Bump version: v2.4.0

Co-authored-by: joerick <joerick@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/matchers/pylint.json

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{
+  "problemMatcher": [
+    {
+      "severity": "warning",
+      "pattern": [
+        {
+          "regexp": "^([^:]+):(\\d+):(\\d+): ([A-DF-Z]\\d+): \\033\\[[\\d;]+m([^\\033]+).*$",
+          "file": 1,
+          "line": 2,
+          "column": 3,
+          "code": 4,
+          "message": 5
+        }
+      ],
+      "owner": "pylint-warning"
+    },
+    {
+      "severity": "error",
+      "pattern": [
+        {
+          "regexp": "^([^:]+):(\\d+):(\\d+): (E\\d+): \\033\\[[\\d;]+m([^\\033]+).*$",
+          "file": 1,
+          "line": 2,
+          "column": 3,
+          "code": 4,
+          "message": 5
+        }
+      ],
+      "owner": "pylint-error"
+    }
+  ]
+}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
   dist:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     - name: Build SDist and wheel
       run: pipx run build
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
         name: artifact
         path: dist
 
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.4.2
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.0
       with:
         user: __token__
         password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -15,18 +15,23 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
-  pre-commit:
-    name: Pre-commit checks (mypy, flake8, etc.)
+  lint:
+    name: Linters (mypy, flake8, etc.)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
     - uses: pre-commit/action@v2.0.3
-    - run: pipx run nox -s check_manifest
+    - name: Check manifest
+      run: pipx run nox -s check_manifest
+    - name: PyLint checks
+      run: |
+        echo "::add-matcher::$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.github/matchers/pylint.json"
+        pipx run nox -s pylint
 
   test:
     name: Test cibuildwheel on ${{ matrix.os }}
-    needs: pre-commit
+    needs: lint
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -34,8 +39,8 @@ jobs:
         python_version: ['3.10']
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
       name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
@@ -67,12 +72,12 @@ jobs:
 
   test-emulated:
     name: Test emulated cibuildwheel using qemu
-    needs: pre-commit
+    needs: lint
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         python -m pip install ".[test]"

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'pypa' || github.event_name != 'schedule'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
     - uses: excitedleigh/setup-nox@v2.0.0
 
     - name: "Run update: dependencies"
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Create Pull Request
       if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
-      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v3
+      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v4
       with:
         commit-message: Update dependencies
         title: '[Bot] Update dependencies'

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,11 @@ linux:
     DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
     # See https://github.com/docker-library/docker/pull/166
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
+
+    # skip all but the basic tests
+    # (comment the below line in a PR to debug a Gitlab-specific issue)
+    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
+    - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
     - python ./bin/run_tests.py

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 repos:
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v4.0.1
+  rev: v4.1.0
   hooks:
   - id: check-case-conflict
   - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ repos:
   - id: trailing-whitespace
 
 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-  rev: v2.29.1
+  rev: v2.31.1
   hooks:
   - id: pyupgrade
     name: PyUpgrade 3.6+
@@ -27,10 +27,11 @@ repos:
 
 # Autoremoves unused imports
 - repo: https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln
-  rev: v1.1.0
+  rev: v1.2.5
   hooks:
   - id: pycln
-    args: [--config=pyproject.toml]
+    args: [--all]
+    stages: [manual]
 
 - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
   rev: 5.10.1
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ repos:
   - id: isort
 
 - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-  rev: 21.12b0
+  rev: 22.3.0
   hooks:
   - id: black
 
@@ -48,11 +49,12 @@ repos:
   - id: setup-cfg-fmt
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v0.910-1
+  rev: v0.942
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
+    name: mypy 3.6 on cibuildwheel/
     exclude: ^(bin|cibuildwheel/resources|docs)/.*py$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.6", "--scripts-are-modules", "--show-error-codes"]
+    args: ["--python-version=3.6"]
     additional_dependencies: &mypy-dependencies
       - nox
       - packaging>=21.0
@@ -66,10 +68,15 @@ repos:
       - types-pyyaml
       - types-requests
       - bracex
+      - dataclasses
   - id: mypy
     name: mypy 3.7+ on bin/
     files: ^((bin|docs)/.*py)$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.7", "--scripts-are-modules", "--show-error-codes"]
+    args: ["--python-version=3.7"]
+    additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
+  - id: mypy
+    name: mypy 3.10
+    args: ["--python-version=3.10"]
     additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
 
 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/yesqa
@@ -91,14 +98,12 @@ repos:
   hooks:
   - id: python-check-blanket-noqa
     stages: [manual]
-  - id: python-check-blanket-type-ignore
-    stages: [manual]
   - id: python-no-log-warn
   - id: python-no-eval
   - id: python-use-type-annotations
 
 - repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
-  rev: v0.8.0.1
+  rev: v0.8.0.4
   hooks:
   - id: shellcheck
 

.travis.yml

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ jobs:
       arch: s390x
       env: PYTHON=python
 
-install: $PYTHON -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
+install:
+- $PYTHON -m pip install -U pip
+- $PYTHON -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
 
 script: $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py

README.md

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ What does it do?
 | CPython 3.10  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
 | PyPy 3.7 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
 | PyPy 3.8 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.9 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
 
 <sup>¹ PyPy is only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
 <sup>² Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
@@ -59,8 +60,6 @@ Usage
 
 <sup>¹ [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
 
-`cibuildwheel` is not intended to run on your development machine. Because it uses system Python from Python.org on macOS and Windows, it will try to install packages globally - not what you expect from a build tool! Instead, isolated CI services like those mentioned above are ideal. For Linux builds, it uses manylinux docker images, so those can be done locally for testing in a pinch.
-
 <!--intro-end-->
 
 Example setup
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
 
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
 
       - name: Build wheels
         run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -149,7 +148,7 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 | [pydantic][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Data parsing and validation using Python type hints |
 | [uvloop][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast asyncio event loop. |
 | [psutil][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python |
-| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualize and explore big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
+| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
 | [Google Benchmark][]              | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A microbenchmark support library |
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ Since `cibuildwheel` repairs the wheel with `delocate` or `auditwheel`, it might
 
 It helps ensure that the library can run without any dependencies outside of the pip toolchain.
 
-This is similar to static linking, so it might have some licence implications. Check the license for any code you're pulling in to make sure that's allowed.
+This is similar to static linking, so it might have some license implications. Check the license for any code you're pulling in to make sure that's allowed.
 
 Changelog
 =========
@@ -193,6 +192,19 @@ Changelog
 
 <!-- this section was generated by bin/update_readme_changelog.py -- do not edit manually -->
 
+### v2.4.0
+
+_2 April 2022_
+
+- ✨ cibuildwheel now supports running locally on Windows and macOS (as well as Linux). On macOS, you'll have to install the versions of Pythons that you want to use from Python.org, and cibuildwheel will use them. On Windows, cibuildwheel will install it's own versions of Python. Check out [the documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#local) for instructions. (#974)
+- ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.9 wheels. (#1031)
+- ✨ Listing at the end of the build now displays the size of each wheel (#975)
+- 🐛 Workaround a connection timeout bug on Travis CI ppc64le runners (#906)
+- 🐛 Fix an encoding error when reading setup.py in the wrong encoding (#977)
+- 🛠 Setuptools updated to 61.3.0, including experimental support for reading config from pyproject.toml(PEP 621). This could change the behaviour of your build if you have a pyproject.toml with a `[project]` table, because that takes precedence over setup.py and setup.cfg. Check out the [setuptools docs](https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/pyproject_config.html) and the [project metadata specification](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/declaring-project-metadata/) for more info.
+- 🛠 Many other dependency updates.
+- 📚 Minor docs improvements
+
 ### v2.3.1
 
 _14 December 2021_
@@ -226,26 +238,6 @@ _26 October 2021_
 - 🛠 Added a `config-file` option on the GitHub Action to specify something other than pyproject.toml in your GitHub Workflow file. (#883)
 - 🐛 Fix missing resources in sdist and released wheel on PyPI. We've also made some internal changes to our release processes to make them more reliable. (#893, #894)
 
-### v2.2.0
-
-_22 October 2021_
-
-- 🌟 Added support for [musllinux](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Support for this new wheel format lets projects build wheels for Linux distributions that use [musl libc](https://musl.libc.org/), notably, [Alpine](https://alpinelinux.org/) Docker containers. (#768)
-
-  Musllinux builds are enabled by default. If you're not ready to build musllinux, add `*-musllinux_*` to your [`CIBW_SKIP`/`skip`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip) option. Or, you might have to make some changes to your options - to simplify that process, you can use...
-
-- 🌟 TOML option overrides! This provides much greater flexibility in configuration via pyproject.toml. (#854)
-
-  You can now set build options for any subset of your builds using a match pattern. So, for example, you can customise CPython 3.8 builds with an override on `cp38-*` or musllinux builds by selecting `*musllinux*`. Check out [the docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/options/#overrides) for more info on the specifics.
-
-- 🛠 Added support for building PyPy wheels on macOS 11 CI runners. (#875)
-
-- 🛠 Setting an empty string for the [`CIBW_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image) option will now fallthrough to the config file or cibuildwheel's default, rather than causing an error. This makes the option easier to use in CI build matricies. (#829)
-
-- 🛠 Support for TOML 1.0 when reading config files, via the `tomli` package. (#876)
-
-<sup>Note: This version is not available on PyPI due to some missing resources in the release files. Please use a later version instead.</sup>
-
 <!-- END bin/update_readme_changelog.py -->
 
 ---

appveyor.yml

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ init:
       if (-not ($BRANCH -eq 'main' -or $BRANCH.ToLower().StartsWith('appveyor-'))) {
         $env:PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code'
       }
+      python -m pip install -U pip
 
 install: python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
 

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
         python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
 - job: windows_36
-  pool: {vmImage: 'vs2017-win2016'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'windows-2019'}
   timeoutInMinutes: 180
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
         python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
 - job: windows_38
-  pool: {vmImage: 'vs2017-win2016'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'windows-2019'}
   timeoutInMinutes: 180
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0

bin/bump_version.py

@@ -177,6 +177,17 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
     )
 
     print("Done.")
+    print()
+
+    print("Push the new version to GitHub with:")
+    print("    git push && git push --tags")
+    print()
+
+    release_url = "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/releases/new?" + urllib.parse.urlencode(
+        {"tag": new_version}
+    )
+    print("Then create a release at the URL:")
+    print(f"    {release_url}")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

bin/run_tests.py

@@ -16,15 +16,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         unit_test_args += ["--run-docker"]
     subprocess.run(unit_test_args, check=True)
 
-    xdist_test_args = ["-n", "2"] if sys.platform.startswith("linux") else []
-
     # run the integration tests
     subprocess.run(
         [
             sys.executable,
             "-m",
             "pytest",
-            *xdist_test_args,
+            "--numprocesses=2",
             "-x",
             "--durations",
             "0",

bin/update_virtualenv.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import difflib
+import logging
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+import click
+import rich
+import tomli
+from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
+from rich.logging import RichHandler
+from rich.syntax import Syntax
+
+from cibuildwheel.typing import Final
+
+log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
+
+# Looking up the dir instead of using utils.resources_dir
+# since we want to write to it.
+DIR: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
+RESOURCES_DIR: Final[Path] = DIR / "cibuildwheel/resources"
+
+GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB: Final[str] = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv"
+GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE: Final[
+    str
+] = f"{GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB}/blob/{{version}}/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"
+
+
+class VersionTuple(NamedTuple):
+    version: Version
+    version_string: str
+
+
+def git_ls_remote_versions(url) -> list[VersionTuple]:
+    versions: list[VersionTuple] = []
+    tags = subprocess.run(
+        ["git", "ls-remote", "--tags", url], check=True, text=True, capture_output=True
+    ).stdout.splitlines()
+    for tag in tags:
+        _, ref = tag.split()
+        assert ref.startswith("refs/tags/")
+        version_string = ref[10:]
+        try:
+            version = Version(version_string)
+            if version.is_devrelease:
+                log.info(f"Ignoring development release '{version}'")
+                continue
+            if version.is_prerelease:
+                log.info(f"Ignoring pre-release '{version}'")
+                continue
+            versions.append(VersionTuple(version, version_string))
+        except InvalidVersion:
+            log.warning(f"Ignoring ref '{ref}'")
+    versions.sort(reverse=True)
+    return versions
+
+
+@click.command()
+@click.option("--force", is_flag=True)
+@click.option(
+    "--level", default="INFO", type=click.Choice(["WARNING", "INFO", "DEBUG"], case_sensitive=False)
+)
+def update_virtualenv(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
+
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level="INFO",
+        format="%(message)s",
+        datefmt="[%X]",
+        handlers=[RichHandler(rich_tracebacks=True, markup=True)],
+    )
+    log.setLevel(level)
+
+    toml_file_path = RESOURCES_DIR / "virtualenv.toml"
+
+    original_toml = toml_file_path.read_text()
+    with toml_file_path.open("rb") as f:
+        loaded_file = tomli.load(f)
+    version = str(loaded_file["version"])
+    versions = git_ls_remote_versions(GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB)
+    if versions[0].version > Version(version):
+        version = versions[0].version_string
+
+    result_toml = (
+        f'version = "{version}"\n'
+        f'url = "{GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE.format(version=version)}"\n'
+    )
+
+    rich.print()  # spacer
+
+    if original_toml == result_toml:
+        rich.print("[green]Check complete, virtualenv version unchanged.")
+        return
+
+    rich.print("virtualenv version updated.")
+    rich.print("Changes:")
+    rich.print()
+
+    toml_relpath = toml_file_path.relative_to(DIR).as_posix()
+    diff_lines = difflib.unified_diff(
+        original_toml.splitlines(keepends=True),
+        result_toml.splitlines(keepends=True),
+        fromfile=toml_relpath,
+        tofile=toml_relpath,
+    )
+    rich.print(Syntax("".join(diff_lines), "diff", theme="ansi_light"))
+    rich.print()
+
+    if force:
+        toml_file_path.write_text(result_toml)
+        rich.print("[green]TOML file updated.")
+    else:
+        rich.print("[yellow]File left unchanged. Use --force flag to update.")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    update_virtualenv()

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "2.3.1"
+__version__ = "2.4.0"

