Bump version: v2.17.0

Docs domain change to cibuildwheel.pypa.io

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
 
   linux-aarch64:
     machine:
-       image: ubuntu-2004:2022.04.1
+       image: default
     resource_class: arm.medium
     environment:
       PYTHON: python3

.cirrus.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+only_if: changesInclude('.cirrus.yml') || ($CIRRUS_BRANCH == "main" && !changesIncludeOnly('docs/*', '.pre-commit-config.yaml')) || $CIRRUS_BRANCH =~ 'cirrus.*'
+
 run_tests: &RUN_TESTS
   install_cibuildwheel_script:
     - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
@@ -48,25 +50,23 @@ windows_x86_task:
 
 macos_arm64_task:
   macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-xcode
 
   env:
-    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
+    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/libexec/bin:$PATH
   install_pre_requirements_script:
     - brew install python@3.10
-    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
   <<: *RUN_TESTS
 
 macos_arm64_cp38_task:
   macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-xcode
 
   env:
-    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
+    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/libexec/bin:$PATH
     PYTEST_ADDOPTS: --run-cp38-universal2 -k 'test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer or test_arch_auto'
   install_pre_requirements_script:
     - brew install python@3.10
-    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
     - curl -fsSLO https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
     - sudo installer -pkg python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg -target /
     - rm python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+* text=auto
+
+*.py diff=python
+*.md diff=markdown
+
+*.svg -diff

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -5,3 +5,7 @@ updates:
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
+    groups:
+      actions:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -11,13 +11,14 @@ jobs:
   dist:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - name: Build SDist and wheel
       run: pipx run build
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
+        name: cibw-sdist
         path: dist/*
 
     - name: Check metadata
@@ -27,14 +28,15 @@ jobs:
     needs: [dist]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
+    environment: pypi
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
       with:
-        name: artifact
+        pattern: cibw-*
         path: dist
+        merge-multiple: true
 
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.8.5
-      with:
-        user: __token__
-        password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ on:
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'docs/**'
+      - .pre-commit-config.yaml
   workflow_dispatch:
     # allow manual runs on branches without a PR
 
@@ -19,11 +20,11 @@ jobs:
     name: Linters (mypy, flake8, etc.)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.0
+    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1
     - name: Check manifest
       run: pipx run nox -s check_manifest
     - name: PyLint checks
@@ -37,15 +38,15 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-latest, macos-11]
-        python_version: ['3.11']
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-14]
+        python_version: ['3.12']
         include:
-        - os: ubuntu-22.04
-          python_version: '3.7'
+        - os: ubuntu-latest
+          python_version: '3.8'
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
@@ -61,6 +62,13 @@ jobs:
         sudo apt-get update
         sudo apt-get -y install podman
 
+    # free some space to prevent reaching GHA disk space limits
+    - name: Clean docker images
+      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+      run: |
+        docker system prune -a -f
+        df -h
+
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         python -m pip install ".[test]"
@@ -77,10 +85,43 @@ jobs:
       env:
         CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action, only)
+      uses: ./
       with:
-        name: sample_wheels_action
-        path: wheelhouse
+        package-dir: sample_proj
+        output-dir: wheelhouse_only
+        only: cp312-${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && 'manylinux_x86_64' || (runner.os == 'Windows' && 'win_amd64' || 'macosx_x86_64') }}
+
+    - name: Create custom configuration file
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        cat > sample_proj/cibw.toml <<EOF
+        [tool.cibuildwheel]
+        # Only build on CPython 3.12 on native arch
+        archs = ["native"]
+        build = "cp312-*"
+        # Skip musllinux
+        skip = "*-musllinux*"
+        EOF
+
+    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action, config-file)
+      uses: ./
+      with:
+        package-dir: sample_proj
+        output-dir: wheelhouse_config_file
+        config-file: sample_proj/cibw.toml
+
+    - name: Check Action artefacts
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        test $(find wheelhouse -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -ge 1
+        test $(find wheelhouse_only -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
+        test $(find wheelhouse_config_file -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
+        path: wheelhouse/*.whl
 
     - name: Test cibuildwheel
       run: |
@@ -92,8 +133,8 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
     - name: Install dependencies
@@ -102,7 +143,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Set up QEMU
       id: qemu
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
       with:
         platforms: all
 

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ jobs:
   update-dependencies:
     name: Update dependencies
     if: github.repository_owner == 'pypa' || github.event_name != 'schedule'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2022.11.21
+    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2024.03.02
       with:
-        python-versions: "3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11"
+        python-versions: "3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12"
 
     - name: "Run update: dependencies"
       run: nox --force-color -s update_constraints
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # we use this step to grab a Github App auth token, so that PRs generated by this workflow
     # run the GHA tests.
-    - uses: tibdex/github-app-token@v1
+    - uses: tibdex/github-app-token@v2
       id: generate-token
       if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
       with:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Create Pull Request
       if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
-      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v5
+      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v6
       with:
         commit-message: Update dependencies
         title: '[Bot] Update dependencies'

.github/workflows/update-major-minor-tag.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: Update the vX.Y tag
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [released]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      TAG_NAME:
+        description: 'Tag name that the major.minor tag will point to'
+        required: true
+
+env:
+  TAG_NAME: ${{ github.event.inputs.TAG_NAME || github.event.release.tag_name }}
+
+jobs:
+  update_tag:
+    name: Update the major.minor tag to include the ${{ github.event.inputs.TAG_NAME || github.event.release.tag_name }} changes
+    environment:
+      name: releaseNewActionVersion
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Update the ${{ env.TAG_NAME }} tag
+        id: update-major-minor-tag
+        uses: joerick/update-vX.Y-tag-action@v1.0
+        with:
+          source-tag: ${{ env.TAG_NAME }}

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 repos:
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v4.4.0
+  rev: v4.5.0
   hooks:
   - id: check-case-conflict
   - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -13,33 +13,30 @@ repos:
   - id: mixed-line-ending
   - id: trailing-whitespace
 
-- repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-  rev: 23.3.0
-  hooks:
-  - id: black
-
-- repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.0.261
+- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+  rev: v0.2.2
   hooks:
   - id: ruff
     args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
+  - id: ruff-format
 
 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/setup-cfg-fmt
-  rev: v2.2.0
+  rev: v2.5.0
   hooks:
   - id: setup-cfg-fmt
-    args: [--include-version-classifiers, --max-py-version=3.11]
+    args: [--include-version-classifiers, --min-py-version=3.8, --max-py-version=3.12]
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v1.2.0
+  rev: v1.8.0
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.7 on cibuildwheel/
-    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.7"]
+    name: mypy 3.8 on cibuildwheel/
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py|bin/generate_schema.py$
+    args: ["--python-version=3.8"]
     additional_dependencies: &mypy-dependencies
+      - bracex
       - nox
-      - packaging~=21.0
+      - packaging
       - pygithub
       - rich
       - tomli
@@ -49,15 +46,15 @@ repos:
       - types-jinja2
       - types-pyyaml
       - types-requests
-      - bracex
+      - validate-pyproject
   - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.11
+    name: mypy 3.12
     exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.11"]
+    args: ["--python-version=3.12"]
     additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
 
 - repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
-  rev: v0.9.0.2
+  rev: v0.9.0.6
   hooks:
   - id: shellcheck
 
@@ -77,8 +74,25 @@ repos:
     files: ^docs/changelog.md$
 
 - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-  rev: v2.2.4
+  rev: v2.2.6
   hooks:
   - id: codespell
-    args: ["-L", "sur"]
+    args: ["-L", "sur", "-w"]
     exclude: ^docs/working-examples\.md$  # Autogenerated
+
+
+- repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
+  rev: 0.28.0
+  hooks:
+    - id: check-dependabot
+    - id: check-github-actions
+    - id: check-github-workflows
+    - id: check-gitlab-ci
+    - id: check-readthedocs
+    - id: check-travis
+    - id: check-jsonschema
+      name: Check projects
+      args: [--schemafile, docs/data/projects.schema.json]
+      files: '^docs/data/projects.yml$'
+    - id: check-metaschema
+      files: '^docs/data/projects.schema.json$'

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -2,13 +2,17 @@
 # See https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html for details
 version: 2
 
-mkdocs:
-  configuration: mkdocs.yml
+build:
+  os: ubuntu-22.04
+  tools:
+    python: "3.11"
 
 python:
-  version: 3.8
   install:
     - method: pip
       path: .
       extra_requirements:
         - docs
+
+mkdocs:
+  configuration: mkdocs.yml

.travis.yml

@@ -8,21 +8,21 @@ branches:
 
 jobs:
   include:
-    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.7
-      python: 3.7
+    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.9
+      python: 3.9
       services: docker
       env: PYTHON=python
 
-    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.7
-      python: 3.7
+    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.9
+      python: 3.9
       services: docker
       arch: arm64-graviton2
       group: edge
       virt: vm
       env: PYTHON=python
 
-    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.7
-      python: 3.7
+    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.9
+      python: 3.9
       services: docker
       arch: ppc64le
       allow_failure: True
@@ -32,18 +32,16 @@ jobs:
         # c.f. https://travis-ci.community/t/running-out-of-disk-space-quota-when-using-docker-on-ppc64le/11634
         - PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "not test_manylinuxXXXX_only"'
 
-    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.7
+    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.9
       os: windows
       language: shell
       before_install:
-        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.7.9 --limit-output
-        # Update root certificates to fix SSL error; see http://www.chawn.com/RootCerts.htm
-        - powershell "md C:\temp\certs; CertUtil -generateSSTFromWU C:\temp\certs\RootStore.sst; Get-ChildItem -Path C:\\temp\certs\Rootstore.sst | Import-Certificate -CertStoreLocation Cert:\\LocalMachine\\Root\\ | out-null"
+        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.9.13 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python39"
       env:
-        - PYTHON=C:\\Python37\\python
+        - PYTHON=C:\\Python39\\python
 
-    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.7
-      python: 3.7
+    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.9
+      python: 3.9
       services: docker
       arch: s390x
       env: PYTHON=python
@@ -58,5 +56,5 @@ script: |
   (while true; do echo "travis_keep_alive"; sleep 300; done) &
   SPINNER_PID=$!
   disown
-  $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py
+  $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py --num-processes 2
   kill -9 ${SPINNER_PID}

CI.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-This is a summary of the Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
+This is a summary of the host Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
 
-|         | 3.7       | 3.8                                   | 3.9       | 3.10      | 3.11           |
-|---------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------|-----------|----------------|
-| Linux   | Travis CI | AppVeyor¹ / Azure Pipelines / GitLab¹ | CircleCI¹ | Cirrus CI | GitHub Actions |
-| macOS   | Travis CI | AppVeyor¹ / Azure Pipelines           | CircleCI¹ | Cirrus CI | GitHub Actions |
-| Windows | Travis CI | AppVeyor¹ / Azure Pipelines / GitLab¹ |           | Cirrus CI | GitHub Actions |
+|         | 3.8                                                    | 3.9                   | 3.10      | 3.12           |
+|---------|--------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|-----------|----------------|
+| Linux   | AppVeyor¹ / Azure Pipelines / GitLab¹ / GitHub Actions | CircleCI¹ / Travis CI | Cirrus CI | GitHub Actions |
+| macOS   | AppVeyor¹ / Azure Pipelines                            | CircleCI¹ / Travis CI | Cirrus CI | GitHub Actions |
+| Windows | AppVeyor¹ / Azure Pipelines / GitLab¹                  | Travis CI             | Cirrus CI | GitHub Actions |
 
 > ¹ Runs a reduced set of tests to reduce CI load
 
-Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.7.
+Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.9.

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 This project is licensed under the 'BSD 2-clause license'.
 
-Copyright (c) 2017-2019, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.
+Copyright (c) 2017-2023, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.
 
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

README.md

@@ -2,16 +2,15 @@ cibuildwheel
 ============
 
 [![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/cibuildwheel.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cibuildwheel)
-[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/cibuildwheel/badge/?version=stable)](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/?badge=stable)
+[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/cibuildwheel/badge/?version=stable)](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/?badge=stable)
 [![Actions Status](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/workflows/Test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/actions)
 [![Travis Status](https://img.shields.io/travis/com/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=travis)](https://travis-ci.com/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [![Appveyor status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/gt3vwl88yt0y3hur/branch/main?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/joerick/cibuildwheel/branch/main)
 [![CircleCI Status](https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=circleci)](https://circleci.com/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [![Azure Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/pypa.cibuildwheel?branchName=main)](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=4&branchName=main)
-[![Cirrus CI Status](https://img.shields.io/cirrus/github/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=cirrusci)](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 
 
-[Documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.org)
+[Documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io)
 
 <!--intro-start-->
 
@@ -24,28 +23,28 @@ What does it do?
 ----------------
 
 |   | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x |
-|---------------|----|-----|-----|-----|-----|----|-----|----|-----|-----|
-| CPython 3.6   | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| CPython 3.7   | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| CPython 3.8   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| CPython 3.9   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅³ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| CPython 3.10  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| CPython 3.11  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| PyPy 3.7 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.8 v7.3 | ✅ | ✅⁴ | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
-| PyPy 3.9 v7.3 | ✅ | ✅⁴ | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
+|----------------|----|-----|-----|-----|-----|----|-----|----|-----|-----|
+| CPython 3.6    | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.7    | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.8    | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.9    | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.10   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.11   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| CPython 3.12  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+| PyPy 3.7 v7.3  | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.8 v7.3  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.9 v7.3  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
+| PyPy 3.10 v7.3 | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
 
 <sup>¹ PyPy is only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
 <sup>² Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
-<sup>³ Alpine 3.14 and very briefly 3.15's default python3 [was not able to load](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/934) musllinux wheels. This has been fixed; please upgrade the python package if using Alpine from before the fix.</sup><br>
-<sup>⁴ Cross-compilation not supported with PyPy - to build these wheels you need to run cibuildwheel on an Apple Silicon machine.</sup><br>
 
 - Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+, and Windows wheels for CPython and PyPy
 - Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
 - Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS through [auditwheel](https://github.com/pypa/auditwheel) and [delocate](https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
 - Runs your library's tests against the wheel-installed version of your library
 
-See the [cibuildwheel 1 documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/1.x/) if you need to build unsupported versions of Python, such as Python 2.
+See the [cibuildwheel 1 documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/1.x/) if you need to build unsupported versions of Python, such as Python 2.
 
