Bump version: v2.3.1

* [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate

updates:
- [github.com/psf/black: 21.11b1 → 21.12b0](https://github.com/psf/black/compare/21.11b1...21.12b0)

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ jobs:
       - image: circleci/python:3.6
     environment:
       PYTHON: python3
+      # Temporarily restrict the tests that are run on CircleCI to prevent
+      # test timeouts.
+      PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or main_tests or test_0_basic or test_docker_images"
     steps:
       - checkout
       - setup_remote_docker

.circleci/prepare.sh

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -o errexit
 set -o xtrace
 
 $PYTHON --version
 $PYTHON -m pip --version
-$PYTHON -m virtualenv -p $PYTHON venv
+$PYTHON -m virtualenv -p "$PYTHON" venv
 venv/bin/python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
 venv/bin/python -m pip freeze
 venv/bin/python --version

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+  release:
+    types:
+    - published
+
+jobs:
+  dist:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: Build SDist and wheel
+      run: pipx run build
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      with:
+        path: dist/*
+
+    - name: Check metadata
+      run: pipx run twine check dist/*
+
+  publish:
+    needs: [dist]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
+      with:
+        name: artifact
+        path: dist
+
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.4.2
+      with:
+        user: __token__
+        password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
     # allow manual runs on branches without a PR
 
+concurrency:
+  group: test-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   pre-commit:
     name: Pre-commit checks (mypy, flake8, etc.)
@@ -18,6 +22,7 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v2
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
     - uses: pre-commit/action@v2.0.3
+    - run: pipx run nox -s check_manifest
 
   test:
     name: Test cibuildwheel on ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -25,8 +30,8 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-11]
-        python_version: ['3.7']
+        python_version: ['3.10']
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v2

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ repos:
   - id: trailing-whitespace
 
 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-  rev: v2.26.0
+  rev: v2.29.1
   hooks:
   - id: pyupgrade
     name: PyUpgrade 3.6+
@@ -25,52 +25,82 @@ repos:
     exclude: ^(cibuildwheel|unit_test|test)/
     args: ["--py37-plus"]
 
+# Autoremoves unused imports
+- repo: https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln
+  rev: v1.1.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: pycln
+    args: [--config=pyproject.toml]
+
 - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
-  rev: 5.9.3
+  rev: 5.10.1
   hooks:
   - id: isort
 
 - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-  rev: 21.9b0
+  rev: 21.12b0
   hooks:
   - id: black
 
 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/setup-cfg-fmt
-  rev: v1.17.0
+  rev: v1.20.0
   hooks:
   - id: setup-cfg-fmt
-    stages: [manual]
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v0.910
+  rev: v0.910-1
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
     exclude: ^(bin|cibuildwheel/resources|docs)/.*py$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.6", "--scripts-are-modules"]
+    args: ["--python-version=3.6", "--scripts-are-modules", "--show-error-codes"]
-    additional_dependencies:
+    additional_dependencies: &mypy-dependencies
-      - packaging
+      - nox
-      - types-jinja2
-      - types-certifi
-      - types-toml
-  - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.7+ on bin/
-    files: ^((bin|docs)/.*py|noxfile.py)$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.7", "--scripts-are-modules"]
-    additional_dependencies:
       - packaging>=21.0
+      - pygithub
       - rich
+      - tomli
+      - types-certifi
+      - types-click
+      - types-dataclasses
       - types-jinja2
       - types-pyyaml
-      - types-click
       - types-requests
-      - types-toml
+      - bracex
+  - id: mypy
+    name: mypy 3.7+ on bin/
+    files: ^((bin|docs)/.*py)$
+    args: ["--python-version=3.7", "--scripts-are-modules", "--show-error-codes"]
+    additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
+
+- repo: https://github.com/asottile/yesqa
+  rev: v1.3.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: yesqa
+    additional_dependencies: &flake8-dependencies
+    - flake8-bugbear
 
 - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
-  rev: 3.9.2
+  rev: 4.0.1
   hooks:
   - id: flake8
     exclude: cibuildwheel/resources/
-    additional_dependencies: [flake8-bugbear]
+    additional_dependencies: *flake8-dependencies
+
+- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks
+  rev: v1.9.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: python-check-blanket-noqa
+    stages: [manual]
+  - id: python-check-blanket-type-ignore
+    stages: [manual]
+  - id: python-no-log-warn
+  - id: python-no-eval
+  - id: python-use-type-annotations
+
+- repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
+  rev: v0.8.0.1
+  hooks:
+  - id: shellcheck
 
 - repo: local
   hooks:

MANIFEST.in

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+recursive-include cibuildwheel *.cfg
+recursive-include cibuildwheel *.in
+recursive-include cibuildwheel *.py
+recursive-include cibuildwheel *.toml
+recursive-include cibuildwheel *.txt
+recursive-include cibuildwheel *.typed

README.md

@@ -22,16 +22,19 @@ Python wheels are great. Building them across **Mac, Linux, Windows**, on **mult
 What does it do?
 ----------------
 
-|   | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x |
+|   | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x |
-|---------------|----|-----|-----|-----|----|-----|----|-----|-----|
+|---------------|----|-----|-----|-----|-----|----|-----|----|-----|-----|
-| CPython 3.6   | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.6   | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| CPython 3.7   | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.7   | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| CPython 3.8   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.8   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| CPython 3.9   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.9   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅³ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| CPython 3.10  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.10  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| PyPy 3.7 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.7 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.8 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
 
 <sup>¹ PyPy is only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
+<sup>² Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
+<sup>³ Alpine 3.14 and very briefly 3.15's default python3 [was not able to load](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/934) musllinux wheels. This has been fixed; please upgrade the python package if using Alpine from before the fix.</sup><br>
 
 - Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+, and Windows wheels for CPython and PyPy
 - Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, and GitLab CI
@@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
 
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
 
       - name: Build wheels
         run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -112,6 +115,7 @@ Options
 |   | [`CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons)  | Enable building with pre-release versions of Python if available |
 | **Build customization** | [`CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend)  | Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now) or "build" |
 |   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#environment)  | Set environment variables needed during the build |
+|   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#environment-pass)  | Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build. |
 |   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-all)  | Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built. |
 |   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-build)  | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
 |   | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command)  | Execute a shell command to repair each (non-pure Python) built wheel |
@@ -138,26 +142,26 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 | Name                              | CI | OS | Notes |
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. |
+| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | MyPyC, the compiled component of MyPy. |
+| [pydantic][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Data parsing and validation using Python type hints |
+| [uvloop][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast asyncio event loop. |
 | [psutil][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python |
-| [scikit-image][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project that uses Cython with platform-native code.  |
+| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualize and explore big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
-| [twisted-iocpsupport][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] | A submodule of Twisted that hooks into native C APIs using Cython. |
+| [Google Benchmark][]              | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A microbenchmark support library |
-| [cmake][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
-| [websockets][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Library for building WebSocket servers and clients. Mostly written in Python, with a small C 'speedups' extension module.  |
-| [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython and CFFI.  |
-| [aiortc][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebRTC and ORTC implementation for Python using asyncio. |
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
+[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
+[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
+[pydantic]: https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic
+[uvloop]: https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop
 [psutil]: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
-[scikit-image]: https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image
+[vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
-[twisted-iocpsupport]: https://github.com/twisted/twisted-iocpsupport
+[Google Benchmark]: https://github.com/google/benchmark
-[cmake]: https://github.com/scikit-build/cmake-python-distributions
-[websockets]: https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets
-[pyzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq
-[aiortc]: https://github.com/aiortc/aiortc
 
 [appveyor icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/appveyor.svg
 [github icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/github.svg
@@ -189,53 +193,58 @@ Changelog
 
 <!-- this section was generated by bin/update_readme_changelog.py -- do not edit manually -->
 
-### v2.2.0 (prerelease)
+### v2.3.1
 
-_Currently in prerelease. The below release notes will be condensed into a single entry on final release._
+_14 December 2021_
 
-_v2.2.0a1 (23 September 2021)_
+- 🐛 Setting pip options like `PIP_USE_DEPRECATED` in `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` no longer adversely affects cibuildwheel's ability to set up a Python environment (#956)
+- 📚 Docs fixes and improvements
 
-- 🌟 Added support for [musllinux](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Support for this new wheel format lets projects build wheels for Linux distributions that use [musl libc](https://musl.libc.org/), notably, [Alpine](https://alpinelinux.org/) Docker containers.
+### v2.3.0
+
+_26 November 2021_
+
+- 📈 cibuildwheel now defaults to manylinux2014 image for linux builds, rather than manylinux2010. If you want to stick with manylinux2010, it's simple to set this using [the image options](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image). (#926)
+- ✨ You can now pass environment variables from the host machine into the Docker container during a Linux build. Check out [the docs for `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX `](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/options/#environment-pass) for the details. (#914)
+- ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.8 wheels. (#881)
+- ✨ Added support for building Windows arm64 CPython wheels on a Windows arm64 runner. We can't test this in CI yet, so for now, this is experimental. (#920)
+- 📚 Improved the deployment documentation (#911)
+- 🛠 Changed the escaping behaviour inside cibuildwheel's  option placeholders e.g. `{project}` in `before_build` or `{dest_dir}` in `repair_wheel_command`. This allows bash syntax like `${SOME_VAR}` to passthrough without being interpreted as a placeholder by cibuildwheel. See [this section](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#placeholders) in the docs for more info. (#889)
+- 🛠 Pip updated to 21.3, meaning it now defaults to in-tree builds again. If this causes an issue with your project, setting environment variable `PIP_USE_DEPRECATED=out-of-tree-build` is available as a temporary flag to restore the old behaviour. However, be aware that this flag will probably be removed soon. (#881)
+- 🐛 You can now access the current Python interpreter using `python3` within a build on Windows (#917)
+
+### v2.2.2
+
+_26 October 2021_
+
+- 🐛 Fix bug in the GitHub Action step causing a syntax error (#895)
+
+### v2.2.1
+
+_26 October 2021_
+
+- 🛠 Added a `config-file` option on the GitHub Action to specify something other than pyproject.toml in your GitHub Workflow file. (#883)
+- 🐛 Fix missing resources in sdist and released wheel on PyPI. We've also made some internal changes to our release processes to make them more reliable. (#893, #894)
+
+### v2.2.0
+
+_22 October 2021_
+
+- 🌟 Added support for [musllinux](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Support for this new wheel format lets projects build wheels for Linux distributions that use [musl libc](https://musl.libc.org/), notably, [Alpine](https://alpinelinux.org/) Docker containers. (#768)
+
+  Musllinux builds are enabled by default. If you're not ready to build musllinux, add `*-musllinux_*` to your [`CIBW_SKIP`/`skip`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip) option. Or, you might have to make some changes to your options - to simplify that process, you can use...
+
+- 🌟 TOML option overrides! This provides much greater flexibility in configuration via pyproject.toml. (#854)
+
+  You can now set build options for any subset of your builds using a match pattern. So, for example, you can customise CPython 3.8 builds with an override on `cp38-*` or musllinux builds by selecting `*musllinux*`. Check out [the docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/options/#overrides) for more info on the specifics.
+
+- 🛠 Added support for building PyPy wheels on macOS 11 CI runners. (#875)
 
-  Musllinux builds are enabled by default. To disable them on your project, add `*-musllinux_*` to your [`CIBW_SKIP`/`skip`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)
- option. (#768)
 - 🛠 Setting an empty string for the [`CIBW_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image) option will now fallthrough to the config file or cibuildwheel's default, rather than causing an error. This makes the option easier to use in CI build matricies. (#829)
 
-### v2.1.2
+- 🛠 Support for TOML 1.0 when reading config files, via the `tomli` package. (#876)
 
-_14 September 2021_
+<sup>Note: This version is not available on PyPI due to some missing resources in the release files. Please use a later version instead.</sup>
-
-- 🛠 Updated CPython 3.10 to 3.10.0rc2
-- 📚 Multiple docs updates
-- 🐛 Improved warnings when built binaries are bundled into the container on Linux. (#807)
-
-### v2.1.1
-
-_7 August 2021_
-
-- ✨ Corresponding with the release of CPython 3.10.0rc1, which is ABI stable, cibuildwheel now builds CPython 3.10 by default - without the CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS flag.
-
-<sup>Note: v2.1.0 was a bad release, it was yanked from PyPI.</sup>
-
-### v2.0.1
-
-_25 July 2021_
-
-- 📚 Docs improvements (#767)
-- 🛠 Dependency updates, including delocate 0.9.0.
-
-### v2.0.0 🎉
-
-_16 July 2021_
-
-- 🌟 You can now configure cibuildwheel options inside your project's `pyproject.toml`! Environment variables still work of course. Check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#setting-options) for more info.
-- 🌟 Added support for building wheels with [build](https://github.com/pypa/build), as well as pip. This feature is controlled with the [`CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) option.
-- 🌟 Added the ability to test building wheels on CPython 3.10! Because CPython 3.10 is in beta, these wheels should not be distributed, because they might not be compatible with the final release, but it's available to build for testing purposes. Use the flag [`--prerelease-pythons` or `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) to test. (#675) This version of cibuildwheel includes CPython 3.10.0b4.
-- ⚠️ **Removed support for building Python 2.7 and Python 3.5 wheels**, for both CPython and PyPy. If you still need to build on these versions, please use the latest v1.x version. (#596)
-- ✨ Added the ability to build CPython 3.8 wheels for Apple Silicon. (#704)
-- 🛠 Update to the latest build dependencies, including Auditwheel 4. (#633)
-- 🛠 Use the unified pypa/manylinux images to build PyPy (#671)
-- 🐛 Numerous bug fixes & docs improvements
 
 <!-- END bin/update_readme_changelog.py -->
 
@@ -267,7 +276,7 @@ Credits
 
 `cibuildwheel` stands on the shoulders of giants.
 
-- ⭐️ @matthew-brett for [matthew-brett/multibuild](http://github.com/matthew-brett/multibuild) and [matthew-brett/delocate](http://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
+- ⭐️ @matthew-brett for [multibuild](https://github.com/multi-build/multibuild) and [matthew-brett/delocate](http://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
 - @PyPA for the manylinux Docker images [pypa/manylinux](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux)
 - @ogrisel for [wheelhouse-uploader](https://github.com/ogrisel/wheelhouse-uploader) and `run_with_env.cmd`
 

action.yml

@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ inputs:
     description: 'Folder to place the outputs in, defaults to "wheelhouse"'
     required: false
     default: wheelhouse
+  config-file:
+    description: 'File containing the config, defaults to {package}/pyproject.toml'
+    required: false
+    default: ''
 branding:
   icon: package
   color: yellow
@@ -24,5 +28,6 @@ runs:
         cibuildwheel
         ${{ inputs.package-dir }}
         --output-dir ${{ inputs.output-dir }}
+        --config-file "${{ inputs.config-file }}"
         2>&1
       shell: bash

bin/bump_version.py

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
         sys.exit(1)
 
     # fmt: off
-    print(              'Current version:', current_version)  # noqa
+    print(              'Current version:', current_version)  # noqa: E201 whitespace
     new_version = input('    New version: ').strip()
     # fmt: on
 

bin/inspect_all_known_projects.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from typing import Iterator
 
 import click
 import yaml
-from ghapi.core import GhApi, HTTP404NotFoundError  # type: ignore
+from ghapi.core import GhApi, HTTP404NotFoundError
 from rich import print
 
 from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import Analyzer

bin/run_tests.py

@@ -16,10 +16,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         unit_test_args += ["--run-docker"]
     subprocess.run(unit_test_args, check=True)
 
+    xdist_test_args = ["-n", "2"] if sys.platform.startswith("linux") else []
+
     # run the integration tests
-    xdist_test_args = []
-    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
-        xdist_test_args = ["-n", "2"]
     subprocess.run(
         [
             sys.executable,

bin/update_pythons.py

@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ from typing import Any, Union
 import click
 import requests
 import rich
-import toml
+import tomli
 from packaging.specifiers import Specifier
 from packaging.version import Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
-from cibuildwheel.extra import InlineArrayDictEncoder
+from cibuildwheel.extra import dump_python_configurations
 from cibuildwheel.typing import Final, Literal, TypedDict
 
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ DIR: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
 RESOURCES_DIR: Final[Path] = DIR / "cibuildwheel/resources"
 
 
-ArchStr = Literal["32", "64"]
+ArchStr = Literal["32", "64", "ARM64"]
 
 
 class ConfigWinCP(TypedDict):
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ class WindowsVersions:
             if resource["@type"] == "PackageBaseAddress/3.0.0":
                 endpoint = resource["@id"]
 
-        ARCH_DICT = {"32": "win32", "64": "win_amd64"}
+        ARCH_DICT = {"32": "win32", "64": "win_amd64", "ARM64": "win_arm64"}
-        PACKAGE_DICT = {"32": "pythonx86", "64": "python"}
+        PACKAGE_DICT = {"32": "pythonx86", "64": "python", "ARM64": "pythonarm64"}
 
         self.arch_str = arch_str
         self.arch = ARCH_DICT[arch_str]
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:
 
     def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigWinCP:
         releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])  # type: ignore
+        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
         releases = [r for r in releases if self.get_arch_file(r)]
 
         if not releases:
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:
             raise RuntimeError("Other archs not supported yet on macOS")
 
         releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])  # type: ignore
+        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
 
         if not releases:
             raise RuntimeError(f"PyPy macOS {self.arch} not found for {spec}!")
@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ class AllVersions:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.windows_32 = WindowsVersions("32")
         self.windows_64 = WindowsVersions("64")
+        self.windows_arm64 = WindowsVersions("ARM64")
         self.windows_pypy_64 = PyPyVersions("64")
 
         self.macos_cpython = CPythonVersions()
@@ -264,6 +265,9 @@ class AllVersions:
                 config_update = self.windows_64.update_version_windows(spec)
             elif identifier.startswith("pp"):
                 config_update = self.windows_pypy_64.update_version_windows(spec)
+        elif "win_arm64" in identifier:
+            if identifier.startswith("cp"):
+                config_update = self.windows_arm64.update_version_windows(spec)
 
         assert config_update is not None, f"{identifier} not found!"
         config.update(**config_update)
@@ -291,7 +295,8 @@ def update_pythons(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
     toml_file_path = RESOURCES_DIR / "build-platforms.toml"
 
     original_toml = toml_file_path.read_text()
-    configs = toml.loads(original_toml)
+    with toml_file_path.open("rb") as f:
+        configs = tomli.load(f)
 
     for config in configs["windows"]["python_configurations"]:
         all_versions.update_config(config)
@@ -299,7 +304,7 @@ def update_pythons(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
     for config in configs["macos"]["python_configurations"]:
         all_versions.update_config(config)
 
-    result_toml = toml.dumps(configs, encoder=InlineArrayDictEncoder())  # type: ignore
+    result_toml = dump_python_configurations(configs)
 
     rich.print()  # spacer
 

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "2.2.0a1"
+__version__ = "2.3.1"

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -2,12 +2,7 @@ import argparse
 import os
 import sys
 import textwrap
-import traceback
+from typing import List, Set, Union
-from configparser import ConfigParser
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Union
-
-from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 
 import cibuildwheel
 import cibuildwheel.linux
@@ -15,39 +10,9 @@ import cibuildwheel.macos
 import cibuildwheel.util
 import cibuildwheel.windows
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, allowed_architectures_check
-from cibuildwheel.environment import EnvironmentParseError, parse_environment
+from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments, Options, compute_options
-from cibuildwheel.options import ConfigOptions
-from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import get_requires_python_str
 from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName, assert_never
-from cibuildwheel.util import (
+from cibuildwheel.util import BuildSelector, Unbuffered, detect_ci_provider
-    BuildFrontend,
-    BuildOptions,
-    BuildSelector,
-    DependencyConstraints,
-    TestSelector,
-    Unbuffered,
-    detect_ci_provider,
-    resources_dir,
-)
-
-MANYLINUX_ARCHS = (
-    "x86_64",
-    "i686",
-    "pypy_x86_64",
-    "aarch64",
-    "ppc64le",
-    "s390x",
-    "pypy_aarch64",
-    "pypy_i686",
-)
-
-MUSLLINUX_ARCHS = (
-    "x86_64",
-    "i686",
-    "aarch64",
-    "ppc64le",
-    "s390x",
-)
 
 
 def main() -> None:
@@ -92,14 +57,15 @@ def main() -> None:
 
     parser.add_argument(
         "--output-dir",
-        help="Destination folder for the wheels.",
+        help="Destination folder for the wheels. Default: wheelhouse.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
         "--config-file",
+        default="",
         help="""
-            TOML config file for cibuildwheel. Defaults to pyproject.toml, but
+            TOML config file. Default: "", meaning {package}/pyproject.toml,
-            can be overridden with this option.
+            if it exists.
         """,
     )
 
@@ -133,7 +99,7 @@ def main() -> None:
         help="Enable pre-release Python versions if available.",
     )
 
-    args = parser.parse_args()
+    args = parser.parse_args(namespace=CommandLineArguments())
 
     if args.platform != "auto":
         platform = args.platform
@@ -170,59 +136,9 @@ def main() -> None:
         print(f"cibuildwheel: Unsupported platform: {platform}", file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(2)
 
-    package_dir = Path(args.package_dir)
+    options = compute_options(platform=platform, command_line_arguments=args)
-
-    manylinux_identifiers = {
-        f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image" for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS
-    }
-    musllinux_identifiers = {
-        f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image" for build_platform in MUSLLINUX_ARCHS
-    }
-    disallow = {
-        "linux": {"dependency-versions"},
-        "macos": manylinux_identifiers | musllinux_identifiers,
-        "windows": manylinux_identifiers | musllinux_identifiers,
-    }
-    options = ConfigOptions(package_dir, args.config_file, platform=platform, disallow=disallow)
-    output_dir = Path(
-        args.output_dir
-        if args.output_dir is not None
-        else os.environ.get("CIBW_OUTPUT_DIR", "wheelhouse")
-    )
-
-    build_config = options("build", env_plat=False, sep=" ") or "*"
-    skip_config = options("skip", env_plat=False, sep=" ")
-    test_skip = options("test-skip", env_plat=False, sep=" ")
-
-    archs_config_str = args.archs or options("archs", sep=" ")
-
-    build_frontend_str = options("build-frontend", env_plat=False)
-    environment_config = options("environment", table={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "})
-    before_all = options("before-all", sep=" && ")
-    before_build = options("before-build", sep=" && ")
-    repair_command = options("repair-wheel-command", sep=" && ")
-
-    dependency_versions = options("dependency-versions")
-    test_command = options("test-command", sep=" && ")
-    before_test = options("before-test", sep=" && ")
-    test_requires = options("test-requires", sep=" ").split()
-    test_extras = options("test-extras", sep=",")
-    build_verbosity_str = options("build-verbosity")
-
-    prerelease_pythons = args.prerelease_pythons or cibuildwheel.util.strtobool(
-        os.environ.get("CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS", "0")
-    )
-
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontend
-    if build_frontend_str == "build":
-        build_frontend = "build"
-    elif build_frontend_str == "pip":
-        build_frontend = "pip"
-    else:
-        msg = f"cibuildwheel: Unrecognised build frontend '{build_frontend}', only 'pip' and 'build' are supported"
-        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
-        sys.exit(2)
 
+    package_dir = options.globals.package_dir
     package_files = {"setup.py", "setup.cfg", "pyproject.toml"}
 
     if not any(package_dir.joinpath(name).exists() for name in package_files):
@@ -231,141 +147,43 @@ def main() -> None:
         print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(2)
 