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import argparse
 import os
+import shutil
 import sys
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
+from tempfile import mkdtemp
 from typing import List, Set, Union
 
 import cibuildwheel
@@ -10,9 +13,15 @@ import cibuildwheel.macos
 import cibuildwheel.util
 import cibuildwheel.windows
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, allowed_architectures_check
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
 from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments, Options, compute_options
 from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName, assert_never
-from cibuildwheel.util import BuildSelector, Unbuffered, detect_ci_provider
+from cibuildwheel.util import (
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    BuildSelector,
+    Unbuffered,
+    detect_ci_provider,
+)
 
 
 def main() -> None:
@@ -32,12 +41,11 @@ def main() -> None:
         choices=["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"],
         default=os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "auto"),
         help="""
-            Platform to build for. For "linux" you need docker running, on Mac
-            or Linux. For "macos", you need a Mac machine, and note that this
-            script is going to automatically install MacPython on your system,
-            so don't run on your development machine. For "windows", you need to
-            run in Windows, and it will build and test for all versions of
-            Python. Default: auto.
+            Platform to build for. Use this option to override the
+            auto-detected platform or to run cibuildwheel on your development
+            machine. Specifying "macos" or "windows" only works on that
+            operating system, but "linux" works on all three, as long as
+            Docker is installed. Default: auto.
         """,
     )
 
@@ -165,6 +173,9 @@ def main() -> None:
     # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to 'print'
     sys.stdout = Unbuffered(sys.stdout)  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
+    # create the cache dir before it gets printed & builds performed
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
     print_preamble(platform=platform, options=options, identifiers=identifiers)
 
     try:
@@ -187,17 +198,23 @@ def main() -> None:
     if not output_dir.exists():
         output_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
 
-    with cibuildwheel.util.print_new_wheels(
-        "\n{n} wheels produced in {m:.0f} minutes:", output_dir
-    ):
-        if platform == "linux":
-            cibuildwheel.linux.build(options)
-        elif platform == "windows":
-            cibuildwheel.windows.build(options)
-        elif platform == "macos":
-            cibuildwheel.macos.build(options)
-        else:
-            assert_never(platform)
+    tmp_path = Path(mkdtemp(prefix="cibw-run-")).resolve(strict=True)
+    try:
+        with cibuildwheel.util.print_new_wheels(
+            "\n{n} wheels produced in {m:.0f} minutes:", output_dir
+        ):
+            if platform == "linux":
+                cibuildwheel.linux.build(options, tmp_path)
+            elif platform == "windows":
+                cibuildwheel.windows.build(options, tmp_path)
+            elif platform == "macos":
+                cibuildwheel.macos.build(options, tmp_path)
+            else:
+                assert_never(platform)
+    finally:
+        shutil.rmtree(tmp_path, ignore_errors=sys.platform.startswith("win"))
+        if tmp_path.exists():
+            log.warning(f"Can't delete temporary folder '{str(tmp_path)}'")
 
 
 def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: List[str]) -> None:
@@ -218,7 +235,9 @@ def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: List[str]) -> N
     print(f"  platform: {platform!r}")
     print(textwrap.indent(options.summary(identifiers), "  "))
 
-    warnings = detect_warnings(platform=platform, options=options, identifiers=identifiers)
+    print(f"Cache folder: {CIBW_CACHE_PATH}")
+
+    warnings = detect_warnings(options=options, identifiers=identifiers)
     if warnings:
         print("\nWarnings:")
         for warning in warnings:
@@ -254,7 +273,7 @@ def get_build_identifiers(
     return [config.identifier for config in python_configurations]
 
 
-def detect_warnings(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: List[str]) -> List[str]:
+def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: List[str]) -> List[str]:
     warnings = []
 
     # warn about deprecated {python} and {pip}

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import re
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Set
 
-from .typing import Literal, PlatformName, assert_never
+from .typing import Final, Literal, PlatformName, assert_never
 
-PRETTY_NAMES = {"linux": "Linux", "macos": "macOS", "windows": "Windows"}
+PRETTY_NAMES: Final = {"linux": "Linux", "macos": "macOS", "windows": "Windows"}
 
 
 @functools.total_ordering
@@ -73,20 +73,18 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
 
     @staticmethod
     def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "Set[Architecture]":
-        if platform == "linux":
-            return {
+        all_archs_map = {
+            "linux": {
                 Architecture.x86_64,
                 Architecture.i686,
                 Architecture.aarch64,
                 Architecture.ppc64le,
                 Architecture.s390x,
-            }
-        elif platform == "macos":
-            return {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64, Architecture.universal2}
-        elif platform == "windows":
-            return {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64, Architecture.ARM64}
-        else:
-            assert_never(platform)
+            },
+            "macos": {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64, Architecture.universal2},
+            "windows": {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64, Architecture.ARM64},
+        }
+        return all_archs_map[platform]
 
     @staticmethod
     def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> "Set[Architecture]":

cibuildwheel/docker_container.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import io
 import json
 import os
+import platform
 import shlex
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -9,6 +10,8 @@ from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import IO, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, cast
 
+from cibuildwheel.util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
+
 from .typing import PathOrStr, PopenBytes
 
 
@@ -44,6 +47,15 @@ class DockerContainer:
     def __enter__(self) -> "DockerContainer":
         self.name = f"cibuildwheel-{uuid.uuid4()}"
         cwd_args = ["-w", str(self.cwd)] if self.cwd else []
+
+        # work-around for Travis-CI PPC64le Docker runs since 2021:
+        # this avoids network splits
+        # https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/904
+        # https://github.com/conda-forge/conda-smithy/pull/1520
+        network_args = []
+        if detect_ci_provider() == CIProvider.travis_ci and platform.machine() == "ppc64le":
+            network_args = ["--network=host"]
+
         shell_args = ["linux32", "/bin/bash"] if self.simulate_32_bit else ["/bin/bash"]
         subprocess.run(
             [
@@ -53,6 +65,7 @@ class DockerContainer:
                 f"--name={self.name}",
                 "--interactive",
                 "--volume=/:/host",  # ignored on CircleCI
+                *network_args,
                 *cwd_args,
                 self.docker_image,
                 *shell_args,
@@ -87,13 +100,17 @@ class DockerContainer:
         exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
     ) -> None:
 
+        self.bash_stdin.write(b"exit 0\n")
+        self.bash_stdin.flush()
+        self.process.wait(timeout=30)
         self.bash_stdin.close()
-        self.process.terminate()
-        self.process.wait()
+        self.bash_stdout.close()
 
         assert isinstance(self.name, str)
 
-        subprocess.run(["docker", "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        subprocess.run(
+            ["docker", "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, check=False
+        )
         self.name = None
 
     def copy_into(self, from_path: Path, to_path: PurePath) -> None:
@@ -131,7 +148,7 @@ class DockerContainer:
     def glob(self, path: PurePath, pattern: str) -> List[PurePath]:
         glob_pattern = os.path.join(str(path), pattern)
 
-        path_strs = json.loads(
+        path_strings = json.loads(
             self.call(
                 [
                     self.UTILITY_PYTHON,
@@ -142,7 +159,7 @@ class DockerContainer:
             )
         )
 
-        return [PurePath(p) for p in path_strs]
+        return [PurePath(p) for p in path_strings]
 
     def call(
         self,
@@ -170,7 +187,7 @@ class DockerContainer:
         # can cope with spaces and strange characters in the name or value.
         # Finally, the remote shell is told to write a footer - this will show
         # up in the output so we know when to stop reading, and will include
-        # the returncode of `command`.
+        # the return code of `command`.
         self.bash_stdin.write(
             bytes(
                 f"""(
@@ -199,11 +216,11 @@ class DockerContainer:
                     len(line)
                     - 1  # newline character
                     - len(end_of_message)  # delimiter
-                    - 4  # 4 returncode decimals
+                    - 4  # 4 return code decimals
                 )
                 # fmt: on
-                returncode_str = line[footer_offset : footer_offset + 4]
-                returncode = int(returncode_str)
+                return_code_str = line[footer_offset : footer_offset + 4]
+                return_code = int(return_code_str)
                 # add the last line to output, without the footer
                 output_io.write(line[0:footer_offset])
                 break
@@ -215,8 +232,8 @@ class DockerContainer:
         else:
             output = ""
 
-        if returncode != 0:
-            raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(returncode, args, output)
+        if return_code != 0:
+            raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(return_code, args, output)
 
         return output
 

cibuildwheel/environment.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class EnvironmentAssignmentRaw:
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.name}: {self.value}"
 
-    def evaluated_value(self, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
+    def evaluated_value(self, **_: Any) -> str:
         return self.value
 
 

cibuildwheel/functools_cached_property_38.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from threading import RLock
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Optional, Type, TypeVar, overload
+
+__all__ = ["cached_property"]
+
+_NOT_FOUND = object()
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class cached_property(Generic[_T]):
+    def __init__(self, func: Callable[[Any], _T]):
+        self.func = func
+        self.attrname: Optional[str] = None
+        self.__doc__ = func.__doc__
+        self.lock = RLock()
+
+    def __set_name__(self, owner: Type[Any], name: str) -> None:
+        if self.attrname is None:
+            self.attrname = name
+        elif name != self.attrname:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Cannot assign the same cached_property to two different names "
+                f"({self.attrname!r} and {name!r})."
+            )
+
+    @overload
+    def __get__(self, instance: None, owner: Optional[Type[Any]] = ...) -> "cached_property[_T]":
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __get__(self, instance: object, owner: Optional[Type[Any]] = ...) -> _T:
+        ...
+
+    def __get__(self, instance: Optional[object], owner: Optional[Type[Any]] = None) -> Any:
+        if instance is None:
+            return self
+        if self.attrname is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Cannot use cached_property instance without calling __set_name__ on it."
+            )
+        try:
+            cache = instance.__dict__
+        except AttributeError:  # not all objects have __dict__ (e.g. class defines slots)
+            msg = (
+                f"No '__dict__' attribute on {type(instance).__name__!r} "
+                f"instance to cache {self.attrname!r} property."
+            )
+            raise TypeError(msg) from None
+        val = cache.get(self.attrname, _NOT_FOUND)
+        if val is _NOT_FOUND:
+            with self.lock:
+                # check if another thread filled cache while we awaited lock
+                val = cache.get(self.attrname, _NOT_FOUND)
+                if val is _NOT_FOUND:
+                    val = self.func(instance)
+                    try:
+                        cache[self.attrname] = val
+                    except TypeError:
+                        msg = (
+                            f"The '__dict__' attribute on {type(instance).__name__!r} instance "
+                            f"does not support item assignment for caching {self.attrname!r} property."
+                        )
+                        raise TypeError(msg) from None
+        return val

cibuildwheel/linux.py

@@ -303,11 +303,11 @@ def build_on_docker(
     log.step_end()
 
 
-def build(options: Options) -> None:
+def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
     try:
         # check docker is installed
         subprocess.run(["docker", "--version"], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
-    except Exception:
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
         print(
             "cibuildwheel: Docker not found. Docker is required to run Linux builds. "
             "If you're building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to your .travis.yml."

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -5,16 +5,17 @@ import sys
 import time
 from typing import IO, AnyStr, Optional, Union
 
+from cibuildwheel.typing import Final
 from cibuildwheel.util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
 
-DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN = ("{name}", "")
-FOLD_PATTERNS = {
+DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN: Final = ("{name}", "")
+FOLD_PATTERNS: Final = {
     "azure": ("##[group]{name}", "##[endgroup]"),
     "travis": ("travis_fold:start:{identifier}\n{name}", "travis_fold:end:{identifier}"),
     "github": ("::group::{name}", "::endgroup::{name}"),
 }
 
-PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCIPTIONS = {
+PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS: Final = {
     "manylinux_x86_64": "manylinux x86_64",
     "manylinux_i686": "manylinux i686",
     "manylinux_aarch64": "manylinux aarch64",
@@ -157,7 +158,8 @@ class Logger:
             sys.stdout.flush()
             self.active_fold_group_name = None
 
-    def _fold_group_identifier(self, name: str) -> str:
+    @staticmethod
+    def _fold_group_identifier(name: str) -> str:
         """
         Travis doesn't like fold groups identifiers that have spaces in. This
         method converts them to ascii identifiers
@@ -173,17 +175,11 @@ class Logger:
 
     @property
     def colors(self) -> "Colors":
-        if self.colors_enabled:
-            return Colors(enabled=True)
-        else:
-            return Colors(enabled=False)
+        return Colors(enabled=self.colors_enabled)
 
     @property
     def symbols(self) -> "Symbols":
-        if self.unicode_enabled:
-            return Symbols(unicode=True)
-        else:
-            return Symbols(unicode=False)
+        return Symbols(unicode=self.unicode_enabled)
 
 
 def build_description_from_identifier(identifier: str) -> str:
@@ -204,7 +200,7 @@ def build_description_from_identifier(identifier: str) -> str:
     build_description += f" {python_version[0]}.{python_version[1:]} "
 
     try:
-        build_description += PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCIPTIONS[platform_identifier]
+        build_description += PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS[platform_identifier]
     except KeyError as e:
         raise Exception("unknown platform") from e
 
@@ -262,8 +258,6 @@ def file_supports_unicode(file_obj: IO[AnyStr]) -> bool:
     return "utf" in codec_info.name
 
 
-"""
-Global instance of the Logger.
-"""
+# Global instance of the Logger.
 # (there's only one stdout per-process, so a global instance is justified)
 log = Logger()

cibuildwheel/macos.py

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
+import functools
 import os
 import platform
 import re
-import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
-import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple, cast
+from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Sequence, Set, Tuple, cast
+
+from filelock import FileLock
 
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
@@ -15,34 +16,24 @@ from .logger import log
 from .options import Options
 from .typing import Literal, PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
     BuildFrontend,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
+    call,
+    detect_ci_provider,
     download,
     get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
     get_pip_version,
     install_certifi_script,
     prepare_command,
     read_python_configs,
+    shell,
     unwrap,
+    virtualenv,
 )
 
 
-def call(
-    args: Sequence[PathOrStr],
-    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-    cwd: Optional[str] = None,
-    shell: bool = False,
-) -> None:
-    # print the command executing for the logs
-    if shell:
-        print(f"+ {args}")
-    else:
-        print("+ " + " ".join(shlex.quote(str(a)) for a in args))
-
-    subprocess.run(args, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=shell, check=True)
-
-
 def get_macos_version() -> Tuple[int, int]:
     """
     Returns the macOS major/minor version, as a tuple, e.g. (10, 15) or (11, 0)
@@ -58,13 +49,7 @@ def get_macos_version() -> Tuple[int, int]:
 
 
 def get_macos_sdks() -> List[str]:
-    output = subprocess.run(
-        ["xcodebuild", "-showsdks"],
-        universal_newlines=True,
-        check=True,
-        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-    ).stdout
-
+    output = call("xcodebuild", "-showsdks", capture_stdout=True)
     return [m.group(1) for m in re.finditer(r"-sdk (macosx\S+)", output)]
 
 
@@ -93,98 +78,75 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     return [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]
 