 Usage
 -----
@@ -54,18 +53,16 @@ Usage
 
 |                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM | macOS ARM | Windows ARM |
 |-----------------|-------|-------|---------|-----------|-----------|-------------|
-| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅¹       | ✅²       | ✅⁴         |
-| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |           | ✅²       | ✅⁴         |
+| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       | ✅¹       | ✅        | ✅²         |
+| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅       |           | ✅        | ✅²         |
 | Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅        |           |             |
-| AppVeyor        | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |           | ✅²       | ✅⁴         |
-| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅        | ✅²       |             |
+| AppVeyor        | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |           | ✅        | ✅²         |
+| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅        | ✅        |             |
 | Gitlab CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅¹       |           |             |
-| Cirrus CI       | ✅    | ✅³   | ✅      | ✅        | ✅        |             |
+| Cirrus CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅        | ✅        |             |
 
-<sup>¹ [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
-<sup>² [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#universal2). It is not possible to test `arm64` and the `arm64` part of a `universal2` wheel on this CI platform.</sup><br>
-<sup>³ [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#universal2). Thanks to Rosetta 2 emulation, it is possible to test `x86_64` and both parts of a `universal2` wheel on this CI platform.</sup><br>
-<sup>⁴ [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup>
+<sup>¹ [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
+<sup>² [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup>
 
 <!--intro-end-->
 
@@ -85,16 +82,16 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macOS-11]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-14]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       # Used to host cibuildwheel
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
 
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
 
       - name: Build wheels
         run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -102,12 +99,13 @@ jobs:
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
+          name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 
-For more information, including PyPI deployment, and the use of other CI services or the dedicated GitHub Action, check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.org) and the [examples](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/tree/main/examples).
+For more information, including PyPI deployment, and the use of other CI services or the dedicated GitHub Action, check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io) and the [examples](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/tree/main/examples).
 
 How it works
 ------------
@@ -116,35 +114,35 @@ The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platf
 
 ![](docs/data/how-it-works.png)
 
-<sup>Explore an interactive version of this diagram [in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#how-it-works).</sup>
+<sup>Explore an interactive version of this diagram [in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/#how-it-works).</sup>
 
 Options
 -------
 
 |   | Option | Description |
 |---|--------|-------------|
-| **Build selection** | [`CIBW_PLATFORM`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#platform)  | Override the auto-detected target platform |
-|   | [`CIBW_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)  <br> [`CIBW_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)  | Choose the Python versions to build |
-|   | [`CIBW_ARCHS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs)  | Change the architectures built on your machine by default. |
-|   | [`CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#requires-python)  | Manually set the Python compatibility of your project |
-|   | [`CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons)  | Enable building with pre-release versions of Python if available |
-| **Build customization** | [`CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend)  | Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now) or "build" |
-|   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#environment)  | Set environment variables needed during the build |
-|   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#environment-pass)  | Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build. |
-|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-all)  | Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built. |
-|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-build)  | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
-|   | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command)  | Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel |
-|   | [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`<br/>`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)  | Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux Docker images |
-|   | [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine)  | Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels |
-|   | [`CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)  | Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses |
-| **Testing** | [`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-command)  | Execute a shell command to test each built wheel |
-|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_TEST`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-test)  | Execute a shell command before testing each wheel |
-|   | [`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires)  | Install Python dependencies before running the tests |
-|   | [`CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-extras)  | Install your wheel for testing using extras_require |
-|   | [`CIBW_TEST_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-skip)  | Skip running tests on some builds |
-| **Other** | [`CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-verbosity)  | Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel |
+| **Build selection** | [`CIBW_PLATFORM`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#platform)  | Override the auto-detected target platform |
+|   | [`CIBW_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)  <br> [`CIBW_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)  | Choose the Python versions to build |
+|   | [`CIBW_ARCHS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs)  | Change the architectures built on your machine by default. |
+|   | [`CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#requires-python)  | Manually set the Python compatibility of your project |
+|   | [`CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons)  | Enable building with pre-release versions of Python if available |
+| **Build customization** | [`CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend)  | Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now) or "build" |
+|   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#environment)  | Set environment variables needed during the build |
+|   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#environment-pass)  | Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build. |
+|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-all)  | Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built. |
+|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-build)  | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
+|   | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command)  | Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`<br/>`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)  | Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux Docker images |
+|   | [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine)  | Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels |
+|   | [`CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)  | Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses |
+| **Testing** | [`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-command)  | Execute a shell command to test each built wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_TEST`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-test)  | Execute a shell command before testing each wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires)  | Install Python dependencies before running the tests |
+|   | [`CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-extras)  | Install your wheel for testing using extras_require |
+|   | [`CIBW_TEST_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-skip)  | Skip running tests on some builds |
+| **Other** | [`CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-verbosity)  | Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel |
 
-These options can be specified in a pyproject.toml file, as well; see [configuration](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#configuration).
+These options can be specified in a pyproject.toml file, as well; see [configuration](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#configuration).
 
 Working examples
 ----------------
@@ -158,26 +156,26 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 | Name                              | CI | OS | Notes |
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
-| [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
-| [Tornado][]                       | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. |
+| [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
-| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
-| [MemRay][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Memray is a memory profiler for Python |
+| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
+| [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an in-process SQL OLAP Database Management System |
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
-[NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
 [pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq
+[NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
-[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
-[MemRay]: https://github.com/bloomberg/memray
+[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
+[duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
 
 [appveyor icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/appveyor.svg
 [github icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/github.svg
@@ -192,7 +190,7 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 
 <!-- END bin/projects.py -->
 
-> ℹ️ That's just a handful, there are many more! Check out the [Working Examples](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/working-examples) page in the docs.
+> ℹ️ That's just a handful, there are many more! Check out the [Working Examples](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/working-examples) page in the docs.
 
 Legal note
 ----------
@@ -210,41 +208,54 @@ Changelog
 
 <!-- this section was generated by bin/update_readme_changelog.py -- do not edit manually -->
 
-### v2.12.3
+### v2.17.0
 
-_19 April 2023_
+_11 March 2024_
 
-- 🐛 Fix an import error when running on Python 3.7. (#1479)
+- 🌟 Adds the ability to inherit configuration in TOML overrides. This makes certain configurations much simpler. If you're overriding an option like `before-build` or `environment`, and you just want to add an  extra command or environment variable, you can just append (or prepend) to the previous config. See [the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#inherit) for more information. (#1730)
+- 🌟 Adds official support for native arm64 macOS GitHub runners. To use them, just specify `macos-14` as an `os` of your job in your workflow file. You can also keep `macos-13` in your build matrix to build x86_64. Check out the new [GitHub Actions example config](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/setup/#github-actions).
+- ✨ You no longer need to specify `--platform` to run cibuildwheel locally! Instead it will your platform automatically. This was a safety feature, no longer necessary. (#1727)
+- 🛠 Removed setuptools and wheel pinned versions. This only affects old-style projects without a `pyproject.toml`, projects with `pyproject.toml` are already getting fresh versions of their `build-system.requires` installed into an isolated environment. (#1725)
+- 🛠 Improve how the GitHub Action passes arguments (#1757)
+- 🛠 Remove a system-wide install of pipx in the GitHub Action (#1745)
+- 🐛 No longer will cibuildwheel override the PIP_CONSTRAINT environment variable when using the `build` frontend. Instead it will be extended. (#1675)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug where building and testing both x86_86 and arm64 wheels on the same runner caused the wrong architectures in the test environment (#1750)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that prevented testing a CPython 3.8 wheel targeting macOS 11+ on x86_64 (#1768)
+- 📚 Moved the docs onto the official PyPA domain - they're now available at https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io . (#1775)
+- 📚 Docs and examples improvements (#1762, #1734)
 
-### v2.12.2
 
-_18 April 2023_
+### v2.16.5
 
-- 🐛 Fix a bug that caused an extra empty config-setting to be passed to the backend when CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND is set to `build`. (#1474)
-- 🐛 Fix a crash that occurred when overwriting an existing wheel on Windows. (#1464)
-- 🛠 Pinned version updates, including CPython 3.10.11, 3.11.3, pip 23.1 and wheel 0.40.0.
+_30 January 2024_
 
-### v2.12.1
+- 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with the GitHub Action and new GitHub Runner images for Windows that bundle Powershell 7.3+ (#1741)
+- 🛠 Preliminary support for new `macos-14` arm64 runners (#1743)
 
-_11 March 2023_
+### v2.16.4
 
-- 🐛 Fix a bug that prevented the use of CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS with the 'pip' build backend. (#1430)
+_28 January 2024_
 
-### v2.12.0
+- 🛠 Update manylinux pins to upgrade from a problematic PyPy version. (#1737)
 
-_16 Jan 2023_
+### v2.16.3
 
-- ✨ Adds support for PyPy arm64 wheels. This means that you can build PyPy wheels for Apple Silicon machines. Cross-compilation is not supported for these wheels, so you'll have to build on an Apple Silicon machine. (#1372)
-- 🛠 Pinned version updates, including PyPy to v7.3.11 and setuptools to 66.0.0.
+_26 January 2024_
 
-### v2.11.4
+- 🐛 Fix a bug when building from sdist, where relative paths to files in the package didn't work because the working directory was wrong (#1687)
+- 🛠 Adds the ability to disable mounting the host filesystem in containers to `/host`, through the `disable_host_mount` suboption on [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine).
+- 📚 A lot of docs improvements! (#1708, #1705, #1686, #1679, #1667, #1665)
 
-_24 Dec 2022_
+### v2.16.2
 
-- 🐛 Fix a bug that caused missing wheels on Windows when a test was skipped using CIBW_TEST_SKIP (#1377)
-- 🛠 Updates CPython 3.11 to 3.11.1 (#1371)
-- 🛠 Updates PyPy to 7.3.10, except on macOS which remains on 7.3.9 due to a bug on that platform. (#1371)
-- 📚 Added a reference to abi3audit to the docs (#1347)
+_3 October 2023_
+
+- 🛠 Updates CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0, final release (#1635)
+- ✨ Adds a debug option [`CIBW_DEBUG_KEEP_CONTAINER`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#cibw_debug_keep_container) to stop cibuildwheel deleting build containers after the build finishes. (#1620)
+- 📚 Adds support for `[tool.cibuildwheel]` checking by adding a schema compatible with the [validate-pyproject](https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject/) tool (#1622, #1628, #1629)
+- 🐛 Fix parsing of `CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE` and `CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND` options to not break arguments on `:` characters (#1621)
+- 🐛 Fix the evaluation order of `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` and `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS` so that `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` assignments can reference environment variables passed through from the host machine. (#1617)
+- 🛠 Supports manylinux images' deferred installation of interpreters through the `manylinux-interpreters` tool (#1630)
 
 <!-- END bin/update_readme_changelog.py -->
 
@@ -252,14 +263,14 @@ _24 Dec 2022_
 
 That's the last few versions.
 
-ℹ️ **Want more changelog? Head over to [the changelog page in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/changelog/).**
+ℹ️ **Want more changelog? Head over to [the changelog page in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/changelog/).**
 
 ---
 
 Contributing
 ============
 
-For more info on how to contribute to cibuildwheel, see the [docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contributing/).
+For more info on how to contribute to cibuildwheel, see the [docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/contributing/).
 
 Everyone interacting with the cibuildwheel project via codebase, issue tracker, chat rooms, or otherwise is expected to follow the [PSF Code of Conduct](https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
 

action.yml

@@ -25,35 +25,68 @@ runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
     # Set up a non-EOL, cibuildwheel & pipx supported Python version
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       id: python
       with:
-        python-version: "3.7 - 3.11"
+        python-version: "3.8 - 3.12"
         update-environment: false
 
+    - id: cibw
+      run: |
+        # Install cibuildwheel
+        "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" -u << "EOF"
+        import os
+        import shutil
+        import sys
+        import venv
+
+        from pathlib import Path
+        from subprocess import run
+
+
+        class EnvBuilder(venv.EnvBuilder):
+            def __init__(self):
+                super().__init__()
+
+            def setup_scripts(self, context):
+                pass
+
+            def post_setup(self, context):
+                super().post_setup(context)
+                self.bin_path = Path(context.env_exe).parent
+                run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "--python", context.env_exe, "install", r"${{ github.action_path }}"], check=True)
+
+
+        print("::group::Install cibuildwheel")
+        venv_path = Path(r"${{ runner.temp }}") / "cibw"
+        if venv_path.exists():
+            shutil.rmtree(venv_path)
+        builder = EnvBuilder()
+        builder.create(venv_path)
+        cibw_path = [path for path in builder.bin_path.glob("cibuildwheel*") if path.stem == "cibuildwheel"][0]
+        with open(os.environ["GITHUB_OUTPUT"], "at") as f:
+            f.write(f"cibw-path={cibw_path}\n")
+        print("::endgroup::")
+        EOF
+      shell: bash
+
     # Redirecting stderr to stdout to fix interleaving issue in Actions.
     - run: >
-        pipx run
-        --python '${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}'
-        --spec '${{ github.action_path }}'
-        cibuildwheel
+        "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-path }}"
         "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
-        --output-dir "${{ inputs.output-dir }}"
-        --config-file "${{ inputs.config-file }}"
-        --only "${{ inputs.only }}"
+        ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
+        ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
+        ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
         2>&1
       shell: bash
       if: runner.os != 'Windows'
 
     # Windows needs powershell to interact nicely with Meson
     - run: >
-        pipx run
-        --python "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}"
-        --spec "${{ github.action_path }}"
-        cibuildwheel
+        & "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-path }}"
         "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
-        --output-dir '"${{ inputs.output-dir }}"'
-        --config-file '"${{ inputs.config-file }}"'
-        --only '"${{ inputs.only }}"'
+        ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
+        ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
+        ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
       shell: pwsh
       if: runner.os == 'Windows'

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+pr:
+  paths:
+    exclude:
+      - docs/*
+      - .pre-commit-config.yaml
+
 jobs:
 - job: linux_38
   timeoutInMinutes: 120
@@ -18,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
         versionSpec: '3.8'
     - bash: |
         python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py --num-processes 2
 
 - job: windows_38
   pool: {vmImage: 'windows-2019'}

bin/bump_version.py

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
         print(e)
         print("Failed to get previous version tag information.")
 
