+### v2.8.0
+
+_5 July 2022_
+
+- ✨ You can now run cibuildwheel on Podman, as an alternate container engine to Docker (which remains the default). This is useful in environments where a Docker daemon isn't available, for example, it can be run inside a Docker container, or without root access. To use Podman, set the [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) option. (#966)
+- ✨ Adds support for building `py3-none-{platform}` wheels. This works the same as ABI3 - wheels won't be rebuilt, but tests will still be run across all selected versions of Python.
+
+  > These wheels contain native extension code, but don't use the Python APIs. Typically, they're bridged to Python using a FFI module like [ctypes](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html) or [cffi](https://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/). Because they don't use Python ABI, the wheels are more compatible - they work across many Python versions.
+
+  Check out this [example ctypes project](https://github.com/joerick/python-ctypes-package-sample) to see an example of how it works. (#1151)
+- 🛠 cibuildwheel will now error if multiple builds in a single run produce the same wheel filename, as this indicates a misconfiguration. (#1152)
+- 📚 A few docs improvements and updates to keep things up-to-date.
+
 ### v2.7.0

 _17 June 2022_
@@ -225,29 +248,6 @@ _25 May 2022_
 - 🌟 Added the ability to test building wheels on CPython 3.11! Because CPython 3.11 is in beta, these wheels should not be distributed, because they might not be compatible with the final release, but it's available to build for testing purposes. Use the flag [`--prerelease-pythons` or `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) to test. This version of cibuildwheel includes CPython 3.11.0b1. (#1109)
 - 📚 Added an interactive diagram showing how cibuildwheel works to the [docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#how-it-works) (#1100)

-### v2.5.0
-
-_29 April 2022_
-
- ✨ Added support for building ABI3 wheels. cibuildwheel will now recognise when an ABI3 wheel was produced, and skip subsequent build steps where the previously built wheel is compatible. Tests still will run on all selected versions of Python, using the ABI3 wheel. Check [this entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#abi3) in the docs for more info. (#1091)
- ✨ You can now build wheels directly from sdist archives, in addition to source directories. Just call cibuildwheel with an sdist argument on the command line, like `cibuildwheel mypackage-1.0.0.tar.gz`. For more details, check the [`--help` output](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line) (#1096)
- 🐛 Fix a bug where cibuildwheel would crash when no builds are selected and `--allow-empty` is passed (#1086)
- 🐛 Workaround a permissions issue on Linux relating to newer versions of git and setuptools_scm (#1095)
- 📚 Minor docs improvements
-
-### v2.4.0
-
-_2 April 2022_
-
- ✨ cibuildwheel now supports running locally on Windows and macOS (as well as Linux). On macOS, you'll have to install the versions of Pythons that you want to use from Python.org, and cibuildwheel will use them. On Windows, cibuildwheel will install it's own versions of Python. Check out [the documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#local) for instructions. (#974)
- ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.9 wheels. (#1031)
- ✨ Listing at the end of the build now displays the size of each wheel (#975)
- 🐛 Workaround a connection timeout bug on Travis CI ppc64le runners (#906)
- 🐛 Fix an encoding error when reading setup.py in the wrong encoding (#977)
- 🛠 Setuptools updated to 61.3.0, including experimental support for reading config from pyproject.toml(PEP 621). This could change the behaviour of your build if you have a pyproject.toml with a `[project]` table, because that takes precedence over setup.py and setup.cfg. Check out the [setuptools docs](https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/pyproject_config.html) and the [project metadata specification](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/declaring-project-metadata/) for more info.
- 🛠 Many other dependency updates.
- 📚 Minor docs improvements
-
 <!-- END bin/update_readme_changelog.py -->

 ---
@@ -20,10 +20,17 @@ branding:
 runs:
  using: composite
  steps:
+    # Set up a non-EOL, cibuildwheel & pipx supported Python version
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      id: python
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.7 - 3.10"
+        update-environment: false

    # Redirecting stderr to stdout to fix interleaving issue in Actions.
    - run: >
        pipx run
+        --python '${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}'
        --spec '${{ github.action_path }}'
        cibuildwheel
        ${{ inputs.package-dir }}
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
        python ./bin/run_tests.py

 - job: macos_38
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-10.15'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-11'}
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
      inputs:
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
    print()

    release_url = "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/releases/new?" + urllib.parse.urlencode(
-        {"tag": new_version}
+        {"tag": f"v{new_version}"}
    )
    print("Then create a release at the URL:")
    print(f"    {release_url}")
@@ -1,33 +1,47 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

+import argparse
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path

 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests (linux only)"
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
    # move cwd to the project root
    os.chdir(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1])

-    # run the unit tests
+    # unit tests
    unit_test_args = [sys.executable, "-m", "pytest", "unit_test"]
-    # run the docker unit tests only on Linux
+
    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+        # run the docker unit tests only on Linux
        unit_test_args += ["--run-docker"]
+
+        if args.run_podman:
+            unit_test_args += ["--run-podman"]
+
    subprocess.run(unit_test_args, check=True)

-    # run the integration tests
-    subprocess.run(
-        [
-            sys.executable,
-            "-m",
-            "pytest",
-            "--numprocesses=2",
-            "-x",
-            "--durations",
-            "0",
-            "--timeout=2400",
-            "test",
-        ],
-        check=True,
-    )
+    # integration tests
+    integration_test_args = [
+        sys.executable,
+        "-m",
+        "pytest",
+        "--numprocesses=2",
+        "-x",
+        "--durations",
+        "0",
+        "--timeout=2400",
+        "test",
+    ]
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("linux") and args.run_podman:
+        integration_test_args += ["--run-podman"]
+
+    subprocess.run(integration_test_args, check=True)
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations

 import configparser
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import NamedTuple

 import requests

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
 RESOURCES = DIR.parent / "cibuildwheel/resources"


-class Image(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Image:
    manylinux_version: str
    platform: str
    image_name: str
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import difflib
 import logging
 import subprocess
 import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import NamedTuple

 import click
 import rich
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE: Final[
 ] = f"{GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB}/blob/{{version}}/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"


-class VersionTuple(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
+class VersionTuple:
    version: Version
    version_string: str

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "2.7.0"
+__version__ = "2.8.1"
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def main() -> None:
            auto-detected platform or to run cibuildwheel on your development
            machine. Specifying "macos" or "windows" only works on that
            operating system, but "linux" works on all three, as long as
-            Docker is installed. Default: auto.
+            Docker/Podman is installed. Default: auto.
        """,
    )

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def main() -> None:
            Path to the package that you want wheels for. Default: the working
            directory. Can be a directory inside the working directory, or an
            sdist. When set to a directory, the working directory is still
-            considered the 'project' and is copied into the Docker container
+            considered the 'project' and is copied into the build container
            on Linux.  When set to a tar.gz sdist file, --config-file
            and --output-dir are relative to the current directory, and other
            paths are relative to the expanded SDist directory.
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ def main() -> None:
        help="Enable pre-release Python versions if available.",
    )

-    args = parser.parse_args(namespace=CommandLineArguments())
+    args = CommandLineArguments(**vars(parser.parse_args()))

    args.package_dir = args.package_dir.resolve()

@@ -208,7 +208,6 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
        sys.exit(0)

    # Add CIBUILDWHEEL environment variable
-    # This needs to be passed on to the docker container in linux.py
    os.environ["CIBUILDWHEEL"] = "1"

    # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to 'print'
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
        result = {native_architecture}

        if platform == "linux" and native_architecture == Architecture.x86_64:
-            # x86_64 machines can run i686 docker containers
+            # x86_64 machines can run i686 containers
            result.add(Architecture.i686)

        if platform == "windows" and native_architecture == Architecture.AMD64:
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import subprocess
-from typing import Callable, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence

 import bashlex

@@ -13,7 +14,8 @@ def local_environment_executor(command: List[str], env: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
    ).stdout


-class NodeExecutionContext(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class NodeExecutionContext:
    environment: Dict[str, str]
    input: str
    executor: EnvironmentExecutor
@@ -1,25 +1,29 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
-from typing import Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Set, Tuple
+from typing import Iterator, List, Set, Tuple

 from .architecture import Architecture
-from .docker_container import DockerContainer
 from .logger import log
+from .oci_container import OCIContainer
 from .options import Options
 from .typing import OrderedDict, PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
+    AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
    BuildSelector,
    NonPlatformWheelError,
-    find_compatible_abi3_wheel,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
    prepare_command,
    read_python_configs,
+    unwrap,
 )


-class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PythonConfiguration:
    version: str
    identifier: str
    path_str: str
@@ -29,10 +33,11 @@ class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
        return PurePosixPath(self.path_str)


-class BuildStep(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildStep:
    platform_configs: List[PythonConfiguration]
    platform_tag: str
-    docker_image: str
+    container_image: str


 def get_python_configurations(
@@ -54,7 +59,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
    ]


-def docker_image_for_python_configuration(config: PythonConfiguration, options: Options) -> str:
+def container_image_for_python_configuration(config: PythonConfiguration, options: Options) -> str:
    build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
    # e.g
    # identifier is 'cp310-manylinux_x86_64'
@@ -78,7 +83,7 @@ def get_build_steps(
 ) -> Iterator[BuildStep]:
    """
    Groups PythonConfigurations into BuildSteps. Each BuildStep represents a
-    separate Docker container.
+    separate container instance.
    """
    steps = OrderedDict[Tuple[str, str, str], BuildStep]()

@@ -86,32 +91,34 @@ def get_build_steps(
        _, platform_tag = config.identifier.split("-", 1)

        before_all = options.build_options(config.identifier).before_all
-        docker_image = docker_image_for_python_configuration(config, options)
+        container_image = container_image_for_python_configuration(config, options)

-        step_key = (platform_tag, docker_image, before_all)
+        step_key = (platform_tag, container_image, before_all)

        if step_key in steps:
            steps[step_key].platform_configs.append(config)
        else:
            steps[step_key] = BuildStep(
-                platform_configs=[config], platform_tag=platform_tag, docker_image=docker_image
+                platform_configs=[config],
+                platform_tag=platform_tag,
+                container_image=container_image,
            )

    yield from steps.values()


-def build_on_docker(
+def build_in_container(
    *,
    options: Options,
    platform_configs: List[PythonConfiguration],
-    docker: DockerContainer,
+    container: OCIContainer,
    container_project_path: PurePath,
    container_package_dir: PurePath,
 ) -> None:
    container_output_dir = PurePosixPath("/output")

-    log.step("Copying project into Docker...")
-    docker.copy_into(Path.cwd(), container_project_path)
+    log.step("Copying project into container...")
+    container.copy_into(Path.cwd(), container_project_path)

    before_all_options_identifier = platform_configs[0].identifier
    before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
@@ -119,11 +126,11 @@ def build_on_docker(
    if before_all_options.before_all:
        log.step("Running before_all...")

-        env = docker.get_environment()
+        env = container.get_environment()
        env["PATH"] = f'/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin:{env["PATH"]}'
        env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
        env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(
-            env, executor=docker.environment_executor
+            env, executor=container.environment_executor
        )

        before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -131,7 +138,7 @@ def build_on_docker(
            project=container_project_path,
            package=container_package_dir,
        )
-        docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_all_prepared], env=env)
+        container.call(["sh", "-c", before_all_prepared], env=env)

    built_wheels: List[PurePosixPath] = []

@@ -147,21 +154,21 @@ def build_on_docker(
            )
            container_constraints_file = PurePath("/constraints.txt")

-            docker.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
+            container.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
            dependency_constraint_flags = ["-c", container_constraints_file]

        log.step("Setting up build environment...")

-        env = docker.get_environment()
+        env = container.get_environment()

        # put this config's python top of the list
        python_bin = config.path / "bin"
        env["PATH"] = f'{python_bin}:{env["PATH"]}'

-        env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(env, executor=docker.environment_executor)
+        env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(env, executor=container.environment_executor)

        # check config python is still on PATH
-        which_python = docker.call(["which", "python"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
+        which_python = container.call(["which", "python"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
        if PurePosixPath(which_python) != python_bin / "python":
            print(
                "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
@@ -169,7 +176,7 @@ def build_on_docker(
            )
            sys.exit(1)

-        which_pip = docker.call(["which", "pip"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
+        which_pip = container.call(["which", "pip"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
        if PurePosixPath(which_pip) != python_bin / "pip":
            print(
                "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
@@ -177,13 +184,13 @@ def build_on_docker(
            )
            sys.exit(1)

-        abi3_wheel = find_compatible_abi3_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
-        if abi3_wheel:
+        compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
+        if compatible_wheel:
            log.step_end()
            print(
-                f"\nFound previously built wheel {abi3_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
+                f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
            )
-            repaired_wheels = [abi3_wheel]
+            repaired_wheels = [compatible_wheel]
        else:

            if build_options.before_build:
@@ -193,19 +200,19 @@ def build_on_docker(
                    project=container_project_path,
                    package=container_package_dir,
                )
-                docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_build_prepared], env=env)
+                container.call(["sh", "-c", before_build_prepared], env=env)

            log.step("Building wheel...")

            temp_dir = PurePosixPath("/tmp/cibuildwheel")
            built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
-            docker.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
-            docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
+            container.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
+            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])

            verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)

            if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
-                docker.call(
+                container.call(
                    [
                        "python",
                        "-m",
@@ -220,7 +227,7 @@ def build_on_docker(
                )
            elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
                config_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
-                docker.call(
+                container.call(
                    [
                        "python",
                        "-m",
@@ -235,11 +242,11 @@ def build_on_docker(
            else:
                assert_never(build_options.build_frontend)

-            built_wheel = docker.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
+            built_wheel = container.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]

            repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
-            docker.call(["rm", "-rf", repaired_wheel_dir])
-            docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", repaired_wheel_dir])
+            container.call(["rm", "-rf", repaired_wheel_dir])
+            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", repaired_wheel_dir])

            if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                raise NonPlatformWheelError()
@@ -249,21 +256,27 @@ def build_on_docker(
                repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
                    build_options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
                )
-                docker.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
+                container.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
            else:
-                docker.call(["mv", built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir])
+                container.call(["mv", built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir])

-            repaired_wheels = docker.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl")
+            repaired_wheels = container.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl")
+
+            for repaired_wheel in repaired_wheels:
+                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
+                    raise AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)

        if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
            log.step("Testing wheel...")

            # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
            # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-            docker.call(["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env)
-            venv_dir = PurePath(docker.call(["mktemp", "-d"], capture_output=True).strip()) / "venv"
+            container.call(["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env)
+            venv_dir = (
+                PurePath(container.call(["mktemp", "-d"], capture_output=True).strip()) / "venv"
+            )

-            docker.call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env)
+            container.call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env)

            virtualenv_env = env.copy()
            virtualenv_env["PATH"] = f"{venv_dir / 'bin'}:{virtualenv_env['PATH']}"
@@ -274,7 +287,7 @@ def build_on_docker(
                    project=container_project_path,
                    package=container_package_dir,
                )
-                docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_test_prepared], env=virtualenv_env)
+                container.call(["sh", "-c", before_test_prepared], env=virtualenv_env)

            # Install the wheel we just built
            # Note: If auditwheel produced two wheels, it's because the earlier produced wheel
@@ -283,14 +296,14 @@ def build_on_docker(
            # different external shared libraries. so it doesn't matter which one we run the tests on.
            # Let's just pick the first one.
            wheel_to_test = repaired_wheels[0]
-            docker.call(
+            container.call(
                ["pip", "install", str(wheel_to_test) + build_options.test_extras],
                env=virtualenv_env,
            )

            # Install any requirements to run the tests
            if build_options.test_requires:
-                docker.call(["pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires], env=virtualenv_env)
+                container.call(["pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires], env=virtualenv_env)

            # Run the tests from a different directory
            test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -298,15 +311,15 @@ def build_on_docker(
                project=container_project_path,
                package=container_package_dir,
            )
-            docker.call(["sh", "-c", test_command_prepared], cwd="/root", env=virtualenv_env)
+            container.call(["sh", "-c", test_command_prepared], cwd="/root", env=virtualenv_env)

            # clean up test environment
-            docker.call(["rm", "-rf", venv_dir])
+            container.call(["rm", "-rf", venv_dir])

        # move repaired wheels to output
-        if abi3_wheel is None:
-            docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", container_output_dir])
-            docker.call(["mv", *repaired_wheels, container_output_dir])
+        if compatible_wheel is None:
+            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", container_output_dir])
+            container.call(["mv", *repaired_wheels, container_output_dir])
            built_wheels.extend(
                container_output_dir / repaired_wheel.name for repaired_wheel in repaired_wheels
            )
@@ -315,19 +328,27 @@ def build_on_docker(

    log.step("Copying wheels back to host...")
    # copy the output back into the host
-    docker.copy_out(container_output_dir, options.globals.output_dir)
+    container.copy_out(container_output_dir, options.globals.output_dir)
    log.step_end()


 def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
    try:
-        # check docker is installed
-        subprocess.run(["docker", "--version"], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        # check the container engine is installed
+        subprocess.run(
+            [options.globals.container_engine, "--version"], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL
+        )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        print(
-            "cibuildwheel: Docker not found. Docker is required to run Linux builds. "
-            "If you're building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to your .travis.yml."
-            "If you're building on Circle CI in Linux, add a `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml",
+            unwrap(
+                f"""
+                cibuildwheel: {options.globals.container_engine} not found. An
+                OCI exe like Docker or Podman is required to run Linux builds.
+                If you're building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to
+                your .travis.yml. If you're building on Circle CI in Linux,
+                add a `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml.
+                """
+            ),
            file=sys.stderr,
        )
        sys.exit(2)
@@ -347,20 +368,21 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # pylint: disable=unused-a
    for build_step in get_build_steps(options, python_configurations):
        try:
            ids_to_build = [x.identifier for x in build_step.platform_configs]
-            log.step(
-                f"Starting Docker image {build_step.docker_image} for {', '.join(ids_to_build)}..."
-            )
+            log.step(f"Starting container image {build_step.container_image}...")

-            with DockerContainer(
-                docker_image=build_step.docker_image,
+            print(f"info: This container will host the build for {', '.join(ids_to_build)}...")
+
+            with OCIContainer(
+                image=build_step.container_image,
                simulate_32_bit=build_step.platform_tag.endswith("i686"),
                cwd=container_project_path,
-            ) as docker:
+                engine=options.globals.container_engine,
+            ) as container:

-                build_on_docker(
+                build_in_container(
                    options=options,
                    platform_configs=build_step.platform_configs,
-                    docker=docker,
+                    container=container,
                    container_project_path=container_project_path,
                    container_package_dir=container_package_dir,
                )
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ import re
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Sequence, Set, Tuple, cast
+from typing import Dict, List, Sequence, Set, Tuple, cast

 from filelock import FileLock

@@ -17,13 +18,14 @@ from .options import Options
 from .typing import Literal, PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
    BuildFrontend,
    BuildSelector,
    NonPlatformWheelError,
    call,
    detect_ci_provider,
    download,
-    find_compatible_abi3_wheel,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
    get_pip_version,
    install_certifi_script,
@@ -54,7 +56,8 @@ def get_macos_sdks() -> List[str]:
    return [m.group(1) for m in re.finditer(r"-sdk (macosx\S+)", output)]


-class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PythonConfiguration:
    version: str
    identifier: str
    url: str
@@ -321,13 +324,13 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                build_options.build_frontend,
            )

-            abi3_wheel = find_compatible_abi3_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
-            if abi3_wheel:
+            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
+            if compatible_wheel:
                log.step_end()
                print(
-                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {abi3_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
+                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
                )
-                repaired_wheel = abi3_wheel
+                repaired_wheel = compatible_wheel
            else:
                if build_options.before_build:
                    log.step("Running before_build...")
@@ -408,6 +411,9 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:

                repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))

+                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
+                    raise AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
+
                log.step_end()

            if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
@@ -459,6 +465,23 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                        # skip this test
                        continue

+                    if testing_arch == "arm64" and config.identifier.startswith("cp38-"):
+                        log.warning(
+                            unwrap(
+                                """
+                                While cibuildwheel can build CPython 3.8 universal2/arm64 wheels, we
+                                cannot test the arm64 part of them, even when running on an Apple
+                                Silicon machine. This is because we use the x86_64 installer of
+                                CPython 3.8. See the discussion in
+                                https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/1169 for the details. To
+                                silence this warning, set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: cp38-macosx_*:arm64`.
+                                """
+                            )
+                        )
+
+                        # skip this test
+                        continue
+
                    log.step(
                        "Testing wheel..."
                        if testing_arch == machine_arch
@@ -534,7 +557,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                    )

            # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
-            if abi3_wheel is None:
+            if compatible_wheel is None:
                try:
                    (build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name).unlink()
                except FileNotFoundError:
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import io
 import json
+import os
 import platform
 import shlex
 import shutil
@@ -12,19 +13,32 @@ from typing import IO, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, cast

 from cibuildwheel.util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider

-from .typing import PathOrStr, PopenBytes
+from .typing import Literal, PathOrStr, PopenBytes
+
+ContainerEngine = Literal["docker", "podman"]


-class DockerContainer:
+class OCIContainer:
    """
-    An object that represents a running Docker container.
+    An object that represents a running OCI (e.g. Docker) container.

    Intended for use as a context manager e.g.
-    `with DockerContainer(docker_image = 'ubuntu') as docker:`
+    `with OCIContainer(image = 'ubuntu') as docker:`

    A bash shell is running in the remote container. When `call()` is invoked,
    the command is relayed to the remote shell, and the results are streamed
    back to cibuildwheel.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> from cibuildwheel.oci_container import *  # NOQA
+        >>> from cibuildwheel.options import _get_pinned_container_images
+        >>> image = _get_pinned_container_images()['x86_64']['manylinux2014']
+        >>> # Test the default container
+        >>> with OCIContainer(image=image) as self:
+        ...     self.call(["echo", "hello world"])
+        ...     self.call(["cat", "/proc/1/cgroup"])
+        ...     print(self.get_environment())
+        ...     print(self.debug_info())
    """

    UTILITY_PYTHON = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python"
@@ -34,19 +48,25 @@ class DockerContainer:
    bash_stdout: IO[bytes]

    def __init__(
-        self, *, docker_image: str, simulate_32_bit: bool = False, cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None
+        self,
+        *,
+        image: str,
+        simulate_32_bit: bool = False,
+        cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+        engine: ContainerEngine = "docker",
    ):
-        if not docker_image:
-            raise ValueError("Must have a non-empty docker image to run.")
+        if not image:
+            raise ValueError("Must have a non-empty image to run.")

-        self.docker_image = docker_image
+        self.image = image
        self.simulate_32_bit = simulate_32_bit
        self.cwd = cwd
        self.name: Optional[str] = None
+        self.engine = engine
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "OCIContainer":

-    def __enter__(self) -> "DockerContainer":
        self.name = f"cibuildwheel-{uuid.uuid4()}"
-        cwd_args = ["-w", str(self.cwd)] if self.cwd else []

        # work-around for Travis-CI PPC64le Docker runs since 2021:
        # this avoids network splits
@@ -57,24 +77,25 @@ class DockerContainer:
            network_args = ["--network=host"]

        shell_args = ["linux32", "/bin/bash"] if self.simulate_32_bit else ["/bin/bash"]
+
        subprocess.run(
            [
-                "docker",
+                self.engine,
                "create",
                "--env=CIBUILDWHEEL",
                f"--name={self.name}",
                "--interactive",
                "--volume=/:/host",  # ignored on CircleCI
                *network_args,
-                *cwd_args,
-                self.docker_image,
+                self.image,
                *shell_args,
            ],
            check=True,
        )
+
        self.process = subprocess.Popen(
            [
-                "docker",
+                self.engine,
                "start",
                "--attach",
                "--interactive",
@@ -89,7 +110,13 @@ class DockerContainer:
        self.bash_stdout = self.process.stdout

        # run a noop command to block until the container is responding
-        self.call(["/bin/true"])
+        self.call(["/bin/true"], cwd="/")
+
+        if self.cwd:
+            # Although `docker create -w` does create the working dir if it
+            # does not exist, podman does not. There does not seem to be a way
+            # to setup a workdir for a container running in podman.
+            self.call(["mkdir", "-p", os.fspath(self.cwd)], cwd="/")

        return self

@@ -106,10 +133,19 @@ class DockerContainer:
        self.bash_stdin.close()
        self.bash_stdout.close()

+        if self.engine == "podman":
+            # This works around what seems to be a race condition in the podman
+            # backend. The full reason is not understood. See PR #966 for a
+            # discussion on possible causes and attempts to remove this line.
+            # For now, this seems to work "well enough".
+            self.process.wait()
+
        assert isinstance(self.name, str)

        subprocess.run(
-            ["docker", "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, check=False
+            [self.engine, "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name],
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            check=False,
        )
        self.name = None

@@ -122,7 +158,7 @@ class DockerContainer:
        if from_path.is_dir():
            self.call(["mkdir", "-p", to_path])
            subprocess.run(
-                f"tar cf - . | docker exec -i {self.name} tar --no-same-owner -xC {shell_quote(to_path)} -f -",
+                f"tar cf - . | {self.engine} exec -i {self.name} tar --no-same-owner -xC {shell_quote(to_path)} -f -",
                shell=True,
                check=True,
                cwd=from_path,
@@ -130,7 +166,7 @@ class DockerContainer:
        else:
            with subprocess.Popen(
                [
-                    "docker",
+                    self.engine,
                    "exec",
                    "-i",
                    str(self.name),
@@ -139,28 +175,47 @@ class DockerContainer:
                    f"cat > {shell_quote(to_path)}",
                ],
                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
-            ) as docker:
-                docker.stdin = cast(IO[bytes], docker.stdin)
+            ) as exec_process:
+                exec_process.stdin = cast(IO[bytes], exec_process.stdin)

                with open(from_path, "rb") as from_file:
-                    shutil.copyfileobj(from_file, docker.stdin)
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(from_file, exec_process.stdin)

-                docker.stdin.close()
-                docker.wait()
+                exec_process.stdin.close()
+                exec_process.wait()

-                if docker.returncode:
-                    raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(docker.returncode, docker.args, None, None)
+                if exec_process.returncode:
+                    raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(
+                        exec_process.returncode, exec_process.args, None, None
+                    )

    def copy_out(self, from_path: PurePath, to_path: Path) -> None:
        # note: we assume from_path is a dir
        to_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

-        subprocess.run(
-            f"docker exec -i {self.name} tar -cC {shell_quote(from_path)} -f - . | tar -xf -",
-            shell=True,
-            check=True,
-            cwd=to_path,
-        )
+        if self.engine == "podman":
+            subprocess.run(
+                [
+                    self.engine,
+                    "cp",
+                    f"{self.name}:{from_path}/.",
+                    str(to_path),
+                ],
+                check=True,
+                cwd=to_path,
+            )
+        elif self.engine == "docker":
+            # There is a bug in docker that prevents a simple 'cp' invocation
+            # from working https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/38995
+            command = f"{self.engine} exec -i {self.name} tar -cC {shell_quote(from_path)} -f - . | tar -xf -"
+            subprocess.run(
+                command,
+                shell=True,
+                check=True,
+                cwd=to_path,
+            )
+        else:
+            raise KeyError(self.engine)

    def glob(self, path: PurePosixPath, pattern: str) -> List[PurePosixPath]:
        glob_pattern = path.joinpath(pattern)
@@ -186,6 +241,11 @@ class DockerContainer:
        cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
    ) -> str:

+        if cwd is None:
+            # Podman does not start the a container in a specific working dir
+            # so we always need to specify it when making calls.
+            cwd = self.cwd
+
        chdir = f"cd {cwd}" if cwd else ""
        env_assignments = (
            " ".join(f"{shlex.quote(k)}={shlex.quote(v)}" for k, v in env.items())
@@ -271,6 +331,22 @@ class DockerContainer:
        # used as an EnvironmentExecutor to evaluate commands and capture output
        return self.call(command, env=environment, capture_output=True)

+    def debug_info(self) -> str:
+        if self.engine == "podman":
+            command = f"{self.engine} info --debug"
+        else:
+            command = f"{self.engine} info"
+        completed = subprocess.run(
+            command,
+            shell=True,
+            check=True,
+            cwd=self.cwd,
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
+        output = str(completed.stdout, encoding="utf8", errors="surrogateescape")
+        return output
+

 def shell_quote(path: PurePath) -> str:
-    return shlex.quote(str(path))
+    return shlex.quote(os.fspath(path))
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import sys
 import traceback
 from configparser import ConfigParser
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import (
    Any,
@@ -11,11 +12,11 @@ from typing import (
    Generator,
    List,
    Mapping,
-    NamedTuple,
    Optional,
    Set,
    Tuple,
    Union,
+    cast,
 )

 if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet

 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
+from .oci_container import ContainerEngine
 from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str
 from .typing import PLATFORMS, Literal, PlatformName, TypedDict
 from .util import (
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ from .util import (
 )


+@dataclass
 class CommandLineArguments:
    platform: Literal["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"]
    archs: Optional[str]
@@ -56,15 +59,18 @@ class CommandLineArguments:
    prerelease_pythons: bool


-class GlobalOptions(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class GlobalOptions:
    package_dir: Path
    output_dir: Path
    build_selector: BuildSelector
    test_selector: TestSelector
    architectures: Set[Architecture]
+    container_engine: ContainerEngine


-class BuildOptions(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildOptions:
    globals: GlobalOptions
    environment: ParsedEnvironment
    before_all: str
@@ -104,7 +110,8 @@ class BuildOptions(NamedTuple):
 Setting = Union[Dict[str, str], List[str], str, int]


-class Override(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Override:
    select_pattern: str
    options: Dict[str, Setting]

@@ -392,12 +399,22 @@ class Options:
        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", sep=" ")
        architectures = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=self.platform)

+        container_engine_str = self.reader.get("container-engine")
+
+        if container_engine_str not in ["docker", "podman"]:
+            msg = f"cibuildwheel: Unrecognised container_engine '{container_engine_str}', only 'docker' and 'podman' are supported"
+            print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(2)
+
+        container_engine = cast(ContainerEngine, container_engine_str)
+
        return GlobalOptions(
            package_dir=package_dir,
            output_dir=output_dir,
            build_selector=build_selector,
            test_selector=test_selector,
            architectures=architectures,
+            container_engine=container_engine,
        )

    def build_options(self, identifier: Optional[str]) -> BuildOptions:
@@ -472,10 +489,10 @@ class Options:
            manylinux_images: Dict[str, str] = {}
            musllinux_images: Dict[str, str] = {}
            if self.platform == "linux":
-                all_pinned_docker_images = _get_pinned_docker_images()
+                all_pinned_container_images = _get_pinned_container_images()

                for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS:
-                    pinned_images = all_pinned_docker_images[build_platform]
+                    pinned_images = all_pinned_container_images[build_platform]

                    config_value = self.reader.get(
                        f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image", ignore_empty=True
@@ -492,7 +509,7 @@ class Options:
                    manylinux_images[build_platform] = image

                for build_platform in MUSLLINUX_ARCHS:
-                    pinned_images = all_pinned_docker_images[build_platform]
+                    pinned_images = all_pinned_container_images[build_platform]

                    config_value = self.reader.get(f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image")