 
-SYMLINKS_DIR = Path("/tmp/cibw_bin")
+def install_cpython(tmp: Path, version: str, url: str) -> Path:
+    installation_path = Path(f"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/{version}")
+    with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"cpython{version}.lock"):
+        installed_system_packages = call("pkgutil", "--pkgs", capture_stdout=True).splitlines()
+        # if this version of python isn't installed, get it from python.org and install
+        python_package_identifier = f"org.python.Python.PythonFramework-{version}"
+        if python_package_identifier not in installed_system_packages:
+            if detect_ci_provider() is None:
+                # if running locally, we don't want to install CPython with sudo
+                # let the user know & provide a link to the installer
+                print(
+                    f"Error: CPython {version} is not installed.\n"
+                    "cibuildwheel will not perform system-wide installs when running outside of CI.\n"
+                    f"To build locally, install CPython {version} on this machine, or, disable this version of Python using CIBW_SKIP=cp{version.replace('.', '')}-macosx_*\n"
+                    f"\nDownload link: {url}",
+                    file=sys.stderr,
+                )
+                raise SystemExit(1)
+            pkg_path = tmp / "Python.pkg"
+            # download the pkg
+            download(url, pkg_path)
+            # install
+            call("sudo", "installer", "-pkg", pkg_path, "-target", "/")
+            pkg_path.unlink()
+            env = os.environ.copy()
+            env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
+            call(installation_path / "bin" / "python3", install_certifi_script, env=env)
+
+    return installation_path / "bin" / "python3"
 
 
-def make_symlinks(installation_bin_path: Path, python_executable: str, pip_executable: str) -> None:
-    assert (installation_bin_path / python_executable).exists()
-
-    # Python bin folders on Mac don't symlink `python3` to `python`, and neither
-    # does PyPy for `pypy` or `pypy3`, so we do that so `python` and `pip` always
-    # point to the active configuration.
-    if SYMLINKS_DIR.exists():
-        shutil.rmtree(SYMLINKS_DIR)
-    SYMLINKS_DIR.mkdir(parents=True)
-
-    (SYMLINKS_DIR / "python").symlink_to(installation_bin_path / python_executable)
-    (SYMLINKS_DIR / "python-config").symlink_to(
-        installation_bin_path / (python_executable + "-config")
-    )
-    (SYMLINKS_DIR / "pip").symlink_to(installation_bin_path / pip_executable)
-
-
-def install_cpython(version: str, url: str) -> Path:
-    installed_system_packages = subprocess.run(
-        ["pkgutil", "--pkgs"], universal_newlines=True, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
-    ).stdout.splitlines()
-
-    # if this version of python isn't installed, get it from python.org and install
-    python_package_identifier = f"org.python.Python.PythonFramework-{version}"
-    python_executable = "python3"
-    installation_bin_path = Path(f"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/{version}/bin")
-
-    if python_package_identifier not in installed_system_packages:
-        # download the pkg
-        download(url, Path("/tmp/Python.pkg"))
-        # install
-        call(["sudo", "installer", "-pkg", "/tmp/Python.pkg", "-target", "/"])
-        call(["sudo", str(installation_bin_path / python_executable), str(install_certifi_script)])
-
-    pip_executable = "pip3"
-    make_symlinks(installation_bin_path, python_executable, pip_executable)
-
-    return installation_bin_path
-
-
-def install_pypy(version: str, url: str) -> Path:
+def install_pypy(tmp: Path, url: str) -> Path:
     pypy_tar_bz2 = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
     extension = ".tar.bz2"
     assert pypy_tar_bz2.endswith(extension)
-    pypy_base_filename = pypy_tar_bz2[: -len(extension)]
-    installation_path = Path("/tmp") / pypy_base_filename
-    if not installation_path.exists():
-        downloaded_tar_bz2 = Path("/tmp") / pypy_tar_bz2
-        download(url, downloaded_tar_bz2)
-        call(["tar", "-C", "/tmp", "-xf", downloaded_tar_bz2])
-
-    installation_bin_path = installation_path / "bin"
-    python_executable = "pypy3"
-    pip_executable = "pip3"
-    make_symlinks(installation_bin_path, python_executable, pip_executable)
-
-    return installation_bin_path
+    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / pypy_tar_bz2[: -len(extension)]
+    with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
+        if not installation_path.exists():
+            downloaded_tar_bz2 = tmp / pypy_tar_bz2
+            download(url, downloaded_tar_bz2)
+            installation_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            call("tar", "-C", installation_path.parent, "-xf", downloaded_tar_bz2)
+            downloaded_tar_bz2.unlink()
+    return installation_path / "bin" / "pypy3"
 
 
 def setup_python(
+    tmp: Path,
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
     dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
     build_frontend: BuildFrontend,
 ) -> Dict[str, str]:
-
+    tmp.mkdir()
     implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
     log.step(f"Installing Python {implementation_id}...")
-
     if implementation_id.startswith("cp"):
-        installation_bin_path = install_cpython(
-            python_configuration.version, python_configuration.url
-        )
+        base_python = install_cpython(tmp, python_configuration.version, python_configuration.url)
     elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
-        installation_bin_path = install_pypy(python_configuration.version, python_configuration.url)
+        base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.url)
     else:
         raise ValueError("Unknown Python implementation")
+    assert base_python.exists()
 
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
-
-    env = os.environ.copy()
-    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
-        [
-            str(SYMLINKS_DIR),
-            str(installation_bin_path),
-            env["PATH"],
-        ]
-    )
-
+    venv_path = tmp / "venv"
+    env = virtualenv(base_python, venv_path, dependency_constraint_flags)
+    venv_bin_path = venv_path / "bin"
+    assert venv_bin_path.exists()
     # Fix issue with site.py setting the wrong `sys.prefix`, `sys.exec_prefix`,
     # `sys.path`, ... for PyPy: https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/issues/3175
     # Also fix an issue with the shebang of installed scripts inside the
@@ -196,40 +158,29 @@ def setup_python(
     # we version pip ourselves, so we don't care about pip version checking
     env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
 
-    # Install pip
-
-    requires_reinstall = not (installation_bin_path / "pip").exists()
-    if requires_reinstall:
-        # maybe pip isn't installed at all. ensurepip resolves that.
-        call(["python", "-m", "ensurepip"], env=env, cwd="/tmp")
-
     # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
     # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip'
     call(
-        [
-            "python",
-            "-m",
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--force-reinstall" if requires_reinstall else "--upgrade",
-            "pip",
-            *dependency_constraint_flags,
-        ],
+        "python",
+        "-m",
+        "pip",
+        "install",
+        "--upgrade",
+        "pip",
+        *dependency_constraint_flags,
         env=env,
-        cwd="/tmp",
+        cwd=venv_path,
     )
 
     # Apply our environment after pip is ready
     env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
 
     # check what pip version we're on
-    assert (installation_bin_path / "pip").exists()
-    call(["which", "pip"], env=env)
-    call(["pip", "--version"], env=env)
-    which_pip = subprocess.run(
-        ["which", "pip"], env=env, universal_newlines=True, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
-    ).stdout.strip()
-    if which_pip != "/tmp/cibw_bin/pip":
+    assert (venv_bin_path / "pip").exists()
+    call("which", "pip", env=env)
+    call("pip", "--version", env=env)
+    which_pip = call("which", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
+    if which_pip != str(venv_bin_path / "pip"):
         print(
             "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
             file=sys.stderr,
@@ -237,12 +188,10 @@ def setup_python(
         sys.exit(1)
 
     # check what Python version we're on
-    call(["which", "python"], env=env)
-    call(["python", "--version"], env=env)
-    which_python = subprocess.run(
-        ["which", "python"], env=env, universal_newlines=True, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
-    ).stdout.strip()
-    if which_python != "/tmp/cibw_bin/python":
+    call("which", "python", env=env)
+    call("python", "--version", env=env)
+    which_python = call("which", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
+    if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
         print(
             "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
             file=sys.stderr,
@@ -296,27 +245,23 @@ def setup_python(
     log.step("Installing build tools...")
     if build_frontend == "pip":
         call(
-            [
-                "pip",
-                "install",
-                "--upgrade",
-                "setuptools",
-                "wheel",
-                "delocate",
-                *dependency_constraint_flags,
-            ],
+            "pip",
+            "install",
+            "--upgrade",
+            "setuptools",
+            "wheel",
+            "delocate",
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
             env=env,
         )
     elif build_frontend == "build":
         call(
-            [
-                "pip",
-                "install",
-                "--upgrade",
-                "delocate",
-                "build[virtualenv]",
-                *dependency_constraint_flags,
-            ],
+            "pip",
+            "install",
+            "--upgrade",
+            "delocate",
+            "build[virtualenv]",
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
             env=env,
         )
     else:
@@ -325,11 +270,7 @@ def setup_python(
     return env
 
 
-def build(options: Options) -> None:
-    temp_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="cibuildwheel"))
-    built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
-    repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
-
+def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
         options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
     )
@@ -345,12 +286,17 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
             before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
                 before_all_options.before_all, project=".", package=before_all_options.package_dir
             )
-            call([before_all_prepared], shell=True, env=env)
+            shell(before_all_prepared, env=env)
 
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
+            identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
+            identifier_tmp_dir.mkdir()
+            built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
+            repaired_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
+
             config_is_arm64 = config.identifier.endswith("arm64")
             config_is_universal2 = config.identifier.endswith("universal2")
 
@@ -362,6 +308,7 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                 ]
 
             env = setup_python(
+                identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
                 config,
                 dependency_constraint_flags,
                 build_options.environment,
@@ -373,12 +320,10 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                 before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
                     build_options.before_build, project=".", package=build_options.package_dir
                 )
-                call(before_build_prepared, env=env, shell=True)
+                shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
 
             log.step("Building wheel...")
-            if built_wheel_dir.exists():
-                shutil.rmtree(built_wheel_dir)
-            built_wheel_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+            built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
             verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
 
@@ -386,37 +331,33 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                 # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                 # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
                 call(
-                    [
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "pip",
-                        "wheel",
-                        build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
-                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        "--no-deps",
-                        *verbosity_flags,
-                    ],
+                    "python",
+                    "-m",
+                    "pip",
+                    "wheel",
+                    build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
+                    f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                    "--no-deps",
+                    *verbosity_flags,
                     env=env,
                 )
             elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
                 config_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
                 build_env = env.copy()
                 if build_options.dependency_constraints:
-                    constr = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                    constraint_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
                         config.version
                     )
-                    build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = constr.as_uri()
+                    build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = constraint_path.as_uri()
                 build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = get_pip_version(env)
                 call(
-                    [
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "build",
-                        build_options.package_dir,
-                        "--wheel",
-                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
-                    ],
+                    "python",
+                    "-m",
+                    "build",
+                    build_options.package_dir,
+                    "--wheel",
+                    f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                    f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
                     env=build_env,
                 )
             else:
@@ -424,9 +365,7 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
 
             built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
-            if repaired_wheel_dir.exists():
-                shutil.rmtree(repaired_wheel_dir)
-            repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+            repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
             if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                 raise NonPlatformWheelError()
@@ -447,7 +386,7 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                     dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
                     delocate_archs=delocate_archs,
                 )
-                call(repair_command_prepared, env=env, shell=True)
+                shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
             else:
                 shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
 
@@ -457,7 +396,7 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
 
             if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
                 machine_arch = platform.machine()
-                testing_archs: List[Literal["x86_64", "arm64"]] = []
+                testing_archs: List[Literal["x86_64", "arm64"]]
 
                 if config_is_arm64:
                     testing_archs = ["arm64"]
@@ -512,8 +451,9 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
 
                     # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
                     # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-                    call(["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env)
-                    venv_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+                    call("pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
+
+                    venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "venv-test"
 
                     arch_prefix = []
                     if testing_arch != machine_arch:
@@ -521,23 +461,16 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                             # rosetta2 will provide the emulation with just the arch prefix.
                             arch_prefix = ["arch", "-x86_64"]
                         else:
-                            raise RuntimeError(
-                                "don't know how to emulate {testing_arch} on {machine_arch}"
-                            )
+                            msg = f"don't know how to emulate {testing_arch} on {machine_arch}"
+                            raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
                     # define a custom 'call' function that adds the arch prefix each time
-                    def call_with_arch(args: Sequence[PathOrStr], **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-                        if isinstance(args, str):
-                            args = " ".join(arch_prefix) + " " + args
-                        else:
-                            args = [*arch_prefix, *args]
-                        call(args, **kwargs)
+                    call_with_arch = functools.partial(call, *arch_prefix)
+                    shell_with_arch = functools.partial(shell, *arch_prefix)
 
                     # Use --no-download to ensure determinism by using seed libraries
                     # built into virtualenv
-                    call_with_arch(
-                        ["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env
-                    )
+                    call_with_arch("python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir, env=env)
 
                     virtualenv_env = env.copy()
                     virtualenv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
@@ -548,7 +481,7 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                     )
 
                     # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
-                    call_with_arch(["which", "python"], env=virtualenv_env)
+                    call_with_arch("which", "python", env=virtualenv_env)
 
                     if build_options.before_test:
                         before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -556,18 +489,20 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                             project=".",
                             package=build_options.package_dir,
                         )
-                        call_with_arch(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env, shell=True)
+                        shell_with_arch(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)
 
                     # install the wheel
                     call_with_arch(
-                        ["pip", "install", f"{repaired_wheel}{build_options.test_extras}"],
+                        "pip",
+                        "install",
+                        f"{repaired_wheel}{build_options.test_extras}",
                         env=virtualenv_env,
                     )
 
                     # test the wheel
                     if build_options.test_requires:
                         call_with_arch(
-                            ["pip", "install"] + build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env
+                            "pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env
                         )
 
                     # run the tests from $HOME, with an absolute path in the command
@@ -578,18 +513,16 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                         project=Path(".").resolve(),
                         package=build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
                     )
-                    call_with_arch(
-                        test_command_prepared,
-                        cwd=os.environ["HOME"],
-                        env=virtualenv_env,
-                        shell=True,
+                    shell_with_arch(
+                        test_command_prepared, cwd=os.environ["HOME"], env=virtualenv_env
                     )
 
-                    # clean up
-                    shutil.rmtree(venv_dir)
-
             # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
             shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
+
+            # clean up
+            shutil.rmtree(identifier_tmp_dir)
+
             log.build_end()
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
         log.step_end_with_error(

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import functools
 import os
 import sys
 import traceback
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ from .util import (
     BuildSelector,
     DependencyConstraints,
     TestSelector,
+    cached_property,
     resources_dir,
     selector_matches,
     strtobool,
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ class BuildOptions(NamedTuple):
         return self.globals.architectures
 
