Bump version: v2.11.0

CI updates, fix up example configs

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 version: 2
 
 jobs:
-  osx-python3.6:
+  osx-python3.9:
     macos:
       xcode: 12.5.1
     environment:
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ jobs:
           command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
           no_output_timeout: 30m
 
-  linux-python3.6:
+  linux-python3.9:
     docker:
-      - image: circleci/python:3.6
+      - image: circleci/python:3.9
     environment:
       PYTHON: python3
       # Temporarily restrict the tests that are run on CircleCI to prevent
@@ -37,9 +37,30 @@ jobs:
           command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
           no_output_timeout: 30m
 
+  linux-aarch64:
+    machine:
+       image: ubuntu-2004:2022.04.1
+    resource_class: arm.medium
+    environment:
+      PYTHON: python3
+      # Temporarily restrict the tests that are run on CircleCI to prevent
+      # test timeouts.
+      PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or main_tests or test_0_basic or test_docker_images"
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+
+      - run:
+          name: Prepare the environment.
+          command: bash .circleci/prepare.sh
+      - run:
+          name: Test.
+          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
+          no_output_timeout: 30m
+
 workflows:
   version: 2
   all-tests:
     jobs:
-      - osx-python3.6
-      - linux-python3.6
+      - osx-python3.9
+      - linux-python3.9
+      - linux-aarch64

.cirrus.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+run_tests: &RUN_TESTS
+  install_cibuildwheel_script:
+    - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
+  run_cibuildwheel_tests_script:
+    - python ./bin/run_tests.py
+
+
+linux_x86_task:
+  timeout_in: 120m
+  compute_engine_instance:
+    image_project: cirrus-images
+    image: family/docker-builder
+    platform: linux
+    cpu: 8
+    memory: 8G
+
+  install_pre_requirements_script:
+    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
+  <<: *RUN_TESTS
+
+linux_aarch64_task:
+  compute_engine_instance:
+    image_project: cirrus-images
+    image: family/docker-builder-arm64
+    architecture: arm64
+    platform: linux
+    cpu: 4
+    memory: 4G
+
+  install_pre_requirements_script:
+    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
+  <<: *RUN_TESTS
+
+windows_x86_task:
+  # The task takes ~55 minutes while the timeout happens
+  # after 60 minutes by default, let's allow some wiggle room.
+  timeout_in: 120m
+  windows_container:
+    image: cirrusci/windowsservercore:visualstudio2022
+    cpu: 8
+    memory: 8G
+
+  install_pre_requirements_script:
+    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.10.6
+    - refreshenv
+    - echo PATH=%PATH% >> "%CIRRUS_ENV%"
+  <<: *RUN_TESTS
+
+macos_arm64_task:
+  macos_instance:
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
+
+  env:
+    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
+  install_pre_requirements_script:
+    - brew install python@3.10
+    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
+  <<: *RUN_TESTS
+
+macos_arm64_cp38_task:
+  macos_instance:
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
+
+  env:
+    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
+    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: --run-cp38-universal2 -k 'test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer or test_arch_auto'
+  install_pre_requirements_script:
+    - brew install python@3.10
+    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
+    - curl -fsSLO https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
+    - sudo installer -pkg python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg -target /
+    - rm python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
+    - sh "/Applications/Python 3.8/Install Certificates.command"
+  <<: *RUN_TESTS

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,3 @@ updates:
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
-    ignore:
-      - dependency-name: "actions/*"
-        update-types: ["version-update:semver-minor", "version-update:semver-patch"]

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build SDist and wheel
       run: pipx run build
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
       with:
         path: dist/*
 
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
       with:
         name: artifact
         path: dist
 
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.0
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.1
       with:
         user: __token__
         password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
-    - uses: pre-commit/action@v2.0.3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.x"
+    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.0
     - name: Check manifest
       run: pipx run nox -s check_manifest
     - name: PyLint checks
@@ -35,40 +37,52 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-11]
+        os: [ubuntu-18.04, windows-latest, macos-11]
         python_version: ['3.10']
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
 
+    # Install podman on this CI instance for podman tests on linux
+    # Snippet from: https://github.com/redhat-actions/podman-login/blob/main/.github/workflows/example.yml
+    - name: Install latest podman
+      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+      run: |
+        . /etc/os-release
+        echo "deb https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_${VERSION_ID}/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
+        curl -sSfL "https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_${VERSION_ID}/Release.key" | sudo apt-key add -
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get -y upgrade
+        sudo apt-get -y install podman
+
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         python -m pip install ".[test]"
 
-    - name: Sample build
-      if: "contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'CI: Sample build')"
-      run: |
-        python bin/sample_build.py
-
-    - name: Get some sample wheels
+    - name: Generate a sample project
       run: |
         python -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
-        cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse sample_proj
+
+    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
+      uses: ./
+      with:
+        package-dir: sample_proj
+        output-dir: wheelhouse
       env:
         CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
       with:
-        name: sample_wheels
+        name: sample_wheels_action
         path: wheelhouse
 
     - name: Test cibuildwheel
       run: |
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py --run-podman
 
   test-emulated:
     name: Test emulated cibuildwheel using qemu
@@ -77,14 +91,16 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.x"
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         python -m pip install ".[test]"
 
     - name: Set up QEMU
       id: qemu
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
       with:
         platforms: all
 

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
 name: Update dependencies
 
 on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml'
+      - 'bin/update_pythons.py'
+      - 'bin/update_docker.py'
+      - 'bin/update_virtualenv.py'
+      - 'bin/projects.py'
+      - 'docs/data/projects.yml'
+      - 'noxfile.py'
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 6 * * 1'  # "At 06:00 on Monday."
@@ -12,7 +21,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: excitedleigh/setup-nox@v2.0.0
+
+    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2022.8.7
+      with:
+        python-versions: "3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11-dev"
 
     - name: "Run update: dependencies"
       run: nox --force-color -s update_constraints
@@ -41,5 +53,7 @@ jobs:
 
           PR generated by "Update dependencies" [workflow](https://github.com/${{github.repository}}/actions/runs/${{github.run_id}}).
         branch: update-dependencies-pr
+        committer: "cibuildwheel-bot[bot] <83877280+cibuildwheel-bot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>"
+        author: "cibuildwheel-bot[bot] <83877280+cibuildwheel-bot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>"
         token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
         delete-branch: true

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -17,3 +17,16 @@ linux:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
     - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
     - python ./bin/run_tests.py
+
+windows:
+  image: mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:1809
+  variables:
+    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
+  before_script:
+    - choco install python -y --version 3.8.6
+  script:
+    - py -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform windows
+    - py -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
+    - py bin\run_tests.py
+  tags:
+    - windows

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 repos:
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v4.1.0
+  rev: v4.3.0
   hooks:
   - id: check-case-conflict
   - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -14,20 +14,15 @@ repos:
   - id: trailing-whitespace
 
 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-  rev: v2.31.1
+  rev: v3.0.0
   hooks:
   - id: pyupgrade
-    name: PyUpgrade 3.6+
-    args: ["--py36-plus"]
-    exclude: ^bin/
-  - id: pyupgrade
-    name: PyUpgrade 3.7+ on bin
-    exclude: ^(cibuildwheel|unit_test|test)/
     args: ["--py37-plus"]
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
 
 # Autoremoves unused imports
 - repo: https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln
-  rev: v1.2.5
+  rev: v2.1.1
   hooks:
   - id: pycln
     args: [--all]
@@ -37,30 +32,34 @@ repos:
   rev: 5.10.1
   hooks:
   - id: isort
+    args: ["-a", "from __future__ import annotations"]
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
 
 - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-  rev: 22.3.0
+  rev: 22.10.0
   hooks:
   - id: black
 
 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/setup-cfg-fmt
-  rev: v1.20.0
+  rev: v2.0.0
   hooks:
   - id: setup-cfg-fmt
+    args: [--include-version-classifiers, --max-py-version=3.10]
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v0.942
+  rev: v0.982
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.6 on cibuildwheel/
-    exclude: ^(bin|cibuildwheel/resources|docs)/.*py$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.6"]
+    name: mypy 3.7 on cibuildwheel/
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
+    args: ["--python-version=3.7"]
     additional_dependencies: &mypy-dependencies
       - nox
       - packaging>=21.0
       - pygithub
       - rich
       - tomli
+      - tomli_w
       - types-certifi
       - types-click
       - types-dataclasses
@@ -69,28 +68,23 @@ repos:
       - types-requests
       - bracex
       - dataclasses
-  - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.7+ on bin/
-    files: ^((bin|docs)/.*py)$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.7"]
-    additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
   - id: mypy
     name: mypy 3.10
     args: ["--python-version=3.10"]
     additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
 
 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/yesqa
-  rev: v1.3.0
+  rev: v1.4.0
   hooks:
   - id: yesqa
     additional_dependencies: &flake8-dependencies
     - flake8-bugbear
 
 - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
-  rev: 4.0.1
+  rev: 5.0.4
   hooks:
   - id: flake8
-    exclude: cibuildwheel/resources/
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/
     additional_dependencies: *flake8-dependencies
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks
@@ -115,6 +109,7 @@ repos:
     entry: PyBind|Numpy|Cmake|Github|PyTest
     types:
     - markdown
+    exclude: ^docs/working-examples\.md$  # Autogenerated
   - id: update-readme-changelog
     name: Update README changelog
     language: python
@@ -122,7 +117,8 @@ repos:
     files: ^docs/changelog.md$
 
 - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-  rev: v2.1.0
+  rev: v2.2.1
   hooks:
   - id: codespell
     args: ["-L", "sur"]
+    exclude: ^docs/working-examples\.md$  # Autogenerated

.travis.yml

@@ -8,21 +8,21 @@ branches:
 
 jobs:
   include:
-    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.6
-      python: 3.6
+    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.7
+      python: 3.7
       services: docker
       env: PYTHON=python
 
-    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.6
-      python: 3.6
+    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.7
+      python: 3.7
       services: docker
       arch: arm64-graviton2
       group: edge
       virt: vm
       env: PYTHON=python
 
-    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.6
-      python: 3.6
+    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.7
+      python: 3.7
       services: docker
       arch: ppc64le
       allow_failure: True
@@ -32,18 +32,18 @@ jobs:
         # c.f. https://travis-ci.community/t/running-out-of-disk-space-quota-when-using-docker-on-ppc64le/11634
         - PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "not test_manylinuxXXXX_only"'
 
-    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.6
+    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.7
       os: windows
       language: shell
       before_install:
-        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.6.8 --limit-output
+        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.7.9 --limit-output
         # Update root certificates to fix SSL error; see http://www.chawn.com/RootCerts.htm
         - powershell "md C:\temp\certs; CertUtil -generateSSTFromWU C:\temp\certs\RootStore.sst; Get-ChildItem -Path C:\\temp\certs\Rootstore.sst | Import-Certificate -CertStoreLocation Cert:\\LocalMachine\\Root\\ | out-null"
       env:
-        - PYTHON=C:\\Python36\\python
+        - PYTHON=C:\\Python37\\python
 
-    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.6
-      python: 3.6
+    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.7
+      python: 3.7
       services: docker
       arch: s390x
       env: PYTHON=python
@@ -52,4 +52,11 @@ install:
 - $PYTHON -m pip install -U pip
 - $PYTHON -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
 
-script: $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py
+script: |
+  # travis_wait disable the output while waiting
+  # use the same kind of tricks as in multibuild
+  (while true; do echo "travis_keep_alive"; sleep 300; done) &
+  SPINNER_PID=$!
+  disown
+  $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py
+  kill -9 ${SPINNER_PID}

CI.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 This is a summary of the Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
 
-|          | 3.6                          | 3.7                         | 3.8              |
-|----------|------------------------------|-----------------------------|------------------|
-| Linux    | Travis CI / CircleCI         | AppVeyor¹ / GitHub Actions  | Azure Pipelines  |
-| macOS    | CircleCI                     | AppVeyor¹ / GitHub Actions  | Azure Pipelines  |
-| Windows  | Travis CI / Azure Pipelines  | AppVeyor¹ / GitHub Actions  | Azure Pipelines  |
+|          | 3.7                   | 3.8                       | 3.9      | 3.10                      |
+|----------|-----------------------|---------------------------|----------|---------------------------|
+| Linux    | AppVeyor¹ / Travis CI | Azure Pipelines / GitLab  | CircleCI | GitHub Actions, Cirrus CI |
+| macOS    | AppVeyor¹ / Travis CI | Azure Pipelines           | CircleCI | GitHub Actions, Cirrus CI |
+| Windows  | AppVeyor¹ / Travis CI | Azure Pipelines           |          | GitHub Actions, Cirrus CI |
 
 > ¹ AppVeyor only runs the "basic" test to reduce load.
 
-Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.6.
+Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.7.

README.md

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ cibuildwheel
 [![Appveyor status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/gt3vwl88yt0y3hur/branch/main?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/joerick/cibuildwheel/branch/main)
 [![CircleCI Status](https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=circleci)](https://circleci.com/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [![Azure Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/pypa.cibuildwheel?branchName=main)](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=4&branchName=main)
+[![Cirrus CI Status](https://img.shields.io/cirrus/github/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=cirrusci)](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 
 
 [Documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.org)
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ What does it do?
 | CPython 3.8   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
 | CPython 3.9   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅³ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
 | CPython 3.10  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.11  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
 | PyPy 3.7 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
 | PyPy 3.8 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
 | PyPy 3.9 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ What does it do?
 <sup>³ Alpine 3.14 and very briefly 3.15's default python3 [was not able to load](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/934) musllinux wheels. This has been fixed; please upgrade the python package if using Alpine from before the fix.</sup><br>
 
 - Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+, and Windows wheels for CPython and PyPy
-- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, and GitLab CI
+- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
 - Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS through [auditwheel](https://github.com/pypa/auditwheel) and [delocate](https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
 - Runs your library's tests against the wheel-installed version of your library
 
@@ -49,16 +51,20 @@ Usage
 
 `cibuildwheel` runs inside a CI service. Supported platforms depend on which service you're using:
 
-|                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM |
-|-----------------|-------|-------|---------|--------------|
-| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅¹          |
-| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |              |
-| Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅           |
-| AppVeyor        | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |              |
-| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         |              |
-| Gitlab CI       | ✅    |       |         |              |
+|                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM | macOS ARM | Windows ARM |
+|-----------------|-------|-------|---------|-----------|-----------|-------------|
+| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅¹       | ✅²       | ✅⁴         |
+| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |           | ✅²       | ✅⁴         |
+| Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅        |           |             |
+| AppVeyor        | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |           | ✅²       | ✅⁴         |
+| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅        | ✅²       |             |
+| Gitlab CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅¹       |           |             |
+| Cirrus CI       | ✅    | ✅³   | ✅      | ✅        | ✅        |             |
 
 <sup>¹ [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
+<sup>² [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#universal2). It is not possible to test `arm64` and the `arm64` part of a `universal2` wheel on this CI platform.</sup><br>
+<sup>³ [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#universal2). Thanks to Rosetta 2 emulation, it is possible to test `x86_64` and both parts of a `universal2` wheel on this CI platform.</sup><br>
+<sup>⁴ [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup>
 
 <!--intro-end-->
 
@@ -78,16 +84,16 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macOS-10.15]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macOS-11]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       # Used to host cibuildwheel
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
 
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
 
       - name: Build wheels
         run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -95,13 +101,22 @@ jobs:
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 
 For more information, including PyPI deployment, and the use of other CI services or the dedicated GitHub Action, check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.org) and the [examples](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/tree/main/examples).
 
+How it works
+------------
+
+The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platform.
+
+![](docs/data/how-it-works.png)
+
+<sup>Explore an interactive version of this diagram [in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#how-it-works).</sup>
+
 Options
 -------
 
@@ -117,8 +132,9 @@ Options
 |   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#environment-pass)  | Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build. |
 |   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-all)  | Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built. |
 |   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-build)  | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
-|   | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command)  | Execute a shell command to repair each (non-pure Python) built wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command)  | Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel |
 |   | [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`<br/>`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)  | Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux Docker images |
+|   | [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine)  | Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels |
 |   | [`CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)  | Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses |
 | **Testing** | [`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-command)  | Execute a shell command to test each built wheel |
 |   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_TEST`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-test)  | Execute a shell command before testing each wheel |
@@ -141,26 +157,26 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 | Name                              | CI | OS | Notes |
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
+| [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
 | [Tornado][]                       | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
-| [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | MyPyC, the compiled component of MyPy. |
+| [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
+| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
+| [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
+| [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [pydantic][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Data parsing and validation using Python type hints |
-| [uvloop][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast asyncio event loop. |
-| [psutil][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python |
-| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
-| [Google Benchmark][]              | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A microbenchmark support library |
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
+[NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
+[NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
+[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
+[Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [pydantic]: https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic
-[uvloop]: https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop
-[psutil]: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
-[vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
-[Google Benchmark]: https://github.com/google/benchmark
 
 [appveyor icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/appveyor.svg
 [github icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/github.svg
@@ -168,6 +184,7 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 [circleci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/circleci.svg
 [gitlab icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/gitlab.svg
 [travisci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/travisci.svg
+[cirrusci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/cirrusci.svg
 [windows icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/windows.svg
 [apple icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/apple.svg
 [linux icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/linux.svg
@@ -192,51 +209,53 @@ Changelog
 
 <!-- this section was generated by bin/update_readme_changelog.py -- do not edit manually -->
 
-### v2.4.0
+### v2.11.0
 
-_2 April 2022_
+_13 October 2022_
 
-- ✨ cibuildwheel now supports running locally on Windows and macOS (as well as Linux). On macOS, you'll have to install the versions of Pythons that you want to use from Python.org, and cibuildwheel will use them. On Windows, cibuildwheel will install it's own versions of Python. Check out [the documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#local) for instructions. (#974)
-- ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.9 wheels. (#1031)
-- ✨ Listing at the end of the build now displays the size of each wheel (#975)
-- 🐛 Workaround a connection timeout bug on Travis CI ppc64le runners (#906)
-- 🐛 Fix an encoding error when reading setup.py in the wrong encoding (#977)
-- 🛠 Setuptools updated to 61.3.0, including experimental support for reading config from pyproject.toml(PEP 621). This could change the behaviour of your build if you have a pyproject.toml with a `[project]` table, because that takes precedence over setup.py and setup.cfg. Check out the [setuptools docs](https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/pyproject_config.html) and the [project metadata specification](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/declaring-project-metadata/) for more info.
-- 🛠 Many other dependency updates.
-- 📚 Minor docs improvements
+- 🌟 Adds support for cross-compiling Windows ARM64 wheels. To use this feature, add `ARM64` to the [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs) option on a Windows Intel runner. (#1144)
+- ✨ Adds support for building Linux aarch64 wheels on Circle CI. (#1307)
+- ✨ Adds support for building Windows wheels on Gitlab CI. (#1295)
+- ✨ Adds support for building Linux aarch64 wheels under emulation on Gitlab CI. (#1295)
+- ✨ Adds the ability to test `cp38-macosx_arm64` wheels on a native arm64 runner. To do this, you'll need to preinstall the (experimental) [universal2 version of CPython 3.8](https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg) on your arm64 runner before invoking cibuildwheel. Note: it is not recommended to build x86_64 wheels with this setup, your wheels will have limited compatibility wrt macOS versions. (#1283)
+- 🛠 Improved error messages when using custom Docker images and Python cannot be found at the correct path. (#1298)
+- 📚 Sample configs for Azure Pipelines and Travis CI updated (#1296)
+- 📚 Other docs improvements - including more information about using Homebrew for build dependencies (#1290)
 
-### v2.3.1
+### v2.10.2
 
-_14 December 2021_
+_25 September 2022_
 
-- 🐛 Setting pip options like `PIP_USE_DEPRECATED` in `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` no longer adversely affects cibuildwheel's ability to set up a Python environment (#956)
-- 📚 Docs fixes and improvements
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that caused `win32` identifiers to fail when used with `--only`. (#1282)
+- 🐛 Fix computation of `auto`/`auto64`/`auto32` archs when targeting a different platform to the one that you're running cibuildwheel on. (#1266)
+- 📚 Fix an mistake in the 'how it works' diagram. (#1274)
 
-### v2.3.0
+### v2.10.1
 
-_26 November 2021_
+_18 September 2022_
 
-- 📈 cibuildwheel now defaults to manylinux2014 image for linux builds, rather than manylinux2010. If you want to stick with manylinux2010, it's simple to set this using [the image options](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image). (#926)
-- ✨ You can now pass environment variables from the host machine into the Docker container during a Linux build. Check out [the docs for `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX `](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/options/#environment-pass) for the details. (#914)
-- ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.8 wheels. (#881)
-- ✨ Added support for building Windows arm64 CPython wheels on a Windows arm64 runner. We can't test this in CI yet, so for now, this is experimental. (#920)
-- 📚 Improved the deployment documentation (#911)
-- 🛠 Changed the escaping behaviour inside cibuildwheel's  option placeholders e.g. `{project}` in `before_build` or `{dest_dir}` in `repair_wheel_command`. This allows bash syntax like `${SOME_VAR}` to passthrough without being interpreted as a placeholder by cibuildwheel. See [this section](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#placeholders) in the docs for more info. (#889)
-- 🛠 Pip updated to 21.3, meaning it now defaults to in-tree builds again. If this causes an issue with your project, setting environment variable `PIP_USE_DEPRECATED=out-of-tree-build` is available as a temporary flag to restore the old behaviour. However, be aware that this flag will probably be removed soon. (#881)
-- 🐛 You can now access the current Python interpreter using `python3` within a build on Windows (#917)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that stopped environment variables specified in TOML from being expanded. (#1273)
 
-### v2.2.2
+### v2.10.0
 
-_26 October 2021_
+_13 September 2022_
 
-- 🐛 Fix bug in the GitHub Action step causing a syntax error (#895)
+- 🌟 Adds support for [building wheels on Cirrus CI](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#cirrus-ci). This is exciting for us, as it's the first public CI platform that natively supports macOS Apple Silicon (aka. M1, `arm64`) runners. As such, it's the first platform that you can natively build _and test_ macOS `arm64` wheels. It also has native Linux ARM (aarch64) runners, for fast, native builds there. (#1191)
+- 🌟 Adds support for running cibuildwheel on Apple Silicon machines. For a while, we've supported cross-compilation of Apple Silicon wheels on `x86_64`, but now that we have Cirrus CI we can run our test suite and officially support running cibuildwheel on `arm64`. (#1191)
+- ✨ Adds the `--only` [command line option](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line), to specify a single build to run. Previously, it could be cumbersome to set all the build selection options to target a specific build - for example, you might have to run something like `CIBW_BUILD=cp39-manylinux_x86_64 cibuildwheel --platform linux --archs x86_64`. The new `--only` option overrides all the build selection options to simplify running a single build, which now looks like `cibuildwheel --only cp39-manylinux_x86_64`. (#1098)
+- ✨ Adds the [`CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) option, so you can pass arguments to your package's build backend (#1244)
+- 🛠 Updates the CPython 3.11 version to the latest release candidate - v3.11.0rc2. (#1265)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that can cause a RecursionError on Windows when building from an sdist. (#1253)
+- 🛠 Add support for the s390x architecture on manylinux_2_28 (#1255)
 
-### v2.2.1
+### v2.9.0
 
-_26 October 2021_
+_11 August 2022_
 
-- 🛠 Added a `config-file` option on the GitHub Action to specify something other than pyproject.toml in your GitHub Workflow file. (#883)
-- 🐛 Fix missing resources in sdist and released wheel on PyPI. We've also made some internal changes to our release processes to make them more reliable. (#893, #894)
+- 🌟 CPython 3.11 wheels are now built by default - without the CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS flag. It's time to build and upload these wheels to PyPI! This release includes CPython 3.11.0rc1, which is guaranteed to be ABI compatible with the final release. (#1226)
+- ⚠️ Removed support for running cibuildwheel in Python 3.6. Python 3.6 is EOL. However, cibuildwheel continues to build CPython 3.6 wheels for the moment. (#1175)
+- ✨ Improved error messages when misspelling TOML options, suggesting close matches (#1205)
+- 🛠 When running on Apple Silicon (so far, an unsupported mode of operation), cibuildwheel no longer builds universal2 wheels by default - just arm64. See [#1204](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/1204) for discussion. We hope to release official support for native builds on Apple Silicon soon! (#1217)
 
 <!-- END bin/update_readme_changelog.py -->
 
@@ -262,6 +281,7 @@ Maintainers
 - Yannick Jadoul [@YannickJadoul](https://github.com/YannickJadoul)
 - Matthieu Darbois [@mayeut](https://github.com/mayeut)
 - Henry Schreiner [@henryiii](https://github.com/henryiii)
+- Grzegorz Bokota [@Czaki](https://github.com/Czaki)
 
 Credits
 -------
@@ -283,6 +303,6 @@ Massive props also to-
 See also
 ========
 
-If you'd like to keep wheel building separate from the package itself, check out [astrofrog/autowheel](https://github.com/astrofrog/autowheel). It builds packages using cibuildwheel from source distributions on PyPI.
-
 Another very similar tool to consider is [matthew-brett/multibuild](http://github.com/matthew-brett/multibuild). `multibuild` is a shell script toolbox for building a wheel on various platforms. It is used as a basis to build some of the big data science tools, like SciPy.
+
+If you are building Rust wheels, you can get by without some of the tricks required to make GLIBC work via manylinux; this is especially relevant for cross-compiling, which is easy with Rust. See [maturin-action](https://github.com/messense/maturin-action) for a tool that is optimized for building Rust wheels and cross-compiling.

action.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ inputs:
     description: 'File containing the config, defaults to {package}/pyproject.toml'
     required: false
     default: ''
+  only:
+    description: 'Build a specific wheel only. No need for arch/platform if this is set'
+    required: false
+    default: ''
 branding:
   icon: package
   color: yellow
@@ -20,14 +24,22 @@ branding:
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
+    # Set up a non-EOL, cibuildwheel & pipx supported Python version
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      id: python
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.7 - 3.10"
+        update-environment: false
 
     # Redirecting stderr to stdout to fix interleaving issue in Actions.
     - run: >
         pipx run
+        --python '${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}'
         --spec '${{ github.action_path }}'
         cibuildwheel
         ${{ inputs.package-dir }}
         --output-dir ${{ inputs.output-dir }}
         --config-file "${{ inputs.config-file }}"
+        --only "${{ inputs.only }}"
         2>&1
       shell: bash

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -1,34 +1,23 @@
 jobs:
 - job: linux_38
   timeoutInMinutes: 120
-  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-18.04'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-20.04'}
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
         versionSpec: '3.8'
     - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-azurepipelines
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
         python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
 - job: macos_38
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-10.15'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-11'}
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
         versionSpec: '3.8'
     - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-azurepipelines
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py
-
-- job: windows_36
-  pool: {vmImage: 'windows-2019'}
-  timeoutInMinutes: 180
-  steps:
-    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
-      inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.6'
-    - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-azurepipelines
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
         python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
 - job: windows_38
@@ -39,5 +28,5 @@ jobs:
       inputs:
         versionSpec: '3.8'
     - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-azurepipelines
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
         python ./bin/run_tests.py

bin/bump_version.py

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
     print()
 
     release_url = "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/releases/new?" + urllib.parse.urlencode(
-        {"tag": new_version}
+        {"tag": f"v{new_version}"}
     )
     print("Then create a release at the URL:")
     print(f"    {release_url}")

bin/inspect_all_known_projects.py

@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""
+Check known projects for usage of requires-python.
+
+Usage:
+
+    ./bin/inspect_all_known_projects.py --online=$GITHUB_TOKEN
+
+This will cache the results to all_known_setup.yaml; you can reprint
+the results without the `--online` setting.
+"""
+
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import ast
@@ -7,7 +20,7 @@ from typing import Iterator
 
 import click
 import yaml
-from ghapi.core import GhApi, HTTP404NotFoundError
+from github import Github, GithubException
 from rich import print
 
 from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import Analyzer
@@ -47,33 +60,38 @@ def check_repo(name: str, contents: str) -> str:
 
 
 class MaybeRemote:
-    def __init__(self, cached_file: Path | str, *, online: bool) -> None:
-        self.online = online
-        if self.online:
-            self.contents: dict[str, dict[str, str | None]] = {
+    github: Github | None
+    contents: dict[str, dict[str, str | None]]
+
+    def __init__(self, cached_file: Path | str, *, online: str | None) -> None:
+        if online is not None:
+            self.github = Github(online)
+            self.contents = {
                 "setup.py": {},
                 "setup.cfg": {},
                 "pyproject.toml": {},
             }
         else:
+            self.github = None
             with open(cached_file) as f:
                 self.contents = yaml.safe_load(f)
 
     def get(self, repo: str, filename: str) -> str | None:
-        if self.online:
+        if self.github:
             try:
-                self.contents[filename][repo] = (
-                    GhApi(*repo.split("/")).get_content(filename).decode()
-                )
-            except HTTP404NotFoundError:
+                gh_file = self.github.get_repo(repo).get_contents(filename)
+            except GithubException:
                 self.contents[filename][repo] = None
+            else:
+                assert not isinstance(gh_file, list)
+                self.contents[filename][repo] = gh_file.decoded_content.decode(encoding="utf-8")
+
             return self.contents[filename][repo]
         elif repo in self.contents[filename]:
             return self.contents[filename][repo]
         else:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f"Trying to access {repo}:{filename} and not in cache, rebuild cache"
-            )
+            msg = f"Trying to access {repo}:{filename} and not in cache, rebuild cache"
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
     def save(self, filename: Path | str) -> None:
         with open(filename, "w") as f:
@@ -87,8 +105,8 @@ class MaybeRemote:
 
 
 @click.command()
-@click.option("--online", is_flag=True, help="Remember to set GITHUB_TOKEN")
-def main(online: bool) -> None:
+@click.option("--online", help="Set to $GITHUB_TOKEN")
+def main(online: str | None) -> None:
     with open(DIR / "../docs/data/projects.yml") as f:
         known = yaml.safe_load(f)
 

bin/projects.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ ICONS = (
     "circleci",
     "gitlab",
     "travisci",
+    "cirrusci",
     "windows",
     "apple",
     "linux",

bin/run_example_ci_configs.py

@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ services = [
     CIService(
         name="appveyor",
         dst_config_path="appveyor.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/wbsgxshp05tt1tif/branch/{branch}?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/pypa/cibuildwheel/branch/{branch})",
+        badge_md="[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/gt3vwl88yt0y3hur/branch/{branch}?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/joerick/cibuildwheel/branch/{branch})",
     ),
     CIService(
         name="azure-pipelines",
         dst_config_path="azure-pipelines.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Build Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/joerick.cibuildwheel?branchName={branch})](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=2&branchName={branch})",
+        badge_md="[![Build Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/pypa.cibuildwheel?branchName={branch})](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=2&branchName={branch})",
     ),
     CIService(
         name="circleci",
@@ -59,24 +59,29 @@ services = [
     CIService(
         name="travis-ci",
         dst_config_path=".travis.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/pypa/cibuildwheel.svg?branch={branch})](https://travis-ci.org/pypa/cibuildwheel)",
+        badge_md="[![Build Status](https://app.travis-ci.com/pypa/cibuildwheel.svg?branch={branch})](https://app.travis-ci.com/pypa/cibuildwheel)",
     ),
     CIService(
         name="gitlab",
         dst_config_path=".gitlab-ci.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/badges/{branch}/pipeline.svg)](https://gitlab.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/-/commits/{branch})",
+        badge_md="[![Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/badges/{branch}/pipeline.svg)](https://gitlab.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/-/commits/{branch})",
+    ),
+    CIService(
+        name="cirrus-ci",
+        dst_config_path=".cirrus.yml",
+        badge_md="[![Cirrus CI](https://api.cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel.svg?branch={branch})](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel/{branch})",
     ),
 ]
 
 
 def ci_service_for_config_file(config_file):
-    service_name = Path(config_file).name.rsplit("-", 1)[0]
+    filename = Path(config_file).name
 
-    for service in services:
-        if service.name == service_name:
-            return service
-
-    raise ValueError(f"unknown ci service for config file {config_file}")
+    try:
+        return next(s for s in services if filename.startswith(s.name))
+    except StopIteration:
+        msg = f"unknown ci service for config file {config_file}"
+        raise ValueError(msg) from None
 
 
 @click.command()
@@ -95,7 +100,8 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
     for config_file in config_files:
         service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
         if service.name in configs_by_service:
-            raise Exception("You cannot specify more than one config per CI service")
+            msg = "You cannot specify more than one config per CI service"
+            raise Exception(msg)
         configs_by_service[service.name] = config_file
 
     if git_repo_has_changes():

bin/run_tests.py

@@ -1,33 +1,49 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests (linux only)"
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
     # move cwd to the project root
     os.chdir(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1])
 