-    # This is not supported in tool.cibuildwheel, as it comes from a standard location.
+    identifiers = get_build_identifiers(
-    # Passing this in as an environment variable will override pyproject.toml, setup.cfg, or setup.py
+        platform=platform,
-    requires_python_str: Optional[str] = os.environ.get(
+        build_selector=options.globals.build_selector,
-        "CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON"
+        architectures=options.globals.architectures,
-    ) or get_requires_python_str(package_dir)
-    requires_python = None if requires_python_str is None else SpecifierSet(requires_python_str)
-
-    deprecated_selectors("CIBW_BUILD", build_config, error=True)
-    deprecated_selectors("CIBW_SKIP", skip_config)
-    deprecated_selectors("CIBW_TEST_SKIP", test_skip)
-
-    build_selector = BuildSelector(
-        build_config=build_config,
-        skip_config=skip_config,
-        requires_python=requires_python,
-        prerelease_pythons=prerelease_pythons,
     )
-    test_selector = TestSelector(skip_config=test_skip)
-
-    try:
-        environment = parse_environment(environment_config)
-    except (EnvironmentParseError, ValueError):
-        print(f'cibuildwheel: Malformed environment option "{environment_config}"', file=sys.stderr)
-        traceback.print_exc(None, sys.stderr)
-        sys.exit(2)
-
-    if dependency_versions == "pinned":
-        dependency_constraints: Optional[
-            DependencyConstraints
-        ] = DependencyConstraints.with_defaults()
-    elif dependency_versions == "latest":
-        dependency_constraints = None
-    else:
-        dependency_versions_path = Path(dependency_versions)
-        dependency_constraints = DependencyConstraints(dependency_versions_path)
-
-    if test_extras:
-        test_extras = f"[{test_extras}]"
-
-    try:
-        build_verbosity = min(3, max(-3, int(build_verbosity_str)))
-    except ValueError:
-        build_verbosity = 0
-
-    # Add CIBUILDWHEEL environment variable
-    # This needs to be passed on to the docker container in linux.py
-    os.environ["CIBUILDWHEEL"] = "1"
-
-    archs = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=platform)
-
-    identifiers = get_build_identifiers(platform, build_selector, archs)
 
     if args.print_build_identifiers:
         for identifier in identifiers:
             print(identifier)
         sys.exit(0)
 
-    manylinux_images: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    # Add CIBUILDWHEEL environment variable
-    musllinux_images: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    # This needs to be passed on to the docker container in linux.py
-    if platform == "linux":
+    os.environ["CIBUILDWHEEL"] = "1"
-        pinned_docker_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
-        all_pinned_docker_images = ConfigParser()
-        all_pinned_docker_images.read(pinned_docker_images_file)
-        # all_pinned_docker_images looks like a dict of dicts, e.g.
-        # { 'x86_64': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
-        #   'i686': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
-        #   'pypy_x86_64': {'manylinux2010': '...' }
-        #   ... }
-
-        for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS:
-            pinned_images = all_pinned_docker_images[build_platform]
-
-            config_value = options(f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image", ignore_empty=True)
-
-            if not config_value:
-                # default to manylinux2010 if it's available, otherwise manylinux2014
-                image = pinned_images.get("manylinux2010") or pinned_images.get("manylinux2014")
-            elif config_value in pinned_images:
-                image = pinned_images[config_value]
-            else:
-                image = config_value
-
-            manylinux_images[build_platform] = image
-
-        for build_platform in MUSLLINUX_ARCHS:
-            pinned_images = all_pinned_docker_images[build_platform]
-
-            config_value = options(f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image")
-
-            if config_value is None:
-                image = pinned_images.get("musllinux_1_1")
-            elif config_value in pinned_images:
-                image = pinned_images[config_value]
-            else:
-                image = config_value
-
-            musllinux_images[build_platform] = image
-
-    build_options = BuildOptions(
-        architectures=archs,
-        package_dir=package_dir,
-        output_dir=output_dir,
-        test_command=test_command,
-        test_requires=test_requires,
-        test_extras=test_extras,
-        before_test=before_test,
-        before_build=before_build,
-        before_all=before_all,
-        build_verbosity=build_verbosity,
-        build_selector=build_selector,
-        test_selector=test_selector,
-        repair_command=repair_command,
-        environment=environment,
-        dependency_constraints=dependency_constraints,
-        manylinux_images=manylinux_images or None,
-        musllinux_images=musllinux_images or None,
-        build_frontend=build_frontend,
-    )
 
     # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to 'print'
-    sys.stdout = Unbuffered(sys.stdout)  # type: ignore
+    sys.stdout = Unbuffered(sys.stdout)  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
-    print_preamble(platform, build_options)
+    print_preamble(platform=platform, options=options, identifiers=identifiers)
 
     try:
-        allowed_architectures_check(platform, build_options.architectures)
+        options.check_for_invalid_configuration(identifiers)
+        allowed_architectures_check(platform, options.globals.architectures)
     except ValueError as err:
         print("cibuildwheel:", *err.args, file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(4)
 
     if not identifiers:
-        print(f"cibuildwheel: No build identifiers selected: {build_selector}", file=sys.stderr)
+        print(
+            f"cibuildwheel: No build identifiers selected: {options.globals.build_selector}",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
         if not args.allow_empty:
             sys.exit(3)
 
+    output_dir = options.globals.output_dir
+
     if not output_dir.exists():
         output_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
 
@@ -373,24 +191,16 @@ def main() -> None:
         "\n{n} wheels produced in {m:.0f} minutes:", output_dir
     ):
         if platform == "linux":
-            cibuildwheel.linux.build(build_options)
+            cibuildwheel.linux.build(options)
         elif platform == "windows":
-            cibuildwheel.windows.build(build_options)
+            cibuildwheel.windows.build(options)
         elif platform == "macos":
-            cibuildwheel.macos.build(build_options)
+            cibuildwheel.macos.build(options)
         else:
             assert_never(platform)
 
 
-def deprecated_selectors(name: str, selector: str, *, error: bool = False) -> None:
+def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: List[str]) -> None:
-    if "p2" in selector or "p35" in selector:
-        msg = f"cibuildwheel 2.x no longer supports Python < 3.6. Please use the 1.x series or update {name}"
-        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
-        if error:
-            sys.exit(4)
-
-
-def print_preamble(platform: str, build_options: BuildOptions) -> None:
     print(
         textwrap.dedent(
             """
@@ -406,10 +216,9 @@ def print_preamble(platform: str, build_options: BuildOptions) -> None:
 
     print("Build options:")
     print(f"  platform: {platform!r}")
-    for option, value in sorted(build_options._asdict().items()):
+    print(textwrap.indent(options.summary(identifiers), "  "))
-        print(f"  {option}: {value!r}")
 
-    warnings = detect_warnings(platform, build_options)
+    warnings = detect_warnings(platform=platform, options=options, identifiers=identifiers)
     if warnings:
         print("\nWarnings:")
         for warning in warnings:
@@ -445,14 +254,14 @@ def get_build_identifiers(
     return [config.identifier for config in python_configurations]
 
 
-def detect_warnings(platform: str, build_options: BuildOptions) -> List[str]:
+def detect_warnings(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: List[str]) -> List[str]:
     warnings = []
 
     # warn about deprecated {python} and {pip}
     for option_name in ["test_command", "before_build"]:
-        option_value = getattr(build_options, option_name)
+        option_values = [getattr(options.build_options(i), option_name) for i in identifiers]
 
-        if option_value and ("{python}" in option_value or "{pip}" in option_value):
+        if any(o and ("{python}" in o or "{pip}" in o) for o in option_values):
             # Reminder: in an f-string, double braces means literal single brace
             msg = (
                 f"{option_name}: '{{python}}' and '{{pip}}' are no longer needed, "

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
     # windows archs
     x86 = "x86"
     AMD64 = "AMD64"
+    ARM64 = "ARM64"
 
     # Allow this to be sorted
     def __lt__(self, other: "Architecture") -> bool:
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
         elif platform == "macos":
             return {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64, Architecture.universal2}
         elif platform == "windows":
-            return {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64}
+            return {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64, Architecture.ARM64}
         else:
             assert_never(platform)
 

cibuildwheel/docker_container.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class DockerContainer:
     An object that represents a running Docker container.
 
     Intended for use as a context manager e.g.
-    `with DockerContainer('ubuntu') as docker:`
+    `with DockerContainer(docker_image = 'ubuntu') as docker:`
 
     A bash shell is running in the remote container. When `call()` is invoked,
     the command is relayed to the remote shell, and the results are streamed
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class DockerContainer:
     bash_stdout: IO[bytes]
 
     def __init__(
-        self, docker_image: str, simulate_32_bit: bool = False, cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None
+        self, *, docker_image: str, simulate_32_bit: bool = False, cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None
     ):
         if not docker_image:
             raise ValueError("Must have a non-empty docker image to run.")

cibuildwheel/environment.py

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-from typing import Dict, List, Mapping, Optional
+import dataclasses
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Sequence
 
 import bashlex
 
+from cibuildwheel.typing import Protocol
+
 from . import bashlex_eval
 
 
@@ -38,7 +41,41 @@ def split_env_items(env_string: str) -> List[str]:
     return result
 
 
-class EnvironmentAssignment:
+class EnvironmentAssignment(Protocol):
+    name: str
+
+    def evaluated_value(
+        self,
+        *,
+        environment: Dict[str, str],
+        executor: Optional[bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Returns the value of this assignment, as evaluated in the environment"""
+        ...
+
+
+class EnvironmentAssignmentRaw:
+    """
+    An environment variable - a simple name/value pair
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.name}: {self.value}"
+
+    def evaluated_value(self, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
+        return self.value
+
+
+class EnvironmentAssignmentBash:
+    """
+    An environment variable, in bash syntax. The value can use bash constructs
+    like "$OTHER_VAR" and "$(command arg1 arg2)".
+    """
+
     def __init__(self, assignment: str):
         name, equals, value = assignment.partition("=")
         if not equals:
@@ -51,19 +88,23 @@ class EnvironmentAssignment:
         environment: Dict[str, str],
         executor: Optional[bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor] = None,
     ) -> str:
-        """Returns the value of this assignment, as evaluated in the environment"""
         return bashlex_eval.evaluate(self.value, environment=environment, executor=executor)
 
-    def as_shell_assignment(self) -> str:
-        return f"export {self.name}={self.value}"
-
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.name}={self.value}"
 
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, EnvironmentAssignmentBash):
+            return self.name == other.name and self.value == other.value
+        return False
 
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ParsedEnvironment:
-    def __init__(self, assignments: List[EnvironmentAssignment]):
+    assignments: List[EnvironmentAssignment]
-        self.assignments = assignments
+
+    def __init__(self, assignments: Sequence[EnvironmentAssignment]) -> None:
+        self.assignments = list(assignments)
 
     def as_dictionary(
         self,
@@ -78,14 +119,14 @@ class ParsedEnvironment:
 
         return environment
 
-    def as_shell_commands(self) -> List[str]:
+    def add(self, name: str, value: str) -> None:
-        return [a.as_shell_assignment() for a in self.assignments]
+        self.assignments.append(EnvironmentAssignmentRaw(name=name, value=value))
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"ParsedEnvironment({[repr(a) for a in self.assignments]!r})"
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({[repr(a) for a in self.assignments]!r})"
 
 
 def parse_environment(env_string: str) -> ParsedEnvironment:
     env_items = split_env_items(env_string)
-    assignments = [EnvironmentAssignment(item) for item in env_items]
+    assignments = [EnvironmentAssignmentBash(item) for item in env_items]
     return ParsedEnvironment(assignments=assignments)

cibuildwheel/extra.py

@@ -2,22 +2,31 @@
 These are utilities for the `/bin` scripts, not for the `cibuildwheel` program.
 """
 
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from io import StringIO
+from typing import Dict, List
 
-import toml.encoder
+from .typing import Protocol
-from packaging.version import Version
+
+__all__ = ("Printable", "dump_python_configurations")
 
 
-class InlineArrayDictEncoder(toml.encoder.TomlEncoder):  # type: ignore
+class Printable(Protocol):
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        super().__init__()
+        ...
-        self.dump_funcs[Version] = lambda v: f'"{v}"'
 
-    def dump_sections(self, o: Dict[str, Any], sup: str) -> Any:
+
-        if not all(isinstance(a, list) for a in o.values()):
+def dump_python_configurations(inp: Dict[str, Dict[str, List[Dict[str, Printable]]]]) -> str:
-            return super().dump_sections(o, sup)
+    output = StringIO()
-        val = ""
+    for header, values in inp.items():
-        for k, v in o.items():
+        output.write(f"[{header}]\n")
-            inner = ",\n  ".join(self.dump_inline_table(d_i).strip() for d_i in v)
+        for inner_header, listing in values.items():
-            val += f"{k} = [\n  {inner},\n]\n"
+            output.write(f"{inner_header} = [\n")
-        return val, self._dict()
+            for item in listing:
+                output.write("  { ")
+                dict_contents = (f'{key} = "{value}"' for key, value in item.items())
+                output.write(", ".join(dict_contents))
+                output.write(" },\n")
+            output.write("]\n")
+        output.write("\n")
+    # Strip the final newline, to avoid two blank lines at the end.
+    return output.getvalue()[:-1]

cibuildwheel/linux.py

@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from typing import List, NamedTuple, Set
+from typing import Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Set, Tuple
 
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .docker_container import DockerContainer
 from .logger import log
-from .typing import PathOrStr, assert_never
+from .options import Options
+from .typing import OrderedDict, PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
-    BuildOptions,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
     get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
         return PurePath(self.path_str)
 
 
+class BuildStep(NamedTuple):
+    platform_configs: List[PythonConfiguration]
+    platform_tag: str
+    docker_image: str
+
+
 def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector,
     architectures: Set[Architecture],
@@ -47,7 +53,257 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     ]
 
 
-def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
+def docker_image_for_python_configuration(config: PythonConfiguration, options: Options) -> str:
+    build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
+    # e.g
+    # identifier is 'cp310-manylinux_x86_64'
+    # platform_tag is 'manylinux_x86_64'
+    # platform_arch is 'x86_64'
+    _, platform_tag = config.identifier.split("-", 1)
+    _, platform_arch = platform_tag.split("_", 1)
+
+    assert build_options.manylinux_images is not None
+    assert build_options.musllinux_images is not None
+
+    return (
+        build_options.manylinux_images[platform_arch]
+        if platform_tag.startswith("manylinux")
+        else build_options.musllinux_images[platform_arch]
+    )
+
+
+def get_build_steps(
+    options: Options, python_configurations: List[PythonConfiguration]
+) -> Iterator[BuildStep]:
+    """
+    Groups PythonConfigurations into BuildSteps. Each BuildStep represents a
+    separate Docker container.
+    """
+    steps = OrderedDict[Tuple[str, str, str], BuildStep]()
+
+    for config in python_configurations:
+        _, platform_tag = config.identifier.split("-", 1)
+
+        before_all = options.build_options(config.identifier).before_all
+        docker_image = docker_image_for_python_configuration(config, options)
+
+        step_key = (platform_tag, docker_image, before_all)
+
+        if step_key in steps:
+            steps[step_key].platform_configs.append(config)
+        else:
+            steps[step_key] = BuildStep(
+                platform_configs=[config], platform_tag=platform_tag, docker_image=docker_image
+            )
+
+    yield from steps.values()
+
+
+def build_on_docker(
+    *,
+    options: Options,
+    platform_configs: List[PythonConfiguration],
+    docker: DockerContainer,
+    container_project_path: PurePath,
+    container_package_dir: PurePath,
+) -> None:
+    container_output_dir = PurePath("/output")
+
+    log.step("Copying project into Docker...")
+    docker.copy_into(Path.cwd(), container_project_path)
+
+    before_all_options_identifier = platform_configs[0].identifier
+    before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
+
+    if before_all_options.before_all:
+        log.step("Running before_all...")
+
+        env = docker.get_environment()
+        env["PATH"] = f'/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin:{env["PATH"]}'
+        env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
+        env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(
+            env, executor=docker.environment_executor
+        )
+
+        before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
+            before_all_options.before_all,
+            project=container_project_path,
+            package=container_package_dir,
+        )
+        docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_all_prepared], env=env)
+
+    for config in platform_configs:
+        log.build_start(config.identifier)
+        build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
+
+        dependency_constraint_flags: List[PathOrStr] = []
+
+        if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+            constraints_file = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                config.version
+            )
+            container_constraints_file = PurePath("/constraints.txt")
+
+            docker.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
+            dependency_constraint_flags = ["-c", container_constraints_file]
+
+        log.step("Setting up build environment...")
+
+        env = docker.get_environment()
+
+        # put this config's python top of the list
+        python_bin = config.path / "bin"
+        env["PATH"] = f'{python_bin}:{env["PATH"]}'
+
+        env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(env, executor=docker.environment_executor)
+
+        # check config python is still on PATH
+        which_python = docker.call(["which", "python"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
+        if PurePath(which_python) != python_bin / "python":
+            print(
+                "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        which_pip = docker.call(["which", "pip"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
+        if PurePath(which_pip) != python_bin / "pip":
+            print(
+                "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        if build_options.before_build:
+            log.step("Running before_build...")
+            before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
+                build_options.before_build,
+                project=container_project_path,
+                package=container_package_dir,
+            )
+            docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_build_prepared], env=env)
+
+        log.step("Building wheel...")
+
+        temp_dir = PurePath("/tmp/cibuildwheel")
+        built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
+        docker.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
+        docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
+
+        verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
+
+        if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
+            docker.call(
+                [
+                    "python",
+                    "-m",
+                    "pip",
+                    "wheel",
+                    container_package_dir,
+                    f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                    "--no-deps",
+                    *verbosity_flags,
+                ],
+                env=env,
+            )
+        elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
+            config_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
+            docker.call(
+                [
+                    "python",
+                    "-m",
+                    "build",
+                    container_package_dir,
+                    "--wheel",
+                    f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                    f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
+                ],
+                env=env,
+            )
+        else:
+            assert_never(build_options.build_frontend)
+
+        built_wheel = docker.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
+
+        repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
+        docker.call(["rm", "-rf", repaired_wheel_dir])
+        docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", repaired_wheel_dir])
+
+        if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
+            raise NonPlatformWheelError()
+
+        if build_options.repair_command:
+            log.step("Repairing wheel...")
+            repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
+                build_options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
+            )
+            docker.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
+        else:
+            docker.call(["mv", built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir])
+
+        repaired_wheels = docker.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl")
+
+        if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
+            log.step("Testing wheel...")
+
+            # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
+            # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
+            docker.call(["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env)
+            venv_dir = PurePath(docker.call(["mktemp", "-d"], capture_output=True).strip()) / "venv"
+
+            docker.call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env)
+
+            virtualenv_env = env.copy()
+            virtualenv_env["PATH"] = f"{venv_dir / 'bin'}:{virtualenv_env['PATH']}"
+
+            if build_options.before_test:
+                before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
+                    build_options.before_test,
+                    project=container_project_path,
+                    package=container_package_dir,
+                )
+                docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_test_prepared], env=virtualenv_env)
+
+            # Install the wheel we just built
+            # Note: If auditwheel produced two wheels, it's because the earlier produced wheel
+            # conforms to multiple manylinux standards. These multiple versions of the wheel are
+            # functionally the same, differing only in name, wheel metadata, and possibly include
+            # different external shared libraries. so it doesn't matter which one we run the tests on.
+            # Let's just pick the first one.
+            wheel_to_test = repaired_wheels[0]
+            docker.call(
+                ["pip", "install", str(wheel_to_test) + build_options.test_extras],
+                env=virtualenv_env,
+            )
+
+            # Install any requirements to run the tests
+            if build_options.test_requires:
+                docker.call(["pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires], env=virtualenv_env)
+
+            # Run the tests from a different directory
+            test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
+                build_options.test_command,
+                project=container_project_path,
+                package=container_package_dir,
+            )
+            docker.call(["sh", "-c", test_command_prepared], cwd="/root", env=virtualenv_env)
+
+            # clean up test environment
+            docker.call(["rm", "-rf", venv_dir])
+
+        # move repaired wheels to output
+        docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", container_output_dir])
+        docker.call(["mv", *repaired_wheels, container_output_dir])
+
+        log.build_end()
+
+    log.step("Copying wheels back to host...")
+    # copy the output back into the host
+    docker.copy_out(container_output_dir, options.globals.output_dir)
+    log.step_end()
+
+
+def build(options: Options) -> None:
     try:
         # check docker is installed
         subprocess.run(["docker", "--version"], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
@@ -60,254 +316,39 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
         )
         sys.exit(2)
 
-    assert options.manylinux_images is not None
+    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
-    assert options.musllinux_images is not None
+        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
-    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(options.build_selector, options.architectures)
+    )
-    platforms = [
-        ("cp", "manylinux_x86_64", options.manylinux_images["x86_64"]),
-        ("cp", "manylinux_i686", options.manylinux_images["i686"]),
-        ("cp", "manylinux_aarch64", options.manylinux_images["aarch64"]),
-        ("cp", "manylinux_ppc64le", options.manylinux_images["ppc64le"]),
-        ("cp", "manylinux_s390x", options.manylinux_images["s390x"]),
-        ("pp", "manylinux_x86_64", options.manylinux_images["pypy_x86_64"]),
-        ("pp", "manylinux_aarch64", options.manylinux_images["pypy_aarch64"]),
-        ("pp", "manylinux_i686", options.manylinux_images["pypy_i686"]),
-        ("cp", "musllinux_x86_64", options.musllinux_images["x86_64"]),
-        ("cp", "musllinux_i686", options.musllinux_images["i686"]),
-        ("cp", "musllinux_aarch64", options.musllinux_images["aarch64"]),
-        ("cp", "musllinux_ppc64le", options.musllinux_images["ppc64le"]),
-        ("cp", "musllinux_s390x", options.musllinux_images["s390x"]),
-    ]
 
     cwd = Path.cwd()
-    abs_package_dir = options.package_dir.resolve()
+    abs_package_dir = options.globals.package_dir.resolve()
     if cwd != abs_package_dir and cwd not in abs_package_dir.parents:
         raise Exception("package_dir must be inside the working directory")
 
     container_project_path = PurePath("/project")
     container_package_dir = container_project_path / abs_package_dir.relative_to(cwd)
-    container_output_dir = PurePath("/output")
-
-    for implementation, platform_tag, docker_image in platforms:
-        platform_configs = [
-            c
-            for c in python_configurations
-            if c.identifier.startswith(implementation) and c.identifier.endswith(platform_tag)
-        ]
-        if not platform_configs:
-            continue
 
+    for build_step in get_build_steps(options, python_configurations):
         try:
-            log.step(f"Starting Docker image {docker_image}...")
+            ids_to_build = [x.identifier for x in build_step.platform_configs]
+            log.step(
+                f"Starting Docker image {build_step.docker_image} for {', '.join(ids_to_build)}..."
+            )
+
             with DockerContainer(
-                docker_image,
+                docker_image=build_step.docker_image,
-                simulate_32_bit=platform_tag.endswith("i686"),
+                simulate_32_bit=build_step.platform_tag.endswith("i686"),
                 cwd=container_project_path,
             ) as docker:
 
-                log.step("Copying project into Docker...")
+                build_on_docker(
-                docker.copy_into(Path.cwd(), container_project_path)
+                    options=options,
+                    platform_configs=build_step.platform_configs,
+                    docker=docker,
+                    container_project_path=container_project_path,
+                    container_package_dir=container_package_dir,
+                )
 