 
-Setting = Union[Dict[str, str], List[str], str]
+Setting = Union[Dict[str, str], List[str], str, int]
 
 
 class Override(NamedTuple):
@@ -139,7 +141,8 @@ def _dig_first(*pairs: Tuple[Mapping[str, Setting], str], ignore_empty: bool = F
 
             return value
 
-    raise KeyError(key)
+    last_key = pairs[-1][1]
+    raise KeyError(last_key)
 
 
 class OptionsReader:
@@ -310,14 +313,16 @@ class OptionsReader:
             if table is None:
                 raise ConfigOptionError(f"{name} does not accept a table")
             return table["sep"].join(table["item"].format(k=k, v=v) for k, v in result.items())
-        elif isinstance(result, list):
+
+        if isinstance(result, list):
             if sep is None:
                 raise ConfigOptionError(f"{name} does not accept a list")
             return sep.join(result)
-        elif isinstance(result, int):
+
+        if isinstance(result, int):
             return str(result)
-        else:
-            return result
+
+        return result
 
 
 class Options:
@@ -345,12 +350,10 @@ class Options:
 
         return None
 
-    @property
+    @cached_property
     def package_requires_python_str(self) -> Optional[str]:
-        if not hasattr(self, "_package_requires_python_str"):
-            args = self.command_line_arguments
-            self._package_requires_python_str = get_requires_python_str(Path(args.package_dir))
-        return self._package_requires_python_str
+        args = self.command_line_arguments
+        return get_requires_python_str(Path(args.package_dir))
 
     @property
     def globals(self) -> GlobalOptions:
@@ -479,13 +482,12 @@ class Options:
 
                     if not config_value:
                         # default to manylinux2014
-                        image = pinned_images.get("manylinux2014")
+                        image = pinned_images["manylinux2014"]
                     elif config_value in pinned_images:
                         image = pinned_images[config_value]
                     else:
                         image = config_value
 
-                    assert image is not None
                     manylinux_images[build_platform] = image
 
                 for build_platform in MUSLLINUX_ARCHS:
@@ -493,7 +495,7 @@ class Options:
 
                     config_value = self.reader.get(f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image")
 
-                    if config_value is None:
+                    if not config_value:
                         image = pinned_images["musllinux_1_1"]
                     elif config_value in pinned_images:
                         image = pinned_images[config_value]
@@ -574,9 +576,7 @@ def compute_options(
     return options
 
 
-_all_pinned_docker_images: Optional[ConfigParser] = None
-
-
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
 def _get_pinned_docker_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
     """
     This looks like a dict of dicts, e.g.
@@ -585,13 +585,11 @@ def _get_pinned_docker_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
       'pypy_x86_64': {'manylinux2010': '...' }
       ... }
     """
-    global _all_pinned_docker_images
 
-    if _all_pinned_docker_images is None:
-        pinned_docker_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
-        _all_pinned_docker_images = ConfigParser()
-        _all_pinned_docker_images.read(pinned_docker_images_file)
-    return _all_pinned_docker_images
+    pinned_docker_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
+    all_pinned_docker_images = ConfigParser()
+    all_pinned_docker_images.read(pinned_docker_images_file)
+    return all_pinned_docker_images
 
 
 def deprecated_selectors(name: str, selector: str, *, error: bool = False) -> None:

cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.requires_python: Optional[str] = None
 
-    def visit(self, content: ast.AST) -> None:
-        for node in ast.walk(content):
-            for child in ast.iter_child_nodes(node):
-                child.parent = node  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-        super().visit(content)
+    def visit(self, node: ast.AST) -> None:
+        for inner_node in ast.walk(node):
+            for child in ast.iter_child_nodes(inner_node):
+                child.parent = inner_node  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        super().visit(node)
 
     def visit_keyword(self, node: ast.keyword) -> None:
         self.generic_visit(node)
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> Optional[str]:
         analyzer = Analyzer()
         analyzer.visit(tree)
         return analyzer.requires_python or None
-    except Exception:
+    except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
         return None
 
 
 def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> Optional[str]:
-    "Return the python requires string from the most canonical source available, or None"
+    """Return the python requires string from the most canonical source available, or None"""
 
     # Read in from pyproject.toml:project.requires-python
     try:
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> Optional[str]:
         pass
 
     try:
-        with (package_dir / "setup.py").open() as f2:
+        with (package_dir / "setup.py").open(encoding="utf8") as f2:
             return setup_py_python_requires(f2.read())
     except FileNotFoundError:
         pass

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
@@ -29,8 +30,10 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
@@ -65,14 +68,15 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_universal2", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.9/python-3.9.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.9/python-3.9.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_universal2", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.9/python-3.9.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.1/python-3.10.1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.1/python-3.10.1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.1/python-3.10.1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.7-osx64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.7-osx64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.12/python-3.9.12-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.12/python-3.9.12-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_universal2", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.12/python-3.9.12-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/python-3.10.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/python-3.10.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/python-3.10.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
 ]
 
 [windows]
@@ -83,12 +87,13 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7.9", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp38-win32", version = "3.8.10", arch = "32" },
   { identifier = "cp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8.10", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.9", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.9", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.1", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.1", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.9", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.1", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.7-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.7-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.12", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.12", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.4", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.4", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.4", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
 ]

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.10
+# To update, run:
+#
+#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#
+delocate==0.10.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.4
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.6.0
+    # via virtualenv
+platformdirs==2.5.1
+    # via virtualenv
+six==1.16.0
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==4.1.1
+    # via delocate
+virtualenv==20.14.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.37.1
+    # via
+    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+    #   delocate
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==22.0.4
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==61.3.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python36.txt

@@ -4,31 +4,27 @@
 #
 #    bin/update_dependencies.py
 #
-backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.1
-    # via virtualenv
-delocate==0.10.1
+delocate==0.10.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.4
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.4.0
+filelock==3.4.1
+    # via virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==4.8.3
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==4.8.2
-    # via
-    #   backports.entry-points-selectable
-    #   virtualenv
 importlib-resources==5.4.0
     # via virtualenv
 platformdirs==2.4.0
     # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
     # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.0.1
+typing-extensions==4.1.1
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   importlib-metadata
-virtualenv==20.10.0
+virtualenv==20.14.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.37.0
+wheel==0.37.1
     # via
     #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
     #   delocate

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python37.txt

@@ -4,37 +4,33 @@
 #
 #    bin/update_dependencies.py
 #
-backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.1
-    # via virtualenv
-delocate==0.10.1
+delocate==0.10.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.4
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.4.0
+filelock==3.6.0
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==4.8.2
-    # via
-    #   backports.entry-points-selectable
-    #   virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.4.0
+importlib-metadata==4.11.3
+    # via virtualenv
+platformdirs==2.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
     # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.0.1
+typing-extensions==4.1.1
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   importlib-metadata
-virtualenv==20.10.0
+virtualenv==20.14.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.37.0
+wheel==0.37.1
     # via
     #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
     #   delocate
-zipp==3.6.0
+zipp==3.7.0
     # via importlib-metadata
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==21.3.1
+pip==22.0.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==59.6.0
+setuptools==61.3.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python38.txt

@@ -4,29 +4,27 @@
 #
 #    bin/update_dependencies.py
 #
-backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.1
-    # via virtualenv
-delocate==0.10.1
+delocate==0.10.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.4
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.4.0
+filelock==3.6.0
     # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.4.0
+platformdirs==2.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
     # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.0.1
+typing-extensions==4.1.1
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.10.0
+virtualenv==20.14.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.37.0
+wheel==0.37.1
     # via
     #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
     #   delocate
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==21.3.1
+pip==22.0.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==59.6.0
+setuptools==61.3.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -4,29 +4,27 @@
 #
 #    bin/update_dependencies.py
 #
-backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.1
-    # via virtualenv
-delocate==0.10.1
+delocate==0.10.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.4
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.4.0
+filelock==3.6.0
     # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.4.0
+platformdirs==2.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
     # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.0.1
+typing-extensions==4.1.1
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.10.0
+virtualenv==20.14.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.37.0
+wheel==0.37.1
     # via
     #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
     #   delocate
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==21.3.1
+pip==22.0.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==59.6.0
+setuptools==61.3.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -4,29 +4,27 @@
 #
 #    bin/update_dependencies.py
 #
-backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.1
-    # via virtualenv
-delocate==0.10.1
+delocate==0.10.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.4
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.4.0
+filelock==3.6.0
     # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.4.0
+platformdirs==2.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
     # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.0.1
+typing-extensions==4.1.1
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.10.0
+virtualenv==20.14.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.37.0
+wheel==0.37.1
     # via
     #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
     #   delocate
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==21.3.1
+pip==22.0.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==59.6.0
+setuptools==61.3.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,43 +1,43 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2021-12-11-951973d
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2022-03-31-9afae1d
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
 
 [i686]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2021-12-11-951973d
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2022-03-31-9afae1d
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
 
 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-03-31-361e6b6
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2021-12-12-e5100b5
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2022-03-31-361e6b6
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2021-12-12-e5100b5
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2022-03-31-361e6b6
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-03-31-361e6b6
 

cibuildwheel/resources/virtualenv.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+version = "20.13.3"
+url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.13.3/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"

cibuildwheel/util.py

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import contextlib
+import dataclasses
 import fnmatch
 import itertools
 import os
 import re
+import shlex
 import ssl
 import subprocess
 import sys
@@ -10,25 +12,56 @@ import textwrap
 import time
 import urllib.request
 from enum import Enum
+from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path
 from time import sleep
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, TextIO
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    TextIO,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
 
 import bracex
 import certifi
 import tomli
+from filelock import FileLock
+from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 from packaging.version import Version
+from platformdirs import user_cache_path
 
-from .typing import Literal, PathOrStr, PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.typing import Final, Literal, PathOrStr, PlatformName
 
-resources_dir = Path(__file__).parent / "resources"
+__all__ = [
+    "resources_dir",
+    "MANYLINUX_ARCHS",
+    "call",
+    "shell",
+    "format_safe",
+    "prepare_command",
+    "get_build_verbosity_extra_flags",
+    "read_python_configs",
+    "selector_matches",
+    "strtobool",
+    "cached_property",
+]
 
-install_certifi_script = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
+resources_dir: Final = Path(__file__).parent / "resources"
+
+install_certifi_script: Final = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
 
 BuildFrontend = Literal["pip", "build"]
 
-MANYLINUX_ARCHS = (
+MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final = (
     "x86_64",
     "i686",
     "pypy_x86_64",
@@ -39,7 +72,7 @@ MANYLINUX_ARCHS = (
     "pypy_i686",
 )
 
-MUSLLINUX_ARCHS = (
+MUSLLINUX_ARCHS: Final = (
     "x86_64",
     "i686",
     "aarch64",
@@ -47,6 +80,64 @@ MUSLLINUX_ARCHS = (
     "s390x",
 )
 
+DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
+CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final = Path(os.environ.get("CIBW_CACHE_PATH", DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH)).resolve()
+
+IS_WIN: Final = sys.platform.startswith("win")
+
+
+@overload
+def call(
+    *args: PathOrStr,
+    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+    capture_stdout: Literal[False] = ...,
+) -> None:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def call(
+    *args: PathOrStr,
+    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+    capture_stdout: Literal[True],
+) -> str:
+    ...
+
+
+def call(
+    *args: PathOrStr,
+    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+    capture_stdout: bool = False,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Run subprocess.run, but print the commands first. Takes the commands as
+    *args. Uses shell=True on Windows due to a bug. Also converts to
+    Paths to strings, due to Windows behavior at least on older Pythons.
+    https://bugs.python.org/issue8557
+    """
+    args_ = [str(arg) for arg in args]
+    # print the command executing for the logs
+    print("+ " + " ".join(shlex.quote(a) for a in args_))
+    kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if capture_stdout:
+        kwargs["universal_newlines"] = True
+        kwargs["stdout"] = subprocess.PIPE
+    result = subprocess.run(args_, check=True, shell=IS_WIN, env=env, cwd=cwd, **kwargs)
+    if not capture_stdout:
+        return None
+    return cast(str, result.stdout)
+
+
+def shell(
+    *commands: str, env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None
+) -> None:
+    command = " ".join(commands)
+    print(f"+ {command}")
+    subprocess.run(command, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
+
 
 def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
     """
@@ -67,7 +158,7 @@ def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
 
     for key, value in kwargs.items():
         find_pattern = re.compile(
-            fr"""
+            rf"""
                 (?<!\#)  # don't match if preceded by a hash
                 {{  # literal open curly bracket
                 {re.escape(key)}  # the field name
@@ -76,11 +167,11 @@ def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
             re.VERBOSE,
         )
 
-        # we use a lambda for repl to prevent re.sub interpreting backslashes
-        # in repl as escape sequences
+        # we use a function for repl to prevent re.sub interpreting backslashes
+        # in repl as escape sequences.
         result = re.sub(
             pattern=find_pattern,
-            repl=lambda _: str(value),
+            repl=lambda _: str(value),  # pylint: disable=cell-var-from-loop
             string=result,
         )
 
@@ -131,6 +222,8 @@ def selector_matches(patterns: str, string: str) -> bool:
     return any(fnmatch.fnmatch(string, pat) for pat in expanded_patterns)
 
 
+# Once we require Python 3.10+, we can add kw_only=True
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class IdentifierSelector:
     """
     This class holds a set of build/skip patterns. You call an instance with a
@@ -141,20 +234,12 @@ class IdentifierSelector:
     """
 
     # a pattern that skips prerelease versions, when include_prereleases is False.
-    PRERELEASE_SKIP = ""
+    PRERELEASE_SKIP: ClassVar[str] = ""
 
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        *,
-        build_config: str,
-        skip_config: str,
-        requires_python: Optional[SpecifierSet] = None,
-        prerelease_pythons: bool = False,
-    ):
-        self.build_config = build_config
-        self.skip_config = skip_config
-        self.requires_python = requires_python
-        self.prerelease_pythons = prerelease_pythons
+    skip_config: str
+    build_config: str
+    requires_python: Optional[SpecifierSet] = None
+    prerelease_pythons: bool = False
 
     def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
         # Filter build selectors by python_requires if set
@@ -167,9 +252,7 @@ class IdentifierSelector:
                 return False
 
         # filter out the prerelease pythons if self.prerelease_pythons is False
-        if not self.prerelease_pythons and selector_matches(
-            BuildSelector.PRERELEASE_SKIP, build_id
-        ):
+        if not self.prerelease_pythons and selector_matches(self.PRERELEASE_SKIP, build_id):
             return False
 
         should_build = selector_matches(self.build_config, build_id)
@@ -177,28 +260,17 @@ class IdentifierSelector:
 
         return should_build and not should_skip
 
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        result = f"{self.__class__.__name__}(build_config={self.build_config!r}"
-
-        if self.skip_config:
-            result += f", skip_config={self.skip_config!r}"
-        if self.prerelease_pythons:
-            result += ", prerelease_pythons=True"
-
-        result += ")"
-
-        return result
-
 