-    # run the unit tests
+    # unit tests
     unit_test_args = [sys.executable, "-m", "pytest", "unit_test"]
-    # run the docker unit tests only on Linux
+
     if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+        # run the docker unit tests only on Linux
         unit_test_args += ["--run-docker"]
+
+        if args.run_podman:
+            unit_test_args += ["--run-podman"]
+
     subprocess.run(unit_test_args, check=True)
 
-    # run the integration tests
-    subprocess.run(
-        [
-            sys.executable,
-            "-m",
-            "pytest",
-            "--numprocesses=2",
-            "-x",
-            "--durations",
-            "0",
-            "--timeout=2400",
-            "test",
-        ],
-        check=True,
-    )
+    # integration tests
+    integration_test_args = [
+        sys.executable,
+        "-m",
+        "pytest",
+        "--numprocesses=2",
+        "-x",
+        "--durations",
+        "0",
+        "--timeout=2400",
+        "test",
+    ]
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("linux") and args.run_podman:
+        integration_test_args += ["--run-podman"]
+
+    subprocess.run(integration_test_args, check=True)

bin/update_dependencies.py

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-# This file supports 3.6+
-
-import os
-import shutil
-import subprocess
-import sys
-from pathlib import Path
-
-DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
-RESOURCES = DIR.parent / "cibuildwheel/resources"
-
-python_version = "".join(str(v) for v in sys.version_info[:2])
-
-env = os.environ.copy()
-
-# CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND is a pip-compile option that tells users how to
-# regenerate the constraints files
-env["CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND"] = "bin/update_dependencies.py"
-
-os.chdir(DIR.parent)
-
-subprocess.run(
-    [
-        "pip-compile",
-        "--allow-unsafe",
-        "--upgrade",
-        "cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in",
-        f"--output-file=cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python{python_version}.txt",
-    ],
-    check=True,
-    env=env,
-)
-
-# default constraints.txt
-if python_version == "39":
-    shutil.copyfile(
-        RESOURCES / f"constraints-python{python_version}.txt",
-        RESOURCES / "constraints.txt",
-    )

bin/update_docker.py

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import configparser
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import NamedTuple
 
 import requests
 
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
 RESOURCES = DIR.parent / "cibuildwheel/resources"
 
 
-class Image(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Image:
     manylinux_version: str
     platform: str
     image_name: str
@@ -45,6 +46,13 @@ images = [
     Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64", None),
     Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686", None),
     Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64", None),
+    # manylinux_2_28 images
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux_2_28", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64", None),
     # musllinux_1_1 images
     Image("musllinux_1_1", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64", None),
     Image("musllinux_1_1", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686", None),

bin/update_how_it_works_image.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+try:
+    from html2image import Html2Image  # type: ignore[import]
+except ImportError:
+    sys.exit(
+        """
+        html2image not found. Ensure you have Chrome (on Mac/Windows) or
+        Chromium (on Linux) installed, and then do:
+            pip install html2image
+        """
+    )
+
+
+def main():
+    subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build"])
+
+    hti = Html2Image(custom_flags=["--force-device-scale-factor=2"])
+
+    html_str = Path("docs/diagram.md").read_text()
+    css_tags = f"""
+        <style>{Path("site/css/theme.css").read_text()}</style>
+        <style>{Path("site/css/theme_extra.css").read_text()}</style>
+        <style>{Path("site/extra.css").read_text()}</style>
+        <style>
+            body {{
+                background: white;
+            }}
+        </style>
+    """
+    html_str = css_tags + html_str
+
+    [screenshot, *_] = hti.screenshot(
+        html_str=html_str,
+        size=(830, 405),
+    )
+
+    dest_path = Path("docs/data/how-it-works.png")
+    if dest_path.exists():
+        dest_path.unlink()
+
+    Path(screenshot).rename(dest_path)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

bin/update_pythons.py

@@ -5,13 +5,19 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import copy
 import difflib
 import logging
+import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Union
 
 import click
 import requests
 import rich
-import tomli
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    import tomllib
+else:
+    import tomli as tomllib
+
 from packaging.specifiers import Specifier
 from packaging.version import Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
@@ -135,7 +141,8 @@ class PyPyVersions:
         releases = [r for r in releases if self.get_arch_file(r)]
 
         if not releases:
-            raise RuntimeError(f"PyPy Win {self.arch} not found for {spec}! {self.releases}")
+            msg = f"PyPy Win {self.arch} not found for {spec}! {self.releases}"
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
         version_arch = "win32" if self.arch == "32" else "win_amd64"
 
@@ -153,13 +160,15 @@ class PyPyVersions:
 
     def update_version_macos(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigMacOS:
         if self.arch != "64":
-            raise RuntimeError("Other archs not supported yet on macOS")
+            msg = "Other archs not supported yet on macOS"
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
         releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
         releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
 
         if not releases:
-            raise RuntimeError(f"PyPy macOS {self.arch} not found for {spec}!")
+            msg = f"PyPy macOS {self.arch} not found for {spec}!"
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
         release = releases[-1]
         version = release["python_version"]
@@ -296,7 +305,7 @@ def update_pythons(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
 
     original_toml = toml_file_path.read_text()
     with toml_file_path.open("rb") as f:
-        configs = tomli.load(f)
+        configs = tomllib.load(f)
 
     for config in configs["windows"]["python_configurations"]:
         all_versions.update_config(config)

bin/update_readme_changelog.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import re
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path

bin/update_virtualenv.py

@@ -5,12 +5,18 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import difflib
 import logging
 import subprocess
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import NamedTuple
 
 import click
 import rich
-import tomli
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    import tomllib
+else:
+    import tomli as tomllib
+
 from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
@@ -30,7 +36,8 @@ GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE: Final[
 ] = f"{GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB}/blob/{{version}}/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"
 
 
-class VersionTuple(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
+class VersionTuple:
     version: Version
     version_string: str
 
@@ -78,7 +85,7 @@ def update_virtualenv(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
 
     original_toml = toml_file_path.read_text()
     with toml_file_path.open("rb") as f:
-        loaded_file = tomli.load(f)
+        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
     version = str(loaded_file["version"])
     versions = git_ls_remote_versions(GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB)
     if versions[0].version > Version(version):

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-__version__ = "2.4.0"
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__version__ = "2.11.0"

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import argparse
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
+import tarfile
 import textwrap
+import typing
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import mkdtemp
-from typing import List, Set, Union
 
 import cibuildwheel
 import cibuildwheel.linux
@@ -20,13 +23,12 @@ from cibuildwheel.util import (
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
     BuildSelector,
     Unbuffered,
+    chdir,
     detect_ci_provider,
 )
 
 
 def main() -> None:
-    platform: PlatformName
-
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Build wheels for all the platforms.",
         epilog="""
@@ -39,13 +41,13 @@ def main() -> None:
     parser.add_argument(
         "--platform",
         choices=["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"],
-        default=os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "auto"),
+        default=None,
         help="""
             Platform to build for. Use this option to override the
             auto-detected platform or to run cibuildwheel on your development
             machine. Specifying "macos" or "windows" only works on that
             operating system, but "linux" works on all three, as long as
-            Docker is installed. Default: auto.
+            Docker/Podman is installed. Default: auto.
         """,
     )
 
@@ -63,8 +65,20 @@ def main() -> None:
         """,
     )
 
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--only",
+        default=None,
+        help="""
+            Force a single wheel build when given an identifier. Overrides
+            CIBW_BUILD/CIBW_SKIP. --platform and --arch cannot be specified
+            if this is given.
+        """,
+    )
+
     parser.add_argument(
         "--output-dir",
+        type=Path,
+        default=Path(os.environ.get("CIBW_OUTPUT_DIR", "wheelhouse")),
         help="Destination folder for the wheels. Default: wheelhouse.",
     )
 
@@ -72,20 +86,26 @@ def main() -> None:
         "--config-file",
         default="",
         help="""
-            TOML config file. Default: "", meaning {package}/pyproject.toml,
-            if it exists.
+            TOML config file. Default: "", meaning {package}/pyproject.toml, if
+            it exists. To refer to a project inside your project, use {package};
+            this matters if you build from an SDist.
         """,
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
         "package_dir",
-        default=".",
+        metavar="PACKAGE",
+        default=Path("."),
+        type=Path,
         nargs="?",
         help="""
-            Path to the package that you want wheels for. Must be a subdirectory of
-            the working directory. When set, the working directory is still
-            considered the 'project' and is copied into the Docker container on
-            Linux. Default: the working directory.
+            Path to the package that you want wheels for. Default: the working
+            directory. Can be a directory inside the working directory, or an
+            sdist. When set to a directory, the working directory is still
+            considered the 'project' and is copied into the build container
+            on Linux.  When set to a tar.gz sdist file, --config-file
+            and --output-dir are relative to the current directory, and other
+            paths are relative to the expanded SDist directory.
         """,
     )
 
@@ -107,10 +127,79 @@ def main() -> None:
         help="Enable pre-release Python versions if available.",
     )
 
-    args = parser.parse_args(namespace=CommandLineArguments())
+    args = CommandLineArguments(**vars(parser.parse_args()))
 
-    if args.platform != "auto":
-        platform = args.platform
+    args.package_dir = args.package_dir.resolve()
+
+    # This are always relative to the base directory, even in SDist builds
+    args.output_dir = args.output_dir.resolve()
+
+    # Standard builds if a directory or non-existent path is given
+    if not args.package_dir.is_file() and not args.package_dir.name.endswith("tar.gz"):
+        build_in_directory(args)
+        return
+
+    # Tarfile builds require extraction and changing the directory
+    temp_dir = Path(mkdtemp(prefix="cibw-sdist-")).resolve(strict=True)
+    try:
+        with tarfile.open(args.package_dir) as tar:
+            tar.extractall(path=temp_dir)
+
+        # The extract directory is now the project dir
+        try:
+            (project_dir,) = temp_dir.iterdir()
+        except ValueError:
+            msg = "invalid sdist: didn't contain a single dir"
+            raise SystemExit(msg) from None
+
+        # This is now the new package dir
+        args.package_dir = project_dir.resolve()
+
+        with chdir(temp_dir):
+            build_in_directory(args)
+    finally:
+        # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
+        # cleanup manually
+        shutil.rmtree(temp_dir, ignore_errors=sys.platform.startswith("win"))
+        if temp_dir.exists():
+            log.warning(f"Can't delete temporary folder '{temp_dir}'")
+
+
+def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
+    platform_option_value = args.platform or os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "auto")
+    platform: PlatformName
+
+    if args.only:
+        if "linux_" in args.only:
+            platform = "linux"
+        elif "macosx_" in args.only:
+            platform = "macos"
+        elif "win_" in args.only or "win32" in args.only:
+            platform = "windows"
+        else:
+            print(
+                f"Invalid --only='{args.only}', must be a build selector with a known platform",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            sys.exit(2)
+        if args.platform is not None:
+            print(
+                "--platform cannot be specified with --only, it is computed from --only",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            sys.exit(2)
+        if args.archs is not None:
+            print(
+                "--arch cannot be specified with --only, it is computed from --only",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            sys.exit(2)
+    elif platform_option_value != "auto":
+        if platform_option_value not in PLATFORMS:
+            print(f"cibuildwheel: Unsupported platform: {platform_option_value}", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(2)
+
+        platform = typing.cast(PlatformName, platform_option_value)
     else:
         ci_provider = detect_ci_provider()
         if ci_provider is None:
@@ -118,9 +207,9 @@ def main() -> None:
                 textwrap.dedent(
                     """
                     cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform. cibuildwheel should run on your CI server;
-                    Travis CI, AppVeyor, Azure Pipelines, GitHub Actions, CircleCI, and Gitlab are
-                    supported. You can run on your development machine or other CI providers using the
-                    --platform argument. Check --help output for more information.
+                    Travis CI, AppVeyor, Azure Pipelines, GitHub Actions, CircleCI, Gitlab, and Cirrus CI
+                    are supported. You can run on your development machine or other CI providers
+                    using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information.
                     """
                 ),
                 file=sys.stderr,
@@ -140,10 +229,6 @@ def main() -> None:
             )
             sys.exit(2)
 
-    if platform not in PLATFORMS:
-        print(f"cibuildwheel: Unsupported platform: {platform}", file=sys.stderr)
-        sys.exit(2)
-
     options = compute_options(platform=platform, command_line_arguments=args)
 
     package_dir = options.globals.package_dir
@@ -167,7 +252,6 @@ def main() -> None:
         sys.exit(0)
 
     # Add CIBUILDWHEEL environment variable
-    # This needs to be passed on to the docker container in linux.py
     os.environ["CIBUILDWHEEL"] = "1"
 
     # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to 'print'
@@ -212,12 +296,14 @@ def main() -> None:
             else:
                 assert_never(platform)
     finally:
+        # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
+        # cleanup manually
         shutil.rmtree(tmp_path, ignore_errors=sys.platform.startswith("win"))
         if tmp_path.exists():
-            log.warning(f"Can't delete temporary folder '{str(tmp_path)}'")
+            log.warning(f"Can't delete temporary folder '{tmp_path}'")
 
 
-def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: List[str]) -> None:
+def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: list[str]) -> None:
     print(
         textwrap.dedent(
             """
@@ -247,13 +333,13 @@ def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: List[str]) -> N
 
 
 def get_build_identifiers(
-    platform: PlatformName, build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: Set[Architecture]
-) -> List[str]:
-    python_configurations: Union[
-        List[cibuildwheel.linux.PythonConfiguration],
-        List[cibuildwheel.windows.PythonConfiguration],
-        List[cibuildwheel.macos.PythonConfiguration],
-    ]
+    platform: PlatformName, build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: set[Architecture]
+) -> list[str]:
+    python_configurations: (
+        list[cibuildwheel.linux.PythonConfiguration]
+        | list[cibuildwheel.windows.PythonConfiguration]
+        | list[cibuildwheel.macos.PythonConfiguration]
+    )
 
     if platform == "linux":
         python_configurations = cibuildwheel.linux.get_python_configurations(
@@ -273,7 +359,7 @@ def get_build_identifiers(
     return [config.identifier for config in python_configurations]
 
 
-def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: List[str]) -> List[str]:
+def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: list[str]) -> list[str]:
     warnings = []
 
     # warn about deprecated {python} and {pip}

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import functools
 import platform as platform_module
 import re
+import sys
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Set
 
 from .typing import Final, Literal, PlatformName, assert_never
 
 PRETTY_NAMES: Final = {"linux": "Linux", "macos": "macOS", "windows": "Windows"}
 
+ARCH_SYNONYMS: Final[list[dict[PlatformName, str | None]]] = [
+    {"linux": "x86_64", "macos": "x86_64", "windows": "AMD64"},
+    {"linux": "i686", "macos": None, "windows": "x86"},
+    {"linux": "aarch64", "macos": "arm64", "windows": "ARM64"},
+]
+
 
 @functools.total_ordering
 class Architecture(Enum):
@@ -32,11 +40,11 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
     ARM64 = "ARM64"
 
     # Allow this to be sorted
-    def __lt__(self, other: "Architecture") -> bool:
+    def __lt__(self, other: Architecture) -> bool:
         return self.value < other.value
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> "Set[Architecture]":
+    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
         result = set()
         for arch_str in re.split(r"[\s,]+", config):
             if arch_str == "auto":
@@ -54,25 +62,44 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
         return result
 
     @staticmethod
-    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "Set[Architecture]":
-        native_architecture = Architecture(platform_module.machine())
+    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
+        native_machine = platform_module.machine()
+
+        # Cross-platform support. Used for --print-build-identifiers or docker builds.
+        host_platform: PlatformName = (
+            "windows"
+            if sys.platform.startswith("win")
+            else ("macos" if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") else "linux")
+        )
+
+        native_architecture = Architecture(native_machine)
+
+        # we might need to rename the native arch to the machine we're running
+        # on, as the same arch can have different names on different platforms
+        if host_platform != platform:
+            for arch_synonym in ARCH_SYNONYMS:
+                if native_machine == arch_synonym.get(host_platform):
+                    synonym = arch_synonym[platform]
+
+                    if synonym is None:
+                        # can't build anything on this platform
+                        return set()
+
+                    native_architecture = Architecture(synonym)
+
         result = {native_architecture}
 
-        if platform == "linux" and native_architecture == Architecture.x86_64:
-            # x86_64 machines can run i686 docker containers
+        if platform == "linux" and Architecture.x86_64 in result:
+            # x86_64 machines can run i686 containers
             result.add(Architecture.i686)
 
-        if platform == "windows" and native_architecture == Architecture.AMD64:
+        if platform == "windows" and Architecture.AMD64 in result:
             result.add(Architecture.x86)
 
-        if platform == "macos" and native_architecture == Architecture.arm64:
-            # arm64 can build and test both archs of a universal2 wheel.
-            result.add(Architecture.universal2)
-
         return result
 
     @staticmethod
-    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "Set[Architecture]":
+    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
         all_archs_map = {
             "linux": {
                 Architecture.x86_64,
@@ -87,7 +114,8 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
         return all_archs_map[platform]
 
     @staticmethod
-    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> "Set[Architecture]":
+    # pylint: disable-next=inconsistent-return-statements
+    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> set[Architecture]:
         archs_32 = {Architecture.i686, Architecture.x86}
         auto_archs = Architecture.auto_archs(platform)
 
@@ -101,7 +129,7 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
 
 def allowed_architectures_check(
     platform: PlatformName,
-    architectures: Set[Architecture],
+    architectures: set[Architecture],
 ) -> None:
 
     allowed_architectures = Architecture.all_archs(platform)

cibuildwheel/bashlex_eval.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import subprocess
-from typing import Callable, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Sequence
 
 import bashlex
 
@@ -7,20 +10,19 @@ import bashlex
 EnvironmentExecutor = Callable[[List[str], Dict[str, str]], str]
 
 
-def local_environment_executor(command: List[str], env: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
-    return subprocess.run(
-        command, env=env, universal_newlines=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, check=True
-    ).stdout
+def local_environment_executor(command: list[str], env: dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    return subprocess.run(command, env=env, text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, check=True).stdout
 
 
-class NodeExecutionContext(NamedTuple):
-    environment: Dict[str, str]
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class NodeExecutionContext:
+    environment: dict[str, str]
     input: str
     executor: EnvironmentExecutor
 
 
 def evaluate(
-    value: str, environment: Dict[str, str], executor: Optional[EnvironmentExecutor] = None
+    value: str, environment: dict[str, str], executor: EnvironmentExecutor | None = None
 ) -> str:
     if not value:
         # empty string evaluates to empty string
@@ -30,7 +32,8 @@ def evaluate(
     command_node = bashlex.parsesingle(value)
 
     if len(command_node.parts) != 1:
-        raise ValueError(f'"{value}" has too many parts')
+        msg = f"{value!r} has too many parts"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
 
     value_word_node = command_node.parts[0]
 
@@ -52,7 +55,8 @@ def evaluate_node(node: bashlex.ast.node, context: NodeExecutionContext) -> str:
     elif node.kind == "parameter":
         return evaluate_parameter_node(node, context=context)
     else:
-        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported bash construct: "{node.kind}"')
+        msg = f"Unsupported bash construct: {node.kind!r}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
 
 
 def evaluate_word_node(node: bashlex.ast.node, context: NodeExecutionContext) -> str:
@@ -63,10 +67,8 @@ def evaluate_word_node(node: bashlex.ast.node, context: NodeExecutionContext) ->
         part_value = evaluate_node(part, context=context)
 
         if part_string not in value:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                f'bash parse failed. part "{part_string}" not found in "{value}". '
-                f'Word was "{node.word}". Full input was "{context.input}"'
-            )
+            msg = f"bash parse failed. part {part_string!r} not found in {value!r}. Word was {node.word!r}. Full input was {context.input!r}"
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
         value = value.replace(part_string, part_value, 1)
 
@@ -93,15 +95,17 @@ def evaluate_nodes_as_compound_command(
             result += evaluate_command_node(node, context=context)
         elif node.kind == "operator":
             if node.op != ";":
-                raise ValueError(f'Unsupported bash operator: "{node.op}"')
+                msg = f"Unsupported bash operator: {node.op!r}"
+                raise ValueError(msg)
         else:
-            raise ValueError(f'Unsupported bash node in compound command: "{node.kind}"')
+            msg = f"Unsupported bash node in compound command: {node.kind!r}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
 
     return result
 
 
 def evaluate_nodes_as_simple_command(
-    nodes: List[bashlex.ast.node], context: NodeExecutionContext
+    nodes: list[bashlex.ast.node], context: NodeExecutionContext
 ) -> str:
     command = [evaluate_node(part, context=context) for part in nodes]
     return context.executor(command, context.environment)

cibuildwheel/environment.py

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Mapping, Sequence
 
 import bashlex
+import bashlex.errors
 
 from cibuildwheel.typing import Protocol
 
@@ -12,7 +15,7 @@ class EnvironmentParseError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
-def split_env_items(env_string: str) -> List[str]:
+def split_env_items(env_string: str) -> list[str]:
     """Splits space-separated variable assignments into a list of individual assignments.
 
     >>> split_env_items('VAR=abc')
@@ -31,7 +34,11 @@ def split_env_items(env_string: str) -> List[str]:
     if not env_string:
         return []
 
-    command_node = bashlex.parsesingle(env_string)
+    try:
+        command_node = bashlex.parsesingle(env_string)
+    except bashlex.errors.ParsingError as e:
+        raise EnvironmentParseError(env_string) from e
+
     result = []
 
     for word_node in command_node.parts:
@@ -47,11 +54,10 @@ class EnvironmentAssignment(Protocol):
     def evaluated_value(
         self,
         *,
-        environment: Dict[str, str],
-        executor: Optional[bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor] = None,
+        environment: dict[str, str],
+        executor: bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor | None = None,
     ) -> str:
         """Returns the value of this assignment, as evaluated in the environment"""
-        ...
 
 
 class EnvironmentAssignmentRaw:
@@ -85,8 +91,8 @@ class EnvironmentAssignmentBash:
 
     def evaluated_value(
         self,
-        environment: Dict[str, str],
-        executor: Optional[bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor] = None,
+        environment: dict[str, str],
+        executor: bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor | None = None,
     ) -> str:
         return bashlex_eval.evaluate(self.value, environment=environment, executor=executor)
 
@@ -101,7 +107,7 @@ class EnvironmentAssignmentBash:
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class ParsedEnvironment:
-    assignments: List[EnvironmentAssignment]
+    assignments: list[EnvironmentAssignment]
 
     def __init__(self, assignments: Sequence[EnvironmentAssignment]) -> None:
         self.assignments = list(assignments)
@@ -109,8 +115,8 @@ class ParsedEnvironment:
     def as_dictionary(
         self,
         prev_environment: Mapping[str, str],
-        executor: Optional[bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor] = None,
-    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        executor: bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
         environment = dict(**prev_environment)
 
         for assignment in self.assignments:

cibuildwheel/extra.py

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 These are utilities for the `/bin` scripts, not for the `cibuildwheel` program.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from io import StringIO
-from typing import Dict, List
 
 from .typing import Protocol
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ class Printable(Protocol):
         ...
 
 
-def dump_python_configurations(inp: Dict[str, Dict[str, List[Dict[str, Printable]]]]) -> str:
+def dump_python_configurations(inp: dict[str, dict[str, list[dict[str, Printable]]]]) -> str:
     output = StringIO()
     for header, values in inp.items():
         output.write(f"[{header}]\n")

cibuildwheel/functools_cached_property_38.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from threading import RLock
-from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Optional, Type, TypeVar, overload
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, TypeVar, overload
 
 __all__ = ["cached_property"]
 
@@ -11,34 +13,31 @@ _T = TypeVar("_T")
 class cached_property(Generic[_T]):
     def __init__(self, func: Callable[[Any], _T]):
         self.func = func
-        self.attrname: Optional[str] = None
+        self.attrname: str | None = None
         self.__doc__ = func.__doc__
         self.lock = RLock()
 
-    def __set_name__(self, owner: Type[Any], name: str) -> None:
+    def __set_name__(self, owner: type[Any], name: str) -> None:
         if self.attrname is None:
             self.attrname = name
         elif name != self.attrname:
-            raise TypeError(
-                "Cannot assign the same cached_property to two different names "
-                f"({self.attrname!r} and {name!r})."
-            )
+            msg = f"Cannot assign the same cached_property to two different names ({self.attrname!r} and {name!r})."
+            raise TypeError(msg)
 
     @overload
-    def __get__(self, instance: None, owner: Optional[Type[Any]] = ...) -> "cached_property[_T]":
+    def __get__(self, instance: None, owner: type[Any] | None = ...) -> cached_property[_T]:
         ...
 
     @overload
-    def __get__(self, instance: object, owner: Optional[Type[Any]] = ...) -> _T:
+    def __get__(self, instance: object, owner: type[Any] | None = ...) -> _T:
         ...
 
-    def __get__(self, instance: Optional[object], owner: Optional[Type[Any]] = None) -> Any:
+    def __get__(self, instance: object | None, owner: type[Any] | None = None) -> Any:
         if instance is None:
             return self
         if self.attrname is None:
-            raise TypeError(
-                "Cannot use cached_property instance without calling __set_name__ on it."
-            )
+            msg = "Cannot use cached_property instance without calling __set_name__ on it."
+            raise TypeError(msg)
         try:
             cache = instance.__dict__
         except AttributeError:  # not all objects have __dict__ (e.g. class defines slots)

cibuildwheel/linux.py

@@ -1,43 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from typing import Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Set, Tuple
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
+from typing import Iterator, Tuple
 
 from .architecture import Architecture
-from .docker_container import DockerContainer
 from .logger import log
+from .oci_container import OCIContainer
 from .options import Options
 from .typing import OrderedDict, PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
+    AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
     get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
     prepare_command,
     read_python_configs,
+    split_config_settings,
+    unwrap,
 )
 
 
-class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
     identifier: str
     path_str: str
 
     @property
-    def path(self) -> PurePath:
-        return PurePath(self.path_str)
+    def path(self) -> PurePosixPath:
+        return PurePosixPath(self.path_str)
 
 
-class BuildStep(NamedTuple):
-    platform_configs: List[PythonConfiguration]
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildStep:
+    platform_configs: list[PythonConfiguration]
     platform_tag: str
-    docker_image: str
+    container_image: str
 
 
 def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector,
-    architectures: Set[Architecture],
-) -> List[PythonConfiguration]:
+    architectures: set[Architecture],
+) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
 
     full_python_configs = read_python_configs("linux")
 
@@ -53,7 +62,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     ]
 
 
-def docker_image_for_python_configuration(config: PythonConfiguration, options: Options) -> str:
+def container_image_for_python_configuration(config: PythonConfiguration, options: Options) -> str:
     build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
     # e.g
     # identifier is 'cp310-manylinux_x86_64'
@@ -73,11 +82,11 @@ def docker_image_for_python_configuration(config: PythonConfiguration, options:
 
 
 def get_build_steps(
-    options: Options, python_configurations: List[PythonConfiguration]
+    options: Options, python_configurations: list[PythonConfiguration]
 ) -> Iterator[BuildStep]:
     """
     Groups PythonConfigurations into BuildSteps. Each BuildStep represents a
-    separate Docker container.
+    separate container instance.
     """
     steps = OrderedDict[Tuple[str, str, str], BuildStep]()
 
@@ -85,32 +94,59 @@ def get_build_steps(
         _, platform_tag = config.identifier.split("-", 1)
 
         before_all = options.build_options(config.identifier).before_all
-        docker_image = docker_image_for_python_configuration(config, options)
+        container_image = container_image_for_python_configuration(config, options)
 
-        step_key = (platform_tag, docker_image, before_all)
+        step_key = (platform_tag, container_image, before_all)
 
         if step_key in steps:
             steps[step_key].platform_configs.append(config)
         else:
             steps[step_key] = BuildStep(
-                platform_configs=[config], platform_tag=platform_tag, docker_image=docker_image
+                platform_configs=[config],
+                platform_tag=platform_tag,
+                container_image=container_image,
             )
 
     yield from steps.values()
 
 
-def build_on_docker(
+def check_all_python_exist(
+    *, platform_configs: list[PythonConfiguration], container: OCIContainer
+) -> None:
+    exist = True
+    messages = []
+    for config in platform_configs:
+        python_path = config.path / "bin" / "python"
+        try:
+            container.call(["test", "-x", python_path])
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+            messages.append(
+                f"  '{python_path}' executable doesn't exist in image '{container.image}' to build '{config.identifier}'."
+            )
+            exist = False
+    if not exist:
+        message = "\n".join(messages)
+        print(
+            f"cibuildwheel:\n{message}",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def build_in_container(
     *,
     options: Options,
-    platform_configs: List[PythonConfiguration],
-    docker: DockerContainer,
+    platform_configs: list[PythonConfiguration],
+    container: OCIContainer,
     container_project_path: PurePath,
     container_package_dir: PurePath,
 ) -> None:
-    container_output_dir = PurePath("/output")
+    container_output_dir = PurePosixPath("/output")
 
-    log.step("Copying project into Docker...")
-    docker.copy_into(Path.cwd(), container_project_path)
+    check_all_python_exist(platform_configs=platform_configs, container=container)
+
+    log.step("Copying project into container...")
+    container.copy_into(Path.cwd(), container_project_path)
 
     before_all_options_identifier = platform_configs[0].identifier
     before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
@@ -118,11 +154,12 @@ def build_on_docker(
     if before_all_options.before_all:
         log.step("Running before_all...")
 
-        env = docker.get_environment()
+        env = container.get_environment()
         env["PATH"] = f'/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin:{env["PATH"]}'
         env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
+        env["PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION"] = "ignore"
         env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(
-            env, executor=docker.environment_executor
+            env, executor=container.environment_executor
         )
 
         before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -130,13 +167,15 @@ def build_on_docker(
             project=container_project_path,
             package=container_package_dir,
         )
-        docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_all_prepared], env=env)
+        container.call(["sh", "-c", before_all_prepared], env=env)
+
+    built_wheels: list[PurePosixPath] = []
 
     for config in platform_configs:
         log.build_start(config.identifier)
         build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
 
-        dependency_constraint_flags: List[PathOrStr] = []
+        dependency_constraint_flags: list[PathOrStr] = []
 
         if build_options.dependency_constraints:
             constraints_file = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
@@ -144,114 +183,132 @@ def build_on_docker(
             )
             container_constraints_file = PurePath("/constraints.txt")
 
-            docker.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
+            container.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
             dependency_constraint_flags = ["-c", container_constraints_file]
 
         log.step("Setting up build environment...")
 
-        env = docker.get_environment()
+        env = container.get_environment()
 
         # put this config's python top of the list
         python_bin = config.path / "bin"
         env["PATH"] = f'{python_bin}:{env["PATH"]}'
 
-        env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(env, executor=docker.environment_executor)
+        env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(env, executor=container.environment_executor)
 
         # check config python is still on PATH
-        which_python = docker.call(["which", "python"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
-        if PurePath(which_python) != python_bin / "python":
+        which_python = container.call(["which", "python"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
+        if PurePosixPath(which_python) != python_bin / "python":
             print(
                 "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
                 file=sys.stderr,
             )
             sys.exit(1)
 
-        which_pip = docker.call(["which", "pip"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
-        if PurePath(which_pip) != python_bin / "pip":
+        which_pip = container.call(["which", "pip"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
+        if PurePosixPath(which_pip) != python_bin / "pip":
             print(
                 "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
                 file=sys.stderr,
             )
             sys.exit(1)
 
-        if build_options.before_build:
-            log.step("Running before_build...")
-            before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                build_options.before_build,
-                project=container_project_path,
-                package=container_package_dir,
-            )
-            docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_build_prepared], env=env)
-
-        log.step("Building wheel...")
-
-        temp_dir = PurePath("/tmp/cibuildwheel")
-        built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
-        docker.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
-        docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
-
-        verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
-
-        if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
-            docker.call(
-                [
-                    "python",
-                    "-m",
-                    "pip",
-                    "wheel",
-                    container_package_dir,
-                    f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                    "--no-deps",
-                    *verbosity_flags,
-                ],
-                env=env,
-            )
-        elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
-            config_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
-            docker.call(
-                [
-                    "python",
-                    "-m",
-                    "build",
-                    container_package_dir,
-                    "--wheel",
-                    f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                    f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
-                ],
-                env=env,
+        compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
+        if compatible_wheel:
+            log.step_end()
+            print(
+                f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
             )
+            repaired_wheels = [compatible_wheel]
         else:
-            assert_never(build_options.build_frontend)
 
-        built_wheel = docker.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
+            if build_options.before_build:
+                log.step("Running before_build...")
+                before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
+                    build_options.before_build,
+                    project=container_project_path,
+                    package=container_package_dir,
+                )
+                container.call(["sh", "-c", before_build_prepared], env=env)
 
-        repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
-        docker.call(["rm", "-rf", repaired_wheel_dir])
-        docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", repaired_wheel_dir])
+            log.step("Building wheel...")
 
