Bump version: v2.16.0

chore(deps): bump docker/setup-qemu-action from 2 to 3

.cirrus.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+skip: changesIncludeOnly('docs/*', '.pre-commit-config.yaml')
+
 run_tests: &RUN_TESTS
   install_cibuildwheel_script:
     - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+* text=auto
+
+*.py diff=python
+*.md diff=markdown
+
+*.svg -diff

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
   dist:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - name: Build SDist and wheel
       run: pipx run build

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ on:
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'docs/**'
+      - .pre-commit-config.yaml
   workflow_dispatch:
     # allow manual runs on branches without a PR
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Linters (mypy, flake8, etc.)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
           python_version: '3.8'
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
       with:
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Set up QEMU
       id: qemu
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
       with:
         platforms: all
 

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'pypa' || github.event_name != 'schedule'
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - uses: wntrblm/nox@2023.04.22
       with:
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # we use this step to grab a Github App auth token, so that PRs generated by this workflow
     # run the GHA tests.
-    - uses: tibdex/github-app-token@v1
+    - uses: tibdex/github-app-token@v2
       id: generate-token
       if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
       with:

.github/workflows/update-major-minor-tag.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Update the ${{ env.TAG_NAME }} tag
         id: update-major-minor-tag

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ repos:
   - id: mixed-line-ending
   - id: trailing-whitespace
 
-- repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-  rev: 23.3.0
+- repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
+  rev: 23.9.1
   hooks:
   - id: black
 
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.0.276
+  rev: v0.0.288
   hooks:
   - id: ruff
     args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ repos:
     args: [--include-version-classifiers, --min-py-version=3.8, --max-py-version=3.11]
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v1.4.1
+  rev: v1.5.1
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
     name: mypy 3.8 on cibuildwheel/

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -2,13 +2,17 @@
 # See https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html for details
 version: 2
 
-mkdocs:
-  configuration: mkdocs.yml
+build:
+  os: ubuntu-22.04
+  tools:
+    python: "3.11"
 
 python:
-  version: 3.8
   install:
     - method: pip
       path: .
       extra_requirements:
         - docs
+
+mkdocs:
+  configuration: mkdocs.yml

README.md

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ What does it do?
 <sup>² Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
 <sup>³ Alpine 3.14 and very briefly 3.15's default python3 [was not able to load](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/934) musllinux wheels. This has been fixed; please upgrade the python package if using Alpine from before the fix.</sup><br>
 <sup>⁴ Cross-compilation not supported with PyPy - to build these wheels you need to run cibuildwheel on an Apple Silicon machine.</sup><br>
-<sup>⁵ CPython 3.12 is available using the [CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) option.</sup><br>
+<sup>⁵ CPython 3.12 is built by default using Python RCs, starting with cibuildwheel 2.15.</sup><br>
 
 - Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+, and Windows wheels for CPython and PyPy
 - Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
@@ -91,13 +91,13 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macOS-11]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       # Used to host cibuildwheel
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
 
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
 
       - name: Build wheels
         run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -163,12 +163,12 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
-| [Tornado][]                       | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
-| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
+| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an in-process SQL OLAP Database Management System |
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
-[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
+[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
 
 [appveyor icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/appveyor.svg
@@ -213,6 +213,31 @@ Changelog
 
 <!-- this section was generated by bin/update_readme_changelog.py -- do not edit manually -->
 
+### v2.16.0
+
+_18 September 2023_
+
+- ✨ Add the ability to pass additional flags to a build frontend through the [CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) option (#1588).
+- ✨ The environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is now automatically passed through to container Linux builds (useful for [reproducible builds](https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/source-date-epoch/)!) (#1589)
+- 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0rc2 (#1604)
+- 🐛 Fix `requires_python` auto-detection from setup.py when the call to `setup()` is within an `if __name__ == "__main__" block (#1613)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that prevented building Linux wheels in Docker on a Windows host (#1573)
+- 🐛 `--only` can now select prerelease-pythons (#1564)
+- 📚 Docs & examples updates (#1582, #1593, #1598, #1615)
+
+### v2.15.0
+
+_8 August 2023_
+
+- 🌟 CPython 3.12 wheels are now built by default - without the CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS flag. It's time to build and upload these wheels to PyPI! This release includes CPython 3.12.0rc1, which is guaranteed to be ABI compatible with the final release. (#1565)
+- ✨ Adds musllinux_1_2 support - this allows packagers to build for musl-based Linux distributions on a more recent Alpine image, and a newer musl libc. (#1561)
+
+### v2.14.1
+
+_15 July 2023_
+
+- 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0b4 (#1550)
+
 ### v2.14.0
 
 _10 July 2023_
@@ -230,30 +255,6 @@ _10 June 2023_
 - 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0b2. (#1516)
 - 🛠 Adds a moving `v<major>.<minor>` tag for use in GitHub Actions workflow files. If you use this, you'll get the latest patch release within a minor version. Additionally, Dependabot won't send you PRs for patch releases. (#1517)
 
-### v2.13.0
-
-_28 May 2023_
-
-- ✨ Adds CPython 3.12 support, under the prerelease flag [CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons). This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.12.0b1.
-
-    While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.12 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag. (#1507)
-
-- ✨ Adds the ability to pass arguments to the container engine when the container is created, using the [CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) option. (#1499)
-
-### v2.12.3
-
-_19 April 2023_
-
-- 🐛 Fix an import error when running on Python 3.7. (#1479)
-
-### v2.12.2
-
-_18 April 2023_
-
-- 🐛 Fix a bug that caused an extra empty config-setting to be passed to the backend when CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND is set to `build`. (#1474)
-- 🐛 Fix a crash that occurred when overwriting an existing wheel on Windows. (#1464)
-- 🛠 Pinned version updates, including CPython 3.10.11, 3.11.3, pip 23.1 and wheel 0.40.0.
-
 <!-- END bin/update_readme_changelog.py -->
 
 ---

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+pr:
+  paths:
+    exclude:
+      - docs/*
+      - .pre-commit-config.yaml
+
 jobs:
 - job: linux_38
   timeoutInMinutes: 120

bin/bump_version.py

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
         print(e)
         print("Failed to get previous version tag information.")
 
