Remove the DOCKER_HOST variable from gitlab configs

Update dependencies

Co-authored-by: cibuildwheel-bot[bot] <83877280+cibuildwheel-bot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
         merge-multiple: true
 
     - name: Generate artifact attestation for sdist and wheel
-      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@5e9cb68e95676991667494a6a4e59b8a2f13e1d0 # v1.3.3
+      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@6149ea5740be74af77f260b9db67e633f6b0a9a1 # v1.4.2
       with:
         subject-path: "dist/cibuildwheel-*"
 

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -52,17 +52,6 @@ jobs:
 
     - uses: yezz123/setup-uv@v4
 
-    # Install podman on this CI instance for podman tests on linux
-    # Snippet from: https://github.com/redhat-actions/podman-login/blob/main/.github/workflows/example.yml
-    - name: Install latest podman
-      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-      run: |
-        . /etc/os-release
-        echo "deb https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_${VERSION_ID}/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
-        curl -sSfL "https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_${VERSION_ID}/Release.key" | sudo apt-key add -
-        sudo apt-get update
-        sudo apt-get -y install podman
-
     # free some space to prevent reaching GHA disk space limits
     - name: Clean docker images
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ linux:
       entrypoint: ["env", "-u", "DOCKER_HOST"]
       command: ["dockerd-entrypoint.sh"]
   variables:
-    DOCKER_HOST: tcp://docker:2375/
     DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
     # See https://github.com/docker-library/docker/pull/166
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ repos:
   - id: trailing-whitespace
 
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.5.5
+  rev: v0.6.3
   hooks:
   - id: ruff
     args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
   - id: ruff-format
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v1.11.0
+  rev: v1.11.2
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
     name: mypy 3.8 on cibuildwheel/
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ repos:
 
 
 - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-  rev: 0.29.1
+  rev: 0.29.2
   hooks:
     - id: check-dependabot
     - id: check-github-actions

.travis.yml

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ jobs:
       python: 3.9
       services: docker
       arch: s390x
+      allow_failure: True
       env: PYTHON=python
 
 install:
@@ -56,5 +57,7 @@ script: |
   (while true; do echo "travis_keep_alive"; sleep 300; done) &
   SPINNER_PID=$!
   disown
-  $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py --num-processes 2
+  result=0
+  $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py --num-processes 2 || result=1
   kill -9 ${SPINNER_PID}
+  test ${result} -eq 0

CI.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 This is a summary of the host Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
 
-|         | 3.8                                          | 3.9       | 3.10      | 3.11    | 3.12                                 |
+|         | 3.8                              | 3.9       | 3.10      | 3.11    | 3.12                                             |
-|---------|----------------------------------------------|-----------|-----------|---------|--------------------------------------|
+|---------|----------------------------------|-----------|-----------|---------|--------------------------------------------------|
-| Linux   | AppVeyor¹ / Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | Travis CI | Cirrus CI |         | CircleCI¹ / GitHub Actions / GitLab¹ |
+| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | Travis CI | Cirrus CI |         | AppVeyor¹ / CircleCI¹ / GitHub Actions / GitLab¹ |
-| macOS   | AppVeyor¹ / Azure Pipelines                  |           | Cirrus CI | GitLab¹ | CircleCI¹ / GitHub Actions           |
+| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  |           | Cirrus CI | GitLab¹ | AppVeyor¹ /CircleCI¹ / GitHub Actions            |
-| Windows | AppVeyor¹ / Azure Pipelines                  | Travis CI | Cirrus CI |         | GitHub Actions / GitLab¹             |
+| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | Travis CI | Cirrus CI |         | AppVeyor¹ / GitHub Actions / GitLab¹             |
 
 > ¹ Runs a reduced set of tests to reduce CI load
 

README.md

@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
-| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
 [pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
-[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
+[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
 environment:
   matrix:
-    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Ubuntu
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Ubuntu2204
-      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python38-x64-ubuntu"
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python312-x64-ubuntu"
-    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2022
-      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python38-x64-vs2015"
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python312-x64-vs2022"
-    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: macos
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: macos-sonoma
-      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python38-x64-macos"
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python312-x64-macos"
 
-stack: python 3.8
+stack: python 3.12
 
 build: off
 
 init:
-- cmd: set PATH=C:\Python38;C:\Python38\Scripts;%PATH%
 - ps: |
       $BRANCH = if ($env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_HEAD_REPO_BRANCH) { $env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_HEAD_REPO_BRANCH } else { $env:APPVEYOR_REPO_BRANCH }
       if (-not ($BRANCH -eq 'main' -or $BRANCH.ToLower().StartsWith('appveyor-'))) {
-        $env:PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code'
+        $env:PYTEST_ADDOPTS = '-k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code'
       }
-      python -m pip install -U pip
 
-install: python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
+install:
+  - python -m pip install -U pip
+  - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
 
 # the '-u' flag is required so the output is in the correct order.
 # See https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/24 for more info.