-        if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-            raise NonPlatformWheelError()
+            temp_dir = PurePosixPath("/tmp/cibuildwheel")
+            built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
+            container.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
+            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
 
-        if build_options.repair_command:
-            log.step("Repairing wheel...")
-            repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                build_options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
-            )
-            docker.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
-        else:
-            docker.call(["mv", built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir])
+            verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
+            extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings)
 
-        repaired_wheels = docker.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl")
+            if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
+                extra_flags += verbosity_flags
+                container.call(
+                    [
+                        "python",
+                        "-m",
+                        "pip",
+                        "wheel",
+                        container_package_dir,
+                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                        "--no-deps",
+                        *extra_flags,
+                    ],
+                    env=env,
+                )
+            elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
+                verbosity_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
+                extra_flags += (f"--config-setting={verbosity_setting}",)
+                container.call(
+                    [
+                        "python",
+                        "-m",
+                        "build",
+                        container_package_dir,
+                        "--wheel",
+                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                        *extra_flags,
+                    ],
+                    env=env,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert_never(build_options.build_frontend)
+
+            built_wheel = container.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
+
+            repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
+            container.call(["rm", "-rf", repaired_wheel_dir])
+            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", repaired_wheel_dir])
+
+            if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
+                raise NonPlatformWheelError()
+
+            if build_options.repair_command:
+                log.step("Repairing wheel...")
+                repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
+                    build_options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
+                )
+                container.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
+            else:
+                container.call(["mv", built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir])
+
+            repaired_wheels = container.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl")
+
+            for repaired_wheel in repaired_wheels:
+                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
+                    raise AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
 
         if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
             log.step("Testing wheel...")
 
             # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
             # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-            docker.call(["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env)
-            venv_dir = PurePath(docker.call(["mktemp", "-d"], capture_output=True).strip()) / "venv"
+            container.call(["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env)
+            venv_dir = (
+                PurePath(container.call(["mktemp", "-d"], capture_output=True).strip()) / "venv"
+            )
 
-            docker.call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env)
+            container.call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env)
 
             virtualenv_env = env.copy()
             virtualenv_env["PATH"] = f"{venv_dir / 'bin'}:{virtualenv_env['PATH']}"
@@ -262,7 +319,7 @@ def build_on_docker(
                     project=container_project_path,
                     package=container_package_dir,
                 )
-                docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_test_prepared], env=virtualenv_env)
+                container.call(["sh", "-c", before_test_prepared], env=virtualenv_env)
 
             # Install the wheel we just built
             # Note: If auditwheel produced two wheels, it's because the earlier produced wheel
@@ -271,14 +328,14 @@ def build_on_docker(
             # different external shared libraries. so it doesn't matter which one we run the tests on.
             # Let's just pick the first one.
             wheel_to_test = repaired_wheels[0]
-            docker.call(
+            container.call(
                 ["pip", "install", str(wheel_to_test) + build_options.test_extras],
                 env=virtualenv_env,
             )
 
             # Install any requirements to run the tests
             if build_options.test_requires:
-                docker.call(["pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires], env=virtualenv_env)
+                container.call(["pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires], env=virtualenv_env)
 
             # Run the tests from a different directory
             test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -286,32 +343,45 @@ def build_on_docker(
                 project=container_project_path,
                 package=container_package_dir,
             )
-            docker.call(["sh", "-c", test_command_prepared], cwd="/root", env=virtualenv_env)
+            container.call(["sh", "-c", test_command_prepared], cwd="/root", env=virtualenv_env)
 
             # clean up test environment
-            docker.call(["rm", "-rf", venv_dir])
+            container.call(["rm", "-rf", venv_dir])
 
         # move repaired wheels to output
-        docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", container_output_dir])
-        docker.call(["mv", *repaired_wheels, container_output_dir])
+        if compatible_wheel is None:
+            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", container_output_dir])
+            container.call(["mv", *repaired_wheels, container_output_dir])
+            built_wheels.extend(
+                container_output_dir / repaired_wheel.name for repaired_wheel in repaired_wheels
+            )
 
         log.build_end()
 
     log.step("Copying wheels back to host...")
     # copy the output back into the host
-    docker.copy_out(container_output_dir, options.globals.output_dir)
+    container.copy_out(container_output_dir, options.globals.output_dir)
     log.step_end()
 
 
 def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
     try:
-        # check docker is installed
-        subprocess.run(["docker", "--version"], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        # check the container engine is installed
+        subprocess.run(
+            [options.globals.container_engine, "--version"], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL
+        )
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
         print(
-            "cibuildwheel: Docker not found. Docker is required to run Linux builds. "
-            "If you're building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to your .travis.yml."
-            "If you're building on Circle CI in Linux, add a `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml",
+            unwrap(
+                f"""
+                cibuildwheel: {options.globals.container_engine} not found. An
+                OCI exe like Docker or Podman is required to run Linux builds.
+                If you're building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to
+                your .travis.yml. If you're building on Circle CI in Linux,
+                add a `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml.
+                If you're building on Cirrus CI, use `docker_builder` task.
+                """
+            ),
             file=sys.stderr,
         )
         sys.exit(2)
@@ -323,28 +393,30 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # pylint: disable=unused-a
     cwd = Path.cwd()
     abs_package_dir = options.globals.package_dir.resolve()
     if cwd != abs_package_dir and cwd not in abs_package_dir.parents:
-        raise Exception("package_dir must be inside the working directory")
+        msg = "package_dir must be inside the working directory"
+        raise Exception(msg)
 
-    container_project_path = PurePath("/project")
+    container_project_path = PurePosixPath("/project")
     container_package_dir = container_project_path / abs_package_dir.relative_to(cwd)
 
     for build_step in get_build_steps(options, python_configurations):
         try:
             ids_to_build = [x.identifier for x in build_step.platform_configs]
-            log.step(
-                f"Starting Docker image {build_step.docker_image} for {', '.join(ids_to_build)}..."
-            )
+            log.step(f"Starting container image {build_step.container_image}...")
 
-            with DockerContainer(
-                docker_image=build_step.docker_image,
+            print(f"info: This container will host the build for {', '.join(ids_to_build)}...")
+
+            with OCIContainer(
+                image=build_step.container_image,
                 simulate_32_bit=build_step.platform_tag.endswith("i686"),
                 cwd=container_project_path,
-            ) as docker:
+                engine=options.globals.container_engine,
+            ) as container:
 
-                build_on_docker(
+                build_in_container(
                     options=options,
                     platform_configs=build_step.platform_configs,
-                    docker=docker,
+                    container=container,
                     container_project_path=container_project_path,
                     container_package_dir=container_package_dir,
                 )
@@ -357,7 +429,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # pylint: disable=unused-a
             sys.exit(1)
 
 
-def _matches_prepared_command(error_cmd: List[str], command_template: str) -> bool:
+def _matches_prepared_command(error_cmd: list[str], command_template: str) -> bool:
     if len(error_cmd) < 3 or error_cmd[0:2] != ["sh", "-c"]:
         return False
     command_prefix = command_template.split("{", maxsplit=1)[0].strip()
@@ -402,4 +474,4 @@ def troubleshoot(options: Options, error: Exception) -> None:
 
             print("  Files detected:")
             print("\n".join(f"    {f}" for f in so_files))
-            print("")
+            print()

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import codecs
 import os
 import re
 import sys
 import time
-from typing import IO, AnyStr, Optional, Union
+from typing import IO, AnyStr
 
 from cibuildwheel.typing import Final
 from cibuildwheel.util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
@@ -39,10 +41,10 @@ class Logger:
     fold_mode: str
     colors_enabled: bool
     unicode_enabled: bool
-    active_build_identifier: Optional[str] = None
-    build_start_time: Optional[float] = None
-    step_start_time: Optional[float] = None
-    active_fold_group_name: Optional[str] = None
+    active_build_identifier: str | None = None
+    build_start_time: float | None = None
+    step_start_time: float | None = None
+    active_fold_group_name: str | None = None
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         if sys.platform == "win32" and hasattr(sys.stdout, "reconfigure"):
@@ -120,10 +122,17 @@ class Logger:
 
             self.step_start_time = None
 
-    def step_end_with_error(self, error: Union[BaseException, str]) -> None:
+    def step_end_with_error(self, error: BaseException | str) -> None:
         self.step_end(success=False)
         self.error(error)
 
+    def notice(self, message: str) -> None:
+        if self.fold_mode == "github":
+            print(f"::notice::{message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+        else:
+            c = self.colors
+            print(f"{c.bold}Note{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
+
     def warning(self, message: str) -> None:
         if self.fold_mode == "github":
             print(f"::warning::{message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
@@ -131,7 +140,7 @@ class Logger:
             c = self.colors
             print(f"{c.yellow}Warning{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
 
-    def error(self, error: Union[BaseException, str]) -> None:
+    def error(self, error: BaseException | str) -> None:
         if self.fold_mode == "github":
             print(f"::error::{error}\n", file=sys.stderr)
         else:
@@ -174,11 +183,11 @@ class Logger:
         return identifier.lower()[:20]
 
     @property
-    def colors(self) -> "Colors":
+    def colors(self) -> Colors:
         return Colors(enabled=self.colors_enabled)
 
     @property
-    def symbols(self) -> "Symbols":
+    def symbols(self) -> Symbols:
         return Symbols(unicode=self.unicode_enabled)
 
 
@@ -195,14 +204,16 @@ def build_description_from_identifier(identifier: str) -> str:
     elif python_interpreter == "pp":
         build_description += "PyPy"
     else:
-        raise Exception("unknown python")
+        msg = f"unknown python {python_interpreter!r}"
+        raise Exception(msg)
 
     build_description += f" {python_version[0]}.{python_version[1:]} "
 
     try:
         build_description += PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS[platform_identifier]
     except KeyError as e:
-        raise Exception("unknown platform") from e
+        msg = f"unknown platform {platform_identifier!r}"
+        raise Exception(msg) from e
 
     return build_description
 

cibuildwheel/macos.py

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
 import functools
 import os
 import platform
@@ -5,8 +8,9 @@ import re
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Sequence, Set, Tuple, cast
+from typing import Sequence, Tuple, cast
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
@@ -17,24 +21,27 @@ from .options import Options
 from .typing import Literal, PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
     BuildFrontend,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
     call,
     detect_ci_provider,
     download,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
     get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
     get_pip_version,
     install_certifi_script,
     prepare_command,
     read_python_configs,
     shell,
+    split_config_settings,
     unwrap,
     virtualenv,
 )
 
 
-def get_macos_version() -> Tuple[int, int]:
+def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
     """
     Returns the macOS major/minor version, as a tuple, e.g. (10, 15) or (11, 0)
 
@@ -48,20 +55,21 @@ def get_macos_version() -> Tuple[int, int]:
     return cast(Tuple[int, int], version)
 
 
-def get_macos_sdks() -> List[str]:
+def get_macos_sdks() -> list[str]:
     output = call("xcodebuild", "-showsdks", capture_stdout=True)
     return [m.group(1) for m in re.finditer(r"-sdk (macosx\S+)", output)]
 
 
-class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
     identifier: str
     url: str
 
 
 def get_python_configurations(
-    build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: Set[Architecture]
-) -> List[PythonConfiguration]:
+    build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: set[Architecture]
+) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
 
     full_python_configs = read_python_configs("macos")
 
@@ -130,7 +138,7 @@ def setup_python(
     dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
     build_frontend: BuildFrontend,
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     tmp.mkdir()
     implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
     log.step(f"Installing Python {implementation_id}...")
@@ -139,7 +147,8 @@ def setup_python(
     elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
         base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.url)
     else:
-        raise ValueError("Unknown Python implementation")
+        msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
     assert base_python.exists()
 
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
@@ -275,6 +284,9 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
     )
 
+    if not python_configurations:
+        return
+
     try:
         before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
         before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
@@ -288,6 +300,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             )
             shell(before_all_prepared, env=env)
 
+        built_wheels: list[Path] = []
+
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
@@ -315,88 +329,111 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 build_options.build_frontend,
             )
 
-            if build_options.before_build:
-                log.step("Running before_build...")
-                before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.before_build, project=".", package=build_options.package_dir
+            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
+            if compatible_wheel:
+                log.step_end()
+                print(
+                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
                 )
-                shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
-
-            log.step("Building wheel...")
-            built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
-
-            verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
-
-            if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
-                # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
-                # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
-                call(
-                    "python",
-                    "-m",
-                    "pip",
-                    "wheel",
-                    build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
-                    f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                    "--no-deps",
-                    *verbosity_flags,
-                    env=env,
-                )
-            elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
-                config_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if build_options.dependency_constraints:
-                    constraint_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                        config.version
+                repaired_wheel = compatible_wheel
+            else:
+                if build_options.before_build:
+                    log.step("Running before_build...")
+                    before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
+                        build_options.before_build, project=".", package=build_options.package_dir
                     )
-                    build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = constraint_path.as_uri()
-                build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = get_pip_version(env)
-                call(
-                    "python",
-                    "-m",
-                    "build",
-                    build_options.package_dir,
-                    "--wheel",
-                    f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                    f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
-                    env=build_env,
-                )
-            else:
-                assert_never(build_options.build_frontend)
+                    shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
 
-            built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                log.step("Building wheel...")
+                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
-            repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
+                verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
+                extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings)
 
-            if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                raise NonPlatformWheelError()
-
-            if build_options.repair_command:
-                log.step("Repairing wheel...")
-
-                if config_is_universal2:
-                    delocate_archs = "x86_64,arm64"
-                elif config_is_arm64:
-                    delocate_archs = "arm64"
+                if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
+                    extra_flags += verbosity_flags
+                    # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
+                    # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
+                    call(
+                        "python",
+                        "-m",
+                        "pip",
+                        "wheel",
+                        build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
+                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                        "--no-deps",
+                        *extra_flags,
+                        env=env,
+                    )
+                elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
+                    verbosity_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
+                    extra_flags += (f"--config-setting={verbosity_setting}",)
+                    build_env = env.copy()
+                    if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+                        constraint_path = (
+                            build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                                config.version
+                            )
+                        )
+                        build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = constraint_path.as_uri()
+                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = get_pip_version(env)
+                    call(
+                        "python",
+                        "-m",
+                        "build",
+                        build_options.package_dir,
+                        "--wheel",
+                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                        *extra_flags,
+                        env=build_env,
+                    )
                 else:
-                    delocate_archs = "x86_64"
+                    assert_never(build_options.build_frontend)
 
-                repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.repair_command,
-                    wheel=built_wheel,
-                    dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
-                    delocate_archs=delocate_archs,
-                )
-                shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
-            else:
-                shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
+                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
-            repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
-            log.step_end()
+                if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
+                    raise NonPlatformWheelError()
+
+                if build_options.repair_command:
+                    log.step("Repairing wheel...")
+
+                    if config_is_universal2:
+                        delocate_archs = "x86_64,arm64"
+                    elif config_is_arm64:
+                        delocate_archs = "arm64"
+                    else:
+                        delocate_archs = "x86_64"
+
+                    repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
+                        build_options.repair_command,
+                        wheel=built_wheel,
+                        dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                        delocate_archs=delocate_archs,
+                    )
+                    shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
+                else:
+                    shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
+
+                repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+
+                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
+                    raise AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
+
+                log.step_end()
 
             if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
                 machine_arch = platform.machine()
-                testing_archs: List[Literal["x86_64", "arm64"]]
+                python_arch = call(
+                    "python",
+                    "-sSc",
+                    "import platform; print(platform.machine())",
+                    env=env,
+                    capture_stdout=True,
+                ).strip()
+                testing_archs: list[Literal["x86_64", "arm64"]]
 
                 if config_is_arm64:
                     testing_archs = ["arm64"]
@@ -438,7 +475,26 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                                 )
                             )
                         else:
-                            raise RuntimeError("unreachable")
+                            msg = "unreachable"
+                            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+                        # skip this test
+                        continue
+
+                    is_cp38 = config.identifier.startswith("cp38-")
+                    if testing_arch == "arm64" and is_cp38 and python_arch != "arm64":
+                        log.warning(
+                            unwrap(
+                                """
+                                While cibuildwheel can build CPython 3.8 universal2/arm64 wheels, we
+                                cannot test the arm64 part of them, even when running on an Apple
+                                Silicon machine. This is because we use the x86_64 installer of
+                                CPython 3.8. See the discussion in
+                                https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/1169 for the details. To
+                                silence this warning, set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: cp38-macosx_*:arm64`.
+                                """
+                            )
+                        )
 
                         # skip this test
                         continue
@@ -466,7 +522,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
                     # define a custom 'call' function that adds the arch prefix each time
                     call_with_arch = functools.partial(call, *arch_prefix)
-                    shell_with_arch = functools.partial(shell, *arch_prefix)
+                    shell_with_arch = functools.partial(call, *arch_prefix, "/bin/sh", "-c")
 
                     # Use --no-download to ensure determinism by using seed libraries
                     # built into virtualenv
@@ -518,7 +574,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     )
 
             # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
-            shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
+            if compatible_wheel is None:
+                with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+                    (build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name).unlink()
+
+                shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
+                built_wheels.append(build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name)
 
             # clean up
             shutil.rmtree(identifier_tmp_dir)

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -1,30 +1,46 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import io
 import json
 import os
 import platform
 import shlex
+import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import uuid
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import IO, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, cast
+from typing import IO, Dict, Sequence, cast
 
 from cibuildwheel.util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
 
-from .typing import PathOrStr, PopenBytes
+from .typing import Literal, PathOrStr, PopenBytes
+
+ContainerEngine = Literal["docker", "podman"]
 
 
-class DockerContainer:
+class OCIContainer:
     """
-    An object that represents a running Docker container.
+    An object that represents a running OCI (e.g. Docker) container.
 
     Intended for use as a context manager e.g.
-    `with DockerContainer(docker_image = 'ubuntu') as docker:`
+    `with OCIContainer(image = 'ubuntu') as docker:`
 
     A bash shell is running in the remote container. When `call()` is invoked,
     the command is relayed to the remote shell, and the results are streamed
     back to cibuildwheel.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> from cibuildwheel.oci_container import *  # NOQA
+        >>> from cibuildwheel.options import _get_pinned_container_images
+        >>> image = _get_pinned_container_images()['x86_64']['manylinux2014']
+        >>> # Test the default container
+        >>> with OCIContainer(image=image) as self:
+        ...     self.call(["echo", "hello world"])
+        ...     self.call(["cat", "/proc/1/cgroup"])
+        ...     print(self.get_environment())
+        ...     print(self.debug_info())
     """
 
     UTILITY_PYTHON = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python"
@@ -34,19 +50,26 @@ class DockerContainer:
     bash_stdout: IO[bytes]
 
     def __init__(
-        self, *, docker_image: str, simulate_32_bit: bool = False, cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None
+        self,
+        *,
+        image: str,
+        simulate_32_bit: bool = False,
+        cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
+        engine: ContainerEngine = "docker",
     ):
-        if not docker_image:
-            raise ValueError("Must have a non-empty docker image to run.")
+        if not image:
+            msg = "Must have a non-empty image to run."
+            raise ValueError(msg)
 
-        self.docker_image = docker_image
+        self.image = image
         self.simulate_32_bit = simulate_32_bit
         self.cwd = cwd
-        self.name: Optional[str] = None
+        self.name: str | None = None
+        self.engine = engine
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> OCIContainer:
 
-    def __enter__(self) -> "DockerContainer":
         self.name = f"cibuildwheel-{uuid.uuid4()}"
-        cwd_args = ["-w", str(self.cwd)] if self.cwd else []
 
         # work-around for Travis-CI PPC64le Docker runs since 2021:
         # this avoids network splits
@@ -57,24 +80,25 @@ class DockerContainer:
             network_args = ["--network=host"]
 
         shell_args = ["linux32", "/bin/bash"] if self.simulate_32_bit else ["/bin/bash"]
+
         subprocess.run(
             [
-                "docker",
+                self.engine,
                 "create",
                 "--env=CIBUILDWHEEL",
                 f"--name={self.name}",
                 "--interactive",
                 "--volume=/:/host",  # ignored on CircleCI
                 *network_args,
-                *cwd_args,
-                self.docker_image,
+                self.image,
                 *shell_args,
             ],
             check=True,
         )
+
         self.process = subprocess.Popen(
             [
-                "docker",
+                self.engine,
                 "start",
                 "--attach",
                 "--interactive",
@@ -89,15 +113,21 @@ class DockerContainer:
         self.bash_stdout = self.process.stdout
 
         # run a noop command to block until the container is responding
-        self.call(["/bin/true"])
+        self.call(["/bin/true"], cwd="/")
+
+        if self.cwd:
+            # Although `docker create -w` does create the working dir if it
+            # does not exist, podman does not. There does not seem to be a way
+            # to setup a workdir for a container running in podman.
+            self.call(["mkdir", "-p", os.fspath(self.cwd)], cwd="/")
 
         return self
 
     def __exit__(
         self,
-        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
-        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
-        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
     ) -> None:
 
         self.bash_stdin.write(b"exit 0\n")
@@ -106,10 +136,19 @@ class DockerContainer:
         self.bash_stdin.close()
         self.bash_stdout.close()
 
+        if self.engine == "podman":
+            # This works around what seems to be a race condition in the podman
+            # backend. The full reason is not understood. See PR #966 for a
+            # discussion on possible causes and attempts to remove this line.
+            # For now, this seems to work "well enough".
+            self.process.wait()
+
         assert isinstance(self.name, str)
 
         subprocess.run(
-            ["docker", "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, check=False
+            [self.engine, "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name],
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            check=False,
         )
         self.name = None
 
@@ -122,53 +161,94 @@ class DockerContainer:
         if from_path.is_dir():
             self.call(["mkdir", "-p", to_path])
             subprocess.run(
-                f"tar cf - . | docker exec -i {self.name} tar -xC {shell_quote(to_path)} -f -",
+                f"tar cf - . | {self.engine} exec -i {self.name} tar --no-same-owner -xC {shell_quote(to_path)} -f -",
                 shell=True,
                 check=True,
                 cwd=from_path,
             )
         else:
-            subprocess.run(
-                f'cat {shell_quote(from_path)} | docker exec -i {self.name} sh -c "cat > {shell_quote(to_path)}"',
-                shell=True,
-                check=True,
-            )
+            with subprocess.Popen(
+                [
+                    self.engine,
+                    "exec",
+                    "-i",
+                    str(self.name),
+                    "sh",
+                    "-c",
+                    f"cat > {shell_quote(to_path)}",
+                ],
+                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            ) as exec_process:
+                exec_process.stdin = cast(IO[bytes], exec_process.stdin)
+
+                with open(from_path, "rb") as from_file:
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(from_file, exec_process.stdin)
+
+                exec_process.stdin.close()
+                exec_process.wait()
+
+                if exec_process.returncode:
+                    raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(
+                        exec_process.returncode, exec_process.args, None, None
+                    )
 
     def copy_out(self, from_path: PurePath, to_path: Path) -> None:
         # note: we assume from_path is a dir
         to_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
-        subprocess.run(
-            f"docker exec -i {self.name} tar -cC {shell_quote(from_path)} -f - . | tar -xf -",
-            shell=True,
-            check=True,
-            cwd=to_path,
-        )
+        if self.engine == "podman":
+            subprocess.run(
+                [
+                    self.engine,
+                    "cp",
+                    f"{self.name}:{from_path}/.",
+                    str(to_path),
+                ],
+                check=True,
+                cwd=to_path,
+            )
+        elif self.engine == "docker":
+            # There is a bug in docker that prevents a simple 'cp' invocation
+            # from working https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/38995
+            command = f"{self.engine} exec -i {self.name} tar -cC {shell_quote(from_path)} -f - . | tar -xf -"
+            subprocess.run(
+                command,
+                shell=True,
+                check=True,
+                cwd=to_path,
+            )
+        else:
+            raise KeyError(self.engine)
 
-    def glob(self, path: PurePath, pattern: str) -> List[PurePath]:
-        glob_pattern = os.path.join(str(path), pattern)
+    def glob(self, path: PurePosixPath, pattern: str) -> list[PurePosixPath]:
+        glob_pattern = path.joinpath(pattern)
 
         path_strings = json.loads(
             self.call(
                 [
                     self.UTILITY_PYTHON,
                     "-c",
-                    f"import sys, json, glob; json.dump(glob.glob({glob_pattern!r}), sys.stdout)",
+                    f"import sys, json, glob; json.dump(glob.glob({str(glob_pattern)!r}), sys.stdout)",
                 ],
                 capture_output=True,
             )
         )
 
-        return [PurePath(p) for p in path_strings]
+        return [PurePosixPath(p) for p in path_strings]
 
     def call(
         self,
         args: Sequence[PathOrStr],
-        env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
         capture_output: bool = False,
-        cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+        cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
     ) -> str:
 
+        if cwd is None:
+            # Podman does not start the a container in a specific working dir
+            # so we always need to specify it when making calls.
+            cwd = self.cwd
+
         chdir = f"cd {cwd}" if cwd else ""
         env_assignments = (
             " ".join(f"{shlex.quote(k)}={shlex.quote(v)}" for k, v in env.items())
@@ -237,7 +317,7 @@ class DockerContainer:
 
         return output
 
-    def get_environment(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def get_environment(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         env = json.loads(
             self.call(
                 [
@@ -250,10 +330,26 @@ class DockerContainer:
         )
         return cast(Dict[str, str], env)
 
-    def environment_executor(self, command: List[str], environment: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    def environment_executor(self, command: list[str], environment: dict[str, str]) -> str:
         # used as an EnvironmentExecutor to evaluate commands and capture output
         return self.call(command, env=environment, capture_output=True)
 
+    def debug_info(self) -> str:
+        if self.engine == "podman":
+            command = f"{self.engine} info --debug"
+        else:
+            command = f"{self.engine} info"
+        completed = subprocess.run(
+            command,
+            shell=True,
+            check=True,
+            cwd=self.cwd,
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
+        output = str(completed.stdout, encoding="utf8", errors="surrogateescape")
+        return output
+
 
 def shell_quote(path: PurePath) -> str:
-    return shlex.quote(str(path))
+    return shlex.quote(os.fspath(path))

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -1,30 +1,29 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import configparser
+import contextlib
+import dataclasses
+import difflib
 import functools
 import os
+import shlex
 import sys
 import traceback
-from configparser import ConfigParser
-from contextlib import contextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Dict,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
-    Mapping,
-    NamedTuple,
-    Optional,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
-    Union,
-)
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Generator, Iterator, List, Mapping, Union, cast
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    import tomllib
+else:
+    import tomli as tomllib
 
-import tomli
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
+from .oci_container import ContainerEngine
 from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str
-from .typing import PLATFORMS, Literal, PlatformName, TypedDict
+from .typing import PLATFORMS, Literal, NotRequired, PlatformName, TypedDict
 from .util import (
     MANYLINUX_ARCHS,
     MUSLLINUX_ARCHS,
@@ -33,6 +32,7 @@ from .util import (
     DependencyConstraints,
     TestSelector,
     cached_property,
+    format_safe,
     resources_dir,
     selector_matches,
     strtobool,
@@ -40,40 +40,46 @@ from .util import (
 )
 
 
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class CommandLineArguments:
-    platform: Literal["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"]
-    archs: Optional[str]
-    output_dir: Optional[str]
+    platform: Literal["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"] | None
+    archs: str | None
+    output_dir: Path
+    only: str | None
     config_file: str
-    package_dir: str
+    package_dir: Path
     print_build_identifiers: bool
     allow_empty: bool
     prerelease_pythons: bool
 
 
-class GlobalOptions(NamedTuple):
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class GlobalOptions:
     package_dir: Path
     output_dir: Path
     build_selector: BuildSelector
     test_selector: TestSelector
-    architectures: Set[Architecture]
+    architectures: set[Architecture]
+    container_engine: ContainerEngine
 
 
-class BuildOptions(NamedTuple):
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildOptions:
     globals: GlobalOptions
     environment: ParsedEnvironment
     before_all: str
-    before_build: Optional[str]
+    before_build: str | None
     repair_command: str
-    manylinux_images: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
-    musllinux_images: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
-    dependency_constraints: Optional[DependencyConstraints]
-    test_command: Optional[str]
-    before_test: Optional[str]
-    test_requires: List[str]
+    manylinux_images: dict[str, str] | None
+    musllinux_images: dict[str, str] | None
+    dependency_constraints: DependencyConstraints | None
+    test_command: str | None
+    before_test: str | None
+    test_requires: list[str]
     test_extras: str
     build_verbosity: int
     build_frontend: BuildFrontend
+    config_settings: str
 
     @property
     def package_dir(self) -> Path:
@@ -92,16 +98,17 @@ class BuildOptions(NamedTuple):
         return self.globals.test_selector
 
     @property
-    def architectures(self) -> Set[Architecture]:
+    def architectures(self) -> set[Architecture]:
         return self.globals.architectures
 
 
 Setting = Union[Dict[str, str], List[str], str, int]
 
 
-class Override(NamedTuple):
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Override:
     select_pattern: str
-    options: Dict[str, Setting]
+    options: dict[str, Setting]
 
 
 MANYLINUX_OPTIONS = {f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image" for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS}
@@ -116,13 +123,14 @@ DISALLOWED_OPTIONS = {
 class TableFmt(TypedDict):
     item: str
     sep: str
+    quote: NotRequired[Callable[[str], str]]
 
 
 class ConfigOptionError(KeyError):
     pass
 
 
-def _dig_first(*pairs: Tuple[Mapping[str, Setting], str], ignore_empty: bool = False) -> Setting:
+def _dig_first(*pairs: tuple[Mapping[str, Setting], str], ignore_empty: bool = False) -> Setting:
     """
     Return the first dict item that matches from pairs of dicts and keys.
     Will throw a KeyError if missing.
@@ -130,7 +138,8 @@ def _dig_first(*pairs: Tuple[Mapping[str, Setting], str], ignore_empty: bool = F
     _dig_first((dict1, "key1"), (dict2, "key2"), ...)
     """
     if not pairs:
-        raise ValueError("pairs cannot be empty")
+        msg = "pairs cannot be empty"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
 
     for dict_like, key in pairs:
         if key in dict_like:
@@ -164,10 +173,10 @@ class OptionsReader:
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        config_file_path: Optional[Path] = None,
+        config_file_path: Path | None = None,
         *,
         platform: PlatformName,
-        disallow: Optional[Dict[str, Set[str]]] = None,
+        disallow: dict[str, set[str]] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.platform = platform
         self.disallow = disallow or {}
@@ -177,74 +186,83 @@ class OptionsReader:
         self.default_options, self.default_platform_options = self._load_file(defaults_path)
 
         # Load the project config file
-        config_options: Dict[str, Any] = {}
-        config_platform_options: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        config_options: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        config_platform_options: dict[str, Any] = {}
 
         if config_file_path is not None:
             config_options, config_platform_options = self._load_file(config_file_path)
 
         # Validate project config
         for option_name in config_options:
-            if not self._is_valid_global_option(option_name):
-                raise ConfigOptionError(f'Option "{option_name}" not supported in a config file')
+            self._validate_global_option(option_name)
 
         for option_name in config_platform_options:
-            if not self._is_valid_platform_option(option_name):
-                raise ConfigOptionError(
-                    f'Option "{option_name}" not supported in the "{self.platform}" section'
-                )
+            self._validate_platform_option(option_name)
 
         self.config_options = config_options
         self.config_platform_options = config_platform_options
 
-        self.overrides: List[Override] = []
-        self.current_identifier: Optional[str] = None
+        self.overrides: list[Override] = []
+        self.current_identifier: str | None = None
 
         config_overrides = self.config_options.get("overrides")
 
         if config_overrides is not None:
             if not isinstance(config_overrides, list):
-                raise ConfigOptionError('"tool.cibuildwheel.overrides" must be a list')
+                msg = "'tool.cibuildwheel.overrides' must be a list"
+                raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
 
             for config_override in config_overrides:
                 select = config_override.pop("select", None)
 
                 if not select:
-                    raise ConfigOptionError('"select" must be set in an override')
+                    msg = "'select' must be set in an override"
+                    raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
 
                 if isinstance(select, list):
                     select = " ".join(select)
 
                 self.overrides.append(Override(select, config_override))
 
-    def _is_valid_global_option(self, name: str) -> bool:
+    def _validate_global_option(self, name: str) -> None:
         """
-        Returns True if an option with this name is allowed in the
+        Raises an error if an option with this name is not allowed in the
         [tool.cibuildwheel] section of a config file.
         """
         allowed_option_names = self.default_options.keys() | PLATFORMS | {"overrides"}
 
-        return name in allowed_option_names
+        if name not in allowed_option_names:
+            msg = f"Option {name!r} not supported in a config file."
+            matches = difflib.get_close_matches(name, allowed_option_names, 1, 0.7)
+            if matches:
+                msg += f" Perhaps you meant {matches[0]!r}?"
+            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
 