-    git_changes_result = subprocess.run(["git diff-index --quiet HEAD --"], shell=True)
+    git_changes_result = subprocess.run(["git diff-index --quiet HEAD --"], shell=True, check=False)
     repo_has_uncommitted_changes = git_changes_result.returncode != 0
 
     if repo_has_uncommitted_changes:
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
             "pre-commit",
             "run",
             "--files=docs/changelog.md",
-        ]
+        ],
+        check=False,
     )
 
     # run pre-commit to check that no errors occurred on the second run

bin/make_dependency_update_pr.py

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ from subprocess import run
 import click
 
 
-def shell(cmd, **kwargs):
-    return run([cmd], shell=True, **kwargs)
+def shell(cmd, *, check: bool, **kwargs):
+    return run([cmd], shell=True, check=check, **kwargs)
 
 
 def git_repo_has_changes():
-    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --").returncode != 0
-    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --").returncode != 0
+    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
+    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
     return unstaged_changes or staged_changes
 
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def main():
         print("Done.")
     finally:
         # remove any local changes
-        shell("git checkout -- .")
+        shell("git checkout -- .", check=True)
         shell(f"git checkout {previous_branch}", check=True)
         shell(f"git branch -D --force {branch_name}", check=True)
 

bin/run_example_ci_configs.py

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ from urllib.parse import quote
 import click
 
 
-def shell(cmd, **kwargs):
-    return run([cmd], shell=True, **kwargs)
+def shell(cmd, *, check: bool, **kwargs):
+    return run([cmd], shell=True, check=check, **kwargs)
 
 
 def git_repo_has_changes():
-    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --").returncode != 0
-    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --").returncode != 0
+    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
+    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
     return unstaged_changes or staged_changes
 
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
     finally:
         # remove any local changes
         shutil.rmtree(example_project, ignore_errors=True)
-        shell("git checkout -- .")
+        shell("git checkout -- .", check=True)
         shell(f"git checkout {previous_branch}", check=True)
         shell(f"git branch -D --force {branch_name}", check=True)
 

bin/sample_build.py

@@ -24,4 +24,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         check=True,
     )
 
-    sys.exit(subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-m", "cibuildwheel"], cwd=project_dir).returncode)
+    sys.exit(
+        subprocess.run(
+            [sys.executable, "-m", "cibuildwheel"], cwd=project_dir, check=False
+        ).returncode
+    )

bin/update_docker.py

@@ -59,6 +59,12 @@ images = [
     Image("musllinux_1_1", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64", None),
     Image("musllinux_1_1", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le", None),
     Image("musllinux_1_1", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x", None),
+    # musllinux_1_2 images
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x", None),
 ]
 
 config = configparser.ConfigParser()

bin/update_how_it_works_image.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ except ImportError:
 
 
 def main():
-    subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build"])
+    subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build"], check=True)
 
     hti = Html2Image(custom_flags=["--force-device-scale-factor=2"])
 

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-__version__ = "2.14.0"
+__version__ = "2.16.0"

cibuildwheel/_compat/tomllib.py

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import sys
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
-    from tomllib import load  # noqa: TID251
+    from tomllib import load
 else:
-    from tomli import load  # noqa: TID251
+    from tomli import load
 
 __all__ = ("load",)

cibuildwheel/_compat/typing.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import sys
 if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
     from typing_extensions import NotRequired, assert_never
 else:
-    from typing import NotRequired, assert_never  # noqa: TID251
+    from typing import NotRequired, assert_never
 
 __all__ = (
     "assert_never",

cibuildwheel/linux.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ from .options import Options
 from .typing import PathOrStr
 from .util import (
     AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
-    build_frontend_or_default,
     find_compatible_wheel,
     get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
     prepare_command,
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ def build_in_container(
     for config in platform_configs:
         log.build_start(config.identifier)
         build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-        build_frontend = build_frontend_or_default(build_options.build_frontend)
+        build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
 
         dependency_constraint_flags: list[PathOrStr] = []
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def build_in_container(
             constraints_file = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
                 config.version
             )
-            container_constraints_file = PurePath("/constraints.txt")
+            container_constraints_file = PurePosixPath("/constraints.txt")
 
             container.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
             dependency_constraint_flags = ["-c", container_constraints_file]
@@ -243,9 +243,10 @@ def build_in_container(
             container.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
             container.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
 
-            extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, build_frontend)
+            extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name)
+            extra_flags += build_frontend.args
 
-            if build_frontend == "pip":
+            if build_frontend.name == "pip":
                 extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                 container.call(
                     [
@@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ def build_in_container(
                     ],
                     env=env,
                 )
-            elif build_frontend == "build":
+            elif build_frontend.name == "build":
                 if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
                     msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
                     log.warning(msg)

cibuildwheel/macos.py

@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ from .typing import PathOrStr
 from .util import (
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
     AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
-    BuildFrontend,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildFrontendName,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
-    build_frontend_or_default,
     call,
     detect_ci_provider,
     download,
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def setup_python(
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
     dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontend,
+    build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
 ) -> dict[str, str]:
     tmp.mkdir()
     implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_frontend_or_default(build_options.build_frontend)
+            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
             identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 config,
                 dependency_constraint_flags,
                 build_options.environment,
-                build_frontend,
+                build_frontend.name,
             )
 
             compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
@@ -378,9 +378,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 log.step("Building wheel...")
                 built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
-                extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, build_frontend)
+                extra_flags = split_config_settings(
+                    build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name
+                )
+                extra_flags += build_frontend.args
 
-                if build_frontend == "pip":
+                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
                     extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                     # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                     # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
@@ -395,7 +398,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         *extra_flags,
                         env=env,
                     )
-                elif build_frontend == "build":
+                elif build_frontend.name == "build":
                     if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
                         msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
                         log.warning(msg)

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_config_string(config_string: str) -> OCIContainerEngineConfig:
-        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, ["name"])
+        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(
+            config_string, ["name"], ["create_args", "create-args"]
+        )
         name = " ".join(config_dict["name"])
         if name not in {"docker", "podman"}:
             msg = f"unknown container engine {name}"
@@ -115,6 +117,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
                 self.engine.name,
                 "create",
                 "--env=CIBUILDWHEEL",
+                "--env=SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH",
                 f"--name={self.name}",
                 "--interactive",
                 "--volume=/:/host",  # ignored on CircleCI

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from .typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
 from .util import (
     MANYLINUX_ARCHS,
     MUSLLINUX_ARCHS,
-    BuildFrontend,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
     BuildSelector,
     DependencyConstraints,
     TestSelector,
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class BuildOptions:
     test_requires: list[str]
     test_extras: str
     build_verbosity: int
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontend | Literal["default"]
+    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig | None
     config_settings: str
 
     @property
@@ -450,6 +450,7 @@ class Options:
             build_config = args.only
             skip_config = ""
             architectures = Architecture.all_archs(self.platform)
+            prerelease_pythons = True
 
         build_selector = BuildSelector(
             build_config=build_config,
@@ -487,7 +488,6 @@ class Options:
         with self.reader.identifier(identifier):
             before_all = self.reader.get("before-all", sep=" && ")
 