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ def _compute_platform_auto() -> PlatformName:
 
 
 def _compute_platform(args: CommandLineArguments) -> PlatformName:
-    platform_option_value = args.platform or os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "auto")
+    platform_option_value = args.platform or os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "") or "auto"
 
     if args.only and args.platform is not None:
         msg = "--platform cannot be specified with --only, it is computed from --only"

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ import enum
 import functools
 import shlex
 import textwrap
-from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Iterator, Set
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Set
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Literal, Mapping, Sequence, TypedDict, Union  # noqa: TID251
+from typing import Any, Literal, Mapping, Sequence, Union  # noqa: TID251
 
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 
 from . import errors
 from ._compat import tomllib
-from ._compat.typing import NotRequired, assert_never
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
 from .logger import log
@@ -118,13 +118,16 @@ class BuildOptions:
         return self.globals.architectures
 
 
-Setting = Union[Mapping[str, str], Sequence[str], str, int, bool]
+SettingLeaf = Union[str, int, bool]
+SettingList = Sequence[SettingLeaf]
+SettingTable = Mapping[str, Union[SettingLeaf, SettingList]]
+SettingValue = Union[SettingTable, SettingList, SettingLeaf]
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class Override:
     select_pattern: str
-    options: dict[str, Setting]
+    options: dict[str, SettingValue]
     inherit: dict[str, InheritRule]
 
 
@@ -137,22 +140,123 @@ DISALLOWED_OPTIONS = {
 }
 
 
-class TableFmt(TypedDict):
+class OptionsReaderError(errors.ConfigurationError):
-    # a format string, used with '.format', with `k` and `v` parameters
-    # e.g. "{k}={v}"
-    item: str
-    # the string that is inserted between items
-    # e.g. " "
-    sep: str
-    # a quoting function that, if supplied, is called to quote each value
-    # e.g. shlex.quote
-    quote: NotRequired[Callable[[str], str]]
-
-
-class ConfigOptionError(KeyError):
     pass
 
 
+class OptionFormat:
+    """
+    Base class for option format specifiers. These objects describe how values
+    can be parsed from rich TOML values and how they're merged together.
+    """
+
+    class NotSupported(Exception):
+        pass
+
+    def format_list(self, value: SettingList) -> str:  # noqa: ARG002
+        raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
+
+    def format_table(self, table: SettingTable) -> str:  # noqa: ARG002
+        raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
+
+    def merge_values(self, before: str, after: str) -> str:  # noqa: ARG002
+        raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
+
+
+class ListFormat(OptionFormat):
+    """
+    A format that joins lists with a separator.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sep: str) -> None:
+        self.sep = sep
+
+    def format_list(self, value: SettingList) -> str:
+        return self.sep.join(str(v) for v in value)
+
+    def merge_values(self, before: str, after: str) -> str:
+        return f"{before}{self.sep}{after}"
+
+
+class ShlexTableFormat(OptionFormat):
+    """
+    The standard table format uses shlex.quote to quote values and shlex.split
+    to unquote and split them. When merging values, keys in before are
+    replaced by keys in after.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sep: str = " ", pair_sep: str = "=", allow_merge: bool = True) -> None:
+        self.sep = sep
+        self.pair_sep = pair_sep
+        self.allow_merge = allow_merge
+
+    def format_table(self, table: SettingTable) -> str:
+        assignments: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+        for k, v in table.items():
+            if shlex.split(k) != [k]:
+                msg = f"Invalid table key: {k}"
+                raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
+
+            if isinstance(v, str):
+                assignments.append((k, v))
+            elif isinstance(v, Sequence):
+                for inner_v in v:
+                    assignments.append((k, str(inner_v)))
+            else:
+                assignments.append((k, str(v)))
+
+        return self.sep.join(f"{k}{self.pair_sep}{shlex.quote(v)}" for k, v in assignments)
+
+    def merge_values(self, before: str, after: str) -> str:
+        if not self.allow_merge:
+            raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
+
+        before_dict = self.parse_table(before)
+        after_dict = self.parse_table(after)
+
+        return self.format_table({**before_dict, **after_dict})
+
+    def parse_table(self, table: str) -> Mapping[str, str | Sequence[str]]:
+        assignments: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+        for assignment_str in shlex.split(table):
+            key, sep, value = assignment_str.partition(self.pair_sep)
+
+            if not sep:
+                msg = f"malformed option with value {assignment_str!r}"
+                raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
+
+            assignments.append((key, value))
+
+        result: dict[str, str | list[str]] = {}
+
+        for key, value in assignments:
+            if key in result:
+                existing_value = result[key]
+                if isinstance(existing_value, list):
+                    result[key] = [*existing_value, value]
+                else:
+                    result[key] = [existing_value, value]
+            else:
+                result[key] = value
+
+        return result
+
+
+class EnvironmentFormat(OptionFormat):
+    """
+    The environment format accepts a table of environment variables, where the
+    values may contain variables or command substitutions.
+    """
+
+    def format_table(self, table: SettingTable) -> str:
+        return " ".join(f'{k}="{v}"' for k, v in table.items())
+
+    def merge_values(self, before: str, after: str) -> str:
+        return f"{before} {after}"
+
+
 class InheritRule(enum.Enum):
     NONE = enum.auto()
     APPEND = enum.auto()
@@ -160,10 +264,9 @@ class InheritRule(enum.Enum):
 
 
 def _resolve_cascade(
-    *pairs: tuple[Setting | None, InheritRule],
+    *pairs: tuple[SettingValue | None, InheritRule],
     ignore_empty: bool = False,
-    list_sep: str | None = None,
+    option_format: OptionFormat | None = None,
-    table_format: TableFmt | None = None,
 ) -> str:
     """
     Given a cascade of values with inherit rules, resolve them into a single
@@ -186,13 +289,6 @@ def _resolve_cascade(
 
     result: str | None = None
 
-    if table_format is not None:
-        merge_sep = table_format["sep"]
-    elif list_sep is not None:
-        merge_sep = list_sep
-    else:
-        merge_sep = None
-
     for value, rule in pairs:
         if value is None:
             continue
@@ -200,14 +296,9 @@ def _resolve_cascade(
         if ignore_empty and not value and value is not False:
             continue
 
-        value_string = _stringify_setting(value, list_sep, table_format)
+        value_string = _stringify_setting(value, option_format=option_format)
 