-    def _is_valid_platform_option(self, name: str) -> bool:
+    def _validate_platform_option(self, name: str) -> None:
         """
-        Returns True if an option with this name is allowed in the
+        Raises an error if an option with this name is not allowed in the
         [tool.cibuildwheel.<current-platform>] section of a config file.
         """
         disallowed_platform_options = self.disallow.get(self.platform, set())
         if name in disallowed_platform_options:
-            return False
+            msg = f"{name!r} is not allowed in {disallowed_platform_options}"
+            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
 
         allowed_option_names = self.default_options.keys() | self.default_platform_options.keys()
 
-        return name in allowed_option_names
+        if name not in allowed_option_names:
+            msg = f"Option {name!r} not supported in the {self.platform!r} section"
+            matches = difflib.get_close_matches(name, allowed_option_names, 1, 0.7)
+            if matches:
+                msg += f" Perhaps you meant {matches[0]!r}?"
+            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
 
-    def _load_file(self, filename: Path) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def _load_file(self, filename: Path) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         Load a toml file, returns global and platform as separate dicts.
         """
         with filename.open("rb") as f:
-            config = tomli.load(f)
+            config = tomllib.load(f)
 
         global_options = config.get("tool", {}).get("cibuildwheel", {})
         platform_options = global_options.get(self.platform, {})
@@ -252,15 +270,15 @@ class OptionsReader:
         return global_options, platform_options
 
     @property
-    def active_config_overrides(self) -> List[Override]:
+    def active_config_overrides(self) -> list[Override]:
         if self.current_identifier is None:
             return []
         return [
             o for o in self.overrides if selector_matches(o.select_pattern, self.current_identifier)
         ]
 
-    @contextmanager
-    def identifier(self, identifier: Optional[str]) -> Iterator[None]:
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def identifier(self, identifier: str | None) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
         self.current_identifier = identifier
         try:
             yield
@@ -272,8 +290,8 @@ class OptionsReader:
         name: str,
         *,
         env_plat: bool = True,
-        sep: Optional[str] = None,
-        table: Optional[TableFmt] = None,
+        sep: str | None = None,
+        table: TableFmt | None = None,
         ignore_empty: bool = False,
     ) -> str:
         """
@@ -282,12 +300,14 @@ class OptionsReader:
         accept platform versions of the environment variable. If this is an
         array it will be merged with "sep" before returning. If it is a table,
         it will be formatted with "table['item']" using {k} and {v} and merged
-        with "table['sep']". Empty variables will not override if ignore_empty
-        is True.
+        with "table['sep']". If sep is also given, it will be used for arrays
+        inside the table (must match table['sep']). Empty variables will not
+        override if ignore_empty is True.
         """
 
         if name not in self.default_options and name not in self.default_platform_options:
-            raise ConfigOptionError(f"{name} must be in cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml file")
+            msg = f"{name!r} must be in cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml file to be accessed."
+            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
 
         # Environment variable form
         envvar = f"CIBW_{name.upper().replace('-', '_')}"
@@ -311,12 +331,16 @@ class OptionsReader:
 
         if isinstance(result, dict):
             if table is None:
-                raise ConfigOptionError(f"{name} does not accept a table")
-            return table["sep"].join(table["item"].format(k=k, v=v) for k, v in result.items())
+                msg = f"{name!r} does not accept a table"
+                raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+            return table["sep"].join(
+                item for k, v in result.items() for item in _inner_fmt(k, v, table)
+            )
 
         if isinstance(result, list):
             if sep is None:
-                raise ConfigOptionError(f"{name} does not accept a list")
+                msg = f"{name!r} does not accept a list"
+                raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
             return sep.join(result)
 
         if isinstance(result, int):
@@ -325,6 +349,18 @@ class OptionsReader:
         return result
 
 
+def _inner_fmt(k: str, v: Any, table: TableFmt) -> Iterator[str]:
+    quote_function = table.get("quote", lambda a: a)
+
+    if isinstance(v, list):
+        for inner_v in v:
+            qv = quote_function(inner_v)
+            yield table["item"].format(k=k, v=qv)
+    else:
+        qv = quote_function(v)
+        yield table["item"].format(k=k, v=qv)
+
+
 class Options:
     def __init__(self, platform: PlatformName, command_line_arguments: CommandLineArguments):
         self.platform = platform
@@ -337,11 +373,11 @@ class Options:
         )
 
     @property
-    def config_file_path(self) -> Optional[Path]:
+    def config_file_path(self) -> Path | None:
         args = self.command_line_arguments
 
         if args.config_file:
-            return Path(args.config_file.format(package=args.package_dir))
+            return Path(format_safe(args.config_file, package=args.package_dir))
 
         # return pyproject.toml, if it's available
         pyproject_toml_path = Path(args.package_dir) / "pyproject.toml"
@@ -351,19 +387,15 @@ class Options:
         return None
 
     @cached_property
-    def package_requires_python_str(self) -> Optional[str]:
+    def package_requires_python_str(self) -> str | None:
         args = self.command_line_arguments
         return get_requires_python_str(Path(args.package_dir))
 
     @property
     def globals(self) -> GlobalOptions:
         args = self.command_line_arguments
-        package_dir = Path(args.package_dir)
-        output_dir = Path(
-            args.output_dir
-            if args.output_dir is not None
-            else os.environ.get("CIBW_OUTPUT_DIR", "wheelhouse")
-        )
+        package_dir = args.package_dir
+        output_dir = args.output_dir
 
         build_config = self.reader.get("build", env_plat=False, sep=" ") or "*"
         skip_config = self.reader.get("skip", env_plat=False, sep=" ")
@@ -375,11 +407,20 @@ class Options:
 
         # This is not supported in tool.cibuildwheel, as it comes from a standard location.
         # Passing this in as an environment variable will override pyproject.toml, setup.cfg, or setup.py
-        requires_python_str: Optional[str] = (
+        requires_python_str: str | None = (
             os.environ.get("CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON") or self.package_requires_python_str
         )
         requires_python = None if requires_python_str is None else SpecifierSet(requires_python_str)
 
+        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", sep=" ")
+        architectures = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=self.platform)
+
+        # Process `--only`
+        if args.only:
+            build_config = args.only
+            skip_config = ""
+            architectures = Architecture.all_archs(self.platform)
+
         build_selector = BuildSelector(
             build_config=build_config,
             skip_config=skip_config,
@@ -388,8 +429,14 @@ class Options:
         )
         test_selector = TestSelector(skip_config=test_skip)
 
-        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", sep=" ")
-        architectures = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=self.platform)
+        container_engine_str = self.reader.get("container-engine")
+
+        if container_engine_str not in ["docker", "podman"]:
+            msg = f"cibuildwheel: Unrecognised container_engine {container_engine_str!r}, only 'docker' and 'podman' are supported"
+            print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(2)
+
+        container_engine = cast(ContainerEngine, container_engine_str)
 
         return GlobalOptions(
             package_dir=package_dir,
@@ -397,9 +444,10 @@ class Options:
             build_selector=build_selector,
             test_selector=test_selector,
             architectures=architectures,
+            container_engine=container_engine,
         )
 
-    def build_options(self, identifier: Optional[str]) -> BuildOptions:
+    def build_options(self, identifier: str | None) -> BuildOptions:
         """
         Compute BuildOptions for a single run configuration.
         """
@@ -414,6 +462,9 @@ class Options:
             environment_pass = self.reader.get("environment-pass", sep=" ").split()
             before_build = self.reader.get("before-build", sep=" && ")
             repair_command = self.reader.get("repair-wheel-command", sep=" && ")
+            config_settings = self.reader.get(
+                "config-settings", table={"item": "{k}={v}", "sep": " ", "quote": shlex.quote}
+            )
 
             dependency_versions = self.reader.get("dependency-versions")
             test_command = self.reader.get("test-command", sep=" && ")
@@ -428,7 +479,7 @@ class Options:
             elif build_frontend_str == "pip":
                 build_frontend = "pip"
             else:
-                msg = f"cibuildwheel: Unrecognised build frontend '{build_frontend_str}', only 'pip' and 'build' are supported"
+                msg = f"cibuildwheel: Unrecognised build frontend {build_frontend_str!r}, only 'pip' and 'build' are supported"
                 print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
                 sys.exit(2)
 
@@ -436,7 +487,7 @@ class Options:
                 environment = parse_environment(environment_config)
             except (EnvironmentParseError, ValueError):
                 print(
-                    f'cibuildwheel: Malformed environment option "{environment_config}"',
+                    f"cibuildwheel: Malformed environment option {environment_config!r}",
                     file=sys.stderr,
                 )
                 traceback.print_exc(None, sys.stderr)
@@ -445,15 +496,13 @@ class Options:
             # Pass through environment variables
             if self.platform == "linux":
                 for env_var_name in environment_pass:
-                    try:
+                    with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
                         environment.add(env_var_name, os.environ[env_var_name])
-                    except KeyError:
-                        pass
 
             if dependency_versions == "pinned":
-                dependency_constraints: Optional[
+                dependency_constraints: None | (
                     DependencyConstraints
-                ] = DependencyConstraints.with_defaults()
+                ) = DependencyConstraints.with_defaults()
             elif dependency_versions == "latest":
                 dependency_constraints = None
             else:
@@ -468,13 +517,13 @@ class Options:
             except ValueError:
                 build_verbosity = 0
 
-            manylinux_images: Dict[str, str] = {}
-            musllinux_images: Dict[str, str] = {}
+            manylinux_images: dict[str, str] = {}
+            musllinux_images: dict[str, str] = {}
             if self.platform == "linux":
-                all_pinned_docker_images = _get_pinned_docker_images()
+                all_pinned_container_images = _get_pinned_container_images()
 
                 for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS:
-                    pinned_images = all_pinned_docker_images[build_platform]
+                    pinned_images = all_pinned_container_images[build_platform]
 
                     config_value = self.reader.get(
                         f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image", ignore_empty=True
@@ -491,7 +540,7 @@ class Options:
                     manylinux_images[build_platform] = image
 
                 for build_platform in MUSLLINUX_ARCHS:
-                    pinned_images = all_pinned_docker_images[build_platform]
+                    pinned_images = all_pinned_container_images[build_platform]
 
                     config_value = self.reader.get(f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image")
 
@@ -519,10 +568,11 @@ class Options:
                 manylinux_images=manylinux_images or None,
                 musllinux_images=musllinux_images or None,
                 build_frontend=build_frontend,
+                config_settings=config_settings,
             )
 
-    def check_for_invalid_configuration(self, identifiers: List[str]) -> None:
-        if self.platform in ["macos", "windows"]:
+    def check_for_invalid_configuration(self, identifiers: list[str]) -> None:
+        if self.platform in {"macos", "windows"}:
             before_all_values = {self.build_options(i).before_all for i in identifiers}
 
             if len(before_all_values) > 1:
@@ -544,15 +594,18 @@ class Options:
         deprecated_selectors("CIBW_SKIP", build_selector.skip_config)
         deprecated_selectors("CIBW_TEST_SKIP", test_selector.skip_config)
 
-    def summary(self, identifiers: List[str]) -> str:
+    def summary(self, identifiers: list[str]) -> str:
         lines = [
             f"{option_name}: {option_value!r}"
-            for option_name, option_value in sorted(self.globals._asdict().items())
+            for option_name, option_value in sorted(dataclasses.asdict(self.globals).items())
         ]
 
         build_option_defaults = self.build_options(identifier=None)
+        build_options_for_identifier = {
+            identifier: self.build_options(identifier) for identifier in identifiers
+        }
 
-        for option_name, default_value in sorted(build_option_defaults._asdict().items()):
+        for option_name, default_value in sorted(dataclasses.asdict(build_option_defaults).items()):
             if option_name == "globals":
                 continue
 
@@ -560,7 +613,7 @@ class Options:
 
             # if any identifiers have an overridden value, print that too
             for identifier in identifiers:
-                option_value = self.build_options(identifier=identifier)._asdict()[option_name]
+                option_value = getattr(build_options_for_identifier[identifier], option_name)
                 if option_value != default_value:
                     lines.append(f"  {identifier}: {option_value!r}")
 
@@ -577,7 +630,7 @@ def compute_options(
 
 
 @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-def _get_pinned_docker_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
+def _get_pinned_container_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
     """
     This looks like a dict of dicts, e.g.
     { 'x86_64': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
@@ -586,10 +639,10 @@ def _get_pinned_docker_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
       ... }
     """
 
-    pinned_docker_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
-    all_pinned_docker_images = ConfigParser()
-    all_pinned_docker_images.read(pinned_docker_images_file)
-    return all_pinned_docker_images
+    pinned_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
+    all_pinned_images = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    all_pinned_images.read(pinned_images_file)
+    return all_pinned_images
 
 
 def deprecated_selectors(name: str, selector: str, *, error: bool = False) -> None:

cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py

@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
-import ast
-import sys
-from configparser import ConfigParser
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-import tomli
+import ast
+import configparser
+import contextlib
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    import tomllib
+else:
+    import tomli as tomllib
 
 if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
     Constant = ast.Str
@@ -21,7 +27,7 @@ else:
 
 class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.requires_python: Optional[str] = None
+        self.requires_python: str | None = None
 
     def visit(self, node: ast.AST) -> None:
         for inner_node in ast.walk(node):
@@ -40,7 +46,7 @@ class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
                 self.requires_python = get_constant(node.value)
 
 
-def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> Optional[str]:
+def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> str | None:
     try:
         tree = ast.parse(content)
         analyzer = Analyzer()
@@ -50,29 +56,25 @@ def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> Optional[str]:
         return None
 
 
-def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> Optional[str]:
+def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> str | None:
     """Return the python requires string from the most canonical source available, or None"""
 
     # Read in from pyproject.toml:project.requires-python
-    try:
+    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
         with (package_dir / "pyproject.toml").open("rb") as f1:
-            info = tomli.load(f1)
-        return str(info["project"]["requires-python"])
-    except (FileNotFoundError, KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
-        pass
+            info = tomllib.load(f1)
+        with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
+            return str(info["project"]["requires-python"])
 
     # Read in from setup.cfg:options.python_requires
-    try:
-        config = ConfigParser()
+    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
         config.read(package_dir / "setup.cfg")
-        return str(config["options"]["python_requires"])
-    except (FileNotFoundError, KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
-        pass
+        with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
+            return str(config["options"]["python_requires"])
 
-    try:
+    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
         with (package_dir / "setup.py").open(encoding="utf8") as f2:
             return setup_py_python_requires(f2.read())
-    except FileNotFoundError:
-        pass
 
     return None

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_i686", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_i686", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
@@ -18,16 +20,19 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
@@ -39,26 +44,31 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
   { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_i686", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_i686", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
   { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
   { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
   { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
 ]
 
 [macos]
@@ -68,12 +78,15 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_universal2", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.12/python-3.9.12-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.12/python-3.9.12-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_universal2", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.12/python-3.9.12-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/python-3.10.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/python-3.10.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/python-3.10.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/python-3.9.13-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/python-3.9.13-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_universal2", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/python-3.9.13-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.7/python-3.10.7-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.7/python-3.10.7-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.7/python-3.10.7-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/python-3.11.0rc2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/python-3.11.0rc2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_universal2", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/python-3.11.0rc2-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
@@ -87,12 +100,15 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7.9", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp38-win32", version = "3.8.10", arch = "32" },
   { identifier = "cp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8.10", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.12", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.12", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.4", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.4", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.13", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.13", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.7", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.7", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.0-rc2", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.0-rc2", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.4", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.7", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.0-rc2", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -2,21 +2,19 @@
 # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.10
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.10
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.6
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.6.0
+filelock==3.8.0
     # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.5.1
+platformdirs==2.5.2
     # via virtualenv
-six==1.16.0
-    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.1.1
+typing-extensions==4.4.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.0
+virtualenv==20.16.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
     # via
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ wheel==0.37.1
     #   delocate
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==22.0.4
+pip==22.2.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==61.3.0
+setuptools==65.4.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python311.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.11
+# To update, run:
+#
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.11
+#
+delocate==0.10.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.6
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.8.0
+    # via virtualenv
+platformdirs==2.5.2
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.4.0
+    # via delocate
+virtualenv==20.16.5
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.37.1
+    # via
+    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+    #   delocate
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==22.2.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==65.4.1
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python36.txt

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.6
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.6
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.6
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.4.1
     # via virtualenv
@@ -16,13 +16,11 @@ importlib-resources==5.4.0
     # via virtualenv
 platformdirs==2.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-six==1.16.0
-    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.1.1
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   importlib-metadata
-virtualenv==20.14.0
+virtualenv==20.16.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
     # via

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python37.txt

@@ -2,35 +2,33 @@
 # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.7
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.7
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.6
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.6.0
+filelock==3.8.0
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==4.11.3
+importlib-metadata==5.0.0
     # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.5.1
+platformdirs==2.5.2
     # via virtualenv
-six==1.16.0
-    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.1.1
+typing-extensions==4.4.0
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   importlib-metadata
-virtualenv==20.14.0
+virtualenv==20.16.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
     # via
     #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
     #   delocate
-zipp==3.7.0
+zipp==3.9.0
     # via importlib-metadata
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==22.0.4
+pip==22.2.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==61.3.0
+setuptools==65.4.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python38.txt

@@ -2,21 +2,19 @@
 # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.8
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.8
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.6
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.6.0
+filelock==3.8.0
     # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.5.1
+platformdirs==2.5.2
     # via virtualenv
-six==1.16.0
-    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.1.1
+typing-extensions==4.4.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.0
+virtualenv==20.16.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
     # via
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ wheel==0.37.1
     #   delocate
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==22.0.4
+pip==22.2.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==61.3.0
+setuptools==65.4.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -2,21 +2,19 @@
 # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.9
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.9
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.6
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.6.0
+filelock==3.8.0
     # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.5.1
+platformdirs==2.5.2
     # via virtualenv
-six==1.16.0
-    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.1.1
+typing-extensions==4.4.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.0
+virtualenv==20.16.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
     # via
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ wheel==0.37.1
     #   delocate
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==22.0.4
+pip==22.2.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==61.3.0
+setuptools==65.4.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
 #
-# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.9
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.11
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.11
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.6
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.6.0
+filelock==3.8.0
     # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.5.1
+platformdirs==2.5.2
     # via virtualenv
-six==1.16.0
-    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.1.1
+typing-extensions==4.4.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.0
+virtualenv==20.16.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
     # via
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ wheel==0.37.1
     #   delocate
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==22.0.4
+pip==22.2.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==61.3.0
+setuptools==65.4.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ test-skip = ""
 
 archs = ["auto"]
 build-frontend = "pip"
+config-settings = {}
 dependency-versions = "pinned"
 environment = {}
 environment-pass = []
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ before-test = ""
 test-requires = []
 test-extras = []
 
+container-engine = "docker"
+
 manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-aarch64-image = "manylinux2014"

cibuildwheel/resources/install_certifi.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 # for the ssl module.  Uses the certificates provided by the certifi package:
 #       https://pypi.org/project/certifi/
 
+import contextlib
 import os
 import os.path
 import ssl
@@ -39,10 +40,8 @@ def main():
     relpath_to_certifi_cafile = os.path.relpath(certifi.where())
 
     print(" -- removing any existing file or link")
-    try:
+    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
         os.remove(openssl_cafile)
-    except FileNotFoundError:
-        pass
     print(" -- creating symlink to certifi certificate bundle")
     os.symlink(relpath_to_certifi_cafile, openssl_cafile)
 

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,43 +1,49 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2022-03-31-9afae1d
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2022-10-09-d8a0859
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
 
 [i686]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2022-03-31-9afae1d
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2022-10-09-d8a0859
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2022-10-09-941e8b2
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
 
 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-10-09-941e8b2
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2022-10-09-941e8b2
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2022-10-09-941e8b2
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2022-10-09-941e8b2
 

cibuildwheel/resources/virtualenv.toml

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-version = "20.13.3"
-url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.13.3/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"
+version = "20.16.5"
+url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.16.5/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"

cibuildwheel/typing.py

@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NoReturn, Set, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Union
 
 if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
     from typing_extensions import Final, Literal, OrderedDict, Protocol, TypedDict
 else:
     from typing import Final, Literal, OrderedDict, Protocol, TypedDict
 
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, assert_never
+else:
+    from typing import NotRequired, assert_never
 
 __all__ = (
     "Final",
@@ -19,11 +25,10 @@ __all__ = (
     "PLATFORMS",
     "PopenBytes",
     "Protocol",
-    "Set",
     "TypedDict",
     "OrderedDict",
-    "Union",
     "assert_never",
+    "NotRequired",
 )
 
 
@@ -36,8 +41,4 @@ else:
 
 
 PlatformName = Literal["linux", "macos", "windows"]
-PLATFORMS: Final[Set[PlatformName]] = {"linux", "macos", "windows"}
-
-
-def assert_never(value: NoReturn) -> NoReturn:
-    assert False, f"Unhandled value: {value} ({type(value).__name__})"  # noqa: B011
+PLATFORMS: Final[set[PlatformName]] = {"linux", "macos", "windows"}

cibuildwheel/util.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import contextlib
-import dataclasses
 import fnmatch
 import itertools
 import os
@@ -11,31 +12,35 @@ import sys
 import textwrap
 import time
 import urllib.request
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
 from functools import lru_cache
-from pathlib import Path
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 from time import sleep
 from typing import (
     Any,
     ClassVar,
-    Dict,
+    Generator,
     Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
-    NamedTuple,
-    Optional,
     Sequence,
     TextIO,
+    TypeVar,
     cast,
     overload,
 )
 
 import bracex
 import certifi
-import tomli
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    import tomllib
+else:
+    import tomli as tomllib
+
 from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from packaging.utils import parse_wheel_filename
 from packaging.version import Version
 from platformdirs import user_cache_path
 
@@ -46,6 +51,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "MANYLINUX_ARCHS",
     "call",
     "shell",
+    "find_compatible_wheel",
     "format_safe",
     "prepare_command",
     "get_build_verbosity_extra_flags",
@@ -53,15 +59,17 @@ __all__ = [
     "selector_matches",
     "strtobool",
     "cached_property",
+    "chdir",
+    "split_config_settings",
 ]
 
-resources_dir: Final = Path(__file__).parent / "resources"
+resources_dir: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent / "resources"
 
-install_certifi_script: Final = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
+install_certifi_script: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
 
 BuildFrontend = Literal["pip", "build"]
 
-MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final = (
+MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
     "x86_64",
     "i686",
     "pypy_x86_64",
@@ -72,7 +80,7 @@ MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final = (
     "pypy_i686",
 )
 
-MUSLLINUX_ARCHS: Final = (
+MUSLLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
     "x86_64",
     "i686",
     "aarch64",
@@ -80,17 +88,19 @@ MUSLLINUX_ARCHS: Final = (
     "s390x",
 )
 
-DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
-CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final = Path(os.environ.get("CIBW_CACHE_PATH", DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH)).resolve()
+DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
+CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
+    os.environ.get("CIBW_CACHE_PATH", DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH)
+).resolve()
 
-IS_WIN: Final = sys.platform.startswith("win")
+IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
 
 
 @overload
 def call(
     *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-    cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+    env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
     capture_stdout: Literal[False] = ...,
 ) -> None:
     ...
@@ -99,8 +109,8 @@ def call(
 @overload
 def call(
     *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-    cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+    env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
     capture_stdout: Literal[True],
 ) -> str:
     ...
@@ -108,10 +118,10 @@ def call(
 
 def call(
     *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-    cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+    env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
     capture_stdout: bool = False,
-) -> Optional[str]:
+) -> str | None:
     """
     Run subprocess.run, but print the commands first. Takes the commands as
     *args. Uses shell=True on Windows due to a bug. Also converts to
@@ -121,7 +131,7 @@ def call(
     args_ = [str(arg) for arg in args]
     # print the command executing for the logs
     print("+ " + " ".join(shlex.quote(a) for a in args_))
-    kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
     if capture_stdout:
         kwargs["universal_newlines"] = True
         kwargs["stdout"] = subprocess.PIPE
@@ -131,15 +141,13 @@ def call(
     return cast(str, result.stdout)
 
 
-def shell(
-    *commands: str, env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None
-) -> None:
+def shell(*commands: str, env: dict[str, str] | None = None, cwd: PathOrStr | None = None) -> None:
     command = " ".join(commands)
     print(f"+ {command}")
     subprocess.run(command, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
 
 
-def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
+def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
     """
     Works similarly to `template.format(**kwargs)`, except that unmatched
     fields in `template` are passed through untouched.
@@ -167,11 +175,9 @@ def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
             re.VERBOSE,
         )
 
-        # we use a function for repl to prevent re.sub interpreting backslashes
-        # in repl as escape sequences.
         result = re.sub(
             pattern=find_pattern,
-            repl=lambda _: str(value),  # pylint: disable=cell-var-from-loop
+            repl=str(value).replace("\\", r"\\"),
             string=result,
         )
 
@@ -191,7 +197,7 @@ def prepare_command(command: str, **kwargs: PathOrStr) -> str:
     return format_safe(command, python="python", pip="pip", **kwargs)
 
 
-def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> List[str]:
+def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> list[str]:
     if level > 0:
         return ["-" + level * "v"]
     elif level < 0:
@@ -200,11 +206,16 @@ def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> List[str]:
         return []
 
 
-def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
+def split_config_settings(config_settings: str) -> list[str]:
+    config_settings_list = shlex.split(config_settings)
+    return [f"--config-setting={setting}" for setting in config_settings_list]
+
+
+def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
     input_file = resources_dir / "build-platforms.toml"
     with input_file.open("rb") as f:
-        loaded_file = tomli.load(f)
-    results: List[Dict[str, str]] = list(loaded_file[config]["python_configurations"])
+        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
+    results: list[dict[str, str]] = list(loaded_file[config]["python_configurations"])
     return results
 
 
@@ -223,22 +234,21 @@ def selector_matches(patterns: str, string: str) -> bool:
 
 
 # Once we require Python 3.10+, we can add kw_only=True
-@dataclasses.dataclass
-class IdentifierSelector:
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildSelector:
     """
     This class holds a set of build/skip patterns. You call an instance with a
     build identifier, and it returns True if that identifier should be
     included. Only call this on valid identifiers, ones that have at least 2
-    numeric digits before the first dash. If a pre-release version X.Y is present,
-    you can filter it with prerelease="XY".
+    numeric digits before the first dash.
     """
 
+    build_config: str
+    skip_config: str
+    requires_python: SpecifierSet | None = None
+
     # a pattern that skips prerelease versions, when include_prereleases is False.
     PRERELEASE_SKIP: ClassVar[str] = ""
-
-    skip_config: str
-    build_config: str
-    requires_python: Optional[SpecifierSet] = None
     prerelease_pythons: bool = False
 
     def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -261,16 +271,17 @@ class IdentifierSelector:
         return should_build and not should_skip
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass
-class BuildSelector(IdentifierSelector):
-    pass
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TestSelector:
+    """
+    A build selector that can only skip tests according to a skip pattern.
+    """
 
+    skip_config: str
 
-# Note that requires-python is not needed for TestSelector, as you can't test
-# what you can't build.
-@dataclasses.dataclass
-class TestSelector(IdentifierSelector):
-    build_config: str = "*"
+    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
+        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
+        return not should_skip
 
 
 # Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/107717
@@ -307,7 +318,7 @@ def download(url: str, dest: Path) -> None:
                 dest.write_bytes(response.read())
                 return
 
-        except urllib.error.URLError:
+        except OSError:
             if i == repeat_num - 1:
                 raise
             sleep(3)
@@ -319,7 +330,7 @@ class DependencyConstraints:
         self.base_file_path = base_file_path.resolve()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def with_defaults() -> "DependencyConstraints":
+    def with_defaults() -> DependencyConstraints:
         return DependencyConstraints(base_file_path=resources_dir / "constraints.txt")
 
     def get_for_python_version(self, version: str) -> Path:
@@ -363,6 +374,20 @@ class NonPlatformWheelError(Exception):
         super().__init__(message)
 
 
+class AlreadyBuiltWheelError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, wheel_name: str) -> None:
+        message = textwrap.dedent(
+            f"""
+            cibuildwheel: Build failed because a wheel named {wheel_name} was already generated in the current run.
+
+            If you expected another wheel to be generated, check your project configuration, or run
+            cibuildwheel with CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY=1 to view build logs.
+            """
+        )
+
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
 def strtobool(val: str) -> bool:
     return val.lower() in {"y", "yes", "t", "true", "on", "1"}
 
@@ -374,10 +399,11 @@ class CIProvider(Enum):
     azure_pipelines = "azure_pipelines"
     github_actions = "github_actions"
     gitlab = "gitlab"
+    cirrus_ci = "cirrus_ci"
     other = "other"
 
 
-def detect_ci_provider() -> Optional[CIProvider]:
+def detect_ci_provider() -> CIProvider | None:
     if "TRAVIS" in os.environ:
         return CIProvider.travis_ci
     elif "APPVEYOR" in os.environ:
@@ -390,6 +416,8 @@ def detect_ci_provider() -> Optional[CIProvider]:
         return CIProvider.github_actions
     elif "GITLAB_CI" in os.environ:
         return CIProvider.gitlab
+    elif "CIRRUS_CI" in os.environ:
+        return CIProvider.cirrus_ci
     elif strtobool(os.environ.get("CI", "false")):
         return CIProvider.other
     else:
@@ -408,8 +436,14 @@ def unwrap(text: str) -> str:
     return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text)
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class FileReport:
+    name: str
+    size: str
+
+
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Iterator[None]:
+def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
     """
     Prints the new items in a directory upon exiting. The message to display
     can include {n} for number of wheels, {s} for total number of seconds,
@@ -422,14 +456,14 @@ def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Iterator[None]:
     yield
     final_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
 
-    class FileReport(NamedTuple):
-        name: str
-        size: str
-
     new_contents = [
         FileReport(wheel.name, f"{(wheel.stat().st_size + 1023) // 1024:,d}")
         for wheel in final_contents - existing_contents
     ]
+
+    if not new_contents:
+        return
+
     max_name_len = max(len(f.name) for f in new_contents)
     max_size_len = max(len(f.size) for f in new_contents)
     n = len(new_contents)
@@ -444,7 +478,7 @@ def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Iterator[None]:
     )
 
 
-def get_pip_version(env: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+def get_pip_version(env: dict[str, str]) -> str:
     versions_output_text = call(
         "python", "-m", "pip", "freeze", "--all", capture_stdout=True, env=env
     )
@@ -460,7 +494,7 @@ def get_pip_version(env: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
 def _ensure_virtualenv() -> Path:
     input_file = resources_dir / "virtualenv.toml"
     with input_file.open("rb") as f:
-        loaded_file = tomli.load(f)
+        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
     version = str(loaded_file["version"])
     url = str(loaded_file["url"])
     path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"virtualenv-{version}.pyz"
@@ -472,7 +506,7 @@ def _ensure_virtualenv() -> Path:
 
 def _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(
     dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     """
     Parses the constraints file referenced by `dependency_constraint_flags` and returns a dict where
     the key is the package name, and the value is the constraint version.
@@ -492,7 +526,7 @@ def _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(
         with constraint_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as constraint_file:
             for line in constraint_file:
                 line = line.strip()
-                if len(line) == 0:
+                if not line:
                     continue
                 if line.startswith("#"):
                     continue
@@ -518,7 +552,7 @@ def _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(
 
 def virtualenv(
     python: Path, venv_path: Path, dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr]
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     assert python.exists()
     virtualenv_app = _ensure_virtualenv()
     constraints = _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(dependency_constraint_flags)
@@ -557,7 +591,67 @@ def virtualenv(
     return env
 
 
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=PurePath)
+
+
+def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
+    """
+    Finds a wheel with an abi3 or a none ABI tag in `wheels` compatible with the Python interpreter
+    specified by `identifier` that is previously built.
+    """
+
+    interpreter, platform = identifier.split("-")
+    for wheel in wheels:
+        _, _, _, tags = parse_wheel_filename(wheel.name)
+        for tag in tags:
+            if tag.abi == "abi3":
+                # ABI3 wheels must start with cp3 for impl and tag
+                if not (interpreter.startswith("cp3") and tag.interpreter.startswith("cp3")):
+                    continue
+            elif tag.abi == "none":
+                # CPythonless wheels must include py3 tag
+                if tag.interpreter[:3] != "py3":
+                    continue
+            else:
+                # Other types of wheels are not detected, this is looking for previously built wheels.
+                continue
+
+            if tag.interpreter != "py3" and int(tag.interpreter[3:]) > int(interpreter[3:]):
+                # If a minor version number is given, it has to be lower than the current one.
+                continue
+
+            if platform.startswith(("manylinux", "musllinux", "macosx")):
+                # Linux, macOS require the beginning and ending match (macos/manylinux version doesn't need to)
+                os_, arch = platform.split("_", 1)
+                if not tag.platform.startswith(os_):
+                    continue
+                if not tag.platform.endswith(f"_{arch}"):
+                    continue
+            else:
+                # Windows should exactly match
+                if not tag.platform == platform:
+                    continue
+
+            # If all the filters above pass, then the wheel is a previously built compatible wheel.
+            return wheel
+
+    return None
+
+
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
     from functools import cached_property
 else:
     from .functools_cached_property_38 import cached_property
+
+
+# Can be replaced by contextlib.chdir in Python 3.11
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def chdir(new_path: Path | str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """Non thread-safe context manager to change the current working directory."""
+
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    try:
+        os.chdir(new_path)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(cwd)

cibuildwheel/windows.py

@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
+import platform as platform_module
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import textwrap
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence, Set
+from typing import Sequence
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
 from filelock import FileLock
@@ -17,25 +22,35 @@ from .options import Options
 from .typing import PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
     BuildFrontend,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
     call,
     download,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
     get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
     get_pip_version,
     prepare_command,
     read_python_configs,
     shell,
+    split_config_settings,
+    unwrap,
     virtualenv,
 )
 