-    git_changes_result = subprocess.run(["git diff-index --quiet HEAD --"], shell=True)
+    git_changes_result = subprocess.run(["git diff-index --quiet HEAD --"], shell=True, check=False)
     repo_has_uncommitted_changes = git_changes_result.returncode != 0
 
     if repo_has_uncommitted_changes:
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
             "pre-commit",
             "run",
             "--files=docs/changelog.md",
-        ]
+        ],
+        check=False,
     )
 
     # run pre-commit to check that no errors occurred on the second run

bin/dev_run_test

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-CIBW_PLATFORM=linux pytest "$@"

bin/generate_schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import argparse
+import copy
+import json
+from typing import Any
+
+import yaml
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+parser.add_argument("--schemastore", action="store_true", help="Generate schema_store version")
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+starter = """
+$id: https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json
+$schema: http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema
+additionalProperties: false
+description: cibuildwheel's settings.
+type: object
+defines:
+  inherit:
+    enum:
+      - none
+      - prepend
+      - append
+    default: none
+    description: How to inherit the parent's value.
+properties:
+  archs:
+    description: Change the architectures built on your machine by default.
+    type: string_array
+  before-all:
+    description: Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built.
+    type: string_array
+  before-build:
+    description: Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build.
+    type: string_array
+  before-test:
+    description: Execute a shell command before testing each wheel.
+    type: string_array
+  build:
+    default: ['*']
+    description: Choose the Python versions to build.
+    type: string_array
+  build-frontend:
+    default: default
+    description: Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now) or "build"
+    oneOf:
+      - enum: [pip, build, default]
+      - type: string
+        pattern: '^pip; ?args:'
+      - type: string
+        pattern: '^build; ?args:'
+      - type: object
+        additionalProperties: false
+        required: [name]
+        properties:
+          name:
+            enum: [pip, build]
+          args:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+  build-verbosity:
+    type: integer
+    minimum: -3
+    maximum: 3
+    default: 0
+    description: Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel.
+  config-settings:
+    description: Specify config-settings for the build backend.
+    type: string_table_array
+  container-engine:
+    oneOf:
+      - enum: [docker, podman]
+      - type: string
+        pattern: '^docker; ?(create_args|disable_host_mount):'
+      - type: string
+        pattern: '^podman; ?(create_args|disable_host_mount):'
+      - type: object
+        additionalProperties: false
+        required: [name]
+        properties:
+          name:
+            enum: [docker, podman]
+          create-args:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+          disable-host-mount:
+            type: boolean
+  dependency-versions:
+    default: pinned
+    description: Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses
+    type: string
+  environment:
+    description: Set environment variables needed during the build.
+    type: string_table
+  environment-pass:
+    description: Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container
+      during the build.
+    type: string_array
+  manylinux-aarch64-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  manylinux-i686-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  manylinux-ppc64le-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  manylinux-pypy_i686-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  manylinux-s390x-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  manylinux-x86_64-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  musllinux-aarch64-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  musllinux-i686-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  musllinux-ppc64le-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  musllinux-s390x-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  musllinux-x86_64-image:
+    type: string
+    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
+  repair-wheel-command:
+    type: string_array
+    description: Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.
+  skip:
+    description: Choose the Python versions to skip.
+    type: string_array
+  test-command:
+    description: Execute a shell command to test each built wheel.
+    type: string_array
+  test-extras:
+    description: Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require`
+    type: string_array
+  test-requires:
+    description: Install Python dependencies before running the tests
+    type: string_array
+  test-skip:
+    description: Skip running tests on some builds.
+    type: string_array
+"""
+
+schema = yaml.safe_load(starter)
+
+string_array = yaml.safe_load(
+    """
+- type: string
+- type: array
+  items:
+    type: string
+"""
+)
+
+string_table_array = yaml.safe_load(
+    """
+- type: string
+- type: object
+  additionalProperties: false
+  patternProperties:
+    .+:
+      oneOf:
+        - type: string
+        - type: array
+          items:
+            type: string
+"""
+)
+
+string_table = yaml.safe_load(
+    """
+- type: string
+- type: object
+  additionalProperties: false
+  patternProperties:
+    .+:
+      type: string
+"""
+)
+
+for value in schema["properties"].values():
+    match value:
+        case {"type": "string_array"}:
+            del value["type"]
+            value["oneOf"] = string_array
+        case {"type": "string_table"}:
+            del value["type"]
+            value["oneOf"] = string_table
+        case {"type": "string_table_array"}:
+            del value["type"]
+            value["oneOf"] = string_table_array
+
+overrides = yaml.safe_load(
+    """
+type: array
+description: An overrides array
+items:
+  type: object
+  required: ["select"]
+  minProperties: 2
+  additionalProperties: false
+  properties:
+    select: {}
+    inherit:
+      type: object
+      additionalProperties: false
+      properties:
+        before-all: {"$ref": "#/defines/inherit"}
+        before-build: {"$ref": "#/defines/inherit"}
+        before-test: {"$ref": "#/defines/inherit"}
+        config-settings: {"$ref": "#/defines/inherit"}
+        container-engine: {"$ref": "#/defines/inherit"}
+        environment: {"$ref": "#/defines/inherit"}
+        environment-pass: {"$ref": "#/defines/inherit"}
+        repair-wheel-command: {"$ref": "#/defines/inherit"}
+        test-command: {"$ref": "#/defines/inherit"}
+        test-extras: {"$ref": "#/defines/inherit"}
+        test-requires: {"$ref": "#/defines/inherit"}
+"""
+)
+
+for key, value in schema["properties"].items():
+    value["title"] = f'CIBW_{key.replace("-", "_").upper()}'
+
+non_global_options = {k: {"$ref": f"#/properties/{k}"} for k in schema["properties"]}
+del non_global_options["build"]
+del non_global_options["skip"]
+del non_global_options["container-engine"]
+del non_global_options["test-skip"]
+
+overrides["items"]["properties"]["select"]["oneOf"] = string_array
+overrides["items"]["properties"] |= non_global_options.copy()
+
+del overrides["items"]["properties"]["archs"]
+
+not_linux = non_global_options.copy()
+
+del not_linux["environment-pass"]
+for key in list(not_linux):
+    if "linux-" in key:
+        del not_linux[key]
+
+
+def as_object(d: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return {
+        "type": "object",
+        "additionalProperties": False,
+        "properties": copy.deepcopy(d),
+    }
+
+
+oses = {
+    "linux": as_object(non_global_options),
+    "windows": as_object(not_linux),
+    "macos": as_object(not_linux),
+}
+
+oses["linux"]["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"] = {
+    **schema["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"],
+    "default": "auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}",
+}
+oses["macos"]["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"] = {
+    **schema["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"],
+    "default": "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}",
+}
+
+del oses["linux"]["properties"]["dependency-versions"]
+
+schema["properties"]["overrides"] = overrides
+schema["properties"] |= oses
+
+if args.schemastore:
+    schema["$id"] = "https://json.schemastore.org/partial-cibuildwheel.json"
+    schema["$schema"] = "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"
+    schema[
+        "description"
+    ] = "cibuildwheel's toml file, generated with ./bin/generate_schema.py --schemastore from cibuildwheel."
+
+print(json.dumps(schema, indent=2))

bin/make_dependency_update_pr.py

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ from subprocess import run
 import click
 
 
-def shell(cmd, **kwargs):
-    return run([cmd], shell=True, **kwargs)
+def shell(cmd, *, check: bool, **kwargs):
+    return run([cmd], shell=True, check=check, **kwargs)
 
 
 def git_repo_has_changes():
-    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --").returncode != 0
-    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --").returncode != 0
+    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
+    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
     return unstaged_changes or staged_changes
 
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def main():
         print("Done.")
     finally:
         # remove any local changes
-        shell("git checkout -- .")
+        shell("git checkout -- .", check=True)
         shell(f"git checkout {previous_branch}", check=True)
         shell(f"git branch -D --force {branch_name}", check=True)
 

bin/run_example_ci_configs.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import shutil
 import sys
 import textwrap
 import time
-from collections import namedtuple
+import typing
 from glob import glob
 from pathlib import Path
 from subprocess import run
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ from urllib.parse import quote
 import click
 
 
-def shell(cmd, **kwargs):
-    return run([cmd], shell=True, **kwargs)
+def shell(cmd, *, check: bool, **kwargs):
+    return run([cmd], shell=True, check=check, **kwargs)
 
 
 def git_repo_has_changes():
-    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --").returncode != 0
-    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --").returncode != 0
+    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
+    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
     return unstaged_changes or staged_changes
 
 
@@ -34,7 +34,12 @@ def generate_basic_project(path):
     project.generate(path)
 
 
-CIService = namedtuple("CIService", "name dst_config_path badge_md")
+class CIService(typing.NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    dst_config_path: str
+    badge_md: str
+
+
 services = [
     CIService(
         name="appveyor",
@@ -163,7 +168,7 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
     finally:
         # remove any local changes
         shutil.rmtree(example_project, ignore_errors=True)
-        shell("git checkout -- .")
+        shell("git checkout -- .", check=True)
         shell(f"git checkout {previous_branch}", check=True)
         shell(f"git branch -D --force {branch_name}", check=True)
 

bin/run_tests.py

@@ -9,10 +9,17 @@ import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    default_cpu_count = os.cpu_count() or 2
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         "--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests (linux only)"
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--num-processes",
+        action="store",
+        default=default_cpu_count,
+        help="number of processes to use for testing",
+    )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     # move cwd to the project root
@@ -35,7 +42,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         sys.executable,
         "-m",
         "pytest",
-        "--numprocesses=2",
+        f"--numprocesses={args.num_processes}",
         "-x",
         "--durations",
         "0",

bin/sample_build.py

@@ -24,4 +24,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         check=True,
     )
 
-    sys.exit(subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-m", "cibuildwheel"], cwd=project_dir).returncode)
+    sys.exit(
+        subprocess.run(
+            [sys.executable, "-m", "cibuildwheel"], cwd=project_dir, check=False
+        ).returncode
+    )

bin/update_docker.py

@@ -59,6 +59,12 @@ images = [
     Image("musllinux_1_1", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64", None),
     Image("musllinux_1_1", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le", None),
     Image("musllinux_1_1", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x", None),
+    # musllinux_1_2 images
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le", None),
+    Image("musllinux_1_2", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x", None),
 ]
 
 config = configparser.ConfigParser()

bin/update_how_it_works_image.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
 try:
-    from html2image import Html2Image  # type: ignore[import]
+    from html2image import Html2Image  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
 except ImportError:
     sys.exit(
         """
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ except ImportError:
 
 
 def main():
-    subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build"])
+    subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build"], check=True)
 
     hti = Html2Image(custom_flags=["--force-device-scale-factor=2"])
 

bin/update_pythons.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import difflib
 import logging
 from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Union
+from typing import Any, Final, Literal, TypedDict, Union
 
 import click
 import requests
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
 from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
-from cibuildwheel._compat.typing import Final, Literal, TypedDict
 from cibuildwheel.extra import dump_python_configurations
 
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:
 
     def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigWinCP:
         releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])
         releases = [r for r in releases if self.get_arch_file(r)]
 
         if not releases:
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
         releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
-        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])
 
         if not releases:
             msg = f"PyPy macOS {self.arch} not found for {spec}!"
@@ -205,10 +204,8 @@ class CPythonVersions:
         unsorted_versions = spec.filter(self.versions_dict)
         sorted_versions = sorted(unsorted_versions, reverse=True)
 
-        if version <= Version("3.8.9999"):
-            file_ident = "macosx10.9.pkg"
-        else:
-            file_ident = "macos11.pkg"
+        macver = "x10.9" if version <= Version("3.8.9999") else "11"
+        file_ident = f"macos{macver}.pkg"
 
         for new_version in sorted_versions:
             # Find the first patch version that contains the requested file

bin/update_virtualenv.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import logging
 import subprocess
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Final
 
 import click
 import rich
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@ from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
 from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
-from cibuildwheel._compat.typing import Final
 
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
 
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ def git_ls_remote_versions(url) -> list[VersionTuple]:
             if version.is_prerelease:
                 log.info("Ignoring pre-release %r", str(version))
                 continue
+            # Do not upgrade past 20.22.0 to keep python 3.6 compat
+            if version >= Version("20.22.0"):
+                log.info("Ignoring %r which is not compatible with python 3.6", str(version))
+                continue
             versions.append(VersionTuple(version, version_string))
         except InvalidVersion:
             log.warning("Ignoring ref %r", ref)

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-__version__ = "2.12.3"
+__version__ = "2.17.0"

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@ import typing
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import mkdtemp
+from typing import Protocol
 
 import cibuildwheel
 import cibuildwheel.linux
 import cibuildwheel.macos
 import cibuildwheel.util
 import cibuildwheel.windows
-from cibuildwheel._compat.typing import Protocol, assert_never
+from cibuildwheel._compat.typing import assert_never
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, allowed_architectures_check
 from cibuildwheel.logger import log
 from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments, Options, compute_options
@@ -48,10 +49,9 @@ def main() -> None:
         default=None,
         help="""
             Platform to build for. Use this option to override the
-            auto-detected platform or to run cibuildwheel on your development
-            machine. Specifying "macos" or "windows" only works on that
-            operating system, but "linux" works on all three, as long as
-            Docker/Podman is installed. Default: auto.
+            auto-detected platform. Specifying "macos" or "windows" only works
+            on that operating system, but "linux" works on all three, as long
+            as Docker/Podman is installed. Default: auto.
         """,
     )
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def main() -> None:
         # This is now the new package dir
         args.package_dir = project_dir.resolve()
 
-        with chdir(temp_dir):
+        with chdir(project_dir):
             build_in_directory(args)
     finally:
         # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
@@ -183,20 +183,7 @@ def _compute_platform_only(only: str) -> PlatformName:
     sys.exit(2)
 