@@ -548,12 +565,12 @@ class Options:
    def summary(self, identifiers: List[str]) -> str:
        lines = [
            f"{option_name}: {option_value!r}"
-            for option_name, option_value in sorted(self.globals._asdict().items())
+            for option_name, option_value in sorted(asdict(self.globals).items())
        ]

        build_option_defaults = self.build_options(identifier=None)

-        for option_name, default_value in sorted(build_option_defaults._asdict().items()):
+        for option_name, default_value in sorted(asdict(build_option_defaults).items()):
            if option_name == "globals":
                continue

@@ -561,7 +578,7 @@ class Options:

            # if any identifiers have an overridden value, print that too
            for identifier in identifiers:
-                option_value = self.build_options(identifier=identifier)._asdict()[option_name]
+                option_value = getattr(self.build_options(identifier=identifier), option_name)
                if option_value != default_value:
                    lines.append(f"  {identifier}: {option_value!r}")

@@ -578,7 +595,7 @@ def compute_options(


@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-def _get_pinned_docker_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
+def _get_pinned_container_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
    """
    This looks like a dict of dicts, e.g.
    { 'x86_64': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
@@ -587,10 +604,10 @@ def _get_pinned_docker_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
      ... }
    """

-    pinned_docker_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
-    all_pinned_docker_images = ConfigParser()
-    all_pinned_docker_images.read(pinned_docker_images_file)
-    return all_pinned_docker_images
+    pinned_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
+    all_pinned_images = ConfigParser()
+    all_pinned_images.read(pinned_images_file)
+    return all_pinned_images


 def deprecated_selectors(name: str, selector: str, *, error: bool = False) -> None:
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ python_configurations = [
  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.5/python-3.10.5-macos11.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.5/python-3.10.5-macos11.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.5/python-3.10.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/python-3.11.0b3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/python-3.11.0b3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_universal2", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/python-3.11.0b3-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/python-3.11.0b4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/python-3.11.0b4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_universal2", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/python-3.11.0b4-macos11.pkg" },
  { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
  { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
@@ -104,11 +104,11 @@ python_configurations = [
  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.13", arch = "64" },
  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.5", arch = "32" },
  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.5", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.0-b3", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.0-b3", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.0-b4", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.0-b4", arch = "64" },
  { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10", arch = "ARM64" },
  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.5", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.0-b3", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.0-b4", arch = "ARM64" },
  { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
  { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
  { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.5
    # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.7.1
    # via virtualenv
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ platformdirs==2.5.2
    # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.2.0
+typing-extensions==4.3.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.1
+virtualenv==20.15.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
@@ -26,5 +26,5 @@ wheel==0.37.1
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
 pip==22.1.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==62.4.0
+setuptools==63.2.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.5
    # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.7.1
    # via virtualenv
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ platformdirs==2.5.2
    # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.2.0
+typing-extensions==4.3.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.1
+virtualenv==20.15.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
@@ -26,5 +26,5 @@ wheel==0.37.1
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
 pip==22.1.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==62.4.0
+setuptools==63.2.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.5
    # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.4.1
    # via virtualenv
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ typing-extensions==4.1.1
    # via
    #   delocate
    #   importlib-metadata
-virtualenv==20.14.1
+virtualenv==20.15.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
@@ -6,31 +6,31 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.5
    # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.7.1
    # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==4.11.4
+importlib-metadata==4.12.0
    # via virtualenv
 platformdirs==2.5.2
    # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.2.0
+typing-extensions==4.3.0
    # via
    #   delocate
    #   importlib-metadata
-virtualenv==20.14.1
+virtualenv==20.15.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
    #   delocate
-zipp==3.8.0
+zipp==3.8.1
    # via importlib-metadata

 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
 pip==22.1.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==62.4.0
+setuptools==63.2.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.5
    # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.7.1
    # via virtualenv
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ platformdirs==2.5.2
    # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.2.0
+typing-extensions==4.3.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.1
+virtualenv==20.15.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
@@ -26,5 +26,5 @@ wheel==0.37.1
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
 pip==22.1.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==62.4.0
+setuptools==63.2.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.5
    # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.7.1
    # via virtualenv
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ platformdirs==2.5.2
    # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.2.0
+typing-extensions==4.3.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.1
+virtualenv==20.15.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
@@ -26,5 +26,5 @@ wheel==0.37.1
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
 pip==22.1.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==62.4.0
+setuptools==63.2.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.5
    # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.7.1
    # via virtualenv
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ platformdirs==2.5.2
    # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.2.0
+typing-extensions==4.3.0
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.1
+virtualenv==20.15.1
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
@@ -26,5 +26,5 @@ wheel==0.37.1
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
 pip==22.1.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==62.4.0
+setuptools==63.2.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ before-test = ""
 test-requires = []
 test-extras = []

+container-engine = "docker"
+
 manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-aarch64-image = "manylinux2014"
@@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2022-06-12-a846b05
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2022-06-13-c365205
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2022-06-13-c365205
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2022-07-17-f8ddacc
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2022-07-17-51324db
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2022-07-17-51324db

 [i686]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2022-06-12-a846b05
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-06-13-c365205
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2022-06-13-c365205
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2022-07-17-f8ddacc
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-07-17-51324db
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2022-07-17-51324db

 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2022-06-13-c365205
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2022-07-17-51324db

 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-06-13-c365205
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-07-17-51324db

 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2022-06-13-c365205
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2022-06-13-c365205
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2022-07-17-51324db
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2022-07-17-51324db

 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2022-06-13-c365205
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2022-06-13-c365205
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2022-07-17-51324db
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2022-07-17-51324db

 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-06-13-c365205
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2022-06-13-c365205
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-07-17-51324db
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2022-07-17-51324db

 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-06-13-c365205
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2022-06-13-c365205
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-07-17-51324db
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2022-07-17-51324db

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-version = "20.14.1"
-url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.14.1/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"
+version = "20.15.1"
+url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.15.1/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import contextlib
-import dataclasses
 import fnmatch
 import itertools
 import os
@@ -11,6 +10,7 @@ import sys
 import textwrap
 import time
 import urllib.request
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
 from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from typing import (
    Generator,
    Iterable,
    List,
-    NamedTuple,
    Optional,
    Sequence,
    TextIO,
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ __all__ = [
    "MANYLINUX_ARCHS",
    "call",
    "shell",
-    "find_compatible_abi3_wheel",
+    "find_compatible_wheel",
    "format_safe",
    "prepare_command",
    "get_build_verbosity_extra_flags",
@@ -233,7 +232,7 @@ def selector_matches(patterns: str, string: str) -> bool:


 # Once we require Python 3.10+, we can add kw_only=True
-@dataclasses.dataclass
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class BuildSelector:
    """
    This class holds a set of build/skip patterns. You call an instance with a
@@ -270,7 +269,7 @@ class BuildSelector:
        return should_build and not should_skip


-@dataclasses.dataclass
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class TestSelector:
    """
    A build selector that can only skip tests according to a skip pattern.
@@ -317,7 +316,7 @@ def download(url: str, dest: Path) -> None:
                dest.write_bytes(response.read())
                return

-        except urllib.error.URLError:
+        except OSError:
            if i == repeat_num - 1:
                raise
            sleep(3)
@@ -373,6 +372,20 @@ class NonPlatformWheelError(Exception):
        super().__init__(message)


+class AlreadyBuiltWheelError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, wheel_name: str) -> None:
+        message = textwrap.dedent(
+            f"""
+            cibuildwheel: Build failed because a wheel named {wheel_name} was already generated in the current run.
+
+            If you expected another wheel to be generated, check your project configuration, or run
+            cibuildwheel with CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY=1 to view build logs.
+            """
+        )
+
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
 def strtobool(val: str) -> bool:
    return val.lower() in {"y", "yes", "t", "true", "on", "1"}

@@ -418,6 +431,12 @@ def unwrap(text: str) -> str:
    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text)


+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class FileReport:
+    name: str
+    size: str
+
+
@contextlib.contextmanager
 def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
    """
@@ -432,10 +451,6 @@ def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
    yield
    final_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())

-    class FileReport(NamedTuple):
-        name: str
-        size: str
-
    new_contents = [
        FileReport(wheel.name, f"{(wheel.stat().st_size + 1023) // 1024:,d}")
        for wheel in final_contents - existing_contents
@@ -574,36 +589,47 @@ def virtualenv(
 T = TypeVar("T", bound=PurePath)


-def find_compatible_abi3_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> Optional[T]:
+def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> Optional[T]:
    """
-    Finds an ABI3 wheel in `wheels` compatible with the Python interpreter
-    specified by `identifier`.
+    Finds a wheel with an abi3 or a none ABI tag in `wheels` compatible with the Python interpreter
+    specified by `identifier` that is previously built.
    """

    interpreter, platform = identifier.split("-")
-    if not interpreter.startswith("cp3"):
-        return None
    for wheel in wheels:
        _, _, _, tags = parse_wheel_filename(wheel.name)
        for tag in tags:
-            if tag.abi != "abi3":
+            if tag.abi == "abi3":
+                # ABI3 wheels must start with cp3 for impl and tag
+                if not (interpreter.startswith("cp3") and tag.interpreter.startswith("cp3")):
+                    continue
+            elif tag.abi == "none":
+                # CPythonless wheels must include py3 tag
+                if tag.interpreter[:3] != "py3":
+                    continue
+            else:
+                # Other types of wheels are not detected, this is looking for previously built wheels.
                continue
-            if not tag.interpreter.startswith("cp3"):
-                continue
-            if int(tag.interpreter[3:]) > int(interpreter[3:]):
+
+            if tag.interpreter != "py3" and int(tag.interpreter[3:]) > int(interpreter[3:]):
+                # If a minor version number is given, it has to be lower than the current one.
                continue
+
            if platform.startswith(("manylinux", "musllinux", "macosx")):
-                # Linux, macOS
+                # Linux, macOS require the beginning and ending match (macos/manylinux version doesn't need to)
                os_, arch = platform.split("_", 1)
                if not tag.platform.startswith(os_):
                    continue
-                if not tag.platform.endswith("_" + arch):
+                if not tag.platform.endswith(f"_{arch}"):
                    continue
            else:
-                # Windows
+                # Windows should exactly match
                if not tag.platform == platform:
                    continue
+
+            # If all the filters above pass, then the wheel is a previously built compatible wheel.
            return wheel
+
    return None


@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ import os
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence, Set
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Set
 from zipfile import ZipFile

 from filelock import FileLock
@@ -17,12 +18,13 @@ from .options import Options
 from .typing import PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
    BuildFrontend,
    BuildSelector,
    NonPlatformWheelError,
    call,
    download,
-    find_compatible_abi3_wheel,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
    get_pip_version,
    prepare_command,
@@ -46,7 +48,8 @@ def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str, output_directory: Path) -> List[str]
    ]


-class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PythonConfiguration:
    version: str
    arch: str
    identifier: str
@@ -277,13 +280,13 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                build_options.build_frontend,
            )

-            abi3_wheel = find_compatible_abi3_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
-            if abi3_wheel:
+            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
+            if compatible_wheel:
                log.step_end()
                print(
-                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {abi3_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
+                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
                )
-                repaired_wheel = abi3_wheel
+                repaired_wheel = compatible_wheel
            else:
                # run the before_build command
                if build_options.before_build:
@@ -365,6 +368,9 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:

                repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))

+                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
+                    raise AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
+
            if build_options.test_command and options.globals.test_selector(config.identifier):
                log.step("Testing wheel...")
                # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
@@ -418,7 +424,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                shell(test_command_prepared, cwd="c:\\", env=virtualenv_env)

            # we're all done here; move it to output (remove if already exists)
-            if abi3_wheel is None:
+            if compatible_wheel is None:
                shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
                built_wheels.append(build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name)

@@ -2,6 +2,28 @@
 title: Changelog
 ---

+### v2.8.1
+
+_18 July 2022_
+
+- 🐛 Fix a bug when building CPython 3.8 wheels on an Apple Silicon machine where testing would always fail. cibuildwheel will no longer attempt to test the arm64 part of CPython 3.8 wheels because we use the x86_64 installer of CPython 3.8 due to its macOS system version backward-compatibility. See [#1169](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/1169) for more details. (#1171)
+- 🛠 Update the prerelease CPython 3.11 to 3.11.0b4. (#1180)
+- 🛠 The GitHub Action will ensure a compatible version of Python is installed on the runner (#1114)
+- 📚 A few docs improvements
+
+### v2.8.0
+
+_5 July 2022_
+
+- ✨ You can now run cibuildwheel on Podman, as an alternate container engine to Docker (which remains the default). This is useful in environments where a Docker daemon isn't available, for example, it can be run inside a Docker container, or without root access. To use Podman, set the [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) option. (#966)
+- ✨ Adds support for building `py3-none-{platform}` wheels. This works the same as ABI3 - wheels won't be rebuilt, but tests will still be run across all selected versions of Python.
+
+  > These wheels contain native extension code, but don't use the Python APIs. Typically, they're bridged to Python using a FFI module like [ctypes](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html) or [cffi](https://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/). Because they don't use Python ABI, the wheels are more compatible - they work across many Python versions.
+
+  Check out this [example ctypes project](https://github.com/joerick/python-ctypes-package-sample) to see an example of how it works. (#1151)
+- 🛠 cibuildwheel will now error if multiple builds in a single run produce the same wheel filename, as this indicates a misconfiguration. (#1152)
+- 📚 A few docs improvements and updates to keep things up-to-date.
+
 ### v2.7.0

 _17 June 2022_
@@ -589,3 +589,8 @@
  gh: MarshalX/python-webrtc
  ci: [github]
  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+
+- name: cf-units
+  gh: SciTools/cf-units
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux]
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ well as several useful actions. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuild
    name: Make SDist
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      with:
        fetch-depth: 0  # Optional, use if you use setuptools_scm
        submodules: true  # Optional, use if you have submodules
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ well as several useful actions. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuild
    - name: Build SDist
      run: pipx run build --sdist

-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
      with:
        path: dist/*.tar.gz
 ```
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ This requires a [PyPI upload token](https://pypi.org/manage/account/token/), sto
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
      with:
        name: artifact
        path: dist

-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.4.2
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.0
      with:
        user: __token__
        password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
    <!-- the docker container outline -->
    <div class="grid-outline docker">
      <div class="outline">
-        Manylinux Docker container
+        Manylinux container
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- the venv outlines -->
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
    steps: [
      [
        {
-          label: 'copy project into docker',
+          label: 'copy project into container',
          platforms: ['linux'],
          style: 'block',
          width: 2,
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@
      ],
      [
        {
-          label: 'Copy wheels out of Docker',
+          label: 'Copy wheels out of container',
          platforms: ['linux'],
          style: 'block',
          width: 2,
@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ title: Tips and tricks

 ## Tips

-### Linux builds on Docker
+### Linux builds in containers

-Linux wheels are built in the [`manylinux`/`musllinux` docker images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) to provide binary compatible wheels on Linux, according to [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) / [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Because of this, when building with `cibuildwheel` on Linux, a few things should be taken into account:
+Linux wheels are built in [`manylinux`/`musllinux` containers](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) to provide binary compatible wheels on Linux, according to [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) / [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Because of this, when building with `cibuildwheel` on Linux, a few things should be taken into account:

-   Programs and libraries are not installed on the CI runner host, but rather should be installed inside of the Docker image - using `yum` for `manylinux2010` or `manylinux2014`, `apt-get` for `manylinux_2_24` and `apk` for `musllinux_1_1`, or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building.
+-   Programs and libraries are not installed on the CI runner host, but rather should be installed inside the container - using `yum` for `manylinux2010` or `manylinux2014`, `apt-get` for `manylinux_2_24` and `apk` for `musllinux_1_1`, or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building.

-    `cibuildwheel` supports this by providing the [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](options.md#environment) and [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) options to setup the build environment inside the running Docker image.
+    `cibuildwheel` supports this by providing the [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](options.md#environment) and [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) options to setup the build environment inside the running container.

-   The project directory is mounted in the running Docker instance as `/project`, the output directory for the wheels as `/output`. In general, this is handled transparently by `cibuildwheel`. For a more finegrained level of control however, the root of the host file system is mounted as `/host`, allowing for example to access shared files, caches, etc. on the host file system.  Note that `/host` is not available on CircleCI due to their Docker policies.
+-   The project directory is mounted inside the container as `/project`, the output directory for the wheels as `/output`. In general, this is handled transparently by `cibuildwheel`. For a more finegrained level of control however, the root of the host file system is mounted as `/host`, allowing for example to access shared files, caches, etc. on the host file system.  Note that `/host` is not available on CircleCI due to their Docker policies.

 -   Alternative Docker images can be specified with the `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`/`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE` options to allow for a custom, preconfigured build environment for the Linux builds. See [options](options.md#linux-image) for more details.

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:

 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.7.0
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.8.1
 ```

 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
@@ -147,10 +147,6 @@ updates:
    directory: "/"
    schedule:
      interval: "weekly"
-    ignore:
-      # Optional: Official actions have moving tags like v1;
-      # if you use those, you don't need updates.
-      - dependency-name: "actions/*"
 ```

 #### Option 2: Requirement files
@@ -159,7 +155,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `

 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+cibuildwheel==2.8.1
 ```

 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ matches overriding earlier ones if multiple selectors match. Environment
 variables always override static configuration.