-            build_frontend_str = self.reader.get("build-frontend", env_plat=False)
             environment_config = self.reader.get(
                 "environment", table={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "}
             )
@@ -505,17 +505,20 @@ class Options:
             test_extras = self.reader.get("test-extras", sep=",")
             build_verbosity_str = self.reader.get("build-verbosity")
 
-            build_frontend: BuildFrontend | Literal["default"]
-            if build_frontend_str == "build":
-                build_frontend = "build"
-            elif build_frontend_str == "pip":
-                build_frontend = "pip"
-            elif build_frontend_str == "default":
-                build_frontend = "default"
+            build_frontend_str = self.reader.get(
+                "build-frontend",
+                env_plat=False,
+                table={"item": "{k}:{v}", "sep": "; ", "quote": shlex.quote},
+            )
+            build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig | None
+            if not build_frontend_str or build_frontend_str == "default":
+                build_frontend = None
             else:
-                msg = f"cibuildwheel: Unrecognised build frontend {build_frontend_str!r}, only 'pip' and 'build' are supported"
-                print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
-                sys.exit(2)
+                try:
+                    build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig.from_config_string(build_frontend_str)
+                except ValueError as e:
+                    print(f"cibuildwheel: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+                    sys.exit(2)
 
             try:
                 environment = parse_environment(environment_config)

cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py

@@ -8,6 +8,43 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from ._compat import tomllib
 
 
+def get_parent(node: ast.AST | None, depth: int = 1) -> ast.AST | None:
+    for _ in range(depth):
+        node = getattr(node, "parent", None)
+    return node
+
+
+def is_main(parent: ast.AST | None) -> bool:
+    if parent is None:
+        return False
+
+    # This would be much nicer with 3.10's pattern matching!
+    if not isinstance(parent, ast.If):
+        return False
+    if not isinstance(parent.test, ast.Compare):
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        (op,) = parent.test.ops
+        (comp,) = parent.test.comparators
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+
+    if not isinstance(op, ast.Eq):
+        return False
+
+    values = {comp, parent.test.left}
+
+    mains = {x for x in values if isinstance(x, ast.Constant) and x.value == "__main__"}
+    if len(mains) != 1:
+        return False
+    consts = {x for x in values if isinstance(x, ast.Name) and x.id == "__name__"}
+    if len(consts) != 1:
+        return False
+
+    return True
+
+
 class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.requires_python: str | None = None
@@ -19,13 +56,22 @@ class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
         super().visit(node)
 
     def visit_keyword(self, node: ast.keyword) -> None:
+        # Must not be nested except for if __name__ == "__main__"
+
         self.generic_visit(node)
-        # Must not be nested in an if or other structure
         # This will be Module -> Expr -> Call -> keyword
+        parent = get_parent(node, 4)
+        unnested = parent is None
+
+        # This will be Module -> If -> Expr -> Call -> keyword
+        name_main_unnested = (
+            parent is not None and get_parent(parent) is None and is_main(get_parent(node, 3))
+        )
+
         if (
             node.arg == "python_requires"
-            and not hasattr(node.parent.parent.parent, "parent")  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
             and isinstance(node.value, ast.Constant)
+            and (unnested or name_main_unnested)
         ):
             self.requires_python = node.value.value
 

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.11/python-3.10.11-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.11/python-3.10.11-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.11/python-3.10.11-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.4/python-3.11.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.4/python-3.11.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_universal2", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.4/python-3.11.4-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.0/python-3.12.0b3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.0/python-3.12.0b3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.0/python-3.12.0b3-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.5/python-3.11.5-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.5/python-3.11.5-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_universal2", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.5/python-3.11.5-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.0/python-3.12.0rc2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.0/python-3.12.0rc2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.0/python-3.12.0rc2-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
@@ -124,14 +124,14 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.13", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.11", arch = "32" },
   { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.4", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.4", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.0-b3", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.0-b3", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.5", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.5", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.0-rc2", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.0-rc2", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.4", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.0-b3", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.5", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.0-rc2", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.12-win64.zip" },

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
+distlib==0.3.7
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.12.2
+filelock==3.12.4
     # via virtualenv
 packaging==23.1
     # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.8.1
+platformdirs==3.10.0
     # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.7.1
+typing-extensions==4.8.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.23.1
+virtualenv==20.24.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+wheel==0.41.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1.2
+pip==23.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==68.0.0
+setuptools==68.2.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python311.txt

@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
+distlib==0.3.7
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.12.2
+filelock==3.12.4
     # via virtualenv
 packaging==23.1
     # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.8.1
+platformdirs==3.10.0
     # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.7.1
+typing-extensions==4.8.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.23.1
+virtualenv==20.24.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+wheel==0.41.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1.2
+pip==23.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==68.0.0
+setuptools==68.2.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python312.txt

@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
+distlib==0.3.7
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.12.2
+filelock==3.12.4
     # via virtualenv
 packaging==23.1
     # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.8.1
+platformdirs==3.10.0
     # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.7.1
+typing-extensions==4.8.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.23.1
+virtualenv==20.24.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+wheel==0.41.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1.2
+pip==23.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==68.0.0
+setuptools==68.2.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python37.txt

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
+distlib==0.3.7
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.12.2
     # via virtualenv
@@ -14,22 +14,22 @@ importlib-metadata==6.7.0
     # via virtualenv
 packaging==23.1
     # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.8.1
+platformdirs==3.10.0
     # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.7.1
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   importlib-metadata
     #   platformdirs
-virtualenv==20.23.1
+virtualenv==20.24.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+wheel==0.41.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.15.0
     # via importlib-metadata
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1.2
+pip==23.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 setuptools==68.0.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python38.txt

@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
+distlib==0.3.7
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.12.2
+filelock==3.12.4
     # via virtualenv
 packaging==23.1
     # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.8.1
+platformdirs==3.10.0
     # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.7.1
+typing-extensions==4.8.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.23.1
+virtualenv==20.24.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+wheel==0.41.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1.2
+pip==23.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==68.0.0
+setuptools==68.2.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
+distlib==0.3.7
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.12.2
+filelock==3.12.4
     # via virtualenv
 packaging==23.1
     # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.8.1
+platformdirs==3.10.0
     # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.7.1
+typing-extensions==4.8.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.23.1
+virtualenv==20.24.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+wheel==0.41.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1.2
+pip==23.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==68.0.0
+setuptools==68.2.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@
 #
 delocate==0.10.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
+distlib==0.3.7
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.12.2
+filelock==3.12.4
     # via virtualenv
 packaging==23.1
     # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.8.1
+platformdirs==3.10.0
     # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.7.1
+typing-extensions==4.8.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.23.1
+virtualenv==20.24.5
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+wheel==0.41.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1.2
+pip==23.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==68.0.0
+setuptools==68.2.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,49 +1,54 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2023-06-25-d2e0575
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2023-09-12-f07b683
 manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2023-07-06-73b0312
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2023-09-17-ae90a16
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2023-09-17-ae90a16
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 
 [i686]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2023-06-25-d2e0575
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2023-09-12-f07b683
 manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-12-26-0d38463
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2023-07-06-73b0312
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2023-09-17-ae90a16
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
 manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 
 [pypy_i686]
 manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-12-26-0d38463
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2023-07-06-73b0312
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2023-09-17-ae90a16
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2023-09-17-ae90a16
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2023-07-06-73b0312
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2023-09-17-ae90a16
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2023-09-17-ae90a16
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2023-07-06-73b0312
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2023-09-17-ae90a16
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2023-09-17-ae90a16
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2023-07-06-73b0312
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2023-09-17-ae90a16
 