 
-def _compute_platform_ci() -> PlatformName:
-    if detect_ci_provider() is None:
-        print(
-            textwrap.dedent(
-                """
-                cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform. cibuildwheel should run on your CI server;
-                Travis CI, AppVeyor, Azure Pipelines, GitHub Actions, CircleCI, Gitlab, and Cirrus CI
-                are supported. You can run on your development machine or other CI providers
-                using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information.
-                """
-            ),
-            file=sys.stderr,
-        )
-        sys.exit(2)
+def _compute_platform_auto() -> PlatformName:
     if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
         return "linux"
     elif sys.platform == "darwin":
@@ -205,8 +192,9 @@ def _compute_platform_ci() -> PlatformName:
         return "windows"
     else:
         print(
-            'cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform from "sys.platform" in a CI environment. You can run '
-            "cibuildwheel using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information.",
+            'cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform from "sys.platform". cibuildwheel doesn\'t '
+            "support building wheels for this platform. You might be able to build for a different "
+            "platform using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information.",
             file=sys.stderr,
         )
         sys.exit(2)
@@ -237,7 +225,7 @@ def _compute_platform(args: CommandLineArguments) -> PlatformName:
     elif platform_option_value != "auto":
         return typing.cast(PlatformName, platform_option_value)
 
-    return _compute_platform_ci()
+    return _compute_platform_auto()
 
 
 class PlatformModule(Protocol):
@@ -260,7 +248,7 @@ def get_platform_module(platform: PlatformName) -> PlatformModule:
         return cibuildwheel.windows
     if platform == "macos":
         return cibuildwheel.macos
-    assert_never(platform)  # noqa: RET503
+    assert_never(platform)
 
 
 def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
@@ -291,7 +279,9 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
     # Add CIBUILDWHEEL environment variable
     os.environ["CIBUILDWHEEL"] = "1"
 
-    # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to 'print'
+    # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving
+    # problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to
+    # 'print'
     sys.stdout = Unbuffered(sys.stdout)  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
     # create the cache dir before it gets printed & builds performed

cibuildwheel/_compat/_functools_cached_property_38.py

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import typing
-from collections.abc import Callable
-from threading import RLock
-from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
-
-__all__ = ["cached_property"]
-
-_NOT_FOUND = object()
-
-_T = TypeVar("_T")
-
-
-class cached_property(Generic[_T]):
-    def __init__(self, func: Callable[[Any], _T]):
-        self.func = func
-        self.attrname: str | None = None
-        self.__doc__ = func.__doc__
-        self.lock = RLock()
-
-    def __set_name__(self, owner: type[Any], name: str) -> None:
-        if self.attrname is None:
-            self.attrname = name
-        elif name != self.attrname:
-            msg = f"Cannot assign the same cached_property to two different names ({self.attrname!r} and {name!r})."
-            raise TypeError(msg)
-
-    @typing.overload
-    def __get__(self, instance: None, owner: type[Any] | None = ...) -> cached_property[_T]:
-        ...
-
-    @typing.overload
-    def __get__(self, instance: object, owner: type[Any] | None = ...) -> _T:
-        ...
-
-    def __get__(self, instance: object | None, owner: type[Any] | None = None) -> Any:
-        if instance is None:
-            return self
-        if self.attrname is None:
-            msg = "Cannot use cached_property instance without calling __set_name__ on it."
-            raise TypeError(msg)
-        try:
-            cache = instance.__dict__
-        except AttributeError:  # not all objects have __dict__ (e.g. class defines slots)
-            msg = (
-                f"No '__dict__' attribute on {type(instance).__name__!r} "
-                f"instance to cache {self.attrname!r} property."
-            )
-            raise TypeError(msg) from None
-        val = cache.get(self.attrname, _NOT_FOUND)
-        if val is _NOT_FOUND:
-            with self.lock:
-                # check if another thread filled cache while we awaited lock
-                val = cache.get(self.attrname, _NOT_FOUND)
-                if val is _NOT_FOUND:
-                    val = self.func(instance)
-                    try:
-                        cache[self.attrname] = val
-                    except TypeError:
-                        msg = (
-                            f"The '__dict__' attribute on {type(instance).__name__!r} instance "
-                            f"does not support item assignment for caching {self.attrname!r} property."
-                        )
-                        raise TypeError(msg) from None
-        return val

cibuildwheel/_compat/functools.py

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import sys
-
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
-    from functools import cached_property
-else:
-    from ._functools_cached_property_38 import cached_property
-
-__all__ = ("cached_property",)

cibuildwheel/_compat/tomllib.py

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import sys
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
-    from tomllib import load  # noqa: TID251
+    from tomllib import load, loads
 else:
-    from tomli import load  # noqa: TID251
+    from tomli import load, loads
 
-__all__ = ("load",)
+__all__ = ["load", "loads"]

cibuildwheel/_compat/typing.py

@@ -2,23 +2,13 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
-    from typing_extensions import Final, Literal, OrderedDict, Protocol, TypedDict
-else:
-    from typing import Final, Literal, OrderedDict, Protocol, TypedDict  # noqa: TID251
-
 if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
-    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, assert_never
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, Self, assert_never
 else:
-    from typing import NotRequired, assert_never  # noqa: TID251
+    from typing import NotRequired, Self, assert_never
 
 __all__ = (
-    "Final",
-    "Literal",
-    "Protocol",
-    "Protocol",
-    "TypedDict",
-    "OrderedDict",
     "assert_never",
     "NotRequired",
+    "Self",
 )

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -6,11 +6,16 @@ import re
 import sys
 from collections.abc import Set
 from enum import Enum
+from typing import Final, Literal
 
-from ._compat.typing import Final, Literal, assert_never
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .typing import PlatformName
 
-PRETTY_NAMES: Final = {"linux": "Linux", "macos": "macOS", "windows": "Windows"}
+PRETTY_NAMES: Final[dict[PlatformName, str]] = {
+    "linux": "Linux",
+    "macos": "macOS",
+    "windows": "Windows",
+}
 
 ARCH_SYNONYMS: Final[list[dict[PlatformName, str | None]]] = [
     {"linux": "x86_64", "macos": "x86_64", "windows": "AMD64"},

cibuildwheel/environment.py

@@ -2,13 +2,12 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import dataclasses
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Protocol
 
 import bashlex
 import bashlex.errors
 
 from . import bashlex_eval
-from ._compat.typing import Protocol
 
 
 class EnvironmentParseError(Exception):
@@ -125,8 +124,12 @@ class ParsedEnvironment:
 
         return environment
 
-    def add(self, name: str, value: str) -> None:
-        self.assignments.append(EnvironmentAssignmentRaw(name=name, value=value))
+    def add(self, name: str, value: str, prepend: bool = False) -> None:
+        assignment = EnvironmentAssignmentRaw(name=name, value=value)
+        if prepend:
+            self.assignments.insert(0, assignment)
+        else:
+            self.assignments.append(assignment)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({[repr(a) for a in self.assignments]!r})"

cibuildwheel/extra.py

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from io import StringIO
-
-from ._compat.typing import Protocol
+from typing import Protocol
 
 __all__ = ("Printable", "dump_python_configurations")
 
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ class Printable(Protocol):
 
 
 def dump_python_configurations(
-    inp: Mapping[str, Mapping[str, Sequence[Mapping[str, Printable]]]]
+    inp: Mapping[str, Mapping[str, Sequence[Mapping[str, Printable]]]],
 ) -> str:
     output = StringIO()
     for header, values in inp.items():

cibuildwheel/linux.py

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ import textwrap
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, Set
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
-from typing import Tuple
+from typing import OrderedDict, Tuple
 
-from ._compat.typing import OrderedDict, assert_never
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .logger import log
 from .oci_container import OCIContainer
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ from .options import Options
 from .typing import PathOrStr
 from .util import (
     AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
-    build_frontend_or_default,
     find_compatible_wheel,
     get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
     prepare_command,
@@ -117,10 +117,20 @@ def check_all_python_exist(
     *, platform_configs: Iterable[PythonConfiguration], container: OCIContainer
 ) -> None:
     exist = True
+    has_manylinux_interpreters = True
     messages = []
+
+    try:
+        # use capture_output to keep quiet
+        container.call(["manylinux-interpreters", "--help"], capture_output=True)
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+        has_manylinux_interpreters = False
+
     for config in platform_configs:
         python_path = config.path / "bin" / "python"
         try:
+            if has_manylinux_interpreters:
+                container.call(["manylinux-interpreters", "ensure", config.path.name])
             container.call(["test", "-x", python_path])
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
             messages.append(
@@ -177,7 +187,7 @@ def build_in_container(
     for config in platform_configs:
         log.build_start(config.identifier)
         build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-        build_frontend = build_frontend_or_default(build_options.build_frontend)
+        build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
 
         dependency_constraint_flags: list[PathOrStr] = []
 
@@ -185,7 +195,7 @@ def build_in_container(
             constraints_file = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
                 config.version
             )
-            container_constraints_file = PurePath("/constraints.txt")
+            container_constraints_file = PurePosixPath("/constraints.txt")
 
             container.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
             dependency_constraint_flags = ["-c", container_constraints_file]
@@ -243,9 +253,10 @@ def build_in_container(
             container.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
             container.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
 
-            extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, build_frontend)
+            extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name)
+            extra_flags += build_frontend.args
 
-            if build_frontend == "pip":
+            if build_frontend.name == "pip":
                 extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                 container.call(
                     [
@@ -260,7 +271,7 @@ def build_in_container(
                     ],
                     env=env,
                 )
-            elif build_frontend == "build":
+            elif build_frontend.name == "build":
                 if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
                     msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
                     log.warning(msg)
@@ -349,6 +360,7 @@ def build_in_container(
                 build_options.test_command,
                 project=container_project_path,
                 package=container_package_dir,
+                wheel=wheel_to_test,
             )
             test_cwd = testing_temp_dir / "test_cwd"
             container.call(["mkdir", "-p", test_cwd])
@@ -379,7 +391,9 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
     try:
         # check the container engine is installed
         subprocess.run(
-            [options.globals.container_engine, "--version"], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL
+            [options.globals.container_engine.name, "--version"],
+            check=True,
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
         )
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
         print(
@@ -419,7 +433,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
 
             with OCIContainer(
                 image=build_step.container_image,
-                simulate_32_bit=build_step.platform_tag.endswith("i686"),
+                enforce_32_bit=build_step.platform_tag.endswith("i686"),
                 cwd=container_project_path,
                 engine=options.globals.container_engine,
             ) as container:

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -5,19 +5,19 @@ import os
 import re
 import sys
 import time
-from typing import IO, AnyStr
+from typing import IO, AnyStr, Final, Tuple
 
-from ._compat.typing import Final
 from .util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
 
-DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN: Final = ("{name}", "")
-FOLD_PATTERNS: Final = {
+FoldPattern = Tuple[str, str]
+DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN: Final[FoldPattern] = ("{name}", "")
+FOLD_PATTERNS: Final[dict[str, FoldPattern]] = {
     "azure": ("##[group]{name}", "##[endgroup]"),
     "travis": ("travis_fold:start:{identifier}\n{name}", "travis_fold:end:{identifier}"),
     "github": ("::group::{name}", "::endgroup::{name}"),
 }
 
-PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS: Final = {
+PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS: Final[dict[str, str]] = {
     "manylinux_x86_64": "manylinux x86_64",
     "manylinux_i686": "manylinux i686",
     "manylinux_aarch64": "manylinux aarch64",

cibuildwheel/macos.py

@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ import typing
 from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Tuple
+from typing import Literal, Tuple
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from ._compat.typing import Literal, assert_never
+from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
 from .logger import log
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ from .typing import PathOrStr
 from .util import (
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
     AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
-    BuildFrontend,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildFrontendName,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
-    build_frontend_or_default,
     call,
     detect_ci_provider,
     download,
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def setup_python(
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
     dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontend,
+    build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
 ) -> dict[str, str]:
     tmp.mkdir()
     implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
@@ -287,8 +287,6 @@ def setup_python(
             "pip",
             "install",
             "--upgrade",
-            "setuptools",
-            "wheel",
             "delocate",
             *dependency_constraint_flags,
             env=env,
@@ -334,7 +332,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_frontend_or_default(build_options.build_frontend)
+            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
             identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
@@ -357,7 +355,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 config,
                 dependency_constraint_flags,
                 build_options.environment,
-                build_frontend,
+                build_frontend.name,
             )
 
             compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
@@ -378,9 +376,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 log.step("Building wheel...")
                 built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
-                extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, build_frontend)
+                extra_flags = split_config_settings(
+                    build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name
+                )
+                extra_flags += build_frontend.args
 
-                if build_frontend == "pip":
+                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
                     extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                     # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                     # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
@@ -395,7 +396,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         *extra_flags,
                         env=env,
                     )
-                elif build_frontend == "build":
+                elif build_frontend.name == "build":
                     if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
                         msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
                         log.warning(msg)
@@ -406,7 +407,11 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                                 config.version
                             )
                         )
-                        build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = constraint_path.as_uri()
+                        user_constraints = build_env.get("PIP_CONSTRAINT")
+                        our_constraints = constraint_path.as_uri()
+                        build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = " ".join(
+                            c for c in [user_constraints, our_constraints] if c
+                        )
                     build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = get_pip_version(env)
                     call(
                         "python",
@@ -485,10 +490,9 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                                 unwrap(
                                     """
                                     While arm64 wheels can be built on x86_64, they cannot be
-                                    tested. The ability to test the arm64 wheels will be added in a
-                                    future release of cibuildwheel, once Apple Silicon CI runners
-                                    are widely available. To silence this warning, set
-                                    `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: *-macosx_arm64`.
+                                    tested. Consider building arm64 wheels natively, if your CI
+                                    provider offers this. To silence this warning, set
+                                    `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-macosx_arm64"`.
                                     """
                                 )
                             )
@@ -497,11 +501,11 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                                 unwrap(
                                     """
                                     While universal2 wheels can be built on x86_64, the arm64 part
-                                    of them cannot currently be tested. The ability to test the
-                                    arm64 part of a universal2 wheel will be added in a future
-                                    release of cibuildwheel, once Apple Silicon CI runners are
-                                    widely available. To silence this warning, set
-                                    `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: *-macosx_universal2:arm64`.
+                                    of the wheel cannot be tested on x86_64. Consider building
+                                    universal2 wheels on an arm64 runner, if your CI provider offers
+                                    this. Notably, an arm64 runner can also test the x86_64 part of
+                                    the wheel, through Rosetta emulation. To silence this warning,
+                                    set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-macosx_universal2:arm64"`.
                                     """
                                 )
                             )
@@ -522,7 +526,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                                 Silicon machine. This is because we use the x86_64 installer of
                                 CPython 3.8. See the discussion in
                                 https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/1169 for the details. To
-                                silence this warning, set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: cp38-macosx_*:arm64`.
+                                silence this warning, set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "cp38-macosx_*:arm64"`.
                                 """
                             )
                         )
@@ -540,7 +544,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
                     call("pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
 