 A few of the options below have special handling in overrides. A different
-`before-all` will trigger a new docker launch on Linux, and cannot be
+`before-all` will trigger a new container to launch on Linux, and cannot be
 overridden on macOS or Windows.  Overriding the image on linux will also
-generate new docker launches, one per image.  Some commands are not supported;
+trigger new containers, one per image. Some commands are not supported;
 `output-dir`, build/skip/test_skip selectors, and architectures cannot be
 overridden.

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ Default: `auto`

 `auto` will auto-detect platform using environment variables, such as `TRAVIS_OS_NAME`/`APPVEYOR`/`CIRCLECI`.

- For `linux`, you need Docker running, on Linux, macOS, or Windows.
+- For `linux`, you need [Docker or Podman](#container-engine) running, on Linux, macOS, or Windows.
 - For `macos` and `windows`, you need to be running on the respective system, with a working compiler toolchain installed - Xcode Command Line tools for macOS, and MSVC for Windows.

 This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line) `--platform`. This option is not available in the `pyproject.toml` config.
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ Choose which build backend to use. Can either be "pip", which will run

 A list of environment variables to set during the build. Bash syntax should be used, even on Windows.

-You must set this variable to pass variables to Linux builds (since they execute in a Docker container). It also works for the other platforms.
+You must set this variable to pass variables to Linux builds (since they execute in a container). It also works for the other platforms.

 You can use `$PATH` syntax to insert other variables, or the `$(pwd)` syntax to insert the output of other shell commands.

@@ -553,6 +553,10 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
    # Supply options to `pip` to affect how it downloads dependencies
    CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL=https://pypi.myorg.com/simple

+    # Any pip command-line options can be set using the PIP_ prefix
+    # https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/topics/configuration/#environment-variables
+    CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: PIP_GLOBAL_OPTION="build_ext -j4"
+
    # Set two flags on linux only
    CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_LINUX: BUILD_TIME="$(date)" SAMPLE_TEXT="sample text"
    ```
@@ -582,6 +586,10 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
    # Supply options to `pip` to affect how it downloads dependencies
    environment = { PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL="https://pypi.myorg.com/simple" }

+    # Any pip command-line option can be set using the PIP_ prefix
+    # https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/topics/configuration/#environment-variables
+    environment = { PIP_GLOBAL_OPTION="build_ext -j4" }
+
    # Set two flags on linux only
    [tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
    environment = { BUILD_TIME="$(date)", SAMPLE_TEXT="sample text" }
@@ -635,21 +643,25 @@ To specify more than one environment variable, separate the variable names by sp
 ### `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL` {: #before-all}
 > Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built.

-Shell command to prepare a common part of the project (e.g. build or install libraries which does not depend on the specific version of Python).
+Shell command that runs before any builds are run, to build or install parts that do not depend on the specific version of Python.

-This option is very useful for the Linux build, where builds take place in isolated Docker containers managed by cibuildwheel. This command will run inside the container before the wheel builds start. Note, if you're building both `x86_64` and `i686` wheels (the default), your build uses two different Docker images. In that case, this command will execute twice - once per build container.
+This option is very useful for the Linux build, where builds take place in isolated containers managed by cibuildwheel. This command will run inside the container before the wheel builds start. Note, if you're building both `x86_64` and `i686` wheels (the default), your build uses two different container images. In that case, this command will execute twice - once per build container.

 The placeholder `{package}` can be used here; it will be replaced by the path to the package being built by cibuildwheel.

 On Windows and macOS, the version of Python available inside `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL` is whatever is available on the host machine. On Linux, a modern Python version is available on PATH.

 This option has special behavior in the overrides section in `pyproject.toml`.
-On linux, overriding it triggers a new docker launch. It cannot be overridden
+On linux, overriding it triggers a new container launch. It cannot be overridden
 on macOS and Windows.

 Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_MACOS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX`

+!!! note
+
+    This command is executed in a different Python environment from the builds themselves. So you can't `pip install` a Python dependency in CIBW_BEFORE_ALL and use it in the build. Instead, look at [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](#before-build), or, if your project uses pyproject.toml, the [build-system.requires](https://peps.python.org/pep-0518/#build-system-table) field.
+
 #### Examples

 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
@@ -692,9 +704,9 @@ Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>

    In configuration files, you can use a TOML array, and each line will be run sequentially - joined with `&&`.

-Note that manylinux2_24 builds occur inside a Debian9 docker, where
+Note that manylinux_2_24 builds occur inside a Debian9 docker, where
 manylinux2010 and manylinux2014 builds occur inside a CentOS one. So for
-`manylinux2_24` the `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX` command must use `apt-get -y`
+`manylinux_2_24` the `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX` command must use `apt-get -y`
 instead.

 ### `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD` {: #before-build}
@@ -866,7 +878,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 <div class="link-target" id="manylinux-image"></div>

 ### `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE` {: #linux-image}
-> Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux Docker images
+> Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images

 The available options are (default value):

@@ -893,9 +905,9 @@ For `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `mus

 If this option is blank, it will fall though to the next available definition (environment variable -> pyproject.toml -> default).

-If setting a custom Docker image, you'll need to make sure it can be used in the same way as the official, default Docker images: all necessary Python and pip versions need to be present in `/opt/python/`, and the auditwheel tool needs to be present for cibuildwheel to work. Apart from that, the architecture and relevant shared system libraries need to be compatible to the relevant standard to produce valid manylinux1/manylinux2010/manylinux2014/manylinux_2_24/manylinux_2_28/musllinux_1_1 wheels (see [pypa/manylinux on GitHub](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux), [PEP 513](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0513/), [PEP 571](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/), [PEP 599](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0599/), [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) and [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/) for more details).
+If setting a custom image, you'll need to make sure it can be used in the same way as the default images: all necessary Python and pip versions need to be present in `/opt/python/`, and the auditwheel tool needs to be present for cibuildwheel to work. Apart from that, the architecture and relevant shared system libraries need to be compatible to the relevant standard to produce valid manylinux1/manylinux2010/manylinux2014/manylinux_2_24/manylinux_2_28/musllinux_1_1 wheels (see [pypa/manylinux on GitHub](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux), [PEP 513](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0513/), [PEP 571](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/), [PEP 599](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0599/), [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) and [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/) for more details).

-Auditwheel detects the version of the manylinux / musllinux standard in the Docker image through the `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, as cibuildwheel has no way of detecting the correct `--plat` command line argument to pass to auditwheel for a custom image. If a Docker image does not correctly set this `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, the `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` option can be used to do so (e.g., `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT='AUDITWHEEL_PLAT="manylinux2010_$(uname -m)"'`).
+Auditwheel detects the version of the manylinux / musllinux standard in the image through the `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, as cibuildwheel has no way of detecting the correct `--plat` command line argument to pass to auditwheel for a custom image. If a custom image does not correctly set this `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, the `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` option can be used to do so (e.g., `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT='AUDITWHEEL_PLAT="manylinux2010_$(uname -m)"'`).

 #### Examples

@@ -956,6 +968,44 @@ Auditwheel detects the version of the manylinux / musllinux standard in the Dock
    Like any other option, these can be placed in `[tool.cibuildwheel.linux]`
    if you prefer; they have no effect on `macos` and `windows`.

+
+### `CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE` {: #container-engine}
+> Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels
+
+Options: `docker` `podman`
+
+Default: `docker`
+
+Set the container engine to use. Docker is the default, or you can switch to
+[Podman](https://podman.io/). To use Docker, you need to have a Docker daemon
+running and `docker` available on PATH. To use Podman, it needs to be
+installed and `podman` available on PATH.
+
+!!! tip
+
+    While most users will stick with Docker, Podman is available in different
+    contexts - for example, it can be run inside a Docker container, or without
+    root access. Thanks to the [OCI], images are compatible between engines, so
+    you can still use the regular manylinux/musllinux containers.
+
+[OCI]: https://opencontainers.org/
+
+#### Examples
+
+!!! tab examples "Environment variables"
+
+    ```yaml
+    CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE: podman
+    ```
+
+!!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
+
+    ```toml
+    [tool.cibuildwheel]
+    container-engine = "podman"
+    ```
+
+
 ### `CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS` {: #dependency-versions}
 > Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses

@@ -1021,6 +1071,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
    dependency-versions = "./constraints.txt"
    ```

+
 ## Testing

 ### `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND` {: #test-command}
@@ -154,10 +154,9 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
    {% include "../examples/github-minimal.yml" %}
    ```

-
-    You can use `env:` with the action just like you would with `run:`; you can
-    also use `with:` to set the command line options: `package-dir: .` and
-    `output-dir: wheelhouse` (those values are the defaults).
+    Use `env:` to pass [build options](options.md) and `with:` to set
+    `package-dir: .`, `output-dir: wheelhouse` and `config-file: ''`
+    locations (those values are the defaults).

 !!! tab "pipx"
    The GitHub Actions runners have pipx installed, so you can easily build in
@@ -177,15 +176,15 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
        runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
        strategy:
          matrix:
-            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]

        steps:
-          - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+          - uses: actions/checkout@v3

          - name: Build wheels
-            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.8.1

-          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
            with:
              path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
    ```
@@ -209,21 +208,21 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
        runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
        strategy:
          matrix:
-            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]

        steps:
-          - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+          - uses: actions/checkout@v3

          # Used to host cibuildwheel
-          - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+          - uses: actions/setup-python@v3

          - name: Install cibuildwheel
-            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.8.1

          - name: Build wheels
            run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse

-          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
            with:
              path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
    ```
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ title: Working examples
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [pydantic][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Data parsing and validation using Python type hints |
-| [uvloop][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast asyncio event loop. |
 | [MemRay][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Memray is a memory profiler for Python |
+| [uvloop][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast asyncio event loop. |
 | [psutil][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python |
 | [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
 | [Google Benchmark][]              | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A microbenchmark support library |
@@ -33,15 +33,15 @@ title: Working examples
 | [websockets][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Library for building WebSocket servers and clients. Mostly written in Python, with a small C 'speedups' extension module.  |
 | [cvxpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A Python-embedded modeling language for convex optimization problems. |
 | [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
-| [UltraJSON][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast JSON decoder and encoder written in C with Python bindings |
 | [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |
+| [UltraJSON][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast JSON decoder and encoder written in C with Python bindings |
 | [River][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🌊 Online machine learning in Python |
 | [OpenSpiel][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | OpenSpiel is a collection of environments and algorithms for research in general reinforcement learning and search/planning in games. |
 | [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython and CFFI.  |
 | [aiortc][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebRTC and ORTC implementation for Python using asyncio. |
 | [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
-| [Implicit][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes GPU support for linux wheels |
 | [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
+| [Implicit][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes GPU support for linux wheels |
 | [tinyobjloader][]                 | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tiny but powerful single file wavefront obj loader |
 | [Dependency Injector][]           | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Dependency injection framework for Python, uses Windows TravisCI |
 | [coverage.py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The coverage tool for Python |
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ title: Working examples
 | [Wrapt][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python module for decorators, wrappers and monkey patching. |
 | [PyAV][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries. |
 | [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
-| [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
 | [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by qpdf |
+| [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
 | [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
 | [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
 | [OpenTimelineIO][]                | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Open Source API and interchange format for editorial timeline information. |
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ title: Working examples
 | [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
 | [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
 | [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
-| [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
 | [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
+| [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
 | [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
 | [time-machine][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Time mocking library using only the CPython C API. |
 | [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures. |
@@ -86,20 +86,21 @@ title: Working examples
 | [PyGLM][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Fast OpenGL Mathematics (GLM) for Python |
 | [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
 | [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
-| [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
+| [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [Python-WebRTC][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | a Python extension that provides bindings to WebRTC M92 |
 | [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast Base64 encoding/decoding in Python |
 | [Arbor][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Arbor is a multi-compartment neuron simulation library; compatible with next-generation accelerators; best-practices applied to research software; focused on community-driven development. Includes a [small script](https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor/blob/master/scripts/patchwheel.py) patching `rpath` in bundled libraries.  |
 | [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
 | [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
-| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
 | [polaroid][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Full range of wheels for setuptools rust, with auto release and PyPI deploy. |
+| [cf-units][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Units of measure as required by the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions |
+| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
 | [clang-format][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels. |
-| [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
-| [power-grid-model][]              | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis |
-| [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
 | [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python CFFI binding to libheif library with third party dependencies like `libde265`, `x265`, `libaom` with test & publishing on PyPi. |
+| [power-grid-model][]              | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis |
+| [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
+| [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
 | [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
 | [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
@@ -118,8 +119,8 @@ title: Working examples
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [pydantic]: https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic
-[uvloop]: https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop
 [MemRay]: https://github.com/bloomberg/memray
+[uvloop]: https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop
 [psutil]: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
 [vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
 [Google Benchmark]: https://github.com/google/benchmark
@@ -133,15 +134,15 @@ title: Working examples
 [websockets]: https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets
 [cvxpy]: https://github.com/cvxpy/cvxpy
 [PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
-[UltraJSON]: https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson
 [Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton
+[UltraJSON]: https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson
 [River]: https://github.com/online-ml/river
 [OpenSpiel]: https://github.com/deepmind/open_spiel
 [pyzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq
 [aiortc]: https://github.com/aiortc/aiortc
 [vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
-[Implicit]: https://github.com/benfred/implicit
 [Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
+[Implicit]: https://github.com/benfred/implicit
 [tinyobjloader]: https://github.com/tinyobjloader/tinyobjloader
 [Dependency Injector]: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 [coverage.py]: https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy
@@ -152,8 +153,8 @@ title: Working examples
 [Wrapt]: https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
 [PyAV]: https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV
 [SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
-[OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
 [pikepdf]: https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf
+[OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
 [Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
 [PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
 [OpenTimelineIO]: https://github.com/PixarAnimationStudios/OpenTimelineIO
@@ -172,8 +173,8 @@ title: Working examples
 [pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
 [KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
 [tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
-[pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
 [dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
+[pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
 [sourmash]: https://github.com/dib-lab/sourmash
 [time-machine]: https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine
 [CTranslate2]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/CTranslate2
@@ -186,20 +187,21 @@ title: Working examples
 [PyGLM]: https://github.com/Zuzu-Typ/PyGLM
 [boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
 [bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
-[iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
+[iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [Python-WebRTC]: https://github.com/MarshalX/python-webrtc
 [pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
 [Arbor]: https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor
 [fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
 [etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
-[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
 [polaroid]: https://github.com/daggy1234/polaroid
+[cf-units]: https://github.com/SciTools/cf-units
+[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
 [clang-format]: https://github.com/ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
-[numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
-[power-grid-model]: https://github.com/alliander-opensource/power-grid-model
-[pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
 [pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
+[power-grid-model]: https://github.com/alliander-opensource/power-grid-model
+[numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
+[pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
 [pybind11 scikit_build_example]: https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example
 [ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
 [GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd
@@ -218,105 +220,106 @@ title: Working examples
 [apple icon]: data/readme_icons/apple.svg
 [linux icon]: data/readme_icons/linux.svg