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class BuildSelector(IdentifierSelector):
     pass
 
 
 # Note that requires-python is not needed for TestSelector, as you can't test
 # what you can't build.
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class TestSelector(IdentifierSelector):
-    def __init__(self, *, skip_config: str):
-        super().__init__(build_config="*", skip_config=skip_config)
+    build_config: str = "*"
 
 
 # Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/107717
@@ -231,18 +303,14 @@ def download(url: str, dest: Path) -> None:
     repeat_num = 3
     for i in range(repeat_num):
         try:
-            response = urllib.request.urlopen(url, context=context)
-        except Exception:
+            with urllib.request.urlopen(url, context=context) as response:
+                dest.write_bytes(response.read())
+                return
+
+        except urllib.error.URLError:
             if i == repeat_num - 1:
                 raise
             sleep(3)
-            continue
-        break
-
-    try:
-        dest.write_bytes(response.read())
-    finally:
-        response.close()
 
 
 class DependencyConstraints:
@@ -262,6 +330,7 @@ class DependencyConstraints:
         specific_stem = self.base_file_path.stem + f"-python{version_parts[0]}{version_parts[1]}"
         specific_name = specific_stem + self.base_file_path.suffix
         specific_file_path = self.base_file_path.with_name(specific_name)
+
         if specific_file_path.exists():
             return specific_file_path
         else:
@@ -352,19 +421,32 @@ def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Iterator[None]:
     existing_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
     yield
     final_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
-    new_contents = final_contents - existing_contents
+
+    class FileReport(NamedTuple):
+        name: str
+        size: str
+
+    new_contents = [
+        FileReport(wheel.name, f"{(wheel.stat().st_size + 1023) // 1024:,d}")
+        for wheel in final_contents - existing_contents
+    ]
+    max_name_len = max(len(f.name) for f in new_contents)
+    max_size_len = max(len(f.size) for f in new_contents)
     n = len(new_contents)
     s = time.time() - start_time
     m = s / 60
-    print(msg.format(n=n, s=s, m=m), *sorted(f"  {f.name}" for f in new_contents), sep="\n")
+    print(
+        msg.format(n=n, s=s, m=m),
+        *sorted(
+            f"  {f.name:<{max_name_len}s}   {f.size:>{max_size_len}s} kB" for f in new_contents
+        ),
+        sep="\n",
+    )
 
 
 def get_pip_version(env: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
-    # we use shell=True here for windows, even though we don't need a shell due to a bug
-    # https://bugs.python.org/issue8557
-    shell = sys.platform.startswith("win")
-    versions_output_text = subprocess.check_output(
-        ["python", "-m", "pip", "freeze", "--all"], universal_newlines=True, shell=shell, env=env
+    versions_output_text = call(
+        "python", "-m", "pip", "freeze", "--all", capture_stdout=True, env=env
     )
     (pip_version,) = (
         version[5:]
@@ -372,3 +454,110 @@ def get_pip_version(env: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
         if version.startswith("pip==")
     )
     return pip_version
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _ensure_virtualenv() -> Path:
+    input_file = resources_dir / "virtualenv.toml"
+    with input_file.open("rb") as f:
+        loaded_file = tomli.load(f)
+    version = str(loaded_file["version"])
+    url = str(loaded_file["url"])
+    path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"virtualenv-{version}.pyz"
+    with FileLock(str(path) + ".lock"):
+        if not path.exists():
+            download(url, path)
+    return path
+
+
+def _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(
+    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
+) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Parses the constraints file referenced by `dependency_constraint_flags` and returns a dict where
+    the key is the package name, and the value is the constraint version.
+    If a package version cannot be found, its value is "embed" meaning that virtualenv will install
+    its bundled version, already available locally.
+    The function does not try to be too smart and just handles basic constraints.
+    If it can't get an exact version, the real constraint will be handled by the
+    {macos|windows}.setup_python function.
+    """
+    assert len(dependency_constraint_flags) in {0, 2}
+    packages = ["pip", "setuptools", "wheel"]
+    constraints_dict = {package: "embed" for package in packages}
+    if len(dependency_constraint_flags) == 2:
+        assert dependency_constraint_flags[0] == "-c"
+        constraint_path = Path(dependency_constraint_flags[1])
+        assert constraint_path.exists()
+        with constraint_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as constraint_file:
+            for line in constraint_file:
+                line = line.strip()
+                if len(line) == 0:
+                    continue
+                if line.startswith("#"):
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    requirement = Requirement(line)
+                    package = requirement.name
+                    if (
+                        package not in packages
+                        or requirement.url is not None
+                        or requirement.marker is not None
+                        or len(requirement.extras) != 0
+                        or len(requirement.specifier) != 1
+                    ):
+                        continue
+                    specifier = next(iter(requirement.specifier))
+                    if specifier.operator != "==":
+                        continue
+                    constraints_dict[package] = specifier.version
+                except InvalidRequirement:
+                    continue
+    return constraints_dict
+
+
+def virtualenv(
+    python: Path, venv_path: Path, dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr]
+) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    assert python.exists()
+    virtualenv_app = _ensure_virtualenv()
+    constraints = _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(dependency_constraint_flags)
+    additional_flags = [f"--{package}={version}" for package, version in constraints.items()]
+
+    # Using symlinks to pre-installed seed packages is really the fastest way to get a virtual
+    # environment. The initial cost is a bit higher but reusing is much faster.
+    # Windows does not always allow symlinks so just disabling for now.
+    # Requires pip>=19.3 so disabling for "embed" because this means we don't know what's the
+    # version of pip that will end-up installed.
+    # c.f. https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/cli_interface.html#section-seeder
+    if (
+        not IS_WIN
+        and constraints["pip"] != "embed"
+        and Version(constraints["pip"]) >= Version("19.3")
+    ):
+        additional_flags.append("--symlink-app-data")
+
+    call(
+        sys.executable,
+        "-sS",  # just the stdlib, https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/2133#issuecomment-1003710125
+        virtualenv_app,
+        "--activators=",
+        "--no-periodic-update",
+        *additional_flags,
+        "--python",
+        python,
+        venv_path,
+    )
+    if IS_WIN:
+        paths = [str(venv_path), str(venv_path / "Scripts")]
+    else:
+        paths = [str(venv_path / "bin")]
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(paths + [env["PATH"]])
+    return env
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from functools import cached_property
+else:
+    from .functools_cached_property_38 import cached_property

cibuildwheel/windows.py

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ import os
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
-import tempfile
+from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence, Set
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
+from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.version import Version
 
 from .architecture import Architecture
@@ -15,36 +16,22 @@ from .logger import log
 from .options import Options
 from .typing import PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
     BuildFrontend,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
+    call,
     download,
     get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
     get_pip_version,
     prepare_command,
     read_python_configs,
+    shell,
+    virtualenv,
 )
 
-CIBW_INSTALL_PATH = Path("C:\\cibw")
 
-
-def call(
-    args: Sequence[PathOrStr], env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None
-) -> None:
-    print("+ " + " ".join(str(a) for a in args))
-    # we use shell=True here, even though we don't need a shell due to a bug
-    # https://bugs.python.org/issue8557
-    subprocess.run([str(a) for a in args], env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
-
-
-def shell(
-    command: str, env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None
-) -> None:
-    print(f"+ {command}")
-    subprocess.run(command, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
-
-
-def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str) -> List[str]:
+def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str, output_directory: Path) -> List[str]:
     platform_suffix = {"32": "x86", "64": "", "ARM64": "arm64"}
     python_name = "python" + platform_suffix[arch]
     return [
@@ -54,7 +41,7 @@ def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str) -> List[str]:
         "-FallbackSource",
         "https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json",
         "-OutputDirectory",
-        str(CIBW_INSTALL_PATH / "python"),
+        str(output_directory),
     ]
 
 
@@ -87,86 +74,74 @@ def get_python_configurations(
 
 
 def extract_zip(zip_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
-    with ZipFile(zip_src) as zip:
-        zip.extractall(dest)
+    with ZipFile(zip_src) as zip_:
+        zip_.extractall(dest)
 
 
-def install_cpython(version: str, arch: str, nuget: Path) -> Path:
-    nuget_args = get_nuget_args(version, arch)
-    installation_path = Path(nuget_args[-1]) / (nuget_args[0] + "." + version) / "tools"
-    call([nuget, "install", *nuget_args])
-    # "python3" is not included in the vanilla nuget package,
-    # though it can be present if modified (like on Azure).
-    if not (installation_path / "python3.exe").exists():
-        (installation_path / "python3.exe").symlink_to(installation_path / "python.exe")
-    return installation_path
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _ensure_nuget() -> Path:
+    nuget = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "nuget.exe"
+    with FileLock(str(nuget) + ".lock"):
+        if not nuget.exists():
+            download("https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe", nuget)
+    return nuget
 
 
-def install_pypy(version: str, arch: str, url: str) -> Path:
+def install_cpython(version: str, arch: str) -> Path:
+    base_output_dir = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "nuget-cpython"
+    nuget_args = get_nuget_args(version, arch, base_output_dir)
+    installation_path = base_output_dir / (nuget_args[0] + "." + version) / "tools"
+    with FileLock(str(base_output_dir) + f"-{version}-{arch}.lock"):
+        if not installation_path.exists():
+            nuget = _ensure_nuget()
+            call(nuget, "install", *nuget_args)
+    return installation_path / "python.exe"
+
+
+def install_pypy(tmp: Path, arch: str, url: str) -> Path:
     assert arch == "64" and "win64" in url
     # Inside the PyPy zip file is a directory with the same name
     zip_filename = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
     extension = ".zip"
     assert zip_filename.endswith(extension)
-    installation_path = CIBW_INSTALL_PATH / zip_filename[: -len(extension)]
-    if not installation_path.exists():
-        pypy_zip = CIBW_INSTALL_PATH / zip_filename
-        download(url, pypy_zip)
-        # Extract to the parent directory because the zip file still contains a directory
-        extract_zip(pypy_zip, installation_path.parent)
-    return installation_path
+    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / zip_filename[: -len(extension)]
+    with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
+        if not installation_path.exists():
+            pypy_zip = tmp / zip_filename
+            download(url, pypy_zip)
+            # Extract to the parent directory because the zip file still contains a directory
+            extract_zip(pypy_zip, installation_path.parent)
+    return installation_path / "python.exe"
 
 
 def setup_python(
+    tmp: Path,
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
     dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
     build_frontend: BuildFrontend,
 ) -> Dict[str, str]:
-
-    nuget = CIBW_INSTALL_PATH / "nuget.exe"
-    if not nuget.exists():
-        log.step("Downloading nuget...")
-        download("https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe", nuget)
-
+    tmp.mkdir()
     implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
     log.step(f"Installing Python {implementation_id}...")
-
     if implementation_id.startswith("cp"):
-        installation_path = install_cpython(
-            python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch, nuget
-        )
+        base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch)
     elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
         assert python_configuration.url is not None
-        installation_path = install_pypy(
-            python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch, python_configuration.url
-        )
+        base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.arch, python_configuration.url)
     else:
         raise ValueError("Unknown Python implementation")
-
-    assert (installation_path / "python.exe").exists()
+    assert base_python.exists()
 
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
+    venv_path = tmp / "venv"
+    env = virtualenv(base_python, venv_path, dependency_constraint_flags)
 
-    # set up PATH and environment variables for run_with_env
-    env = os.environ.copy()
+    # set up environment variables for run_with_env
     env["PYTHON_VERSION"] = python_configuration.version
     env["PYTHON_ARCH"] = python_configuration.arch
-    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
-        [str(installation_path), str(installation_path / "Scripts"), env["PATH"]]
-    )
     env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
 
-    log.step("Installing build tools...")
-
-    # Install pip
-
-    requires_reinstall = not (installation_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists()
-
-    if requires_reinstall:
-        # maybe pip isn't installed at all. ensurepip resolves that.
-        call(["python", "-m", "ensurepip"], env=env, cwd=CIBW_INSTALL_PATH)
-
     # pip older than 21.3 builds executables such as pip.exe for x64 platform.
     # The first re-install of pip updates pip module but builds pip.exe using
     # the old pip which still generates x64 executable. But the second
@@ -175,55 +150,41 @@ def setup_python(
     # pip versions newer than 21.3.
     if python_configuration.arch == "ARM64" and Version(get_pip_version(env)) < Version("21.3"):
         call(
-            [
-                "python",
-                "-m",
-                "pip",
-                "install",
-                "--force-reinstall",
-                "--upgrade",
-                "pip",
-                *dependency_constraint_flags,
-            ],
+            "python",
+            "-m",
+            "pip",
+            "install",
+            "--force-reinstall",
+            "--upgrade",
+            "pip",
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
             env=env,
-            cwd=CIBW_INSTALL_PATH,
+            cwd=venv_path,
         )
 
     # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
     # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip.exe'
     call(
-        [
-            "python",
-            "-m",
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--force-reinstall" if requires_reinstall else "--upgrade",
-            "pip",
-            *dependency_constraint_flags,
-        ],
+        "python",
+        "-m",
+        "pip",
+        "install",
+        "--upgrade",
+        "pip",
+        *dependency_constraint_flags,
         env=env,
-        cwd=CIBW_INSTALL_PATH,
+        cwd=venv_path,
     )
 
     # update env with results from CIBW_ENVIRONMENT
     env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
 
     # check what Python version we're on
-    call(["where", "python"], env=env)
-    call(["python", "--version"], env=env)
-    call(["python", "-c", "\"import struct; print(struct.calcsize('P') * 8)\""], env=env)
-    where_python = (
-        subprocess.run(
-            ["where", "python"],
-            env=env,
-            universal_newlines=True,
-            check=True,
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-        )
-        .stdout.splitlines()[0]
-        .strip()
-    )
-    if where_python != str(installation_path / "python.exe"):
+    call("where", "python", env=env)
+    call("python", "--version", env=env)
+    call("python", "-c", "\"import struct; print(struct.calcsize('P') * 8)\"", env=env)
+    where_python = call("where", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).splitlines()[0].strip()
+    if where_python != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "python.exe"):
         print(
             "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
             file=sys.stderr,
@@ -231,38 +192,35 @@ def setup_python(
         sys.exit(1)
 
     # check what pip version we're on
-    assert (installation_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists()
-    where_pip = (
-        subprocess.run(
-            ["where", "pip"], env=env, universal_newlines=True, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
-        )
-        .stdout.splitlines()[0]
-        .strip()
-    )
-    if where_pip.strip() != str(installation_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe"):
+    assert (venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists()
+    where_pip = call("where", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).splitlines()[0].strip()
+    if where_pip.strip() != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe"):
         print(
             "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
             file=sys.stderr,
         )
         sys.exit(1)
 