-        result = _merge_values(
+        result = _apply_inherit_rule(result, value_string, rule=rule, option_format=option_format)
-            result,
-            value_string,
-            rule=rule,
-            merge_sep=merge_sep,
-        )
 
     if result is None:
         msg = "a setting should at least have a default value"
@@ -217,7 +308,9 @@ def _resolve_cascade(
 
 
 # pylint: disable-next=inconsistent-return-statements
-def _merge_values(before: str | None, after: str, rule: InheritRule, merge_sep: str | None) -> str:
+def _apply_inherit_rule(
+    before: str | None, after: str, rule: InheritRule, option_format: OptionFormat | None
+) -> str:
     if rule == InheritRule.NONE:
         return after
 
@@ -230,34 +323,39 @@ def _merge_values(before: str | None, after: str, rule: InheritRule, merge_sep:
         # if after is an empty string, we shouldn't add any separator
         return before
 
-    if not merge_sep:
+    if not option_format:
         msg = f"Don't know how to merge {before!r} and {after!r} with {rule}"
-        raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+        raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
 
     if rule == InheritRule.APPEND:
-        return f"{before}{merge_sep}{after}"
+        return option_format.merge_values(before, after)
     elif rule == InheritRule.PREPEND:
-        return f"{after}{merge_sep}{before}"
+        return option_format.merge_values(after, before)
     else:
         assert_never(rule)
 
 
 def _stringify_setting(
-    setting: Setting, list_sep: str | None, table_format: TableFmt | None
+    setting: SettingValue,
+    option_format: OptionFormat | None,
 ) -> str:
     if isinstance(setting, Mapping):
-        if table_format is None:
+        try:
+            if option_format is None:
+                raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
+            return option_format.format_table(setting)
+        except OptionFormat.NotSupported:
             msg = f"Error converting {setting!r} to a string: this setting doesn't accept a table"
-            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+            raise OptionsReaderError(msg) from None
-        return table_format["sep"].join(
-            item for k, v in setting.items() for item in _inner_fmt(k, v, table_format)
-        )
 
     if not isinstance(setting, str) and isinstance(setting, Sequence):
-        if list_sep is None:
+        try:
+            if option_format is None:
+                raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
+            return option_format.format_list(setting)
+        except OptionFormat.NotSupported:
             msg = f"Error converting {setting!r} to a string: this setting doesn't accept a list"
-            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+            raise OptionsReaderError(msg) from None
-        return list_sep.join(setting)
 
     if isinstance(setting, (bool, int)):
         return str(setting)
@@ -323,14 +421,14 @@ class OptionsReader:
         if config_overrides is not None:
             if not isinstance(config_overrides, list):
                 msg = "'tool.cibuildwheel.overrides' must be a list"
-                raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+                raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
 
             for config_override in config_overrides:
                 select = config_override.pop("select", None)
 
                 if not select:
                     msg = "'select' must be set in an override"
-                    raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+                    raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
 
                 if isinstance(select, list):
                     select = " ".join(select)
@@ -340,7 +438,7 @@ class OptionsReader:
                     i in {"none", "append", "prepend"} for i in inherit.values()
                 ):
                     msg = "'inherit' must be a dict containing only {'none', 'append', 'prepend'} values"
-                    raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+                    raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
 
                 inherit_enum = {k: InheritRule[v.upper()] for k, v in inherit.items()}
 
@@ -358,7 +456,7 @@ class OptionsReader:
             matches = difflib.get_close_matches(name, allowed_option_names, 1, 0.7)
             if matches:
                 msg += f" Perhaps you meant {matches[0]!r}?"
-            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+            raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
 
     def _validate_platform_option(self, name: str) -> None:
         """
@@ -368,7 +466,7 @@ class OptionsReader:
         disallowed_platform_options = self.disallow.get(self.platform, set())
         if name in disallowed_platform_options:
             msg = f"{name!r} is not allowed in {disallowed_platform_options}"
-            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+            raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
 
         allowed_option_names = self.default_options.keys() | self.default_platform_options.keys()
 
@@ -377,7 +475,7 @@ class OptionsReader:
             matches = difflib.get_close_matches(name, allowed_option_names, 1, 0.7)
             if matches:
                 msg += f" Perhaps you meant {matches[0]!r}?"
-            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+            raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
 
     def _load_file(self, filename: Path) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
         """
@@ -412,8 +510,7 @@ class OptionsReader:
         name: str,
         *,
         env_plat: bool = True,
-        list_sep: str | None = None,
+        option_format: OptionFormat | None = None,
-        table_format: TableFmt | None = None,
         ignore_empty: bool = False,
     ) -> str:
         """
@@ -429,7 +526,7 @@ class OptionsReader:
 
         if name not in self.default_options and name not in self.default_platform_options:
             msg = f"{name!r} must be in cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml file to be accessed."
-            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+            raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
 
         # Environment variable form
         envvar = f"CIBW_{name.upper().replace('-', '_')}"
@@ -449,26 +546,10 @@ class OptionsReader:
             (self.env.get(envvar), InheritRule.NONE),
             (self.env.get(plat_envvar) if env_plat else None, InheritRule.NONE),
             ignore_empty=ignore_empty,
-            list_sep=list_sep,
+            option_format=option_format,
-            table_format=table_format,
         )
 
 
-def _inner_fmt(k: str, v: Any, table: TableFmt) -> Iterator[str]:
-    quote_function = table.get("quote", lambda a: a)
-
-    if isinstance(v, list):
-        for inner_v in v:
-            qv = quote_function(inner_v)
-            yield table["item"].format(k=k, v=qv)
-    elif isinstance(v, bool):
-        qv = quote_function(str(v))
-        yield table["item"].format(k=k, v=qv)
-    else:
-        qv = quote_function(v)
-        yield table["item"].format(k=k, v=qv)
-
-
 class Options:
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -513,9 +594,11 @@ class Options:
         package_dir = args.package_dir
         output_dir = args.output_dir
 