-                    venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "venv-test"
+                    venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / f"venv-test-{testing_arch}"
 
                     arch_prefix = []
                     if testing_arch != machine_arch:
@@ -579,17 +583,37 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         shell_with_arch(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)
 
                     # install the wheel
+                    if is_cp38 and python_arch == "x86_64":
+                        virtualenv_env_install_wheel = virtualenv_env.copy()
+                        virtualenv_env_install_wheel["SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT"] = "0"
+                        log.notice(
+                            unwrap(
+                                """
+                                Setting SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT=0 to ensure CPython 3.8 can get
+                                correct macOS version and allow installation of wheels with
+                                MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET >= 11.0.
+                                See https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/1767 for the
+                                details.
+                                """
+                            )
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        virtualenv_env_install_wheel = virtualenv_env
+
                     call_with_arch(
                         "pip",
                         "install",
                         f"{repaired_wheel}{build_options.test_extras}",
-                        env=virtualenv_env,
+                        env=virtualenv_env_install_wheel,
                     )
 
                     # test the wheel
                     if build_options.test_requires:
                         call_with_arch(
-                            "pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env
+                            "pip",
+                            "install",
+                            *build_options.test_requires,
+                            env=virtualenv_env_install_wheel,
                         )
 
                     # run the tests from a temp dir, with an absolute path in the command
@@ -599,6 +623,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         build_options.test_command,
                         project=Path(".").resolve(),
                         package=build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
+                        wheel=repaired_wheel,
                     )
 
                     test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -11,15 +11,68 @@ import sys
 import typing
 import uuid
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import IO, Dict
+from typing import IO, Dict, Literal
 
-from ._compat.typing import Literal
+from ._compat.typing import Self
 from .typing import PathOrStr, PopenBytes
-from .util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
+from .util import (
+    CIProvider,
+    call,
+    detect_ci_provider,
+    parse_key_value_string,
+    strtobool,
+)
 
-ContainerEngine = Literal["docker", "podman"]
+ContainerEngineName = Literal["docker", "podman"]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
+    name: ContainerEngineName
+    create_args: Sequence[str] = ()
+    disable_host_mount: bool = False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_config_string(config_string: str) -> OCIContainerEngineConfig:
+        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(
+            config_string,
+            ["name"],
+            ["create_args", "create-args", "disable_host_mount", "disable-host-mount"],
+        )
+        name = " ".join(config_dict["name"])
+        if name not in {"docker", "podman"}:
+            msg = f"unknown container engine {name}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        name = typing.cast(ContainerEngineName, name)
+        # some flexibility in the option names to cope with TOML conventions
+        create_args = config_dict.get("create_args") or config_dict.get("create-args") or []
+        disable_host_mount_options = (
+            config_dict.get("disable_host_mount") or config_dict.get("disable-host-mount") or []
+        )
+        disable_host_mount = (
+            strtobool(disable_host_mount_options[-1]) if disable_host_mount_options else False
+        )
+
+        return OCIContainerEngineConfig(
+            name=name, create_args=create_args, disable_host_mount=disable_host_mount
+        )
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
+        if not self.create_args:
+            return self.name
+        else:
+            return {
+                "name": self.name,
+                "create_args": repr(self.create_args),
+                "disable_host_mount": str(self.disable_host_mount),
+            }
+
+
+DEFAULT_ENGINE = OCIContainerEngineConfig("docker")
 
 
 class OCIContainer:
@@ -55,21 +108,21 @@ class OCIContainer:
         self,
         *,
         image: str,
-        simulate_32_bit: bool = False,
+        enforce_32_bit: bool = False,
         cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
-        engine: ContainerEngine = "docker",
+        engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig = DEFAULT_ENGINE,
     ):
         if not image:
             msg = "Must have a non-empty image to run."
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
         self.image = image
-        self.simulate_32_bit = simulate_32_bit
+        self.enforce_32_bit = enforce_32_bit
         self.cwd = cwd
         self.name: str | None = None
         self.engine = engine
 
-    def __enter__(self) -> OCIContainer:
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
         self.name = f"cibuildwheel-{uuid.uuid4()}"
 
         # work-around for Travis-CI PPC64le Docker runs since 2021:
@@ -80,17 +133,29 @@ class OCIContainer:
         if detect_ci_provider() == CIProvider.travis_ci and platform.machine() == "ppc64le":
             network_args = ["--network=host"]
 
-        shell_args = ["linux32", "/bin/bash"] if self.simulate_32_bit else ["/bin/bash"]
+        simulate_32_bit = False
+        if self.enforce_32_bit:
+            # If the architecture running the image is already the right one
+            # or the image entrypoint takes care of enforcing this, then we don't need to
+            # simulate this
+            container_machine = call(
+                self.engine.name, "run", "--rm", self.image, "uname", "-m", capture_stdout=True
+            ).strip()
+            simulate_32_bit = container_machine != "i686"
+
+        shell_args = ["linux32", "/bin/bash"] if simulate_32_bit else ["/bin/bash"]
 
         subprocess.run(
             [
-                self.engine,
+                self.engine.name,
                 "create",
                 "--env=CIBUILDWHEEL",
+                "--env=SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH",
                 f"--name={self.name}",
                 "--interactive",
-                "--volume=/:/host",  # ignored on CircleCI
+                *(["--volume=/:/host"] if not self.engine.disable_host_mount else []),
                 *network_args,
+                *self.engine.create_args,
                 self.image,
                 *shell_args,
             ],
@@ -99,7 +164,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
 
         self.process = subprocess.Popen(
             [
-                self.engine,
+                self.engine.name,
                 "start",
                 "--attach",
                 "--interactive",
@@ -137,7 +202,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
         self.bash_stdin.close()
         self.bash_stdout.close()
 
-        if self.engine == "podman":
+        if self.engine.name == "podman":
             # This works around what seems to be a race condition in the podman
             # backend. The full reason is not understood. See PR #966 for a
             # discussion on possible causes and attempts to remove this line.
@@ -146,12 +211,14 @@ class OCIContainer:
 
         assert isinstance(self.name, str)
 
-        subprocess.run(
-            [self.engine, "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name],
-            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-            check=False,
-        )
-        self.name = None
+        keep_container = strtobool(os.environ.get("CIBW_DEBUG_KEEP_CONTAINER", ""))
+        if not keep_container:
+            subprocess.run(
+                [self.engine.name, "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name],
+                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                check=False,
+            )
+            self.name = None
 
     def copy_into(self, from_path: Path, to_path: PurePath) -> None:
         # `docker cp` causes 'no space left on device' error when
@@ -162,7 +229,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
         if from_path.is_dir():
             self.call(["mkdir", "-p", to_path])
             subprocess.run(
-                f"tar cf - . | {self.engine} exec -i {self.name} tar --no-same-owner -xC {shell_quote(to_path)} -f -",
+                f"tar cf - . | {self.engine.name} exec -i {self.name} tar --no-same-owner -xC {shell_quote(to_path)} -f -",
                 shell=True,
                 check=True,
                 cwd=from_path,
@@ -171,7 +238,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
             exec_process: subprocess.Popen[bytes]
             with subprocess.Popen(
                 [
-                    self.engine,
+                    self.engine.name,
                     "exec",
                     "-i",
                     str(self.name),
@@ -198,10 +265,10 @@ class OCIContainer:
         # note: we assume from_path is a dir
         to_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
-        if self.engine == "podman":
+        if self.engine.name == "podman":
             subprocess.run(
                 [
-                    self.engine,
+                    self.engine.name,
                     "cp",
                     f"{self.name}:{from_path}/.",
                     str(to_path),
@@ -209,10 +276,10 @@ class OCIContainer:
                 check=True,
                 cwd=to_path,
             )
-        elif self.engine == "docker":
+        elif self.engine.name == "docker":
             # There is a bug in docker that prevents a simple 'cp' invocation
             # from working https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/38995
-            command = f"{self.engine} exec -i {self.name} tar -cC {shell_quote(from_path)} -f - . | tar -xf -"
+            command = f"{self.engine.name} exec -i {self.name} tar -cC {shell_quote(from_path)} -f - . | tar -xf -"
             subprocess.run(
                 command,
                 shell=True,
@@ -220,7 +287,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
                 cwd=to_path,
             )
         else:
-            raise KeyError(self.engine)
+            raise KeyError(self.engine.name)
 
     def glob(self, path: PurePosixPath, pattern: str) -> list[PurePosixPath]:
         glob_pattern = path.joinpath(pattern)
@@ -338,10 +405,10 @@ class OCIContainer:
         return self.call(command, env=environment, capture_output=True)
 
     def debug_info(self) -> str:
-        if self.engine == "podman":
-            command = f"{self.engine} info --debug"
+        if self.engine.name == "podman":
+            command = f"{self.engine.name} info --debug"
         else:
-            command = f"{self.engine} info"
+            command = f"{self.engine.name} info"
         completed = subprocess.run(
             command,
             shell=True,

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -5,30 +5,30 @@ import configparser
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
 import difflib
+import enum
 import functools
 import shlex
 import sys
 import textwrap
 import traceback
-import typing
-from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, Set
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Iterator, Set
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union
+from typing import Any, Literal, Mapping, Sequence, TypedDict, Union  # noqa: TID251
 
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 
 from ._compat import tomllib
-from ._compat.typing import Literal, NotRequired, TypedDict
+from ._compat.typing import NotRequired, assert_never
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
 from .logger import log
-from .oci_container import ContainerEngine
+from .oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
 from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str
 from .typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
 from .util import (
     MANYLINUX_ARCHS,
     MUSLLINUX_ARCHS,
-    BuildFrontend,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
     BuildSelector,
     DependencyConstraints,
     TestSelector,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class GlobalOptions:
     build_selector: BuildSelector
     test_selector: TestSelector
     architectures: set[Architecture]
-    container_engine: ContainerEngine
+    container_engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class BuildOptions:
     test_requires: list[str]
     test_extras: str
     build_verbosity: int
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontend | Literal["default"]
+    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig | None
     config_settings: str
 
     @property
@@ -117,13 +117,14 @@ class BuildOptions:
         return self.globals.architectures
 
 
-Setting = Union[Dict[str, str], List[str], str, int]
+Setting = Union[Mapping[str, str], Sequence[str], str, int]
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class Override:
     select_pattern: str
     options: dict[str, Setting]
+    inherit: dict[str, InheritRule]
 
 
 MANYLINUX_OPTIONS = {f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image" for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS}
@@ -136,8 +137,14 @@ DISALLOWED_OPTIONS = {
 
 
 class TableFmt(TypedDict):
+    # a format string, used with '.format', with `k` and `v` parameters
+    # e.g. "{k}={v}"
     item: str
+    # the string that is inserted between items
+    # e.g. " "
     sep: str
+    # a quoting function that, if supplied, is called to quote each value
+    # e.g. shlex.quote
     quote: NotRequired[Callable[[str], str]]
 
 
@@ -145,28 +152,115 @@ class ConfigOptionError(KeyError):
     pass
 
 
-def _dig_first(*pairs: tuple[Mapping[str, Setting], str], ignore_empty: bool = False) -> Setting:
-    """
-    Return the first dict item that matches from pairs of dicts and keys.
-    Will throw a KeyError if missing.
+class InheritRule(enum.Enum):
+    NONE = enum.auto()
+    APPEND = enum.auto()
+    PREPEND = enum.auto()
 
-    _dig_first((dict1, "key1"), (dict2, "key2"), ...)
+
+def _resolve_cascade(
+    *pairs: tuple[Setting | None, InheritRule],
+    ignore_empty: bool = False,
+    list_sep: str | None = None,
+    table_format: TableFmt | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Given a cascade of values with inherit rules, resolve them into a single
+    value.
+
+    'None' values mean that the option was not set at that level, and are
+    ignored. If `ignore_empty` is True, empty values are ignored too.
+
+    Values start with defaults, followed by more specific rules. If rules are
+    NONE, the last non-null value is returned. If a rule is APPEND or PREPEND,
+    the value is concatenated with the previous value.
+
+    The following idiom can be used to get the first matching value:
+
+        _resolve_cascade(("value1", Inherit.NONE), ("value2", Inherit.NONE), ...)))
     """
     if not pairs:
         msg = "pairs cannot be empty"
         raise ValueError(msg)
 
-    for dict_like, key in pairs:
-        if key in dict_like:
-            value = dict_like[key]
+    result: str | None = None
 
-            if ignore_empty and value == "":  # noqa: PLC1901
-                continue
+    if table_format is not None:
+        merge_sep = table_format["sep"]
+    elif list_sep is not None:
+        merge_sep = list_sep
+    else:
+        merge_sep = None
 
-            return value
+    for value, rule in pairs:
+        if value is None:
+            continue
 
-    last_key = pairs[-1][1]
-    raise KeyError(last_key)
+        if ignore_empty and not value:
+            continue
+
+        value_string = _stringify_setting(value, list_sep, table_format)
+
+        result = _merge_values(
+            result,
+            value_string,
+            rule=rule,
+            merge_sep=merge_sep,
+        )
+
+    if result is None:
+        msg = "a setting should at least have a default value"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _merge_values(before: str | None, after: str, rule: InheritRule, merge_sep: str | None) -> str:
+    if rule == InheritRule.NONE:
+        return after
+
+    if not before:
+        # if before is None, we can just return after
+        # if before is an empty string, we shouldn't add any separator
+        return after
+
+    if not after:
+        # if after is an empty string, we shouldn't add any separator
+        return before
+
+    if not merge_sep:
+        msg = f"Don't know how to merge {before!r} and {after!r} with {rule}"
+        raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+
+    if rule == InheritRule.APPEND:
+        return f"{before}{merge_sep}{after}"
+    elif rule == InheritRule.PREPEND:
+        return f"{after}{merge_sep}{before}"
+    else:
+        assert_never(rule)
+
+
+def _stringify_setting(
+    setting: Setting, list_sep: str | None, table_format: TableFmt | None
+) -> str:
+    if isinstance(setting, Mapping):
+        if table_format is None:
+            msg = f"Error converting {setting!r} to a string: this setting doesn't accept a table"
+            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+        return table_format["sep"].join(
+            item for k, v in setting.items() for item in _inner_fmt(k, v, table_format)
+        )
+
+    if not isinstance(setting, str) and isinstance(setting, Sequence):
+        if list_sep is None:
+            msg = f"Error converting {setting!r} to a string: this setting doesn't accept a list"
+            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+        return list_sep.join(setting)
+
+    if isinstance(setting, int):
+        return str(setting)
+
+    return setting
 
 
 class OptionsReader:
@@ -239,7 +333,16 @@ class OptionsReader:
                 if isinstance(select, list):
                     select = " ".join(select)
 