-    call(["pip", "--version"], env=env)
+    call("pip", "--version", env=env)
 
+    log.step("Installing build tools...")
     if build_frontend == "pip":
         call(
-            [
-                "pip",
-                "install",
-                "--upgrade",
-                "setuptools",
-                "wheel",
-                *dependency_constraint_flags,
-            ],
+            "pip",
+            "install",
+            "--upgrade",
+            "setuptools",
+            "wheel",
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
             env=env,
         )
     elif build_frontend == "build":
         call(
-            ["pip", "install", "--upgrade", "build[virtualenv]", *dependency_constraint_flags],
+            "pip",
+            "install",
+            "--upgrade",
+            "build[virtualenv]",
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
             env=env,
         )
     else:
@@ -271,11 +229,7 @@ def setup_python(
     return env
 
 
-def build(options: Options) -> None:
-    temp_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="cibuildwheel"))
-    built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
-    repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
-
+def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
         options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
     )
@@ -296,6 +250,11 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
+            identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
+            identifier_tmp_dir.mkdir()
+            built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
+            repaired_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
+
             dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr] = []
             if build_options.dependency_constraints:
                 dependency_constraint_flags = [
@@ -305,6 +264,7 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
 
             # install Python
             env = setup_python(
+                identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
                 config,
                 dependency_constraint_flags,
                 build_options.environment,
@@ -320,9 +280,7 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                 shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
 
             log.step("Building wheel...")
-            if built_wheel_dir.exists():
-                shutil.rmtree(built_wheel_dir)
-            built_wheel_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+            built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
             verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
 
@@ -330,16 +288,14 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                 # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                 # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
                 call(
-                    [
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "pip",
-                        "wheel",
-                        options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
-                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        "--no-deps",
-                        *get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity),
-                    ],
+                    "python",
+                    "-m",
+                    "pip",
+                    "wheel",
+                    options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
+                    f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                    "--no-deps",
+                    *get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity),
                     env=env,
                 )
             elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
@@ -354,25 +310,21 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                     # in uhi.  After probably pip 21.2, we can use uri. For
                     # now, use a temporary file.
                     if " " in str(constraints_path):
-                        tmp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
-                            "w", suffix="constraints.txt", delete=False, dir=CIBW_INSTALL_PATH
-                        )
-                        with tmp_file as new_constraints_file, open(constraints_path) as f:
-                            new_constraints_file.write(f.read())
-                            constraints_path = Path(new_constraints_file.name)
+                        assert " " not in str(identifier_tmp_dir)
+                        tmp_file = identifier_tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
+                        tmp_file.write_bytes(constraints_path.read_bytes())
+                        constraints_path = tmp_file
 
                     build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = str(constraints_path)
                     build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = get_pip_version(env)
                     call(
-                        [
-                            "python",
-                            "-m",
-                            "build",
-                            build_options.package_dir,
-                            "--wheel",
-                            f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                            f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
-                        ],
+                        "python",
+                        "-m",
+                        "build",
+                        build_options.package_dir,
+                        "--wheel",
+                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                        f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
                         env=build_env,
                     )
             else:
@@ -381,9 +333,7 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
             built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
             # repair the wheel
-            if repaired_wheel_dir.exists():
-                shutil.rmtree(repaired_wheel_dir)
-            repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+            repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
             if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                 raise NonPlatformWheelError()
@@ -403,12 +353,12 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                 log.step("Testing wheel...")
                 # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
                 # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-                call(["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env)
-                venv_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
+                call("pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
+                venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "venv-test"
 
                 # Use --no-download to ensure determinism by using seed libraries
                 # built into virtualenv
-                call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env)
+                call("python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir, env=env)
 
                 virtualenv_env = env.copy()
                 virtualenv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
@@ -419,7 +369,7 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                 )
 
                 # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
-                call(["where", "python"], env=virtualenv_env)
+                call("where", "python", env=virtualenv_env)
 
                 if build_options.before_test:
                     before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -431,13 +381,15 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
 
                 # install the wheel
                 call(
-                    ["pip", "install", str(repaired_wheel) + build_options.test_extras],
+                    "pip",
+                    "install",
+                    str(repaired_wheel) + build_options.test_extras,
                     env=virtualenv_env,
                 )
 
                 # test the wheel
                 if build_options.test_requires:
-                    call(["pip", "install"] + build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)
+                    call("pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)
 
                 # run the tests from c:\, with an absolute path in the command
                 # (this ensures that Python runs the tests against the installed wheel
@@ -449,13 +401,14 @@ def build(options: Options) -> None:
                 )
                 shell(test_command_prepared, cwd="c:\\", env=virtualenv_env)
 
-                # clean up
-                # (we ignore errors because occasionally Windows fails to unlink a file and we
-                # don't want to abort a build because of that)
-                shutil.rmtree(venv_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-
             # we're all done here; move it to output (remove if already exists)
             shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
+
+            # clean up
+            # (we ignore errors because occasionally Windows fails to unlink a file and we
+            # don't want to abort a build because of that)
+            shutil.rmtree(identifier_tmp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
+
             log.build_end()
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
         log.step_end_with_error(

docs/changelog.md

@@ -2,6 +2,19 @@
 title: Changelog
 ---
 
+### v2.4.0
+
+_2 April 2022_
+
+- ✨ cibuildwheel now supports running locally on Windows and macOS (as well as Linux). On macOS, you'll have to install the versions of Pythons that you want to use from Python.org, and cibuildwheel will use them. On Windows, cibuildwheel will install it's own versions of Python. Check out [the documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#local) for instructions. (#974)
+- ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.9 wheels. (#1031)
+- ✨ Listing at the end of the build now displays the size of each wheel (#975)
+- 🐛 Workaround a connection timeout bug on Travis CI ppc64le runners (#906)
+- 🐛 Fix an encoding error when reading setup.py in the wrong encoding (#977)
+- 🛠 Setuptools updated to 61.3.0, including experimental support for reading config from pyproject.toml(PEP 621). This could change the behaviour of your build if you have a pyproject.toml with a `[project]` table, because that takes precedence over setup.py and setup.cfg. Check out the [setuptools docs](https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/pyproject_config.html) and the [project metadata specification](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/declaring-project-metadata/) for more info.
+- 🛠 Many other dependency updates.
+- 📚 Minor docs improvements
+
 ### v2.3.1
 
 _14 December 2021_

docs/data/projects.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@
 # ci: [appveyor, github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci] (optional)
 # notes: (text, optional)
 
+- name: abess
+  gh: abess-team/abess
+  notes: A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions.
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+
 - name: Matplotlib
   gh: matplotlib/matplotlib
   notes: The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions
@@ -510,3 +516,15 @@
   notes: A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python
   ci: [github]
   os: [windows, apple, linux]
+
+- name: Arbor
+  gh: arbor-sim/arbor
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux]
+  pypi: arbor
+  notes: >
+    Arbor is a multi-compartment neuron simulation library; compatible with
+    next-generation accelerators; best-practices applied to research software;
+    focused on community-driven development. Includes a
+    [small script](https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor/blob/master/scripts/patchwheel.py)
+    patching `rpath` in bundled libraries.

docs/faq.md

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
 
 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.3.1
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.4.0
 ```
 
 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `
 
 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+cibuildwheel==2.4.0
 ```
 
 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:

docs/options.md

@@ -174,14 +174,13 @@ Default: `auto`
 
 `auto` will auto-detect platform using environment variables, such as `TRAVIS_OS_NAME`/`APPVEYOR`/`CIRCLECI`.
 
-- For `linux`, you need Docker running, on macOS or Linux.
-- For `macos`, you need a Mac machine. Note that cibuildwheel is going to install MacPython on your system, so you probably don't want to run this on your development machine.
-- For `windows`, you need to run in Windows. cibuildwheel will install required versions of Python to `C:\cibw\python` using NuGet.
+- For `linux`, you need Docker running, on Linux, macOS, or Windows.
+- For `macos` and `windows`, you need to be running on the respective system, with a working compiler toolchain installed - Xcode Command Line tools for macOS, and MSVC for Windows.
 
 This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line) `--platform`. This option is not available in the `pyproject.toml` config.
 
 !!! tip
-    If you have Docker installed, you can locally debug your cibuildwheel Linux config, instead of pushing to CI to test every change. For example:
+    You can use this option to locally debug your cibuildwheel config, instead of pushing to CI to test every change. For example:
 
     ```bash
     export CIBW_BUILD='cp37-*'
@@ -189,6 +188,7 @@ This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line) `--pl
     cibuildwheel --platform linux .
     ```
 
+    This is even more convenient if you store your cibuildwheel config in [`pyproject.toml`](#configuration-file).
 
 ### `CIBW_BUILD`, `CIBW_SKIP` {: #build-skip}
 
@@ -211,6 +211,7 @@ When setting the options, you can use shell-style globbing syntax, as per [fnmat
 | Python 3.10  | cp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp310-macosx_universal2<br/>cp310-macosx_arm64 | cp310-win_amd64<br/>cp310-win32<br/>cp310-win_arm64   | cp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-manylinux_i686<br/>cp310-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-musllinux_i686 | cp310-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp310-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-musllinux_s390x |
 | PyPy3.7 v7.3 | pp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp37-win_amd64                   | pp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp37-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp37-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
 | PyPy3.8 v7.3 | pp38-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp38-win_amd64                   | pp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp38-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp38-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
+| PyPy3.9 v7.3 | pp39-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp39-win_amd64                   | pp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp39-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp39-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
 
 The list of supported and currently selected build identifiers can also be retrieved by passing the `--print-build-identifiers` flag to cibuildwheel.
 The format is `python_tag-platform_tag`, with tags similar to those in [PEP 425](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0425/#details).
@@ -401,7 +402,7 @@ This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line)
 > Manually set the Python compatibility of your project
 
 By default, cibuildwheel reads your package's Python compatibility from
-`pyproject.toml` following [PEP621](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0621/)
+`pyproject.toml` following the [project metadata specification](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/declaring-project-metadata/)
 or from `setup.cfg`; finally it will try to inspect the AST of `setup.py` for a
 simple keyword assignment in a top level function call. If you need to override
 this behaviour for some reason, you can use this option.
@@ -415,42 +416,29 @@ Default: reads your package's Python compatibility from `pyproject.toml`
 `setup.py` `setup(python_requires="...")`. If not found, cibuildwheel assumes
 the package is compatible with all versions of Python that it can build.
 
-
 !!! note
-    Rather than using this option, it's recommended you set
-    `project.requires-python` in `pyproject.toml` instead:
-    Example `pyproject.toml`:
+    Rather than using this environment variable, it's recommended you set this value
+    statically in a way that your build backend can use it, too. This ensures
+    that your package's metadata is correct when published on PyPI. This
+    cibuildwheel-specific option is provided as an override, and therefore is only
+    available in environment variable form.
 
+      - If you have a `pyproject.toml` containing a `[project]` table, you can
+        specify `requires-python` there.
+
+        ```toml
         [project]
+        ...
         requires-python = ">=3.6"
+        ```
 
-        # Aside - in pyproject.toml you should always specify minimal build
-        # system options, like this:
+        Note that not all build backends fully support using a `[project]` table yet;
+        specifically setuptools just added experimental support in version 61.
+        Adding `[project]` to `pyproject.toml` requires all the other supported
+        values to be specified there, or to be listed in `dynamic`.
 
-        [build-system]
-        requires = ["setuptools>=42", "wheel"]
-        build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
-
-
-    Currently, setuptools has not yet added support for reading this value from
-    pyproject.toml yet, and so does not copy it to Requires-Python in the wheel
-    metadata. This mechanism is used by pip to scan through older versions of
-    your package until it finds a release compatible with the current version
-    of Python compatible when installing, so it is an important value to set if
-    you plan to drop support for a version of Python in the future.
-
-    If you don't want to list this value twice, you can also use the setuptools
-    specific location in `setup.cfg` and cibuildwheel will detect it from
-    there. Example `setup.cfg`:
-
-        [options]
-        python_requires = ">=3.6"
-
-
-This option is not available in `pyproject.toml` under
-`tool.cibuildwheel.project-requires-python`, since it should be set with the
-[PEP621](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0621/) location instead,
-`project.requires-python`.
+      - If you're using setuptools, [you can set this value in `setup.cfg` (preferred) or `setup.py`](https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/dependency_management.html#python-requirement)
+        and cibuildwheel will read it from there.
 
 #### Examples
 

docs/setup.md

@@ -5,31 +5,49 @@ title: 'Setup'
 # Run cibuildwheel locally (optional) {: #local}
 
 Before getting to CI setup, it can be convenient to test cibuildwheel
-locally to quickly iterate and track down issues. If you've got
-[Docker](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop) installed on
-your development machine, you can run a Linux build without even
-touching CI.
-
-!!! tip
-    You can run the Linux build on any platform. Even Windows can run
-    Linux containers these days, but there are a few  hoops to jump
-    through. Check [this document](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/windowscontainers/quick-start/quick-start-windows-10-linux)
-    for more info.
-
-This is convenient as it's quicker to iterate, and because the builds are
-happening in manylinux Docker containers, they're perfectly reproducible.
+locally to quickly iterate and track down issues without even touching CI.
 
 Install cibuildwheel and run a build like this:
 
-```sh
-pip install cibuildwheel
-cibuildwheel --platform linux
-```
+!!! tab "Linux"
 
-Or, using [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx):
-```sh
-pipx run cibuildwheel --platform linux
-```
+    Using [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx):
+    ```sh
+    pipx run cibuildwheel --platform linux
+    ```
+
+    Or,
+    ```sh
+    pip install cibuildwheel
+    cibuildwheel --platform linux
+    ```
+
+!!! tab "macOS"
+
+    Using [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx):
+    ```sh
+    pipx run cibuildwheel --platform macos
+    ```
+
+    Or,
+    ```sh
+    pip install cibuildwheel
+    cibuildwheel --platform macos
+    ```
+
+
+!!! tab "Windows"
+
+    Using [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx):
+    ```bat
+    pipx run cibuildwheel --platform windows
+    ```
+
+    Or,
+    ```bat
+    pip install cibuildwheel
+    cibuildwheel --platform windows
+    ```
 
 You should see the builds taking place. You can experiment with options using environment variables or pyproject.toml.
 