-                if options.before_all:
-                    log.step("Running before_all...")
-
-                    env = docker.get_environment()
-                    env["PATH"] = f'/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin:{env["PATH"]}'
-                    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
-                    env = options.environment.as_dictionary(
-                        env, executor=docker.environment_executor
-                    )
-
-                    before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        options.before_all,
-                        project=container_project_path,
-                        package=container_package_dir,
-                    )
-                    docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_all_prepared], env=env)
-
-                for config in platform_configs:
-                    log.build_start(config.identifier)
-
-                    dependency_constraint_flags: List[PathOrStr] = []
-
-                    if options.dependency_constraints:
-                        constraints_file = options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                            config.version
-                        )
-                        container_constraints_file = PurePath("/constraints.txt")
-
-                        docker.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
-                        dependency_constraint_flags = ["-c", container_constraints_file]
-
-                    log.step("Setting up build environment...")
-
-                    env = docker.get_environment()
-
-                    # put this config's python top of the list
-                    python_bin = config.path / "bin"
-                    env["PATH"] = f'{python_bin}:{env["PATH"]}'
-
-                    env = options.environment.as_dictionary(
-                        env, executor=docker.environment_executor
-                    )
-
-                    # check config python is still on PATH
-                    which_python = docker.call(
-                        ["which", "python"], env=env, capture_output=True
-                    ).strip()
-                    if PurePath(which_python) != python_bin / "python":
-                        print(
-                            "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
-                            file=sys.stderr,
-                        )
-                        sys.exit(1)
-
-                    which_pip = docker.call(["which", "pip"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
-                    if PurePath(which_pip) != python_bin / "pip":
-                        print(
-                            "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
-                            file=sys.stderr,
-                        )
-                        sys.exit(1)
-
-                    if options.before_build:
-                        log.step("Running before_build...")
-                        before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                            options.before_build,
-                            project=container_project_path,
-                            package=container_package_dir,
-                        )
-                        docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_build_prepared], env=env)
-
-                    log.step("Building wheel...")
-
-                    temp_dir = PurePath("/tmp/cibuildwheel")
-                    built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
-                    docker.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
-                    docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
-
-                    verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(options.build_verbosity)
-
-                    if options.build_frontend == "pip":
-                        docker.call(
-                            [
-                                "python",
-                                "-m",
-                                "pip",
-                                "wheel",
-                                container_package_dir,
-                                f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                                "--no-deps",
-                                *verbosity_flags,
-                            ],
-                            env=env,
-                        )
-                    elif options.build_frontend == "build":
-                        config_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
-                        docker.call(
-                            [
-                                "python",
-                                "-m",
-                                "build",
-                                container_package_dir,
-                                "--wheel",
-                                f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                                f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
-                            ],
-                            env=env,
-                        )
-                    else:
-                        assert_never(options.build_frontend)
-
-                    built_wheel = docker.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
-
-                    repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
-                    docker.call(["rm", "-rf", repaired_wheel_dir])
-                    docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", repaired_wheel_dir])
-
-                    if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                        raise NonPlatformWheelError()
-
-                    if options.repair_command:
-                        log.step("Repairing wheel...")
-                        repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                            options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
-                        )
-                        docker.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
-                    else:
-                        docker.call(["mv", built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir])
-
-                    repaired_wheels = docker.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl")
-
-                    if options.test_command and options.test_selector(config.identifier):
-                        log.step("Testing wheel...")
-
-                        # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
-                        # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-                        docker.call(
-                            ["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env
-                        )
-                        venv_dir = (
-                            PurePath(docker.call(["mktemp", "-d"], capture_output=True).strip())
-                            / "venv"
-                        )
-
-                        docker.call(
-                            ["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env
-                        )
-
-                        virtualenv_env = env.copy()
-                        virtualenv_env["PATH"] = f"{venv_dir / 'bin'}:{virtualenv_env['PATH']}"
-
-                        if options.before_test:
-                            before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
-                                options.before_test,
-                                project=container_project_path,
-                                package=container_package_dir,
-                            )
-                            docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_test_prepared], env=virtualenv_env)
-
-                        # Install the wheel we just built
-                        # Note: If auditwheel produced two wheels, it's because the earlier produced wheel
-                        # conforms to multiple manylinux standards. These multiple versions of the wheel are
-                        # functionally the same, differing only in name, wheel metadata, and possibly include
-                        # different external shared libraries. so it doesn't matter which one we run the tests on.
-                        # Let's just pick the first one.
-                        wheel_to_test = repaired_wheels[0]
-                        docker.call(
-                            ["pip", "install", str(wheel_to_test) + options.test_extras],
-                            env=virtualenv_env,
-                        )
-
-                        # Install any requirements to run the tests
-                        if options.test_requires:
-                            docker.call(
-                                ["pip", "install", *options.test_requires], env=virtualenv_env
-                            )
-
-                        # Run the tests from a different directory
-                        test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                            options.test_command,
-                            project=container_project_path,
-                            package=container_package_dir,
-                        )
-                        docker.call(
-                            ["sh", "-c", test_command_prepared], cwd="/root", env=virtualenv_env
-                        )
-
-                        # clean up test environment
-                        docker.call(["rm", "-rf", venv_dir])
-
-                    # move repaired wheels to output
-                    docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", container_output_dir])
-                    docker.call(["mv", *repaired_wheels, container_output_dir])
-
-                    log.build_end()
-
-                log.step("Copying wheels back to host...")
-                # copy the output back into the host
-                docker.copy_out(container_output_dir, options.output_dir)
-                log.step_end()
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
             log.step_end_with_error(
                 f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout}"
@@ -323,16 +364,18 @@ def _matches_prepared_command(error_cmd: List[str], command_template: str) -> bo
     return error_cmd[2].startswith(command_prefix)
 
 
-def troubleshoot(options: BuildOptions, error: Exception) -> None:
+def troubleshoot(options: Options, error: Exception) -> None:
 
     if isinstance(error, subprocess.CalledProcessError) and (
         error.cmd[0:4] == ["python", "-m", "pip", "wheel"]
         or error.cmd[0:3] == ["python", "-m", "build"]
-        or _matches_prepared_command(error.cmd, options.repair_command)
+        or _matches_prepared_command(
+            error.cmd, options.build_options(None).repair_command
+        )  # TODO allow matching of overrides too?
     ):
-        # the wheel build step failed
+        # the wheel build step or the repair step failed
         print("Checking for common errors...")
-        so_files = list(options.package_dir.glob("**/*.so"))
+        so_files = list(options.globals.package_dir.glob("**/*.so"))
 
         if so_files:
             print(

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCIPTIONS = {
     "musllinux_s390x": "manylinux s390x",
     "win32": "Windows 32bit",
     "win_amd64": "Windows 64bit",
+    "win_arm64": "Windows on ARM 64bit",
     "macosx_x86_64": "macOS x86_64",
     "macosx_universal2": "macOS Universal 2 - x86_64 and arm64",
     "macosx_arm64": "macOS arm64 - Apple Silicon",

cibuildwheel/macos.py

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ from typing import Any, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple,
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
 from .logger import log
+from .options import Options
 from .typing import Literal, PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
     BuildFrontend,
-    BuildOptions,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
     download,
@@ -90,28 +90,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     ]
 
     # skip builds as required by BUILD/SKIP
-    python_configurations = [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]
+    return [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]
-
-    # When running on macOS 11 and x86_64, the reported OS is '10.16', but
-    # there is no such OS - it really means macOS 11.
-    if get_macos_version() >= (10, 16):
-        if any(c.identifier.startswith("pp") for c in python_configurations):
-            # pypy doesn't work on macOS 11 yet
-            # See https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/issues/3314
-            log.warning(
-                unwrap(
-                    """
-                    PyPy is currently unsupported when building on macOS 11. To build macOS PyPy
-                    wheels, build on an older OS, such as macOS 10.15. To silence this warning,
-                    deselect PyPy by adding "pp*-macosx*" to your CIBW_SKIP option.
-                    """
-                )
-            )
-            python_configurations = [
-                c for c in python_configurations if not c.identifier.startswith("pp")
-            ]
-
-    return python_configurations
 
 
 SYMLINKS_DIR = Path("/tmp/cibw_bin")
@@ -213,24 +192,10 @@ def setup_python(
     # https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/620
     # Also see https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/9516
     env.pop("__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__", None)
-    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
 
     # we version pip ourselves, so we don't care about pip version checking
     env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
 
-    # check what version we're on
-    call(["which", "python"], env=env)
-    call(["python", "--version"], env=env)
-    which_python = subprocess.run(
-        ["which", "python"], env=env, universal_newlines=True, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
-    ).stdout.strip()
-    if which_python != "/tmp/cibw_bin/python":
-        print(
-            "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
-            file=sys.stderr,
-        )
-        sys.exit(1)
-
     # Install pip
 
     requires_reinstall = not (installation_bin_path / "pip").exists()
@@ -254,6 +219,10 @@ def setup_python(
         cwd="/tmp",
     )
 
+    # Apply our environment after pip is ready
+    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
+
+    # check what pip version we're on
     assert (installation_bin_path / "pip").exists()
     call(["which", "pip"], env=env)
     call(["pip", "--version"], env=env)
@@ -267,6 +236,19 @@ def setup_python(
         )
         sys.exit(1)
 
+    # check what Python version we're on
+    call(["which", "python"], env=env)
+    call(["python", "--version"], env=env)
+    which_python = subprocess.run(
+        ["which", "python"], env=env, universal_newlines=True, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+    ).stdout.strip()
+    if which_python != "/tmp/cibw_bin/python":
+        print(
+            "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
     # Set MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET to 10.9, if the user didn't set it.
     # PyPy defaults to 10.7, causing inconsistencies if it's left unset.
     env.setdefault("MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "10.9")
@@ -343,49 +325,53 @@ def setup_python(
     return env
 
 
-def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
+def build(options: Options) -> None:
     temp_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="cibuildwheel"))
     built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
     repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
 
+    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
+        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
+    )
+
     try:
-        if options.before_all:
+        before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
+        before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
+
+        if before_all_options.before_all:
             log.step("Running before_all...")
-            env = options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=os.environ)
+            env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=os.environ)
             env.setdefault("MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "10.9")
             before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
-                options.before_all, project=".", package=options.package_dir
+                before_all_options.before_all, project=".", package=before_all_options.package_dir
             )
             call([before_all_prepared], shell=True, env=env)
 
-        python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
-            options.build_selector, options.architectures
-        )
-
         for config in python_configurations:
+            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
             config_is_arm64 = config.identifier.endswith("arm64")
             config_is_universal2 = config.identifier.endswith("universal2")
 
             dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr] = []
-            if options.dependency_constraints:
+            if build_options.dependency_constraints:
                 dependency_constraint_flags = [
                     "-c",
-                    options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version),
+                    build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version),
                 ]
 
             env = setup_python(
                 config,
                 dependency_constraint_flags,
-                options.environment,
+                build_options.environment,
-                options.build_frontend,
+                build_options.build_frontend,
             )
 
-            if options.before_build:
+            if build_options.before_build:
                 log.step("Running before_build...")
                 before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    options.before_build, project=".", package=options.package_dir
+                    build_options.before_build, project=".", package=build_options.package_dir
                 )
                 call(before_build_prepared, env=env, shell=True)
 
@@ -394,9 +380,9 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                 shutil.rmtree(built_wheel_dir)
             built_wheel_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
 
-            verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(options.build_verbosity)
+            verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
 
-            if options.build_frontend == "pip":
+            if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
                 # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                 # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
                 call(
@@ -405,18 +391,20 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                         "-m",
                         "pip",
                         "wheel",
-                        options.package_dir.resolve(),
+                        build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
                         f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
                         "--no-deps",
                         *verbosity_flags,
                     ],
                     env=env,
                 )
-            elif options.build_frontend == "build":
+            elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
                 config_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
                 build_env = env.copy()
-                if options.dependency_constraints:
+                if build_options.dependency_constraints:
-                    constr = options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version)
+                    constr = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                        config.version
+                    )
                     build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = constr.as_uri()
                 build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = get_pip_version(env)
                 call(
@@ -424,7 +412,7 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                         "python",
                         "-m",
                         "build",
-                        options.package_dir,
+                        build_options.package_dir,
                         "--wheel",
                         f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
                         f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
@@ -432,7 +420,7 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                     env=build_env,
                 )
             else:
-                assert_never(options.build_frontend)
+                assert_never(build_options.build_frontend)
 
             built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
@@ -443,7 +431,7 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
             if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                 raise NonPlatformWheelError()
 
-            if options.repair_command:
+            if build_options.repair_command:
                 log.step("Repairing wheel...")
 
                 if config_is_universal2:
@@ -454,7 +442,7 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                     delocate_archs = "x86_64"
 
                 repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    options.repair_command,
+                    build_options.repair_command,
                     wheel=built_wheel,
                     dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
                     delocate_archs=delocate_archs,
@@ -467,7 +455,7 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
 
             log.step_end()
 
-            if options.test_command and options.test_selector(config.identifier):
+            if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
                 machine_arch = platform.machine()
                 testing_archs: List[Literal["x86_64", "arm64"]] = []
 
@@ -481,7 +469,7 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                 for testing_arch in testing_archs:
                     if config_is_universal2:
                         arch_specific_identifier = f"{config.identifier}:{testing_arch}"
-                        if not options.test_selector(arch_specific_identifier):
+                        if not build_options.test_selector(arch_specific_identifier):
                             continue
 
                     if machine_arch == "x86_64" and testing_arch == "arm64":
@@ -562,31 +550,33 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                     # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
                     call_with_arch(["which", "python"], env=virtualenv_env)
 
-                    if options.before_test:
+                    if build_options.before_test:
                         before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
-                            options.before_test, project=".", package=options.package_dir
+                            build_options.before_test,
+                            project=".",
+                            package=build_options.package_dir,
                         )
                         call_with_arch(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env, shell=True)
 
                     # install the wheel
                     call_with_arch(
-                        ["pip", "install", f"{repaired_wheel}{options.test_extras}"],
+                        ["pip", "install", f"{repaired_wheel}{build_options.test_extras}"],
                         env=virtualenv_env,
                     )
 
                     # test the wheel
-                    if options.test_requires:
+                    if build_options.test_requires:
                         call_with_arch(
-                            ["pip", "install"] + options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env
+                            ["pip", "install"] + build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env
                         )
 
                     # run the tests from $HOME, with an absolute path in the command
                     # (this ensures that Python runs the tests against the installed wheel
                     # and not the repo code)
                     test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        options.test_command,
+                        build_options.test_command,
                         project=Path(".").resolve(),
-                        package=options.package_dir.resolve(),
+                        package=build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
                     )
                     call_with_arch(
                         test_command_prepared,
@@ -599,7 +589,7 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                     shutil.rmtree(venv_dir)
 
             # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
-            shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), options.output_dir)
+            shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
             log.build_end()
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
         log.step_end_with_error(

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -1,15 +1,116 @@
 import os
+import sys
+import traceback
+from configparser import ConfigParser
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
 
-import toml
+import tomli
+from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+
+from .architecture import Architecture
+from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
+from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str
+from .typing import PLATFORMS, Literal, PlatformName, TypedDict
+from .util import (
+    MANYLINUX_ARCHS,
+    MUSLLINUX_ARCHS,
+    BuildFrontend,
+    BuildSelector,
+    DependencyConstraints,
+    TestSelector,
+    resources_dir,
+    selector_matches,
+    strtobool,
+    unwrap,
+)
+
+
+class CommandLineArguments:
+    platform: Literal["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"]
+    archs: Optional[str]
+    output_dir: Optional[str]
+    config_file: str
+    package_dir: str
+    print_build_identifiers: bool
+    allow_empty: bool
+    prerelease_pythons: bool
+
+
+class GlobalOptions(NamedTuple):
+    package_dir: Path
+    output_dir: Path
+    build_selector: BuildSelector
+    test_selector: TestSelector
+    architectures: Set[Architecture]
+
+
+class BuildOptions(NamedTuple):
+    globals: GlobalOptions
+    environment: ParsedEnvironment
+    before_all: str
+    before_build: Optional[str]
+    repair_command: str
+    manylinux_images: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
+    musllinux_images: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
+    dependency_constraints: Optional[DependencyConstraints]
+    test_command: Optional[str]
+    before_test: Optional[str]
+    test_requires: List[str]
+    test_extras: str
+    build_verbosity: int
+    build_frontend: BuildFrontend
+
+    @property
+    def package_dir(self) -> Path:
+        return self.globals.package_dir
+
+    @property
+    def output_dir(self) -> Path:
+        return self.globals.output_dir
+
+    @property
+    def build_selector(self) -> BuildSelector:
+        return self.globals.build_selector
+
+    @property
+    def test_selector(self) -> TestSelector:
+        return self.globals.test_selector
+
+    @property
+    def architectures(self) -> Set[Architecture]:
+        return self.globals.architectures
 
-from .typing import PLATFORMS, TypedDict
-from .util import resources_dir
 
 Setting = Union[Dict[str, str], List[str], str]
 
 
+class Override(NamedTuple):
+    select_pattern: str
+    options: Dict[str, Setting]
+
+
+MANYLINUX_OPTIONS = {f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image" for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS}
+MUSLLINUX_OPTIONS = {f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image" for build_platform in MUSLLINUX_ARCHS}
+DISALLOWED_OPTIONS = {
+    "linux": {"dependency-versions"},
+    "macos": MANYLINUX_OPTIONS | MUSLLINUX_OPTIONS,
+    "windows": MANYLINUX_OPTIONS | MUSLLINUX_OPTIONS,
+}
+
+
 class TableFmt(TypedDict):
     item: str
     sep: str
@@ -41,29 +142,28 @@ def _dig_first(*pairs: Tuple[Mapping[str, Setting], str], ignore_empty: bool = F
     raise KeyError(key)
 
 
-class ConfigOptions:
+class OptionsReader:
     """
     Gets options from the environment, config or defaults, optionally scoped
     by the platform.
 
     Example:
-      >>> options = ConfigOptions(package_dir, platform='macos')
+      >>> options_reader = OptionsReader(config_file, platform='macos')
-      >>> options('cool-color')
+      >>> options_reader.get('cool-color')
 
       This will return the value of CIBW_COOL_COLOR_MACOS if it exists,
       otherwise the value of CIBW_COOL_COLOR, otherwise
       'tool.cibuildwheel.macos.cool-color' or 'tool.cibuildwheel.cool-color'
-      from pyproject.toml, or from cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml. An
+      from `config_file`, or from cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml. An
       error is thrown if there are any unexpected keys or sections in
       tool.cibuildwheel.
     """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        package_path: Path,
+        config_file_path: Optional[Path] = None,
-        config_file: Optional[str] = None,
         *,
-        platform: str,
+        platform: PlatformName,
         disallow: Optional[Dict[str, Set[str]]] = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.platform = platform
@@ -77,14 +177,8 @@ class ConfigOptions:
         config_options: Dict[str, Any] = {}
         config_platform_options: Dict[str, Any] = {}
 
-        if config_file is not None:
+        if config_file_path is not None:
-            config_path = Path(config_file.format(package=package_path))
+            config_options, config_platform_options = self._load_file(config_file_path)
-            config_options, config_platform_options = self._load_file(config_path)
-        else:
-            # load pyproject.toml, if it's available
-            pyproject_toml_path = package_path / "pyproject.toml"
-            if pyproject_toml_path.exists():
-                config_options, config_platform_options = self._load_file(pyproject_toml_path)
 
         # Validate project config
         for option_name in config_options:
@@ -100,12 +194,32 @@ class ConfigOptions:
         self.config_options = config_options
         self.config_platform_options = config_platform_options
 
+        self.overrides: List[Override] = []
+        self.current_identifier: Optional[str] = None
+
+        config_overrides = self.config_options.get("overrides")
+
+        if config_overrides is not None:
+            if not isinstance(config_overrides, list):
+                raise ConfigOptionError('"tool.cibuildwheel.overrides" must be a list')
+
+            for config_override in config_overrides:
+                select = config_override.pop("select", None)
+
+                if not select:
+                    raise ConfigOptionError('"select" must be set in an override')
+
+                if isinstance(select, list):
+                    select = " ".join(select)
+
+                self.overrides.append(Override(select, config_override))
+
     def _is_valid_global_option(self, name: str) -> bool:
         """
         Returns True if an option with this name is allowed in the
         [tool.cibuildwheel] section of a config file.
         """
-        allowed_option_names = self.default_options.keys() | PLATFORMS
+        allowed_option_names = self.default_options.keys() | PLATFORMS | {"overrides"}
 
         return name in allowed_option_names
 
@@ -126,14 +240,31 @@ class ConfigOptions:
         """
         Load a toml file, returns global and platform as separate dicts.
         """
-        config = toml.load(filename)
+        with filename.open("rb") as f:
+            config = tomli.load(f)
 
         global_options = config.get("tool", {}).get("cibuildwheel", {})
         platform_options = global_options.get(self.platform, {})
 
         return global_options, platform_options
 
-    def __call__(
+    @property
+    def active_config_overrides(self) -> List[Override]:
+        if self.current_identifier is None:
+            return []
+        return [
+            o for o in self.overrides if selector_matches(o.select_pattern, self.current_identifier)
+        ]
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def identifier(self, identifier: Optional[str]) -> Iterator[None]:
+        self.current_identifier = identifier
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.current_identifier = None
+
+    def get(
         self,
         name: str,
         *,
@@ -159,11 +290,15 @@ class ConfigOptions:
         envvar = f"CIBW_{name.upper().replace('-', '_')}"
         plat_envvar = f"{envvar}_{self.platform.upper()}"
 