-        build_config = self.reader.get("build", env_plat=False, list_sep=" ") or "*"
+        build_config = (
-        skip_config = self.reader.get("skip", env_plat=False, list_sep=" ")
+            self.reader.get("build", env_plat=False, option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")) or "*"
-        test_skip = self.reader.get("test-skip", env_plat=False, list_sep=" ")
+        )
+        skip_config = self.reader.get("skip", env_plat=False, option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "))
+        test_skip = self.reader.get("test-skip", env_plat=False, option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "))
 
         free_threaded_support = strtobool(
             self.reader.get("free-threaded-support", env_plat=False, ignore_empty=True)
@@ -534,7 +617,7 @@ class Options:
         )
         requires_python = None if requires_python_str is None else SpecifierSet(requires_python_str)
 
-        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", list_sep=" ")
+        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "))
         architectures = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=self.platform)
 
         # Process `--only`
@@ -569,30 +652,33 @@ class Options:
         """
 
         with self.reader.identifier(identifier):
-            before_all = self.reader.get("before-all", list_sep=" && ")
+            before_all = self.reader.get("before-all", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" && "))
 
-            environment_config = self.reader.get(
+            environment_config = self.reader.get("environment", option_format=EnvironmentFormat())
-                "environment", table_format={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "}
+            environment_pass = self.reader.get(
+                "environment-pass", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
+            ).split()
+            before_build = self.reader.get("before-build", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" && "))
+            repair_command = self.reader.get(
+                "repair-wheel-command", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" && ")
             )
-            environment_pass = self.reader.get("environment-pass", list_sep=" ").split()
-            before_build = self.reader.get("before-build", list_sep=" && ")
-            repair_command = self.reader.get("repair-wheel-command", list_sep=" && ")
             config_settings = self.reader.get(
-                "config-settings",
+                "config-settings", option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep=" ", pair_sep="=")
-                table_format={"item": "{k}={v}", "sep": " ", "quote": shlex.quote},
             )
 
             dependency_versions = self.reader.get("dependency-versions")
-            test_command = self.reader.get("test-command", list_sep=" && ")
+            test_command = self.reader.get("test-command", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" && "))
-            before_test = self.reader.get("before-test", list_sep=" && ")
+            before_test = self.reader.get("before-test", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" && "))
-            test_requires = self.reader.get("test-requires", list_sep=" ").split()
+            test_requires = self.reader.get(
-            test_extras = self.reader.get("test-extras", list_sep=",")
+                "test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
+            ).split()
+            test_extras = self.reader.get("test-extras", option_format=ListFormat(sep=","))
             build_verbosity_str = self.reader.get("build-verbosity")
 
             build_frontend_str = self.reader.get(
                 "build-frontend",
                 env_plat=False,
-                table_format={"item": "{k}:{v}", "sep": "; ", "quote": shlex.quote},
+                option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
             )
             build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig | None
             if not build_frontend_str or build_frontend_str == "default":
@@ -674,7 +760,7 @@ class Options:
 
             container_engine_str = self.reader.get(
                 "container-engine",
-                table_format={"item": "{k}:{v}", "sep": "; ", "quote": shlex.quote},
+                option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
             )
 
             try:

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.9/python-3.11.9-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.9/python-3.11.9-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp311-macosx_universal2", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.9/python-3.11.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.4/python-3.12.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.5/python-3.12.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.4/python-3.12.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.5/python-3.12.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.4/python-3.12.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.5/python-3.12.5-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/python-3.13.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/python-3.13.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/python-3.13.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.17-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.17-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
 ]
 
 [windows]
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.9", arch = "32" },
   { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.9", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.4", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.5", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.4", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.5", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.0-rc1", arch = "32" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.0-rc1", arch = "32" },
   { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.0-rc1", arch = "64" },
@@ -161,13 +161,13 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.9", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.4", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.5", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.0-rc1", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.0-rc1", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.17-win64.zip" },
 ]
 
 [pyodide]

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide312.txt

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ build==1.2.1
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2024.7.4
+certifi==2024.8.30
     # via
     #   httpcore
     #   httpx
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ click==8.1.7
     # via typer
 cloudpickle==3.0.0
     # via loky
-cmake==3.30.1
+cmake==3.30.2
     # via pyodide-build
 distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ h11==0.14.0
     # via httpcore
 httpcore==1.0.5
     # via httpx
-httpx==0.27.0
+httpx==0.27.2
     # via unearth
-idna==3.7
+idna==3.8
     # via
     #   anyio
     #   httpx
@@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ pyodide-lock==0.1.0a6
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.1.0
     # via build
-pyyaml==6.0.1
+pyyaml==6.0.2
     # via pyodide-build
 requests==2.32.3
     # via pyodide-build
 resolvelib==1.0.1
     # via pyodide-build
-rich==13.7.1
+rich==13.8.0
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ sniffio==1.3.1
     # via
     #   anyio
     #   httpx
-typer==0.12.3
+typer==0.12.5
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ typing-extensions==4.12.2
     #   pydantic
     #   pydantic-core
     #   typer
-unearth==0.16.1
+unearth==0.17.2
     # via pyodide-build
 urllib3==2.2.2
     # via
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ virtualenv==20.26.3
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
-wheel==0.43.0
+wheel==0.44.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ altgraph==0.17.4
     # via macholib
 build==1.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.11.0
+delocate==0.12.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.15.4
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.2.0
+importlib-metadata==8.4.0
     # via build
 macholib==1.16.3
     # via delocate
@@ -30,5 +30,5 @@ typing-extensions==4.12.2
     # via delocate
 virtualenv==20.26.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-zipp==3.19.2
+zipp==3.20.1
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python311.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ altgraph==0.17.4
     # via macholib
 build==1.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.11.0
+delocate==0.12.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python312.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ altgraph==0.17.4
     # via macholib
 build==1.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.11.0
+delocate==0.12.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python313.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ altgraph==0.17.4
     # via macholib
 build==1.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.11.0
+delocate==0.12.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python37.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ altgraph==0.17.4
     # via macholib
 build==1.1.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.11.0
+delocate==0.12.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python38.txt