-                self.overrides.append(Override(select, config_override))
+                inherit = config_override.pop("inherit", {})
+                if not isinstance(inherit, dict) or not all(
+                    i in {"none", "append", "prepend"} for i in inherit.values()
+                ):
+                    msg = "'inherit' must be a dict containing only {'none', 'append', 'prepend'} values"
+                    raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
+
+                inherit_enum = {k: InheritRule[v.upper()] for k, v in inherit.items()}
+
+                self.overrides.append(Override(select, config_override, inherit_enum))
 
     def _validate_global_option(self, name: str) -> None:
         """
@@ -307,8 +410,8 @@ class OptionsReader:
         name: str,
         *,
         env_plat: bool = True,
-        sep: str | None = None,
-        table: TableFmt | None = None,
+        list_sep: str | None = None,
+        table_format: TableFmt | None = None,
         ignore_empty: bool = False,
     ) -> str:
         """
@@ -330,41 +433,24 @@ class OptionsReader:
         envvar = f"CIBW_{name.upper().replace('-', '_')}"
         plat_envvar = f"{envvar}_{self.platform.upper()}"
 
-        # later overrides take precedence over earlier ones, so reverse the list
-        active_config_overrides = reversed(self.active_config_overrides)
-
-        # get the option from the environment, then the config file, then finally the default.
+        # get the option from the default, then the config file, then finally the environment.
         # platform-specific options are preferred, if they're allowed.
-        result = _dig_first(
-            (self.env if env_plat else {}, plat_envvar),
-            (self.env, envvar),
-            *[(o.options, name) for o in active_config_overrides],
-            (self.config_platform_options, name),
-            (self.config_options, name),
-            (self.default_platform_options, name),
-            (self.default_options, name),
+        return _resolve_cascade(
+            (self.default_options.get(name), InheritRule.NONE),
+            (self.default_platform_options.get(name), InheritRule.NONE),
+            (self.config_options.get(name), InheritRule.NONE),
+            (self.config_platform_options.get(name), InheritRule.NONE),
+            *[
+                (o.options.get(name), o.inherit.get(name, InheritRule.NONE))
+                for o in self.active_config_overrides
+            ],
+            (self.env.get(envvar), InheritRule.NONE),
+            (self.env.get(plat_envvar) if env_plat else None, InheritRule.NONE),
             ignore_empty=ignore_empty,
+            list_sep=list_sep,
+            table_format=table_format,
         )
 
-        if isinstance(result, dict):
-            if table is None:
-                msg = f"{name!r} does not accept a table"
-                raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
-            return table["sep"].join(
-                item for k, v in result.items() for item in _inner_fmt(k, v, table)
-            )
-
-        if isinstance(result, list):
-            if sep is None:
-                msg = f"{name!r} does not accept a list"
-                raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
-            return sep.join(result)
-
-        if isinstance(result, int):
-            return str(result)
-
-        return result
-
 
 def _inner_fmt(k: str, v: Any, table: TableFmt) -> Iterator[str]:
     quote_function = table.get("quote", lambda a: a)
@@ -373,6 +459,9 @@ def _inner_fmt(k: str, v: Any, table: TableFmt) -> Iterator[str]:
         for inner_v in v:
             qv = quote_function(inner_v)
             yield table["item"].format(k=k, v=qv)
+    elif isinstance(v, bool):
+        qv = quote_function(str(v))
+        yield table["item"].format(k=k, v=qv)
     else:
         qv = quote_function(v)
         yield table["item"].format(k=k, v=qv)
@@ -422,9 +511,9 @@ class Options:
         package_dir = args.package_dir
         output_dir = args.output_dir
 
-        build_config = self.reader.get("build", env_plat=False, sep=" ") or "*"
-        skip_config = self.reader.get("skip", env_plat=False, sep=" ")
-        test_skip = self.reader.get("test-skip", env_plat=False, sep=" ")
+        build_config = self.reader.get("build", env_plat=False, list_sep=" ") or "*"
+        skip_config = self.reader.get("skip", env_plat=False, list_sep=" ")
+        test_skip = self.reader.get("test-skip", env_plat=False, list_sep=" ")
 
         prerelease_pythons = args.prerelease_pythons or strtobool(
             self.env.get("CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS", "0")
@@ -437,7 +526,7 @@ class Options:
         )
         requires_python = None if requires_python_str is None else SpecifierSet(requires_python_str)
 
-        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", sep=" ")
+        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", list_sep=" ")
         architectures = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=self.platform)
 
         # Process `--only`
@@ -445,6 +534,7 @@ class Options:
             build_config = args.only
             skip_config = ""
             architectures = Architecture.all_archs(self.platform)
+            prerelease_pythons = True
 
         build_selector = BuildSelector(
             build_config=build_config,
@@ -454,15 +544,18 @@ class Options:
         )
         test_selector = TestSelector(skip_config=test_skip)
 
-        container_engine_str = self.reader.get("container-engine")
+        container_engine_str = self.reader.get(
+            "container-engine",
+            table_format={"item": "{k}:{v}", "sep": "; ", "quote": shlex.quote},
+        )
 
-        if container_engine_str not in ["docker", "podman"]:
-            msg = f"cibuildwheel: Unrecognised container_engine {container_engine_str!r}, only 'docker' and 'podman' are supported"
+        try:
+            container_engine = OCIContainerEngineConfig.from_config_string(container_engine_str)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            msg = f"cibuildwheel: Failed to parse container config. {e}"
             print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
             sys.exit(2)
 
-        container_engine = typing.cast(ContainerEngine, container_engine_str)
-
         return GlobalOptions(
             package_dir=package_dir,
             output_dir=output_dir,
@@ -478,37 +571,40 @@ class Options:
         """
 
         with self.reader.identifier(identifier):
-            before_all = self.reader.get("before-all", sep=" && ")
+            before_all = self.reader.get("before-all", list_sep=" && ")
 
-            build_frontend_str = self.reader.get("build-frontend", env_plat=False)
             environment_config = self.reader.get(
-                "environment", table={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "}
+                "environment", table_format={"item": '{k}="{v}"', "sep": " "}
             )
-            environment_pass = self.reader.get("environment-pass", sep=" ").split()
-            before_build = self.reader.get("before-build", sep=" && ")
-            repair_command = self.reader.get("repair-wheel-command", sep=" && ")
+            environment_pass = self.reader.get("environment-pass", list_sep=" ").split()
+            before_build = self.reader.get("before-build", list_sep=" && ")
+            repair_command = self.reader.get("repair-wheel-command", list_sep=" && ")
             config_settings = self.reader.get(
-                "config-settings", table={"item": "{k}={v}", "sep": " ", "quote": shlex.quote}
+                "config-settings",
+                table_format={"item": "{k}={v}", "sep": " ", "quote": shlex.quote},
             )
 
             dependency_versions = self.reader.get("dependency-versions")
-            test_command = self.reader.get("test-command", sep=" && ")
-            before_test = self.reader.get("before-test", sep=" && ")
-            test_requires = self.reader.get("test-requires", sep=" ").split()
-            test_extras = self.reader.get("test-extras", sep=",")
+            test_command = self.reader.get("test-command", list_sep=" && ")
+            before_test = self.reader.get("before-test", list_sep=" && ")
+            test_requires = self.reader.get("test-requires", list_sep=" ").split()
+            test_extras = self.reader.get("test-extras", list_sep=",")
             build_verbosity_str = self.reader.get("build-verbosity")
 
-            build_frontend: BuildFrontend | Literal["default"]
-            if build_frontend_str == "build":
-                build_frontend = "build"
-            elif build_frontend_str == "pip":
-                build_frontend = "pip"
-            elif build_frontend_str == "default":
-                build_frontend = "default"
+            build_frontend_str = self.reader.get(
+                "build-frontend",
+                env_plat=False,
+                table_format={"item": "{k}:{v}", "sep": "; ", "quote": shlex.quote},
+            )
+            build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig | None
+            if not build_frontend_str or build_frontend_str == "default":
+                build_frontend = None
             else:
-                msg = f"cibuildwheel: Unrecognised build frontend {build_frontend_str!r}, only 'pip' and 'build' are supported"
-                print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
-                sys.exit(2)
+                try:
+                    build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig.from_config_string(build_frontend_str)
+                except ValueError as e:
+                    print(f"cibuildwheel: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+                    sys.exit(2)
 
             try:
                 environment = parse_environment(environment_config)
@@ -522,9 +618,9 @@ class Options:
 
             # Pass through environment variables
             if self.platform == "linux":
-                for env_var_name in environment_pass:
+                for env_var_name in reversed(environment_pass):
                     with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
-                        environment.add(env_var_name, self.env[env_var_name])
+                        environment.add(env_var_name, self.env[env_var_name], prepend=True)
 
             if dependency_versions == "pinned":
                 dependency_constraints: None | (

cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py

@@ -3,23 +3,46 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import ast
 import configparser
 import contextlib
-import sys
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
 
 from ._compat import tomllib
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
-    Constant = ast.Str
 
-    def get_constant(x: ast.Str) -> str:
-        return x.s
+def get_parent(node: ast.AST | None, depth: int = 1) -> ast.AST | None:
+    for _ in range(depth):
+        node = getattr(node, "parent", None)
+    return node
 
-else:
-    Constant = ast.Constant
 
-    def get_constant(x: ast.Constant) -> Any:
-        return x.value
+def is_main(parent: ast.AST | None) -> bool:
+    if parent is None:
+        return False
+
+    # This would be much nicer with 3.10's pattern matching!
+    if not isinstance(parent, ast.If):
+        return False
+    if not isinstance(parent.test, ast.Compare):
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        (op,) = parent.test.ops
+        (comp,) = parent.test.comparators
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+
+    if not isinstance(op, ast.Eq):
+        return False
+
+    values = {comp, parent.test.left}
+
+    mains = {x for x in values if isinstance(x, ast.Constant) and x.value == "__main__"}
+    if len(mains) != 1:
+        return False
+    consts = {x for x in values if isinstance(x, ast.Name) and x.id == "__name__"}
+    if len(consts) != 1:
+        return False
+
+    return True
 
 
 class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
@@ -33,15 +56,24 @@ class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
         super().visit(node)
 
     def visit_keyword(self, node: ast.keyword) -> None:
+        # Must not be nested except for if __name__ == "__main__"
+
         self.generic_visit(node)
-        # Must not be nested in an if or other structure
         # This will be Module -> Expr -> Call -> keyword
+        parent = get_parent(node, 4)
+        unnested = parent is None
+
+        # This will be Module -> If -> Expr -> Call -> keyword
+        name_main_unnested = (
+            parent is not None and get_parent(parent) is None and is_main(get_parent(node, 3))
+        )
+
         if (
             node.arg == "python_requires"
-            and not hasattr(node.parent.parent.parent, "parent")  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-            and isinstance(node.value, Constant)
+            and isinstance(node.value, ast.Constant)
+            and (unnested or name_main_unnested)
         ):
-            self.requires_python = get_constant(node.value)
+            self.requires_python = node.value.value
 
 
 def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> str | None:

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -6,69 +6,82 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_i686", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_i686", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_i686", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_i686", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_i686", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_i686", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
   { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
   { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
 ]
 
 [macos]
@@ -84,14 +97,19 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.11/python-3.10.11-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.11/python-3.10.11-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.11/python-3.10.11-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.3/python-3.11.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.3/python-3.11.3-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_universal2", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.3/python-3.11.3-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.8/python-3.11.8-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.8/python-3.11.8-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_universal2", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.8/python-3.11.8-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.2/python-3.12.2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.2/python-3.12.2-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.2/python-3.12.2-macos11.pkg" },
   { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.11-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.11-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.15-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.15-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.15-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.15-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
 ]
 