+        # later overrides take precedence over earlier ones, so reverse the list
+        active_config_overrides = reversed(self.active_config_overrides)
+
         # get the option from the environment, then the config file, then finally the default.
         # platform-specific options are preferred, if they're allowed.
         result = _dig_first(
-            (os.environ if env_plat else {}, plat_envvar),  # type: ignore
+            (os.environ if env_plat else {}, plat_envvar),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
             (os.environ, envvar),
+            *[(o.options, name) for o in active_config_overrides],
             (self.config_platform_options, name),
             (self.config_options, name),
             (self.default_platform_options, name),
@@ -183,3 +318,285 @@ class ConfigOptions:
             return str(result)
         else:
             return result
+
+
+class Options:
+    def __init__(self, platform: PlatformName, command_line_arguments: CommandLineArguments):
+        self.platform = platform
+        self.command_line_arguments = command_line_arguments
+
+        self.reader = OptionsReader(
+            self.config_file_path,
+            platform=platform,
+            disallow=DISALLOWED_OPTIONS,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def config_file_path(self) -> Optional[Path]:
+        args = self.command_line_arguments
+
+        if args.config_file:
+            return Path(args.config_file.format(package=args.package_dir))
+
+        # return pyproject.toml, if it's available
+        pyproject_toml_path = Path(args.package_dir) / "pyproject.toml"
+        if pyproject_toml_path.exists():
+            return pyproject_toml_path
+
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def package_requires_python_str(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_package_requires_python_str"):
+            args = self.command_line_arguments
+            self._package_requires_python_str = get_requires_python_str(Path(args.package_dir))
+        return self._package_requires_python_str
+
+    @property
+    def globals(self) -> GlobalOptions:
+        args = self.command_line_arguments
+        package_dir = Path(args.package_dir)
+        output_dir = Path(
+            args.output_dir
+            if args.output_dir is not None
+            else os.environ.get("CIBW_OUTPUT_DIR", "wheelhouse")
+        )
+
+        build_config = self.reader.get("build", env_plat=False, sep=" ") or "*"
+        skip_config = self.reader.get("skip", env_plat=False, sep=" ")
+        test_skip = self.reader.get("test-skip", env_plat=False, sep=" ")
+
+        prerelease_pythons = args.prerelease_pythons or strtobool(
+            os.environ.get("CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS", "0")
+        )
+
+        # This is not supported in tool.cibuildwheel, as it comes from a standard location.
+        # Passing this in as an environment variable will override pyproject.toml, setup.cfg, or setup.py
+        requires_python_str: Optional[str] = (
+            os.environ.get("CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON") or self.package_requires_python_str
+        )
+        requires_python = None if requires_python_str is None else SpecifierSet(requires_python_str)
+
+        build_selector = BuildSelector(
+            build_config=build_config,
+            skip_config=skip_config,
+            requires_python=requires_python,
+            prerelease_pythons=prerelease_pythons,
+        )
+        test_selector = TestSelector(skip_config=test_skip)
+
+        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", sep=" ")
+        architectures = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=self.platform)
+
+        return GlobalOptions(
+            package_dir=package_dir,
+            output_dir=output_dir,
+            build_selector=build_selector,
+            test_selector=test_selector,
+            architectures=architectures,
+        )
+
+    def build_options(self, identifier: Optional[str]) -> BuildOptions:
+        """
+        Compute BuildOptions for a single run configuration.
+        """
+
+        with self.reader.identifier(identifier):
+            before_all = self.reader.get("before-all", sep=" && ")
+
+            build_frontend_str = self.reader.get("build-frontend", env_plat=False)
+            environment_config = self.reader.get(
+                "environment", table={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "}
+            )
+            environment_pass = self.reader.get("environment-pass", sep=" ").split()
+            before_build = self.reader.get("before-build", sep=" && ")
+            repair_command = self.reader.get("repair-wheel-command", sep=" && ")
+
+            dependency_versions = self.reader.get("dependency-versions")
+            test_command = self.reader.get("test-command", sep=" && ")
+            before_test = self.reader.get("before-test", sep=" && ")
+            test_requires = self.reader.get("test-requires", sep=" ").split()
+            test_extras = self.reader.get("test-extras", sep=",")
+            build_verbosity_str = self.reader.get("build-verbosity")
+
+            build_frontend: BuildFrontend
+            if build_frontend_str == "build":
+                build_frontend = "build"
+            elif build_frontend_str == "pip":
+                build_frontend = "pip"
+            else:
+                msg = f"cibuildwheel: Unrecognised build frontend '{build_frontend_str}', only 'pip' and 'build' are supported"
+                print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+                sys.exit(2)
+
+            try:
+                environment = parse_environment(environment_config)
+            except (EnvironmentParseError, ValueError):
+                print(
+                    f'cibuildwheel: Malformed environment option "{environment_config}"',
+                    file=sys.stderr,
+                )
+                traceback.print_exc(None, sys.stderr)
+                sys.exit(2)
+
+            # Pass through environment variables
+            if self.platform == "linux":
+                for env_var_name in environment_pass:
+                    try:
+                        environment.add(env_var_name, os.environ[env_var_name])
+                    except KeyError:
+                        pass
+
+            if dependency_versions == "pinned":
+                dependency_constraints: Optional[
+                    DependencyConstraints
+                ] = DependencyConstraints.with_defaults()
+            elif dependency_versions == "latest":
+                dependency_constraints = None
+            else:
+                dependency_versions_path = Path(dependency_versions)
+                dependency_constraints = DependencyConstraints(dependency_versions_path)
+
+            if test_extras:
+                test_extras = f"[{test_extras}]"
+
+            try:
+                build_verbosity = min(3, max(-3, int(build_verbosity_str)))
+            except ValueError:
+                build_verbosity = 0
+
+            manylinux_images: Dict[str, str] = {}
+            musllinux_images: Dict[str, str] = {}
+            if self.platform == "linux":
+                all_pinned_docker_images = _get_pinned_docker_images()
+
+                for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS:
+                    pinned_images = all_pinned_docker_images[build_platform]
+
+                    config_value = self.reader.get(
+                        f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image", ignore_empty=True
+                    )
+
+                    if not config_value:
+                        # default to manylinux2014
+                        image = pinned_images.get("manylinux2014")
+                    elif config_value in pinned_images:
+                        image = pinned_images[config_value]
+                    else:
+                        image = config_value
+
+                    assert image is not None
+                    manylinux_images[build_platform] = image
+
+                for build_platform in MUSLLINUX_ARCHS:
+                    pinned_images = all_pinned_docker_images[build_platform]
+
+                    config_value = self.reader.get(f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image")
+
+                    if config_value is None:
+                        image = pinned_images["musllinux_1_1"]
+                    elif config_value in pinned_images:
+                        image = pinned_images[config_value]
+                    else:
+                        image = config_value
+
+                    musllinux_images[build_platform] = image
+
+            return BuildOptions(
+                globals=self.globals,
+                test_command=test_command,
+                test_requires=test_requires,
+                test_extras=test_extras,
+                before_test=before_test,
+                before_build=before_build,
+                before_all=before_all,
+                build_verbosity=build_verbosity,
+                repair_command=repair_command,
+                environment=environment,
+                dependency_constraints=dependency_constraints,
+                manylinux_images=manylinux_images or None,
+                musllinux_images=musllinux_images or None,
+                build_frontend=build_frontend,
+            )
+
+    def check_for_invalid_configuration(self, identifiers: List[str]) -> None:
+        if self.platform in ["macos", "windows"]:
+            before_all_values = {self.build_options(i).before_all for i in identifiers}
+
+            if len(before_all_values) > 1:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    unwrap(
+                        f"""
+                        before_all cannot be set to multiple values. On macOS and Windows,
+                        before_all is only run once, at the start of the build. before_all values
+                        are: {before_all_values!r}
+                        """
+                    )
+                )
+
+    def check_for_deprecated_options(self) -> None:
+        build_selector = self.globals.build_selector
+        test_selector = self.globals.test_selector
+
+        deprecated_selectors("CIBW_BUILD", build_selector.build_config, error=True)
+        deprecated_selectors("CIBW_SKIP", build_selector.skip_config)
+        deprecated_selectors("CIBW_TEST_SKIP", test_selector.skip_config)
+
+    def summary(self, identifiers: List[str]) -> str:
+        lines = [
+            f"{option_name}: {option_value!r}"
+            for option_name, option_value in sorted(self.globals._asdict().items())
+        ]
+
+        build_option_defaults = self.build_options(identifier=None)
+
+        for option_name, default_value in sorted(build_option_defaults._asdict().items()):
+            if option_name == "globals":
+                continue
+
+            lines.append(f"{option_name}: {default_value!r}")
+
+            # if any identifiers have an overridden value, print that too
+            for identifier in identifiers:
+                option_value = self.build_options(identifier=identifier)._asdict()[option_name]
+                if option_value != default_value:
+                    lines.append(f"  {identifier}: {option_value!r}")
+
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def compute_options(
+    platform: PlatformName,
+    command_line_arguments: CommandLineArguments,
+) -> Options:
+    options = Options(platform=platform, command_line_arguments=command_line_arguments)
+    options.check_for_deprecated_options()
+    return options
+
+
+_all_pinned_docker_images: Optional[ConfigParser] = None
+
+
+def _get_pinned_docker_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
+    """
+    This looks like a dict of dicts, e.g.
+    { 'x86_64': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
+      'i686': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
+      'pypy_x86_64': {'manylinux2010': '...' }
+      ... }
+    """
+    global _all_pinned_docker_images
+
+    if _all_pinned_docker_images is None:
+        pinned_docker_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
+        _all_pinned_docker_images = ConfigParser()
+        _all_pinned_docker_images.read(pinned_docker_images_file)
+    return _all_pinned_docker_images
+
+
+def deprecated_selectors(name: str, selector: str, *, error: bool = False) -> None:
+    if "p2" in selector or "p35" in selector:
+        msg = f"cibuildwheel 2.x no longer supports Python < 3.6. Please use the 1.x series or update {name}"
+        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+        if error:
+            sys.exit(4)

cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from configparser import ConfigParser
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
-import toml
+import tomli
 
 if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
     Constant = ast.Str
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
     def get_constant(x: ast.Str) -> str:
         return x.s
 
-
 else:
     Constant = ast.Constant
 
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
     def visit(self, content: ast.AST) -> None:
         for node in ast.walk(content):
             for child in ast.iter_child_nodes(node):
-                child.parent = node  # type: ignore
+                child.parent = node  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
         super().visit(content)
 
     def visit_keyword(self, node: ast.keyword) -> None:
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
         if node.arg == "python_requires":
             # Must not be nested in an if or other structure
             # This will be Module -> Expr -> Call -> keyword
-            if not hasattr(node.parent.parent.parent, "parent") and isinstance(  # type: ignore
+            if not hasattr(node.parent.parent.parent, "parent") and isinstance(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                 node.value, Constant
             ):
                 self.requires_python = get_constant(node.value)
@@ -56,7 +55,8 @@ def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> Optional[str]:
 
     # Read in from pyproject.toml:project.requires-python
     try:
-        info = toml.load(package_dir / "pyproject.toml")
+        with (package_dir / "pyproject.toml").open("rb") as f1:
+            info = tomli.load(f1)
         return str(info["project"]["requires-python"])
     except (FileNotFoundError, KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
         pass
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> Optional[str]:
         pass
 
     try:
-        with open(package_dir / "setup.py") as f:
+        with (package_dir / "setup.py").open() as f2:
-            return setup_py_python_requires(f.read())
+            return setup_py_python_requires(f2.read())
     except FileNotFoundError:
         pass
 

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
@@ -27,7 +28,9 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
@@ -62,13 +65,14 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_universal2", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.7/python-3.9.7-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.9/python-3.9.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.7/python-3.9.7-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.9/python-3.9.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_universal2", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.7/python-3.9.7-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_universal2", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.9/python-3.9.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.0/python-3.10.0rc2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.1/python-3.10.1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.0/python-3.10.0rc2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.1/python-3.10.1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.0/python-3.10.0rc2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.1/python-3.10.1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.5-osx64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.7-osx64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.7-osx64.tar.bz2" },
 ]
 
 [windows]
@@ -79,9 +83,12 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7.9", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp38-win32", version = "3.8.10", arch = "32" },
   { identifier = "cp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8.10", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.7", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.9", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.7", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.9", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.0-rc2", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.1", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.0-rc2", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.1", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.5-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.9", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.1", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.7-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.7-win64.zip" },
 ]

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python36.txt

@@ -4,43 +4,41 @@
 #
 #    bin/update_dependencies.py
 #
-backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.0
+backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.1
     # via virtualenv
-delocate==0.9.1
+delocate==0.10.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.2
+distlib==0.3.4
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.0.12
+filelock==3.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==4.8.1
+importlib-metadata==4.8.2
     # via
     #   backports.entry-points-selectable
     #   virtualenv
-importlib-resources==5.2.2
+importlib-resources==5.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.3.0
+platformdirs==2.4.0
     # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
-    # via
+    # via virtualenv
-    #   delocate
+typing-extensions==4.0.1
-    #   virtualenv
-typing-extensions==3.10.0.2
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   importlib-metadata
-virtualenv==20.8.0
+virtualenv==20.10.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.0
     # via
     #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
     #   delocate
-zipp==3.5.0
+zipp==3.6.0
     # via
     #   importlib-metadata
     #   importlib-resources
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==21.2.4
+pip==21.3.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==58.0.4
+setuptools==59.6.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python37.txt

@@ -4,39 +4,37 @@
 #
 #    bin/update_dependencies.py
 #
-backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.0
+backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.1
     # via virtualenv
-delocate==0.9.1
+delocate==0.10.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.2
+distlib==0.3.4
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.0.12
+filelock==3.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==4.8.1
+importlib-metadata==4.8.2
     # via
     #   backports.entry-points-selectable
     #   virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.3.0
+platformdirs==2.4.0
     # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
-    # via
+    # via virtualenv
-    #   delocate
+typing-extensions==4.0.1
-    #   virtualenv
-typing-extensions==3.10.0.2
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   importlib-metadata
-virtualenv==20.8.0
+virtualenv==20.10.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.0
     # via
     #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
     #   delocate
-zipp==3.5.0
+zipp==3.6.0
     # via importlib-metadata
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==21.2.4
+pip==21.3.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==58.0.4
+setuptools==59.6.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python38.txt

@@ -4,23 +4,21 @@
 #
 #    bin/update_dependencies.py
 #
-backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.0
+backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.1
     # via virtualenv
-delocate==0.9.1
+delocate==0.10.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.2
+distlib==0.3.4
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.0.12
+filelock==3.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.3.0
+platformdirs==2.4.0
     # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
-    # via
+    # via virtualenv
-    #   delocate
+typing-extensions==4.0.1
-    #   virtualenv
-typing-extensions==3.10.0.2
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.8.0
+virtualenv==20.10.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.0
     # via
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ wheel==0.37.0
     #   delocate
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==21.2.4
+pip==21.3.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==58.0.4
+setuptools==59.6.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -4,23 +4,21 @@
 #
 #    bin/update_dependencies.py
 #
-backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.0
+backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.1
     # via virtualenv
-delocate==0.9.1
+delocate==0.10.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.2
+distlib==0.3.4
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.0.12
+filelock==3.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.3.0
+platformdirs==2.4.0
     # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
-    # via
+    # via virtualenv
-    #   delocate
+typing-extensions==4.0.1
-    #   virtualenv
-typing-extensions==3.10.0.2
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.8.0
+virtualenv==20.10.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.0
     # via
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ wheel==0.37.0
     #   delocate
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==21.2.4
+pip==21.3.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==58.0.4
+setuptools==59.6.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -4,23 +4,21 @@
 #
 #    bin/update_dependencies.py
 #
-backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.0
+backports.entry-points-selectable==1.1.1
     # via virtualenv
-delocate==0.9.1
+delocate==0.10.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.2
+distlib==0.3.4
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.0.12
+filelock==3.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.3.0
+platformdirs==2.4.0
     # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
-    # via
+    # via virtualenv
-    #   delocate
+typing-extensions==4.0.1
-    #   virtualenv
-typing-extensions==3.10.0.2
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.8.0
+virtualenv==20.10.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.0
     # via
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ wheel==0.37.0
     #   delocate
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==21.2.4
+pip==21.3.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==58.0.4
+setuptools==59.6.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ archs = ["auto"]
 build-frontend = "pip"
 dependency-versions = "pinned"
 environment = {}
+environment-pass = []
 build-verbosity = ""
 
 before-all = ""
@@ -18,13 +19,13 @@ before-test = ""
 test-requires = []
 test-extras = []
 
-manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2010"
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2010"
+manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-aarch64-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-ppc64le-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-s390x-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image = "manylinux2010"
+manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-pypy_i686-image = "manylinux2010"
+manylinux-pypy_i686-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image = "manylinux2014"
 
 musllinux-x86_64-image = "musllinux_1_1"

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,43 +1,43 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2021-09-19-4c6448f
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2021-12-11-951973d
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
 
 [i686]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2021-09-19-4c6448f
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2021-12-11-951973d
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
 
 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2021-12-12-e5100b5
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2021-12-12-e5100b5
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2021-12-12-e5100b5
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2021-09-19-a5ef179
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2021-12-12-e5100b5
 

cibuildwheel/typing.py

@@ -4,21 +4,25 @@ import sys
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NoReturn, Set, Union
 
 if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
-    from typing_extensions import Final, Literal, TypedDict
+    from typing_extensions import Final, Literal, OrderedDict, Protocol, TypedDict
 else:
-    from typing import Final, Literal, TypedDict
+    from typing import Final, Literal, OrderedDict, Protocol, TypedDict
 
 
 __all__ = (
     "Final",
     "Literal",
-    "TypedDict",
+    "PLATFORMS",
-    "Set",
-    "Union",
-    "PopenBytes",
     "PathOrStr",
     "PlatformName",
+    "Protocol",
     "PLATFORMS",
+    "PopenBytes",
+    "Protocol",
+    "Set",
+    "TypedDict",
+    "OrderedDict",
+    "Union",
     "assert_never",
 )
 

cibuildwheel/util.py

@@ -12,16 +12,14 @@ import urllib.request
 from enum import Enum
 from pathlib import Path
 from time import sleep
-from typing import Dict, Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, TextIO
 
 import bracex
 import certifi
-import toml
+import tomli
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 from packaging.version import Version
 
-from .architecture import Architecture
-from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
 from .typing import Literal, PathOrStr, PlatformName
 
 resources_dir = Path(__file__).parent / "resources"
@@ -30,15 +28,76 @@ install_certifi_script = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
 
 BuildFrontend = Literal["pip", "build"]
 
+MANYLINUX_ARCHS = (
+    "x86_64",
+    "i686",
+    "pypy_x86_64",
+    "aarch64",
+    "ppc64le",
+    "s390x",
+    "pypy_aarch64",
+    "pypy_i686",
+)
+
+MUSLLINUX_ARCHS = (
+    "x86_64",
+    "i686",
+    "aarch64",
+    "ppc64le",
+    "s390x",
+)
+
+
+def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
+    """
+    Works similarly to `template.format(**kwargs)`, except that unmatched
+    fields in `template` are passed through untouched.
+
+    >>> format_safe('{a} {b}', a='123')
+    '123 {b}'
+    >>> format_safe('{a} {b[4]:3f}', a='123')
+    '123 {b[4]:3f}'
+
+    To avoid variable expansion, precede with a single backslash e.g.
+    >>> format_safe('\\{a} {b}', a='123')
+    '{a} {b}'
+    """
+
+    result = template
+
+    for key, value in kwargs.items():
+        find_pattern = re.compile(
+            fr"""
+                (?<!\#)  # don't match if preceded by a hash
+                {{  # literal open curly bracket
+                {re.escape(key)}  # the field name
+                }}  # literal close curly bracket
+            """,
+            re.VERBOSE,
+        )
+
+        # we use a lambda for repl to prevent re.sub interpreting backslashes
+        # in repl as escape sequences
+        result = re.sub(
+            pattern=find_pattern,
+            repl=lambda _: str(value),
+            string=result,
+        )
+
+        # transform escaped sequences into their literal equivalents
+        result = result.replace(f"#{{{key}}}", f"{{{key}}}")
+
+    return result
+
 
 def prepare_command(command: str, **kwargs: PathOrStr) -> str:
     """
     Preprocesses a command by expanding variables like {python}.
 
     For example, used in the test_command option to specify the path to the
-    project's root.
+    project's root. Unmatched syntax will mostly be allowed through.
     """
-    return command.format(python="python", pip="pip", **kwargs)
+    return format_safe(command, python="python", pip="pip", **kwargs)
 
 
 def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> List[str]:
@@ -52,11 +111,26 @@ def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> List[str]:
 
 def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
     input_file = resources_dir / "build-platforms.toml"
-    loaded_file = toml.load(input_file)
+    with input_file.open("rb") as f:
+        loaded_file = tomli.load(f)
     results: List[Dict[str, str]] = list(loaded_file[config]["python_configurations"])
     return results
 
 
+def selector_matches(patterns: str, string: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns True if `string` is matched by any of the wildcard patterns in
+    `patterns`.
+
+    Matching is according to fnmatch, but with shell-like curly brace
+    expansion. For example, 'cp{36,37}-*' would match either of 'cp36-*' or
+    'cp37-*'.
+    """
+    patterns_list = patterns.split()
+    expanded_patterns = itertools.chain.from_iterable(bracex.expand(p) for p in patterns_list)
+    return any(fnmatch.fnmatch(string, pat) for pat in expanded_patterns)
+
+
 class IdentifierSelector:
     """
     This class holds a set of build/skip patterns. You call an instance with a
@@ -77,8 +151,8 @@ class IdentifierSelector:
         requires_python: Optional[SpecifierSet] = None,
         prerelease_pythons: bool = False,
     ):
-        self.build_patterns = build_config.split()
+        self.build_config = build_config
-        self.skip_patterns = skip_config.split()
+        self.skip_config = skip_config
         self.requires_python = requires_python
         self.prerelease_pythons = prerelease_pythons
 
@@ -92,30 +166,22 @@ class IdentifierSelector:
             if not self.requires_python.contains(version):
                 return False
 
-        build_patterns = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+        # filter out the prerelease pythons if self.prerelease_pythons is False
-            bracex.expand(p) for p in self.build_patterns
+        if not self.prerelease_pythons and selector_matches(
-        )
+            BuildSelector.PRERELEASE_SKIP, build_id
+        ):
+            return False
 
-        unexpanded_skip_patterns = self.skip_patterns.copy()
+        should_build = selector_matches(self.build_config, build_id)
+        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
 
-        if not self.prerelease_pythons:
+        return should_build and not should_skip
-            # filter out the prerelease pythons, alongside the user-defined
-            # skip patterns
-            unexpanded_skip_patterns += BuildSelector.PRERELEASE_SKIP.split()
-
-        skip_patterns = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
-            bracex.expand(p) for p in unexpanded_skip_patterns
-        )
-
-        build: bool = any(fnmatch.fnmatch(build_id, pat) for pat in build_patterns)
-        skip: bool = any(fnmatch.fnmatch(build_id, pat) for pat in skip_patterns)
-        return build and not skip
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        result = f'{self.__class__.__name__}(build_config={" ".join(self.build_patterns)!r}'
+        result = f"{self.__class__.__name__}(build_config={self.build_config!r}"
 
-        if self.skip_patterns:
+        if self.skip_config:
-            result += f', skip_config={" ".join(self.skip_patterns)!r}'
+            result += f", skip_config={self.skip_config!r}"
         if self.prerelease_pythons:
             result += ", prerelease_pythons=True"
 
@@ -137,18 +203,18 @@ class TestSelector(IdentifierSelector):
 
 # Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/107717
 class Unbuffered:
-    def __init__(self, stream):  # type: ignore
+    def __init__(self, stream: TextIO) -> None:
         self.stream = stream
 
-    def write(self, data):  # type: ignore
+    def write(self, data: str) -> None:
         self.stream.write(data)
         self.stream.flush()
 
-    def writelines(self, data):  # type: ignore
+    def writelines(self, data: Iterable[str]) -> None:
         self.stream.writelines(data)
         self.stream.flush()
 
-    def __getattr__(self, attr):  # type: ignore
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
         return getattr(self.stream, attr)
 
 
@@ -202,28 +268,13 @@ class DependencyConstraints:
             return self.base_file_path
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}{self.base_file_path!r})"
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.base_file_path!r})"
 
+    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(o, DependencyConstraints):
+            return False
 
-class BuildOptions(NamedTuple):
+        return self.base_file_path == o.base_file_path
-    package_dir: Path
-    output_dir: Path
-    build_selector: BuildSelector
-    architectures: Set[Architecture]
-    environment: ParsedEnvironment
-    before_all: str
-    before_build: Optional[str]
-    repair_command: str
-    manylinux_images: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
-    musllinux_images: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
-    dependency_constraints: Optional[DependencyConstraints]
-    test_command: Optional[str]
-    test_selector: TestSelector
-    before_test: Optional[str]
-    test_requires: List[str]
-    test_extras: str
-    build_verbosity: int
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontend
 
 
 class NonPlatformWheelError(Exception):

cibuildwheel/windows.py

@@ -7,13 +7,15 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence, Set
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
+from packaging.version import Version
+
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
 from .logger import log
+from .options import Options
 from .typing import PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
     BuildFrontend,
-    BuildOptions,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
     download,
@@ -43,9 +45,8 @@ def shell(
 
 
 def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str) -> List[str]:
-    python_name = "python"
+    platform_suffix = {"32": "x86", "64": "", "ARM64": "arm64"}
-    if arch == "32":
+    python_name = "python" + platform_suffix[arch]
-        python_name += "x86"
     return [
         python_name,
         "-Version",
@@ -73,10 +74,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
 
     python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
 
-    map_arch = {
+    map_arch = {"32": Architecture.x86, "64": Architecture.AMD64, "ARM64": Architecture.ARM64}
-        "32": Architecture.x86,
-        "64": Architecture.AMD64,
-    }
 
     # skip builds as required
     python_configurations = [
@@ -97,6 +95,10 @@ def install_cpython(version: str, arch: str, nuget: Path) -> Path:
     nuget_args = get_nuget_args(version, arch)
     installation_path = Path(nuget_args[-1]) / (nuget_args[0] + "." + version) / "tools"
     call([nuget, "install", *nuget_args])
+    # "python3" is not included in the vanilla nuget package,
+    # though it can be present if modified (like on Azure).
+    if not (installation_path / "python3.exe").exists():
+        (installation_path / "python3.exe").symlink_to(installation_path / "python.exe")
     return installation_path
 
 
@@ -112,7 +114,6 @@ def install_pypy(version: str, arch: str, url: str) -> Path:
         download(url, pypy_zip)
         # Extract to the parent directory because the zip file still contains a directory
         extract_zip(pypy_zip, installation_path.parent)
-        (installation_path / "python.exe").symlink_to(installation_path / "pypy3.exe")
     return installation_path
 
 
@@ -156,10 +157,58 @@ def setup_python(
     )
     env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
 