 
-def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str, output_directory: Path) -> List[str]:
-    platform_suffix = {"32": "x86", "64": "", "ARM64": "arm64"}
-    python_name = "python" + platform_suffix[arch]
+def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str, output_directory: Path) -> list[str]:
+    package_name = {
+        "32": "pythonx86",
+        "64": "python",
+        "ARM64": "pythonarm64",
+        # Aliases for platform.machine() return values
+        "x86": "pythonx86",
+        "AMD64": "python",
+    }[arch]
     return [
-        python_name,
+        package_name,
         "-Version",
         version,
         "-FallbackSource",
@@ -45,17 +60,18 @@ def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str, output_directory: Path) -> List[str]
     ]
 
 
-class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
     arch: str
     identifier: str
-    url: Optional[str] = None
+    url: str | None = None
 
 
 def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector,
-    architectures: Set[Architecture],
-) -> List[PythonConfiguration]:
+    architectures: set[Architecture],
+) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
 
     full_python_configs = read_python_configs("windows")
 
@@ -114,23 +130,113 @@ def install_pypy(tmp: Path, arch: str, url: str) -> Path:
     return installation_path / "python.exe"
 
 
+def setup_setuptools_cross_compile(
+    tmp: Path,
+    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
+    python_libs_base: Path,
+    env: dict[str, str],
+) -> None:
+    distutils_cfg = tmp / "extra-setup.cfg"
+    env["DIST_EXTRA_CONFIG"] = str(distutils_cfg)
+    log.notice(f"Setting DIST_EXTRA_CONFIG={distutils_cfg} for cross-compilation")
+
+    # Ensure our additional import libraries are made available, and explicitly
+    # set the platform name
+    map_plat = {"32": "win32", "64": "win-amd64", "ARM64": "win-arm64"}
+    plat_name = map_plat[python_configuration.arch]
+    # (This file must be default/locale encoding, so we can't pass 'encoding')
+    distutils_cfg.write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent(
+            f"""\
+            [build]
+            plat_name={plat_name}
+            [build_ext]
+            library_dirs={python_libs_base}
+            plat_name={plat_name}
+            [bdist_wheel]
+            plat_name={plat_name}
+            """
+        )
+    )
+
+    # setuptools builds require explicit override of PYD extension
+    # This is because it always gets the extension from the running
+    # interpreter, and has no logic to construct it. Currently, CPython's
+    # extensions follow our identifiers, but if they ever diverge in the
+    # future, we will need to store new data
+    log.notice(
+        f"Setting SETUPTOOLS_EXT_SUFFIX=.{python_configuration.identifier}.pyd for cross-compilation"
+    )
+    env["SETUPTOOLS_EXT_SUFFIX"] = f".{python_configuration.identifier}.pyd"
+
+    # Cross-compilation requires fixes that only exist in setuptools's copy of
+    # distutils, so ensure that it is activated
+    # Since not all projects can handle the newer distutils, display a warning
+    # to help them figure out what may have gone wrong if this breaks for them
+    log.notice("Setting SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=local as it is required for cross-compilation")
+    env["SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS"] = "local"
+
+
+def setup_rust_cross_compile(
+    tmp: Path,
+    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
+    python_libs_base: Path,
+    env: dict[str, str],
+) -> None:
+    # Assume that MSVC will be used, because we already know that we are
+    # cross-compiling. MinGW users can set CARGO_BUILD_TARGET themselves
+    # and we will respect the existing value.
+    cargo_target = {
+        "64": "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
+        "32": "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
+        "ARM64": "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc",
+    }.get(python_configuration.arch)
+
+    # CARGO_BUILD_TARGET is the variable used by Cargo and setuptools_rust
+    if env.get("CARGO_BUILD_TARGET"):
+        if env["CARGO_BUILD_TARGET"] != cargo_target:
+            log.notice("Not overriding CARGO_BUILD_TARGET as it has already been set")
+        # No message if it was set to what we were planning to set it to
+    elif cargo_target:
+        log.notice(f"Setting CARGO_BUILD_TARGET={cargo_target} for cross-compilation")
+        env["CARGO_BUILD_TARGET"] = cargo_target
+    else:
+        log.warning(
+            f"Unable to configure Rust cross-compilation for architecture {python_configuration.arch}"
+        )
+
+
 def setup_python(
     tmp: Path,
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
     dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
     build_frontend: BuildFrontend,
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     tmp.mkdir()
     implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
+    python_libs_base = None
     log.step(f"Installing Python {implementation_id}...")
     if implementation_id.startswith("cp"):
-        base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch)
+        native_arch = platform_module.machine()
+        if python_configuration.arch == "ARM64" != native_arch:
+            # To cross-compile for ARM64, we need a native CPython to run the
+            # build, and a copy of the ARM64 import libraries ('.\libs\*.lib')
+            # for any extension modules.
+            python_libs_base = install_cpython(
+                python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch
+            )
+            python_libs_base = python_libs_base.parent / "libs"
+            log.step(f"Installing native Python {native_arch} for cross-compilation...")
+            base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration.version, native_arch)
+        else:
+            base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch)
     elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
         assert python_configuration.url is not None
         base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.arch, python_configuration.url)
     else:
-        raise ValueError("Unknown Python implementation")
+        msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
     assert base_python.exists()
 
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
@@ -226,6 +332,11 @@ def setup_python(
     else:
         assert_never(build_frontend)
 
+    if python_libs_base:
+        # Set up the environment for various backends to enable cross-compilation
+        setup_setuptools_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
+        setup_rust_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
+
     return env
 
 
@@ -234,6 +345,9 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
     )
 
+    if not python_configurations:
+        return
+
     try:
         before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
         before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
@@ -246,6 +360,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             )
             shell(before_all_prepared, env=env)
 
+        built_wheels: list[Path] = []
+
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
@@ -271,85 +387,118 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 build_options.build_frontend,
             )
 
-            # run the before_build command
-            if build_options.before_build:
-                log.step("Running before_build...")
-                before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.before_build, project=".", package=options.globals.package_dir
+            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
+            if compatible_wheel:
+                log.step_end()
+                print(
+                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
                 )
-                shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
-
-            log.step("Building wheel...")
-            built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
-
-            verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
-
-            if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
-                # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
-                # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
-                call(
-                    "python",
-                    "-m",
-                    "pip",
-                    "wheel",
-                    options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
-                    f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                    "--no-deps",
-                    *get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity),
-                    env=env,
-                )
-            elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
-                config_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if build_options.dependency_constraints:
-                    constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                        config.version
+                repaired_wheel = compatible_wheel
+            else:
+                # run the before_build command
+                if build_options.before_build:
+                    log.step("Running before_build...")
+                    before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
+                        build_options.before_build,
+                        project=".",
+                        package=options.globals.package_dir,
                     )
-                    # Bug in pip <= 21.1.3 - we can't have a space in the
-                    # constraints file, and pip doesn't support drive letters
-                    # in uhi.  After probably pip 21.2, we can use uri. For
-                    # now, use a temporary file.
-                    if " " in str(constraints_path):
-                        assert " " not in str(identifier_tmp_dir)
-                        tmp_file = identifier_tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
-                        tmp_file.write_bytes(constraints_path.read_bytes())
-                        constraints_path = tmp_file
+                    shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
 
-                    build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = str(constraints_path)
-                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = get_pip_version(env)
+                log.step("Building wheel...")
+                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
+
+                verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
+                extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings)
+
+                if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
+                    extra_flags += verbosity_flags
+                    # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
+                    # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
                     call(
                         "python",
                         "-m",
-                        "build",
-                        build_options.package_dir,
-                        "--wheel",
-                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
-                        env=build_env,
+                        "pip",
+                        "wheel",
+                        options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
+                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                        "--no-deps",
+                        *extra_flags,
+                        env=env,
                     )
-            else:
-                assert_never(build_options.build_frontend)
+                elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
+                    verbosity_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
+                    extra_flags += (f"--config-setting={verbosity_setting}",)
+                    build_env = env.copy()
+                    if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+                        constraints_path = (
+                            build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                                config.version
+                            )
+                        )
+                        # Bug in pip <= 21.1.3 - we can't have a space in the
+                        # constraints file, and pip doesn't support drive letters
+                        # in uhi.  After probably pip 21.2, we can use uri. For
+                        # now, use a temporary file.
+                        if " " in str(constraints_path):
+                            assert " " not in str(identifier_tmp_dir)
+                            tmp_file = identifier_tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
+                            tmp_file.write_bytes(constraints_path.read_bytes())
+                            constraints_path = tmp_file
 
-            built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                        build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = str(constraints_path)
+                        build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = get_pip_version(env)
+                        call(
+                            "python",
+                            "-m",
+                            "build",
+                            build_options.package_dir,
+                            "--wheel",
+                            f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            *extra_flags,
+                            env=build_env,
+                        )
+                else:
+                    assert_never(build_options.build_frontend)
 
-            # repair the wheel
-            repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
+                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
-            if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                raise NonPlatformWheelError()
+                # repair the wheel
+                repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
-            if build_options.repair_command:
-                log.step("Repairing wheel...")
-                repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
-                )
-                shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
-            else:
-                shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
+                if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
+                    raise NonPlatformWheelError()
 
-            repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                if build_options.repair_command:
+                    log.step("Repairing wheel...")
+                    repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
+                        build_options.repair_command,
+                        wheel=built_wheel,
+                        dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
+                    )
+                    shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
+                else:
+                    shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
+
+                repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+
+                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
+                    raise AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
 
             if build_options.test_command and options.globals.test_selector(config.identifier):
+                if config.arch == "ARM64" != platform_module.machine():
+                    log.warning(
+                        unwrap(
+                            """
+                            While arm64 wheels can be built on other platforms, they cannot
+                            be tested. An arm64 runner is required. To silence this warning,
+                            set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: *-win_arm64`.
+                            """
+                        )
+                    )
+                    # skip this test
+                    continue
+
                 log.step("Testing wheel...")
                 # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
                 # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
@@ -402,7 +551,9 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 shell(test_command_prepared, cwd="c:\\", env=virtualenv_env)
 
             # we're all done here; move it to output (remove if already exists)
-            shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
+            if compatible_wheel is None:
+                shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
+                built_wheels.append(build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name)
 
             # clean up
             # (we ignore errors because occasionally Windows fails to unlink a file and we

docs/changelog.md

@@ -2,6 +2,111 @@
 title: Changelog
 ---
 
+# Changelog
+
+### v2.11.0
+
+_13 October 2022_
+
+- 🌟 Adds support for cross-compiling Windows ARM64 wheels. To use this feature, add `ARM64` to the [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs) option on a Windows Intel runner. (#1144)
+- ✨ Adds support for building Linux aarch64 wheels on Circle CI. (#1307)
+- ✨ Adds support for building Windows wheels on Gitlab CI. (#1295)
+- ✨ Adds support for building Linux aarch64 wheels under emulation on Gitlab CI. (#1295)
+- ✨ Adds the ability to test `cp38-macosx_arm64` wheels on a native arm64 runner. To do this, you'll need to preinstall the (experimental) [universal2 version of CPython 3.8](https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg) on your arm64 runner before invoking cibuildwheel. Note: it is not recommended to build x86_64 wheels with this setup, your wheels will have limited compatibility wrt macOS versions. (#1283)
+- 🛠 Improved error messages when using custom Docker images and Python cannot be found at the correct path. (#1298)
+- 📚 Sample configs for Azure Pipelines and Travis CI updated (#1296)
+- 📚 Other docs improvements - including more information about using Homebrew for build dependencies (#1290)
+
+### v2.10.2
+
+_25 September 2022_
+
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that caused `win32` identifiers to fail when used with `--only`. (#1282)
+- 🐛 Fix computation of `auto`/`auto64`/`auto32` archs when targeting a different platform to the one that you're running cibuildwheel on. (#1266)
+- 📚 Fix an mistake in the 'how it works' diagram. (#1274)
+
+### v2.10.1
+
+_18 September 2022_
+
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that stopped environment variables specified in TOML from being expanded. (#1273)
+
+### v2.10.0
+
+_13 September 2022_
+
+- 🌟 Adds support for [building wheels on Cirrus CI](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#cirrus-ci). This is exciting for us, as it's the first public CI platform that natively supports macOS Apple Silicon (aka. M1, `arm64`) runners. As such, it's the first platform that you can natively build _and test_ macOS `arm64` wheels. It also has native Linux ARM (aarch64) runners, for fast, native builds there. (#1191)
+- 🌟 Adds support for running cibuildwheel on Apple Silicon machines. For a while, we've supported cross-compilation of Apple Silicon wheels on `x86_64`, but now that we have Cirrus CI we can run our test suite and officially support running cibuildwheel on `arm64`. (#1191)
+- ✨ Adds the `--only` [command line option](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line), to specify a single build to run. Previously, it could be cumbersome to set all the build selection options to target a specific build - for example, you might have to run something like `CIBW_BUILD=cp39-manylinux_x86_64 cibuildwheel --platform linux --archs x86_64`. The new `--only` option overrides all the build selection options to simplify running a single build, which now looks like `cibuildwheel --only cp39-manylinux_x86_64`. (#1098)
+- ✨ Adds the [`CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) option, so you can pass arguments to your package's build backend (#1244)
+- 🛠 Updates the CPython 3.11 version to the latest release candidate - v3.11.0rc2. (#1265)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that can cause a RecursionError on Windows when building from an sdist. (#1253)
+- 🛠 Add support for the s390x architecture on manylinux_2_28 (#1255)
+
+### v2.9.0
+
+_11 August 2022_
+
+- 🌟 CPython 3.11 wheels are now built by default - without the CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS flag. It's time to build and upload these wheels to PyPI! This release includes CPython 3.11.0rc1, which is guaranteed to be ABI compatible with the final release. (#1226)
+- ⚠️ Removed support for running cibuildwheel in Python 3.6. Python 3.6 is EOL. However, cibuildwheel continues to build CPython 3.6 wheels for the moment. (#1175)
+- ✨ Improved error messages when misspelling TOML options, suggesting close matches (#1205)
+- 🛠 When running on Apple Silicon (so far, an unsupported mode of operation), cibuildwheel no longer builds universal2 wheels by default - just arm64. See [#1204](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/1204) for discussion. We hope to release official support for native builds on Apple Silicon soon! (#1217)
+
+### v2.8.1
+
+_18 July 2022_
+
+- 🐛 Fix a bug when building CPython 3.8 wheels on an Apple Silicon machine where testing would always fail. cibuildwheel will no longer attempt to test the arm64 part of CPython 3.8 wheels because we use the x86_64 installer of CPython 3.8 due to its macOS system version backward-compatibility. See [#1169](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/1169) for more details. (#1171)
+- 🛠 Update the prerelease CPython 3.11 to 3.11.0b4. (#1180)
+- 🛠 The GitHub Action will ensure a compatible version of Python is installed on the runner (#1114)
+- 📚 A few docs improvements
+
+### v2.8.0
+
+_5 July 2022_
+
+- ✨ You can now run cibuildwheel on Podman, as an alternate container engine to Docker (which remains the default). This is useful in environments where a Docker daemon isn't available, for example, it can be run inside a Docker container, or without root access. To use Podman, set the [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) option. (#966)
+- ✨ Adds support for building `py3-none-{platform}` wheels. This works the same as ABI3 - wheels won't be rebuilt, but tests will still be run across all selected versions of Python.
+
+    These wheels contain native extension code, but don't use the Python APIs. Typically, they're bridged to Python using a FFI module like [ctypes](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html) or [cffi](https://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/). Because they don't use Python ABI, the wheels are more compatible - they work across many Python versions.
+
+    Check out this [example ctypes project](https://github.com/joerick/python-ctypes-package-sample) to see an example of how it works. (#1151)
+
+- 🛠 cibuildwheel will now error if multiple builds in a single run produce the same wheel filename, as this indicates a misconfiguration. (#1152)
+- 📚 A few docs improvements and updates to keep things up-to-date.
+
+### v2.7.0
+
+_17 June 2022_
+
+- 🌟 Added support for the new `manylinux_2_28` images. These new images are based on AlmaLinux, the community-driven successor to CentOS, unlike manylinux_2_24, which was based on Debian. To build on these images, set your [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) option to `manylinux_2_28`. (#1026)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug where tests were not being run on CPython 3.11 (when CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS was set) (#1138)
+- ✨ You can now build Linux wheels on Windows, as long as you have Docker installed and set to 'Linux containers' (#1117)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug on macOS that caused cibuildwheel to crash trying to overwrite a previously-built wheel of the same name. (#1129)
+
+### v2.6.1
+
+_7 June 2022_
+
+- 🛠 Update the prerelease CPython 3.11 to 3.11.0b3
+
+### v2.6.0
+
+_25 May 2022_
+
+- 🌟 Added the ability to test building wheels on CPython 3.11! Because CPython 3.11 is in beta, these wheels should not be distributed, because they might not be compatible with the final release, but it's available to build for testing purposes. Use the flag [`--prerelease-pythons` or `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) to test. This version of cibuildwheel includes CPython 3.11.0b1. (#1109)
+- 📚 Added an interactive diagram showing how cibuildwheel works to the [docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#how-it-works) (#1100)
+
+### v2.5.0
+
+_29 April 2022_
+
+- ✨ Added support for building ABI3 wheels. cibuildwheel will now recognise when an ABI3 wheel was produced, and skip subsequent build steps where the previously built wheel is compatible. Tests still will run on all selected versions of Python, using the ABI3 wheel. Check [this entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#abi3) in the docs for more info. (#1091)
+- ✨ You can now build wheels directly from sdist archives, in addition to source directories. Just call cibuildwheel with an sdist argument on the command line, like `cibuildwheel mypackage-1.0.0.tar.gz`. For more details, check the [`--help` output](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line) (#1096)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug where cibuildwheel would crash when no builds are selected and `--allow-empty` is passed (#1086)
+- 🐛 Workaround a permissions issue on Linux relating to newer versions of git and setuptools_scm (#1095)
+- 📚 Minor docs improvements
+
 ### v2.4.0
 
 _2 April 2022_
@@ -651,6 +756,18 @@ _31 March 2017_
 
 - 🌟 First public release!
 
+<style>
+
+/* improve list formatting to help separate items */
+
+.rst-content li {
+  margin-bottom: 12px;
+}
+.rst-content .section ol li>p:only-child, .rst-content .section ol li>p:only-child:last-child, .rst-content .section ul li>p:only-child, .rst-content .section ul li>p:only-child:last-child, .rst-content .toctree-wrapper ol li>p:only-child, .rst-content .toctree-wrapper ol li>p:only-child:last-child, .rst-content .toctree-wrapper ul li>p:only-child, .rst-content .toctree-wrapper ul li>p:only-child:last-child, .rst-content section ol li>p:only-child, .rst-content section ol li>p:only-child:last-child, .rst-content section ul li>p:only-child, .rst-content section ul li>p:only-child:last-child {
+  margin-bottom: 12px
+}
+</style>
+
 <script>
   // undo the scrollTop that the theme did on this page, as there are loads
   // of toc entries and it's disorientating.

docs/contributing.md

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 title: Contributing
 ---
 
+# Contributing
+
 Wheel-building can be pretty complex. We expect users to find edge-cases - please help the rest of the community out by documenting these, adding features to support them, and reporting bugs.
 
 If you have an idea for a modification or feature, it's probably best to raise an issue first and discuss it with the maintainer team. Once we have rough consensus on a design, begin work in a PR.
@@ -94,7 +96,6 @@ This has been moved to using docker, so you only need the following instructions
 The dependency update script in the next section requires multiple python versions installed. One way to do this is to use `pyenv`:
 
 ```bash
-pyenv install 3.6.11
 pyenv install 3.7.8
 # Optionally add 3.8 and make it the local version;
 # otherwise assuming 3.8+ already is your current python version
@@ -103,7 +104,6 @@ pyenv install 3.7.8
 Then, you need to make the required virtual environments:
 
 ```bash
-$(pyenv prefix 3.6.11)/bin/python -m venv env36
 $(pyenv prefix 3.7.8)/bin/python -m venv env37
 ```
 

docs/cpp_standards.md

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 title: Modern C++ standards
 ---
 
+# Modern C++ standards
+
 Building Python wheels with modern C++ standards (C++11 and later) requires a few tricks.
 
 
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ The old `manylinux1` image (based on CentOS 5) contains a version of GCC and lib
 
 OS X/macOS allows you to specify a so-called "deployment target" version that will ensure backwards compatibility with older versions of macOS. One way to do this is by setting the `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` environment variable.
 
-However, to enable modern C++ standards, the deploment target needs to be set high enough (since older OS X/macOS versions did not have the necessary modern C++ standard library).
+However, to enable modern C++ standards, the deployment target needs to be set high enough (since older OS X/macOS versions did not have the necessary modern C++ standard library).
 
 To get C++11 and C++14 support, `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` needs to be set to (at least) `"10.9"`. By default, `cibuildwheel` already does this, building 64-bit-only wheels for macOS 10.9 and later.
 

docs/data/projects.yml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # stars: GitHub repo (optional, if different from package, such as for Twisted)
 # pypi: The pypi name, if different from the GitHub package name
 # os: Operating system list, [windows, apple, linux] (optional)
-# ci: [appveyor, github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci] (optional)
+# ci: [appveyor, github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci, cirrusci] (optional)
 # notes: (text, optional)
 
 - name: abess
@@ -172,11 +172,13 @@
 
 - name: pyzmq
   gh: zeromq/pyzmq
-  ci: [github]
+  ci: [github, circleci]
   os: [windows, apple, linux]
   ci_config: .github/workflows/wheels.yml
   notes: |
-    Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython and CFFI.
+    Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library.
+    Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy.
+    ARM wheels for linux are built natively on CircleCI.
 
 - name: python-rapidjson
   gh: python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
@@ -204,6 +206,12 @@
   ci: [github]
   os: [windows, apple, linux]
 
+- name: pybind11 cross build example
+  gh: wbarnha/pybind_cmake_example_crossbuild
+  ci: [github, gitlab]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  notes: Same as pybind11 cmake_example but used to demo Linux ARM + Windows + macOS builds on GitLab
+
 - name: iminuit
   gh: scikit-hep/iminuit
   ci: [github]
@@ -287,7 +295,7 @@
   pypi: mypy
   ci: [github]
   os: [apple, linux, windows]
-  notes: MyPyC, the compiled component of MyPy.
+  notes: The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC.
 
 - name: Imagecodecs (fork)
   gh: czaki/imagecodecs_build
@@ -521,10 +529,95 @@
   gh: arbor-sim/arbor
   ci: [github]
   os: [apple, linux]
-  pypi: arbor
   notes: >
     Arbor is a multi-compartment neuron simulation library; compatible with
     next-generation accelerators; best-practices applied to research software;
     focused on community-driven development. Includes a
     [small script](https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor/blob/master/scripts/patchwheel.py)
     patching `rpath` in bundled libraries.
+
+- name: Kivy
+  gh: kivy/kivy
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+
+- name: NCNN
+  gh: Tencent/ncnn
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+
+- name: Prophet
+  gh: facebook/prophet
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+
+- name: MemRay
+  gh: bloomberg/memray
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [linux]
+
+- name: PyGame
+  gh: pygame/pygame
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux]
+
+- name: UltraJSON
+  gh: ultrajson/ultrajson
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+
+- name: NumPy
+  gh: numpy/numpy
+  ci: [github, travisci]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+
+- name: Wrapt
+  gh: GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+
+- name: SimpleJSON
+  gh: simplejson/simplejson
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+
+- name: Implicit
+  gh: benfred/implicit
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  notes: Includes GPU support for linux wheels
+
+- name: power-grid-model
+  gh: alliander-opensource/power-grid-model
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  notes: Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis
+
+- name: Python-WebRTC
+  gh: MarshalX/python-webrtc
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+
+- name: cf-units
+  gh: SciTools/cf-units
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux]
+
+- name: envd
+  gh: tensorchord/envd
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+  note: A machine learning development environment build tool
+
+- name: mosec
+  gh: mosecorg/mosec
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [linux, apple]
+  note: A machine learning model serving framework powered by Rust
+
+- name: ril
+  gh: Cryptex-github/ril-py
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  pypi: pyril
+  notes: A python binding to Rust Imaging library using maturin and Pyo3, utilizes Github Action cache to improve speed. Builds abi3 wheels.

docs/data/readme_icons/cirrusci.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>Cirrus CI icon</title><path d="M19.422.453a1.113 1.113 0 0 0-1.113 1.115 1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.112 1.114c1.31 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.04 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 8.52a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.117h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 15.48a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.112h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 22.432a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.115h18.31a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 .206-.022c2.42-.112 4.37-2.12 4.37-4.57 0-1.393-.642-2.634-1.63-3.478C23.356 14.632 24 13.393 24 12c0-1.393-.643-2.632-1.63-3.477C23.357 7.68 24 6.438 24 5.045c0-2.52-2.06-4.592-4.578-4.592z"/></svg>

docs/deliver-to-pypi.md

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 title: Delivering to PyPI
 ---
 
+# Delivering to PyPI
+
 After you've built your wheels, you'll probably want to deliver them to PyPI.
 
 ## Manual method
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ pipx run build --sdist
 # provider can be configured to store them for you. Put them all into the
 # 'dist' folder.
 
-# Upload using 'twine' (you may need to 'pip install twine')
+# Upload using 'twine'
 pipx run twine upload dist/*
 ```
 
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ well as several useful actions. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuild
     name: Make SDist
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0  # Optional, use if you use setuptools_scm
         submodules: true  # Optional, use if you have submodules
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ well as several useful actions. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuild
     - name: Build SDist
       run: pipx run build --sdist
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
       with:
         path: dist/*.tar.gz
 ```
@@ -69,18 +71,18 @@ This requires a [PyPI upload token](https://pypi.org/manage/account/token/), sto
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
       with:
         name: artifact
         path: dist
 
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.4.2
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.0
       with:
         user: __token__
         password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}
 ```
 
-You should use dependabot to keep the publish action up to date. In the above
+You should use Dependabot to keep the publish action up to date. In the above
 example, the same name (the default, "artifact" is used for all upload-artifact
 runs, so we can just download all of the in one step into a common directory.
 

docs/diagram.md

@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+<div id="flow-diagram">
+  <div class="diagram-grid" v-bind:style="gridStyle">
+    <!-- BEHIND THE GRID CONTENT -->
+    <!-- line for each platform -->
+    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 3"></div>
+    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 4"></div>
+    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 5"></div>
+    <!-- the docker container outline -->
+    <div class="grid-outline docker">
+      <div class="outline">
+        Manylinux container
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <!-- the venv outlines -->
+    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 3">
+      <div class="outline">Test virtualenv</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 4"><div class="outline"></div></div>
+    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 5"><div class="outline"></div></div>
+    <!-- THE GRID CONTENT -->
+    <!-- the row labels -->
+    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 3">Linux</div>
+    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 4">macOS</div>
+    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 5">Windows</div>
+    <!-- the column labels -->
+    <div class="grid-column-label"
+         style="grid-row: 1 / span 1; grid-column: 5 / -3">
+      <div class="label">For each version of Python</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="grid-column-label"
+         style="grid-row: 2 / span 1;
+                grid-column: 9 / -3;
+                margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
+      <div class="label">If tests are configured</div>
+    </div>
+    <!-- the steps -->
+    <div class="step" v-for="(step, sIndex) in diagram.steps">
+      <component v-for="action in step"
+                 class="action"
+                 v-bind:is="action.href ? 'a' : 'div'"
+                 v-bind:href="action.href">
+        <div class="dots" v-if="action.style == 'dot'">
+          <div class="dot"
+               v-info="action"
+               v-for="(platform, pIndex) in platforms"
+               v-if="action.platforms.includes(platform)"
+               v-bind:style="{gridRowStart: `${pIndex+3}`,
+                              gridColumnStart: `${sIndex+2}`}">
+            <div class="dot-graphic"></div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="block-container" v-if="action.style == 'block'">
+          <div class="block"
+               v-info="action"
+               v-bind:style="{...blockStyle(action),
+                              gridColumnStart: `${sIndex+2}`}">
+            {{action.label}}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </a>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<noscript>
+  <img src="data/how-it-works.png" alt="Diagram showing the steps for each platform">
+  <p><strong>Enable JavaScript for an interactive version of this diagram.</strong></p>
+</noscript>
+
+<script type="module" async>
+  import Vue from 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.6.14/dist/vue.esm.browser.js'
+  import 'https://unpkg.com/@popperjs/core@2/dist/umd/popper.min.js'
+  import 'https://unpkg.com/tippy.js@6/dist/tippy-bundle.umd.js'
+
+  const diagram = {
+    steps: [
+      [
+        {
+          label: 'copy project into container',
+          platforms: ['linux'],
+          style: 'block',
+          width: 2,
+        },
+      ],
+      [], // empty column so that the manylinux outline intersects the previous column in the middle.
+      [
+        {
+          href: 'options/#before-all',
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          style: 'dot',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_ALL',
+            tag: 'Optional step',
+            description: 'Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built.'
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+      [
+        {
+          label: 'Install Python',
+          platforms: ['macos', 'windows'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            description: 'Install the version of Python required to build this wheel.'
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+      [
+        {
+          href: 'options/#before-build',
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          style: 'dot',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD',
+            tag: 'Optional step',
+            description: "Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build.",
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+      [
+        {
+          label: 'Build wheel',
+          href: 'options/#build-frontend',
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND',
+            tag: 'Customisable step',
+            description: 'Build the wheel according to your package configuration, using the frontend of your choice - pip or build.'
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+      [
+        {
+          label: 'Repair using auditwheel',
+          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
+          platforms: ['linux'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Customisable step',
+            description: 'Bundle shared libraries and ensure manylinux compliance by running auditwheel on each built wheel.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          label: 'Repair using delocate',
+          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
+          platforms: ['macos'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Customisable step',
+            description: 'Bundle shared libraries by running delocate on each built wheel.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          env: "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND",
+          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
+          label: 'repair wheel',
+          platforms: ['windows'],
+          style: 'dot',
+          optional: true,
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Optional step',
+            description: 'Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel'
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+      [
+        {
+          href: 'options/#before-test',
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          style: 'dot',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_TEST',
+            tag: 'Optional step',
+            description: 'Execute a shell command before testing each wheel'
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+      [
+        {
+          label: 'Install wheel',
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            description: 'Install the wheel we just built into the test virtualenv.'
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+      [
+        {
+          label: 'Test wheel',
+          href: 'options/#test-command',
+          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Optional step',
+            description: 'Execute a shell command to test each built wheel'
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+      [
+        {
+          label: 'Copy wheels out of container',
+          platforms: ['linux'],
+          style: 'block',
+          width: 2,
+        },
+      ],
+      [],
+    ]
+  }
+
+  const diagramComponent = new Vue({
+    el: '#flow-diagram',
+    data() {
+      return {
+        diagram,
+        platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
+      }
+    },
+    methods: {
+      blockStyle(action) {
+        let start, end
+        if (action.platforms.includes('linux')) {
+          start = 3
+        } else if (action.platforms.includes('macos')) {
+          start = 4
+        } else if (action.platforms.includes('windows')) {
+          start = 5
+        }
+
+        if (action.platforms.includes('windows')) {
+          end = 6
+        } else if (action.platforms.includes('macos')) {
+          end = 5
+        } else if (action.platforms.includes('linux')) {
+          end = 4
+        }
+
+        return {
+          gridRowStart: start.toString(),
+          gridRowEnd: end.toString(),
+          gridColumnEnd: `span ${action.width || 1}`,
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    computed: {
+      gridStyle() {
+        return {
+          gridTemplateRows: `auto auto repeat(${this.platforms.length}, 1fr)`,
+          gridTemplateColumns: `repeat(${this.diagram.steps.length+1}, auto)`,
+        }
+      },
+    },
+    directives: {
+      info: {
+        inserted(el, binding) {
+          const action = binding.value
+          const {env, label, optional=false, description='', href=''} = action
+          const tooltip = action.tooltip
+
+          if (tooltip) {
+            const tippyInstance = tippy(el, {
+              content: `
+                <a class="tooltip-contents" href="${href || ''}">
+                  <div class="tooltip-title">
+                    ${tooltip.title || ''}
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="tooltip-tag">
+                    ${tooltip.tag || ''}
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="tooltip-description">
+                    ${tooltip.description}
+                  </div>
+                </a>
+              `,
+              placement: 'right-start',
+              allowHTML: true,
+              maxWidth: 'none',
+              appendTo: document.getElementById('flow-diagram'),
+              offset: [0, 10],
+              onShow(instance) {
+                const stepEl = el.closest('.action')
+                stepEl.classList.add('tooltip-open')
+                instance.setProps({
+                  interactive: tippy.currentInput.isTouch
+                })
+              },
+              onHide() {
+                const stepEl = el.closest('.action')
+                stepEl.classList.remove('tooltip-open')
+              }
+            })
+
+            el.addEventListener('click', e => {
+              // click event should just open the tooltip on touch devices
+              if (tippy.currentInput.isTouch) {
+                e.preventDefault()
+              }
+            })
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  })
+</script>
+
+<style>
+  #flow-diagram {
+    background: #fcfcfc;
+    /* font-family: Inter; */
+    /* font-size: 10px; */
+    font-size: 0.7em;
+    padding-bottom: 2em;
+  }
+  .no-js #flow-diagram {
+    display: none
+  }
+  .diagram-grid {
+    display: grid;
+    overflow-x: auto;
+  }
+  .platform, .step, .dots, .block-container, .action {
+    display: contents;
+  }
+  .block, .dot {
+    position: relative;
+    margin: 2em 0.5em;
+  }
+  .block {
+    background-color: #eee;
+    /* margin: 0.5em auto; */
+    padding: 0.5em;
+    max-width: 6em;
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    text-align: center;
+  }
+  .dot {
+    /* margin: 0.5em; */
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+  }
+  .dot-graphic {
+    width: 1.3em;
+    height: 1.3em;
+    border-radius: 50%;
+    background: #DADADA;
+  }
+  a.action {
+    color: inherit;
+  }
+  .action.tooltip-open .dot-graphic {
+    background-color: #416EDA;
+  }
+  .action.tooltip-open .block {
+    background-color: #416EDA;
+    color: white;
+  }
+  .grid-column-label {
+    height: 2em;
+    position: relative;
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    margin: 0 0.5em;
+  }
+  .grid-column-label::before {
+    content: "";
+    height: 1px;
+    background-color: currentColor;
+    position: absolute;
+    top: calc(50% - 0.5px);
+    left: 0;
+    right: 0;
+  }
+  .grid-column-label .label {
+    background: #fcfcfc;
+    padding: 0 1em;
+    position: relative;
+  }
+  .grid-row-label {
+    grid-column: 1 / span 1;
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: flex-end;
+    text-align: right;
+    background: #fcfcfc;
+    position: relative;
+    padding-right: 1em;
+    font-size: 1.1em;
+  }
+  .grid-line {
+    grid-column: 1 / -1;
+    grid-row-end: span 1;
+    position: relative;
+  }
+  .grid-line::after {
+    content: "";
+    height: 1px;
+    background-color: #979797;
+    position: absolute;
+    top: calc(50% - 1px);
+    left: 0;
+    right: 0;
+  }
+  .grid-outline {
+    grid-row-end: span 1;
+    position: relative;
+    color: #8f8f8f;
+  }
+  .grid-outline.docker {
+    grid-row: 3 / span 1;
+    grid-column: 3 / -2;
+  }
+  .grid-outline.testVenv {
+    grid-column: 9 / span 3;
+  }
+  .grid-outline .outline {
+    position: absolute;
+    border: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
+    padding: 1px 3px;
+  }
+  .grid-outline.docker .outline  {
+    left: 0;
+    right: 0;
+    top: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+  }
+  .grid-outline.testVenv .outline  {
+    left: 0;
+    right: 0;
+    top: 0.5em;
+    bottom: 0.5em;
+  }
+
+  /* style the tooltip */
+  .tippy-box {
+    background: white;
+    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
+    border-radius: 0;
+    text-align: left;
+    font-size: 1em;
+    color: #1F1F1F;
+    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
+    width: 14em;
+    min-width: min-content;
+  }
+  .tippy-box[data-placement^='top'] > .tippy-arrow::before {
+    border-top-color: white;
+  }
+  .tippy-box[data-placement^='bottom'] > .tippy-arrow::before {
+    border-bottom-color: white;
+  }
+  .tippy-box[data-placement^='left'] > .tippy-arrow::before {
+    border-left-color: white;
+  }
+  .tippy-box[data-placement^='right'] > .tippy-arrow::before {
+    border-right-color: white;
+  }
+  a.tooltip-contents {
+    color: inherit;
+    text-decoration: none;
+    display: block;
+  }
+  .tooltip-title {
+    font-weight: 600;
+    font-size: 1.1em;
+    color: #416EDA;
+  }
+  .tooltip-tag {
+    font-weight: 500;
+    text-transform: uppercase;
+    font-size: 0.9em;
+    color: #C9C9C9;
+  }
+  .tooltip-description {
+    margin-top: 1px;
+    margin-bottom: 2px;
+  }
+</style>