 [windows]
@@ -106,12 +124,16 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.13", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.11", arch = "32" },
   { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.3", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.3", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.8", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.8", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.2", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.2", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.3", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.8", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.2", arch = "ARM64" },
   { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.15-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.15-win64.zip" },
 ]

cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json

@@ -0,0 +1,758 @@
+{
+  "$id": "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json",
+  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema",
+  "additionalProperties": false,
+  "description": "cibuildwheel's settings.",
+  "type": "object",
+  "defines": {
+    "inherit": {
+      "enum": [
+        "none",
+        "prepend",
+        "append"
+      ],
+      "default": "none",
+      "description": "How to inherit the parent's value."
+    }
+  },
+  "properties": {
+    "archs": {
+      "description": "Change the architectures built on your machine by default.",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_ARCHS"
+    },
+    "before-all": {
+      "description": "Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built.",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_BEFORE_ALL"
+    },
+    "before-build": {
+      "description": "Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build.",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD"
+    },
+    "before-test": {
+      "description": "Execute a shell command before testing each wheel.",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_BEFORE_TEST"
+    },
+    "build": {
+      "default": [
+        "*"
+      ],
+      "description": "Choose the Python versions to build.",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_BUILD"
+    },
+    "build-frontend": {
+      "default": "default",
+      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"pip\" (default for now) or \"build\"",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "enum": [
+            "pip",
+            "build",
+            "default"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^pip; ?args:"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^build; ?args:"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": [
+            "name"
+          ],
+          "properties": {
+            "name": {
+              "enum": [
+                "pip",
+                "build"
+              ]
+            },
+            "args": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND"
+    },
+    "build-verbosity": {
+      "type": "integer",
+      "minimum": -3,
+      "maximum": 3,
+      "default": 0,
+      "description": "Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel.",
+      "title": "CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY"
+    },
+    "config-settings": {
+      "description": "Specify config-settings for the build backend.",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "patternProperties": {
+            ".+": {
+              "oneOf": [
+                {
+                  "type": "string"
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "array",
+                  "items": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS"
+    },
+    "container-engine": {
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "enum": [
+            "docker",
+            "podman"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^docker; ?(create_args|disable_host_mount):"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^podman; ?(create_args|disable_host_mount):"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": [
+            "name"
+          ],
+          "properties": {
+            "name": {
+              "enum": [
+                "docker",
+                "podman"
+              ]
+            },
+            "create-args": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "disable-host-mount": {
+              "type": "boolean"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE"
+    },
+    "dependency-versions": {
+      "default": "pinned",
+      "description": "Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses",
+      "type": "string",
+      "title": "CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS"
+    },
+    "environment": {
+      "description": "Set environment variables needed during the build.",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "patternProperties": {
+            ".+": {
+              "type": "string"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT"
+    },
+    "environment-pass": {
+      "description": "Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build.",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS"
+    },
+    "manylinux-aarch64-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "manylinux-i686-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "manylinux-ppc64le-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_PPC64LE_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "manylinux-pypy_i686-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_I686_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "manylinux-s390x-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_S390X_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "manylinux-x86_64-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "musllinux-aarch64-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "musllinux-i686-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_I686_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "musllinux-ppc64le-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_PPC64LE_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "musllinux-s390x-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_S390X_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "musllinux-x86_64-image": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
+      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE"
+    },
+    "repair-wheel-command": {
+      "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND"
+    },
+    "skip": {
+      "description": "Choose the Python versions to skip.",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_SKIP"
+    },
+    "test-command": {
+      "description": "Execute a shell command to test each built wheel.",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND"
+    },
+    "test-extras": {
+      "description": "Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require`",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS"
+    },
+    "test-requires": {
+      "description": "Install Python dependencies before running the tests",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES"
+    },
+    "test-skip": {
+      "description": "Skip running tests on some builds.",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "type": "string"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_TEST_SKIP"
+    },
+    "overrides": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "description": "An overrides array",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "required": [
+          "select"
+        ],
+        "minProperties": 2,
+        "additionalProperties": false,
+        "properties": {
+          "select": {
+            "oneOf": [
+              {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "inherit": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "additionalProperties": false,
+            "properties": {
+              "before-all": {
+                "$ref": "#/defines/inherit"
+              },
+              "before-build": {
+                "$ref": "#/defines/inherit"
+              },
+              "before-test": {
+                "$ref": "#/defines/inherit"
+              },
+              "config-settings": {
+                "$ref": "#/defines/inherit"
+              },
+              "container-engine": {
+                "$ref": "#/defines/inherit"
+              },
+              "environment": {
+                "$ref": "#/defines/inherit"
+              },
+              "environment-pass": {
+                "$ref": "#/defines/inherit"
+              },
+              "repair-wheel-command": {
+                "$ref": "#/defines/inherit"
+              },
+              "test-command": {
+                "$ref": "#/defines/inherit"
+              },
+              "test-extras": {
+                "$ref": "#/defines/inherit"
+              },
+              "test-requires": {
+                "$ref": "#/defines/inherit"
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "before-all": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
+          },
+          "before-build": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
+          },
+          "before-test": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
+          },
+          "build-frontend": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
+          },
+          "build-verbosity": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
+          },
+          "config-settings": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
+          },
+          "dependency-versions": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/dependency-versions"
+          },
+          "environment": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
+          },
+          "environment-pass": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/environment-pass"
+          },
+          "manylinux-aarch64-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-aarch64-image"
+          },
+          "manylinux-i686-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-i686-image"
+          },
+          "manylinux-ppc64le-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-ppc64le-image"
+          },
+          "manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image"
+          },
+          "manylinux-pypy_i686-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_i686-image"
+          },
+          "manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image"
+          },
+          "manylinux-s390x-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-s390x-image"
+          },
+          "manylinux-x86_64-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-x86_64-image"
+          },
+          "musllinux-aarch64-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-aarch64-image"
+          },
+          "musllinux-i686-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-i686-image"
+          },
+          "musllinux-ppc64le-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-ppc64le-image"
+          },
+          "musllinux-s390x-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-s390x-image"
+          },
+          "musllinux-x86_64-image": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-x86_64-image"
+          },
+          "repair-wheel-command": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
+          },
+          "test-command": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
+          },
+          "test-extras": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
+          },
+          "test-requires": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "linux": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "archs": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/archs"
+        },
+        "before-all": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
+        },
+        "before-build": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
+        },
+        "before-test": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
+        },
+        "build-frontend": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
+        },
+        "build-verbosity": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
+        },
+        "config-settings": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
+        },
+        "environment": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
+        },
+        "environment-pass": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/environment-pass"
+        },
+        "manylinux-aarch64-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-aarch64-image"
+        },
+        "manylinux-i686-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-i686-image"
+        },
+        "manylinux-ppc64le-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-ppc64le-image"
+        },
+        "manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image"
+        },
+        "manylinux-pypy_i686-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_i686-image"
+        },
+        "manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image"
+        },
+        "manylinux-s390x-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-s390x-image"
+        },
+        "manylinux-x86_64-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-x86_64-image"
+        },
+        "musllinux-aarch64-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-aarch64-image"
+        },
+        "musllinux-i686-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-i686-image"
+        },
+        "musllinux-ppc64le-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-ppc64le-image"
+        },
+        "musllinux-s390x-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-s390x-image"
+        },
+        "musllinux-x86_64-image": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-x86_64-image"
+        },
+        "repair-wheel-command": {
+          "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
+          "oneOf": [
+            {
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND",
+          "default": "auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
+        },
+        "test-command": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
+        },
+        "test-extras": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
+        },
+        "test-requires": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "windows": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "archs": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/archs"
+        },
+        "before-all": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
+        },
+        "before-build": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
+        },
+        "before-test": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
+        },
+        "build-frontend": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
+        },
+        "build-verbosity": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
+        },
+        "config-settings": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
+        },
+        "dependency-versions": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/dependency-versions"
+        },
+        "environment": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
+        },
+        "repair-wheel-command": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
+        },
+        "test-command": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
+        },
+        "test-extras": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
+        },
+        "test-requires": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "macos": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "archs": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/archs"
+        },
+        "before-all": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
+        },
+        "before-build": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
+        },
+        "before-test": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
+        },
+        "build-frontend": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
+        },
+        "build-verbosity": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
+        },
+        "config-settings": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
+        },
+        "dependency-versions": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/dependency-versions"
+        },
+        "environment": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
+        },
+        "repair-wheel-command": {
+          "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
+          "oneOf": [
+            {
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND",
+          "default": "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}"
+        },
+        "test-command": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
+        },
+        "test-extras": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
+        },
+        "test-requires": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -4,25 +4,31 @@
 #
 #    nox -s update_constraints-3.10
 #
-delocate==0.10.4
+build==1.1.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.11.0
-    # via virtualenv
-packaging==23.1
-    # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.2.0
-    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.5.0
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.21.0
+delocate==0.10.7
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+distlib==0.3.8
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.13.1
+    # via virtualenv
+packaging==24.0
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   delocate
+platformdirs==4.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+pyproject-hooks==1.0.0
+    # via build
+tomli==2.0.1
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   pyproject-hooks
+typing-extensions==4.10.0
+    # via delocate
+virtualenv==20.25.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==67.6.1
+pip==24.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python311.txt

@@ -4,25 +4,27 @@
 #
 #    nox -s update_constraints-3.11
 #
-delocate==0.10.4
+build==1.1.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.11.0
-    # via virtualenv
-packaging==23.1
-    # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.2.0
-    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.5.0
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.21.0
+delocate==0.10.7
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+distlib==0.3.8
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.13.1
+    # via virtualenv
+packaging==24.0
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   delocate
+platformdirs==4.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+pyproject-hooks==1.0.0
+    # via build
+typing-extensions==4.10.0
+    # via delocate
+virtualenv==20.25.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==67.6.1
+pip==24.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python312.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.12
+# by the following command:
+#
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.12
+#
+build==1.1.1
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+delocate==0.10.7
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.8
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.13.1
+    # via virtualenv
+packaging==24.0
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   delocate
+platformdirs==4.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+pyproject-hooks==1.0.0
+    # via build
+typing-extensions==4.10.0
+    # via delocate
+virtualenv==20.25.1
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==24.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python36.txt

@@ -4,18 +4,33 @@
 #
 #    nox -s update_constraints-3.6
 #
+build==0.9.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 delocate==0.10.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
+distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.4.1
     # via virtualenv
 importlib-metadata==4.8.3
-    # via virtualenv
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   pep517
+    #   virtualenv
 importlib-resources==5.4.0
     # via virtualenv
+packaging==21.3
+    # via build
+pep517==0.13.1
+    # via build
 platformdirs==2.4.0
     # via virtualenv
+pyparsing==3.1.1
+    # via packaging
+tomli==1.2.3
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   pep517
 typing-extensions==4.1.1
     # via
     #   delocate
@@ -23,16 +38,13 @@ typing-extensions==4.1.1
 virtualenv==20.17.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
-    # via
-    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-    #   delocate
+    # via delocate
 zipp==3.6.0
     # via
     #   importlib-metadata
     #   importlib-resources
+    #   pep517
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
 pip==21.3.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==59.6.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python37.txt

@@ -4,32 +4,40 @@
 #
 #    nox -s update_constraints-3.7
 #
-delocate==0.10.4
+build==1.1.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
+delocate==0.10.7
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.11.0
+filelock==3.12.2
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==6.4.1
+importlib-metadata==6.7.0
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   virtualenv
+packaging==24.0
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   delocate
+platformdirs==4.0.0
     # via virtualenv
-packaging==23.1
-    # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.2.0
-    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.5.0
+pyproject-hooks==1.0.0
+    # via build
+tomli==2.0.1
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   pyproject-hooks
+typing-extensions==4.7.1
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   importlib-metadata
     #   platformdirs
-virtualenv==20.21.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+virtualenv==20.25.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.15.0
     # via importlib-metadata
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==67.6.1
+pip==24.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python38.txt

@@ -4,25 +4,35 @@
 #
 #    nox -s update_constraints-3.8
 #
-delocate==0.10.4
+build==1.1.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
+delocate==0.10.7
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.11.0
+filelock==3.13.1
     # via virtualenv
-packaging==23.1
+importlib-metadata==7.0.2
+    # via build
+packaging==24.0
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   delocate
+platformdirs==4.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+pyproject-hooks==1.0.0
+    # via build
+tomli==2.0.1
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   pyproject-hooks
+typing-extensions==4.10.0
     # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.2.0
-    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.5.0
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.21.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+virtualenv==20.25.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+zipp==3.17.0
+    # via importlib-metadata
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==67.6.1
+pip==24.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -4,25 +4,35 @@
 #
 #    nox -s update_constraints-3.9
 #
-delocate==0.10.4
+build==1.1.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
+delocate==0.10.7
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.11.0
+filelock==3.13.1
     # via virtualenv
-packaging==23.1
+importlib-metadata==7.0.2
+    # via build
+packaging==24.0
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   delocate
+platformdirs==4.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+pyproject-hooks==1.0.0
+    # via build
+tomli==2.0.1
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   pyproject-hooks
+typing-extensions==4.10.0
     # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.2.0
-    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.5.0
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.21.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+virtualenv==20.25.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+zipp==3.17.0
+    # via importlib-metadata
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==67.6.1
+pip==24.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 pip
-setuptools
-wheel
+build
 delocate
 virtualenv

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -1,28 +1,30 @@
 #
-# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.11
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.12
 # by the following command:
 #
-#    nox -s update_constraints-3.11
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.12
 #
-delocate==0.10.4
+build==1.1.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.6
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.11.0
-    # via virtualenv
-packaging==23.1
-    # via delocate
-platformdirs==3.2.0
-    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.5.0
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.21.0
+delocate==0.10.7
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.40.0
+distlib==0.3.8
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.13.1
+    # via virtualenv
+packaging==24.0
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   delocate
+platformdirs==4.2.0
+    # via virtualenv
+pyproject-hooks==1.0.0
+    # via build
+typing-extensions==4.10.0
+    # via delocate
+virtualenv==20.25.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==23.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==67.6.1
+pip==24.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ config-settings = {}
 dependency-versions = "pinned"
 environment = {}
 environment-pass = []
-build-verbosity = ""
+build-verbosity = 0
 
 before-all = ""
 before-build = ""

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,49 +1,54 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2023-04-16-36ed6a7
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2024-03-10-b85029d
 manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2023-04-16-157f52a
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2024-03-10-4935fcc
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2024-03-10-4935fcc
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 
 [i686]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2023-04-16-36ed6a7
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2024-03-10-b85029d
 manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-12-26-0d38463
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2023-04-16-157f52a
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2024-03-10-4935fcc
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
 manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 
 [pypy_i686]
 manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-12-26-0d38463
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2023-04-16-157f52a
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2024-03-10-4935fcc
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2024-03-10-4935fcc
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2023-04-16-157f52a
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2024-03-10-4935fcc
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2024-03-10-4935fcc
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2023-04-16-157f52a
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2024-03-10-4935fcc
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2024-03-10-4935fcc
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2023-04-16-157f52a
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2024-03-10-4935fcc
 

cibuildwheel/resources/virtualenv.toml

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-version = "20.21.0"
-url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.21.0/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"
+version = "20.21.1"
+url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.21.1/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"

cibuildwheel/schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
+
+
+def get_schema(tool_name: str = "cibuildwheel") -> dict[str, Any]:
+    "Get the stored complete schema for cibuildwheel settings."
+    assert tool_name == "cibuildwheel", "Only cibuildwheel is supported."
+
+    with DIR.joinpath("resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json").open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        return json.load(f)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]

cibuildwheel/typing.py

@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import subprocess
 import typing
-from typing import Union
-
-from ._compat.typing import Final, Literal, Protocol
+from typing import Final, Literal, Protocol, Union
 
 __all__ = (
     "PLATFORMS",

cibuildwheel/util.py

@@ -13,13 +13,14 @@ import textwrap
 import time
 import typing
 import urllib.request
+from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
-from functools import lru_cache
+from functools import cached_property, lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 from time import sleep
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, TextIO, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Final, Literal, TextIO, TypeVar
 
 import bracex
 import certifi
@@ -31,8 +32,6 @@ from packaging.version import Version
 from platformdirs import user_cache_path
 
 from ._compat import tomllib
-from ._compat.functools import cached_property
-from ._compat.typing import Final, Literal
 from .typing import PathOrStr, PlatformName
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -58,16 +57,6 @@ install_certifi_script: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
 
 test_fail_cwd_file: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "testing_temp_dir_file.py"
 