+    log.step("Installing build tools...")
+
+    # Install pip
+
+    requires_reinstall = not (installation_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists()
+
+    if requires_reinstall:
+        # maybe pip isn't installed at all. ensurepip resolves that.
+        call(["python", "-m", "ensurepip"], env=env, cwd=CIBW_INSTALL_PATH)
+
+    # pip older than 21.3 builds executables such as pip.exe for x64 platform.
+    # The first re-install of pip updates pip module but builds pip.exe using
+    # the old pip which still generates x64 executable. But the second
+    # re-install uses updated pip and correctly builds pip.exe for the target.
+    # This can be removed once ARM64 Pythons (currently 3.9 and 3.10) bundle
+    # pip versions newer than 21.3.
+    if python_configuration.arch == "ARM64" and Version(get_pip_version(env)) < Version("21.3"):
+        call(
+            [
+                "python",
+                "-m",
+                "pip",
+                "install",
+                "--force-reinstall",
+                "--upgrade",
+                "pip",
+                *dependency_constraint_flags,
+            ],
+            env=env,
+            cwd=CIBW_INSTALL_PATH,
+        )
+
+    # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
+    # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip.exe'
+    call(
+        [
+            "python",
+            "-m",
+            "pip",
+            "install",
+            "--force-reinstall" if requires_reinstall else "--upgrade",
+            "pip",
+            *dependency_constraint_flags,
+        ],
+        env=env,
+        cwd=CIBW_INSTALL_PATH,
+    )
+
     # update env with results from CIBW_ENVIRONMENT
     env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
 
-    # for the logs - check we're running the right version of python
+    # check what Python version we're on
     call(["where", "python"], env=env)
     call(["python", "--version"], env=env)
     call(["python", "-c", "\"import struct; print(struct.calcsize('P') * 8)\""], env=env)
@@ -181,31 +230,7 @@ def setup_python(
         )
         sys.exit(1)
 
-    log.step("Installing build tools...")
+    # check what pip version we're on
-
-    # Install pip
-
-    requires_reinstall = not (installation_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists()
-    if requires_reinstall:
-        # maybe pip isn't installed at all. ensurepip resolves that.
-        call(["python", "-m", "ensurepip"], env=env, cwd=CIBW_INSTALL_PATH)
-
-    # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
-    # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip.exe'
-    call(
-        [
-            "python",
-            "-m",
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--force-reinstall" if requires_reinstall else "--upgrade",
-            "pip",
-            *dependency_constraint_flags,
-        ],
-        env=env,
-        cwd=CIBW_INSTALL_PATH,
-    )
-
     assert (installation_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists()
     where_pip = (
         subprocess.run(
@@ -246,47 +271,51 @@ def setup_python(
     return env
 
 
-def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
+def build(options: Options) -> None:
     temp_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="cibuildwheel"))
     built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
     repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
 
+    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
+        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
+    )
+
     try:
-        if options.before_all:
+        before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
+        before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
+
+        if before_all_options.before_all:
             log.step("Running before_all...")
-            env = options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=os.environ)
+            env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=os.environ)
             before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
-                options.before_all, project=".", package=options.package_dir
+                before_all_options.before_all, project=".", package=options.globals.package_dir
             )
             shell(before_all_prepared, env=env)
 
-        python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
-            options.build_selector, options.architectures
-        )
-
         for config in python_configurations:
+            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
             dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr] = []
-            if options.dependency_constraints:
+            if build_options.dependency_constraints:
                 dependency_constraint_flags = [
                     "-c",
-                    options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version),
+                    build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version),
                 ]
 
             # install Python
             env = setup_python(
                 config,
                 dependency_constraint_flags,
-                options.environment,
+                build_options.environment,
-                options.build_frontend,
+                build_options.build_frontend,
             )
 
             # run the before_build command
-            if options.before_build:
+            if build_options.before_build:
                 log.step("Running before_build...")
                 before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    options.before_build, project=".", package=options.package_dir
+                    build_options.before_build, project=".", package=options.globals.package_dir
                 )
                 shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
 
@@ -295,9 +324,9 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                 shutil.rmtree(built_wheel_dir)
             built_wheel_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
 
-            verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(options.build_verbosity)
+            verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
 
-            if options.build_frontend == "pip":
+            if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
                 # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                 # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
                 call(
@@ -306,18 +335,18 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                         "-m",
                         "pip",
                         "wheel",
-                        options.package_dir.resolve(),
+                        options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
                         f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
                         "--no-deps",
-                        *get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(options.build_verbosity),
+                        *get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity),
                     ],
                     env=env,
                 )
-            elif options.build_frontend == "build":
+            elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
                 config_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
                 build_env = env.copy()
-                if options.dependency_constraints:
+                if build_options.dependency_constraints:
-                    constraints_path = options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                    constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
                         config.version
                     )
                     # Bug in pip <= 21.1.3 - we can't have a space in the
@@ -339,7 +368,7 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                             "python",
                             "-m",
                             "build",
-                            options.package_dir,
+                            build_options.package_dir,
                             "--wheel",
                             f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
                             f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
@@ -347,7 +376,7 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                         env=build_env,
                     )
             else:
-                assert_never(options.build_frontend)
+                assert_never(build_options.build_frontend)
 
             built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
@@ -359,10 +388,10 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
             if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                 raise NonPlatformWheelError()
 
-            if options.repair_command:
+            if build_options.repair_command:
                 log.step("Repairing wheel...")
                 repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
+                    build_options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
                 )
                 shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
             else:
@@ -370,7 +399,7 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
 
             repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
-            if options.test_command and options.test_selector(config.identifier):
+            if build_options.test_command and options.globals.test_selector(config.identifier):
                 log.step("Testing wheel...")
                 # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
                 # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
@@ -392,39 +421,41 @@ def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
                 # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
                 call(["where", "python"], env=virtualenv_env)
 
-                if options.before_test:
+                if build_options.before_test:
                     before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        options.before_test,
+                        build_options.before_test,
                         project=".",
-                        package=options.package_dir,
+                        package=build_options.package_dir,
                     )
                     shell(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)
 
                 # install the wheel
                 call(
-                    ["pip", "install", str(repaired_wheel) + options.test_extras],
+                    ["pip", "install", str(repaired_wheel) + build_options.test_extras],
                     env=virtualenv_env,
                 )
 
                 # test the wheel
-                if options.test_requires:
+                if build_options.test_requires:
-                    call(["pip", "install"] + options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)
+                    call(["pip", "install"] + build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)
 
                 # run the tests from c:\, with an absolute path in the command
                 # (this ensures that Python runs the tests against the installed wheel
                 # and not the repo code)
                 test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    options.test_command,
+                    build_options.test_command,
                     project=Path(".").resolve(),
-                    package=options.package_dir.resolve(),
+                    package=options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
                 )
                 shell(test_command_prepared, cwd="c:\\", env=virtualenv_env)
 
                 # clean up
-                shutil.rmtree(venv_dir)
+                # (we ignore errors because occasionally Windows fails to unlink a file and we
+                # don't want to abort a build because of that)
+                shutil.rmtree(venv_dir, ignore_errors=True)
 
             # we're all done here; move it to output (remove if already exists)
-            shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), options.output_dir)
+            shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
             log.build_end()
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
         log.step_end_with_error(

docs/changelog.md

@@ -2,18 +2,65 @@
 title: Changelog
 ---
 
-### v2.2.0 (prerelease)
+### v2.3.1
 
-_Currently in prerelease. The below release notes will be condensed into a single entry on final release._
+_14 December 2021_
 
-_v2.2.0a1 (23 September 2021)_
+- 🐛 Setting pip options like `PIP_USE_DEPRECATED` in `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` no longer adversely affects cibuildwheel's ability to set up a Python environment (#956)
+- 📚 Docs fixes and improvements
 
-- 🌟 Added support for [musllinux](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Support for this new wheel format lets projects build wheels for Linux distributions that use [musl libc](https://musl.libc.org/), notably, [Alpine](https://alpinelinux.org/) Docker containers.
+### v2.3.0
+
+_26 November 2021_
+
+- 📈 cibuildwheel now defaults to manylinux2014 image for linux builds, rather than manylinux2010. If you want to stick with manylinux2010, it's simple to set this using [the image options](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image). (#926)
+- ✨ You can now pass environment variables from the host machine into the Docker container during a Linux build. Check out [the docs for `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX `](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/options/#environment-pass) for the details. (#914)
+- ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.8 wheels. (#881)
+- ✨ Added support for building Windows arm64 CPython wheels on a Windows arm64 runner. We can't test this in CI yet, so for now, this is experimental. (#920)
+- 📚 Improved the deployment documentation (#911)
+- 🛠 Changed the escaping behaviour inside cibuildwheel's  option placeholders e.g. `{project}` in `before_build` or `{dest_dir}` in `repair_wheel_command`. This allows bash syntax like `${SOME_VAR}` to passthrough without being interpreted as a placeholder by cibuildwheel. See [this section](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#placeholders) in the docs for more info. (#889)
+- 🛠 Pip updated to 21.3, meaning it now defaults to in-tree builds again. If this causes an issue with your project, setting environment variable `PIP_USE_DEPRECATED=out-of-tree-build` is available as a temporary flag to restore the old behaviour. However, be aware that this flag will probably be removed soon. (#881)
+- 🐛 You can now access the current Python interpreter using `python3` within a build on Windows (#917)
+
+### v2.2.2
+
+_26 October 2021_
+
+- 🐛 Fix bug in the GitHub Action step causing a syntax error (#895)
+
+### v2.2.1
+
+_26 October 2021_
+
+- 🛠 Added a `config-file` option on the GitHub Action to specify something other than pyproject.toml in your GitHub Workflow file. (#883)
+- 🐛 Fix missing resources in sdist and released wheel on PyPI. We've also made some internal changes to our release processes to make them more reliable. (#893, #894)
+
+### v2.2.0
+
+_22 October 2021_
+
+- 🌟 Added support for [musllinux](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Support for this new wheel format lets projects build wheels for Linux distributions that use [musl libc](https://musl.libc.org/), notably, [Alpine](https://alpinelinux.org/) Docker containers. (#768)
+
+  Musllinux builds are enabled by default. If you're not ready to build musllinux, add `*-musllinux_*` to your [`CIBW_SKIP`/`skip`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip) option. Or, you might have to make some changes to your options - to simplify that process, you can use...
+
+- 🌟 TOML option overrides! This provides much greater flexibility in configuration via pyproject.toml. (#854)
+
+  You can now set build options for any subset of your builds using a match pattern. So, for example, you can customise CPython 3.8 builds with an override on `cp38-*` or musllinux builds by selecting `*musllinux*`. Check out [the docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/options/#overrides) for more info on the specifics.
+
+- 🛠 Added support for building PyPy wheels on macOS 11 CI runners. (#875)
 
-  Musllinux builds are enabled by default. To disable them on your project, add `*-musllinux_*` to your [`CIBW_SKIP`/`skip`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)
- option. (#768)
 - 🛠 Setting an empty string for the [`CIBW_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image) option will now fallthrough to the config file or cibuildwheel's default, rather than causing an error. This makes the option easier to use in CI build matricies. (#829)
 
+- 🛠 Support for TOML 1.0 when reading config files, via the `tomli` package. (#876)
+
+<sup>Note: This version is not available on PyPI due to some missing resources in the release files. Please use a later version instead.</sup>
+
+### v2.1.3
+
+_6 October 2021_
+
+- 🛠 Updated CPython 3.10 to the 3.10.0 final release
+
 ### v2.1.2
 
 _14 September 2021_
@@ -443,7 +490,7 @@ _26 May 2019_
 - 🌟 Add support for building on Azure pipelines! This lets you build all
   Linux, Mac and Windows wheels on one service, so it promises to be the
   easiest to set up! Check out the quickstart in the docs, or
-  [cibuildwheel-azure-example](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel-azure-example)
+  [cibuildwheel-azure-example](https://github.com/joerick/cibuildwheel-azure-example)
   for an example project. (#126, #132)
 - 🛠 Internal change - the end-to-end test projects format was updated, so we
   can more precisely assert what should be produced for each one. (#136, #137).

docs/contributing.md

@@ -127,13 +127,10 @@ bin/bump_version.py
 
 You'll be prompted to enter the new version number. Update the changelog when prompted. The script will create a 'bump version' commit and version tag.
 
-Finally, cut the release and upload to PyPI/GitHub.
+Finally, cut the release and push to GitHub.
 
 ```bash
-rm -rf dist
-python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
-twine upload dist/*
 git push && git push --tags
 ```
 
-Then head to https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/releases and create a GitHub release from the new tag, pasting in the changelog entry.
+Then head to https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/releases and create a GitHub release from the new tag, pasting in the changelog entry. Once the release is created inside GitHub, a CI job will create the assets and upload them to PyPI.

docs/cpp_standards.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Building Python wheels with modern C++ standards (C++11 and later) requires a fe
 
 
 ## manylinux1 and C++14
-The default `manylinux1` image (based on CentOS 5) contains a version of GCC and libstdc++ that only supports C++11 and earlier standards. There are however ways to compile wheels with the C++14 standard (and later): https://github.com/pypa/manylinux/issues/118
+The old `manylinux1` image (based on CentOS 5) contains a version of GCC and libstdc++ that only supports C++11 and earlier standards. There are however ways to compile wheels with the C++14 standard (and later): https://github.com/pypa/manylinux/issues/118
 
 `manylinux2010` and `manylinux2014` are newer and support all C++ standards (up to C++17).
 

docs/data/projects.yml

@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@
 
 - name: Tokenizer
   gh: OpenNMT/Tokenizer
-  ci: [github, travisci]
+  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
 
 - name: matrixprofile
   gh: matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile
@@ -272,8 +272,8 @@
 - name: CTranslate2
   gh: OpenNMT/CTranslate2
   ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-  notes: Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html). The Linux wheels also include CUDA libraries for GPU execution.
+  notes: Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures.
 
 - name: MyPy
   gh: mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
@@ -390,3 +390,123 @@
   ci: [github]
   os: [apple, linux]
   notes: Python CFFI binding to libheif library with third party dependencies like `libde265`, `x265`, `libaom` with test & publishing on PyPi.
+
+- name: clang-format
+  gh: ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+  notes: Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels.
+
+- name: Tornado
+  gh: tornadoweb/tornado
+  ci: [travisci]
+  os: [apple, linux]
+
+- name: pytorch-fairseq
+  gh: pytorch/fairseq
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux]
+
+- name: uvloop
+  gh: MagicStack/uvloop
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux]
+
+- name: asyncpg
+  gh: MagicStack/asyncpg
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: pydantic
+  gh: samuelcolvin/pydantic
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: vaex
+  gh: vaexio/vaex
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: cvxpy
+  gh: cvxpy/cvxpy
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: duckdb
+  gh: duckdb/duckdb
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: Triton
+  gh: openai/triton
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [linux]
+  notes: Self hosted runners
+
+- name: vispy
+  gh: vispy/vispy
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: Confluent client for Kafka
+  gh: confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
+  ci: [travisci]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+  notes: setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat`
+
+- name: tinyobjloader
+  gh: tinyobjloader/tinyobjloader
+  ci: [azurepipelines]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: PyOxidizer
+  gh: indygreg/PyOxidizer
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: OpenSpiel
+  gh: deepmind/open_spiel
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux]
+
+- name: Google Benchmark
+  gh: google/benchmark
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: Apache Beam
+  gh: apache/beam
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: PyCryptodome
+  gh: Legrandin/pycryptodome
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: PyYAML
+  gh: yaml/pyyaml
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple]
+
+- name: Line Profiler
+  gh: pyutils/line_profiler
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: OpenTimelineIO
+  gh: PixarAnimationStudios/OpenTimelineIO
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: OpenColorIO
+  gh: AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [apple, linux, windows]
+
+- name: Psycopg 3
+  gh: psycopg/psycopg
+  pypi: psycopg_binary
+  notes: A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]

docs/deliver-to-pypi.md

@@ -4,15 +4,16 @@ title: Delivering to PyPI
 
 After you've built your wheels, you'll probably want to deliver them to PyPI.
 
-### Manual method
+## Manual method
 
-On your development machine, do the following...
+On your development machine, install [pipx](https://pypa.github.io/pipx/) and do the following:
 
 ```bash
+# Either download the SDist from your CI, or make it:
 # Clear out your 'dist' folder.
 rm -rf dist
 # Make a source distribution
-python setup.py sdist
+pipx run build --sdist
 
 # 🏃🏻
 # Go and download your wheel files from wherever you put them. e.g. your CI
@@ -20,17 +21,77 @@ python setup.py sdist
 # 'dist' folder.
 
 # Upload using 'twine' (you may need to 'pip install twine')
-twine upload dist/*
+pipx run twine upload dist/*
 ```
 
-### Semi-automatic method using wheelhouse-uploader
+## Automatic method
 
-Obviously, manual steps are for chumps, so we can automate this a little by using [wheelhouse-uploader](https://github.com/ogrisel/wheelhouse-uploader).
+If you don't need much control over the release of a package, you can set up
+cibuildwheel to deliver the wheels straight to PyPI. You just need to bump the
+version and tag it.
 
-> Quick note from me - using S3 as a storage didn't work due to a [bug](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LIBCLOUD-792) in libcloud. Feel free to use my fork of that package that fixes the bug `pip install https://github.com/joerick/libcloud/archive/v1.5.0-s3fix.zip`
+### Generic instructions
 
-### Automatic method
+Make your SDist with the [build](https://github.com/pypa/build) tool, and your wheels with cibuildwheel. If you can make the files available as
+downloadable artifacts, this make testing before releases easier (depending on your CI provider's options). The "publish" job/step should collect the
+files, and then run `twine upload <paths>` (possibly via [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx)); this should only happen on tags or "releases".
 
-If you don't need much control over the release of a package, you can set up cibuildwheel to deliver the wheels straight to PyPI. This doesn't require anycloud storage to work - you just need to bump the version and tag it.
+### GitHub Actions
 
-[`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml) and [`examples/github-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/github-deploy.yml) are example configurations that automatically upload wheels to PyPI. Also check out [this example repo](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel-autopypi-example) for more detailed instructions on how to set this up.
+GitHub actions has pipx in all the runners as a supported package manager, as
+well as several useful actions. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuildwheel to make wheels, you will probably want to build an SDist:
+
+```yaml
+  make_sdist:
+    name: Make SDist
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0  # Optional, use if you use setuptools_scm
+        submodules: true  # Optional, use if you have submodules
+
+    - name: Build SDist
+      run: pipx run build --sdist
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      with:
+        path: dist/*.tar.gz
+```
+
+Then, you need to publish the artifacts that the previous jobs have built. This final job should run only on release or tag, depending on your preference. It gathers the artifacts from the sdist and wheel jobs and uploads them to PyPI.
+
+This requires a [PyPI upload token](https://pypi.org/manage/account/token/), stored in your [GitHub repo's secrets](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-guides/encrypted-secrets#creating-encrypted-secrets-for-a-repository) as `pypi_password`.
+
+```yaml
+  upload_all:
+    needs: [build_wheels, make_sdist]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
+      with:
+        name: artifact
+        path: dist
+
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.4.2
+      with:
+        user: __token__
+        password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}
+```
+
+You should use dependabot to keep the publish action up to date. In the above
+example, the same name (the default, "artifact" is used for all upload-artifact
+runs, so we can just download all of the in one step into a common directory.
+
+See
+[`examples/github-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/github-deploy.yml)
+for an example configuration that automatically upload wheels to PyPI. Also see
+[scikit-hep.org/developer/gha_wheels](https://scikit-hep.org/developer/gha_wheels)
+for a complete guide.
+
+### TravisCI
+
+See
+[`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml)
+for an example configuration.

docs/faq.md

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
 
 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.2.0a1
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.3.1
 ```
 
 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `
 
 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+cibuildwheel==2.3.1
 ```
 
 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:

docs/options.md

@@ -107,6 +107,57 @@ The complete set of defaults for the current version of cibuildwheel are shown b
     not want to change a `pyproject.toml` file. You can specify a different file to
     use with `--config-file` on the command line, as well.
 
+### Configuration overrides {: #overrides }
+
+One feature specific to the configuration files is the ability to override
+settings based on selectors. To use, add a ``tool.cibuildwheel.overrides``
+array, and specify a ``select`` string. Then any options you set will only
+apply to items that match that selector. These are applied in order, with later
+matches overriding earlier ones if multiple selectors match. Environment
+variables always override static configuration.
+
+A few of the options below have special handling in overrides. A different
+`before-all` will trigger a new docker launch on Linux, and cannot be
+overridden on macOS or Windows.  Overriding the image on linux will also
+generate new docker launches, one per image.  Some commands are not supported;
+`output-dir`, build/skip/test_skip selectors, and architectures cannot be
+overridden.
+
+##### Examples:
+
+```toml
+[tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
+before-all = "yum install mylib"
+test-command = "echo 'installed'"
+
+[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+select = "*-musllinux*"
+before-all = "apk add mylib"
+```
+
+This example will override the before-all command on musllinux only, but will
+still run the test-command. Note the double brackets, this is an array in TOML,
+which means it can be given multiple times.
+
+```toml
+[tool.cibuildwheel]
+# Normal options, etc.
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
+
+[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+select = "cp36-*"
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux1"
+
+[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+select = "cp3{7,8,9}-*"
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2010"
+```
+
+This example will build CPython 3.6 wheels on manylinux1, CPython 3.7-3.9
+wheels on manylinux2010, and manylinux2014 wheels for any newer Python
+(like 3.10).
+
+
 ## Options summary
 
 <div class="options-toc"></div>
@@ -156,15 +207,18 @@ When setting the options, you can use shell-style globbing syntax, as per [fnmat
 | Python 3.6   | cp36-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp36-win_amd64<br/>cp36-win32    | cp36-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-manylinux_i686<br/>cp36-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-musllinux_i686     | cp36-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp36-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-musllinux_s390x       |
 | Python 3.7   | cp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp37-win_amd64<br/>cp37-win32    | cp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-manylinux_i686<br/>cp37-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-musllinux_i686     | cp37-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp37-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-musllinux_s390x       |
 | Python 3.8   | cp38-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp38-macosx_universal2<br/>cp38-macosx_arm64    | cp38-win_amd64<br/>cp38-win32    | cp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-manylinux_i686<br/>cp38-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-musllinux_i686     | cp38-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp38-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-musllinux_s390x       |
-| Python 3.9   | cp39-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp39-macosx_universal2<br/>cp39-macosx_arm64    | cp39-win_amd64<br/>cp39-win32    | cp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp39-manylinux_i686<br/>cp39-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp39-musllinux_i686     | cp39-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp39-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp39-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp39-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp39-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp39-musllinux_s390x       |
+| Python 3.9   | cp39-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp39-macosx_universal2<br/>cp39-macosx_arm64    | cp39-win_amd64<br/>cp39-win32<br/>cp39-win_arm64    | cp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp39-manylinux_i686<br/>cp39-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp39-musllinux_i686     | cp39-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp39-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp39-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp39-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp39-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp39-musllinux_s390x       |
-| Python 3.10  | cp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp310-macosx_universal2<br/>cp310-macosx_arm64 | cp310-win_amd64<br/>cp310-win32  | cp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-manylinux_i686<br/>cp310-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-musllinux_i686 | cp310-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp310-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-musllinux_s390x |
+| Python 3.10  | cp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp310-macosx_universal2<br/>cp310-macosx_arm64 | cp310-win_amd64<br/>cp310-win32<br/>cp310-win_arm64   | cp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-manylinux_i686<br/>cp310-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-musllinux_i686 | cp310-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp310-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-musllinux_s390x |
-| PyPy3.7 v7.3 | pp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp37-win_amd64                   | pp37-manylinux_x86_64                                                                               |                                                                                                                                                                 |
+| PyPy3.7 v7.3 | pp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp37-win_amd64                   | pp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp37-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp37-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
+| PyPy3.8 v7.3 | pp38-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp38-win_amd64                   | pp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp38-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp38-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
 
 The list of supported and currently selected build identifiers can also be retrieved by passing the `--print-build-identifiers` flag to cibuildwheel.
 The format is `python_tag-platform_tag`, with tags similar to those in [PEP 425](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0425/#details).
 
 For CPython, the minimally supported macOS version is 10.9; for PyPy 3.7, macOS 10.13 or higher is required.
 
+Windows arm64 platform support is experimental.
+
 See the [cibuildwheel 1 documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/1.x/) for past end of life versions of Python, and PyPy2.7.
 