-<!-- scikit-learn: 50434, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- NumPy: 20694, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Tornado: 20578, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pytorch-fairseq: 17225, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Matplotlib: 15650, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- NCNN: 14749, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Kivy: 14695, last pushed 15 days ago -->
-<!-- Prophet: 14557, last pushed 10 days ago -->
-<!-- MyPy: 13244, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pydantic: 10153, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- uvloop: 8665, last pushed 5 days ago -->
-<!-- MemRay: 8648, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- psutil: 8466, last pushed 10 days ago -->
-<!-- vaex: 7118, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- Google Benchmark: 6558, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Apache Beam: 5592, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- asyncpg: 5511, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- duckdb: 5277, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- scikit-image: 4935, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- PyGame: 4875, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- cmake: 4832, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- twisted-iocpsupport: 4628, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- websockets: 3974, last pushed 31 days ago -->
-<!-- cvxpy: 3961, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- PyOxidizer: 3859, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- UltraJSON: 3730, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- Triton: 3657, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- River: 3439, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- OpenSpiel: 3214, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- pyzmq: 3099, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- aiortc: 2949, last pushed 8 days ago -->
-<!-- vispy: 2883, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- Implicit: 2808, last pushed 5 days ago -->
-<!-- Confluent client for Kafka: 2805, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- tinyobjloader: 2557, last pushed 170 days ago -->
-<!-- Dependency Injector: 2172, last pushed 59 days ago -->
-<!-- coverage.py: 2072, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- PyCryptodome: 2018, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- PyYAML: 1865, last pushed 5 days ago -->
-<!-- numexpr: 1758, last pushed 20 days ago -->
-<!-- h5py: 1747, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Wrapt: 1686, last pushed 44 days ago -->
-<!-- PyAV: 1579, last pushed 27 days ago -->
-<!-- SimpleJSON: 1495, last pushed 54 days ago -->
-<!-- OpenColorIO: 1320, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- pikepdf: 1308, last pushed 5 days ago -->
-<!-- Line Profiler: 1244, last pushed 5 days ago -->
-<!-- PyTables: 1132, last pushed 57 days ago -->
-<!-- OpenTimelineIO: 1063, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- ruptures: 974, last pushed 29 days ago -->
-<!-- aioquic: 956, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- DeepForest: 763, last pushed 32 days ago -->
-<!-- google neuroglancer: 737, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Psycopg 3: 696, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Parselmouth: 662, last pushed 71 days ago -->
-<!-- AutoPy: 653, last pushed 172 days ago -->
-<!-- H3-py: 538, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- Rtree: 481, last pushed 57 days ago -->
-<!-- markupsafe: 472, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- python-rapidjson: 454, last pushed 20 days ago -->
-<!-- python-snappy: 438, last pushed 90 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 cmake_example: 411, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- KDEpy: 376, last pushed 125 days ago -->
-<!-- tgcalls: 364, last pushed 10 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 python_example: 331, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- dd-trace-py: 325, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- sourmash: 307, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- time-machine: 304, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- CTranslate2: 300, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- cyvcf2: 299, last pushed 25 days ago -->
-<!-- matrixprofile: 269, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- abess: 266, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- jq.py: 218, last pushed 129 days ago -->
-<!-- iminuit: 206, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- Tokenizer: 184, last pushed 100 days ago -->
-<!-- PyGLM: 142, last pushed 78 days ago -->
-<!-- boost-histogram: 114, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- bx-python: 113, last pushed 161 days ago -->
-<!-- iDynTree: 105, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- TgCrypto: 104, last pushed 103 days ago -->
-<!-- Python-WebRTC: 89, last pushed 96 days ago -->
-<!-- pybase64: 83, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- Arbor: 73, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- fathon: 61, last pushed 12 days ago -->
-<!-- etebase-py: 57, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Imagecodecs (fork): 45, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- polaroid: 41, last pushed 34 days ago -->
-<!-- clang-format: 39, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- numpythia: 34, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- power-grid-model: 34, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pyjet: 33, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- pillow-heif: 28, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 scikit_build_example: 27, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- scikit-learn: 50754, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- NumPy: 20975, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Tornado: 20638, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pytorch-fairseq: 18489, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- Matplotlib: 15822, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- NCNN: 14975, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Kivy: 14789, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Prophet: 14684, last pushed 10 days ago -->
+<!-- MyPy: 13444, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pydantic: 10450, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- MemRay: 8836, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- uvloop: 8725, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- psutil: 8531, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- vaex: 7175, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Google Benchmark: 6659, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Apache Beam: 5702, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- asyncpg: 5558, last pushed 10 days ago -->
+<!-- duckdb: 5546, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- scikit-image: 4978, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- PyGame: 4976, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- cmake: 4910, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- twisted-iocpsupport: 4666, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- websockets: 4022, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- cvxpy: 4009, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- PyOxidizer: 3919, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- Triton: 3786, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- UltraJSON: 3755, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- River: 3488, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenSpiel: 3248, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pyzmq: 3130, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- aiortc: 2993, last pushed 23 days ago -->
+<!-- vispy: 2904, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- Confluent client for Kafka: 2848, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- Implicit: 2847, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- tinyobjloader: 2594, last pushed 13 days ago -->
+<!-- Dependency Injector: 2244, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- coverage.py: 2106, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- PyCryptodome: 2054, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- PyYAML: 1883, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- numexpr: 1775, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- h5py: 1757, last pushed 12 days ago -->
+<!-- Wrapt: 1705, last pushed 77 days ago -->
+<!-- PyAV: 1605, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- SimpleJSON: 1500, last pushed 17 days ago -->
+<!-- pikepdf: 1385, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenColorIO: 1335, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- Line Profiler: 1284, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- PyTables: 1137, last pushed 90 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenTimelineIO: 1071, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- ruptures: 988, last pushed 11 days ago -->
+<!-- aioquic: 986, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- DeepForest: 769, last pushed 65 days ago -->
+<!-- google neuroglancer: 740, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- Psycopg 3: 733, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Parselmouth: 671, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- AutoPy: 662, last pushed 205 days ago -->
+<!-- H3-py: 548, last pushed 15 days ago -->
+<!-- Rtree: 489, last pushed 90 days ago -->
+<!-- markupsafe: 480, last pushed 13 days ago -->
+<!-- python-rapidjson: 456, last pushed 11 days ago -->
+<!-- python-snappy: 440, last pushed 123 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 cmake_example: 420, last pushed 12 days ago -->
+<!-- KDEpy: 387, last pushed 158 days ago -->
+<!-- tgcalls: 376, last pushed 16 days ago -->
+<!-- dd-trace-py: 342, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 python_example: 337, last pushed 12 days ago -->
+<!-- sourmash: 313, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- time-machine: 312, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- CTranslate2: 308, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- cyvcf2: 302, last pushed 58 days ago -->
+<!-- matrixprofile: 272, last pushed 14 days ago -->
+<!-- abess: 271, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- jq.py: 220, last pushed 162 days ago -->
+<!-- iminuit: 206, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- Tokenizer: 187, last pushed 133 days ago -->
+<!-- PyGLM: 147, last pushed 111 days ago -->
+<!-- boost-histogram: 116, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- bx-python: 114, last pushed 194 days ago -->
+<!-- TgCrypto: 108, last pushed 136 days ago -->
+<!-- iDynTree: 106, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- Python-WebRTC: 92, last pushed 129 days ago -->
+<!-- pybase64: 85, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- Arbor: 76, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- fathon: 63, last pushed 45 days ago -->
+<!-- etebase-py: 58, last pushed 11 days ago -->
+<!-- polaroid: 49, last pushed 67 days ago -->
+<!-- cf-units: 49, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Imagecodecs (fork): 46, last pushed 33 days ago -->
+<!-- clang-format: 41, last pushed 13 days ago -->
+<!-- pillow-heif: 37, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- power-grid-model: 37, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- numpythia: 34, last pushed 12 days ago -->
+<!-- pyjet: 33, last pushed 17 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 scikit_build_example: 29, last pushed 12 days ago -->
 <!-- ninja: 24, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- GSD: 19, last pushed 14 days ago -->
-<!-- pyinstrument_cext: 10, last pushed 249 days ago -->
-<!-- xmlstarlet: 9, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- CorrectionLib: 9, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- SiPM: 6, last pushed 14 days ago -->
+<!-- GSD: 19, last pushed 13 days ago -->
+<!-- pyinstrument_cext: 10, last pushed 283 days ago -->
+<!-- xmlstarlet: 9, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- CorrectionLib: 9, last pushed 12 days ago -->
+<!-- SiPM: 6, last pushed 47 days ago -->

 <!-- END bin/projects.py -->

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ stack: python 3.7
 init:
 - cmd: set PATH=C:\Python37;C:\Python37\Scripts;%PATH%

-install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.8.1

 build_script: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
    - bash: |
        set -o errexit
        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.8.1
      displayName: Install dependencies
    - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
      displayName: Build wheels
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ jobs:
      inputs: {pathtoPublish: 'wheelhouse'}

 - job: macos
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-10.15'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-11'}
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
    - bash: |
        set -o errexit
        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.8.1
      displayName: Install dependencies
    - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
      displayName: Build wheels
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
    - bash: |
        set -o errexit
        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+        pip install cibuildwheel==2.8.1
      displayName: Install dependencies
    - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
      displayName: Build wheels
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
      - run:
          name: Build the Linux wheels.
          command: |
-            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.8.1
            cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
      - store_artifacts:
          path: wheelhouse/
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
      - run:
          name: Build the OS X wheels.
          command: |
-            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.8.1
            cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
      - store_artifacts:
          path: wheelhouse/
@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ on: [push, pull_request]

 jobs:
  build_wheels_macos:
-    name: Build wheels on macos-10.15
-    runs-on: macos-10.15
+    name: Build wheels on macos-11
+    runs-on: macos-11
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.7.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.8.1
        env:
          CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2

-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.7.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.8.1

-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl

@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ jobs:
    name: Build source distribution
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Build sdist
        run: pipx run build --sdist

-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          path: dist/*.tar.gz

@@ -49,12 +49,14 @@ jobs:
    # alternatively, to publish when a GitHub Release is created, use the following rule:
    # if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
        with:
+          # unpacks default artifact into dist/
+          # if `name: artifact` is omitted, the action will create extra parent dir
          name: artifact
          path: dist

-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.4.2
+      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.0
        with:
          user: __token__
          password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}
@@ -8,17 +8,21 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.7.0
-        # to supply options, put them in 'env', like:
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.8.1
        # env:
        #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
+        #    ...
+        # with:
+        #   package-dir: .
+        #   output-dir: wheelhouse
+        #   config-file: "{package}/pyproject.toml"

-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3

-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
        name: Install Python
        with:
          python-version: '3.7'
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ jobs:
          platforms: all

      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.7.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.8.1
        env:
          # configure cibuildwheel to build native archs ('auto'), and some
          # emulated ones
          CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: auto aarch64 ppc64le s390x

-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ linux:
    DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
  script:
    - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.8.1
    - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
  artifacts:
    paths:
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
        - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe

 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.8.1

 script:
  # build the wheels, put them into './dist'
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
        - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe

 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.7.0
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.8.1

 script:
  # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
    - stage: deploy
      name: Build and deploy Linux wheels
      services: docker
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.7.0 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.8.1 twine
      script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
      after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
    # Deploy on windows
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Build and deploy Windows wheels
      os: windows
      language: shell
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.7.0 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.8.1 twine
      script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
      after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl

@@ -92,12 +92,13 @@ def update_proj(session: nox.Session) -> None:
    )


-@nox.session
+@nox.session(python="3.9")
 def docs(session: nox.Session) -> None:
    """
    Build the docs.
    """
    session.install("-e", ".[docs]")
+    session.run("pip", "list")

    if session.posargs:
        if "serve" in session.posargs:
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [metadata]
 name = cibuildwheel
-version = 2.7.0
+version = 2.8.1
 description = Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration.
 long_description = file: README.md
 long_description_content_type = text/markdown
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ console_scripts =
 cibuildwheel = resources/*

 [flake8]
-extend-ignore = E203,E501,B950
-extend-select = B,B9
+extend-ignore = E203,E501,B950,B023
+extend-select = B9
 application-import-names = cibuildwheel
 exclude =
    cibuildwheel/resources/,
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ from setuptools import setup
 extras = {
    "docs": [
        "mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin==2.8.0",
-        "mkdocs==1.0.4",
+        "mkdocs==1.0.4",  # Doesn't support Python 3.10+
        "jinja2==3.0.3",
        "pymdown-extensions",
        "mkdocs-macros-plugin",
+        "markdown<3.4",  # Breaks mkdocs 1.0.4
    ],
    "test": [
        "jinja2",
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ extras = {
        "pytest-timeout",
        "pytest-xdist",
        "build",
+        "tomli_w",
    ],
    "bin": [
        "click",
@@ -7,20 +7,7 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser) -> None:
    parser.addoption(
        "--run-emulation", action="store_true", default=False, help="run emulation tests"
    )
-
-
-def pytest_configure(config):
-    config.addinivalue_line("markers", "emulation: mark test requiring qemu binfmt_misc to run")
-
-
-def pytest_collection_modifyitems(config, items) -> None:
-    if config.getoption("--run-emulation"):
-        # --run-emulation given in cli: do not skip emulation tests
-        return
-    skip_emulation = pytest.mark.skip(reason="need --run-emulation option to run")
-    for item in items:
-        if "emulation" in item.keywords:
-            item.add_marker(skip_emulation)
+    parser.addoption("--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests")