cibuildwheel/util.py

@@ -57,16 +57,6 @@ install_certifi_script: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
 
 test_fail_cwd_file: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "testing_temp_dir_file.py"
 
-BuildFrontend = Literal["pip", "build"]
-
-
-def build_frontend_or_default(
-    setting: BuildFrontend | Literal["default"], default: BuildFrontend = "pip"
-) -> BuildFrontend:
-    if setting == "default":
-        return default
-    return setting
-
 
 MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
     "x86_64",
@@ -250,7 +240,7 @@ class BuildSelector:
     requires_python: SpecifierSet | None = None
 
     # a pattern that skips prerelease versions, when include_prereleases is False.
-    PRERELEASE_SKIP: ClassVar[str] = "cp312-*"
+    PRERELEASE_SKIP: ClassVar[str] = ""
     prerelease_pythons: bool = False
 
     def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -376,6 +366,34 @@ class DependencyConstraints:
             return self.base_file_path.name
 
 
+BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build"]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildFrontendConfig:
+    name: BuildFrontendName
+    args: Sequence[str] = ()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_config_string(config_string: str) -> BuildFrontendConfig:
+        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, ["name"], ["args"])
+        name = " ".join(config_dict["name"])
+        if name not in {"pip", "build"}:
+            msg = f"Unrecognised build frontend {name}, only 'pip' and 'build' are supported"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        name = typing.cast(BuildFrontendName, name)
+
+        args = config_dict.get("args") or []
+        return BuildFrontendConfig(name=name, args=args)
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
+        if not self.args:
+            return self.name
+        else:
+            return {"name": self.name, "args": repr(self.args)}
+
+
 class NonPlatformWheelError(Exception):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         message = textwrap.dedent(
@@ -699,13 +717,19 @@ def fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions(text: str) -> str:
 
 
 def parse_key_value_string(
-    key_value_string: str, positional_arg_names: list[str] | None = None
+    key_value_string: str,
+    positional_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    kw_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
 ) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
     """
     Parses a string like "docker; create_args: --some-option=value another-option"
     """
     if positional_arg_names is None:
         positional_arg_names = []
+    if kw_arg_names is None:
+        kw_arg_names = []
+
+    all_field_names = [*positional_arg_names, *kw_arg_names]
 
     shlexer = shlex.shlex(key_value_string, posix=True, punctuation_chars=";:")
     shlexer.commenters = ""
@@ -721,6 +745,9 @@ def parse_key_value_string(
         if len(field) > 1 and field[1] == ":":
             field_name = field[0]
             values = field[2:]
+            if field_name not in all_field_names:
+                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Unknown field name {field_name!r}"
+                raise ValueError(msg)
         else:
             try:
                 field_name = positional_arg_names[field_i]

cibuildwheel/windows.py

@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ from .typing import PathOrStr
 from .util import (
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
     AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
-    BuildFrontend,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildFrontendName,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
-    build_frontend_or_default,
     call,
     download,
     find_compatible_wheel,
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ def setup_python(
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
     dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontend,
+    build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
 ) -> dict[str, str]:
     tmp.mkdir()
     implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_frontend_or_default(build_options.build_frontend)
+            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
             identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 config,
                 dependency_constraint_flags,
                 build_options.environment,
-                build_frontend,
+                build_frontend.name,
             )
 
             compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
@@ -414,9 +414,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 log.step("Building wheel...")
                 built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
-                extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, build_frontend)
+                extra_flags = split_config_settings(
+                    build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name
+                )
+                extra_flags += build_frontend.args
 
-                if build_frontend == "pip":
+                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
                     extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                     # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                     # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
@@ -431,7 +434,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         *extra_flags,
                         env=env,
                     )
-                elif build_frontend == "build":
+                elif build_frontend.name == "build":
                     if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
                         msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
                         log.warning(msg)

docs/changelog.md

@@ -4,6 +4,31 @@ title: Changelog
 
 # Changelog
 
+### v2.16.0
+
+_18 September 2023_
+
+- ✨ Add the ability to pass additional flags to a build frontend through the [CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) option (#1588).
+- ✨ The environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is now automatically passed through to container Linux builds (useful for [reproducible builds](https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/source-date-epoch/)!) (#1589)
+- 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0rc2 (#1604)
+- 🐛 Fix `requires_python` auto-detection from setup.py when the call to `setup()` is within an `if __name__ == "__main__" block (#1613)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that prevented building Linux wheels in Docker on a Windows host (#1573)
+- 🐛 `--only` can now select prerelease-pythons (#1564)
+- 📚 Docs & examples updates (#1582, #1593, #1598, #1615)
+
+### v2.15.0
+
+_8 August 2023_
+
+- 🌟 CPython 3.12 wheels are now built by default - without the CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS flag. It's time to build and upload these wheels to PyPI! This release includes CPython 3.12.0rc1, which is guaranteed to be ABI compatible with the final release. (#1565)
+- ✨ Adds musllinux_1_2 support - this allows packagers to build for musl-based Linux distributions on a more recent Alpine image, and a newer musl libc. (#1561)
+
+### v2.14.1
+
+_15 July 2023_
+
+- 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0b4 (#1550)
+
 ### v2.14.0
 
 _10 July 2023_

docs/data/projects.yml

@@ -413,8 +413,9 @@
 
 - name: Tornado
   gh: tornadoweb/tornado
-  ci: [travisci]
-  os: [apple, linux]
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [linux, apple, windows]
+  notes: Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension.
 