 #### Examples
@@ -305,7 +359,8 @@ If not listed above, `auto` is the same as `native`.
 Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
  `CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS` | `CIBW_ARCHS_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX`
 
-This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line) `--archs`.
+This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line)
+`--archs`. This option cannot be set in an `overrides` section in `pyproject.toml`.
 
 #### Examples
 
@@ -553,6 +608,41 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 !!! note
     cibuildwheel always defines the environment variable `CIBUILDWHEEL=1`. This can be useful for [building wheels with optional extensions](faq.md#building-packages-with-optional-c-extensions).
 
+### `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX` {: #environment-pass}
+> Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build.
+
+A list of environment variables to pass into the linux container during the build. It has no affect on the other platforms, which can already access all environment variables directly.
+
+To specify more than one environment variable, separate the variable names by spaces.
+
+#### Examples
+
+!!! tab examples "Environment passthrough"
+
+    ```yaml
+    # Export a variable
+    CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX: CFLAGS
+
+    # Set two flags variables
+    CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX: BUILD_TIME SAMPLE_TEXT
+    ```
+
+    Separate multiple values with a space.
+
+!!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
+
+    ```toml
+    [tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
+
+    # Export a variable
+    environment-pass = ["CFLAGS"]
+
+    # Set two flags variables
+    environment-pass = ["BUILD_TIME", "SAMPLE_TEXT"]
+    ```
+
+    In configuration mode, you can use a [TOML][] list instead of a raw string as shown above.
+
 ### `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL` {: #before-all}
 > Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built.
 
@@ -564,6 +654,10 @@ The placeholder `{package}` can be used here; it will be replaced by the path to
 
 On Windows and macOS, the version of Python available inside `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL` is whatever is available on the host machine. On Linux, a modern Python version is available on PATH.
 
+This option has special behavior in the overrides section in `pyproject.toml`.
+On linux, overriding it triggers a new docker launch. It cannot be overridden
+on macOS and Windows.
+
 Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_MACOS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX`
 
@@ -787,14 +881,14 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 
 The available options are (default value):
 
-- `CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64))
+- `CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64))
-- `CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686))
+- `CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686))
-- `CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64))
+- `CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64))
 - `CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64))
 - `CIBW_MANYLINUX_PPC64LE_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le))
-- `CIBW_MANYLINUX_S390X_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_s390x))
+- `CIBW_MANYLINUX_S390X_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x))
 - `CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64))
-- `CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_I686_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686))
+- `CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_I686_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686))
 - `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64`](https://quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64))
 - `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_I686_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686`](https://quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686))
 - `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE` ([`quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64`](https://quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64))
@@ -831,12 +925,12 @@ Auditwheel detects the version of the manylinux / musllinux standard in the Dock
     CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE: manylinux2014
     CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_I686_IMAGE: manylinux2014
 
-    # Build using the latest manylinux2010 release, instead of the cibuildwheel
+    # Build using the latest manylinux2014 release, instead of the cibuildwheel
     # pinned version
-    CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:latest
+    CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:latest
-    CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:latest
+    CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:latest
-    CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:latest
+    CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:latest
-    CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_I686_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:latest
+    CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_I686_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:latest
 
     # Build using a different image from the docker registry
     CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: dockcross/manylinux-x64
@@ -853,7 +947,7 @@ Auditwheel detects the version of the manylinux / musllinux standard in the Dock
     manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux1"
 
     # Build using the manylinux2014 image
-    manylinux-x86_64_image = "manylinux2014"
+    manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
     manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2014"
     manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
     manylinux-pypy_i686-image = "manylinux2014"
@@ -1132,7 +1226,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
     ```toml
     [tool.cibuildwheel]
     # Will cause the wheel to be installed with `pip install <wheel_file>[test,qt]`
-    test-extras: ["test", "qt"]
+    test-extras = ["test", "qt"]
     ```
 
     In configuration files, you can use an inline array, and the items will be joined with a comma.
@@ -1144,6 +1238,8 @@ This will skip testing on any identifiers that match the given skip patterns (se
 
 With macOS `universal2` wheels, you can also skip the individual archs inside the wheel using an `:arch` suffix. For example, `cp39-macosx_universal2:x86_64` or `cp39-macosx_universal2:arm64`.
 
+This option is not supported in the overrides section in `pyproject.toml`.
+
 #### Examples
 