@pytest.fixture(
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import textwrap
+
+from . import test_projects, utils
+
+limited_api_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
+    setup_py_add=textwrap.dedent(
+        r"""
+        cmdclass = {}
+        extension_kwargs = {}
+        if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 8):
+            from wheel.bdist_wheel import bdist_wheel as _bdist_wheel
+
+            class bdist_wheel_abi3(_bdist_wheel):
+                def finalize_options(self):
+                    _bdist_wheel.finalize_options(self)
+                    self.root_is_pure = False
+
+                def get_tag(self):
+                    python, abi, plat = _bdist_wheel.get_tag(self)
+                    return python, "abi3", plat
+
+            cmdclass["bdist_wheel"] = bdist_wheel_abi3
+            extension_kwargs["define_macros"] = [("Py_LIMITED_API", "0x03080000")]
+            extension_kwargs["py_limited_api"] = True
+    """
+    ),
+    setup_py_extension_args_add="**extension_kwargs",
+    setup_py_setup_args_add="cmdclass=cmdclass",
+)
+
+
+def test_abi3(tmp_path):
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    limited_api_project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    # build the wheels
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+        project_dir,
+        add_env={
+            "CIBW_SKIP": "pp* ",  # PyPy does not have a Py_LIMITED_API equivalent
+        },
+    )
+
+    # check that the expected wheels are produced
+    expected_wheels = [
+        w.replace("cp38-cp38", "cp38-abi3")
+        for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0")
+        if "-pp" not in w and "-cp39" not in w and "-cp310" not in w and "-cp311" not in w
+    ]
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+
+ctypes_project = test_projects.TestProject()
+ctypes_project.files["setup.py"] = textwrap.dedent(
+    """
+    from setuptools import setup, Extension
+
+    from distutils.command.build_ext import build_ext as _build_ext
+    class CTypesExtension(Extension): pass
+    class build_ext(_build_ext):
+        def build_extension(self, ext):
+            self._ctypes = isinstance(ext, CTypesExtension)
+            return super().build_extension(ext)
+
+        def get_export_symbols(self, ext):
+            if self._ctypes:
+                return ext.export_symbols
+            return super().get_export_symbols(ext)
+
+        def get_ext_filename(self, ext_name):
+            if self._ctypes:
+                return ext_name + '.so'
+            return super().get_ext_filename(ext_name)
+
+    from wheel.bdist_wheel import bdist_wheel as _bdist_wheel
+    class bdist_wheel_abi_none(_bdist_wheel):
+        def finalize_options(self):
+            _bdist_wheel.finalize_options(self)
+            self.root_is_pure = False
+
+        def get_tag(self):
+            python, abi, plat = _bdist_wheel.get_tag(self)
+            return "py3", "none", plat
+
+    setup(
+        name="ctypesexample",
+        version="1.0.0",
+        py_modules = ["ctypesexample.summing"],
+        ext_modules=[
+            CTypesExtension(
+                "ctypesexample.csumlib",
+                ["ctypesexample/csumlib.c"],
+            ),
+        ],
+        cmdclass={'build_ext': build_ext, 'bdist_wheel': bdist_wheel_abi_none},
+    )
+    """
+)
+ctypes_project.files["ctypesexample/csumlib.c"] = textwrap.dedent(
+    """
+    #ifdef _WIN32
+    #define LIBRARY_API __declspec(dllexport)
+    #else
+    #define LIBRARY_API
+    #endif
+
+    #include <stdlib.h>
+
+
+    LIBRARY_API double *add_vec3(double *a, double *b)
+    {
+        double *res = malloc(sizeof(double) * 3);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+        {
+            res[i] = a[i] + b[i];
+        }
+
+        return res;
+    }
+    """
+)
+ctypes_project.files["ctypesexample/summing.py"] = textwrap.dedent(
+    """
+    import ctypes
+    import pathlib
+
+    # path of the shared library
+    libfile = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / "csumlib.so"
+    csumlib = ctypes.CDLL(str(libfile))
+
+    type_vec3 = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_double * 3)
+
+    csumlib.add_vec3.restype = type_vec3
+    csumlib.add_vec3.argtypes = [type_vec3, type_vec3]
+    def add(a: list, b: list) -> list:
+        a_p = (ctypes.c_double * 3)(*a)
+        b_p = (ctypes.c_double * 3)(*b)
+        r_p = csumlib.add_vec3(a_p,b_p)
+
+        return [l for l in r_p.contents]
+    """
+)
+
+ctypes_project.files["test/add_test.py"] = textwrap.dedent(
+    """
+    import ctypesexample.summing
+
+    def test():
+        a = [1, 2, 3]
+        b = [4, 5, 6]
+        assert ctypesexample.summing.add(a, b) == [5, 7, 9]
+    """
+)
+
+
+def test_abi_none(tmp_path, capfd):
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    ctypes_project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    # build the wheels
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+        project_dir,
+        add_env={
+            "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": "pytest",
+            "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": "pytest {project}/test",
+            # limit the number of builds for test performance reasons
+            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp38-* cp310-* pp39-*",
+        },
+    )
+
+    # check that the expected wheels are produced
+    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels("ctypesexample", "1.0.0", python_abi_tags=["py3-none"])
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+    # check that each wheel was built once, and reused
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+    assert "Building wheel..." in captured.out
+    assert "Found previously built wheel" in captured.out
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ def test_spam():
 """


-@pytest.mark.emulation
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path, request):
+    if not request.config.getoption("--run-emulation"):
+        pytest.skip("needs --run-emulation option to run")
+
    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
    project_with_a_test.generate(project_dir)

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-import textwrap
-
-from . import test_projects, utils
-
-limited_api_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
-    setup_py_add=textwrap.dedent(
-        r"""
-        cmdclass = {}
-        extension_kwargs = {}
-        if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 8):
-            from wheel.bdist_wheel import bdist_wheel as _bdist_wheel
-
-            class bdist_wheel_abi3(_bdist_wheel):
-                def finalize_options(self):
-                    _bdist_wheel.finalize_options(self)
-                    self.root_is_pure = False
-
-                def get_tag(self):
-                    python, abi, plat = _bdist_wheel.get_tag(self)
-                    return python, "abi3", plat
-
-            cmdclass["bdist_wheel"] = bdist_wheel_abi3
-            extension_kwargs["define_macros"] = [("Py_LIMITED_API", "0x03080000")]
-            extension_kwargs["py_limited_api"] = True
-    """
-    ),
-    setup_py_extension_args_add="**extension_kwargs",
-    setup_py_setup_args_add="cmdclass=cmdclass",
-)
-
-
-def test(tmp_path):
-    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
-    limited_api_project.generate(project_dir)
-
-    # build the wheels
-    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
-        project_dir,
-        add_env={
-            "CIBW_SKIP": "pp* ",  # PyPy does not have a Py_LIMITED_API equivalent
-        },
-    )
-
-    # check that the expected wheels are produced
-    expected_wheels = [
-        w.replace("cp38-cp38", "cp38-abi3")
-        for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0")
-        if "-pp" not in w and "-cp39" not in w and "-cp310" not in w and "-cp311" not in w
-    ]
-    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
@@ -133,3 +133,36 @@ def test_universal2_testing(tmp_path, capfd, skip_arm64_test):
    expected_wheels = [w for w in ALL_MACOS_WHEELS if "cp39" in w and "universal2" in w]

    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+
+def test_cp38_arm64_testing(tmp_path, capfd):
+    if utils.platform != "macos":
+        pytest.skip("this test is only relevant to macos")
+    if get_xcode_version() < (12, 2):
+        pytest.skip("this test only works with Xcode 12.2 or greater")
+    if platform.machine() != "arm64":
+        pytest.skip("this test only works on arm64")
+
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    basic_project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+        project_dir,
+        add_env={
+            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp38-*",
+            "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": '''python -c "import platform; print('running tests on ' + platform.machine())"''',
+            "CIBW_ARCHS": "x86_64,universal2,arm64",
+        },
+    )
+
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+
+    assert "running tests on x86_64" in captured.out
+    assert "running tests on arm64" not in captured.out
+
+    warning_message = "While cibuildwheel can build CPython 3.8 universal2/arm64 wheels, we cannot test the arm64 part of them"
+    assert warning_message in captured.err
+
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in ALL_MACOS_WHEELS if "cp38" in w]
+
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ project_with_manylinux_symbols = test_projects.new_c_project(
 )
 def test(manylinux_image, tmp_path):
    if utils.platform != "linux":
-        pytest.skip("the docker test is only relevant to the linux build")
+        pytest.skip("the container image test is only relevant to the linux build")
    elif platform.machine() not in ["x86_64", "i686"]:
        if manylinux_image in ["manylinux1", "manylinux2010"]:
            pytest.skip("manylinux1 and 2010 doesn't exist for non-x86 architectures")
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import pytest
+
+from . import test_projects, utils
+
+basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
+
+
+def test(tmp_path, capfd, request):
+    if utils.platform != "linux":
+        pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")
+
+    if not request.config.getoption("--run-podman"):
+        pytest.skip("needs --run-podman option to run")
+
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    basic_project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    # build some musllinux and manylinux wheels (ensuring that we use two containers)
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+        project_dir,
+        add_env={
+            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp310-*{manylinux,musllinux}_x86_64",
+            "CIBW_BEFORE_ALL": "echo 'test log statement from before-all'",
+            "CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE": "podman",
+        },
+    )
+
+    # check that the expected wheels are produced
+    expected_wheels = [
+        w
+        for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0")
+        if ("-cp310-" in w) and ("x86_64" in w) and ("manylinux" in w or "musllinux" in w)
+    ]
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+    # check that stdout is bring passed-though from container correctly
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+    assert "test log statement from before-all" in captured.out
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import subprocess
+from test import test_projects
+
+import pytest
+
+from . import utils
+
+basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
+basic_project.files[
+    "repair.py"
+] = """
+import shutil
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+wheel = Path(sys.argv[1])
+dest_dir = Path(sys.argv[2])
+platform = wheel.stem.split("-")[-1]
+name = f"spam-0.1.0-py2-none-{platform}.whl"
+dest = dest_dir / name
+dest_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+if dest.exists():
+    dest.unlink()
+shutil.copy(wheel, dest)
+"""
+
+
+def test(tmp_path, capfd):
+    # this test checks that a generated wheel name shall be unique in a given cibuildwheel run
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    basic_project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+        utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+            project_dir,
+            add_env={
+                "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND": "python repair.py {wheel} {dest_dir}",
+            },
+        )
+
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+    assert "Build failed because a wheel named" in captured.err
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ def expected_wheels(
    musllinux_versions=None,
    macosx_deployment_target="10.9",
    machine_arch=None,
+    python_abi_tags=None,
 ):
    """
    Returns a list of expected wheels from a run of cibuildwheel.
@@ -139,21 +140,22 @@ def expected_wheels(
    if musllinux_versions is None:
        musllinux_versions = ["musllinux_1_1"]

-    python_abi_tags = [
-        "cp36-cp36m",
-        "cp37-cp37m",
-        "cp38-cp38",
-        "cp39-cp39",
-        "cp310-cp310",
-        "cp311-cp311",
-    ]
+    if python_abi_tags is None:
+        python_abi_tags = [
+            "cp36-cp36m",
+            "cp37-cp37m",
+            "cp38-cp38",
+            "cp39-cp39",
+            "cp310-cp310",
+            "cp311-cp311",
+        ]

-    if machine_arch in ["x86_64", "AMD64", "x86", "aarch64"]:
-        python_abi_tags += ["pp37-pypy37_pp73", "pp38-pypy38_pp73", "pp39-pypy39_pp73"]
+        if machine_arch in ["x86_64", "AMD64", "x86", "aarch64"]:
+            python_abi_tags += ["pp37-pypy37_pp73", "pp38-pypy38_pp73", "pp39-pypy39_pp73"]

-    if platform == "macos" and machine_arch == "arm64":
-        # currently, arm64 macs are only supported by cp39, cp310 & cp311
-        python_abi_tags = ["cp39-cp39", "cp310-cp310", "cp311-cp311"]
+        if platform == "macos" and machine_arch == "arm64":
+            # arm64 macs are only supported by cp38+
+            python_abi_tags = ["cp38-cp38", "cp39-cp39", "cp310-cp310", "cp311-cp311"]

    wheels = []

@@ -185,13 +187,13 @@ def expected_wheels(
                )

        elif platform == "windows":
-            if python_abi_tag.startswith("cp"):
-                platform_tags = ["win32", "win_amd64"]
-            else:
+            if python_abi_tag.startswith("pp"):
                platform_tags = ["win_amd64"]
+            else:
+                platform_tags = ["win32", "win_amd64"]

        elif platform == "macos":
-            if python_abi_tag == "cp39-cp39" and machine_arch == "arm64":
+            if machine_arch == "arm64":
                arm64_macosx_deployment_target = _get_arm64_macosx_deployment_target(
                    macosx_deployment_target
                )
@@ -8,20 +8,7 @@ MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR = Path("some_package_dir")

 def pytest_addoption(parser):
    parser.addoption("--run-docker", action="store_true", default=False, help="run docker tests")
-
-
-def pytest_configure(config):
-    config.addinivalue_line("markers", "docker: mark test requiring docker to run")
-
-
-def pytest_collection_modifyitems(config, items):
-    if config.getoption("--run-docker"):
-        # --run-docker given in cli: do not skip docker tests
-        return
-    skip_docker = pytest.mark.skip(reason="need --run-docker option to run")
-    for item in items:
-        if "docker" in item.keywords:
-            item.add_marker(skip_docker)
+    parser.addoption("--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests")


@pytest.fixture
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import textwrap
 from pathlib import Path
 from pprint import pprint

-import cibuildwheel.docker_container
 import cibuildwheel.linux
+import cibuildwheel.oci_container
 from cibuildwheel.options import Options

 from .utils import get_default_command_line_arguments
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from .utils import get_default_command_line_arguments

 def test_linux_container_split(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch):
    """
-    Tests splitting linux builds by docker image and before_all
+    Tests splitting linux builds by container image and before_all
    """

    args = get_default_command_line_arguments()
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ def test_linux_container_split(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch):
        textwrap.dedent(
            """
                [tool.cibuildwheel]
-                manylinux-x86_64-image = "normal_docker_image"
-                manylinux-i686-image = "normal_docker_image"
+                manylinux-x86_64-image = "normal_container_image"
+                manylinux-i686-image = "normal_container_image"
                build = "*-manylinux_x86_64"
                skip = "pp*"
                archs = "x86_64 i686"

                [[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
                select = "cp{38,39,310}-*"
-                manylinux-x86_64-image = "other_docker_image"
-                manylinux-i686-image = "other_docker_image"
+                manylinux-x86_64-image = "other_container_image"
+                manylinux-i686-image = "other_container_image"

                [[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
                select = "cp39-*"
@@ -57,14 +57,14 @@ def test_linux_container_split(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch):

    pprint(build_steps)

-    assert build_steps[0].docker_image == "normal_docker_image"
+    assert build_steps[0].container_image == "normal_container_image"
    assert identifiers(build_steps[0]) == ["cp36-manylinux_x86_64", "cp37-manylinux_x86_64"]
    assert before_alls(build_steps[0]) == ["", ""]

-    assert build_steps[1].docker_image == "other_docker_image"
+    assert build_steps[1].container_image == "other_container_image"
    assert identifiers(build_steps[1]) == ["cp38-manylinux_x86_64", "cp310-manylinux_x86_64"]
    assert before_alls(build_steps[1]) == ["", ""]

-    assert build_steps[2].docker_image == "other_docker_image"
+    assert build_steps[2].container_image == "other_container_image"
    assert identifiers(build_steps[2]) == ["cp39-manylinux_x86_64"]
    assert before_alls(build_steps[2]) == ["echo 'a cp39-only command'"]
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ else:

 from cibuildwheel.__main__ import main
 from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, _get_pinned_docker_images
+from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, _get_pinned_container_images
 from cibuildwheel.util import BuildSelector, resources_dir