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ altgraph==0.17.4
     # via macholib
 build==1.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.11.0
+delocate==0.12.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.15.4
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.2.0
+importlib-metadata==8.4.0
     # via build
 macholib==1.16.3
     # via delocate
@@ -30,5 +30,5 @@ typing-extensions==4.12.2
     # via delocate
 virtualenv==20.26.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-zipp==3.19.2
+zipp==3.20.1
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ altgraph==0.17.4
     # via macholib
 build==1.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.11.0
+delocate==0.12.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.15.4
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.2.0
+importlib-metadata==8.4.0
     # via build
 macholib==1.16.3
     # via delocate
@@ -30,5 +30,5 @@ typing-extensions==4.12.2
     # via delocate
 virtualenv==20.26.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-zipp==3.19.2
+zipp==3.20.1
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ altgraph==0.17.4
     # via macholib
 build==1.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.11.0
+delocate==0.12.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv

cibuildwheel/resources/nodejs.toml

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 url = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
-v20 = "v20.16.0"
+v20 = "v20.17.0"

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,54 +1,54 @@
 [x86_64]
 manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2024-04-29-76807b8
 manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2024.09.01-2
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2024.08.03-1
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2024.08.03-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2024.09.01-2
 
 [i686]
 manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2024-04-29-76807b8
 manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2024.09.01-2
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-12-26-0d38463
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2024.08.03-1
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2024.08.03-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2024.09.01-2
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
 manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2024.09.01-2
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2024.09.01-2
 
 [pypy_i686]
 manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2024.09.01-2
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-12-26-0d38463
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2024.09.01-2
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2024.08.03-1
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2024.08.03-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2024.09.01-2
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2024.09.01-2
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2024.08.03-1
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2024.08.03-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2024.09.01-2
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2024.09.01-2
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2024.08.03-1
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2024.08.03-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2024.09.01-2
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2024.09.01-2
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2024.08.03-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2024.09.01-2
 

docs/working-examples.md

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ title: Working examples
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
-| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ title: Working examples
 | [Wrapt][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python module for decorators, wrappers and monkey patching. |
 | [envd][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A machine learning development environment build tool |
 | [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
-| [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
-| [aioquic][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | QUIC and HTTP/3 implementation in Python |
 | [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
+| [aioquic][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | QUIC and HTTP/3 implementation in Python |
+| [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
 | [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
 | [OpenTimelineIO][]                | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Open Source API and interchange format for editorial timeline information. |
 | [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ title: Working examples
 | [streaming-form-data][]           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Streaming parser for multipart/form-data written in Cython |
 | [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
 | [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
-| [Python-WebRTC][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | a Python extension that provides bindings to WebRTC M92 |
 | [power-grid-model][]              | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis |
+| [Python-WebRTC][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | a Python extension that provides bindings to WebRTC M92 |
 | [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast Base64 encoding/decoding in Python |
 | [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
 | [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
@@ -104,13 +104,13 @@ title: Working examples
 | [clang-format][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels. |
 | [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
 | [cf-units][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Units of measure as required by the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions |
+| [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
 | [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
-| [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
 | [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
 | [ril][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A python binding to Rust Imaging library using maturin and Pyo3, utilizes Github Action cache to improve speed. Builds abi3 wheels. |
-| [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
 | [SiPM][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | High performance library for SiPM detectors simulation using C++17, OpenMP and AVX2 intrinsics. |
+| [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
 | [aalink][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Async Python interface for Ableton Link. |
 | [CorrectionLib][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Structured JSON powered correction library for HEP, designed for the CMS experiment at CERN. |
 | [xmlstarlet][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python 3.6+ CFFI bindings with true MSVC build. |
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ title: Working examples
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
 [pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
-[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
+[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
@@ -165,9 +165,9 @@ title: Working examples
 [Wrapt]: https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
 [envd]: https://github.com/tensorchord/envd
 [OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
-[SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
-[aioquic]: https://github.com/aiortc/aioquic
 [Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
+[aioquic]: https://github.com/aiortc/aioquic
+[SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
 [ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
 [OpenTimelineIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenTimelineIO
 [PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ title: Working examples
 [streaming-form-data]: https://github.com/siddhantgoel/streaming-form-data
 [bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
 [boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
-[Python-WebRTC]: https://github.com/MarshalX/python-webrtc
 [power-grid-model]: https://github.com/PowerGridModel/power-grid-model
+[Python-WebRTC]: https://github.com/MarshalX/python-webrtc
 [pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
 [Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
 [fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
@@ -214,13 +214,13 @@ title: Working examples
 [clang-format]: https://github.com/ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
 [etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
 [cf-units]: https://github.com/SciTools/cf-units
+[Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
 [ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
 [numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
-[Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
 [pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
 [ril]: https://github.com/Cryptex-github/ril-py
-[GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd
 [SiPM]: https://github.com/EdoPro98/SimSiPM
+[GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd
 [aalink]: https://github.com/artfwo/aalink
 [CorrectionLib]: https://github.com/cms-nanoAOD/correctionlib
 [xmlstarlet]: https://github.com/dimitern/xmlstarlet

examples/appveyor-minimal.yml

@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
 environment:
   matrix:
-    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Ubuntu
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Ubuntu2204
-      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python37-x64-ubuntu"
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "linux-x64"
-    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2022
-      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python37-x64-vs2015"
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "windows-x64"
-    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: macos
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: macos-sonoma
-      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python37-x64-macos"
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "macos-x64"
 