 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
@@ -1201,6 +1297,10 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 « subprocess_run("cibuildwheel", "--help") »
 ```
 
+## Placeholders
+
+Some options support placeholders, like `{project}`, `{package}` or `{wheel}`, that are substituted by cibuildwheel before they are used. If, for some reason, you need to write the literal name of a placeholder, e.g. literally `{project}` in a command that would ordinarily substitute `{project}`, prefix it with a hash character - `#{project}`. This is only necessary in commands where the specific string between the curly brackets would be substituted - otherwise, strings not modified.
+
 <style>
   .options-toc {
     display: grid;

docs/setup.md

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
           - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
           - name: Build wheels
-            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.3.1
 
           - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
             with:
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
           - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
 
           - name: Install cibuildwheel
-            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
 
           - name: Build wheels
             run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse

docs/working-examples.md

@@ -9,130 +9,176 @@ title: Working examples
 | Name                              | CI | OS | Notes |
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. |
+| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | MyPyC, the compiled component of MyPy. |
+| [pydantic][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Data parsing and validation using Python type hints |
+| [uvloop][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast asyncio event loop. |
 | [psutil][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python |
+| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualize and explore big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
+| [Google Benchmark][]              | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A microbenchmark support library |
+| [asyncpg][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio. |
+| [Apache Beam][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Apache Beam is a unified programming model for Batch and Streaming |
 | [scikit-image][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project that uses Cython with platform-native code.  |
 | [twisted-iocpsupport][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] | A submodule of Twisted that hooks into native C APIs using Cython. |
 | [cmake][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
+| [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an in-process SQL OLAP Database Management System |
 | [websockets][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Library for building WebSocket servers and clients. Mostly written in Python, with a small C 'speedups' extension module.  |
+| [cvxpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A Python-embedded modeling language for convex optimization problems. |
+| [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |
+| [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
+| [OpenSpiel][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | OpenSpiel is a collection of environments and algorithms for research in general reinforcement learning and search/planning in games. |
 | [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython and CFFI.  |
-| [aiortc][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebRTC and ORTC implementation for Python using asyncio. |
 | [River][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🌊 Online machine learning in Python |
+| [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
+| [aiortc][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebRTC and ORTC implementation for Python using asyncio. |
+| [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
+| [tinyobjloader][]                 | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tiny but powerful single file wavefront obj loader |
 | [coverage.py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The coverage tool for Python |
-| [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, PyTables, pandas, bcolz and more |
+| [PyCryptodome][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A self-contained cryptographic library for Python |
-| [h5py][]                          | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | HDF5 for Python -- The h5py package is a Pythonic interface to the HDF5 binary data format. |
 | [Dependency Injector][]           | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Dependency injection framework for Python, uses Windows TravisCI |
+| [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, PyTables, pandas, bcolz and more |
+| [PyYAML][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] | Canonical source repository for PyYAML |
+| [h5py][]                          | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | HDF5 for Python -- The h5py package is a Pythonic interface to the HDF5 binary data format. |
 | [PyAV][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries. |
+| [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
 | [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
+| [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
+| [OpenTimelineIO][]                | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Open Source API and interchange format for editorial timeline information. |
 | [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
 | [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by qpdf |
 | [aioquic][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | QUIC and HTTP/3 implementation in Python |
 | [google neuroglancer][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebGL-based viewer for volumetric data |
 | [DeepForest][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | An Efficient, Scalable and Optimized Python Framework for Deep Forest (2021.2.1) |
-| [AutoPy][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [Parselmouth][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python interface to the Praat software package, using pybind11, C++17 and CMake, with the core Praat static library built only once and shared between wheels. |
-| [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
+| [AutoPy][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
+| [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
 | [H3-py][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for H3, a hierarchical hexagonal geospatial indexing system |
 | [markupsafe][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup. |
+| [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
 | [Rtree][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Rtree: spatial index for Python GIS ¶ |
 | [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
 | [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
 | [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
-| [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
-| [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
-| [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
-| [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
 | [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
+| [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
+| [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
+| [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
+| [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
 | [time-machine][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Time mocking library using only the CPython C API. |
 | [matrixprofile][]                 | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python 3 library making time series data mining tasks, utilizing matrix profile algorithms, accessible to everyone. |
 | [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html). The Linux wheels also include CUDA libraries for GPU execution. |
-| [iminuit][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Jupyter-friendly Python interface for C++ MINUIT2 |
 | [jq.py][]                         | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for jq |
-| [Tokenizer][]                     | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast and customizable text tokenization library with BPE and SentencePiece support |
+| [iminuit][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Jupyter-friendly Python interface for C++ MINUIT2 |
+| [Tokenizer][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast and customizable text tokenization library with BPE and SentencePiece support |
 | [PyGLM][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Fast OpenGL Mathematics (GLM) for Python |
 | [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
-| [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
-| [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast Base64 encoding/decoding in Python |
+| [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
+| [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast Base64 encoding/decoding in Python |
 | [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
 | [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
-| [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
 | [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
+| [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
 | [polaroid][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Full range of wheels for setuptools rust, with auto release and PyPI deploy. |
-| [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
+| [clang-format][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels. |
+| [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
 | [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
 | [pyinstrument_cext][]             | ![travisci icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A simple C extension, without external dependencies |
 | [xmlstarlet][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python 3.6+ CFFI bindings with true MSVC build. |
 | [CorrectionLib][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Structured JSON powered correction library for HEP, designed for the CMS experiment at CERN. |
-| [SiPM][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | High performance library for SiPM detectors simulation using C++17, OpenMP and AVX2 intrinsics. |
 | [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python CFFI binding to libheif library with third party dependencies like `libde265`, `x265`, `libaom` with test & publishing on PyPi. |
+| [SiPM][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | High performance library for SiPM detectors simulation using C++17, OpenMP and AVX2 intrinsics. |
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
+[Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
+[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
+[pydantic]: https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic
+[uvloop]: https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop
 [psutil]: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
+[vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
+[Google Benchmark]: https://github.com/google/benchmark
+[asyncpg]: https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg
+[Apache Beam]: https://github.com/apache/beam
 [scikit-image]: https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image
 [twisted-iocpsupport]: https://github.com/twisted/twisted-iocpsupport
 [cmake]: https://github.com/scikit-build/cmake-python-distributions
+[duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
 [websockets]: https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets
+[cvxpy]: https://github.com/cvxpy/cvxpy
+[Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton
+[PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
+[OpenSpiel]: https://github.com/deepmind/open_spiel
 [pyzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq
-[aiortc]: https://github.com/aiortc/aiortc
 [River]: https://github.com/online-ml/river
+[vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
+[aiortc]: https://github.com/aiortc/aiortc
+[Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
+[tinyobjloader]: https://github.com/tinyobjloader/tinyobjloader
 [coverage.py]: https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy
-[numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
+[PyCryptodome]: https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome
-[h5py]: https://github.com/h5py/h5py
 [Dependency Injector]: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
+[numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
+[PyYAML]: https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
+[h5py]: https://github.com/h5py/h5py
 [PyAV]: https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV
+[OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
 [PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
+[Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
+[OpenTimelineIO]: https://github.com/PixarAnimationStudios/OpenTimelineIO
 [ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
 [pikepdf]: https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf
 [aioquic]: https://github.com/aiortc/aioquic
 [google neuroglancer]: https://github.com/google/neuroglancer
 [DeepForest]: https://github.com/LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
-[AutoPy]: https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy
 [Parselmouth]: https://github.com/YannickJadoul/Parselmouth
-[python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
+[AutoPy]: https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy
+[Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
 [H3-py]: https://github.com/uber/h3-py
 [markupsafe]: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
+[python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
 [Rtree]: https://github.com/Toblerity/rtree
 [python-snappy]: https://github.com/andrix/python-snappy
 [pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
 [KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
-[cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
-[pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
-[dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
-[sourmash]: https://github.com/dib-lab/sourmash
 [tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
+[dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
+[pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
+[cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
+[sourmash]: https://github.com/dib-lab/sourmash
 [time-machine]: https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine
 [matrixprofile]: https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile
 [CTranslate2]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/CTranslate2
-[iminuit]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/iminuit
 [jq.py]: https://github.com/mwilliamson/jq.py
+[iminuit]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/iminuit
 [Tokenizer]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/Tokenizer
 [PyGLM]: https://github.com/Zuzu-Typ/PyGLM
 [bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
-[iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
-[pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
+[iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
+[pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
 [etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
 [fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
-[pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
 [numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
+[pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
 [polaroid]: https://github.com/daggy1234/polaroid
-[ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
 [Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
+[clang-format]: https://github.com/ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
+[ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
 [pybind11 scikit_build_example]: https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example
 [GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd
 [pyinstrument_cext]: https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument_cext
 [xmlstarlet]: https://github.com/dimitern/xmlstarlet
 [CorrectionLib]: https://github.com/cms-nanoAOD/correctionlib
-[SiPM]: https://github.com/EdoPro98/SimSiPM
 [pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
+[SiPM]: https://github.com/EdoPro98/SimSiPM
 
 [appveyor icon]: data/readme_icons/appveyor.svg
 [github icon]: data/readme_icons/github.svg
@@ -144,68 +190,91 @@ title: Working examples
 [apple icon]: data/readme_icons/apple.svg
 [linux icon]: data/readme_icons/linux.svg
 
-<!-- scikit-learn: 47240, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- scikit-learn: 48265, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Matplotlib: 14229, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Tornado: 20306, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- MyPy: 11299, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pytorch-fairseq: 14811, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- psutil: 7668, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- Matplotlib: 14705, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- scikit-image: 4523, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- MyPy: 11966, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- twisted-iocpsupport: 4373, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pydantic: 8289, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- cmake: 4161, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- uvloop: 8233, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- websockets: 3569, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- psutil: 7929, last pushed 5 days ago -->
-<!-- pyzmq: 2911, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- vaex: 6784, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- aiortc: 2575, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- Google Benchmark: 5975, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- River: 1993, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- asyncpg: 5208, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- coverage.py: 1722, last pushed 11 days ago -->
+<!-- Apache Beam: 5141, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- numexpr: 1643, last pushed 74 days ago -->
+<!-- scikit-image: 4682, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- h5py: 1585, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- twisted-iocpsupport: 4437, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- Dependency Injector: 1565, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- cmake: 4340, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- PyAV: 1344, last pushed 17 days ago -->
+<!-- duckdb: 3989, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- PyTables: 1061, last pushed 18 days ago -->
+<!-- websockets: 3712, last pushed 22 days ago -->
-<!-- ruptures: 793, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- cvxpy: 3634, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pikepdf: 747, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- Triton: 3402, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- aioquic: 740, last pushed 12 days ago -->
+<!-- PyOxidizer: 3377, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- google neuroglancer: 685, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenSpiel: 2978, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- DeepForest: 655, last pushed 58 days ago -->
+<!-- pyzmq: 2968, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- AutoPy: 572, last pushed 94 days ago -->
+<!-- River: 2967, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- Parselmouth: 555, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- vispy: 2769, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- python-rapidjson: 429, last pushed 86 days ago -->
+<!-- aiortc: 2696, last pushed 10 days ago -->
-<!-- H3-py: 428, last pushed 12 days ago -->
+<!-- Confluent client for Kafka: 2572, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- markupsafe: 424, last pushed 11 days ago -->
+<!-- tinyobjloader: 2362, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- Rtree: 420, last pushed 183 days ago -->
+<!-- coverage.py: 1851, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- python-snappy: 407, last pushed 60 days ago -->
+<!-- PyCryptodome: 1812, last pushed 9 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 cmake_example: 310, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- Dependency Injector: 1758, last pushed 14 days ago -->
-<!-- KDEpy: 299, last pushed 108 days ago -->
+<!-- numexpr: 1691, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- cyvcf2: 268, last pushed 19 days ago -->
+<!-- PyYAML: 1678, last pushed 10 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 python_example: 265, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- h5py: 1641, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- dd-trace-py: 265, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- PyAV: 1406, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- sourmash: 260, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenColorIO: 1201, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- tgcalls: 248, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- PyTables: 1080, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- time-machine: 206, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- Line Profiler: 983, last pushed 10 days ago -->
-<!-- matrixprofile: 198, last pushed 86 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenTimelineIO: 946, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- CTranslate2: 188, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- ruptures: 869, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- iminuit: 184, last pushed 11 days ago -->
+<!-- pikepdf: 827, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- jq.py: 174, last pushed 48 days ago -->
+<!-- aioquic: 790, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- Tokenizer: 156, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- google neuroglancer: 704, last pushed 9 days ago -->
-<!-- PyGLM: 117, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- DeepForest: 686, last pushed 142 days ago -->
-<!-- bx-python: 105, last pushed 72 days ago -->
+<!-- Parselmouth: 596, last pushed 12 days ago -->
-<!-- iDynTree: 87, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- AutoPy: 596, last pushed 178 days ago -->
-<!-- boost-histogram: 83, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- Psycopg 3: 544, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- pybase64: 73, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- H3-py: 457, last pushed 40 days ago -->
-<!-- TgCrypto: 71, last pushed 112 days ago -->
+<!-- markupsafe: 437, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- etebase-py: 51, last pushed 258 days ago -->
+<!-- python-rapidjson: 433, last pushed 57 days ago -->
-<!-- fathon: 35, last pushed 109 days ago -->
+<!-- Rtree: 432, last pushed 67 days ago -->
-<!-- pyjet: 31, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- python-snappy: 413, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- numpythia: 31, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 cmake_example: 336, last pushed 14 days ago -->
-<!-- polaroid: 24, last pushed 55 days ago -->
+<!-- KDEpy: 315, last pushed 192 days ago -->
-<!-- ninja: 20, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- tgcalls: 293, last pushed 83 days ago -->
-<!-- Imagecodecs (fork): 19, last pushed 25 days ago -->
+<!-- dd-trace-py: 286, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 scikit_build_example: 17, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 python_example: 285, last pushed 14 days ago -->
-<!-- GSD: 17, last pushed 17 days ago -->
+<!-- cyvcf2: 279, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- pyinstrument_cext: 10, last pushed 33 days ago -->
+<!-- sourmash: 267, last pushed 9 days ago -->
-<!-- xmlstarlet: 7, last pushed 59 days ago -->
+<!-- time-machine: 236, last pushed 5 days ago -->
-<!-- CorrectionLib: 6, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- matrixprofile: 217, last pushed 170 days ago -->
-<!-- SiPM: 4, last pushed 72 days ago -->
+<!-- CTranslate2: 213, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pillow-heif: 2, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- jq.py: 189, last pushed 132 days ago -->
+<!-- iminuit: 189, last pushed 29 days ago -->
+<!-- Tokenizer: 161, last pushed 4 days ago -->
+<!-- PyGLM: 124, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- bx-python: 108, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- boost-histogram: 101, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- iDynTree: 92, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- TgCrypto: 80, last pushed 62 days ago -->
+<!-- pybase64: 76, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- etebase-py: 53, last pushed 342 days ago -->
+<!-- fathon: 41, last pushed 25 days ago -->
+<!-- numpythia: 32, last pushed 13 days ago -->
+<!-- pyjet: 31, last pushed 14 days ago -->
+<!-- polaroid: 27, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- Imagecodecs (fork): 26, last pushed 23 days ago -->
+<!-- clang-format: 22, last pushed 59 days ago -->
+<!-- ninja: 20, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 scikit_build_example: 19, last pushed 14 days ago -->
+<!-- GSD: 18, last pushed 25 days ago -->
+<!-- pyinstrument_cext: 10, last pushed 65 days ago -->
+<!-- xmlstarlet: 7, last pushed 34 days ago -->
+<!-- CorrectionLib: 7, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- pillow-heif: 7, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- SiPM: 4, last pushed 35 days ago -->
 
 <!-- END bin/projects.py -->
 

examples/appveyor-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ stack: python 3.7
 init:
 - cmd: set PATH=C:\Python37;C:\Python37\Scripts;%PATH%
 
-install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
 
 build_script: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
 

examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+        pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels

examples/circleci-minimal.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux wheels.
           command: |
-            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.3.1
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the OS X wheels.
           command: |
-            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/

examples/github-apple-silicon.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.2.0a1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.3.1
         env:
           CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2
 

examples/github-deploy.yml

@@ -21,13 +21,8 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-        name: Install Python
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.8'
-
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.2.0a1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.3.1
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
         with:
@@ -39,13 +34,8 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-        name: Install Python
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.8'
-
       - name: Build sdist
-        run: python setup.py sdist
+        run: pipx run build --sdist
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
         with:

examples/github-minimal.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.2.0a1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.3.1
         # to supply options, put them in 'env', like:
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value

examples/github-with-qemu.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
           platforms: all
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.2.0a1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.3.1
         env:
           # configure cibuildwheel to build native archs ('auto'), and some
           # emulated ones

examples/gitlab-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ linux:
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:
     paths:

examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ jobs:
         - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
 
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
 
 script:
-  # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'
+  # build the wheels, put them into './dist'
-  - python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+  - python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir dist
 
 deploy:
   provider: pypi

examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
         - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
 
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1
 
 script:
   # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'

examples/travis-ci-test-and-deploy.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ install:
   - python3 -m pip install pytest
 
 script:
-  - python3 setup.py install
+  - python3 -m pip install .
   - pytest
 
 stages:
@@ -48,30 +48,24 @@ jobs:
     # Deploy source distribution
     - stage: deploy
       name: Deploy source distribution
-      install: skip
+      install: python3 -m pip install build twine
-      script: python3 setup.py sdist --formats=gztar
+      script: python3 -m build --sdist --formats=gztar
-      after_success: |
+      after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing dist/*.tar.gz
-        python3 -m pip install twine
-        python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing dist/*.tar.gz
     # Deploy on linux
     - stage: deploy
       name: Build and deploy Linux wheels
       services: docker
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1 twine
       script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-      after_success: |
+      after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
-        python3 -m pip install twine
-        python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
     # Deploy on windows
     - stage: deploy
       name: Build and deploy Windows wheels
       os: windows
       language: shell
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.2.0a1
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.3.1 twine
       script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-      after_success: |
+      after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
-        python3 -m pip install twine
-        python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
 
 env:
   global:

noxfile.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import nox
 
-nox.options.sessions = ["lint", "tests"]
+nox.options.sessions = ["lint", "check_manifest", "tests"]
 
 PYTHON_ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9"]
 
@@ -34,6 +34,16 @@ def lint(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     session.run("pre-commit", "run", "--all-files", *session.posargs)
 
 
+@nox.session
+def check_manifest(session: nox.Session) -> None:
+    """
+    Ensure all needed files are included in the manifest.
+    """
+
+    session.install("check-manifest")
+    session.run("check-manifest", *session.posargs)
+
+
 @nox.session(python=PYTHON_ALL_VERSIONS)
 def update_constraints(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     """

pyproject.toml

@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ files = [
     "cibuildwheel/*.py",
     "test/**/*.py",
     "unit_test/**/*.py",
-    "bin/*.py"
+    "bin/*.py",
+    "noxfile.py",
 ]
 warn_unused_configs = true
 warn_redundant_casts = true
@@ -58,10 +59,25 @@ module = [
     "setuptools",
     "pytest", # ignored in pre-commit to speed up check
     "bashlex",
-    "toml.encoder", # encoder missing from stub package
-    "bracex",
     "importlib_resources",
-    "nox",
+    "ghapi.*",
-    "github",
 ]
 ignore_missing_imports = true
+
+[tool.pycln]
+all = true
+
+[tool.check-manifest]
+ignore = [
+    ".*",
+    ".circleci/**",
+    "test/**",
+    "unit_test/**",
+    "docs/**",
+    "examples/**",
+    "bin/**",
+    "*.yml",
+    "CI.md",  # TODO: can change test/test_ssl and remove this
+    "requirements-dev.txt",
+    "noxfile.py",
+]

setup.cfg

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 [metadata]
 name = cibuildwheel
-version = 2.2.0a1
+version = 2.3.1
 description = Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration.
 long_description = file: README.md
 long_description_content_type = text/markdown
 url = https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel
 author = Joe Rickerby
 author_email = joerick@mac.com
-license = BSD
+license = BSD-2-Clause
 license_file = LICENSE
 classifiers =
     Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ classifiers =
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
     Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
     Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools
 keywords = ci,wheel,packaging,pypi,travis,appveyor,macos,linux,windows
@@ -34,12 +35,17 @@ install_requires =
     bracex
     certifi
     packaging
-    toml
+    tomli
-    typing_extensions;python_version < '3.8'
+    dataclasses;python_version < '3.7'
+    typing-extensions>=3.10.0.0;python_version < '3.8'
 python_requires = >=3.6
 include_package_data = True
 zip_safe = False
 
+[options.packages.find]
+include =
+    cibuildwheel
+
 [options.entry_points]
 console_scripts =
     cibuildwheel = cibuildwheel.__main__:main
@@ -47,10 +53,6 @@ console_scripts =
 [options.package_data]
 cibuildwheel = resources/*
 
-[options.packages.find]
-include =
-    cibuildwheel
-
 [flake8]
 ignore = E501,W503,E741,E226,B950,E203
 select = C,E,F,W,B,B9

test/conftest.py

@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ def pytest_collection_modifyitems(config, items) -> None:
     params=[{"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": "pip"}, {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": "build"}], ids=["pip", "build"]
 )
 def build_frontend_env(request) -> Dict[str, str]:
-    return request.param  # type: ignore
+    return request.param  # type: ignore[no-any-return]

test/test_docker_images.py

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ def test(tmp_path):
     actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
         project_dir,
         add_env={
-            "CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE": "dockcross/manylinux2010-x64",
+            "CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE": "dockcross/manylinux2014-x64",
-            "CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE": "dockcross/manylinux2010-x86",
+            "CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE": "dockcross/manylinux2014-x86",
             "CIBW_BUILD": "cp3{6,7,8,9}-manylinux*",
         },
     )

test/test_wheel_tag.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import pytest
+
+from . import test_projects, utils
+
+basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
+
+
+def test_wheel_tag_is_correct_when_using_macosx_deployment_target(tmp_path):
+    if utils.platform != "macos":
+        pytest.skip("This test is only relevant to MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET")
+
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    basic_project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    # build the wheels
+    deployment_target = "10.11"
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+        project_dir,
+        add_env={
+            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-*",
+            "MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET": deployment_target,
+        },
+    )
+
+    # check that the expected wheels are produced
+    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels(
+        "spam", "0.1.0", macosx_deployment_target=deployment_target
+    )
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in expected_wheels if "cp39" in w]
+
+    print("actual_wheels", actual_wheels)
+    print("expected_wheels", expected_wheels)
+
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)

test/utils.py

@@ -120,7 +120,12 @@ def expected_wheels(
 
     if manylinux_versions is None:
         if machine_arch == "x86_64":
-            manylinux_versions = ["manylinux_2_5", "manylinux1", "manylinux_2_12", "manylinux2010"]
+            manylinux_versions = [
+                "manylinux_2_5",
+                "manylinux1",
+                "manylinux_2_17",
+                "manylinux2014",
+            ]
         else:
             manylinux_versions = ["manylinux_2_17", "manylinux2014"]
 
@@ -130,12 +135,7 @@ def expected_wheels(
     python_abi_tags = ["cp36-cp36m", "cp37-cp37m", "cp38-cp38", "cp39-cp39", "cp310-cp310"]
 
     if machine_arch in ["x86_64", "AMD64", "x86", "aarch64"]:
-        python_abi_tags += ["pp37-pypy37_pp73"]
+        python_abi_tags += ["pp37-pypy37_pp73", "pp38-pypy38_pp73"]
-
-    if platform == "macos" and get_macos_version() >= (10, 16):
-        # 10.16 is sometimes reported as the macOS version on macOS 11.
-        # pypy not supported on macOS 11.
-        python_abi_tags = [t for t in python_abi_tags if not t.startswith("pp")]
 
     if platform == "macos" and machine_arch == "arm64":
         # currently, arm64 macs are only supported by cp39 & cp310

unit_test/build_ids_test.py

@@ -1,28 +1,32 @@
-import toml
+from typing import Dict, List
+
+import tomli
 from packaging.version import Version
 
-from cibuildwheel.extra import InlineArrayDictEncoder  # noqa: E402
+from cibuildwheel.extra import Printable, dump_python_configurations
 from cibuildwheel.util import resources_dir
 
 
 def test_compare_configs():
-    with open(resources_dir / "build-platforms.toml") as f:
+    with open(resources_dir / "build-platforms.toml") as f1:
-        txt = f.read()
+        txt = f1.read()
 
-    dict_txt = toml.loads(txt)
+    with open(resources_dir / "build-platforms.toml", "rb") as f2:
+        dict_txt = tomli.load(f2)
 
-    new_txt = toml.dumps(dict_txt, encoder=InlineArrayDictEncoder())  # type: ignore
+    new_txt = dump_python_configurations(dict_txt)
     print(new_txt)
 
     assert new_txt == txt
 
 
 def test_dump_with_Version():
-    example = {
+    # MyPy doesn't understand deeply nested dicts correctly
+    example: Dict[str, Dict[str, List[Dict[str, Printable]]]] = {
         "windows": {
             "python_configurations": [
                 {"identifier": "cp27-win32", "version": Version("2.7.18"), "arch": "32"},
-                {"identifier": "cp27-win_amd64", "version": Version("2.7.18"), "arch": "64"},
+                {"identifier": "cp27-win_amd64", "version": "2.7.18", "arch": "64"},
             ]
         }
     }
@@ -35,6 +39,6 @@ python_configurations = [
 ]
 """
 
-    output = toml.dumps(example, encoder=InlineArrayDictEncoder())  # type: ignore
+    output = dump_python_configurations(example)
     print(output)
     assert output == result

unit_test/build_selector_test.py

@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ def test_skip():
 
     assert not build_selector("pp36-manylinux_x86_64")
     assert build_selector("pp37-manylinux_x86_64")
+    assert build_selector("pp38-manylinux_x86_64")
+    assert build_selector("pp37-manylinux_i686")
+    assert build_selector("pp38-manylinux_i686")
     assert build_selector("cp36-manylinux_x86_64")
     assert build_selector("cp37-manylinux_x86_64")
     assert not build_selector("cp36-manylinux_i686")

unit_test/conftest.py

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
+MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR = Path("some_package_dir")
+
 
 def pytest_addoption(parser):
     parser.addoption("--run-docker", action="store_true", default=False, help="run docker tests")
@@ -17,3 +22,22 @@ def pytest_collection_modifyitems(config, items):
     for item in items:
         if "docker" in item.keywords:
             item.add_marker(skip_docker)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fake_package_dir(monkeypatch):
+    """
+    Monkey-patch enough for the main() function to run
+    """
+    real_path_exists = Path.exists
+
+    def mock_path_exists(path):
+        if path == MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR / "setup.py":
+            return True
+        else:
+            return real_path_exists(path)
+
+    args = ["cibuildwheel", str(MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR)]
+    monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "exists", mock_path_exists)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", args)
+    return args

unit_test/docker_container_test.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 import pytest
 
 from cibuildwheel.docker_container import DockerContainer
-from cibuildwheel.environment import EnvironmentAssignment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import EnvironmentAssignmentBash
 
 # for these tests we use manylinux2014 images, because they're available on
 # multi architectures and include python3.8
@@ -25,19 +25,19 @@ elif pm == "s390x":
 
 @pytest.mark.docker
 def test_simple():
-    with DockerContainer(DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
         assert container.call(["echo", "hello"], capture_output=True) == "hello\n"
 
 
 @pytest.mark.docker
 def test_no_lf():
-    with DockerContainer(DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
         assert container.call(["printf", "hello"], capture_output=True) == "hello"
 
 
 @pytest.mark.docker
 def test_environment():
-    with DockerContainer(DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
         assert (
             container.call(
                 ["sh", "-c", "echo $TEST_VAR"], env={"TEST_VAR": "1"}, capture_output=True
@@ -48,14 +48,16 @@ def test_environment():
 
 @pytest.mark.docker
 def test_cwd():
-    with DockerContainer(DEFAULT_IMAGE, cwd="/cibuildwheel/working_directory") as container:
+    with DockerContainer(
+        docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE, cwd="/cibuildwheel/working_directory"
+    ) as container:
         assert container.call(["pwd"], capture_output=True) == "/cibuildwheel/working_directory\n"
         assert container.call(["pwd"], capture_output=True, cwd="/opt") == "/opt\n"
 
 
 @pytest.mark.docker
 def test_container_removed():
-    with DockerContainer(DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
         docker_containers_listing = subprocess.run(
             "docker container ls",
             shell=True,
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ def test_large_environment():
         "d": "0" * long_env_var_length,
     }
 
-    with DockerContainer(DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
         # check the length of d
         assert (
             container.call(["sh", "-c", "echo ${#d}"], env=large_environment, capture_output=True)
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ def test_large_environment():
 
 @pytest.mark.docker
 def test_binary_output():
-    with DockerContainer(DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
         # note: the below embedded snippets are in python2
 
         # check that we can pass though arbitrary binary data without erroring
@@ -149,7 +151,7 @@ def test_binary_output():
 
 @pytest.mark.docker
 def test_file_operations(tmp_path: Path):
-    with DockerContainer(DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
         # test copying a file in
         test_binary_data = bytes(random.randrange(256) for _ in range(1000))
         original_test_file = tmp_path / "test.dat"
@@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ def test_file_operations(tmp_path: Path):
 
 @pytest.mark.docker
 def test_dir_operations(tmp_path: Path):
-    with DockerContainer(DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
         test_binary_data = bytes(random.randrange(256) for _ in range(1000))
         original_test_file = tmp_path / "test.dat"
         original_test_file.write_bytes(test_binary_data)
@@ -195,6 +197,6 @@ def test_dir_operations(tmp_path: Path):
 
 @pytest.mark.docker
 def test_environment_executor():
-    with DockerContainer(DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+    with DockerContainer(docker_image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
-        assignment = EnvironmentAssignment("TEST=$(echo 42)")
+        assignment = EnvironmentAssignmentBash("TEST=$(echo 42)")
         assert assignment.evaluated_value({}, container.environment_executor) == "42"

unit_test/environment_test.py

@@ -7,30 +7,24 @@ def test_basic_parsing():
     environment_recipe = parse_environment("VAR=1 VBR=2")
 
     environment_dict = environment_recipe.as_dictionary(prev_environment={})
-    environment_cmds = environment_recipe.as_shell_commands()
 
     assert environment_dict == {"VAR": "1", "VBR": "2"}
-    assert environment_cmds == ["export VAR=1", "export VBR=2"]
 
 
 def test_quotes():
     environment_recipe = parse_environment("A=1 VAR=\"1 NOT_A_VAR=2\" VBR='vbr'")
 
     environment_dict = environment_recipe.as_dictionary(prev_environment={})
-    environment_cmds = environment_recipe.as_shell_commands()
 
     assert environment_dict == {"A": "1", "VAR": "1 NOT_A_VAR=2", "VBR": "vbr"}
-    assert environment_cmds == ["export A=1", 'export VAR="1 NOT_A_VAR=2"', "export VBR='vbr'"]
 
 
 def test_inheritance():
     environment_recipe = parse_environment("PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin")
 
     environment_dict = environment_recipe.as_dictionary(prev_environment={"PATH": "/usr/bin"})
-    environment_cmds = environment_recipe.as_shell_commands()
 
     assert environment_dict == {"PATH": "/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin"}
-    assert environment_cmds == ["export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin"]
 
 
 def test_shell_eval():
@@ -40,40 +34,32 @@ def test_shell_eval():
     env_copy.pop("VAR", None)
 
     environment_dict = environment_recipe.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env_copy)
-    environment_cmds = environment_recipe.as_shell_commands()
 
     assert environment_dict["VAR"] == "a   test string"
-    assert environment_cmds == ['export VAR="$(echo "a   test" string)"']
 
 
 def test_shell_eval_and_env():
     environment_recipe = parse_environment('VAR="$(echo "$PREV_VAR" string)"')
 
     environment_dict = environment_recipe.as_dictionary(prev_environment={"PREV_VAR": "1 2 3"})
-    environment_cmds = environment_recipe.as_shell_commands()
 
     assert environment_dict == {"PREV_VAR": "1 2 3", "VAR": "1 2 3 string"}
-    assert environment_cmds == ['export VAR="$(echo "$PREV_VAR" string)"']
 
 
 def test_empty_var():
     environment_recipe = parse_environment("CFLAGS=")
 
     environment_dict = environment_recipe.as_dictionary(prev_environment={"CFLAGS": "-Wall"})
-    environment_cmds = environment_recipe.as_shell_commands()
 
     assert environment_dict == {"CFLAGS": ""}
-    assert environment_cmds == ["export CFLAGS="]
 
 
 def test_no_vars():
     environment_recipe = parse_environment("")
 
     environment_dict = environment_recipe.as_dictionary(prev_environment={})
-    environment_cmds = environment_recipe.as_shell_commands()
 
     assert environment_dict == {}
-    assert environment_cmds == []
 
 
 def test_no_vars_pass_through():

unit_test/linux_build_steps_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
+from pprint import pprint
+
+import cibuildwheel.docker_container
+import cibuildwheel.linux