docs/extra.css

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 body {
     overflow-wrap: break-word;
+    overflow-x: hidden;
+    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
 }
 
 p {
@@ -61,6 +63,13 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
   border: none;
 }
 
+@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
+  .wy-nav-content-wrap .wy-nav-content {
+      padding: 1em;
+  }
+}
+
+
 /*
     Code block filename style
 
@@ -104,10 +113,10 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
 .code-block-filename + pre code {
     padding-top: 0.9em;
 }
-
+/*
 .toctree-l3 {
   border-left: 10px solid transparent;
-}
+} */
 
 /* import font awesome 4 for icons */
 @import url(https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css);
@@ -225,3 +234,84 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
   padding-right: 0;
   margin-bottom: 0.5em;
 }
+
+/* mkdocs update theme fix-ups */
+
+.rst-content code, .rst-content tt, code {
+  /* border: none; */
+  /* background-color: #f0f1f1; */
+  color: inherit;
+}
+.rst-content pre code {
+  border: none;
+}
+
+.rst-content h1 code,
+.rst-content h2 code,
+.rst-content h3 code,
+.rst-content h4 code,
+.rst-content h5 code,
+.rst-content h6 code {
+  border: none;
+  color: inherit;
+  background-color: #f0f1f1;
+  font-size: 100%;
+}
+
+
+/* expand all the toctree entries */
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l1.current .toctree-l2>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l2.current .toctree-l3>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l3.current .toctree-l4>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l4.current .toctree-l5>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l5.current .toctree-l6>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l6.current .toctree-l7>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l7.current .toctree-l8>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l8.current .toctree-l9>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l9.current .toctree-l10>ul,
+.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l10.current .toctree-l11>ul {
+  display: block;
+}
+
+/* hide all the buttons */
+.wy-menu-vertical li.current>a button.toctree-expand,
+.wy-menu-vertical li.on a button.toctree-expand,
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2 button.toctree-expand,
+.wy-menu-vertical li a button.toctree-expand {
+  display: none;
+}
+
+/* toctree layout improvements */
+.wy-menu-vertical a {
+  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.current>a,
+.wy-menu-vertical li.on a {
+  font-weight: normal;
+  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
+  /* border-right: 1px solid #f0f0f0; */
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.current a {
+  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l3 a,
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current li.toctree-l3>a {
+  padding-left: 1.8em;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current>a {
+  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current>a,
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current li.toctree-l3>a {
+  background: transparent;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current>a:hover,
+.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current li.toctree-l3>a:hover {
+  background: #d6d6d6;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.current>a.current {
+  background: #fafafa !important;
+}
+.wy-menu-vertical li.current a {
+
+}

docs/faq.md

@@ -2,17 +2,19 @@
 title: Tips and tricks
 ---
 
+# Tips and tricks
+
 ## Tips
 
-### Linux builds on Docker
+### Linux builds in containers
 
-Linux wheels are built in the [`manylinux`/`musllinux` docker images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) to provide binary compatible wheels on Linux, according to [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) / [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Because of this, when building with `cibuildwheel` on Linux, a few things should be taken into account:
+Linux wheels are built in [`manylinux`/`musllinux` containers](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) to provide binary compatible wheels on Linux, according to [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) / [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Because of this, when building with `cibuildwheel` on Linux, a few things should be taken into account:
 
--   Programs and libraries are not installed on the CI runner host, but rather should be installed inside of the Docker image - using `yum` for `manylinux2010` or `manylinux2014`, `apt-get` for `manylinux_2_24` and `apk` for `musllinux_1_1`, or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building.
+-   Programs and libraries are not installed on the CI runner host, but rather should be installed inside the container - using `yum` for `manylinux2010` or `manylinux2014`, `apt-get` for `manylinux_2_24` and `apk` for `musllinux_1_1`, or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building.
 
-    `cibuildwheel` supports this by providing the [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](options.md#environment) and [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) options to setup the build environment inside the running Docker image.
+    `cibuildwheel` supports this by providing the [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](options.md#environment) and [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) options to setup the build environment inside the running container.
 
--   The project directory is mounted in the running Docker instance as `/project`, the output directory for the wheels as `/output`. In general, this is handled transparently by `cibuildwheel`. For a more finegrained level of control however, the root of the host file system is mounted as `/host`, allowing for example to access shared files, caches, etc. on the host file system.  Note that `/host` is not available on CircleCI due to their Docker policies.
+-   The project directory is mounted inside the container as `/project`, the output directory for the wheels as `/output`. In general, this is handled transparently by `cibuildwheel`. For a more finegrained level of control however, the root of the host file system is mounted as `/host`, allowing for example to access shared files, caches, etc. on the host file system.  Note that `/host` is not available on CircleCI due to their Docker policies.
 
 -   Alternative Docker images can be specified with the `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`/`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE` options to allow for a custom, preconfigured build environment for the Linux builds. See [options](options.md#linux-image) for more details.
 
@@ -53,11 +55,11 @@ to load on Apple Silicon.
     available.
 
 Generally speaking, because Pip 20.3 is required for the `universal2` wheel,
-most packages should provide both `x86_64` and `universal2` wheels for now.
-Once Pip 20.3+ is common on macOS, then it should be possible to ship only the
-`universal2` wheel.
+most packages should provide both `x86_64` and one of `universal2`/`arm64`
+wheels for now. When Pip 20.3+ is common on macOS, then it might be possible
+to ship only the `universal2` wheel.
 
-**Apple Silicon wheels are not built by default**, but can be enabled by adding extra archs to the [`CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS` option](options.md#archs) - e.g. `x86_64 arm64 universal2`. Cross-compilation is provided by the Xcode toolchain.
+**Apple Silicon wheels are not built by default on Intel runners**, but can be enabled by adding extra archs to the [`CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS` option](options.md#archs) - e.g. `x86_64 arm64`. Cross-compilation is provided by the Xcode toolchain.
 
 !!! important
     When cross-compiling on Intel, it is not possible to test `arm64` and the `arm64` part of a `universal2` wheel.
@@ -66,8 +68,7 @@ Once Pip 20.3+ is common on macOS, then it should be possible to ship only the
 
 Hopefully, cross-compilation is a temporary situation. Once we have widely
 available Apple Silicon CI runners, we can build and test `arm64` and
-`universal2` wheels natively. That's why `universal2` wheels are not yet built
-by default, and require opt-in by setting `CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS`.
+`universal2` wheels natively. That's why `universal2`/`arm64` wheels require opt-in by setting `CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS`.
 
 !!! note
     Your runner needs Xcode Command Line Tools 12.2 or later to build `universal2` or `arm64`.
@@ -82,7 +83,15 @@ Here's an example GitHub Actions workflow with a job that builds for Apple Silic
 {% include "../examples/github-apple-silicon.yml" %}
 ```
 
-### Building non-native architectures using emulation  {: #emulation}
+Here's an example Cirrus CI workflow with a job that builds for macOS Intel through Rosetta 2 emulation and for Apple Silicon natively:
+
+> .cirrus.yml
+
+```yml
+{% include "../examples/cirrus-ci-intel-mac.yml" %}
+```
+
+### Building Linux wheels for non-native archs using emulation  {: #emulation}
 
 cibuildwheel supports building non-native architectures on Linux, via
 emulation through the binfmt_misc kernel feature. The easiest way to use this
@@ -103,7 +112,13 @@ Linux), and the other architectures are emulated automatically.
 {% include "../examples/github-with-qemu.yml" %}
 ```
 
-### Building packages with optional C extensions
+### Building CPython ABI3 wheels (Limited API) {: #abi3}
+
+The CPython Limited API is a subset of the Python C Extension API that's declared to be forward-compatible, meaning you can compile wheels for one version of Python, and they'll be compatible with future versions. Wheels that use the Limited API are known as ABI3 wheels.
+
+To create a package that builds ABI3 wheels, you'll need to configure your build backend to compile libraries correctly create wheels with the right tags. [Check this repo](https://github.com/joerick/python-abi3-package-sample) for an example of how to do this with setuptools.
+
+### Packages with optional C extensions {: #optional-extensions}
 
 `cibuildwheel` defines the environment variable `CIBUILDWHEEL` to the value `1` allowing projects for which the C extension is optional to make it mandatory when building wheels.
 
@@ -117,17 +132,18 @@ myextension = Extension(
 )
 ```
 
-### Automatic updates {: #automatic-updates}
+### Automatic updates using Dependabot {: #automatic-updates}
 
 Selecting a moving target (like the latest release) is generally a bad idea in CI. If something breaks, you can't tell whether it was your code or an upstream update that caused the breakage, and in a worse-case scenario, it could occur during a release.
-There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead involve scheduled pull requests using GitHub's dependabot.
+
+There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead involve scheduled pull requests using GitHub's Dependabot.
 
 #### Option 1: GitHub Action
 
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
 
 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.4.0
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.11.0
 ```
 
 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
@@ -141,10 +157,6 @@ updates:
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
-    ignore:
-      # Optional: Official actions have moving tags like v1;
-      # if you use those, you don't need updates.
-      - dependency-name: "actions/*"
 ```
 
 #### Option 2: Requirement files
@@ -153,7 +165,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `
 
 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+cibuildwheel==2.11.0
 ```
 
 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
@@ -179,7 +191,7 @@ package 'sdist' will also benefit.
 
 #### Missing build dependencies {: #cibw-options-alternatives-deps}
 
-If your build needs Python dependencies, rather than using CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD, it's best to add these to the
+If your build needs Python dependencies, rather than using `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`, it's best to add these to the
 [`build-system.requires`](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0518/#build-system-table)
 section of your pyproject.toml. For example, if your project requires Cython
 to build, your pyproject.toml might include a section like this:
@@ -201,35 +213,35 @@ You might need to run some other commands before building, like running a
 script that performs codegen or downloading some data that's not stored in
 your source tree.
 
-Rather than using CIBW_BEFORE_ALL or CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD, you could incorporate
+Rather than using `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL` or `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`, you could incorporate
 these steps into your package's build process. For example, if you're using
 setuptools, you can add steps to your package's `setup.py` using a structure
 like this:
 
-    ```python
-    import subprocess
-    import setuptools
-    import setuptools.command.build_py
+```python
+import subprocess
+import setuptools
+import setuptools.command.build_py
 
 
-    class BuildPyCommand(setuptools.command.build_py.build_py):
-      """Custom build command."""
+class BuildPyCommand(setuptools.command.build_py.build_py):
+    """Custom build command."""
 
-      def run(self):
+    def run(self):
         # your custom build steps here
         # e.g.
         #   subprocess.run(['python', 'scripts/my_custom_script.py'], check=True)
         setuptools.command.build_py.build_py.run(self)
 
 
-    setuptools.setup(
-        cmdclass={
-            'build_py': BuildPyCommand,
-        },
-        # Usual setup() args.
-        # ...
-    )
-    ```
+setuptools.setup(
+    cmdclass={
+        'build_py': BuildPyCommand,
+    },
+    # Usual setup() args.
+    # ...
+)
+```
 
 #### Compiler flags
 
@@ -249,7 +261,28 @@ To quickly test your config without doing a git push and waiting for your code t
 
 ### Missing dependencies
 
-You might need to install something on the build machine. You can do this with apt/yum, brew or choco, using the [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) option. Or, for a Python dependency, consider [adding it to pyproject.toml](#cibw-options-alternatives-deps).
+Sometimes a build will fail due to a missing dependency.
+
+**If the build is missing a Python package**, you should [add it to pyproject.toml](#cibw-options-alternatives-deps).
+
+**If you need a build tool** (e.g. cmake, automake, ninja), you can install it through a package manager like apt/yum, brew or choco, using the [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) option.
+
+**If your build is linking into a native library dependency**, you can build/install that in [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all). However, on Linux, Mac (and Windows if you're using [delvewheel]), the library that you install will be bundled into the wheel in the [repair step]. So take care to ensure that
+
+- the bundled library doesn't accidentally increase the minimum system requirements (such as the minimum macOS version)
+- the bundled library matches the architecture of the wheel you're building when cross-compiling
+
+This is particularly an issue on macOS, where de facto package manager Homebrew will install libraries that are compiled for the specific version of macOS that the build machine is running, rendering the wheels useless for any previous version. And brew will not install the right arch for cross compilation of Apple Silicon wheels.
+
+For these reasons, it's strongly recommended to not use brew for native library dependencies. Instead, we recommend compiling the library yourself. If you compile in the [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) step, cibuildwheel will have already set the appropriate `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` env var, so the library will target the correct version of macOS.
+
+!!! tip
+    For build steps, Homebrew is still a great resource - you can [look up the build formula](https://formulae.brew.sh/) and use that as a starting point.
+
+[delvewheel]: https://github.com/adang1345/delvewheel
+[repair step]: options.md#repair-wheel-command
+[Homebrew]: https://brew.sh/
+[delocate]: https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate
 
 ### macOS: ModuleNotFoundError
 
@@ -270,13 +303,14 @@ python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 
 This doesn't work because while `cibuildwheel` was running, it installed a few new versions of 'python3', so the `python3` run on line 3 isn't the same as the `python3` that ran on line 1.
 
-Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to install tools immediately before they're used:
+Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to use pipx:
 
 ```bash
-python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel
-python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-python3 -m pip install twine
-python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
+# most runners have pipx preinstalled, but in case you don't
+python3 -m pip install pipx
+
+pipx run cibuildwheel==2.11.0 --output-dir wheelhouse
+pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 
 ### macOS: Passing DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH to delocate
@@ -307,9 +341,9 @@ See [#816](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/816), thanks to @phoeriou
 
 ### Windows: 'ImportError: DLL load failed: The specific module could not be found'
 
-Visual Studio and MSVC link the compiled binary wheels to the Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime. Normally, these are included with Python, but when compiling with a newer version of Visual Studio, it is possible users will run into problems on systems that do not have these runtime libraries installed. The solution is to ask users to download the corresponding Visual C++ Redistributable from the [Microsoft website](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2977003/the-latest-supported-visual-c-downloads) and install it. Since a Python installation normally includes these VC++ Redistributable files for [the version of the MSVC compiler used to compile Python](https://wiki.python.org/moin/WindowsCompilers), this is typically only a problem when compiling a Python C extension with a newer compiler.
+Visual Studio and MSVC link the compiled binary wheels to the Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime. Normally, the C parts of the runtime are included with Python, but the C++ components are not. When compiling modules using C++, it is possible users will run into problems on systems that do not have the full set of runtime libraries installed. The solution is to ask users to download the corresponding Visual C++ Redistributable from the [Microsoft website](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2977003/the-latest-supported-visual-c-downloads) and install it.
 
-Additionally, Visual Studio 2019 started linking to an even newer DLL, `VCRUNTIME140_1.dll`, besides the `VCRUNTIME140.dll` that is included with recent Python versions (starting from Python 3.5; see [here](https://wiki.python.org/moin/WindowsCompilers) for more details on the corresponding Visual Studio & MSVC versions used to compile the different Python versions). To avoid this extra dependency on `VCRUNTIME140_1.dll`, the [`/d2FH4-` flag](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/making-cpp-exception-handling-smaller-x64/) can be added to the MSVC invocations (check out [this issue](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/423) for details and references).
+Additionally, Visual Studio 2019 started linking to an even newer DLL, `VCRUNTIME140_1.dll`, besides the `VCRUNTIME140.dll` that is included with recent Python versions (starting from Python 3.5; see [here](https://wiki.python.org/moin/WindowsCompilers) for more details on the corresponding Visual Studio & MSVC versions used to compile the different Python versions). To avoid this extra dependency on `VCRUNTIME140_1.dll`, the [`/d2FH4-` flag](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/making-cpp-exception-handling-smaller-x64/) can be added to the MSVC invocations (check out [this issue](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/423) for details and references). CPython 3.8.3 and all versions after it have this extra DLL, so it is only needed for 3.8 and earlier.
 
 To add the `/d2FH4-` flag to a standard `setup.py` using `setuptools`, the `extra_compile_args` option can be used:
 
@@ -323,4 +357,12 @@ To add the `/d2FH4-` flag to a standard `setup.py` using `setuptools`, the `extr
     ],
 ```
 
-To investigate the dependencies of a C extension (i.e., the `.pyd` file, a DLL in disguise) on Windows, [Dependency Walker](http://www.dependencywalker.com/) is a great tool.
+To investigate the dependencies of a C extension (i.e., the `.pyd` file, a DLL in disguise) on Windows, [Dependency Walker](http://www.dependencywalker.com/) is a great tool. For diagnosing a failing import, the [dlltracer](https://pypi.org/project/dlltracer/) tool may also provide additional details.
+
+### Windows ARM64 builds {: #windows-arm64}
+
+`cibuildwheel` supports cross-compiling `ARM64` wheels on all Windows runners, but a native ARM64 runner is required for testing. On non-native runners, tests for ARM64 wheels will be automatically skipped with a warning. Add `*-win_arm64` to your `CIBW_TEST_SKIP` setting to suppress the warning.
+
+Cross-compilation on Windows relies on a supported build backend. Supported backends use an environment variable to specify their target platform (the one they are compiling native modules for, as opposed to the one they are running on), which is set in [cibuildwheels/windows.py](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/windows.py) before building. Currently, `setuptools>=65.4.1` and `setuptools_rust` are the only supported backends.
+
+By default, `ARM64` is not enabled when running on non-ARM64 runners. Use [`CIBW_ARCHS`](options.md#archs) to select it.

docs/index.md

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 title: Home
 ---
 
+# cibuildwheel
+
 {%
    include-markdown "../README.md"
    start="<!--intro-start-->"
@@ -9,3 +11,14 @@ title: Home
 %}
 
 To get started, head over to the [setup guide](setup.md).
+
+How it works
+------------
+
+This diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platform to build your package's wheels.
+
+{%
+   include-markdown "diagram.md"
+%}
+
+This isn't exhaustive, for a full list of the things cibuildwheel can do, check the [options](options.md) page.

docs/main.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import subprocess
 from typing import Any
 

docs/options.md

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Options
+
 ## Setting options
 
 cibuildwheel can either be configured using environment variables, or from
@@ -73,6 +75,16 @@ cibuildwheel to run tests, add the following YAML to your CI config file:
         CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
     ```
 
+!!! tab "Cirrus CI"
+
+    > .cirrus.yml ([docs](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/#environment-variables))
+
+    ```yaml
+    env:
+      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
+      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
+    ```
+
 ### Configuration file {: #configuration-file}
 
 You can configure cibuildwheel with a config file, such as `pyproject.toml`.
@@ -101,7 +113,7 @@ The complete set of defaults for the current version of cibuildwheel are shown b
 
 !!! tip
     Static configuration works across all CI systems, and can be used locally if
-    you run `cibuildwheel --plat linux`. This is preferred, but environment
+    you run `cibuildwheel --platform linux`. This is preferred, but environment
     variables are better if you need to change per-matrix element
     (`CIBW_BUILD` is often in this category, for example), or if you cannot or do
     not want to change a `pyproject.toml` file. You can specify a different file to
@@ -117,9 +129,9 @@ matches overriding earlier ones if multiple selectors match. Environment
 variables always override static configuration.
 
 A few of the options below have special handling in overrides. A different
-`before-all` will trigger a new docker launch on Linux, and cannot be
+`before-all` will trigger a new container to launch on Linux, and cannot be
 overridden on macOS or Windows.  Overriding the image on linux will also
-generate new docker launches, one per image.  Some commands are not supported;
+trigger new containers, one per image. Some commands are not supported;
 `output-dir`, build/skip/test_skip selectors, and architectures cannot be
 overridden.
 
@@ -174,7 +186,7 @@ Default: `auto`
 
 `auto` will auto-detect platform using environment variables, such as `TRAVIS_OS_NAME`/`APPVEYOR`/`CIRCLECI`.
 
-- For `linux`, you need Docker running, on Linux, macOS, or Windows.
+- For `linux`, you need [Docker or Podman](#container-engine) running, on Linux, macOS, or Windows.
 - For `macos` and `windows`, you need to be running on the respective system, with a working compiler toolchain installed - Xcode Command Line tools for macOS, and MSVC for Windows.
 
 This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line) `--platform`. This option is not available in the `pyproject.toml` config.
@@ -190,6 +202,10 @@ This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line) `--pl
 
     This is even more convenient if you store your cibuildwheel config in [`pyproject.toml`](#configuration-file).
 
+    You can also run a single identifier with `--only <identifier>`. This will
+    not require `--platform` or `--arch`, and will override any build/skip
+    configuration.
+
 ### `CIBW_BUILD`, `CIBW_SKIP` {: #build-skip}
 
 > Choose the Python versions to build
@@ -202,16 +218,17 @@ When setting the options, you can use shell-style globbing syntax, as per [fnmat
 
 <div class="build-id-table-marker"></div>
 
-|              | macOS                                                                  | Windows                          | Linux Intel                                                                                         | Linux Other                                                                                                                                                     |
-|--------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| Python 3.6   | cp36-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp36-win_amd64<br/>cp36-win32    | cp36-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-manylinux_i686<br/>cp36-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-musllinux_i686     | cp36-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp36-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-musllinux_s390x       |
-| Python 3.7   | cp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp37-win_amd64<br/>cp37-win32    | cp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-manylinux_i686<br/>cp37-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-musllinux_i686     | cp37-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp37-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-musllinux_s390x       |
-| Python 3.8   | cp38-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp38-macosx_universal2<br/>cp38-macosx_arm64    | cp38-win_amd64<br/>cp38-win32    | cp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-manylinux_i686<br/>cp38-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-musllinux_i686     | cp38-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp38-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-musllinux_s390x       |
+|              | macOS                                                                  | Windows                                             | Linux Intel                                                                                         | Linux Other                                                                                                                                                     |
+|--------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| Python 3.6   | cp36-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp36-win_amd64<br/>cp36-win32                       | cp36-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-manylinux_i686<br/>cp36-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-musllinux_i686     | cp36-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp36-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-musllinux_s390x       |
+| Python 3.7   | cp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp37-win_amd64<br/>cp37-win32                       | cp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-manylinux_i686<br/>cp37-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-musllinux_i686     | cp37-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp37-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-musllinux_s390x       |
+| Python 3.8   | cp38-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp38-macosx_universal2<br/>cp38-macosx_arm64    | cp38-win_amd64<br/>cp38-win32                       | cp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-manylinux_i686<br/>cp38-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-musllinux_i686     | cp38-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp38-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-musllinux_s390x       |
 | Python 3.9   | cp39-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp39-macosx_universal2<br/>cp39-macosx_arm64    | cp39-win_amd64<br/>cp39-win32<br/>cp39-win_arm64    | cp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp39-manylinux_i686<br/>cp39-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp39-musllinux_i686     | cp39-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp39-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp39-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp39-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp39-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp39-musllinux_s390x       |
-| Python 3.10  | cp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp310-macosx_universal2<br/>cp310-macosx_arm64 | cp310-win_amd64<br/>cp310-win32<br/>cp310-win_arm64   | cp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-manylinux_i686<br/>cp310-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-musllinux_i686 | cp310-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp310-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-musllinux_s390x |
-| PyPy3.7 v7.3 | pp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp37-win_amd64                   | pp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp37-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp37-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
-| PyPy3.8 v7.3 | pp38-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp38-win_amd64                   | pp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp38-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp38-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
-| PyPy3.9 v7.3 | pp39-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp39-win_amd64                   | pp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp39-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp39-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
+| Python 3.10  | cp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp310-macosx_universal2<br/>cp310-macosx_arm64 | cp310-win_amd64<br/>cp310-win32<br/>cp310-win_arm64 | cp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-manylinux_i686<br/>cp310-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-musllinux_i686 | cp310-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp310-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-musllinux_s390x |
+| Python 3.11  | cp311-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp311-macosx_universal2<br/>cp311-macosx_arm64 | cp311-win_amd64<br/>cp311-win32<br/>cp311-win_arm64 | cp311-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-manylinux_i686<br/>cp311-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-musllinux_i686 | cp311-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp311-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-musllinux_s390x |
+| PyPy3.7 v7.3 | pp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp37-win_amd64                                      | pp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp37-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp37-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
+| PyPy3.8 v7.3 | pp38-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp38-win_amd64                                      | pp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp38-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp38-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
+| PyPy3.9 v7.3 | pp39-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp39-win_amd64                                      | pp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp39-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp39-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
 
 The list of supported and currently selected build identifiers can also be retrieved by passing the `--print-build-identifiers` flag to cibuildwheel.
 The format is `python_tag-platform_tag`, with tags similar to those in [PEP 425](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0425/#details).
@@ -330,11 +347,14 @@ On macOS, this option can be used to cross-compile between `x86_64`,
 On Linux, this option can be used to build non-native architectures under
 emulation. See [this guide](faq.md#emulation) for more information.
 
+On Windows, this option can be used to compile for `ARM64` from an Intel
+machine, provided the cross-compiling tools are installed.
+
 Options:
 
 - Linux: `x86_64` `i686` `aarch64` `ppc64le` `s390x`
 - macOS: `x86_64` `arm64` `universal2`
-- Windows: `AMD64` `x86`
+- Windows: `AMD64` `x86` `ARM64`
 - `auto`: The default archs for your machine - see the table below.
     - `auto64`: Just the 64-bit auto archs
     - `auto32`: Just the 32-bit auto archs
@@ -349,8 +369,9 @@ Default: `auto`
 |---|---|---|---|---|
 | Linux / Intel | `x86_64` | `x86_64` `i686` | `x86_64` | `i686` |
 | Windows / Intel | `AMD64` | `AMD64` `x86` | `AMD64` | `x86` |
+| Windows / ARM64 | `ARM64` | `ARM64` | `ARM64` | |
 | macOS / Intel | `x86_64` | `x86_64` | `x86_64` |  |
-| macOS / Apple Silicon | `arm64` | `arm64` `universal2` | `arm64` `universal2`|  |
+| macOS / Apple Silicon | `arm64` | `arm64` | `arm64` |  |
 
 If not listed above, `auto` is the same as `native`.
 
@@ -516,13 +537,43 @@ Choose which build backend to use. Can either be "pip", which will run
     build-frontend = "pip"
     ```
 
+### `CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS` {: #config-settings}
+> Specify config-settings for the build backend.
+
+Specify config settings for the build backend. Each space separated
+item will be passed via `--config-setting`. In TOML, you can specify
+a table of items, including arrays.
+
+!!! tip
+    Currently, "build" supports arrays for options, but "pip" only supports
+    single values.
+
+Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>
+`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_MACOS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX`
+
+
+#### Examples
+
+!!! tab examples "Environment variables"
+
+    ```yaml
+    CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS: "--build-option=--use-mypyc"
+    ```
+
+!!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
+
+    ```toml
+    [tool.cibuildwheel.config-settings]
+    --build-option = "--use-mypyc"
+    ```
+
 
 ### `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` {: #environment}
 > Set environment variables needed during the build
 
 A list of environment variables to set during the build. Bash syntax should be used, even on Windows.
 
-You must set this variable to pass variables to Linux builds (since they execute in a Docker container). It also works for the other platforms.
+You must set this variable to pass variables to Linux builds (since they execute in a container). It also works for the other platforms.
 
 You can use `$PATH` syntax to insert other variables, or the `$(pwd)` syntax to insert the output of other shell commands.
 
@@ -552,6 +603,10 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
     # Supply options to `pip` to affect how it downloads dependencies
     CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL=https://pypi.myorg.com/simple
 
+    # Any pip command-line options can be set using the PIP_ prefix
+    # https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/topics/configuration/#environment-variables
+    CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: PIP_GLOBAL_OPTION="build_ext -j4"
+
     # Set two flags on linux only
     CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_LINUX: BUILD_TIME="$(date)" SAMPLE_TEXT="sample text"
     ```
@@ -581,6 +636,10 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
     # Supply options to `pip` to affect how it downloads dependencies
     environment = { PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL="https://pypi.myorg.com/simple" }
 
+    # Any pip command-line option can be set using the PIP_ prefix
+    # https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/topics/configuration/#environment-variables
+    environment = { PIP_GLOBAL_OPTION="build_ext -j4" }
+
     # Set two flags on linux only
     [tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
     environment = { BUILD_TIME="$(date)", SAMPLE_TEXT="sample text" }
@@ -634,21 +693,25 @@ To specify more than one environment variable, separate the variable names by sp
 ### `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL` {: #before-all}
 > Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built.
 