@@ -71,6 +89,53 @@ You should see the builds taking place. You can experiment with options using en
     cibuildwheel --platform linux
     ```
 
+## Linux builds
+
+If you've got [Docker](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop) installed on
+your development machine, you can run a Linux build.
+
+!!! tip
+    You can run the Linux build on any platform. Even Windows can run
+    Linux containers these days, but there are a few  hoops to jump
+    through. Check [this document](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/windowscontainers/quick-start/quick-start-windows-10-linux)
+    for more info.
+
+Because the builds are happening in manylinux Docker containers,
+they're perfectly reproducible.
+
+The only side effect to your system will be docker images being pulled.
+
+## macOS / Windows builds
+
+Pre-requisite: you need to have native build tools installed.
+
+Because the builds are happening without full isolation, there might be some
+differences compared to CI builds (Xcode version, Visual Studio version,
+OS version, local files, ...) that might prevent you from finding an issue only
+seen in CI.
+
+In order to speed-up builds, cibuildwheel will cache the tools it needs to be
+reused for future builds. The folder used for caching is system/user dependent and is
+reported in the printed preamble of each run (e.g. "Cache folder: /Users/Matt/Library/Caches/cibuildwheel").
+
+You can override the cache folder using the ``CIBW_CACHE_PATH`` environment variable.
+
+!!! warning
+    cibuildwheel uses official python.org macOS installers for CPython but
+    those can only be installed globally.
+
+    In order not to mess with your system, cibuildwheel won't install those if they are
+    missing. Instead, it will error out with a message to let you install the missing
+    CPython:
+
+    ```console
+    Error: CPython 3.6 is not installed.
+    cibuildwheel will not perform system-wide installs when running outside of CI.
+    To build locally, install CPython 3.6 on this machine, or, disable this version of Python using CIBW_SKIP=cp36-macosx_*
+
+    Download link: https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/python-3.6.8-macosx10.9.pkg
+    ```
+
 
 # Configure a CI service
 
@@ -118,7 +183,7 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
           - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
           - name: Build wheels
-            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.4.0
 
           - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
             with:
@@ -153,7 +218,7 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
           - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
 
           - name: Install cibuildwheel
-            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
 
           - name: Build wheels
             run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse

docs/working-examples.md

@@ -16,59 +16,60 @@ title: Working examples
 | [pydantic][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Data parsing and validation using Python type hints |
 | [uvloop][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast asyncio event loop. |
 | [psutil][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python |
-| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualize and explore big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
+| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
 | [Google Benchmark][]              | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A microbenchmark support library |
-| [asyncpg][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio. |
 | [Apache Beam][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Apache Beam is a unified programming model for Batch and Streaming |
+| [asyncpg][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio. |
 | [scikit-image][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project that uses Cython with platform-native code.  |
-| [twisted-iocpsupport][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] | A submodule of Twisted that hooks into native C APIs using Cython. |
 | [cmake][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an in-process SQL OLAP Database Management System |
+| [twisted-iocpsupport][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] | A submodule of Twisted that hooks into native C APIs using Cython. |
 | [websockets][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Library for building WebSocket servers and clients. Mostly written in Python, with a small C 'speedups' extension module.  |
 | [cvxpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A Python-embedded modeling language for convex optimization problems. |
-| [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |
 | [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
+| [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |
+| [River][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🌊 Online machine learning in Python |
 | [OpenSpiel][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | OpenSpiel is a collection of environments and algorithms for research in general reinforcement learning and search/planning in games. |
 | [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython and CFFI.  |
-| [River][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🌊 Online machine learning in Python |
-| [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
 | [aiortc][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebRTC and ORTC implementation for Python using asyncio. |
+| [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
 | [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
 | [tinyobjloader][]                 | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tiny but powerful single file wavefront obj loader |
+| [Dependency Injector][]           | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Dependency injection framework for Python, uses Windows TravisCI |
 | [coverage.py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The coverage tool for Python |
 | [PyCryptodome][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A self-contained cryptographic library for Python |
-| [Dependency Injector][]           | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Dependency injection framework for Python, uses Windows TravisCI |
-| [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, PyTables, pandas, bcolz and more |
 | [PyYAML][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] | Canonical source repository for PyYAML |
+| [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, PyTables, pandas, bcolz and more |
 | [h5py][]                          | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | HDF5 for Python -- The h5py package is a Pythonic interface to the HDF5 binary data format. |
 | [PyAV][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries. |
 | [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
-| [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
 | [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
+| [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
 | [OpenTimelineIO][]                | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Open Source API and interchange format for editorial timeline information. |
-| [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
 | [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by qpdf |
+| [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
 | [aioquic][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | QUIC and HTTP/3 implementation in Python |
-| [google neuroglancer][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebGL-based viewer for volumetric data |
 | [DeepForest][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | An Efficient, Scalable and Optimized Python Framework for Deep Forest (2021.2.1) |
+| [google neuroglancer][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebGL-based viewer for volumetric data |
+| [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
 | [Parselmouth][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python interface to the Praat software package, using pybind11, C++17 and CMake, with the core Praat static library built only once and shared between wheels. |
 | [AutoPy][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
-| [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
 | [H3-py][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for H3, a hierarchical hexagonal geospatial indexing system |
 | [markupsafe][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup. |
-| [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
 | [Rtree][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Rtree: spatial index for Python GIS ¶ |
+| [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
 | [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
 | [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
 | [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
 | [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
-| [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
 | [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
+| [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
 | [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
 | [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
 | [time-machine][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Time mocking library using only the CPython C API. |
+| [abess][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions. |
+| [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures. |
 | [matrixprofile][]                 | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python 3 library making time series data mining tasks, utilizing matrix profile algorithms, accessible to everyone. |
-| [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html). The Linux wheels also include CUDA libraries for GPU execution. |
 | [jq.py][]                         | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for jq |
 | [iminuit][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Jupyter-friendly Python interface for C++ MINUIT2 |
 | [Tokenizer][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast and customizable text tokenization library with BPE and SentencePiece support |
@@ -78,20 +79,21 @@ title: Working examples
 | [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast Base64 encoding/decoding in Python |
+| [Arbor][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Arbor is a multi-compartment neuron simulation library; compatible with next-generation accelerators; best-practices applied to research software; focused on community-driven development. Includes a [small script](https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor/blob/master/scripts/patchwheel.py) patching `rpath` in bundled libraries.  |
 | [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
 | [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
+| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
+| [polaroid][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Full range of wheels for setuptools rust, with auto release and PyPI deploy. |
 | [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
 | [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
-| [polaroid][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Full range of wheels for setuptools rust, with auto release and PyPI deploy. |
-| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
 | [clang-format][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels. |
 | [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
 | [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
+| [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python CFFI binding to libheif library with third party dependencies like `libde265`, `x265`, `libaom` with test & publishing on PyPi. |
 | [pyinstrument_cext][]             | ![travisci icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A simple C extension, without external dependencies |
 | [xmlstarlet][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python 3.6+ CFFI bindings with true MSVC build. |
 | [CorrectionLib][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Structured JSON powered correction library for HEP, designed for the CMS experiment at CERN. |
-| [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python CFFI binding to libheif library with third party dependencies like `libde265`, `x265`, `libaom` with test & publishing on PyPi. |
 | [SiPM][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | High performance library for SiPM detectors simulation using C++17, OpenMP and AVX2 intrinsics. |
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
@@ -104,57 +106,58 @@ title: Working examples
 [psutil]: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
 [vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
 [Google Benchmark]: https://github.com/google/benchmark
-[asyncpg]: https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg
 [Apache Beam]: https://github.com/apache/beam
+[asyncpg]: https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg
 [scikit-image]: https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image
-[twisted-iocpsupport]: https://github.com/twisted/twisted-iocpsupport
 [cmake]: https://github.com/scikit-build/cmake-python-distributions
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
+[twisted-iocpsupport]: https://github.com/twisted/twisted-iocpsupport
 [websockets]: https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets
 [cvxpy]: https://github.com/cvxpy/cvxpy
-[Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton
 [PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
+[Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton
+[River]: https://github.com/online-ml/river
 [OpenSpiel]: https://github.com/deepmind/open_spiel
 [pyzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq
-[River]: https://github.com/online-ml/river
-[vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
 [aiortc]: https://github.com/aiortc/aiortc
+[vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
 [Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
 [tinyobjloader]: https://github.com/tinyobjloader/tinyobjloader
+[Dependency Injector]: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 [coverage.py]: https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy
 [PyCryptodome]: https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome
-[Dependency Injector]: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
-[numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
 [PyYAML]: https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
+[numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
 [h5py]: https://github.com/h5py/h5py
 [PyAV]: https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV
 [OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
-[PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
 [Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
+[PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
 [OpenTimelineIO]: https://github.com/PixarAnimationStudios/OpenTimelineIO
-[ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
 [pikepdf]: https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf
+[ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
 [aioquic]: https://github.com/aiortc/aioquic
-[google neuroglancer]: https://github.com/google/neuroglancer
 [DeepForest]: https://github.com/LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
+[google neuroglancer]: https://github.com/google/neuroglancer
+[Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
 [Parselmouth]: https://github.com/YannickJadoul/Parselmouth
 [AutoPy]: https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy
-[Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
 [H3-py]: https://github.com/uber/h3-py
 [markupsafe]: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
-[python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
 [Rtree]: https://github.com/Toblerity/rtree
+[python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
 [python-snappy]: https://github.com/andrix/python-snappy
 [pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
 [KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
 [tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
-[dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
 [pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
+[dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
 [cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
 [sourmash]: https://github.com/dib-lab/sourmash
 [time-machine]: https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine
-[matrixprofile]: https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile
+[abess]: https://github.com/abess-team/abess
 [CTranslate2]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/CTranslate2
+[matrixprofile]: https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile
 [jq.py]: https://github.com/mwilliamson/jq.py
 [iminuit]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/iminuit
 [Tokenizer]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/Tokenizer
@@ -164,20 +167,21 @@ title: Working examples
 [iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
 [pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
+[Arbor]: https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor
 [etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
 [fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
+[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
+[polaroid]: https://github.com/daggy1234/polaroid
 [numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
 [pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
-[polaroid]: https://github.com/daggy1234/polaroid
-[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
 [clang-format]: https://github.com/ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
 [ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
 [pybind11 scikit_build_example]: https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example
 [GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd
+[pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
 [pyinstrument_cext]: https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument_cext
 [xmlstarlet]: https://github.com/dimitern/xmlstarlet
 [CorrectionLib]: https://github.com/cms-nanoAOD/correctionlib
-[pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
 [SiPM]: https://github.com/EdoPro98/SimSiPM
 
 [appveyor icon]: data/readme_icons/appveyor.svg
@@ -190,91 +194,93 @@ title: Working examples
 [apple icon]: data/readme_icons/apple.svg
 [linux icon]: data/readme_icons/linux.svg
 
-<!-- scikit-learn: 48265, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Tornado: 20306, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- pytorch-fairseq: 14811, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- Matplotlib: 14705, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- MyPy: 11966, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pydantic: 8289, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- uvloop: 8233, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- psutil: 7929, last pushed 5 days ago -->
-<!-- vaex: 6784, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Google Benchmark: 5975, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- asyncpg: 5208, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- Apache Beam: 5141, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- scikit-image: 4682, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- twisted-iocpsupport: 4437, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- cmake: 4340, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- duckdb: 3989, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- websockets: 3712, last pushed 22 days ago -->
-<!-- cvxpy: 3634, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Triton: 3402, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- PyOxidizer: 3377, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- OpenSpiel: 2978, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- pyzmq: 2968, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- River: 2967, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- vispy: 2769, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- aiortc: 2696, last pushed 10 days ago -->
-<!-- Confluent client for Kafka: 2572, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- tinyobjloader: 2362, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- coverage.py: 1851, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- PyCryptodome: 1812, last pushed 9 days ago -->
-<!-- Dependency Injector: 1758, last pushed 14 days ago -->
-<!-- numexpr: 1691, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- PyYAML: 1678, last pushed 10 days ago -->
-<!-- h5py: 1641, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- PyAV: 1406, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- OpenColorIO: 1201, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- PyTables: 1080, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Line Profiler: 983, last pushed 10 days ago -->
-<!-- OpenTimelineIO: 946, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- ruptures: 869, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- pikepdf: 827, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- aioquic: 790, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- google neuroglancer: 704, last pushed 9 days ago -->
-<!-- DeepForest: 686, last pushed 142 days ago -->
-<!-- Parselmouth: 596, last pushed 12 days ago -->
-<!-- AutoPy: 596, last pushed 178 days ago -->
-<!-- Psycopg 3: 544, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- H3-py: 457, last pushed 40 days ago -->
-<!-- markupsafe: 437, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- python-rapidjson: 433, last pushed 57 days ago -->
-<!-- Rtree: 432, last pushed 67 days ago -->
-<!-- python-snappy: 413, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 cmake_example: 336, last pushed 14 days ago -->
-<!-- KDEpy: 315, last pushed 192 days ago -->
-<!-- tgcalls: 293, last pushed 83 days ago -->
-<!-- dd-trace-py: 286, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 python_example: 285, last pushed 14 days ago -->
-<!-- cyvcf2: 279, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- sourmash: 267, last pushed 9 days ago -->
-<!-- time-machine: 236, last pushed 5 days ago -->
-<!-- matrixprofile: 217, last pushed 170 days ago -->
-<!-- CTranslate2: 213, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- jq.py: 189, last pushed 132 days ago -->
-<!-- iminuit: 189, last pushed 29 days ago -->
-<!-- Tokenizer: 161, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- PyGLM: 124, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- bx-python: 108, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- boost-histogram: 101, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- iDynTree: 92, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- TgCrypto: 80, last pushed 62 days ago -->
-<!-- pybase64: 76, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- etebase-py: 53, last pushed 342 days ago -->
-<!-- fathon: 41, last pushed 25 days ago -->
-<!-- numpythia: 32, last pushed 13 days ago -->
-<!-- pyjet: 31, last pushed 14 days ago -->
-<!-- polaroid: 27, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- Imagecodecs (fork): 26, last pushed 23 days ago -->
-<!-- clang-format: 22, last pushed 59 days ago -->
-<!-- ninja: 20, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 scikit_build_example: 19, last pushed 14 days ago -->
-<!-- GSD: 18, last pushed 25 days ago -->
-<!-- pyinstrument_cext: 10, last pushed 65 days ago -->
-<!-- xmlstarlet: 7, last pushed 34 days ago -->
-<!-- CorrectionLib: 7, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- pillow-heif: 7, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- SiPM: 4, last pushed 35 days ago -->
+<!-- scikit-learn: 49555, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Tornado: 20477, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- pytorch-fairseq: 16526, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- Matplotlib: 15257, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- MyPy: 12783, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pydantic: 9538, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- uvloop: 8496, last pushed 85 days ago -->
+<!-- psutil: 8240, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- vaex: 6968, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Google Benchmark: 6312, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Apache Beam: 5409, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- asyncpg: 5394, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- scikit-image: 4842, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- cmake: 4616, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- duckdb: 4607, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- twisted-iocpsupport: 4550, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- websockets: 3862, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- cvxpy: 3840, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- PyOxidizer: 3571, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Triton: 3552, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- River: 3261, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenSpiel: 3129, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- pyzmq: 3057, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- aiortc: 2857, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- vispy: 2836, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Confluent client for Kafka: 2699, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- tinyobjloader: 2460, last pushed 95 days ago -->
+<!-- Dependency Injector: 1986, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- coverage.py: 1972, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- PyCryptodome: 1961, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- PyYAML: 1785, last pushed 9 days ago -->
+<!-- numexpr: 1741, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- h5py: 1703, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- PyAV: 1503, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenColorIO: 1275, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Line Profiler: 1140, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- PyTables: 1113, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenTimelineIO: 1023, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pikepdf: 982, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- ruptures: 930, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- aioquic: 893, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- DeepForest: 737, last pushed 252 days ago -->
+<!-- google neuroglancer: 725, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- Psycopg 3: 638, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Parselmouth: 634, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- AutoPy: 629, last pushed 97 days ago -->
+<!-- H3-py: 498, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- markupsafe: 459, last pushed 17 days ago -->
+<!-- Rtree: 456, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- python-rapidjson: 447, last pushed 23 days ago -->
+<!-- python-snappy: 426, last pushed 15 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 cmake_example: 380, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- KDEpy: 356, last pushed 50 days ago -->
+<!-- tgcalls: 346, last pushed 83 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 python_example: 312, last pushed 81 days ago -->
+<!-- dd-trace-py: 300, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- cyvcf2: 294, last pushed 17 days ago -->
+<!-- sourmash: 281, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- time-machine: 274, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- abess: 258, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- CTranslate2: 254, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- matrixprofile: 250, last pushed 279 days ago -->
+<!-- jq.py: 206, last pushed 54 days ago -->
+<!-- iminuit: 197, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- Tokenizer: 169, last pushed 25 days ago -->
+<!-- PyGLM: 133, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- bx-python: 113, last pushed 86 days ago -->
+<!-- boost-histogram: 107, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- iDynTree: 98, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- TgCrypto: 94, last pushed 28 days ago -->
+<!-- pybase64: 82, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- Arbor: 70, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- etebase-py: 56, last pushed 95 days ago -->
+<!-- fathon: 43, last pushed 134 days ago -->
+<!-- Imagecodecs (fork): 41, last pushed 32 days ago -->
+<!-- polaroid: 35, last pushed 110 days ago -->
+<!-- numpythia: 33, last pushed 34 days ago -->
+<!-- pyjet: 32, last pushed 34 days ago -->
+<!-- clang-format: 32, last pushed 38 days ago -->
+<!-- ninja: 23, last pushed 10 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 scikit_build_example: 21, last pushed 51 days ago -->
+<!-- GSD: 19, last pushed 87 days ago -->
+<!-- pillow-heif: 16, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pyinstrument_cext: 10, last pushed 175 days ago -->
+<!-- xmlstarlet: 8, last pushed 11 days ago -->
+<!-- CorrectionLib: 8, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- SiPM: 5, last pushed 1 days ago -->
 