-stack: python 3.7
+stack: python 3.12
-
-init:
-- cmd: set PATH=C:\Python37;C:\Python37\Scripts;%PATH%
 
 install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.20.0
 

examples/gitlab-minimal.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ linux:
       entrypoint: ["env", "-u", "DOCKER_HOST"]
       command: ["dockerd-entrypoint.sh"]
   variables:
-    DOCKER_HOST: tcp://docker:2375/
     DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
     # See https://github.com/docker-library/docker/pull/166
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""

examples/gitlab-with-qemu.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ linux:
       entrypoint: ["env", "-u", "DOCKER_HOST"]
       command: ["dockerd-entrypoint.sh"]
   variables:
-    DOCKER_HOST: tcp://docker:2375/
     DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
     # See https://github.com/docker-library/docker/pull/166
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""

pyproject.toml

@@ -184,10 +184,8 @@ messages_control.disable = [
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff]
-target-version = "py38"
 line-length = 100
 
-
 [tool.ruff.lint]
 extend-select = [
   "B",           # flake8-bugbear

test/conftest.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def build_frontend_env_nouv(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> dict[str, str]:
     return {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": frontend}
 
 
-@pytest.fixture()
+@pytest.fixture
 def build_frontend_env(build_frontend_env_nouv: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
     frontend = build_frontend_env_nouv["CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND"]
     if frontend != "build" or platform == "pyodide" or find_uv() is None:
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def build_frontend_env(build_frontend_env_nouv: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str
     return {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": "build[uv]"}
 
 
-@pytest.fixture()
+@pytest.fixture
 def docker_cleanup() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
     def get_images() -> set[str]:
         if detect_ci_provider() is None or platform != "linux":

test/test_emscripten.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import textwrap
 
 import pytest
 
-from cibuildwheel.util import CIBW_CACHE_PATH
+from cibuildwheel.util import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
 
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ def test_pyodide_build(tmp_path, use_pyproject_toml):
     if not shutil.which("python3.12"):
         pytest.skip("Python 3.12 not installed")
 
+    if detect_ci_provider() == CIProvider.travis_ci:
+        pytest.skip("Python 3.12 is just a non-working pyenv shim")
+
     if use_pyproject_toml:
         basic_project.files["pyproject.toml"] = textwrap.dedent(
             """

test/utils.py

@@ -23,15 +23,14 @@ EMULATED_ARCHS: Final[list[str]] = sorted(
 )
 SINGLE_PYTHON_VERSION: Final[tuple[int, int]] = (3, 12)
 
-platform: str
+platform = os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "")
-
+if platform:
-if "CIBW_PLATFORM" in os.environ:
+    pass
-    platform = os.environ["CIBW_PLATFORM"]
 elif sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
     platform = "linux"
 elif sys.platform.startswith("darwin"):
     platform = "macos"
-elif sys.platform in ["win32", "cygwin"]:
+elif sys.platform.startswith(("win32", "cygwin")):
     platform = "windows"
 else:
     msg = f"Unsupported platform {sys.platform!r}"

unit_test/conftest.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser):
     )
 
 
-@pytest.fixture()
+@pytest.fixture
 def fake_package_dir(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     """
     Monkey-patch enough for the main() function to run

unit_test/main_tests/conftest.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def mock_protection(monkeypatch):
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-def fake_package_dir_autouse(fake_package_dir):  # noqa: ARG001
+def fake_package_dir_autouse(fake_package_dir):
     pass
 
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def disable_print_wheels(monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setattr(util, "print_new_wheels", empty_cm)
 
 
-@pytest.fixture()
+@pytest.fixture
 def allow_empty(monkeypatch, fake_package_dir):
     monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", [*fake_package_dir, "--allow-empty"])
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def platform(request, monkeypatch):
     return platform_value
 
 
-@pytest.fixture()
+@pytest.fixture
 def intercepted_build_args(monkeypatch):
     intercepted = ArgsInterceptor()
 

unit_test/main_tests/main_platform_test.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
 from ..conftest import MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("option_value", [None, "auto"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("option_value", [None, "auto", ""])
 def test_platform_unset_or_auto(monkeypatch, intercepted_build_args, option_value):
     if option_value is None:
         monkeypatch.delenv("CIBW_PLATFORM", raising=False)

unit_test/option_prepare_test.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ ALL_IDS = {
 }
 
 
-@pytest.fixture()
+@pytest.fixture
 def mock_build_container(monkeypatch):
     def fail_on_call(*args, **kwargs):
         msg = "This should never be called"

unit_test/options_test.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import pytest
 from cibuildwheel import errors
 from cibuildwheel.__main__ import get_build_identifiers, get_platform_module
 from cibuildwheel.bashlex_eval import local_environment_executor
-from cibuildwheel.environment import parse_environment
 from cibuildwheel.options import (
     CommandLineArguments,
     Options,
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ def test_options_1(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
 
     default_build_options = options.build_options(identifier=None)
 