-Shell command to prepare a common part of the project (e.g. build or install libraries which does not depend on the specific version of Python).
+Shell command that runs before any builds are run, to build or install parts that do not depend on the specific version of Python.
 
-This option is very useful for the Linux build, where builds take place in isolated Docker containers managed by cibuildwheel. This command will run inside the container before the wheel builds start. Note, if you're building both `x86_64` and `i686` wheels (the default), your build uses two different Docker images. In that case, this command will execute twice - once per build container.
+This option is very useful for the Linux build, where builds take place in isolated containers managed by cibuildwheel. This command will run inside the container before the wheel builds start. Note, if you're building both `x86_64` and `i686` wheels (the default), your build uses two different container images. In that case, this command will execute twice - once per build container.
 
 The placeholder `{package}` can be used here; it will be replaced by the path to the package being built by cibuildwheel.
 
 On Windows and macOS, the version of Python available inside `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL` is whatever is available on the host machine. On Linux, a modern Python version is available on PATH.
 
 This option has special behavior in the overrides section in `pyproject.toml`.
-On linux, overriding it triggers a new docker launch. It cannot be overridden
+On linux, overriding it triggers a new container launch. It cannot be overridden
 on macOS and Windows.
 
 Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_MACOS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX`
 
+!!! note
+
+    This command is executed in a different Python environment from the builds themselves. So you can't `pip install` a Python dependency in CIBW_BEFORE_ALL and use it in the build. Instead, look at [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](#before-build), or, if your project uses pyproject.toml, the [build-system.requires](https://peps.python.org/pep-0518/#build-system-table) field.
+
 #### Examples
 
 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
@@ -691,9 +754,9 @@ Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>
 
     In configuration files, you can use a TOML array, and each line will be run sequentially - joined with `&&`.
 
-Note that manylinux2_24 builds occur inside a Debian9 docker, where
+Note that manylinux_2_24 builds occur inside a Debian9 docker, where
 manylinux2010 and manylinux2014 builds occur inside a CentOS one. So for
-`manylinux2_24` the `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX` command must use `apt-get -y`
+`manylinux_2_24` the `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX` command must use `apt-get -y`
 instead.
 
 ### `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD` {: #before-build}
@@ -783,7 +846,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 
 
 ### `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND` {: #repair-wheel-command}
-> Execute a shell command to repair each (non-pure Python) built wheel
+> Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel
 
 Default:
 
@@ -865,7 +928,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 <div class="link-target" id="manylinux-image"></div>
 
 ### `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE` {: #linux-image}
-> Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux Docker images
+> Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
 
 The available options are (default value):
 
@@ -885,16 +948,16 @@ The available options are (default value):
 
 Set an alternative Docker image to be used for building [manylinux / musllinux](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) wheels.
 
-For `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010`, `manylinux2014` or `manylinux_2_24` to use a pinned version of the [official manylinux images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name. For PyPy, the `manylinux1` image is not available. For architectures other
-than x86 (x86\_64 and i686) `manylinux2014` or `manylinux_2_24` must be used, because the first version of the manylinux specification that supports additional architectures is `manylinux2014`.
+For `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010`, `manylinux2014`, `manylinux_2_24` or `manylinux_2_28` to use a pinned version of the [official manylinux images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name. For PyPy, the `manylinux1` image is not available. For architectures other
+than x86 (x86\_64 and i686) `manylinux2014`, `manylinux_2_24` or `manylinux_2_28` must be used, because the first version of the manylinux specification that supports additional architectures is `manylinux2014`. `manylinux_2_28` is not supported for `i686` architecture.
 
 For `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `musllinux_1_1` to use a pinned version of the [official musllinux images](https://github.com/pypa/musllinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name.
 
 If this option is blank, it will fall though to the next available definition (environment variable -> pyproject.toml -> default).
 
-If setting a custom Docker image, you'll need to make sure it can be used in the same way as the official, default Docker images: all necessary Python and pip versions need to be present in `/opt/python/`, and the auditwheel tool needs to be present for cibuildwheel to work. Apart from that, the architecture and relevant shared system libraries need to be compatible to the relevant standard to produce valid manylinux1/manylinux2010/manylinux2014/manylinux_2_24/musllinux_1_1 wheels (see [pypa/manylinux on GitHub](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux), [PEP 513](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0513/), [PEP 571](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/), [PEP 599](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0599/), [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) and [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/) for more details).
+If setting a custom image, you'll need to make sure it can be used in the same way as the default images: all necessary Python and pip versions need to be present in `/opt/python/`, and the auditwheel tool needs to be present for cibuildwheel to work. Apart from that, the architecture and relevant shared system libraries need to be compatible to the relevant standard to produce valid manylinux1/manylinux2010/manylinux2014/manylinux_2_24/manylinux_2_28/musllinux_1_1 wheels (see [pypa/manylinux on GitHub](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux), [PEP 513](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0513/), [PEP 571](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/), [PEP 599](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0599/), [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) and [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/) for more details).
 
-Auditwheel detects the version of the manylinux / musllinux standard in the Docker image through the `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, as cibuildwheel has no way of detecting the correct `--plat` command line argument to pass to auditwheel for a custom image. If a Docker image does not correctly set this `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, the `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` option can be used to do so (e.g., `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT='AUDITWHEEL_PLAT="manylinux2010_$(uname -m)"'`).
+Auditwheel detects the version of the manylinux / musllinux standard in the image through the `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, as cibuildwheel has no way of detecting the correct `--plat` command line argument to pass to auditwheel for a custom image. If a custom image does not correctly set this `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, the `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` option can be used to do so (e.g., `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT='AUDITWHEEL_PLAT="manylinux2010_$(uname -m)"'`).
 
 #### Examples
 
@@ -955,6 +1018,44 @@ Auditwheel detects the version of the manylinux / musllinux standard in the Dock
     Like any other option, these can be placed in `[tool.cibuildwheel.linux]`
     if you prefer; they have no effect on `macos` and `windows`.
 
+
+### `CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE` {: #container-engine}
+> Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels
+
+Options: `docker` `podman`
+
+Default: `docker`
+
+Set the container engine to use. Docker is the default, or you can switch to
+[Podman](https://podman.io/). To use Docker, you need to have a Docker daemon
+running and `docker` available on PATH. To use Podman, it needs to be
+installed and `podman` available on PATH.
+
+!!! tip
+
+    While most users will stick with Docker, Podman is available in different
+    contexts - for example, it can be run inside a Docker container, or without
+    root access. Thanks to the [OCI], images are compatible between engines, so
+    you can still use the regular manylinux/musllinux containers.
+
+[OCI]: https://opencontainers.org/
+
+#### Examples
+
+!!! tab examples "Environment variables"
+
+    ```yaml
+    CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE: podman
+    ```
+
+!!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
+
+    ```toml
+    [tool.cibuildwheel]
+    container-engine = "podman"
+    ```
+
+
 ### `CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS` {: #dependency-versions}
 > Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses
 
@@ -1020,6 +1121,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
     dependency-versions = "./constraints.txt"
     ```
 
+
 ## Testing
 
 ### `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND` {: #test-command}
@@ -1300,6 +1402,12 @@ Some options support placeholders, like `{project}`, `{package}` or `{wheel}`, t
     margin-top: 28px;
     overflow-x: auto;
   }
+  @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
+    .options-toc {
+      grid-gap: 1em 0.5em;
+      gap: 1em 0.5em;
+    }
+  }
   .options-toc .header {
     grid-column: 1 / 3;
     font-weight: bold;

docs/setup.md

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 title: 'Setup'
 ---
 
-# Run cibuildwheel locally (optional) {: #local}
+# Setup
+
+## Run cibuildwheel locally (optional) {: #local}
 
 Before getting to CI setup, it can be convenient to test cibuildwheel
 locally to quickly iterate and track down issues without even touching CI.
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ You should see the builds taking place. You can experiment with options using en
     cibuildwheel --platform linux
     ```
 
-## Linux builds
+### Linux builds
 
 If you've got [Docker](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop) installed on
 your development machine, you can run a Linux build.
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ they're perfectly reproducible.
 
 The only side effect to your system will be docker images being pulled.
 
-## macOS / Windows builds
+### macOS / Windows builds
 
 Pre-requisite: you need to have native build tools installed.
 
@@ -137,9 +139,9 @@ You can override the cache folder using the ``CIBW_CACHE_PATH`` environment vari
     ```
 
 
-# Configure a CI service
+## Configure a CI service
 
-## GitHub Actions [linux/mac/windows] {: #github-actions}
+### GitHub Actions [linux/mac/windows] {: #github-actions}
 
 To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/workflows/build_wheels.yml` file in your repo.
 
@@ -154,10 +156,9 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
     {% include "../examples/github-minimal.yml" %}
     ```
 
-
-    You can use `env:` with the action just like you would with `run:`; you can
-    also use `with:` to set the command line options: `package-dir: .` and
-    `output-dir: wheelhouse` (those values are the defaults).
+    Use `env:` to pass [build options](options.md) and `with:` to set
+    `package-dir: .`, `output-dir: wheelhouse` and `config-file: ''`
+    locations (those values are the defaults).
 
 !!! tab "pipx"
     The GitHub Actions runners have pipx installed, so you can easily build in
@@ -177,15 +178,15 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
         runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
         strategy:
           matrix:
-            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
 
         steps:
-          - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+          - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
           - name: Build wheels
-            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.11.0
 
-          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
             with:
               path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
     ```
@@ -209,21 +210,21 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
         runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
         strategy:
           matrix:
-            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
 
         steps:
-          - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+          - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
           # Used to host cibuildwheel
-          - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+          - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
 
           - name: Install cibuildwheel
-            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
 
           - name: Build wheels
             run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
 
-          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
             with:
               path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
     ```
@@ -236,7 +237,7 @@ For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://help.github.com/en/acti
 [`examples/github-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/github-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example with a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
 
 
-## Azure Pipelines [linux/mac/windows] {: #azure-pipelines}
+### Azure Pipelines [linux/mac/windows] {: #azure-pipelines}
 
 To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on Azure Pipelines, create a `azure-pipelines.yml` file in your repo.
 
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Azure Pipelines, and push.
 
 Wheels will be stored for you and available through the Pipelines interface. For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/yaml-schema).
 
-## Travis CI [linux/windows] {: #travis-ci}
+### Travis CI [linux/windows] {: #travis-ci}
 
 To build Linux and Windows wheels on Travis CI, create a `.travis.yml` file in your repo.
 
@@ -266,7 +267,7 @@ Then setup a deployment method by following the [Travis CI deployment docs](http
 
 [`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example with a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
 
-## AppVeyor [linux/mac/windows] {: #appveyor}
+### AppVeyor [linux/mac/windows] {: #appveyor}
 
 To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on AppVeyor, create an `appveyor.yml` file in your repo.
 
@@ -282,7 +283,7 @@ AppVeyor will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the proj
 
 For more info on this config file, check out the [docs](https://www.appveyor.com/docs/).
 
-## CircleCI [linux/mac] {: #circleci}
+### CircleCI [linux/mac] {: #circleci}
 
 To build Linux and Mac wheels on CircleCI, create a `.circleci/config.yml` file in your repo,
 
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ Commit this file, enable building of your repo on CircleCI, and push.
 
 CircleCI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the project console. Check out the CircleCI [docs](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/configuration-reference/#section=configuration) for more info on this config file.
 
-## Gitlab CI [linux] {: #gitlab-ci}
+### Gitlab CI [linux] {: #gitlab-ci}
 
 To build Linux wheels on Gitlab CI, create a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file in your repo,
 
@@ -313,15 +314,29 @@ Commit this file, and push to Gitlab. The pipeline should start automatically.
 
 Gitlab will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the Pipelines view. Check out the Gitlab [docs](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/) for more info on this config file.
 
+### Cirrus CI [linux/mac/windows] {: #cirrus-ci}
+
+To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on Cirrus CI, create a `.cirrus.yml` file in your repo,
+
+> .cirrus.yml
+
+```yaml
+{% include "../examples/cirrus-ci-minimal.yml" %}
+```
+
+Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Cirrus CI, and push.
+
+Cirrus CI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the individual task view. Check out the Cirrus CI [docs](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/) for more info on this config file.
+
 > ⚠️ Got an error? Check the [FAQ](faq.md).
 
-# Next steps
+## Next steps
 
 Once you've got the wheel building successfully, you might want to set up [testing](options.md#test-command) or [automatic releases to PyPI](deliver-to-pypi.md#automatic-method).
 
 <script>
   document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
-    $('a.toctree-l3, .rst-content h2').each(function(i, el) {
+    $('.toctree-l3>a, .rst-content h3').each(function(i, el) {
       var text = $(el).text()
       var match = text.match(/(.*) \[([a-z/]+)\]/);
 

docs/theme_overrides/js/theme.js

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+// imported from
+// https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme/blob/bc73ad84068b4ee7d8ddae7e51f5b767e8fd377b/src/theme.js
+// modified to suit our documentation structure, to not scroll the nav sidebar
+// when clicked - this is disorienting
+
+var jQuery = window.jQuery;
+
+// Sphinx theme nav state
+function ThemeNav () {
+
+    var nav = {
+        navBar: null,
+        win: null,
+        winScroll: false,
+        winResize: false,
+        linkScroll: false,
+        winPosition: 0,
+        winHeight: null,
+        docHeight: null,
+        isRunning: false
+    };
+
+    nav.enable = function (withStickyNav) {
+        var self = this;
+
+        // TODO this can likely be removed once the theme javascript is broken
+        // out from the RTD assets. This just ensures old projects that are
+        // calling `enable()` get the sticky menu on by default. All other cals
+        // to `enable` should include an argument for enabling the sticky menu.
+        if (typeof(withStickyNav) == 'undefined') {
+            withStickyNav = true;
+        }
+
+        if (self.isRunning) {
+            // Only allow enabling nav logic once
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self.isRunning = true;
+        jQuery(function ($) {
+            self.init($);
+
+            self.reset();
+            self.win.on('hashchange', self.reset);
+
+            if (withStickyNav) {
+                // Set scroll monitor
+                self.win.on('scroll', function () {
+                    if (!self.linkScroll) {
+                        if (!self.winScroll) {
+                            self.winScroll = true;
+                            requestAnimationFrame(function() { self.onScroll(); });
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+
+            // Set resize monitor
+            self.win.on('resize', function () {
+                if (!self.winResize) {
+                    self.winResize = true;
+                    requestAnimationFrame(function() { self.onResize(); });
+                }
+            });
+
+            self.onResize();
+        });
+
+    };
+
+    // TODO remove this with a split in theme and Read the Docs JS logic as
+    // well, it's only here to support 0.3.0 installs of our theme.
+    nav.enableSticky = function() {
+        this.enable(true);
+    };
+
+    nav.init = function ($) {
+        var doc = $(document),
+            self = this;
+
+        this.navBar = $('div.wy-side-scroll:first');
+        this.win = $(window);
+
+        // Set up javascript UX bits
+        $(document)
+            // Shift nav in mobile when clicking the menu.
+            .on('click', "[data-toggle='wy-nav-top']", function() {
+                $("[data-toggle='wy-nav-shift']").toggleClass("shift");
+                $("[data-toggle='rst-versions']").toggleClass("shift");
+            })
+
+            // Nav menu link click operations
+            .on('click', ".wy-menu-vertical .current ul li a", function() {
+                var target = $(this);
+                // Close menu when you click a link.
+                $("[data-toggle='wy-nav-shift']").removeClass("shift");
+                $("[data-toggle='rst-versions']").toggleClass("shift");
+                // Handle dynamic display of l3 and l4 nav lists
+                self.toggleCurrent(target);
+                self.hashChange();
+            })
+            .on('click', "[data-toggle='rst-current-version']", function() {
+                $("[data-toggle='rst-versions']").toggleClass("shift-up");
+            })
+
+        // Make tables responsive
+        $("table.docutils:not(.field-list,.footnote,.citation)")
+            .wrap("<div class='wy-table-responsive'></div>");
+
+        // Add extra class to responsive tables that contain
+        // footnotes or citations so that we can target them for styling
+        $("table.docutils.footnote")
+            .wrap("<div class='wy-table-responsive footnote'></div>");
+        $("table.docutils.citation")
+            .wrap("<div class='wy-table-responsive citation'></div>");
+
+        // Add expand links to all parents of nested ul
+        $('.wy-menu-vertical ul').not('.simple').siblings('a').each(function () {
+            var link = $(this);
+                expand =
+                    $('<button class="toctree-expand" title="Open/close menu"></button>');
+            expand.on('click', function (ev) {
+                self.toggleCurrent(link);
+                ev.stopPropagation();
+                return false;
+            });
+            link.prepend(expand);
+        });
+    };
+
+    nav.reset = function () {
+        // Get anchor from URL and open up nested nav
+        var anchor = encodeURI(window.location.hash) || '#';
+
+        try {
+            var vmenu = $('.wy-menu-vertical');
+            var link = vmenu.find('[href="' + anchor + '"]');
+            if (link.length === 0) {
+                // this link was not found in the sidebar.
+                // Find associated id element, then its closest section
+                // in the document and try with that one.
+                var id_elt = $('.document [id="' + anchor.substring(1) + '"]');
+                var closest_section = id_elt.closest('div.section');
+                link = vmenu.find('[href="#' + closest_section.attr("id") + '"]');
+                if (link.length === 0) {
+                    // still not found in the sidebar. fall back to main section
+                    link = vmenu.find('[href="#"]');
+                }
+            }
+            // If we found a matching link then reset current and re-apply
+            // otherwise retain the existing match
+            if (link.length > 0) {
+                $('.wy-menu-vertical .current')
+                    .removeClass('current')
+                    .attr('aria-expanded','false');
+                link.addClass('current')
+                    .attr('aria-expanded','true');
+                link.closest('li.toctree-l1')
+                    .parent()
+                    .addClass('current')
+                    .attr('aria-expanded','true');
+                for (let i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
+                    link.closest('li.toctree-l' + i)
+                        .addClass('current')
+                        .attr('aria-expanded','true');
+                }
+
+                // EDIT by joerick
+                console.log('no scroll')
+                // link[0].scrollIntoView();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (err) {
+            console.log("Error expanding nav for anchor", err);
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    nav.onScroll = function () {
+        this.winScroll = false;
+        var newWinPosition = this.win.scrollTop(),
+            winBottom = newWinPosition + this.winHeight,
+            navPosition = this.navBar.scrollTop(),
+            newNavPosition = navPosition + (newWinPosition - this.winPosition);
+        if (newWinPosition < 0 || winBottom > this.docHeight) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this.navBar.scrollTop(newNavPosition);
+        this.winPosition = newWinPosition;
+    };
+
+    nav.onResize = function () {
+        this.winResize = false;
+        this.winHeight = this.win.height();
+        this.docHeight = $(document).height();
+    };
+
+    nav.hashChange = function () {
+        this.linkScroll = true;
+        this.win.one('hashchange', function () {
+            this.linkScroll = false;
+        });
+    };
+
+    nav.toggleCurrent = function (elem) {
+        var parent_li = elem.closest('li');
+        parent_li
+            .siblings('li.current')
+            .removeClass('current')
+            .attr('aria-expanded','false');
+        parent_li
+            .siblings()
+            .find('li.current')
+            .removeClass('current')
+            .attr('aria-expanded','false');
+        var children = parent_li.find('> ul li');
+        // Don't toggle terminal elements.
+        if (children.length) {
+            children
+                .removeClass('current')
+                .attr('aria-expanded','false');
+            parent_li
+                .toggleClass('current')
+                .attr('aria-expanded', function(i, old) {
+                    return old == 'true' ? 'false' : 'true';
+                });
+        }
+    }
+
+    return nav;
+};
+
+const ThemeNavInstance = ThemeNav();
+
+  window.SphinxRtdTheme = {
+      Navigation: ThemeNavInstance,
+      // TODO remove this once static assets are split up between the theme
+      // and Read the Docs. For now, this patches 0.3.0 to be backwards
+      // compatible with a pre-0.3.0 layout.html
+      StickyNav: ThemeNavInstance,
+  };
+
+
+// requestAnimationFrame polyfill by Erik Möller. fixes from Paul Irish and Tino Zijdel
+// https://gist.github.com/paulirish/1579671
+// MIT license
+
+(function() {
+    var lastTime = 0;
+    var vendors = ['ms', 'moz', 'webkit', 'o'];
+    for(var x = 0; x < vendors.length && !window.requestAnimationFrame; ++x) {
+        window.requestAnimationFrame = window[vendors[x]+'RequestAnimationFrame'];
+        window.cancelAnimationFrame = window[vendors[x]+'CancelAnimationFrame']
+                                   || window[vendors[x]+'CancelRequestAnimationFrame'];
+    }
+
+    if (!window.requestAnimationFrame)
+        window.requestAnimationFrame = function(callback, element) {
+            var currTime = new Date().getTime();
+            var timeToCall = Math.max(0, 16 - (currTime - lastTime));
+            var id = window.setTimeout(function() { callback(currTime + timeToCall); },
+              timeToCall);
+            lastTime = currTime + timeToCall;
+            return id;
+        };
+
+    if (!window.cancelAnimationFrame)
+        window.cancelAnimationFrame = function(id) {
+            clearTimeout(id);
+        };
+}());

docs/working-examples.md

@@ -9,31 +9,39 @@ title: Working examples
 | Name                              | CI | OS | Notes |
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
+| [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
 | [Tornado][]                       | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
-| [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | MyPyC, the compiled component of MyPy. |
+| [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
+| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
+| [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
+| [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [pydantic][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Data parsing and validation using Python type hints |
+| [MemRay][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Memray is a memory profiler for Python |
 | [uvloop][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast asyncio event loop. |
 | [psutil][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python |
 | [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
 | [Google Benchmark][]              | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A microbenchmark support library |
-| [Apache Beam][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Apache Beam is a unified programming model for Batch and Streaming |
-| [asyncpg][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio. |
-| [scikit-image][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project that uses Cython with platform-native code.  |
-| [cmake][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an in-process SQL OLAP Database Management System |
+| [Apache Beam][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Apache Beam is a unified programming model for Batch and Streaming data processing. |
+| [asyncpg][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio. |
+| [PyGame][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🐍🎮 pygame (the library) is a Free and Open Source python programming language library for making multimedia applications like games built on top of the excellent SDL library. C, Python, Native, OpenGL. |
+| [cmake][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
+| [scikit-image][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project that uses Cython with platform-native code.  |
 | [twisted-iocpsupport][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] | A submodule of Twisted that hooks into native C APIs using Cython. |
+| [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
 | [websockets][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Library for building WebSocket servers and clients. Mostly written in Python, with a small C 'speedups' extension module.  |
 | [cvxpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A Python-embedded modeling language for convex optimization problems. |
-| [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
 | [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |
+| [UltraJSON][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast JSON decoder and encoder written in C with Python bindings |
 | [River][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🌊 Online machine learning in Python |
 | [OpenSpiel][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | OpenSpiel is a collection of environments and algorithms for research in general reinforcement learning and search/planning in games. |
 | [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython and CFFI.  |
 | [aiortc][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebRTC and ORTC implementation for Python using asyncio. |
-| [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
 | [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
+| [Implicit][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes GPU support for linux wheels |
+| [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
 | [tinyobjloader][]                 | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tiny but powerful single file wavefront obj loader |
 | [Dependency Injector][]           | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Dependency injection framework for Python, uses Windows TravisCI |
 | [coverage.py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The coverage tool for Python |
@@ -41,87 +49,103 @@ title: Working examples
 | [PyYAML][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] | Canonical source repository for PyYAML |
 | [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, PyTables, pandas, bcolz and more |
 | [h5py][]                          | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | HDF5 for Python -- The h5py package is a Pythonic interface to the HDF5 binary data format. |
+| [Wrapt][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python module for decorators, wrappers and monkey patching. |
 | [PyAV][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries. |
-| [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
+| [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
+| [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by qpdf |
 | [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
+| [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
 | [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
 | [OpenTimelineIO][]                | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Open Source API and interchange format for editorial timeline information. |
-| [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by qpdf |
-| [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
 | [aioquic][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | QUIC and HTTP/3 implementation in Python |
+| [envd][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | 🏕️ Development environment for AI/ML, based on buildkit |
+| [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
+| [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
 | [DeepForest][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | An Efficient, Scalable and Optimized Python Framework for Deep Forest (2021.2.1) |
 | [google neuroglancer][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebGL-based viewer for volumetric data |
-| [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
 | [Parselmouth][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python interface to the Praat software package, using pybind11, C++17 and CMake, with the core Praat static library built only once and shared between wheels. |
 | [AutoPy][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [H3-py][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for H3, a hierarchical hexagonal geospatial indexing system |
-| [markupsafe][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup. |
 | [Rtree][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Rtree: spatial index for Python GIS ¶ |
+| [markupsafe][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup. |
 | [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
-| [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
 | [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
+| [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
 | [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
 | [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
 | [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
 | [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
-| [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
-| [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
-| [time-machine][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Time mocking library using only the CPython C API. |
-| [abess][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions. |
 | [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures. |
+| [time-machine][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Time mocking library using only the CPython C API. |
+| [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
+| [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
 | [matrixprofile][]                 | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python 3 library making time series data mining tasks, utilizing matrix profile algorithms, accessible to everyone. |
+| [abess][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions. |
 | [jq.py][]                         | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for jq |
 | [iminuit][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Jupyter-friendly Python interface for C++ MINUIT2 |
 | [Tokenizer][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast and customizable text tokenization library with BPE and SentencePiece support |
 | [PyGLM][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Fast OpenGL Mathematics (GLM) for Python |
+| [mosec][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A high-performance serving framework for ML models, offers dynamic batching and multi-stage pipeline to fully exploit your compute machine |
 | [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
 | [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
-| [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
+| [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
+| [Python-WebRTC][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | a Python extension that provides bindings to WebRTC M92 |
 | [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast Base64 encoding/decoding in Python |
 | [Arbor][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Arbor is a multi-compartment neuron simulation library; compatible with next-generation accelerators; best-practices applied to research software; focused on community-driven development. Includes a [small script](https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor/blob/master/scripts/patchwheel.py) patching `rpath` in bundled libraries.  |
-| [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
 | [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
-| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
+| [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
 | [polaroid][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Full range of wheels for setuptools rust, with auto release and PyPI deploy. |
-| [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
-| [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
-| [clang-format][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels. |
-| [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
-| [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
-| [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
+| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
 | [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python CFFI binding to libheif library with third party dependencies like `libde265`, `x265`, `libaom` with test & publishing on PyPi. |
-| [pyinstrument_cext][]             | ![travisci icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A simple C extension, without external dependencies |
-| [xmlstarlet][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python 3.6+ CFFI bindings with true MSVC build. |
+| [power-grid-model][]              | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis |
+| [cf-units][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Units of measure as required by the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions |
+| [clang-format][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels. |
+| [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
+| [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
+| [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
+| [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
+| [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
 | [CorrectionLib][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Structured JSON powered correction library for HEP, designed for the CMS experiment at CERN. |
+| [pyinstrument_cext][]             | ![travisci icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A simple C extension, without external dependencies |
 | [SiPM][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | High performance library for SiPM detectors simulation using C++17, OpenMP and AVX2 intrinsics. |
+| [xmlstarlet][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python 3.6+ CFFI bindings with true MSVC build. |
+| [ril][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A python binding to Rust Imaging library using maturin and Pyo3, utilizes Github Action cache to improve speed. Builds abi3 wheels. |
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
+[NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
+[NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
+[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
+[Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [pydantic]: https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic
+[MemRay]: https://github.com/bloomberg/memray
 [uvloop]: https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop
 [psutil]: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
 [vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
 [Google Benchmark]: https://github.com/google/benchmark
+[duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
 [Apache Beam]: https://github.com/apache/beam
 [asyncpg]: https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg
-[scikit-image]: https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image
+[PyGame]: https://github.com/pygame/pygame
 [cmake]: https://github.com/scikit-build/cmake-python-distributions
-[duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
+[scikit-image]: https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image
 [twisted-iocpsupport]: https://github.com/twisted/twisted-iocpsupport
+[PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
 [websockets]: https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets
 [cvxpy]: https://github.com/cvxpy/cvxpy
-[PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
 [Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton
+[UltraJSON]: https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson
 [River]: https://github.com/online-ml/river
 [OpenSpiel]: https://github.com/deepmind/open_spiel
 [pyzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq
 [aiortc]: https://github.com/aiortc/aiortc
-[vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
 [Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
+[Implicit]: https://github.com/benfred/implicit
+[vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
 [tinyobjloader]: https://github.com/tinyobjloader/tinyobjloader
 [Dependency Injector]: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 [coverage.py]: https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy
@@ -129,60 +153,68 @@ title: Working examples
 [PyYAML]: https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
 [numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
 [h5py]: https://github.com/h5py/h5py
+[Wrapt]: https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
 [PyAV]: https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV
-[OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
+[SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
+[pikepdf]: https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf
 [Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
+[OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
 [PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
 [OpenTimelineIO]: https://github.com/PixarAnimationStudios/OpenTimelineIO
-[pikepdf]: https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf
-[ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
 [aioquic]: https://github.com/aiortc/aioquic
+[envd]: https://github.com/tensorchord/envd
+[ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
+[Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
 [DeepForest]: https://github.com/LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
 [google neuroglancer]: https://github.com/google/neuroglancer
-[Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
 [Parselmouth]: https://github.com/YannickJadoul/Parselmouth
 [AutoPy]: https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy
 [H3-py]: https://github.com/uber/h3-py
-[markupsafe]: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
 [Rtree]: https://github.com/Toblerity/rtree
+[markupsafe]: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
 [python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
-[python-snappy]: https://github.com/andrix/python-snappy
 [pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
+[python-snappy]: https://github.com/andrix/python-snappy
 [KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
 [tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
 [pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
 [dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
-[cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
-[sourmash]: https://github.com/dib-lab/sourmash
-[time-machine]: https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine
-[abess]: https://github.com/abess-team/abess
 [CTranslate2]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/CTranslate2
+[time-machine]: https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine
+[sourmash]: https://github.com/dib-lab/sourmash
+[cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
 [matrixprofile]: https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile
+[abess]: https://github.com/abess-team/abess
 [jq.py]: https://github.com/mwilliamson/jq.py
 [iminuit]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/iminuit
 [Tokenizer]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/Tokenizer
 [PyGLM]: https://github.com/Zuzu-Typ/PyGLM
+[mosec]: https://github.com/mosecorg/mosec
 [bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
 [boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
-[iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
+[iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
+[Python-WebRTC]: https://github.com/MarshalX/python-webrtc
 [pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
 [Arbor]: https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor
-[etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
 [fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
-[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
+[etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
 [polaroid]: https://github.com/daggy1234/polaroid
-[numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
-[pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
-[clang-format]: https://github.com/ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
-[ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
-[pybind11 scikit_build_example]: https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example
-[GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd
+[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
 [pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
-[pyinstrument_cext]: https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument_cext
-[xmlstarlet]: https://github.com/dimitern/xmlstarlet
+[power-grid-model]: https://github.com/alliander-opensource/power-grid-model
+[cf-units]: https://github.com/SciTools/cf-units
+[clang-format]: https://github.com/ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
+[numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
+[pybind11 scikit_build_example]: https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example
+[pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
+[ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
+[GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd
 [CorrectionLib]: https://github.com/cms-nanoAOD/correctionlib
+[pyinstrument_cext]: https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument_cext
 [SiPM]: https://github.com/EdoPro98/SimSiPM
+[xmlstarlet]: https://github.com/dimitern/xmlstarlet
+[ril]: https://github.com/Cryptex-github/ril-py
 
 [appveyor icon]: data/readme_icons/appveyor.svg
 [github icon]: data/readme_icons/github.svg
@@ -190,97 +222,114 @@ title: Working examples
 [circleci icon]: data/readme_icons/circleci.svg
 [gitlab icon]: data/readme_icons/gitlab.svg
 [travisci icon]: data/readme_icons/travisci.svg
+[cirrusci icon]: data/readme_icons/cirrusci.svg
 [windows icon]: data/readme_icons/windows.svg
 [apple icon]: data/readme_icons/apple.svg
 [linux icon]: data/readme_icons/linux.svg
 