 - name: pytorch-fairseq
   gh: pytorch/fairseq

docs/deliver-to-pypi.md

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ well as several useful actions. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuild
     name: Make SDist
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0  # Optional, use if you use setuptools_scm
         submodules: true  # Optional, use if you have submodules

docs/faq.md

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
 
 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.14.0
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.16.0
 ```
 
 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `
 
 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+cibuildwheel==2.16.0
 ```
 
 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to use pipx:
 # most runners have pipx preinstalled, but in case you don't
 python3 -m pip install pipx
 
-pipx run cibuildwheel==2.14.0 --output-dir wheelhouse
+pipx run cibuildwheel==2.16.0 --output-dir wheelhouse
 pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 

docs/options.md

@@ -504,9 +504,19 @@ This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line) `--pr
 ### `CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND` {: #build-frontend}
 > Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now) or "build"
 
-Choose which build backend to use. Can either be "pip", which will run
+Options:
+
+- `pip[;args: ...]`
+- `build[;args: ...]`
+
+Default: `pip`
+
+Choose which build frontend to use. Can either be "pip", which will run
 `python -m pip wheel`, or "build", which will run `python -m build --wheel`.
 
+You can specify extra arguments to pass to `pip wheel` or `build` using the
+optional `args` option.
+
 !!! tip
     Until v2.0.0, [pip] was the only way to build wheels, and is still the
     default. However, we expect that at some point in the future, cibuildwheel
@@ -526,6 +536,9 @@ Choose which build backend to use. Can either be "pip", which will run
 
     # Ensure pip is used even if the default changes in the future
     CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: "pip"
+
+    # supply an extra argument to 'pip wheel'
+    CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: "pip; args: --no-build-isolation"
     ```
 
 !!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
@@ -537,6 +550,9 @@ Choose which build backend to use. Can either be "pip", which will run
 
     # Ensure pip is used even if the default changes in the future
     build-frontend = "pip"
+
+    # supply an extra argument to 'pip wheel'
+    build-frontend = { name = "pip", args = ["--no-build-isolation"] }
     ```
 
 ### `CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS` {: #config-settings}
@@ -664,6 +680,9 @@ A list of environment variables to pass into the linux container during the buil
 
 To specify more than one environment variable, separate the variable names by spaces.
 
+!!! note
+    cibuildwheel automatically passes the environment variable [`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH`](https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/source-date-epoch/) if defined.
+
 #### Examples
 
 !!! tab examples "Environment passthrough"
@@ -981,7 +1000,7 @@ Set an alternative Docker image to be used for building [manylinux / musllinux](
 For `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010`, `manylinux2014`, `manylinux_2_24` or `manylinux_2_28` to use a pinned version of the [official manylinux images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name. For PyPy, the `manylinux1` image is not available. For architectures other
 than x86 (x86\_64 and i686) `manylinux2014`, `manylinux_2_24` or `manylinux_2_28` must be used, because the first version of the manylinux specification that supports additional architectures is `manylinux2014`. `manylinux_2_28` is not supported for `i686` architecture.
 
-For `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `musllinux_1_1` to use a pinned version of the [official musllinux images](https://github.com/pypa/musllinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name.
+For `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `musllinux_1_1` or `musllinux_1_2` to use a pinned version of the [official musllinux images](https://github.com/pypa/musllinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name.
 
 If this option is blank, it will fall though to the next available definition (environment variable -> pyproject.toml -> default).
 
@@ -1345,11 +1364,11 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 > Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require`
 
 List of
-[extras_require](https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html#declaring-extras-optional-features-with-their-own-dependencies)
+[extras_require](https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/dependency_management.html#declaring-required-dependency)
 options that should be included when installing the wheel prior to running the
 tests. This can be used to avoid having to redefine test dependencies in
-`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES` if they are already defined in `setup.py` or
-`setup.cfg`.
+`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES` if they are already defined in `pyproject.toml`,
+`setup.cfg` or `setup.py`.
 
 Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_LINUX`

docs/setup.md

@@ -181,10 +181,10 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
             os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
 
         steps:
-          - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+          - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
           - name: Build wheels
-            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.16.0
 
           - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
             with:
@@ -213,13 +213,13 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
             os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
 
         steps:
-          - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+          - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
           # Used to host cibuildwheel
           - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
 
           - name: Install cibuildwheel
-            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
 
           - name: Build wheels
             run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse