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
+
+from .utils import get_default_command_line_arguments
+
+
+def test_linux_container_split(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch):
+    """
+    Tests splitting linux builds by docker image and before_all
+    """
+
+    args = get_default_command_line_arguments()
+    args.platform = "linux"
+
+    (tmp_path / "pyproject.toml").write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent(
+            """
+                [tool.cibuildwheel]
+                manylinux-x86_64-image = "normal_docker_image"
+                manylinux-i686-image = "normal_docker_image"
+                build = "*-manylinux_x86_64"
+                skip = "pp*"
+                archs = "x86_64 i686"
+
+                [[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+                select = "cp{38,39,310}-*"
+                manylinux-x86_64-image = "other_docker_image"
+                manylinux-i686-image = "other_docker_image"
+
+                [[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+                select = "cp39-*"
+                before-all = "echo 'a cp39-only command'"
+            """
+        )
+    )
+
+    monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
+    options = Options("linux", command_line_arguments=args)
+
+    python_configurations = cibuildwheel.linux.get_python_configurations(
+        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
+    )
+
+    build_steps = list(cibuildwheel.linux.get_build_steps(options, python_configurations))
+
+    # helper functions to extract test info
+    def identifiers(step):
+        return [c.identifier for c in step.platform_configs]
+
+    def before_alls(step):
+        return [options.build_options(c.identifier).before_all for c in step.platform_configs]
+
+    pprint(build_steps)
+
+    assert build_steps[0].docker_image == "normal_docker_image"
+    assert identifiers(build_steps[0]) == ["cp36-manylinux_x86_64", "cp37-manylinux_x86_64"]
+    assert before_alls(build_steps[0]) == ["", ""]
+
+    assert build_steps[1].docker_image == "other_docker_image"
+    assert identifiers(build_steps[1]) == ["cp38-manylinux_x86_64", "cp310-manylinux_x86_64"]
+    assert before_alls(build_steps[1]) == ["", ""]
+
+    assert build_steps[2].docker_image == "other_docker_image"
+    assert identifiers(build_steps[2]) == ["cp39-manylinux_x86_64"]
+    assert before_alls(build_steps[2]) == ["echo 'a cp39-only command'"]

unit_test/main_tests/conftest.py

@@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ class ArgsInterceptor:
         self.kwargs = kwargs
 
 
-MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR = Path("some_package_dir")
-
-
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
 def mock_protection(monkeypatch):
     """
@@ -41,22 +38,8 @@ def mock_protection(monkeypatch):
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-def fake_package_dir(monkeypatch):
+def fake_package_dir_autouse(fake_package_dir):
-    """
+    pass
-    Monkey-patch enough for the main() function to run
-    """
-    real_path_exists = Path.exists
-
-    def mock_path_exists(path):
-        if path == MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR / "setup.py":
-            return True
-        else:
-            return real_path_exists(path)
-
-    args = ["cibuildwheel", str(MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR)]
-    monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "exists", mock_path_exists)
-    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", args)
-    return args
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)

unit_test/main_tests/main_options_test.py

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ from fnmatch import fnmatch
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
+import tomli
 
 from cibuildwheel.__main__ import main
 from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from cibuildwheel.util import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, _get_pinned_docker_images
+from cibuildwheel.util import BuildSelector, resources_dir
 
 # CIBW_PLATFORM is tested in main_platform_test.py
 
@@ -18,13 +20,13 @@ def test_output_dir(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
 
     main()
 
-    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].output_dir == OUTPUT_DIR
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].globals.output_dir == OUTPUT_DIR
 
 
 def test_output_dir_default(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
     main()
 
-    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].output_dir == Path("wheelhouse")
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].globals.output_dir == Path("wheelhouse")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("also_set_environment", [False, True])
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ def test_output_dir_argument(also_set_environment, platform, intercepted_build_a
 
     main()
 
-    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].output_dir == OUTPUT_DIR
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].globals.output_dir == OUTPUT_DIR
 
 
 def test_build_selector(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch, allow_empty):
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ def test_build_selector(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch, allow_emp
 
     main()
 
-    intercepted_build_selector = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_selector
+    intercepted_build_selector = intercepted_build_args.args[0].globals.build_selector
     assert isinstance(intercepted_build_selector, BuildSelector)
     assert intercepted_build_selector("build24-this")
     assert not intercepted_build_selector("skip65-that")
@@ -69,19 +71,19 @@ def test_empty_selector(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "architecture, image, full_image",
     [
-        ("x86_64", None, "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:*"),
+        ("x86_64", None, "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:*"),
         ("x86_64", "manylinux1", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:*"),
         ("x86_64", "manylinux2010", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:*"),
         ("x86_64", "manylinux2014", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:*"),
         ("x86_64", "manylinux_2_24", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:*"),
         ("x86_64", "custom_image", "custom_image"),
-        ("i686", None, "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:*"),
+        ("i686", None, "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:*"),
         ("i686", "manylinux1", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:*"),
         ("i686", "manylinux2010", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:*"),
         ("i686", "manylinux2014", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:*"),
         ("i686", "manylinux_2_24", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:*"),
         ("i686", "custom_image", "custom_image"),
-        ("pypy_x86_64", None, "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:*"),
+        ("pypy_x86_64", None, "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:*"),
         ("pypy_x86_64", "manylinux1", "manylinux1"),  # Does not exist
         ("pypy_x86_64", "manylinux2010", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:*"),
         ("pypy_x86_64", "manylinux2014", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:*"),
@@ -97,10 +99,15 @@ def test_manylinux_images(
 
     main()
 
+    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_options(identifier=None)
+
     if platform == "linux":
-        assert fnmatch(intercepted_build_args.args[0].manylinux_images[architecture], full_image)
+        assert fnmatch(
+            build_options.manylinux_images[architecture],
+            full_image,
+        )
     else:
-        assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].manylinux_images is None
+        assert build_options.manylinux_images is None
 
 
 def get_default_repair_command(platform):
@@ -128,8 +135,10 @@ def test_repair_command(
 
     main()
 
+    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_options(identifier=None)
+
     expected_repair = repair_command or get_default_repair_command(platform)
-    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].repair_command == expected_repair
+    assert build_options.repair_command == expected_repair
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -147,7 +156,9 @@ def test_environment(environment, platform_specific, platform, intercepted_build
 
     main()
 
-    intercepted_environment = intercepted_build_args.args[0].environment
+    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_options(identifier=None)
+    intercepted_environment = build_options.environment
+
     assert isinstance(intercepted_environment, ParsedEnvironment)
     assert intercepted_environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment={}) == environment
 
@@ -166,7 +177,9 @@ def test_test_requires(
 
     main()
 
-    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].test_requires == (test_requires or "").split()
+    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_options(identifier=None)
+
+    assert build_options.test_requires == (test_requires or "").split()
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_extras", [None, "extras"])
@@ -181,9 +194,9 @@ def test_test_extras(test_extras, platform_specific, platform, intercepted_build
 
     main()
 
-    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].test_extras == (
+    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_options(identifier=None)
-        "[" + test_extras + "]" if test_extras else ""
+
-    )
+    assert build_options.test_extras == ("[" + test_extras + "]" if test_extras else "")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_command", [None, "test --command"])
@@ -200,7 +213,9 @@ def test_test_command(
 
     main()
 
-    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].test_command == (test_command or "")
+    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_options(identifier=None)
+
+    assert build_options.test_command == (test_command or "")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("before_build", [None, "before --build"])
@@ -217,7 +232,8 @@ def test_before_build(
 
     main()
 
-    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].before_build == (before_build or "")
+    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_options(identifier=None)
+    assert build_options.before_build == (before_build or "")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("build_verbosity", [None, 0, 2, -2, 4, -4])
@@ -233,9 +249,10 @@ def test_build_verbosity(
             monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY", str(build_verbosity))
 
     main()
+    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_options(identifier=None)
 
     expected_verbosity = max(-3, min(3, int(build_verbosity or 0)))
-    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_verbosity == expected_verbosity
+    assert build_options.build_verbosity == expected_verbosity
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -286,4 +303,36 @@ def test_before_all(before_all, platform_specific, platform, intercepted_build_a
 
     main()
 
-    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].before_all == (before_all or "")
+    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_options(identifier=None)
+
+    assert build_options.before_all == (before_all or "")
+
+
+def test_defaults(platform, intercepted_build_args):
+    main()
+
+    build_options: BuildOptions = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_options(identifier=None)
+    defaults_config_path = resources_dir / "defaults.toml"
+    with defaults_config_path.open("rb") as f:
+        defaults_toml = tomli.load(f)
+
+    root_defaults = defaults_toml["tool"]["cibuildwheel"]
+    platform_defaults = defaults_toml["tool"]["cibuildwheel"][platform]
+
+    defaults = {}
+    defaults.update(root_defaults)
+    defaults.update(platform_defaults)
+
+    # test a few options
+    assert build_options.before_all == defaults["before-all"]
+    repair_wheel_default = defaults["repair-wheel-command"]
+    if isinstance(repair_wheel_default, list):
+        repair_wheel_default = " && ".join(repair_wheel_default)
+    assert build_options.repair_command == repair_wheel_default
+    assert build_options.build_frontend == defaults["build-frontend"]
+
+    if platform == "linux":
+        assert build_options.manylinux_images
+        pinned_images = _get_pinned_docker_images()
+        default_x86_64_image = pinned_images["x86_64"][defaults["manylinux-x86_64-image"]]
+        assert build_options.manylinux_images["x86_64"] == default_x86_64_image

unit_test/main_tests/main_platform_test.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import pytest
 from cibuildwheel.__main__ import main
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
 
-from .conftest import MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR
+from ..conftest import MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR
 
 
 def test_unknown_platform_non_ci(monkeypatch, capsys):
@@ -58,26 +58,29 @@ def test_platform_argument(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
 
     main()
 
-    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].package_dir == MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR
+    options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+
+    assert options.globals.package_dir == MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR
 
 
 def test_platform_environment(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
     main()
+    options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
 
-    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].package_dir == MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR
+    assert options.globals.package_dir == MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR
 
 
 def test_archs_default(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
 
     main()
-    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+    options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
 
     if platform == "linux":
-        assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.i686}
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.i686}
     elif platform == "windows":
-        assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.AMD64, Architecture.x86}
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.AMD64, Architecture.x86}
     else:
-        assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.x86_64}
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.x86_64}
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("use_env_var", [False, True])
@@ -96,8 +99,8 @@ def test_archs_argument(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch, use_env_v
 
     else:
         main()
-        build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+        options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
-        assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.ppc64le}
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.ppc64le}
 
 
 def test_archs_platform_specific(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
@@ -107,38 +110,38 @@ def test_archs_platform_specific(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS", "x86_64")
 
     main()
-    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+    options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
 
     if platform == "linux":
-        assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.ppc64le}
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.ppc64le}
     elif platform == "windows":
-        assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.x86}
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.x86}
     elif platform == "macos":
-        assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.x86_64}
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.x86_64}
 
 
 def test_archs_platform_native(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_ARCHS", "native")
 
     main()
-    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+    options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
 
     if platform in {"linux", "macos"}:
-        assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.x86_64}
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.x86_64}
     elif platform == "windows":
-        assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.AMD64}
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.AMD64}
 
 
 def test_archs_platform_auto64(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_ARCHS", "auto64")
 
     main()
-    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+    options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
 
     if platform in {"linux", "macos"}:
-        assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.x86_64}
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.x86_64}
     elif platform == "windows":
-        assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.AMD64}
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.AMD64}
 
 
 def test_archs_platform_auto32(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
@@ -152,22 +155,22 @@ def test_archs_platform_auto32(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
     else:
         main()
 
-        build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+        options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
 
         if platform == "linux":
-            assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.i686}
+            assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.i686}
         elif platform == "windows":
-            assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.x86}
+            assert options.globals.architectures == {Architecture.x86}
 
 
 def test_archs_platform_all(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_ARCHS", "all")
 
     main()
-    build_options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+    options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
 
     if platform == "linux":
-        assert build_options.architectures == {
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {
             Architecture.x86_64,
             Architecture.i686,
             Architecture.aarch64,
@@ -175,9 +178,13 @@ def test_archs_platform_all(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
             Architecture.s390x,
         }
     elif platform == "windows":
-        assert build_options.architectures == {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64}
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {
+            Architecture.x86,
+            Architecture.AMD64,
+            Architecture.ARM64,
+        }
     elif platform == "macos":
-        assert build_options.architectures == {
+        assert options.globals.architectures == {
             Architecture.x86_64,
             Architecture.arm64,
             Architecture.universal2,

unit_test/main_tests/main_requires_python_test.py

@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ def test_no_override(platform, monkeypatch, intercepted_build_args):
 
     main()
 
-    intercepted_build_selector = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_selector
+    options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+    intercepted_build_selector = options.globals.build_selector
 
     assert intercepted_build_selector("cp39-win32")
     assert intercepted_build_selector("cp36-win32")
@@ -40,7 +41,8 @@ def test_override_env(platform, monkeypatch, intercepted_build_args):
 
     main()
 
-    intercepted_build_selector = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_selector
+    options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+    intercepted_build_selector = options.globals.build_selector
 
     assert intercepted_build_selector.requires_python == SpecifierSet(">=3.8")
 
@@ -61,7 +63,8 @@ def test_override_setup_cfg(platform, monkeypatch, intercepted_build_args, fake_
 
     main()
 
-    intercepted_build_selector = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_selector
+    options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+    intercepted_build_selector = options.globals.build_selector
 
     assert intercepted_build_selector.requires_python == SpecifierSet(">=3.8")
 
@@ -82,7 +85,8 @@ def test_override_pyproject_toml(platform, monkeypatch, intercepted_build_args,
 
     main()
 
-    intercepted_build_selector = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_selector
+    options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+    intercepted_build_selector = options.globals.build_selector
 
     assert intercepted_build_selector.requires_python == SpecifierSet(">=3.8")
 
@@ -107,7 +111,8 @@ def test_override_setup_py_simple(platform, monkeypatch, intercepted_build_args,
 
     main()
 
-    intercepted_build_selector = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_selector
+    options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
+    intercepted_build_selector = options.globals.build_selector
 
     assert intercepted_build_selector.requires_python == SpecifierSet(">=3.7")
 

unit_test/option_prepare_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+import platform as platform_module
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import cast
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from cibuildwheel import linux, util
+from cibuildwheel.__main__ import main
+
+ALL_IDS = {"cp36", "cp37", "cp38", "cp39", "cp310", "pp37", "pp38"}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_build_docker(monkeypatch):
+    def fail_on_call(*args, **kwargs):
+        raise RuntimeError("This should never be called")
+
+    def ignore_call(*args, **kwargs):
+        pass
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def nullcontext(enter_result=None):
+        yield enter_result
+
+    def ignore_context_call(*args, **kwargs):
+        return nullcontext(kwargs)
+
+    monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_PLATFORM", "linux")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(platform_module, "machine", lambda: "x86_64")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "Popen", fail_on_call)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", ignore_call)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(util, "download", fail_on_call)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("cibuildwheel.linux.DockerContainer", ignore_context_call)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr("cibuildwheel.linux.build_on_docker", mock.Mock(spec=linux.build_on_docker))
+    monkeypatch.setattr("cibuildwheel.util.print_new_wheels", ignore_context_call)
+
+
+def test_build_default_launches(mock_build_docker, fake_package_dir, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["cibuildwheel", "--platform=linux"])
+
+    main()
+
+    build_on_docker = cast(mock.Mock, linux.build_on_docker)
+
+    assert build_on_docker.call_count == 4
+
+    # In Python 3.8+, this can be simplified to [0].kwargs
+    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[0][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == Path("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+
+    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
+    assert identifiers == {f"{x}-manylinux_x86_64" for x in ALL_IDS}
+
+    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[1][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == Path("/project")
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+
+    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
+    assert identifiers == {f"{x}-manylinux_i686" for x in ALL_IDS}
+
+    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[2][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == Path("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+
+    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
+    assert identifiers == {
+        f"{x}-musllinux_x86_64" for x in ALL_IDS for x in ALL_IDS if "pp" not in x
+    }
+
+    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[3][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == Path("/project")
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+
+    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
+    assert identifiers == {f"{x}-musllinux_i686" for x in ALL_IDS if "pp" not in x}
+
+
+def test_build_with_override_launches(mock_build_docker, monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    pkg_dir = tmp_path / "cibw_package"
+    pkg_dir.mkdir()
+
+    cibw_toml = pkg_dir / "pyproject.toml"
+    cibw_toml.write_text(
+        """
+[tool.cibuildwheel]
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_24"
+
+# Before Python 3.10, use manylinux2014
+[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+select = "cp3?-*"
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
+manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2014"
+
+[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+select = "cp36-manylinux_x86_64"
+before-all = "true"
+"""
+    )
+
+    monkeypatch.chdir(pkg_dir)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["cibuildwheel", "--platform=linux"])
+
+    main()
+
+    build_on_docker = cast(mock.Mock, linux.build_on_docker)
+
+    assert build_on_docker.call_count == 6
+
+    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[0][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == Path("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+
+    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
+    assert identifiers == {"cp36-manylinux_x86_64"}
+    assert kwargs["options"].build_options("cp36-manylinux_x86_64").before_all == "true"
+
+    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[1][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == Path("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+
+    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
+    assert identifiers == {
+        f"{x}-manylinux_x86_64" for x in ALL_IDS - {"cp36", "cp310", "pp37", "pp38"}
+    }
+    assert kwargs["options"].build_options("cp37-manylinux_x86_64").before_all == ""
+
+    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[2][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == Path("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
+    assert identifiers == {
+        "cp310-manylinux_x86_64",
+        "pp37-manylinux_x86_64",
+        "pp38-manylinux_x86_64",
+    }
+
+    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[3][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == Path("/project")
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+
+    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
+    assert identifiers == {f"{x}-manylinux_i686" for x in ALL_IDS}
+
+    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[4][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == Path("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+
+    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
+    assert identifiers == {
+        f"{x}-musllinux_x86_64" for x in ALL_IDS for x in ALL_IDS if "pp" not in x
+    }
+
+    kwargs = build_on_docker.call_args_list[5][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686" in kwargs["docker"]["docker_image"]
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["cwd"] == Path("/project")
+    assert kwargs["docker"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+
+    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
+    assert identifiers == {f"{x}-musllinux_i686" for x in ALL_IDS if "pp" not in x}

unit_test/options_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import platform as platform_module
+
+import pytest
+
+from cibuildwheel.__main__ import get_build_identifiers
+from cibuildwheel.environment import parse_environment
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options, _get_pinned_docker_images
+
+from .utils import get_default_command_line_arguments
+
+PYPROJECT_1 = """
+[tool.cibuildwheel]
+build = ["cp38*", "cp37*"]
+environment = {FOO="BAR"}
+
+test-command = "pyproject"
+
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux1"
+
+environment-pass = ["EXAMPLE_ENV"]
+
+[tool.cibuildwheel.macos]
+test-requires = "else"
+
+[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+select = "cp37*"
+test-command = "pyproject-override"
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
+"""
+
+
+def test_options_1(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    with tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").open("w") as f:
+        f.write(PYPROJECT_1)
+
+    args = get_default_command_line_arguments()
+    args.package_dir = str(tmp_path)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(platform_module, "machine", lambda: "x86_64")
+
+    options = Options(platform="linux", command_line_arguments=args)
+
+    identifiers = get_build_identifiers(
+        platform="linux",
+        build_selector=options.globals.build_selector,
+        architectures=options.globals.architectures,
+    )
+
+    override_display = """\
+test_command: 'pyproject'
+  cp37-manylinux_x86_64: 'pyproject-override'"""
+
+    print(options.summary(identifiers))
+
+    assert override_display in options.summary(identifiers)
+
+    default_build_options = options.build_options(identifier=None)
+
+    assert default_build_options.environment == parse_environment('FOO="BAR"')
+
+    all_pinned_docker_images = _get_pinned_docker_images()
+    pinned_x86_64_docker_image = all_pinned_docker_images["x86_64"]
+
+    local = options.build_options("cp38-manylinux_x86_64")
+    assert local.manylinux_images is not None
+    assert local.test_command == "pyproject"
+    assert local.manylinux_images["x86_64"] == pinned_x86_64_docker_image["manylinux1"]
+
+    local = options.build_options("cp37-manylinux_x86_64")
+    assert local.manylinux_images is not None
+    assert local.test_command == "pyproject-override"
+    assert local.manylinux_images["x86_64"] == pinned_x86_64_docker_image["manylinux2014"]
+
+
+def test_passthrough(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    with tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").open("w") as f:
+        f.write(PYPROJECT_1)
+
+    args = get_default_command_line_arguments()
+    args.package_dir = str(tmp_path)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(platform_module, "machine", lambda: "x86_64")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("EXAMPLE_ENV", "ONE")
+
+    options = Options(platform="linux", command_line_arguments=args)
+
+    default_build_options = options.build_options(identifier=None)
+
+    assert default_build_options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment={}) == {
+        "FOO": "BAR",
+        "EXAMPLE_ENV": "ONE",
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "env_var_value",
+    [
+        "normal value",
+        '"value wrapped in quotes"',
+        "an unclosed single-quote: '",
+        'an unclosed double-quote: "',
+        "string\nwith\ncarriage\nreturns\n",
+        "a trailing backslash \\",
+    ],
+)
+def test_passthrough_evil(tmp_path, monkeypatch, env_var_value):
+    args = get_default_command_line_arguments()
+    args.package_dir = str(tmp_path)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(platform_module, "machine", lambda: "x86_64")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX", "ENV_VAR")
+    options = Options(platform="linux", command_line_arguments=args)
+
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ENV_VAR", env_var_value)
+    parsed_environment = options.build_options(identifier=None).environment
+    assert parsed_environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment={}) == {"ENV_VAR": env_var_value}

unit_test/options_toml_test.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
-from cibuildwheel.options import ConfigOptionError, ConfigOptions, _dig_first
+from cibuildwheel.options import ConfigOptionError, OptionsReader, _dig_first
 
 PYPROJECT_1 = """
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
@@ -28,86 +30,92 @@ def platform(request):
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("fname", ["pyproject.toml", "cibuildwheel.toml"])
 def test_simple_settings(tmp_path, platform, fname):
-    with tmp_path.joinpath(fname).open("w") as f:
+    config_file_path: Path = tmp_path / fname
-        f.write(PYPROJECT_1)
+    config_file_path.write_text(PYPROJECT_1)
 
-    options = ConfigOptions(tmp_path, f"{{package}}/{fname}", platform=platform)
+    options_reader = OptionsReader(config_file_path, platform=platform)
 
-    assert options("build", env_plat=False, sep=" ") == "cp39*"
+    assert options_reader.get("build", env_plat=False, sep=" ") == "cp39*"
 
-    assert options("test-command") == "pyproject"
+    assert options_reader.get("test-command") == "pyproject"
-    assert options("archs", sep=" ") == "auto"
+    assert options_reader.get("archs", sep=" ") == "auto"
     assert (
-        options("test-requires", sep=" ")
+        options_reader.get("test-requires", sep=" ")
         == {"windows": "something", "macos": "else", "linux": "other many"}[platform]
     )
 
     # Also testing options for support for both lists and tables
     assert (
-        options("environment", table={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "}) == 'THING="OTHER" FOO="BAR"'
+        options_reader.get("environment", table={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "})
-    )
-    assert (
-        options("environment", sep="x", table={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "})
         == 'THING="OTHER" FOO="BAR"'
     )
-    assert options("test-extras", sep=",") == "one,two"
+    assert (
-    assert options("test-extras", sep=",", table={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "}) == "one,two"
+        options_reader.get("environment", sep="x", table={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "})
+        == 'THING="OTHER" FOO="BAR"'
+    )
+    assert options_reader.get("test-extras", sep=",") == "one,two"
+    assert (
+        options_reader.get("test-extras", sep=",", table={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "})
+        == "one,two"
+    )
 
-    assert options("manylinux-x86_64-image") == "manylinux1"
+    assert options_reader.get("manylinux-x86_64-image") == "manylinux1"
-    assert options("manylinux-i686-image") == "manylinux2010"
+    assert options_reader.get("manylinux-i686-image") == "manylinux2014"
 
     with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
-        options("environment", sep=" ")
+        options_reader.get("environment", sep=" ")
 
     with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
-        options("test-extras", table={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "})
+        options_reader.get("test-extras", table={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "})
 
 
 def test_envvar_override(tmp_path, platform, monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_BUILD", "cp38*")
-    monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE", "manylinux2014")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE", "manylinux_2_24")
     monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_TEST_COMMAND", "mytest")
     monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES", "docs")
     monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_LINUX", "scod")
 
-    with tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").open("w") as f:
+    config_file_path: Path = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-        f.write(PYPROJECT_1)
+    config_file_path.write_text(PYPROJECT_1)
 
-    options = ConfigOptions(tmp_path, platform=platform)
+    options_reader = OptionsReader(config_file_path, platform=platform)
 
-    assert options("archs", sep=" ") == "auto"
+    assert options_reader.get("archs", sep=" ") == "auto"
 
-    assert options("build", sep=" ") == "cp38*"
+    assert options_reader.get("build", sep=" ") == "cp38*"
-    assert options("manylinux-x86_64-image") == "manylinux2014"
+    assert options_reader.get("manylinux-x86_64-image") == "manylinux_2_24"
-    assert options("manylinux-i686-image") == "manylinux2010"
+    assert options_reader.get("manylinux-i686-image") == "manylinux2014"
 
     assert (
-        options("test-requires", sep=" ")
+        options_reader.get("test-requires", sep=" ")
         == {"windows": "docs", "macos": "docs", "linux": "scod"}[platform]
     )
-    assert options("test-command") == "mytest"
+    assert options_reader.get("test-command") == "mytest"
 
 
 def test_project_global_override_default_platform(tmp_path, platform):
-    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
+    pyproject_toml = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+    pyproject_toml.write_text(
         """
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
 repair-wheel-command = "repair-project-global"
 """
     )
-    options = ConfigOptions(tmp_path, platform=platform)
+    options_reader = OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform=platform)
-    assert options("repair-wheel-command") == "repair-project-global"
+    assert options_reader.get("repair-wheel-command") == "repair-project-global"
 
 
 def test_env_global_override_default_platform(tmp_path, platform, monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND", "repair-env-global")
-    options = ConfigOptions(tmp_path, platform=platform)
+    options_reader = OptionsReader(platform=platform)
-    assert options("repair-wheel-command") == "repair-env-global"
+    assert options_reader.get("repair-wheel-command") == "repair-env-global"
 
 
 def test_env_global_override_project_platform(tmp_path, platform, monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND", "repair-env-global")
-    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
+    pyproject_toml = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+    pyproject_toml.write_text(
         """
 [tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
 repair-wheel-command = "repair-project-linux"
@@ -117,12 +125,13 @@ repair-wheel-command = "repair-project-windows"
 repair-wheel-command = "repair-project-macos"
 """
     )
-    options = ConfigOptions(tmp_path, platform=platform)
+    options_reader = OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform=platform)
-    assert options("repair-wheel-command") == "repair-env-global"
+    assert options_reader.get("repair-wheel-command") == "repair-env-global"
 
 
 def test_global_platform_order(tmp_path, platform):
-    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
+    pyproject_toml = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+    pyproject_toml.write_text(
         """
 [tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
 repair-wheel-command = "repair-project-linux"
@@ -134,14 +143,15 @@ repair-wheel-command = "repair-project-macos"
 repair-wheel-command = "repair-project-global"
 """
     )
-    options = ConfigOptions(tmp_path, platform=platform)
+    options_reader = OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform=platform)
-    assert options("repair-wheel-command") == f"repair-project-{platform}"
+    assert options_reader.get("repair-wheel-command") == f"repair-project-{platform}"
 
 
 def test_unexpected_key(tmp_path):
     # Note that platform contents are only checked when running
     # for that platform.
-    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
+    pyproject_toml = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+    pyproject_toml.write_text(
         """
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
 repairs-wheel-command = "repair-project-linux"
@@ -149,49 +159,53 @@ repairs-wheel-command = "repair-project-linux"
     )
 
     with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
-        ConfigOptions(tmp_path, platform="linux")
+        OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform="linux")
 
 
 def test_unexpected_table(tmp_path):
-    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
+    pyproject_toml = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+    pyproject_toml.write_text(
         """
 [tool.cibuildwheel.linus]
 repair-wheel-command = "repair-project-linux"
 """
     )
     with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
-        ConfigOptions(tmp_path, platform="linux")
+        OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform="linux")
 
 
 def test_unsupported_join(tmp_path):
-    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
+    pyproject_toml = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+    pyproject_toml.write_text(
         """
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
 build = ["1", "2"]
 """
     )
-    options = ConfigOptions(tmp_path, platform="linux")
+    options_reader = OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform="linux")
 
-    assert "1, 2" == options("build", sep=", ")
+    assert "1, 2" == options_reader.get("build", sep=", ")
     with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
-        options("build")
+        options_reader.get("build")
 
 
 def test_disallowed_a(tmp_path):
-    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
+    pyproject_toml = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+    pyproject_toml.write_text(
         """
 [tool.cibuildwheel.windows]
 manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux1"
 """
     )
     disallow = {"windows": {"manylinux-x86_64-image"}}
-    ConfigOptions(tmp_path, platform="linux", disallow=disallow)
+    OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform="linux", disallow=disallow)
     with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
-        ConfigOptions(tmp_path, platform="windows", disallow=disallow)
+        OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform="windows", disallow=disallow)
 
 
 def test_environment_override_empty(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
-    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
+    pyproject_toml = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+    pyproject_toml.write_text(
         """
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
 manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux1"
@@ -202,15 +216,15 @@ manylinux-x86_64-image = ""
     monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE", "")
     monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE", "manylinux1")
 
-    options = ConfigOptions(tmp_path, platform="linux")
+    options_reader = OptionsReader(pyproject_toml, platform="linux")
 
-    assert options("manylinux-x86_64-image") == ""
+    assert options_reader.get("manylinux-x86_64-image") == ""
-    assert options("manylinux-i686-image") == ""
+    assert options_reader.get("manylinux-i686-image") == ""
-    assert options("manylinux-aarch64-image") == "manylinux1"
+    assert options_reader.get("manylinux-aarch64-image") == "manylinux1"
 
-    assert options("manylinux-x86_64-image", ignore_empty=True) == "manylinux2010"
+    assert options_reader.get("manylinux-x86_64-image", ignore_empty=True) == "manylinux2014"
-    assert options("manylinux-i686-image", ignore_empty=True) == "manylinux1"
+    assert options_reader.get("manylinux-i686-image", ignore_empty=True) == "manylinux1"
-    assert options("manylinux-aarch64-image", ignore_empty=True) == "manylinux1"
+    assert options_reader.get("manylinux-aarch64-image", ignore_empty=True) == "manylinux1"
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("ignore_empty", (True, False))
@@ -246,3 +260,53 @@ def test_dig_first(ignore_empty):
             (d4, "other"),
             ignore_empty=ignore_empty,
         )
+
+
+PYPROJECT_2 = """
+[tool.cibuildwheel]
+build = ["cp38*", "cp37*"]
+environment = {FOO="BAR"}
+
+test-command = "pyproject"
+
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux1"
+
+[tool.cibuildwheel.macos]
+test-requires = "else"
+
+[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+select = "cp37*"
+test-command = "pyproject-override"
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
+"""
+
+
+def test_pyproject_2(tmp_path, platform):
+    pyproject_toml: Path = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+    pyproject_toml.write_text(PYPROJECT_2)
+
+    options_reader = OptionsReader(config_file_path=pyproject_toml, platform=platform)
+    assert options_reader.get("test-command") == "pyproject"
+
+    with options_reader.identifier("random"):
+        assert options_reader.get("test-command") == "pyproject"
+
+    with options_reader.identifier("cp37-something"):
+        assert options_reader.get("test-command") == "pyproject-override"
+
+
+def test_overrides_not_a_list(tmp_path, platform):
+    pyproject_toml: Path = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+
+    pyproject_toml.write_text(
+        """\
+[tool.cibuildwheel]
+build = ["cp38*", "cp37*"]
+[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]
+select = "cp37*"
+test-command = "pyproject-override"
+"""
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(ConfigOptionError):
+        OptionsReader(config_file_path=pyproject_toml, platform=platform)

unit_test/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments
+
+
+def get_default_command_line_arguments() -> CommandLineArguments:
+    defaults = CommandLineArguments()
+
+    defaults.platform = "auto"
+    defaults.allow_empty = False
+    defaults.archs = None
+    defaults.config_file = ""
+    defaults.output_dir = None
+    defaults.package_dir = "."
+    defaults.prerelease_pythons = False
+    defaults.print_build_identifiers = False
+
+    return defaults

unit_test/utils_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+from cibuildwheel.util import format_safe, prepare_command
+
+
+def test_format_safe():
+    assert format_safe("{wheel}", wheel="filename.whl") == "filename.whl"
+    assert format_safe("command #{wheel}", wheel="filename.whl") == "command {wheel}"
+    assert format_safe("{command #{wheel}}", wheel="filename.whl") == "{command {wheel}}"
+
+    # check unmatched brackets
+    assert format_safe("{command {wheel}", wheel="filename.whl") == "{command filename.whl"
+
+    # check positional-style arguments i.e. {}
+    assert (
+        format_safe("find . -name  * -exec ls -a {} \\;", project="/project")
+        == "find . -name  * -exec ls -a {} \\;"
+    )
+
+    assert format_safe("{param} {param}", param="1") == "1 1"
+    assert format_safe("# {param} {param}", param="1") == "# 1 1"
+    assert format_safe("#{not_a_param} {param}", param="1") == "#{not_a_param} 1"
+
+
+def test_prepare_command():
+    assert prepare_command("python -m {project}", project="project") == "python -m project"
+    assert prepare_command("python -m {something}", project="project") == "python -m {something}"
+    assert (
+        prepare_command("python -m {something.abc}", project="project")
+        == "python -m {something.abc}"
+    )
+
+    assert (
+        prepare_command("python -m {something.abc[4]:3f}", project="project")
+        == "python -m {something.abc[4]:3f}"
+    )
+
+    # test backslashes in the replacement
+    assert (
+        prepare_command(
+            "command {wheel} \\Users\\Temp\\output_dir", wheel="\\Temporary Files\\cibw"
+        )
+        == "command \\Temporary Files\\cibw \\Users\\Temp\\output_dir"
+    )
+
+    # test some unusual syntax that used to trip up the str.format approach
+    assert (
+        prepare_command("{a}{a,b}{b:.2e}{c}{d%s}{e:3}{f[0]}", a="42", b="3.14159")
+        == "42{a,b}{b:.2e}{c}{d%s}{e:3}{f[0]}"
+    )