 # CIBW_PLATFORM is tested in main_platform_test.py
@@ -339,6 +339,6 @@ def test_defaults(platform, intercepted_build_args):

    if platform == "linux":
        assert build_options.manylinux_images
-        pinned_images = _get_pinned_docker_images()
+        pinned_images = _get_pinned_container_images()
        default_x86_64_image = pinned_images["x86_64"][defaults["manylinux-x86_64-image"]]
        assert build_options.manylinux_images["x86_64"] == default_x86_64_image
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import os
 import platform
 import random
 import shutil
@@ -6,9 +7,12 @@ import textwrap
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath

 import pytest
+import tomli_w

-from cibuildwheel.docker_container import DockerContainer
 from cibuildwheel.environment import EnvironmentAssignmentBash
+from cibuildwheel.oci_container import OCIContainer
+
+# Test utilities

 # for these tests we use manylinux2014 images, because they're available on
 # multi architectures and include python3.8
@@ -21,23 +25,41 @@ elif pm == "ppc64le":
    DEFAULT_IMAGE = "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2020-05-17-2f8ac3b"
 elif pm == "s390x":
    DEFAULT_IMAGE = "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2020-05-17-2f8ac3b"
+else:
+    DEFAULT_IMAGE = ""


-@pytest.mark.docker
-def test_simple():
-    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+@pytest.fixture(params=["docker", "podman"])
+def container_engine(request):
+    if request.param == "docker" and not request.config.getoption("--run-docker"):
+        pytest.skip("need --run-docker option to run")
+    if request.param == "podman" and not request.config.getoption("--run-podman"):
+        pytest.skip("need --run-podman option to run")
+    return request.param
+
+
+# Tests
+
+
+def test_simple(container_engine):
+    with OCIContainer(engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
        assert container.call(["echo", "hello"], capture_output=True) == "hello\n"


-@pytest.mark.docker
-def test_no_lf():
-    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+def test_no_lf(container_engine):
+    with OCIContainer(engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
        assert container.call(["printf", "hello"], capture_output=True) == "hello"


-@pytest.mark.docker
-def test_environment():
-    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+def test_debug_info(container_engine):
+    container = OCIContainer(engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE)
+    print(container.debug_info())
+    with container:
+        pass
+
+
+def test_environment(container_engine):
+    with OCIContainer(engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
        assert (
            container.call(
                ["sh", "-c", "echo $TEST_VAR"], env={"TEST_VAR": "1"}, capture_output=True
@@ -46,20 +68,18 @@ def test_environment():
        )


-@pytest.mark.docker
-def test_cwd():
-    with DockerContainer(
-        docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE, cwd="/cibuildwheel/working_directory"
+def test_cwd(container_engine):
+    with OCIContainer(
+        engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE, cwd="/cibuildwheel/working_directory"
    ) as container:
        assert container.call(["pwd"], capture_output=True) == "/cibuildwheel/working_directory\n"
        assert container.call(["pwd"], capture_output=True, cwd="/opt") == "/opt\n"


-@pytest.mark.docker
-def test_container_removed():
-    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+def test_container_removed(container_engine):
+    with OCIContainer(engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
        docker_containers_listing = subprocess.run(
-            "docker container ls",
+            f"{container.engine} container ls",
            shell=True,
            check=True,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
@@ -70,7 +90,7 @@ def test_container_removed():
        old_container_name = container.name

    docker_containers_listing = subprocess.run(
-        "docker container ls",
+        f"{container.engine} container ls",
        shell=True,
        check=True,
        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
@@ -79,8 +99,7 @@ def test_container_removed():
    assert old_container_name not in docker_containers_listing


-@pytest.mark.docker
-def test_large_environment():
+def test_large_environment(container_engine):
    # max environment variable size is 128kB
    long_env_var_length = 127 * 1024
    large_environment = {
@@ -90,7 +109,7 @@ def test_large_environment():
        "d": "0" * long_env_var_length,
    }

-    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+    with OCIContainer(engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
        # check the length of d
        assert (
            container.call(["sh", "-c", "echo ${#d}"], env=large_environment, capture_output=True)
@@ -98,9 +117,8 @@ def test_large_environment():
        )


-@pytest.mark.docker
-def test_binary_output():
-    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+def test_binary_output(container_engine):
+    with OCIContainer(engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
        # note: the below embedded snippets are in python2

        # check that we can pass though arbitrary binary data without erroring
@@ -149,9 +167,8 @@ def test_binary_output():
        assert output == binary_data_string


-@pytest.mark.docker
-def test_file_operations(tmp_path: Path):
-    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+def test_file_operation(tmp_path: Path, container_engine):
+    with OCIContainer(engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
        # test copying a file in
        test_binary_data = bytes(random.randrange(256) for _ in range(1000))
        original_test_file = tmp_path / "test.dat"
@@ -165,9 +182,8 @@ def test_file_operations(tmp_path: Path):
        assert test_binary_data == bytes(output, encoding="utf8", errors="surrogateescape")


-@pytest.mark.docker
-def test_dir_operations(tmp_path: Path):
-    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+def test_dir_operations(tmp_path: Path, container_engine):
+    with OCIContainer(engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
        test_binary_data = bytes(random.randrange(256) for _ in range(1000))
        original_test_file = tmp_path / "test.dat"
        original_test_file.write_bytes(test_binary_data)
@@ -195,8 +211,86 @@ def test_dir_operations(tmp_path: Path):
        assert test_binary_data == (new_test_dir / "test.dat").read_bytes()


-@pytest.mark.docker
-def test_environment_executor():
-    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+def test_environment_executor(container_engine):
+    with OCIContainer(engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
        assignment = EnvironmentAssignmentBash("TEST=$(echo 42)")
        assert assignment.evaluated_value({}, container.environment_executor) == "42"
+
+
+def test_podman_vfs(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch, request):
+    # Tests podman VFS, for the podman in docker use-case
+    if not request.config.getoption("--run-podman"):
+        pytest.skip("need --run-podman option to run")
+
+    # create the VFS configuration
+    vfs_path = tmp_path / "podman_vfs"
+    vfs_path.mkdir()
+
+    # This requires that we write configuration files and point to them
+    # with environment variables before we run podman
+    # https://github.com/containers/common/blob/main/docs/containers.conf.5.md
+    vfs_containers_conf_data = {
+        "containers": {
+            "default_capabilities": [
+                "CHOWN",
+                "DAC_OVERRIDE",
+                "FOWNER",
+                "FSETID",
+                "KILL",
+                "NET_BIND_SERVICE",
+                "SETFCAP",
+                "SETGID",
+                "SETPCAP",
+                "SETUID",
+                "SYS_CHROOT",
+            ]
+        },
+        "engine": {"cgroup_manager": "cgroupfs", "events_logger": "file"},
+    }
+    # https://github.com/containers/storage/blob/main/docs/containers-storage.conf.5.md
+    storage_root = vfs_path / ".local/share/containers/vfs-storage"
+    run_root = vfs_path / ".local/share/containers/vfs-runroot"
+    storage_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    run_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    vfs_containers_storage_conf_data = {
+        "storage": {
+            "driver": "vfs",
+            "graphroot": os.fspath(storage_root),
+            "runroot": os.fspath(run_root),
+            "rootless_storage_path": os.fspath(storage_root),
+            "options": {
+                # "remap-user": "containers",
+                "aufs": {"mountopt": "rw"},
+                "overlay": {"mountopt": "rw", "force_mask": "shared"},
+                # "vfs": {"ignore_chown_errors": "true"},
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    vfs_containers_conf_fpath = vfs_path / "temp_vfs_containers.conf"
+    vfs_containers_storage_conf_fpath = vfs_path / "temp_vfs_containers_storage.conf"
+    with open(vfs_containers_conf_fpath, "wb") as file:
+        tomli_w.dump(vfs_containers_conf_data, file)
+
+    with open(vfs_containers_storage_conf_fpath, "wb") as file:
+        tomli_w.dump(vfs_containers_storage_conf_data, file)
+
+    monkeypatch.setenv("CONTAINERS_CONF", str(vfs_containers_conf_fpath))
+    monkeypatch.setenv("CONTAINERS_STORAGE_CONF", str(vfs_containers_storage_conf_fpath))
+
+    with OCIContainer(engine="podman", image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+        # test running a command
+        assert container.call(["echo", "hello"], capture_output=True) == "hello\n"
+
+        # test copying a file into the container
+        (tmp_path / "some_file.txt").write_text("1234")
+        container.copy_into(tmp_path / "some_file.txt", PurePosixPath("some_file.txt"))
+        assert container.call(["cat", "some_file.txt"], capture_output=True) == "1234"
+
+    # Clean up
+
+    # When using the VFS, user is not given write permissions by default in
+    # new directories. As a workaround we use 'podman unshare' to delete them
+    # as UID 0. The reason why permission errors occur on podman is documented
+    # in https://podman.io/blogs/2018/10/03/podman-remove-content-homedir.html
+    subprocess.run(["podman", "unshare", "rm", "-rf", vfs_path], check=True)
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ ALL_IDS = {"cp36", "cp37", "cp38", "cp39", "cp310", "pp37", "pp38", "pp39"}


@pytest.fixture
-def mock_build_docker(monkeypatch):
+def mock_build_container(monkeypatch):
    def fail_on_call(*args, **kwargs):
        raise RuntimeError("This should never be called")

@@ -35,58 +35,60 @@ def mock_build_docker(monkeypatch):
    monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "Popen", fail_on_call)
    monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", ignore_call)
    monkeypatch.setattr(util, "download", fail_on_call)
-    monkeypatch.setattr("cibuildwheel.linux.DockerContainer", ignore_context_call)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("cibuildwheel.linux.OCIContainer", ignore_context_call)

-    monkeypatch.setattr("cibuildwheel.linux.build_on_docker", mock.Mock(spec=linux.build_on_docker))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "cibuildwheel.linux.build_in_container", mock.Mock(spec=linux.build_in_container)
+    )
    monkeypatch.setattr("cibuildwheel.util.print_new_wheels", ignore_context_call)


-def test_build_default_launches(mock_build_docker, fake_package_dir, monkeypatch):
+def test_build_default_launches(mock_build_container, fake_package_dir, monkeypatch):
    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["cibuildwheel", "--platform=linux"])

    main()

-    build_on_docker = cast(mock.Mock, linux.build_on_docker)
+    build_in_container = cast(mock.Mock, linux.build_in_container)

-    assert build_on_docker.call_count == 4
+    assert build_in_container.call_count == 4

    # In Python 3.8+, this can be simplified to [0].kwargs
-    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[0][1]
-    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
-    assert not kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+    kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[0][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
+    assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]

    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
    assert identifiers == {f"{x}-manylinux_x86_64" for x in ALL_IDS}

-    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[1][1]
-    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+    kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[1][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
+    assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
+    assert kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]

    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
    assert identifiers == {f"{x}-manylinux_i686" for x in ALL_IDS}

-    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[2][1]
-    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
-    assert not kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+    kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[2][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
+    assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]

    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
    assert identifiers == {
        f"{x}-musllinux_x86_64" for x in ALL_IDS for x in ALL_IDS if "pp" not in x
    }

-    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[3][1]
-    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+    kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[3][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
+    assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
+    assert kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]

    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
    assert identifiers == {f"{x}-musllinux_i686" for x in ALL_IDS if "pp" not in x}


-def test_build_with_override_launches(mock_build_docker, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+def test_build_with_override_launches(mock_build_container, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
    pkg_dir = tmp_path / "cibw_package"
    pkg_dir.mkdir()

@@ -113,23 +115,23 @@ before-all = "true"

    main()

-    build_on_docker = cast(mock.Mock, linux.build_on_docker)
+    build_in_container = cast(mock.Mock, linux.build_in_container)

-    assert build_on_docker.call_count == 6
+    assert build_in_container.call_count == 6

-    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[0][1]
-    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
-    assert not kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+    kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[0][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
+    assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]

    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
    assert identifiers == {"cp36-manylinux_x86_64"}
    assert kwargs["options"].build_options("cp36-manylinux_x86_64").before_all == "true"

-    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[1][1]
-    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
-    assert not kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+    kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[1][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
+    assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]

    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
    assert identifiers == {
@@ -137,10 +139,10 @@ before-all = "true"
    }
    assert kwargs["options"].build_options("cp37-manylinux_x86_64").before_all == ""

-    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[2][1]
-    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
-    assert not kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+    kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[2][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
+    assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]
    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
    assert identifiers == {
        "cp310-manylinux_x86_64",
@@ -149,28 +151,28 @@ before-all = "true"
        "pp39-manylinux_x86_64",
    }

-    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[3][1]
-    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+    kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[3][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
+    assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
+    assert kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]

    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
    assert identifiers == {f"{x}-manylinux_i686" for x in ALL_IDS}

-    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[4][1]
-    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
-    assert not kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+    kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[4][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
+    assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]

    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
    assert identifiers == {
        f"{x}-musllinux_x86_64" for x in ALL_IDS for x in ALL_IDS if "pp" not in x
    }

-    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[5][1]
-    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
-    assert kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+    kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[5][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
+    assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
+    assert kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]

    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
    assert identifiers == {f"{x}-musllinux_i686" for x in ALL_IDS if "pp" not in x}
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import pytest

 from cibuildwheel.__main__ import get_build_identifiers
 from cibuildwheel.environment import parse_environment
-from cibuildwheel.options import Options, _get_pinned_docker_images
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options, _get_pinned_container_images

 from .utils import get_default_command_line_arguments

@@ -58,18 +58,18 @@ test_command: 'pyproject'

    assert default_build_options.environment == parse_environment('FOO="BAR"')