 <!-- END bin/projects.py -->
 

examples/appveyor-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ stack: python 3.7
 init:
 - cmd: set PATH=C:\Python37;C:\Python37\Scripts;%PATH%
 
-install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
 
 build_script: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
 

examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ jobs:
       inputs: {pathtoPublish: wheelhouse}
 
 - job: windows
-  pool: {vmImage: 'vs2017-win2016'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'windows-2019'}
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+        pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels

examples/circleci-minimal.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux wheels.
           command: |
-            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.4.0
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the OS X wheels.
           command: |
-            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/

examples/github-apple-silicon.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.3.1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.4.0
         env:
           CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2
 

examples/github-deploy.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.3.1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.4.0
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
         with:
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build_wheels, build_sdist]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     # upload to PyPI on every tag starting with 'v'
-    if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.event.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
+    if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
     # alternatively, to publish when a GitHub Release is created, use the following rule:
     # if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
     steps:

examples/github-minimal.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.3.1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.4.0
         # to supply options, put them in 'env', like:
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value

examples/github-with-qemu.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
           platforms: all
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.3.1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.4.0
         env:
           # configure cibuildwheel to build native archs ('auto'), and some
           # emulated ones

examples/gitlab-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ linux:
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:
     paths:

examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
         - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
 
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
 
 script:
   # build the wheels, put them into './dist'

examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
         - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
 
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0
 
 script:
   # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'

examples/travis-ci-test-and-deploy.yml

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
     - stage: deploy
       name: Build and deploy Linux wheels
       services: docker
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0 twine
       script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
     # Deploy on windows
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
       name: Build and deploy Windows wheels
       os: windows
       language: shell
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.4.0 twine
       script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
 

noxfile.py

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
+import os
 import shutil
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import nox
 
-nox.options.sessions = ["lint", "check_manifest", "tests"]
+nox.options.sessions = ["lint", "pylint", "check_manifest", "tests"]
 
-PYTHON_ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9"]
+PYTHON_ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
 
 DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
 
+if os.environ.get("CI", None):
+    nox.options.error_on_missing_interpreters = True
+
 
 @nox.session
 def tests(session: nox.Session) -> None:
@@ -34,6 +38,16 @@ def lint(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     session.run("pre-commit", "run", "--all-files", *session.posargs)
 
 
+@nox.session
+def pylint(session: nox.Session) -> None:
+    """
+    Run pylint.
+    """
+
+    session.install("pylint", ".")
+    session.run("pylint", "cibuildwheel", *session.posargs)
+
+
 @nox.session
 def check_manifest(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     """
@@ -56,11 +70,12 @@ def update_constraints(session: nox.Session) -> None:
 @nox.session
 def update_pins(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     """
-    Update the python and docker pins version inplace.
+    Update the python, docker and virtualenv pins version inplace.
     """
     session.install("-e", ".[bin]")
     session.run("python", "bin/update_pythons.py", "--force")
     session.run("python", "bin/update_docker.py")
+    session.run("python", "bin/update_virtualenv.py", "--force")
 
 
 @nox.session

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 [build-system]
 requires = [
     "setuptools>=42",
-    "wheel"
 ]
 
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
@@ -9,21 +8,24 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [tool.black]
 line-length = 100
-target-version = ['py36', 'py37', 'py38', 'py39']
+target-version = ['py36', 'py37', 'py38', 'py39', 'py310']
 
 
 [tool.isort]
 profile = "black"
-multi_line_output = 3
 
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
-minversion = 6.0
+minversion = "6.0"
+addopts = ["-ra", "--showlocals", "--strict-markers", "--strict-config"]
 junit_family = "xunit2"
 testpaths = [
     "test",
     "unit_test",
 ]
+xfail_strict = true
+filterwarnings = ["error"]
+log_cli_level = "info"
 
 
 [tool.mypy]
@@ -36,6 +38,8 @@ files = [
     "noxfile.py",
 ]
 warn_unused_configs = true
+show_error_codes = true
+
 warn_redundant_casts = true
 no_implicit_reexport = true
 strict_equality = true
@@ -47,6 +51,9 @@ disallow_any_generics = true
 warn_return_any = true
 no_implicit_optional = true
 
+enable_error_code = ["ignore-without-code", "redundant-expr", "truthy-bool"]
+warn_unreachable = true
+
 [[tool.mypy.overrides]]
 module = "cibuildwheel.*"
 disallow_untyped_defs = true
@@ -64,8 +71,6 @@ module = [
 ]
 ignore_missing_imports = true
 
-[tool.pycln]
-all = true
 
 [tool.check-manifest]
 ignore = [
@@ -81,3 +86,37 @@ ignore = [
     "requirements-dev.txt",
     "noxfile.py",
 ]
+
+[tool.pylint]
+master.py-version = "3.6"
+master.jobs = "0"
+master.fail-on = ["E", "F"]
+master.fail-under = "9.8"
+reports.output-format = "colorized"
+messages_control.enable = [
+  "useless-suppression",
+]
+messages_control.disable = [
+  "abstract-class-instantiated",  # filelock triggers this
+  "duplicate-code",
+  "fixme",
+  "invalid-name",
+  "line-too-long",
+  "missing-class-docstring",
+  "missing-function-docstring",
+  "missing-module-docstring",
+  "no-else-break",
+  "no-else-return",
+  "protected-access",
+  "too-few-public-methods",
+  "too-many-arguments",
+  "too-many-branches",
+  "too-many-instance-attributes",
+  "too-many-lines",
+  "too-many-locals",
+  "too-many-nested-blocks",
+  "too-many-return-statements",
+  "too-many-statements",
+  "unsubscriptable-object",
+  "wrong-import-position",
+]

setup.cfg

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [metadata]
 name = cibuildwheel
-version = 2.3.1
+version = 2.4.0
 description = Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration.
 long_description = file: README.md
 long_description_content_type = text/markdown
@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ install_requires =
     bashlex!=0.13
     bracex
     certifi
+    filelock
     packaging
+    platformdirs
     tomli
     dataclasses;python_version < '3.7'
     typing-extensions>=3.10.0.0;python_version < '3.8'

setup.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ extras = {
     "docs": [
         "mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin==2.8.0",
         "mkdocs==1.0.4",
+        "jinja2==3.0.3",
         "pymdown-extensions",
         "mkdocs-macros-plugin",
     ],
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ extras = {
         "jinja2",
         "pytest>=6",
         "pytest-timeout",
-        "pytest-xdist; sys_platform == 'linux'",
+        "pytest-xdist",
     ],
     "bin": [
         "click",
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@ extras = {
         "types-pyyaml",
         "types-click",
         "types-requests",
-        "types-toml",
     ],
 }
 

test/test_dependency_versions.py

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def test_dependency_constraints_file(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
         "pip": "20.0.2",
         "setuptools": "53.0.0",
         "wheel": "0.34.2",
-        "virtualenv": "20.0.35",
+        "virtualenv": "20.11.2",
     }
 
     constraints_file = tmp_path / "constraints file.txt"

test/test_manylinuxXXXX_only.py

@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@ def test(manylinux_image, tmp_path):
     if manylinux_image in {"manylinux1"}:
         # We don't have a manylinux1 image for PyPy & CPython 3.10 and above
         add_env["CIBW_SKIP"] = "pp* cp31*"
+    if manylinux_image in {"manylinux2010"}:
+        # We don't have a manylinux2010 image for PyPy 3.9
+        add_env["CIBW_SKIP"] = "pp39*"
 
     actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env=add_env)
 
@@ -88,4 +91,7 @@ def test(manylinux_image, tmp_path):
     if manylinux_image in {"manylinux1"}:
         # remove PyPy & CPython 3.10 and above
         expected_wheels = [w for w in expected_wheels if "-pp" not in w and "-cp31" not in w]
+    if manylinux_image in {"manylinux2010"}:
+        # remove PyPy 3.9
+        expected_wheels = [w for w in expected_wheels if "-pp39" not in w]
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)

test/utils.py

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ def expected_wheels(
     python_abi_tags = ["cp36-cp36m", "cp37-cp37m", "cp38-cp38", "cp39-cp39", "cp310-cp310"]
 
     if machine_arch in ["x86_64", "AMD64", "x86", "aarch64"]:
-        python_abi_tags += ["pp37-pypy37_pp73", "pp38-pypy38_pp73"]
+        python_abi_tags += ["pp37-pypy37_pp73", "pp38-pypy38_pp73", "pp39-pypy39_pp73"]
 
     if platform == "macos" and machine_arch == "arm64":
         # currently, arm64 macs are only supported by cp39 & cp310

unit_test/option_prepare_test.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import pytest
 from cibuildwheel import linux, util
 from cibuildwheel.__main__ import main
 
-ALL_IDS = {"cp36", "cp37", "cp38", "cp39", "cp310", "pp37", "pp38"}
+ALL_IDS = {"cp36", "cp37", "cp38", "cp39", "cp310", "pp37", "pp38", "pp39"}
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ before-all = "true"
 
     identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
     assert identifiers == {
-        f"{x}-manylinux_x86_64" for x in ALL_IDS - {"cp36", "cp310", "pp37", "pp38"}
+        f"{x}-manylinux_x86_64" for x in ALL_IDS - {"cp36", "cp310", "pp37", "pp38", "pp39"}
     }
     assert kwargs["options"].build_options("cp37-manylinux_x86_64").before_all == ""
 
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ before-all = "true"
         "cp310-manylinux_x86_64",
         "pp37-manylinux_x86_64",
         "pp38-manylinux_x86_64",
+        "pp39-manylinux_x86_64",
     }
 
     kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[3][1]

unit_test/projectfiles_test.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def test_read_setup_py_simple(tmp_path):
 
 
 def test_read_setup_py_full(tmp_path):
-    with open(tmp_path / "setup.py", "w") as f:
+    with open(tmp_path / "setup.py", "w", encoding="utf8") as f:
         f.write(
             dedent(
                 """
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ def test_read_setup_py_full(tmp_path):
 
                 setuptools.setup(
                     name = "hello",
+                    description = "≥“”ü",
                     other = 23,
                     example = ["item", "other"],
                     python_requires = "1.24",
@@ -43,7 +44,9 @@ def test_read_setup_py_full(tmp_path):
             )
         )
 
-    assert setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text()) == "1.24"
+    assert (
+        setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text(encoding="utf8")) == "1.24"
+    )
     assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) == "1.24"
 
 

unit_test/wheel_print_test.py

@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ from cibuildwheel.util import print_new_wheels
 def test_printout_wheels(tmp_path, capsys):
     tmp_path.joinpath("example.0").touch()
     with print_new_wheels("TEST_MSG: {n}", tmp_path):
-        tmp_path.joinpath("example.1").touch()
-        tmp_path.joinpath("example.2").touch()
+        tmp_path.joinpath("example.1").write_bytes(b"0" * 1023)
+        tmp_path.joinpath("example.2").write_bytes(b"0" * 1025)
 
     captured = capsys.readouterr()
     assert captured.err == ""
 
     assert "example.0" not in captured.out
-    assert "example.1\n" in captured.out
-    assert "example.2\n" in captured.out
+    assert "example.1   1 kB\n" in captured.out
+    assert "example.2   2 kB\n" in captured.out
     assert "TEST_MSG:" in captured.out
     assert "TEST_MSG: 2\n" in captured.out
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def test_no_printout_on_error(tmp_path, capsys):
             tmp_path.joinpath("example.1").touch()
             raise RuntimeError()
 
-    captured = capsys.readouterr()
+    captured = capsys.readouterr()  # type: ignore[unreachable]
     assert captured.err == ""
 
     assert "example.0" not in captured.out