docs/working-examples.md

@@ -11,19 +11,19 @@ title: Working examples
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
-| [Tornado][]                       | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
-| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
+| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an in-process SQL OLAP Database Management System |
 | [MemRay][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Memray is a memory profiler for Python |
 | [uvloop][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast asyncio event loop. |
 | [psutil][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python |
+| [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |
 | [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
 | [Google Benchmark][]              | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A microbenchmark support library |
-| [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |
 | [Apache Beam][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Apache Beam is a unified programming model for Batch and Streaming data processing. |
 | [PyGame][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🐍🎮 pygame (the library) is a Free and Open Source python programming language library for making multimedia applications like games built on top of the excellent SDL library. C, Python, Native, OpenGL. |
 | [asyncpg][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio. |
@@ -40,44 +40,44 @@ title: Working examples
 | [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] ![circleci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy. ARM wheels for linux are built natively on CircleCI.  |
 | [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
 | [Implicit][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes GPU support for linux wheels |
-| [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
 | [Dependency Injector][]           | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Dependency injection framework for Python, uses Windows TravisCI |
+| [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
 | [tinyobjloader][]                 | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tiny but powerful single file wavefront obj loader |
 | [coverage.py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The coverage tool for Python |
 | [PyCryptodome][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A self-contained cryptographic library for Python |
 | [PyYAML][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] | Canonical source repository for PyYAML |
-| [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, PyTables, pandas, bcolz and more |
 | [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
+| [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, PyTables, pandas, bcolz and more |
 | [PyAV][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries. |
 | [h5py][]                          | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | HDF5 for Python -- The h5py package is a Pythonic interface to the HDF5 binary data format. |
 | [Wrapt][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python module for decorators, wrappers and monkey patching. |
-| [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by qpdf |
-| [envd][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | 🏕️ Reproducible development environment for AI/ML |
+| [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures. |
+| [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by QPDF |
+| [envd][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | 🏕️ Reproducible development environment |
 | [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
 | [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
 | [aioquic][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | QUIC and HTTP/3 implementation in Python |
 | [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
 | [OpenTimelineIO][]                | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Open Source API and interchange format for editorial timeline information. |
 | [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
-| [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures. |
 | [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
 | [Parselmouth][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python interface to the Praat software package, using pybind11, C++17 and CMake, with the core Praat static library built only once and shared between wheels. |
-| [DeepForest][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | An Efficient, Scalable and Optimized Python Framework for Deep Forest (2021.2.1) |
 | [google neuroglancer][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebGL-based viewer for volumetric data |
+| [DeepForest][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | An Efficient, Scalable and Optimized Python Framework for Deep Forest (2021.2.1) |
 | [AutoPy][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [H3-py][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for H3, a hierarchical hexagonal geospatial indexing system |
+| [mosec][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A high-performance ML model serving framework, offers dynamic batching and CPU/GPU pipelines to fully exploit your compute machine |
 | [Rtree][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Rtree: spatial index for Python GIS ¶ |
-| [markupsafe][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup. |
-| [mosec][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A high-performance serving framework for ML models, offers dynamic batching and multi-stage pipeline to fully exploit your compute machine |
 | [Picologging][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A high-performance logging library for Python. |
+| [markupsafe][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup. |
 | [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
+| [time-machine][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Time mocking library using only the CPython C API. |
 | [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
 | [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
-| [time-machine][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Time mocking library using only the CPython C API. |
 | [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
 | [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
-| [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
 | [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
+| [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
 | [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
 | [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
 | [matrixprofile][]                 | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python 3 library making time series data mining tasks, utilizing matrix profile algorithms, accessible to everyone. |
@@ -121,15 +121,15 @@ title: Working examples
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
-[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
+[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
 [MemRay]: https://github.com/bloomberg/memray
 [uvloop]: https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop
 [psutil]: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
+[Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton
 [vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
 [Google Benchmark]: https://github.com/google/benchmark
-[Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton
 [Apache Beam]: https://github.com/apache/beam
 [PyGame]: https://github.com/pygame/pygame
 [asyncpg]: https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg
@@ -146,17 +146,18 @@ title: Working examples
 [pyzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq
 [Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
 [Implicit]: https://github.com/benfred/implicit
-[vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
 [Dependency Injector]: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
+[vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
 [tinyobjloader]: https://github.com/tinyobjloader/tinyobjloader
 [coverage.py]: https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy
 [PyCryptodome]: https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome
 [PyYAML]: https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
-[numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
 [Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
+[numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
 [PyAV]: https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV
 [h5py]: https://github.com/h5py/h5py
 [Wrapt]: https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
+[CTranslate2]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/CTranslate2
 [pikepdf]: https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf
 [envd]: https://github.com/tensorchord/envd
 [SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
@@ -165,25 +166,24 @@ title: Working examples
 [ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
 [OpenTimelineIO]: https://github.com/PixarAnimationStudios/OpenTimelineIO
 [PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
-[CTranslate2]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/CTranslate2
 [Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
 [Parselmouth]: https://github.com/YannickJadoul/Parselmouth
-[DeepForest]: https://github.com/LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
 [google neuroglancer]: https://github.com/google/neuroglancer
+[DeepForest]: https://github.com/LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
 [AutoPy]: https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy
 [H3-py]: https://github.com/uber/h3-py
-[Rtree]: https://github.com/Toblerity/rtree
-[markupsafe]: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
 [mosec]: https://github.com/mosecorg/mosec
+[Rtree]: https://github.com/Toblerity/rtree
 [Picologging]: https://github.com/microsoft/picologging
+[markupsafe]: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
 [pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
+[time-machine]: https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine
 [KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
 [python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
-[time-machine]: https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine
 [python-snappy]: https://github.com/andrix/python-snappy
 [tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
-[pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
 [dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
+[pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
 [sourmash]: https://github.com/dib-lab/sourmash
 [cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
 [matrixprofile]: https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile

examples/appveyor-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ stack: python 3.7
 init:
 - cmd: set PATH=C:\Python37;C:\Python37\Scripts;%PATH%
 
-install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
 
 build_script: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
 

examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+        pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels

examples/circleci-minimal.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux wheels.
           command: |
-            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.16.0
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux aarch64 wheels.
           command: |
-            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==2.16.0
             python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the OS X wheels.
           command: |
-            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/

examples/cirrus-ci-intel-mac.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
   install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
   run_cibuildwheel_script:
     - cibuildwheel
   wheels_artifacts:

examples/cirrus-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
   install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
   run_cibuildwheel_script:
     - cibuildwheel
   wheels_artifacts:

examples/github-apple-silicon.yml

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ jobs:
     name: Build wheels on macos-11
     runs-on: macos-11
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.14.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.16.0
         env:
           CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 arm64
 

examples/github-deploy.yml

@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-22.04, windows-2022, macos-11]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.14.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.16.0
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build source distribution
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Build sdist
         run: pipx run build --sdist
@@ -60,4 +60,4 @@ jobs:
 
       - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
         with:
-          # To test: repository_url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
+          # To test: repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/

examples/github-minimal.yml

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.14.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.16.0
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
         #    ...

examples/github-with-qemu.yml

@@ -11,16 +11,16 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
         with:
           platforms: all
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.14.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.16.0
         env:
           # configure cibuildwheel to build native archs ('auto'), and some
           # emulated ones

examples/gitlab-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ linux:
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:
     paths:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ windows:
   before_script:
     - choco install python -y --version 3.8.6
     - choco install git.install -y
-    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
   script:
     - py -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform windows
   artifacts:

examples/gitlab-with-qemu.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ linux:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
     # Warning: This is extremely slow, be careful with how many wheels you build
     - docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
     # Assuming your CI runner's default architecture is x86_64...
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform linux --archs aarch64
   artifacts:

examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
         - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
 
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
 
 script:
   # build the wheels, put them into './dist'

examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
         - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
 
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0
 
 script:
   # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'

examples/travis-ci-test-and-deploy.yml

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
     - stage: deploy
       name: Build and deploy Linux wheels
       services: docker
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0 twine
       script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
     # Deploy on windows
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
       name: Build and deploy Windows wheels
       os: windows
       language: shell
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.14.0 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.16.0 twine
       script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -161,3 +161,4 @@ flake8-unused-arguments.ignore-variadic-names = true
 
 [tool.ruff.per-file-ignores]
 "unit_test/*" = ["PLC1901"]
+"cibuildwheel/_compat/**.py" = ["TID251"]

setup.cfg

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [metadata]
 name = cibuildwheel
-version = 2.14.0
+version = 2.16.0
 description = Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration.
 long_description = file: README.md
 long_description_content_type = text/markdown

test/conftest.py

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import json
+import subprocess
+from typing import Generator
+
 import pytest
 