-<!-- scikit-learn: 49555, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Tornado: 20477, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- pytorch-fairseq: 16526, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- Matplotlib: 15257, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- MyPy: 12783, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pydantic: 9538, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- uvloop: 8496, last pushed 85 days ago -->
-<!-- psutil: 8240, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- vaex: 6968, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Google Benchmark: 6312, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Apache Beam: 5409, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- asyncpg: 5394, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- scikit-image: 4842, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- cmake: 4616, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- duckdb: 4607, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- twisted-iocpsupport: 4550, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- websockets: 3862, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- cvxpy: 3840, last pushed 5 days ago -->
-<!-- PyOxidizer: 3571, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Triton: 3552, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- River: 3261, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- OpenSpiel: 3129, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- pyzmq: 3057, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- aiortc: 2857, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- vispy: 2836, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Confluent client for Kafka: 2699, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- tinyobjloader: 2460, last pushed 95 days ago -->
-<!-- Dependency Injector: 1986, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- coverage.py: 1972, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- PyCryptodome: 1961, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- PyYAML: 1785, last pushed 9 days ago -->
-<!-- numexpr: 1741, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- h5py: 1703, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- PyAV: 1503, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- OpenColorIO: 1275, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Line Profiler: 1140, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- PyTables: 1113, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- OpenTimelineIO: 1023, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pikepdf: 982, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- ruptures: 930, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- aioquic: 893, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- DeepForest: 737, last pushed 252 days ago -->
-<!-- google neuroglancer: 725, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- Psycopg 3: 638, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Parselmouth: 634, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- AutoPy: 629, last pushed 97 days ago -->
-<!-- H3-py: 498, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- markupsafe: 459, last pushed 17 days ago -->
-<!-- Rtree: 456, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- python-rapidjson: 447, last pushed 23 days ago -->
-<!-- python-snappy: 426, last pushed 15 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 cmake_example: 380, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- KDEpy: 356, last pushed 50 days ago -->
-<!-- tgcalls: 346, last pushed 83 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 python_example: 312, last pushed 81 days ago -->
-<!-- dd-trace-py: 300, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- cyvcf2: 294, last pushed 17 days ago -->
-<!-- sourmash: 281, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- time-machine: 274, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- abess: 258, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- CTranslate2: 254, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- matrixprofile: 250, last pushed 279 days ago -->
-<!-- jq.py: 206, last pushed 54 days ago -->
-<!-- iminuit: 197, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- Tokenizer: 169, last pushed 25 days ago -->
-<!-- PyGLM: 133, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- bx-python: 113, last pushed 86 days ago -->
-<!-- boost-histogram: 107, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- iDynTree: 98, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- TgCrypto: 94, last pushed 28 days ago -->
-<!-- pybase64: 82, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- Arbor: 70, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- etebase-py: 56, last pushed 95 days ago -->
-<!-- fathon: 43, last pushed 134 days ago -->
-<!-- Imagecodecs (fork): 41, last pushed 32 days ago -->
-<!-- polaroid: 35, last pushed 110 days ago -->
-<!-- numpythia: 33, last pushed 34 days ago -->
-<!-- pyjet: 32, last pushed 34 days ago -->
-<!-- clang-format: 32, last pushed 38 days ago -->
-<!-- ninja: 23, last pushed 10 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 scikit_build_example: 21, last pushed 51 days ago -->
-<!-- GSD: 19, last pushed 87 days ago -->
-<!-- pillow-heif: 16, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pyinstrument_cext: 10, last pushed 175 days ago -->
-<!-- xmlstarlet: 8, last pushed 11 days ago -->
-<!-- CorrectionLib: 8, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- SiPM: 5, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- scikit-learn: 51616, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- NumPy: 21640, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Tornado: 20782, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- pytorch-fairseq: 19374, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Matplotlib: 16230, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- NCNN: 15677, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Kivy: 15103, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- Prophet: 14975, last pushed 18 days ago -->
+<!-- MyPy: 13907, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pydantic: 11233, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- MemRay: 9338, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- uvloop: 8927, last pushed 8 days ago -->
+<!-- psutil: 8752, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- vaex: 7335, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- Google Benchmark: 6899, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- duckdb: 6753, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Apache Beam: 5927, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- asyncpg: 5661, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- PyGame: 5272, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- cmake: 5138, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- scikit-image: 5073, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- twisted-iocpsupport: 4778, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- PyOxidizer: 4339, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- websockets: 4192, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- cvxpy: 4115, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Triton: 4085, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- UltraJSON: 3863, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- River: 3723, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenSpiel: 3334, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pyzmq: 3173, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- aiortc: 3089, last pushed 11 days ago -->
+<!-- Confluent client for Kafka: 2976, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- Implicit: 2963, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- vispy: 2941, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- tinyobjloader: 2666, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Dependency Injector: 2411, last pushed 31 days ago -->
+<!-- coverage.py: 2222, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- PyCryptodome: 2143, last pushed 9 days ago -->
+<!-- PyYAML: 1951, last pushed 8 days ago -->
+<!-- numexpr: 1822, last pushed 34 days ago -->
+<!-- h5py: 1789, last pushed 8 days ago -->
+<!-- Wrapt: 1764, last pushed 46 days ago -->
+<!-- PyAV: 1677, last pushed 17 days ago -->
+<!-- SimpleJSON: 1525, last pushed 100 days ago -->
+<!-- pikepdf: 1522, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- Line Profiler: 1405, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenColorIO: 1374, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- PyTables: 1151, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenTimelineIO: 1105, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- aioquic: 1084, last pushed 8 days ago -->
+<!-- envd: 1068, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- ruptures: 1055, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- Psycopg 3: 801, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- DeepForest: 783, last pushed 9 days ago -->
+<!-- google neuroglancer: 763, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- Parselmouth: 713, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- AutoPy: 678, last pushed 19 days ago -->
+<!-- H3-py: 566, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Rtree: 504, last pushed 14 days ago -->
+<!-- markupsafe: 497, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- python-rapidjson: 460, last pushed 81 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 cmake_example: 452, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- python-snappy: 445, last pushed 207 days ago -->
+<!-- KDEpy: 407, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- tgcalls: 392, last pushed 100 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 python_example: 366, last pushed 13 days ago -->
+<!-- dd-trace-py: 363, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- CTranslate2: 344, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- time-machine: 339, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- sourmash: 325, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- cyvcf2: 305, last pushed 11 days ago -->
+<!-- matrixprofile: 289, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- abess: 288, last pushed 28 days ago -->
+<!-- jq.py: 233, last pushed 20 days ago -->
+<!-- iminuit: 213, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- Tokenizer: 191, last pushed 26 days ago -->
+<!-- PyGLM: 151, last pushed 195 days ago -->
+<!-- mosec: 120, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- bx-python: 119, last pushed 42 days ago -->
+<!-- boost-histogram: 116, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- TgCrypto: 113, last pushed 219 days ago -->
+<!-- iDynTree: 109, last pushed 24 days ago -->
+<!-- Python-WebRTC: 95, last pushed 213 days ago -->
+<!-- pybase64: 89, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- Arbor: 81, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- fathon: 72, last pushed 129 days ago -->
+<!-- etebase-py: 58, last pushed 95 days ago -->
+<!-- polaroid: 56, last pushed 151 days ago -->
+<!-- Imagecodecs (fork): 50, last pushed 13 days ago -->
+<!-- pillow-heif: 49, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- power-grid-model: 49, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- cf-units: 49, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- clang-format: 44, last pushed 8 days ago -->
+<!-- numpythia: 35, last pushed 8 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 scikit_build_example: 34, last pushed 13 days ago -->
+<!-- pyjet: 33, last pushed 8 days ago -->
+<!-- ninja: 26, last pushed 11 days ago -->
+<!-- GSD: 19, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- CorrectionLib: 11, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- pyinstrument_cext: 10, last pushed 366 days ago -->
+<!-- SiPM: 10, last pushed 130 days ago -->
+<!-- xmlstarlet: 8, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- ril: 8, last pushed 26 days ago -->
 
 <!-- END bin/projects.py -->
 

examples/appveyor-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ stack: python 3.7
 init:
 - cmd: set PATH=C:\Python37;C:\Python37\Scripts;%PATH%
 
-install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
 
 build_script: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
 

examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 jobs:
 - job: linux
-  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-16.04'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-20.04'}
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ jobs:
       inputs: {pathtoPublish: 'wheelhouse'}
 
 - job: macos
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-10.15'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-11'}
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+        pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels

examples/circleci-minimal.yml

@@ -4,18 +4,35 @@ jobs:
   linux-wheels:
     working_directory: ~/linux-wheels
     docker:
-      - image: circleci/python:3.6
+      - image: circleci/python:3.9
     steps:
       - checkout
       - setup_remote_docker
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux wheels.
           command: |
-            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.11.0
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
 
+  linux-aarch64-wheels:
+    working_directory: ~/linux-aarch64-wheels
+    machine:
+      image: ubuntu-2004:2022.04.1
+    # resource_class is what tells CircleCI to use an ARM worker for native arm builds
+    # https://circleci.com/product/features/resource-classes/
+    resource_class: arm.medium
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - run:
+          name: Build the Linux aarch64 wheels.
+          command: |
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==2.11.0
+            python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+      - store_artifacts:
+          path: wheelhouse/
+
   osx-wheels:
     working_directory: ~/osx-wheels
     macos:
@@ -25,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the OS X wheels.
           command: |
-            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -35,4 +52,5 @@ workflows:
   all-tests:
     jobs:
       - linux-wheels
+      - linux-aarch64-wheels
       - osx-wheels

examples/cirrus-ci-intel-mac.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
+  install_cibuildwheel_script:
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
+  run_cibuildwheel_script:
+    - cibuildwheel
+  wheels_artifacts:
+    path: "wheelhouse/*"
+
+
+macos_task:
+  name: Build macOS x86_64 and arm64 wheels.
+  macos_instance:
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
+
+  env:
+    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
+    CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 arm64
+  install_pre_requirements_script:
+    - brew install python@3.10
+    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
+  <<: *BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS

examples/cirrus-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
+  install_cibuildwheel_script:
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
+  run_cibuildwheel_script:
+    - cibuildwheel
+  wheels_artifacts:
+    path: "wheelhouse/*"
+
+
+linux_x86_task:
+  name: Build Linux x86 wheels.
+  compute_engine_instance:
+    image_project: cirrus-images
+    image: family/docker-builder
+    platform: linux
+    cpu: 4
+    memory: 4G
+
+  install_pre_requirements_script:
+    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
+  <<: *BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
+
+linux_aarch64_task:
+  name: Build Linux aarch64 wheels.
+  compute_engine_instance:
+    image_project: cirrus-images
+    image: family/docker-builder-arm64
+    architecture: arm64
+    platform: linux
+    cpu: 4
+    memory: 4G
+
+  install_pre_requirements_script:
+    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
+  <<: *BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
+
+windows_x86_task:
+  name: Build Windows x86 wheels.
+  windows_container:
+    image: cirrusci/windowsservercore:visualstudio2022
+    cpu: 4
+    memory: 4G
+
+  install_pre_requirements_script:
+    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.10.6
+    - refreshenv
+    - echo PATH=%PATH% >> "%CIRRUS_ENV%"
+  <<: *BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
+
+macos_arm64_task:
+  name: Build macOS arm64 wheels.
+  macos_instance:
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
+
+  env:
+    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
+  install_pre_requirements_script:
+    - brew install python@3.10
+    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
+  <<: *BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS

examples/github-apple-silicon.yml

@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ on: [push, pull_request]
 
 jobs:
   build_wheels_macos:
-    name: Build wheels on macos-10.15
-    runs-on: macos-10.15
+    name: Build wheels on macos-11
+    runs-on: macos-11
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.4.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.11.0
         env:
-          CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2
+          CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 arm64
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl

examples/github-deploy.yml

@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.4.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.11.0
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ jobs:
     name: Build source distribution
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: Build sdist
         run: pipx run build --sdist
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           path: dist/*.tar.gz
 
@@ -49,12 +49,14 @@ jobs:
     # alternatively, to publish when a GitHub Release is created, use the following rule:
     # if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
         with:
+          # unpacks default artifact into dist/
+          # if `name: artifact` is omitted, the action will create extra parent dir
           name: artifact
           path: dist
 
-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.4.2
+      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.0
         with:
           user: __token__
           password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}

examples/github-minimal.yml

@@ -8,17 +8,21 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.4.0
-        # to supply options, put them in 'env', like:
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.11.0
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
+        #    ...
+        # with:
+        #   package-dir: .
+        #   output-dir: wheelhouse
+        #   config-file: "{package}/pyproject.toml"
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl

examples/github-with-qemu.yml

@@ -8,29 +8,24 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-        name: Install Python
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.7'
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
         with:
           platforms: all
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.4.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.11.0
         env:
           # configure cibuildwheel to build native archs ('auto'), and some
           # emulated ones
           CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: auto aarch64 ppc64le s390x
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl

examples/gitlab-minimal.yml

@@ -12,8 +12,22 @@ linux:
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:
     paths:
       - wheelhouse/
+
+windows:
+  image: mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:1809
+  before_script:
+    - choco install python -y --version 3.8.6
+    - choco install git.install -y
+    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
+  script:
+    - py -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform windows
+  artifacts:
+    paths:
+      - wheelhouse/
+  tags:
+    - windows

examples/gitlab-with-qemu.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+linux:
+  image: python:3.8
+  # make a docker daemon available for cibuildwheel to use
+  services:
+    - name: docker:dind
+      entrypoint: ["env", "-u", "DOCKER_HOST"]
+      command: ["dockerd-entrypoint.sh"]
+  variables:
+    DOCKER_HOST: tcp://docker:2375/
+    DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
+    # See https://github.com/docker-library/docker/pull/166
+    DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
+  script:
+    - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
+    # Warning: This is extremely slow, be careful with how many wheels you build
+    - docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
+    # Assuming your CI runner's default architecture is x86_64...
+    - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform linux --archs aarch64
+  artifacts:
+    paths:
+      - wheelhouse/

examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 os: linux
 dist: focal
 language: python
+python: "3.9"
 
 jobs:
   include:
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
         - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
 
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
 
 script:
   # build the wheels, put them into './dist'

examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 os: linux
 dist: focal
 language: python
+python: "3.9"
 
 jobs:
   include:
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
         - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
 
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0
 
 script:
   # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'

examples/travis-ci-test-and-deploy.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ os: linux
 dist: focal
 language: python
 python:
-  - 3.6
   - 3.7
   - 3.8
 
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
     - stage: deploy
       name: Build and deploy Linux wheels
       services: docker
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0 twine
       script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
     # Deploy on windows
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
       name: Build and deploy Windows wheels
       os: windows
       language: shell
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.0 twine
       script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
 

mkdocs.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ theme:
   highlightjs: true
   hljs_languages:
       - yaml
+  collapse_navigation: false
+  navigation_depth: 3
+  custom_dir: docs/theme_overrides
 repo_url: https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel
 edit_uri: edit/main/docs/
 
@@ -14,6 +17,7 @@ extra_css:
 extra_javascript:
   - extra.js
 
+
 nav:
   - Home: index.md
   - setup.md

noxfile.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
@@ -7,7 +9,7 @@ import nox
 
 nox.options.sessions = ["lint", "pylint", "check_manifest", "tests"]
 
-PYTHON_ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
+PYTHON_ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
 
 DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
 
@@ -63,8 +65,27 @@ def update_constraints(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     """
     Update the dependencies inplace.
     """
-    session.install("requests", "pip-tools")
-    session.run("python", "bin/update_dependencies.py")
+    session.install("pip-tools")
+    assert isinstance(session.python, str)
+    python_version = session.python.replace(".", "")
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    # CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND is a pip-compile option that tells users how to
+    # regenerate the constraints files
+    env["CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND"] = f"nox -s {session.name}"
+    session.run(
+        "pip-compile",
+        "--allow-unsafe",
+        "--upgrade",
+        "cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in",
+        f"--output-file=cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python{python_version}.txt",
+        env=env,
+    )
+    if session.python == PYTHON_ALL_VERSIONS[-1]:
+        RESOURCES = DIR / "cibuildwheel" / "resources"
+        shutil.copyfile(
+            RESOURCES / f"constraints-python{python_version}.txt",
+            RESOURCES / "constraints.txt",
+        )
 
 
 @nox.session
@@ -92,12 +113,13 @@ def update_proj(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     )
 
 
-@nox.session
+@nox.session(python="3.9")
 def docs(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     """
     Build the docs.
     """
     session.install("-e", ".[docs]")
+    session.run("pip", "list")
 
     if session.posargs:
         if "serve" in session.posargs:

pyproject.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [tool.black]
 line-length = 100
-target-version = ['py36', 'py37', 'py38', 'py39', 'py310']
+target-version = ['py37', 'py38', 'py39', 'py310']
 
 
 [tool.isort]
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ module = [
     "setuptools",
     "pytest", # ignored in pre-commit to speed up check
     "bashlex",
+    "bashlex.*",
     "importlib_resources",
-    "ghapi.*",
 ]
 ignore_missing_imports = true
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ ignore = [
 ]
 
 [tool.pylint]
-master.py-version = "3.6"
+master.py-version = "3.7"
 master.jobs = "0"
 master.fail-on = ["E", "F"]
 master.fail-under = "9.8"

setup.cfg

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [metadata]
 name = cibuildwheel
-version = 2.4.0
+version = 2.11.0
 description = Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration.
 long_description = file: README.md
 long_description_content_type = text/markdown
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ classifiers =
     Natural Language :: English
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
@@ -35,12 +34,11 @@ install_requires =
     bracex
     certifi
     filelock
-    packaging
+    packaging>=20.9
     platformdirs
-    tomli
-    dataclasses;python_version < '3.7'
-    typing-extensions>=3.10.0.0;python_version < '3.8'
-python_requires = >=3.6
+    tomli;python_version < '3.11'
+    typing-extensions>=4.1.0;python_version < '3.11'
+python_requires = >=3.7
 include_package_data = True
 zip_safe = False
 
@@ -56,8 +54,8 @@ console_scripts =
 cibuildwheel = resources/*
 
 [flake8]
-ignore = E501,W503,E741,E226,B950,E203
-select = C,E,F,W,B,B9
+extend-ignore = E203,E501,B950,B023
+extend-select = B9
 application-import-names = cibuildwheel
 exclude =
     cibuildwheel/resources/,

setup.py

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from setuptools import setup
 
 extras = {
     "docs": [
         "mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin==2.8.0",
-        "mkdocs==1.0.4",
-        "jinja2==3.0.3",
+        "mkdocs==1.3.1",
+        "jinja2>=3.1.2",
         "pymdown-extensions",
         "mkdocs-macros-plugin",
     ],
@@ -13,10 +15,11 @@ extras = {
         "pytest>=6",
         "pytest-timeout",
         "pytest-xdist",
+        "build",
+        "tomli_w",
     ],
     "bin": [
         "click",
-        "ghapi",
         "pip-tools",
         "pygithub",
         "pyyaml",
@@ -42,6 +45,4 @@ extras["dev"] = [
     *extras["bin"],
 ]
 
-extras["all"] = sum(extras.values(), [])
-
 setup(extras_require=extras)

test/conftest.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Dict
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -7,24 +7,17 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser) -> None:
     parser.addoption(
         "--run-emulation", action="store_true", default=False, help="run emulation tests"
     )
-
-
-def pytest_configure(config):
-    config.addinivalue_line("markers", "emulation: mark test requiring qemu binfmt_misc to run")
-
-
-def pytest_collection_modifyitems(config, items) -> None:
-    if config.getoption("--run-emulation"):
-        # --run-emulation given in cli: do not skip emulation tests
-        return
-    skip_emulation = pytest.mark.skip(reason="need --run-emulation option to run")
-    for item in items:
-        if "emulation" in item.keywords:
-            item.add_marker(skip_emulation)
+    parser.addoption("--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests")
+    parser.addoption(
+        "--run-cp38-universal2",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="macOS cp38 uses the universal2 installer",
+    )
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(
     params=[{"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": "pip"}, {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": "build"}], ids=["pip", "build"]
 )
-def build_frontend_env(request) -> Dict[str, str]:
+def build_frontend_env(request) -> dict[str, str]:
     return request.param  # type: ignore[no-any-return]

test/test_0_basic.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import textwrap
 
 import pytest
@@ -59,3 +61,19 @@ def test_build_identifiers(tmp_path):
     assert len(expected_wheels) == len(
         build_identifiers
     ), f"{expected_wheels} vs {build_identifiers}"
+
+
+def test_allow_empty(tmp_path):
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    basic_project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    # Sanity check - --allow-empty should cause a no-op build to complete
+    # without error
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+        project_dir,
+        add_env={"CIBW_BUILD": "BUILD_NOTHING_AT_ALL"},
+        add_args=["--allow-empty"],
+    )
+
+    # check that nothing was built
+    assert len(actual_wheels) == 0

test/test_abi_variants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import textwrap
+
+from . import test_projects, utils
+
+limited_api_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
+    setup_py_add=textwrap.dedent(
+        r"""
+        cmdclass = {}
+        extension_kwargs = {}
+        if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 8):
+            from wheel.bdist_wheel import bdist_wheel as _bdist_wheel
+
+            class bdist_wheel_abi3(_bdist_wheel):
+                def finalize_options(self):
+                    _bdist_wheel.finalize_options(self)
+                    self.root_is_pure = False
+
+                def get_tag(self):
+                    python, abi, plat = _bdist_wheel.get_tag(self)
+                    return python, "abi3", plat
+
+            cmdclass["bdist_wheel"] = bdist_wheel_abi3
+            extension_kwargs["define_macros"] = [("Py_LIMITED_API", "0x03080000")]
+            extension_kwargs["py_limited_api"] = True
+    """
+    ),
+    setup_py_extension_args_add="**extension_kwargs",
+    setup_py_setup_args_add="cmdclass=cmdclass",
+)
+
+
+def test_abi3(tmp_path):
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    limited_api_project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    # build the wheels
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+        project_dir,
+        add_env={
+            "CIBW_SKIP": "pp* ",  # PyPy does not have a Py_LIMITED_API equivalent
+        },
+    )
+
+    # check that the expected wheels are produced
+    expected_wheels = [
+        w.replace("cp38-cp38", "cp38-abi3")
+        for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0")
+        if "-pp" not in w and "-cp39" not in w and "-cp310" not in w and "-cp311" not in w
+    ]
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+
+ctypes_project = test_projects.TestProject()
+ctypes_project.files["setup.py"] = textwrap.dedent(
+    """
+    from setuptools import setup, Extension
+
+    from distutils.command.build_ext import build_ext as _build_ext
+    class CTypesExtension(Extension): pass
+    class build_ext(_build_ext):
+        def build_extension(self, ext):
+            self._ctypes = isinstance(ext, CTypesExtension)
+            return super().build_extension(ext)
+
+        def get_export_symbols(self, ext):
+            if self._ctypes:
+                return ext.export_symbols
+            return super().get_export_symbols(ext)
+
+        def get_ext_filename(self, ext_name):
+            if self._ctypes:
+                return ext_name + '.so'
+            return super().get_ext_filename(ext_name)
+
+    from wheel.bdist_wheel import bdist_wheel as _bdist_wheel
+    class bdist_wheel_abi_none(_bdist_wheel):
+        def finalize_options(self):
+            _bdist_wheel.finalize_options(self)
+            self.root_is_pure = False
+
+        def get_tag(self):
+            python, abi, plat = _bdist_wheel.get_tag(self)
+            return "py3", "none", plat
+
+    setup(
+        name="ctypesexample",
+        version="1.0.0",
+        py_modules = ["ctypesexample.summing"],
+        ext_modules=[
+            CTypesExtension(
+                "ctypesexample.csumlib",
+                ["ctypesexample/csumlib.c"],
+            ),
+        ],
+        cmdclass={'build_ext': build_ext, 'bdist_wheel': bdist_wheel_abi_none},
+    )
+    """
+)
+ctypes_project.files["ctypesexample/csumlib.c"] = textwrap.dedent(
+    """
+    #ifdef _WIN32
+    #define LIBRARY_API __declspec(dllexport)
+    #else
+    #define LIBRARY_API
+    #endif
+
+    #include <stdlib.h>
+
+
+    LIBRARY_API double *add_vec3(double *a, double *b)
+    {
+        double *res = malloc(sizeof(double) * 3);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+        {
+            res[i] = a[i] + b[i];
+        }
+
+        return res;
+    }
+    """
+)
+ctypes_project.files["ctypesexample/summing.py"] = textwrap.dedent(
+    """
+    import ctypes
+    import pathlib
+
+    # path of the shared library
+    libfile = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / "csumlib.so"
+    csumlib = ctypes.CDLL(str(libfile))
+
+    type_vec3 = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_double * 3)
+
+    csumlib.add_vec3.restype = type_vec3
+    csumlib.add_vec3.argtypes = [type_vec3, type_vec3]
+    def add(a: list, b: list) -> list:
+        a_p = (ctypes.c_double * 3)(*a)
+        b_p = (ctypes.c_double * 3)(*b)
+        r_p = csumlib.add_vec3(a_p,b_p)
+
+        return [l for l in r_p.contents]
+    """
+)
+
+ctypes_project.files["test/add_test.py"] = textwrap.dedent(
+    """
+    import ctypesexample.summing
+
+    def test():
+        a = [1, 2, 3]
+        b = [4, 5, 6]
+        assert ctypesexample.summing.add(a, b) == [5, 7, 9]
+    """
+)
+
+
+def test_abi_none(tmp_path, capfd):
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    ctypes_project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    # build the wheels
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+        project_dir,
+        add_env={
+            "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": "pytest",
+            "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": "pytest {project}/test",
+            # limit the number of builds for test performance reasons
+            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp38-* cp310-* pp39-*",
+        },
+    )
+
+    # check that the expected wheels are produced
+    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels("ctypesexample", "1.0.0", python_abi_tags=["py3-none"])
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+    # check that each wheel was built once, and reused
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+    assert "Building wheel..." in captured.out
+    assert "Found previously built wheel" in captured.out

test/test_before_all.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
 

test/test_before_build.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
 

test/test_before_test.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from . import test_projects, utils
 
 before_test_project = test_projects.new_c_project()

test/test_build_skip.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import textwrap
 
 from . import test_projects, utils

test/test_container_images.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import platform
 import textwrap
 

test/test_cpp_standards.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 
 import jinja2

test/test_dependency_versions.py

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import platform
 import re
 import textwrap
 
@@ -58,6 +61,8 @@ def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env):
     build_environment = {}
 
     if python_version == "3.6":
+        if utils.platform == "macos" and platform.machine() == "arm64":
+            pytest.skip("macOS arm64 does not support Python 3.6")
         constraint_filename = "constraints-python36.txt"
         build_pattern = "[cp]p36-*"
     elif python_version == "3.7":
@@ -103,7 +108,8 @@ def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env):
             w for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0") if "-cp39" in w or "-pp39" in w
         ]
     else:
-        raise ValueError("unhandled python version")
+        msg = "unhandled python version"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
 
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
@@ -118,7 +124,7 @@ def test_dependency_constraints_file(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
     tool_versions = {
         "pip": "20.0.2",
         "setuptools": "53.0.0",
-        "wheel": "0.34.2",
+        "wheel": "0.36.2",
         "virtualenv": "20.11.2",
     }
 

test/test_emulation.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import subprocess
 
 import pytest
@@ -17,8 +19,10 @@ def test_spam():
 """
 
 
-@pytest.mark.emulation
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path, request):
+    if not request.config.getoption("--run-emulation"):
+        pytest.skip("needs --run-emulation option to run")
+
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_a_test.generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_environment.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 import subprocess
+import sys
 import textwrap
 
 import pytest
@@ -33,6 +36,7 @@ project_with_environment_asserts = test_projects.new_c_project(
 
 
 def test(tmp_path):
+    python_echo = f"'{sys.executable}' -c \"import sys; print(*sys.argv[1:])\""
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_environment_asserts.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -43,7 +47,7 @@ def test(tmp_path):
         project_dir,
         add_env={
             "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT": """CIBW_TEST_VAR="a b c" CIBW_TEST_VAR_2=1 CIBW_TEST_VAR_3="$(echo 'test string 3')" PATH=$PATH:/opt/cibw_test_path""",
-            "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_WINDOWS": '''CIBW_TEST_VAR="a b c" CIBW_TEST_VAR_2=1 CIBW_TEST_VAR_3="$(echo 'test string 3')" PATH="$PATH;/opt/cibw_test_path"''',
+            "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_WINDOWS": f'''CIBW_TEST_VAR="a b c" CIBW_TEST_VAR_2=1 CIBW_TEST_VAR_3="$({python_echo} 'test string 3')" PATH="$PATH;/opt/cibw_test_path"''',
         },
     )
 

test/test_from_sdist.py

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
+from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
+from test.test_projects.base import TestProject
+
+from . import test_projects, utils
+
+# utilities
+
+
+def make_sdist(project: TestProject, working_dir: Path) -> Path:
+    project_dir = working_dir / "project"
+    project_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    sdist_dir = working_dir / "sdist"
+    subprocess.run(
+        [sys.executable, "-m", "build", "--sdist", "--outdir", str(sdist_dir), str(project_dir)],
+        check=True,
+    )
+
+    return next(sdist_dir.glob("*.tar.gz"))
+
+
+def cibuildwheel_from_sdist_run(sdist_path, add_env=None, config_file=None):
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+
+    if add_env:
+        env.update(add_env)
+
+    with TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_output_dir:
+        subprocess.run(
+            [
+                sys.executable,
+                "-m",
+                "cibuildwheel",
+                *(["--config-file", config_file] if config_file else []),
+                "--output-dir",
+                str(tmp_output_dir),
+                str(sdist_path),
+            ],
+            env=env,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        return os.listdir(tmp_output_dir)
+
+
+# tests
+
+
+def test_simple(tmp_path):
+    basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
+
+    # make an sdist of the project
+    sdist_dir = tmp_path / "sdist"
+    sdist_dir.mkdir()
+    sdist_path = make_sdist(basic_project, sdist_dir)
+
+    # build the wheels from sdist
+    actual_wheels = cibuildwheel_from_sdist_run(
+        sdist_path,
+        add_env={"CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-*"},
+    )
+
+    # check that the expected wheels are produced
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0") if "cp39" in w]
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+
+def test_external_config_file_argument(tmp_path, capfd):
+    basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
+
+    # make an sdist of the project
+    sdist_dir = tmp_path / "sdist"
+    sdist_dir.mkdir()
+    sdist_path = make_sdist(basic_project, sdist_dir)
+
+    # add a config file
+    config_file = tmp_path / "config.toml"
+    config_file.write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent(
+            """
+            [tool.cibuildwheel]
+            before-all = 'echo "test log statement from before-all"'
+            """
+        )
+    )
+
+    # build the wheels from sdist
+    actual_wheels = cibuildwheel_from_sdist_run(
+        sdist_path,
+        add_env={"CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-*"},
+        config_file=str(config_file),
+    )
+
+    # check that the expected wheels are produced
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0") if "cp39" in w]
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+    # check that before-all was run
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+    assert "test log statement from before-all" in captured.out
+
+
+def test_config_in_pyproject_toml(tmp_path, capfd):
+    # make a project with a pyproject.toml
+    project = test_projects.new_c_project()
+    project.files["pyproject.toml"] = textwrap.dedent(
+        """
+        [tool.cibuildwheel]
+        before-build = 'echo "test log statement from before-build 8419"'
+        """
+    )
+
+    # make an sdist of the project
+    sdist_dir = tmp_path / "sdist"
+    sdist_dir.mkdir()
+    sdist_path = make_sdist(project, sdist_dir)
+
+    # build the wheels from sdist
+    actual_wheels = cibuildwheel_from_sdist_run(
+        sdist_path,
+        add_env={"CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-*"},
+    )
+
+    # check that the expected wheels are produced
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0") if "cp39" in w]
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+    # check that before-build was run
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+    assert "test log statement from before-build 8419" in captured.out
+
+
+def test_internal_config_file_argument(tmp_path, capfd):
+    # make a project with a config file inside
+    project = test_projects.new_c_project(
+        setup_cfg_add="include_package_data = True",
+    )
+    project.files["wheel_build_config.toml"] = textwrap.dedent(
+        """
+        [tool.cibuildwheel]
+        before-all = 'echo "test log statement from before-all 1829"'
+        """
+    )
+    project.files["MANIFEST.in"] = textwrap.dedent(
+        """
+        include wheel_build_config.toml
+        """
+    )
+
+    # make an sdist of the project
+    sdist_dir = tmp_path / "sdist"
+    sdist_dir.mkdir()
+    sdist_path = make_sdist(project, sdist_dir)
+
+    # build the wheels from sdist, referencing the config file inside
+    actual_wheels = cibuildwheel_from_sdist_run(
+        sdist_path,
+        add_env={"CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-*"},
+        config_file="{package}/wheel_build_config.toml",
+    )
+
+    # check that the expected wheels are produced
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0") if "cp39" in w]
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+    # check that before-all was run
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+    assert "test log statement from before-all 1829" in captured.out