-    assert default_build_options.environment == parse_environment('FOO="BAR"')
+    assert default_build_options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment={}) == {"FOO": "BAR"}
 
     all_pinned_container_images = _get_pinned_container_images()
     pinned_x86_64_container_image = all_pinned_container_images["x86_64"]

unit_test/options_toml_test.py

@@ -4,7 +4,15 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from cibuildwheel.options import ConfigOptionError, InheritRule, OptionsReader, _resolve_cascade
+from cibuildwheel.options import (
+    EnvironmentFormat,
+    InheritRule,
+    ListFormat,
+    OptionsReader,
+    OptionsReaderError,
+    ShlexTableFormat,
+    _resolve_cascade,
+)
 
 PYPROJECT_1 = """
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
@@ -37,42 +45,32 @@ def test_simple_settings(tmp_path, platform, fname):
 
     options_reader = OptionsReader(config_file_path, platform=platform, env={})
 
-    assert options_reader.get("build", env_plat=False, list_sep=" ") == "cp39*"
+    assert options_reader.get("build", option_format=ListFormat(" "), env_plat=False) == "cp39*"
 
     assert options_reader.get("test-command") == "pyproject"
-    assert options_reader.get("archs", list_sep=" ") == "auto"
+    assert options_reader.get("archs", option_format=ListFormat(" ")) == "auto"
     assert (
-        options_reader.get("test-requires", list_sep=" ")
+        options_reader.get("test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(" "))
         == {"windows": "something", "macos": "else", "linux": "other many"}[platform]
     )
 
     # Also testing options for support for both lists and tables
     assert (
-        options_reader.get("environment", table_format={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "})
+        options_reader.get("environment", option_format=EnvironmentFormat())
         == 'THING="OTHER" FOO="BAR"'
     )
-    assert (
+    assert options_reader.get("test-extras", option_format=ListFormat(",")) == "one,two"
-        options_reader.get(
-            "environment", list_sep="x", table_format={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "}
-        )
-        == 'THING="OTHER" FOO="BAR"'
-    )
-    assert options_reader.get("test-extras", list_sep=",") == "one,two"
-    assert (
-        options_reader.get(
-            "test-extras", list_sep=",", table_format={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "}
-        )
-        == "one,two"
-    )
 
     assert options_reader.get("manylinux-x86_64-image") == "manylinux1"
     assert options_reader.get("manylinux-i686-image") == "manylinux2014"
 
-    with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
+    with pytest.raises(OptionsReaderError):
-        options_reader.get("environment", list_sep=" ")
+        # fails because the option is a table and the option_format only works with lists
+        options_reader.get("environment", option_format=ListFormat(" "))
 
-    with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
+    with pytest.raises(OptionsReaderError):
-        options_reader.get("test-extras", table_format={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "})
+        # fails because the option is a list and the option_format only works with tables
+        options_reader.get("test-extras", option_format=ShlexTableFormat())
 
 
 def test_envvar_override(tmp_path, platform):
@@ -91,14 +89,14 @@ def test_envvar_override(tmp_path, platform):
         },
     )
 
-    assert options_reader.get("archs", list_sep=" ") == "auto"
+    assert options_reader.get("archs", option_format=ListFormat(" ")) == "auto"
 
-    assert options_reader.get("build", list_sep=" ") == "cp38*"
+    assert options_reader.get("build") == "cp38*"
     assert options_reader.get("manylinux-x86_64-image") == "manylinux_2_24"
     assert options_reader.get("manylinux-i686-image") == "manylinux2014"
 
     assert (
-        options_reader.get("test-requires", list_sep=" ")
+        options_reader.get("test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(" "))
         == {"windows": "docs", "macos": "docs", "linux": "scod"}[platform]
     )
     assert options_reader.get("test-command") == "mytest"
@@ -174,7 +172,7 @@ repairs-wheel-command = "repair-project-linux"
 """
     )
 
-    with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError) as excinfo:
+    with pytest.raises(OptionsReaderError) as excinfo:
         OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform="linux", env={})
 
     assert "repair-wheel-command" in str(excinfo.value)
@@ -191,7 +189,7 @@ repair_wheel_command = "repair-project-linux"
 """
     )
 
-    with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError) as excinfo:
+    with pytest.raises(OptionsReaderError) as excinfo:
         OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform="linux", env={})
 
     assert "repair-wheel-command" in str(excinfo.value)
@@ -205,7 +203,7 @@ def test_unexpected_table(tmp_path):
 repair-wheel-command = "repair-project-linux"
 """
     )
-    with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
+    with pytest.raises(OptionsReaderError):
         OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform="linux", env={})
 
 
@@ -219,8 +217,8 @@ build = ["1", "2"]
     )
     options_reader = OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform="linux", env={})
 
-    assert options_reader.get("build", list_sep=", ") == "1, 2"
+    assert options_reader.get("build", option_format=ListFormat(", ")) == "1, 2"
-    with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
+    with pytest.raises(OptionsReaderError):
         options_reader.get("build")
 
 
@@ -234,7 +232,7 @@ manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux1"
     )
     disallow = {"windows": {"manylinux-x86_64-image"}}
     OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform="linux", disallow=disallow, env={})
-    with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
+    with pytest.raises(OptionsReaderError):
         OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform="windows", disallow=disallow, env={})
 