+from cibuildwheel.util import detect_ci_provider
+
+from .utils import platform
+
 
 def pytest_addoption(parser) -> None:
     parser.addoption(
@@ -21,3 +29,29 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser) -> None:
 )
 def build_frontend_env(request) -> dict[str, str]:
     return request.param  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def docker_cleanup() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    def get_images() -> set[str]:
+        images = subprocess.run(
+            ["docker", "image", "ls", "--format", "{{json .ID}}"],
+            text=True,
+            check=True,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        ).stdout
+        return {json.loads(image.strip()) for image in images.splitlines() if image.strip()}
+
+    if detect_ci_provider() is None or platform != "linux":
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            pass
+        return
+    images_before = get_images()
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        images_after = get_images()
+        for image in images_after - images_before:
+            subprocess.run(["docker", "rmi", image], check=False)

test/test_build_frontend_args.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import subprocess
+
+import pytest
+
+from . import utils
+from .test_projects.c import new_c_project
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("frontend_name", ["pip", "build"])
+def test_build_frontend_args(tmp_path, capfd, frontend_name):
+    project = new_c_project()
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    # the build will fail because the frontend is called with '-h' - it prints the help message
+    with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+        utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+            project_dir,
+            add_env={
+                "CIBW_BUILD": "cp311-*",
+                "CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": f"{frontend_name}; args: -h",
+            },
+        )
+
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+    print(captured.out)
+
+    # check that the help message was printed
+    if frontend_name == "pip":
+        assert "Usage:" in captured.out
+        assert "Wheel Options:" in captured.out
+    else:
+        assert "usage:" in captured.out
+        assert "A simple, correct Python build frontend." in captured.out

test/test_container_images.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ dockcross_only_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
 )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("docker_cleanup")
 def test(tmp_path):
     if utils.platform != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")

test/test_manylinuxXXXX_only.py

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ project_with_manylinux_symbols = test_projects.new_c_project(
     "manylinux_image",
     ["manylinux1", "manylinux2010", "manylinux2014", "manylinux_2_24", "manylinux_2_28"],
 )
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("docker_cleanup")
 def test(manylinux_image, tmp_path):
     if utils.platform != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the container image test is only relevant to the linux build")

test/test_musllinux_X_Y_only.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import textwrap
+
+import pytest
+
+from . import test_projects, utils
+
+project_with_manylinux_symbols = test_projects.new_c_project(
+    spam_c_top_level_add=textwrap.dedent(
+        r"""
+        #include <stdlib.h>
+
+        #if defined(__GLIBC_PREREQ)
+        #error "Must not run on a glibc linux environment"
+        #endif
+        """
+    ),
+    spam_c_function_add=textwrap.dedent(
+        r"""
+        sts = 0;
+        """
+    ),
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "musllinux_image",
+    ["musllinux_1_1", "musllinux_1_2"],
+)
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("docker_cleanup")
+def test(musllinux_image, tmp_path):
+    if utils.platform != "linux":
+        pytest.skip("the container image test is only relevant to the linux build")
+
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    project_with_manylinux_symbols.generate(project_dir)
+
+    # build the wheels
+    add_env = {
+        "CIBW_BUILD": "*-musllinux*",
+        "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE": musllinux_image,
+        "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_I686_IMAGE": musllinux_image,
+        "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE": musllinux_image,
+        "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_PPC64LE_IMAGE": musllinux_image,
+        "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_S390X_IMAGE": musllinux_image,
+    }
+
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env=add_env)
+    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels(
+        "spam",
+        "0.1.0",
+        manylinux_versions=[],
+        musllinux_versions=[musllinux_image],
+    )
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)

test/utils.py

@@ -205,13 +205,14 @@ def expected_wheels(
             if machine_arch == "x86_64":
                 architectures.append("i686")
 
-            platform_tags = [
-                ".".join(
-                    f"{manylinux_version}_{architecture}"
-                    for manylinux_version in manylinux_versions
-                )
-                for architecture in architectures
-            ]
+            if len(manylinux_versions) > 0:
+                platform_tags = [
+                    ".".join(
+                        f"{manylinux_version}_{architecture}"
+                        for manylinux_version in manylinux_versions
+                    )
+                    for architecture in architectures
+                ]
             if len(musllinux_versions) > 0 and not python_abi_tag.startswith("pp"):
                 platform_tags.extend(
                     [

unit_test/build_selector_test.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def test_build():
     assert build_selector("cp37-manylinux_x86_64")
     assert build_selector("cp310-manylinux_x86_64")
     assert build_selector("cp311-manylinux_x86_64")
-    assert not build_selector("cp312-manylinux_x86_64")
+    assert build_selector("cp312-manylinux_x86_64")
     assert build_selector("pp36-manylinux_x86_64")
     assert build_selector("pp37-manylinux_x86_64")
     assert build_selector("cp36-manylinux_i686")
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def test_build():
     assert build_selector("cp37-win_amd64")
     assert build_selector("cp310-win_amd64")
     assert build_selector("cp311-win_amd64")
-    assert not build_selector("cp312-win_amd64")
+    assert build_selector("cp312-win_amd64")
     assert not build_selector("pp36-win_amd64")
     assert not build_selector("pp37-win_amd64")
 

unit_test/linux_build_steps_test.py

@@ -62,8 +62,9 @@ def test_linux_container_split(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch):
         "cp36-manylinux_x86_64",
         "cp37-manylinux_x86_64",
         "cp311-manylinux_x86_64",
+        "cp312-manylinux_x86_64",
     ]
-    assert before_alls(build_steps[0]) == ["", "", ""]
+    assert before_alls(build_steps[0]) == ["", "", "", ""]
 
     assert build_steps[1].container_image == "other_container_image"
     assert identifiers(build_steps[1]) == ["cp38-manylinux_x86_64", "cp310-manylinux_x86_64"]

unit_test/main_tests/main_options_test.py

@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ def test_defaults(platform, intercepted_build_args):
     if isinstance(repair_wheel_default, list):
         repair_wheel_default = " && ".join(repair_wheel_default)
     assert build_options.repair_command == repair_wheel_default
-    assert build_options.build_frontend == defaults["build-frontend"]
+    assert build_options.build_frontend is None
 
     if platform == "linux":
         assert build_options.manylinux_images

unit_test/main_tests/main_platform_test.py

@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@ def test_only_argument(intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch, only, plat):
     assert options.globals.build_selector.skip_config == ""
     assert options.platform == plat
     assert options.globals.architectures == Architecture.all_archs(plat)
+    assert options.globals.build_selector.prerelease_pythons is True
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("only", ("cp311-manylxinux_x86_64", "some_linux_thing"))

unit_test/oci_container_test.py

@@ -72,6 +72,17 @@ def test_environment(container_engine):
         )
 
 
+def test_environment_pass(container_engine, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setenv("CIBUILDWHEEL", "1")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH", "1489957071")
+    with OCIContainer(engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE) as container:
+        assert container.call(["sh", "-c", "echo $CIBUILDWHEEL"], capture_output=True) == "1\n"
+        assert (
+            container.call(["sh", "-c", "echo $SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH"], capture_output=True)
+            == "1489957071\n"
+        )
+
+
 def test_cwd(container_engine):
     with OCIContainer(
         engine=container_engine, image=DEFAULT_IMAGE, cwd="/cibuildwheel/working_directory"

unit_test/option_prepare_test.py

@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@ import pytest
 from cibuildwheel import linux, util
 from cibuildwheel.__main__ import main
 