-    all_pinned_docker_images = _get_pinned_docker_images()
-    pinned_x86_64_docker_image = all_pinned_docker_images["x86_64"]
+    all_pinned_container_images = _get_pinned_container_images()
+    pinned_x86_64_container_image = all_pinned_container_images["x86_64"]

    local = options.build_options("cp38-manylinux_x86_64")
    assert local.manylinux_images is not None
    assert local.test_command == "pyproject"
-    assert local.manylinux_images["x86_64"] == pinned_x86_64_docker_image["manylinux1"]
+    assert local.manylinux_images["x86_64"] == pinned_x86_64_container_image["manylinux1"]

    local = options.build_options("cp37-manylinux_x86_64")
    assert local.manylinux_images is not None
    assert local.test_command == "pyproject-override"
-    assert local.manylinux_images["x86_64"] == pinned_x86_64_docker_image["manylinux2014"]
+    assert local.manylinux_images["x86_64"] == pinned_x86_64_container_image["manylinux2014"]


 def test_passthrough(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments


 def get_default_command_line_arguments() -> CommandLineArguments:
-    defaults = CommandLineArguments()
-
-    defaults.platform = "auto"
-    defaults.allow_empty = False
-    defaults.archs = None
-    defaults.config_file = ""
-    defaults.output_dir = Path("wheelhouse")
-    defaults.package_dir = Path(".")
-    defaults.prerelease_pythons = False
-    defaults.print_build_identifiers = False
+    defaults = CommandLineArguments(
+        platform="auto",
+        allow_empty=False,
+        archs=None,
+        config_file="",
+        output_dir=Path("wheelhouse"),
+        package_dir=Path("."),
+        prerelease_pythons=False,
+        print_build_identifiers=False,
+    )

    return defaults
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-from cibuildwheel.util import format_safe, prepare_command
+from pathlib import PurePath
+
+import pytest
+
+from cibuildwheel.util import find_compatible_wheel, format_safe, prepare_command


 def test_format_safe():
@@ -46,3 +50,41 @@ def test_prepare_command():
        prepare_command("{a}{a,b}{b:.2e}{c}{d%s}{e:3}{f[0]}", a="42", b="3.14159")
        == "42{a,b}{b:.2e}{c}{d%s}{e:3}{f[0]}"
    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "wheel,identifier",
+    (
+        ("foo-0.1-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl", "cp310-win_amd64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-cp38-abi3-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl", "cp310-macosx_x86_64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-cp38-abi3-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", "cp310-manylinux_x86_64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-cp38-abi3-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl", "cp310-musllinux_x86_64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-py2.py3-none-win_amd64.whl", "cp310-win_amd64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-py2.py3-none-win_amd64.whl", "pp310-win_amd64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", "cp310-win_amd64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-py38-none-win_amd64.whl", "cp310-win_amd64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-py38-none-win_amd64.whl", "pp310-win_amd64"),
+    ),
+)
+def test_find_compatible_wheel_found(wheel: str, identifier: str):
+    wheel_ = PurePath(wheel)
+    found = find_compatible_wheel([wheel_], identifier)
+    assert found is wheel_
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "wheel,identifier",
+    (
+        ("foo-0.1-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl", "cp310-win32"),
+        ("foo-0.1-cp38-abi3-win_amd64.whl", "cp37-win_amd64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-cp38-abi3-macosx_11_0_x86_64.whl", "cp310-macosx_universal2"),
+        ("foo-0.1-cp38-abi3-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", "cp310-musllinux_x86_64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-cp38-abi3-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl", "cp310-manylinux_x86_64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-py2-none-win_amd64.whl", "cp310-win_amd64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-py38-none-win_amd64.whl", "cp37-win_amd64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-py38-none-win_amd64.whl", "pp37-win_amd64"),
+        ("foo-0.1-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl", "cp310-win_amd64"),
+    ),
+)
+def test_find_compatible_wheel_not_found(wheel: str, identifier: str):
+    assert find_compatible_wheel([PurePath(wheel)], identifier) is None
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Joe Rickerby	afb4329fe3	Bump version: v2.8.1	2022-07-18 21:41:54 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	5d73e913d8	Merge pull request #1185 from pypa/pre-commit-ci-update-config [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate	2022-07-18 21:16:57 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	444c40f590	Merge pull request #1180 from pypa/update-dependencies-pr [Bot] Update dependencies	2022-07-18 21:14:30 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	98f5bc52f0	Merge pull request #1182 from larsoner/bump-macos DOC: Bump to non-deprecated image	2022-07-18 21:07:32 +01:00
pre-commit-ci[bot]	8bf28fb1ac	[pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate updates: - [github.com/hadialqattan/pycln: v2.0.1 → v2.0.3](https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln/compare/v2.0.1...v2.0.3)	2022-07-18 18:44:03 +00:00
cibuildwheel-bot[bot]	39176acc4b	Update dependencies	2022-07-18 16:12:23 +00:00
Henry Schreiner	61821a8473	fix(docs): pin things due to the mkdocs pin (#1181 ) Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>	2022-07-18 09:14:51 -05:00
Eric Larson	a7b7d146b9	FIX: Name	2022-07-17 15:26:34 -04:00
Eric Larson	0e1878bcdb	DOC: Bump to non-deprecated image	2022-07-17 14:31:45 -04:00
Joe Rickerby	7c922f99d4	Merge pull request #1147 from abitrolly/patch-2 Clear up that BEFORE_ALL runs outside of Python env	2022-07-15 18:03:57 +01:00
Henry Schreiner	ee85748505	ci: fix update script (#1179 )	2022-07-15 07:57:22 -05:00
Eric Larson	0b1e5818ba	doc: typo manylinux_2_24 (#1178 ) * DOC: Typo manylinux_2_24 * FIX: Need to quote the braces	2022-07-14 21:23:04 -05:00
Joe Rickerby	57800921c5	Don't attempt to test CPython 3.8 wheels on Apple Silicon. (#1171 ) I've added a warning for users, so they know that it doesn't get tested. See discussion in #1169 for the reason why. Fixes #1168, fixes #1169	2022-07-14 11:42:40 +02:00
Matthieu Darbois	88d432ca21	Merge pull request #1114 from mayeut/action-tool-cache action: use the most recent python from tool cache to run the GitHub Action	2022-07-14 11:39:38 +02:00
Joe Rickerby	e50075b96f	fix: expand the catch statement on util.download to be more robust (#1173 ) URLError and SSLError both subclass OSError. Should prevent random network errors like this from breaking the build https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/pypa/cibuildwheel/3668/workflows/6a3b6066-e892-48c4-bb6b-4c094b1c814e/jobs/9933?invite=true#step-103-623	2022-07-13 09:02:32 -05:00
pre-commit-ci[bot]andpre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	6afe95e6ae	[pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate (#1172 ) updates: - [github.com/asottile/pyupgrade: v2.34.0 → v2.37.1](https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade/compare/v2.34.0...v2.37.1) - [github.com/hadialqattan/pycln: v1.3.5 → v2.0.1](https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln/compare/v1.3.5...v2.0.1) Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	2022-07-13 09:01:52 -05:00
Bill Littleandpre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	9f526509d7	docs: add cf-units to working examples docs (#1170 ) * add cf-units to working examples docs * [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci * review action - remove notes Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	2022-07-13 09:01:30 -05:00
Henry Schreiner	de53d48373	ci: try ubuntu 18.04	2022-07-12 08:46:45 -05:00
Joe Rickerby	024bc2dc7f	Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into action-tool-cache	2022-07-11 18:31:18 +02:00
Joe Rickerby	d76bbb6046	Consolidate Github Actions sample builds	2022-07-11 18:29:09 +02:00
Henry Schreiner	f423b51ea6	Update action.yml	2022-07-11 09:34:04 -05:00
Joe Rickerby	f349304eb7	Small changelog wording changes	2022-07-05 18:36:03 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	5ef488ba30	Bump version: v2.8.0	2022-07-05 18:33:12 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	40f92bd1bc	Proposal to improve this doc entry	2022-07-05 17:15:09 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	e035e3a289	Merge pull request #1152 from mayeut/already-built fix: error out if multiple wheels with the same name are produced	2022-07-05 16:58:52 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	6fe0354c26	Merge pull request #966 from Erotemic/new_podman_support Podman support on Linux	2022-07-05 16:57:03 +01:00
pre-commit-ci[bot]andpre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	227125cdf8	[pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate (#1167 ) updates: - [github.com/psf/black: 22.3.0 → 22.6.0](https://github.com/psf/black/compare/22.3.0...22.6.0) Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>	2022-07-05 09:13:34 -04:00
dependabot[bot]dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>Henry Schreiner	c4f1c31ccc	chore(deps): bump actions/setup-python from 3 to 4 (#1134 ) * chore(deps): bump actions/setup-python from 3 to 4 Bumps [actions/setup-python](https://github.com/actions/setup-python) from 3 to 4. - [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/compare/v3...v4) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: actions/setup-python dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-major ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com> * Apply suggestions from code review Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <HenrySchreinerIII@gmail.com>	2022-07-05 09:13:25 -04:00
Henry Schreiner	5e2d02d809	Merge branch 'main' into new_podman_support	2022-07-03 14:04:06 -04:00
Henry Schreiner	9ed9e6b960	Merge branch 'main' into already-built	2022-07-03 14:02:42 -04:00
Joe Rickerby	d02366f547	fix: multiple version tags per release bug in release tooling (#1166 )	2022-07-03 14:00:19 -04:00
Matthieu Darbois Joe Rickerby Henry Schreiner	9a537512c1	feat: add support for `py3-none-{platform}` wheels (#1151 ) * feature: add support for `py3-none-{platform}` wheels This extends the mechanism introduced in #1091 for `abi3` wheels. Most of the mentions to `abi3` have been removed and replaced by a more generic `compatible_wheel`. This allows to build a wheel `foo-0.1-py3-none-win_amd64.whl` only once and still test with every configured python. * Add integration test for py3-none abi wheels * Fix expected_wheels for py3-none abi * Limit test to three pythons and check for certain log messages * chore: add some comments to explain filter process Co-authored-by: Joe Rickerby <joerick@mac.com> Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>	2022-07-03 14:00:00 -04:00
joncrall	a3616700f5	Pass cwd to first two calls	2022-06-29 21:00:15 -04:00
Henry Schreiner	075792473a	chore: simpler dependabot (#1165 ) * chore: simpler dependabot Ignores no longer needed after April 2022. Dependabot keeps the same style pinning now. * Update faq.md	2022-06-29 18:10:35 -04:00
mayeut	25c1bf53d0	action: use the most recent python from tool cache to run the GitHub Action	2022-06-29 22:09:03 +02:00
Joe Rickerby	c4bb04567b	Add docs for CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE	2022-06-29 21:06:24 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	7c56b98331	Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into new_podman_support	2022-06-29 20:20:36 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	f69fa19d07	Run podman tests only on linux	2022-06-29 20:18:08 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	0107cc32b3	Merge pull request #1099 from henryiii/henryiii/refactor/namespace refactor: use dataclasses instead of NamedTuples	2022-06-29 12:03:26 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	ac1bce28ad	Merge pull request #1162 from pypa/update-dependencies-pr [Bot] Update dependencies	2022-06-29 11:58:43 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	90552fc2ea	Merge pull request #1163 from pypa/pre-commit-ci-update-config [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate	2022-06-29 11:58:02 +01:00
joncrall	f182ed3cfa	Fix spelling	2022-06-27 23:40:41 -04:00
pre-commit-ci[bot]	062ab6cb93	[pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci	2022-06-27 20:24:15 +00:00
joncrall	46678e24e3	Inlined podman install	2022-06-27 16:24:00 -04:00
joncrall	12a3fa2d3e	Use tomli_w instead of toml	2022-06-27 16:23:02 -04:00
pre-commit-ci[bot]	e7de8a4760	[pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate updates: - [github.com/hadialqattan/pycln: v1.3.3 → v1.3.5](https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln/compare/v1.3.3...v1.3.5)	2022-06-27 18:35:29 +00:00
Joe Rickerby	22ba00bb46	Fix missing rename	2022-06-27 19:32:35 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	b612a6c993	Actually run the podman integration test on podman :)	2022-06-27 19:19:00 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	f23d8aaae5	Add an integration test for a podman build	2022-06-27 19:08:46 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	e5ef3c1b76	Tweak test config to remove always-skipped test	2022-06-27 18:35:28 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	d66c1e92bf	Lots more naming changes to reflect that containers are not necessarily 'docker'	2022-06-27 18:30:49 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	1d2e5d5d8f	Rename DockerContainer -> OCIContainer, and a few other things OCIContainer.container_engine -> OCIContainer.engine OCIContainer.docker_image -> OCIContainer.image Variables that refer to 'docker_images' have been renamed to 'container_images'	2022-06-27 17:46:22 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	2457006796	Make container-engine a global option, since that's how its being used	2022-06-27 17:32:40 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	3bd759f50c	Add some type safety to the container_engine option	2022-06-27 17:26:31 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	de3144a947	Remove unused imports	2022-06-27 16:53:08 +01:00
pre-commit-ci[bot]	38faa27943	[pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci	2022-06-27 15:47:31 +00:00
Joe Rickerby	6a371aca73	Refactor the tests to use --run-docker and --run-podman Simplified test setup using a parameterised fixture. The VFS test is now just a single test that handles its own clean up.	2022-06-27 16:45:27 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	d9b4644286	Don't need shell for this command	2022-06-27 15:23:50 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	8d389467be	Switch to the simpler podman cp implementation The trick is "{src_path}/.". See https://docs.podman.io/en/latest/markdown/podman-cp.1.html#description	2022-06-27 14:48:33 +01:00
cibuildwheel-bot[bot]	4bc5d90430	Update dependencies	2022-06-27 06:16:07 +00:00
joncrall	fc0db95198	more mypy fixes	2022-06-26 17:35:53 -04:00
joncrall	a86cabc716	forgot to monkeypatch a test	2022-06-26 17:23:52 -04:00
joncrall	086ead0d6b	remove missing imports	2022-06-26 17:22:44 -04:00
joncrall	c68223b172	Make mypy happy	2022-06-26 17:21:59 -04:00
pre-commit-ci[bot]	9401c90ddb	[pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci	2022-06-26 21:10:51 +00:00
joncrall	1599383429	Cleanup	2022-06-26 17:10:02 -04:00
joncrall	4a7d89b3c8	Does podman work with the original host args	2022-06-26 16:57:26 -04:00
joncrall	90945a38d2	reworks	2022-06-26 15:53:44 -04:00
mayeut	ef18186c45	fix: error out if multiple wheels with the same name are produced We shouldn't silently overwrite wheels that are produced in the same run that have the same filename, as this implies a misconfiguration.	2022-06-26 11:32:33 +02:00
mayeut	0696c94710	feature: add support for `py3-none-{platform}` wheels This extends the mechanism introduced in #1091 for `abi3` wheels. Most of the mentions to `abi3` have been removed and replaced by a more generic `compatible_wheel`. This allows to build a wheel `foo-0.1-py3-none-win_amd64.whl` only once and still test with every configured python.	2022-06-26 11:31:59 +02:00
Joe Rickerby	4e7a94ecad	Merge pull request #1149 from pypa/pip-option-doc Document use of pip options through environment variables	2022-06-25 17:57:31 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	7abdc0666d	Merge pull request #1156 from pypa/update-dependencies-pr [Bot] Update dependencies	2022-06-25 17:31:14 +01:00
joncrall	65d70682af	have doctest use a pinned docker images	2022-06-23 11:08:09 -04:00
joncrall	9c188d7555	Merge branch 'new_podman_support' of github.com:Erotemic/cibuildwheel into new_podman_support	2022-06-23 11:03:15 -04:00
joncrall	08bf6bfc8b	Fix bad fmtstring	2022-06-23 11:03:09 -04:00
pre-commit-ci[bot]	8dd76aaad7	[pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci	2022-06-23 15:01:00 +00:00
joncrall	df317a9000	Flattened podman support commits	2022-06-23 11:00:10 -04:00
cibuildwheel-bot[bot]	68aef79a9b	Update dependencies	2022-06-20 06:59:44 +00:00
Joe Rickerby	c3750edebb	Document use of pip options through environment variables	2022-06-19 10:45:07 +01:00
Joe Rickerby	0bf4f7abc3	Merge pull request #1135 from abitrolly/patch-1 Update GitHub Action examples	2022-06-19 09:54:31 +01:00
Anatoli Babenia	8afef34283	Clear up that BEFORE_ALL runs outside of Python env	2022-06-19 07:15:36 +03:00
Anatoli Babenia	c4bfbe2ef1	Clarify download action and why `name: artifact` is required https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/1135#pullrequestreview-1007698747	2022-06-18 15:46:08 +03:00
Anatoli Babenia	6994d9be4f	Document `config-file`, and add `with:` into example https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/action.yml	2022-06-18 15:27:16 +03:00
Anatoli Babenia	52945e1668	Update to latest GitHub Action versions checkout@v2 -> v3 upload/download-artifact@v2 -> v3 python-setup@v2 -> v3 pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@1.4.2 -> v1.5.0 Python latest is v4, but it breaks working with default Python version https://github.com/actions/setup-python/issues/421	2022-06-18 15:09:36 +03:00
Joe Rickerby	cdccbd1c46	Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into henryiii/refactor/namespace	2022-06-17 18:08:17 +01:00
Henry Schreiner	98fedb7e51	refactor: use dataclasses vs. NamedTuples	2022-04-28 11:41:47 -04:00