 
@@ -305,7 +303,7 @@ def test_resolve_cascade_merge_list(ignore_empty, rule):
         (["b1", "b2"], rule),
         (None, InheritRule.NONE),
         ignore_empty=ignore_empty,
-        list_sep=" ",
+        option_format=ListFormat(" "),
     )
 
     if not ignore_empty:
@@ -326,24 +324,34 @@ def test_resolve_cascade_merge_dict(rule):
         (None, InheritRule.NONE),
         ({"value": "override"}, rule),
         (None, InheritRule.NONE),
-        table_format={"item": "{k}={v}", "sep": " "},
+        option_format=ShlexTableFormat(),
     )
 
     if rule == InheritRule.PREPEND:
-        assert answer == "value=override value=a1 base=b1"
+        assert answer == "value=a1 base=b1"
     elif rule == InheritRule.NONE:
         assert answer == "value=override"
     elif rule == InheritRule.APPEND:
-        assert answer == "value=a1 base=b1 value=override"
+        assert answer == "value=override base=b1"
+
+
+def test_resolve_cascade_merge_strings():
+    answer = _resolve_cascade(
+        ("value=a1 base=b1", InheritRule.NONE),
+        ("value=override", InheritRule.APPEND),
+        option_format=ShlexTableFormat(),
+    )
+    assert answer == "value=override base=b1"
 
 
 def test_resolve_cascade_merge_different_types():
     answer = _resolve_cascade(
-        ({"value": "a1", "base": "b1"}, InheritRule.NONE),
+        ("value=a1 base=b1", InheritRule.NONE),
         ({"value": "override"}, InheritRule.APPEND),
-        table_format={"item": "{k}={v}", "sep": " "},
+        ("extra_string_var=c1", InheritRule.APPEND),
+        option_format=ShlexTableFormat(),
     )
-    assert answer == "value=a1 base=b1 value=override"
+    assert answer == "value=override base=b1 extra_string_var=c1"
 
 
 PYPROJECT_2 = """
@@ -387,28 +395,28 @@ def test_pyproject_2(tmp_path, platform):
     pyproject_toml.write_text(PYPROJECT_2)
 
     options_reader = OptionsReader(config_file_path=pyproject_toml, platform=platform, env={})
-    assert options_reader.get("test-command", list_sep=" && ") == "pyproject"
+    assert options_reader.get("test-command", option_format=ListFormat(" && ")) == "pyproject"
 
     with options_reader.identifier("random"):
-        assert options_reader.get("test-command", list_sep=" && ") == "pyproject"
+        assert options_reader.get("test-command", option_format=ListFormat(" && ")) == "pyproject"
 
     with options_reader.identifier("cp37-something"):
         assert (
-            options_reader.get("test-command", list_sep=" && ")
+            options_reader.get("test-command", option_format=ListFormat(" && "))
             == "pyproject-override && override2 && pyproject"
         )
         assert (
-            options_reader.get("environment", table_format={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "})
+            options_reader.get("environment", option_format=EnvironmentFormat())
             == 'FOO="BAR" HAM="EGGS" FOO="BAZ" PYTHON="MONTY"'
         )
 
     with options_reader.identifier("cp37-final"):
         assert (
-            options_reader.get("test-command", list_sep=" && ")
+            options_reader.get("test-command", option_format=ListFormat(" && "))
             == "extra-prepend && pyproject-override && override2 && pyproject && pyproject-finalize && finalize2 && extra-finalize"
         )
         assert (
-            options_reader.get("environment", table_format={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "})
+            options_reader.get("environment", option_format=EnvironmentFormat())
             == 'FOO="BAR" HAM="EGGS" FOO="BAZ" PYTHON="MONTY"'
         )
 
@@ -426,7 +434,7 @@ test-command = "pyproject-override"
 """
     )
 
-    with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
+    with pytest.raises(OptionsReaderError):
         OptionsReader(config_file_path=pyproject_toml, platform=platform, env={})
 
 
@@ -442,8 +450,8 @@ other = ["two", "three"]
 
     options_reader = OptionsReader(config_file_path=pyproject_toml, platform="linux", env={})
     assert (
-        options_reader.get("config-settings", table_format={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "})
+        options_reader.get("config-settings", option_format=ShlexTableFormat(pair_sep="=", sep=" "))
-        == 'example="one" other="two" other="three"'
+        == "example=one other=two other=three"
     )
 
 
@@ -458,10 +466,8 @@ def test_pip_config_settings(tmp_path):
 
     options_reader = OptionsReader(config_file_path=pyproject_toml, platform="linux", env={})
     assert (
-        options_reader.get(
+        options_reader.get("config-settings", option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep=" ", pair_sep="="))
-            "config-settings", table_format={"item": "--config-settings='{k}=\"{v}\"'", "sep": " "}
+        == "--build-option=--use-mypyc"
-        )
-        == "--config-settings='--build-option=\"--use-mypyc\"'"
     )
 
 
@@ -471,12 +477,16 @@ def test_overrides_inherit(tmp_path):
         """\
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
 before-all = ["before-all"]
+config-settings = {key1="value1", key2="value2", empty=""}
 
 [[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
 select = "cp37*"
 inherit.before-all = "append"
 before-all = ["override1"]
 
+inherit.config-settings = "append"
+config-settings = {key3="value3", key2="override2"}
+
 [[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
 select = "cp37*"
 inherit.before-all = "prepend"
@@ -486,9 +496,17 @@ before-all = ["override2"]
 
     options_reader = OptionsReader(config_file_path=pyproject_toml, platform="linux", env={})
     with options_reader.identifier("cp38-something"):
-        assert options_reader.get("before-all", list_sep=" && ") == "before-all"
+        assert options_reader.get("before-all", option_format=ListFormat(" && ")) == "before-all"
+        assert (
+            options_reader.get("config-settings", option_format=ShlexTableFormat())
+            == "key1=value1 key2=value2 empty=''"
+        )
     with options_reader.identifier("cp37-something"):
         assert (
-            options_reader.get("before-all", list_sep=" && ")
+            options_reader.get("before-all", option_format=ListFormat(" && "))
             == "override2 && before-all && override1"
         )
+        assert (
+            options_reader.get("config-settings", option_format=ShlexTableFormat())
+            == "key1=value1 key2=override2 empty='' key3=value3"
+        )