-ALL_IDS = {"cp36", "cp37", "cp38", "cp39", "cp310", "cp311", "pp37", "pp38", "pp39", "pp310"}
+ALL_IDS = {
+    "cp36",
+    "cp37",
+    "cp38",
+    "cp39",
+    "cp310",
+    "cp311",
+    "cp312",
+    "pp37",
+    "pp38",
+    "pp39",
+    "pp310",
+}
 
 
 @pytest.fixture()
@@ -101,13 +113,15 @@ def test_build_with_override_launches(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
     cibw_toml.write_text(
         """
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
-manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_24"
+manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux_2_28"
+musllinux-x86_64-image = "musllinux_1_2"
 
-# Before Python 3.10, use manylinux2014
+# Before Python 3.10, use manylinux2014, musllinux_1_1
 [[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
 select = "cp3?-*"
 manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2014"
+musllinux-x86_64-image = "musllinux_1_1"
 
 [[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
 select = "cp36-manylinux_x86_64"
@@ -122,7 +136,7 @@ before-all = "true"
 
     build_in_container = typing.cast(mock.Mock, linux.build_in_container)
 
-    assert build_in_container.call_count == 6
+    assert build_in_container.call_count == 7
 
     kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[0][1]
     assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
@@ -141,17 +155,18 @@ before-all = "true"
     identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
     assert identifiers == {
         f"{x}-manylinux_x86_64"
-        for x in ALL_IDS - {"cp36", "cp310", "cp311", "pp37", "pp38", "pp39", "pp310"}
+        for x in ALL_IDS - {"cp36", "cp310", "cp311", "cp312", "pp37", "pp38", "pp39", "pp310"}
     }
     assert kwargs["options"].build_options("cp37-manylinux_x86_64").before_all == ""
 
     kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[2][1]
-    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
     assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
     assert not kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]
     identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
     assert identifiers == {
-        f"{x}-manylinux_x86_64" for x in ["cp310", "cp311", "pp37", "pp38", "pp39", "pp310"]
+        f"{x}-manylinux_x86_64"
+        for x in ["cp310", "cp311", "cp312", "pp37", "pp38", "pp39", "pp310"]
     }
 
     kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[3][1]
@@ -169,10 +184,19 @@ before-all = "true"
 
     identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
     assert identifiers == {
-        f"{x}-musllinux_x86_64" for x in ALL_IDS for x in ALL_IDS if "pp" not in x
+        f"{x}-musllinux_x86_64" for x in ALL_IDS & {"cp36", "cp37", "cp38", "cp39"} if "pp" not in x
     }
 
     kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[5][1]
+    assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
+    assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
+    assert not kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]
+    identifiers = {x.identifier for x in kwargs["platform_configs"]}
+    assert identifiers == {
+        f"{x}-musllinux_x86_64" for x in ALL_IDS - {"cp36", "cp37", "cp38", "cp39"} if "pp" not in x
+    }
+
+    kwargs = build_in_container.call_args_list[6][1]
     assert "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686" in kwargs["container"]["image"]
     assert kwargs["container"]["cwd"] == PurePosixPath("/project")
     assert kwargs["container"]["simulate_32_bit"]

unit_test/options_test.py

@@ -253,3 +253,57 @@ def test_container_engine_option(tmp_path: Path, toml_assignment, result_name, r
 
     assert parsed_container_engine.name == result_name
     assert parsed_container_engine.create_args == result_create_args
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("toml_assignment", "result_name", "result_args"),
+    [
+        (
+            "",
+            None,
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            'build-frontend = "build"',
+            "build",
+            [],
+        ),
+        (
+            'build-frontend = {name = "build"}',
+            "build",
+            [],
+        ),
+        (
+            'build-frontend = "pip; args: --some-option"',
+            "pip",
+            ["--some-option"],
+        ),
+        (
+            'build-frontend = {name = "pip", args = ["--some-option"]}',
+            "pip",
+            ["--some-option"],
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_build_frontend_option(tmp_path: Path, toml_assignment, result_name, result_args):
+    args = CommandLineArguments.defaults()
+    args.package_dir = tmp_path
+
+    tmp_path.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
+        textwrap.dedent(
+            f"""\
+            [tool.cibuildwheel]
+            {toml_assignment}
+            """
+        )
+    )
+
+    options = Options(platform="linux", command_line_arguments=args, env={})
+    parsed_build_frontend = options.build_options(identifier=None).build_frontend
+
+    if toml_assignment:
+        assert parsed_build_frontend is not None
+        assert parsed_build_frontend.name == result_name
+        assert parsed_build_frontend.args == result_args
+    else:
+        assert parsed_build_frontend is None

unit_test/projectfiles_test.py

@@ -26,6 +26,72 @@ def test_read_setup_py_simple(tmp_path):
     assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) == "1.23"
 
 
+def test_read_setup_py_if_main(tmp_path):
+    with open(tmp_path / "setup.py", "w") as f:
+        f.write(
+            dedent(
+                """
+                from setuptools import setup
+
+                if __name__ == "__main__":
+                    setup(
+                        name = "hello",
+                        other = 23,
+                        example = ["item", "other"],
+                        python_requires = "1.23",
+                    )
+                """
+            )
+        )
+
+    assert setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text()) == "1.23"
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) == "1.23"
+
+
+def test_read_setup_py_if_main_reversed(tmp_path):
+    with open(tmp_path / "setup.py", "w") as f:
+        f.write(
+            dedent(
+                """
+                from setuptools import setup
+
+                if "__main__" == __name__:
+                    setup(
+                        name = "hello",
+                        other = 23,
+                        example = ["item", "other"],
+                        python_requires = "1.23",
+                    )
+                """
+            )
+        )
+
+    assert setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text()) == "1.23"
+    assert get_requires_python_str(tmp_path) == "1.23"
+
+
+def test_read_setup_py_if_invalid(tmp_path):
+    with open(tmp_path / "setup.py", "w") as f:
+        f.write(
+            dedent(
+                """
+                from setuptools import setup
+
+                if True:
+                    setup(
+                        name = "hello",
+                        other = 23,
+                        example = ["item", "other"],
+                        python_requires = "1.23",
+                    )
+                """
+            )
+        )
+
+    assert not setup_py_python_requires(tmp_path.joinpath("setup.py").read_text())
+    assert not get_requires_python_str(tmp_path)
+
+
 def test_read_setup_py_full(tmp_path):
     with open(tmp_path / "setup.py", "w", encoding="utf8") as f:
         f.write(