-BuildFrontend = Literal["pip", "build"]
-
-
-def build_frontend_or_default(
-    setting: BuildFrontend | Literal["default"], default: BuildFrontend = "pip"
-) -> BuildFrontend:
-    if setting == "default":
-        return default
-    return setting
-
 
 MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
     "x86_64",
@@ -377,6 +366,34 @@ class DependencyConstraints:
             return self.base_file_path.name
 
 
+BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build"]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildFrontendConfig:
+    name: BuildFrontendName
+    args: Sequence[str] = ()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_config_string(config_string: str) -> BuildFrontendConfig:
+        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, ["name"], ["args"])
+        name = " ".join(config_dict["name"])
+        if name not in {"pip", "build"}:
+            msg = f"Unrecognised build frontend {name}, only 'pip' and 'build' are supported"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        name = typing.cast(BuildFrontendName, name)
+
+        args = config_dict.get("args") or []
+        return BuildFrontendConfig(name=name, args=args)
+
+    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
+        if not self.args:
+            return self.name
+        else:
+            return {"name": self.name, "args": repr(self.args)}
+
+
 class NonPlatformWheelError(Exception):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         message = textwrap.dedent(
@@ -602,10 +619,7 @@ def virtualenv(
         python,
         venv_path,
     )
-    if IS_WIN:
-        paths = [str(venv_path), str(venv_path / "Scripts")]
-    else:
-        paths = [str(venv_path / "bin")]
+    paths = [str(venv_path), str(venv_path / "Scripts")] if IS_WIN else [str(venv_path / "bin")]
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([*paths, env["PATH"]])
     return env
@@ -697,3 +711,52 @@ def fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions(text: str) -> str:
                     ansi_codes.append(code)
 
     return output
+
+
+def parse_key_value_string(
+    key_value_string: str,
+    positional_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    kw_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
+    """
+    Parses a string like "docker; create_args: --some-option=value another-option"
+    """
+    if positional_arg_names is None:
+        positional_arg_names = []
+    if kw_arg_names is None:
+        kw_arg_names = []
+
+    all_field_names = [*positional_arg_names, *kw_arg_names]
+
+    shlexer = shlex.shlex(key_value_string, posix=True, punctuation_chars=";")
+    shlexer.commenters = ""
+    shlexer.whitespace_split = True
+    parts = list(shlexer)
+    # parts now looks like
+    # ['docker', ';', 'create_args:', '--some-option=value', 'another-option']
+
+    # split by semicolon
+    fields = [list(group) for k, group in itertools.groupby(parts, lambda x: x == ";") if not k]
+
+    result: defaultdict[str, list[str]] = defaultdict(list)
+    for field_i, field in enumerate(fields):
+        # check to see if the option name is specified
+        field_name, sep, first_value = field[0].partition(":")
+        if sep:
+            if field_name not in all_field_names:
+                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Unknown field name {field_name!r}"
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+
+            values = ([first_value] if first_value else []) + field[1:]
+        else:
+            try:
+                field_name = positional_arg_names[field_i]
+            except IndexError:
+                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Too many positional arguments - expected a maximum of {len(positional_arg_names)}"
+                raise ValueError(msg) from None
+
+            values = field
+
+        result[field_name] += values
+
+    return dict(result)

cibuildwheel/windows.py

@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ from .typing import PathOrStr
 from .util import (
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
     AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
-    BuildFrontend,
+    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildFrontendName,
     BuildSelector,
     NonPlatformWheelError,
-    build_frontend_or_default,
     call,
     download,
     find_compatible_wheel,
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ def setup_python(
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
     dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontend,
+    build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
 ) -> dict[str, str]:
     tmp.mkdir()
     implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
@@ -315,17 +315,7 @@ def setup_python(
     call("pip", "--version", env=env)
 
     log.step("Installing build tools...")
-    if build_frontend == "pip":
-        call(
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "setuptools",
-            "wheel",
-            *dependency_constraint_flags,
-            env=env,
-        )
-    elif build_frontend == "build":
+    if build_frontend == "build":
         call(
             "pip",
             "install",
@@ -334,8 +324,6 @@ def setup_python(
             *dependency_constraint_flags,
             env=env,
         )
-    else:
-        assert_never(build_frontend)
 
     if python_libs_base:
         # Set up the environment for various backends to enable cross-compilation
@@ -369,7 +357,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
         for config in python_configurations:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_frontend_or_default(build_options.build_frontend)
+            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
             identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
@@ -390,7 +378,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 config,
                 dependency_constraint_flags,
                 build_options.environment,
-                build_frontend,
+                build_frontend.name,
             )
 
             compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
@@ -414,9 +402,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 log.step("Building wheel...")
                 built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
-                extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, build_frontend)
+                extra_flags = split_config_settings(
+                    build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name
+                )
+                extra_flags += build_frontend.args
 
-                if build_frontend == "pip":
+                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
                     extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                     # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                     # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
@@ -431,7 +422,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         *extra_flags,
                         env=env,
                     )
-                elif build_frontend == "build":
+                elif build_frontend.name == "build":
                     if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
                         msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
                         log.warning(msg)
@@ -452,7 +443,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             tmp_file.write_bytes(constraints_path.read_bytes())
                             constraints_path = tmp_file
 
-                        build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = str(constraints_path)
+                        our_constraints = str(constraints_path)
+                        user_constraints = build_env.get("PIP_CONSTRAINT")
+                        build_env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = " ".join(
+                            c for c in [our_constraints, user_constraints] if c
+                        )
+
                         build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = get_pip_version(env)
                         call(
                             "python",
@@ -498,7 +494,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         """
                             While arm64 wheels can be built on other platforms, they cannot
                             be tested. An arm64 runner is required. To silence this warning,
-                            set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: *-win_arm64`.
+                            set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-win_arm64"`.
                             """
                     )
                 )
@@ -552,6 +548,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     build_options.test_command,
                     project=Path(".").resolve(),
                     package=options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
+                    wheel=repaired_wheel,
                 )
                 test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"
                 test_cwd.mkdir()

docs/changelog.md

@@ -4,6 +4,114 @@ title: Changelog
 
 # Changelog
 
+### v2.17.0
+
+_11 March 2024_
+
+- 🌟 Adds the ability to inherit configuration in TOML overrides. This makes certain configurations much simpler. If you're overriding an option like `before-build` or `environment`, and you just want to add an  extra command or environment variable, you can just append (or prepend) to the previous config. See [the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#inherit) for more information. (#1730)
+- 🌟 Adds official support for native arm64 macOS GitHub runners. To use them, just specify `macos-14` as an `os` of your job in your workflow file. You can also keep `macos-13` in your build matrix to build x86_64. Check out the new [GitHub Actions example config](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/setup/#github-actions).
+- ✨ You no longer need to specify `--platform` to run cibuildwheel locally! Instead it will your platform automatically. This was a safety feature, no longer necessary. (#1727)
+- 🛠 Removed setuptools and wheel pinned versions. This only affects old-style projects without a `pyproject.toml`, projects with `pyproject.toml` are already getting fresh versions of their `build-system.requires` installed into an isolated environment. (#1725)
+- 🛠 Improve how the GitHub Action passes arguments (#1757)
+- 🛠 Remove a system-wide install of pipx in the GitHub Action (#1745)
+- 🐛 No longer will cibuildwheel override the PIP_CONSTRAINT environment variable when using the `build` frontend. Instead it will be extended. (#1675)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug where building and testing both x86_86 and arm64 wheels on the same runner caused the wrong architectures in the test environment (#1750)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that prevented testing a CPython 3.8 wheel targeting macOS 11+ on x86_64 (#1768)
+- 📚 Moved the docs onto the official PyPA domain - they're now available at https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io . (#1775)
+- 📚 Docs and examples improvements (#1762, #1734)
+
+
+### v2.16.5
+
+_30 January 2024_
+
+- 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with the GitHub Action and new GitHub Runner images for Windows that bundle Powershell 7.3+ (#1741)
+- 🛠 Preliminary support for new `macos-14` arm64 runners (#1743)
+
+### v2.16.4
+
+_28 January 2024_
+
+- 🛠 Update manylinux pins to upgrade from a problematic PyPy version. (#1737)
+
+### v2.16.3
+
+_26 January 2024_
+
+- 🐛 Fix a bug when building from sdist, where relative paths to files in the package didn't work because the working directory was wrong (#1687)
+- 🛠 Adds the ability to disable mounting the host filesystem in containers to `/host`, through the `disable_host_mount` suboption on [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine).
+- 📚 A lot of docs improvements! (#1708, #1705, #1686, #1679, #1667, #1665)
+
+### v2.16.2
+
+_3 October 2023_
+
+- 🛠 Updates CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0, final release (#1635)
+- ✨ Adds a debug option [`CIBW_DEBUG_KEEP_CONTAINER`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#cibw_debug_keep_container) to stop cibuildwheel deleting build containers after the build finishes. (#1620)
+- 📚 Adds support for `[tool.cibuildwheel]` checking by adding a schema compatible with the [validate-pyproject](https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject/) tool (#1622, #1628, #1629)
+- 🐛 Fix parsing of `CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE` and `CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND` options to not break arguments on `:` characters (#1621)
+- 🐛 Fix the evaluation order of `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` and `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS` so that `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` assignments can reference environment variables passed through from the host machine. (#1617)
+- 🛠 Supports manylinux images' deferred installation of interpreters through the `manylinux-interpreters` tool (#1630)
+
+### v2.16.1
+
+_26 September 2023_
+
+- 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0rc3 (#1625)
+- 🛠 Only calls `linux32` in containers when necessary (#1599)
+
+### v2.16.0
+
+_18 September 2023_
+
+- ✨ Add the ability to pass additional flags to a build frontend through the [CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) option (#1588).
+- ✨ The environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is now automatically passed through to container Linux builds (useful for [reproducible builds](https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/source-date-epoch/)!) (#1589)
+- 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0rc2 (#1604)
+- 🐛 Fix `requires_python` auto-detection from setup.py when the call to `setup()` is within an `if __name__ == "__main__"` block (#1613)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that prevented building Linux wheels in Docker on a Windows host (#1573)
+- 🐛 `--only` can now select prerelease-pythons (#1564)
+- 📚 Docs & examples updates (#1582, #1593, #1598, #1615)
+
+### v2.15.0
+
+_8 August 2023_
+
+- 🌟 CPython 3.12 wheels are now built by default - without the CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS flag. It's time to build and upload these wheels to PyPI! This release includes CPython 3.12.0rc1, which is guaranteed to be ABI compatible with the final release. (#1565)
+- ✨ Adds musllinux_1_2 support - this allows packagers to build for musl-based Linux distributions on a more recent Alpine image, and a newer musl libc. (#1561)
+
+### v2.14.1
+
+_15 July 2023_
+
+- 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0b4 (#1550)
+
+### v2.14.0
+
+_10 July 2023_
+
+- ✨ Adds support for building PyPy 3.10 wheels. (#1525)
+- 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0b3.
+- ✨ Allow the use of the `{wheel}` placeholder in CIBW_TEST_COMMAND (#1533)
+- 📚 Docs & examples updates (#1532, #1416)
+- ⚠️ Removed support for running cibuildwheel in Python 3.7. Python 3.7 is EOL. However, cibuildwheel continues to build Python 3.7 wheels for the moment. (#1175)
+
+### v2.13.1
+
+_10 June 2023_
+
+- 🛠 Updates the prerelease CPython 3.12 version to 3.12.0b2. (#1516)
+- 🛠 Adds a moving `v<major>.<minor>` tag for use in GitHub Actions workflow files. If you use this, you'll get the latest patch release within a minor version. Additionally, Dependabot won't send you PRs for patch releases. (#1517)
+
+### v2.13.0
+
+_28 May 2023_
+
+- ✨ Adds CPython 3.12 support, under the prerelease flag [CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons). This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.12.0b1.
+
+    While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.12 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag. (#1507)
+
+- ✨ Adds the ability to pass arguments to the container engine when the container is created, using the [CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) option. (#1499)
+
 ### v2.12.3
 
 _19 April 2023_
@@ -57,7 +165,7 @@ _26 October 2022_
 - 🛠 Fix the default `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` on arm64 (#1312)
 - 🛠 Hide irrelevant pip warnings on linux (#1311)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug that caused the stdout and stderr of commands in containers to be in the wrong order Previously, stdout could appear after stderr. (#1324)
-- 📚 Added [a FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#macos-building-cpython-38-wheels-on-arm64) describing how to perform native builds of CPython 3.8 wheels on Apple Silicon. (#1323)
+- 📚 Added [a FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#macos-building-cpython-38-wheels-on-arm64) describing how to perform native builds of CPython 3.8 wheels on Apple Silicon. (#1323)
 - 📚 Other docs improvements
 
 ### v2.11.1
@@ -70,7 +178,7 @@ _13 October 2022_
 
 _13 October 2022_
 
-- 🌟 Adds support for cross-compiling Windows ARM64 wheels. To use this feature, add `ARM64` to the [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs) option on a Windows Intel runner. (#1144)
+- 🌟 Adds support for cross-compiling Windows ARM64 wheels. To use this feature, add `ARM64` to the [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs) option on a Windows Intel runner. (#1144)
 - ✨ Adds support for building Linux aarch64 wheels on Circle CI. (#1307)
 - ✨ Adds support for building Windows wheels on Gitlab CI. (#1295)
 - ✨ Adds support for building Linux aarch64 wheels under emulation on Gitlab CI. (#1295)
@@ -97,10 +205,10 @@ _18 September 2022_
 
 _13 September 2022_
 
-- 🌟 Adds support for [building wheels on Cirrus CI](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#cirrus-ci). This is exciting for us, as it's the first public CI platform that natively supports macOS Apple Silicon (aka. M1, `arm64`) runners. As such, it's the first platform that you can natively build _and test_ macOS `arm64` wheels. It also has native Linux ARM (aarch64) runners, for fast, native builds there. (#1191)
+- 🌟 Adds support for [building wheels on Cirrus CI](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/setup/#cirrus-ci). This is exciting for us, as it's the first public CI platform that natively supports macOS Apple Silicon (aka. M1, `arm64`) runners. As such, it's the first platform that you can natively build _and test_ macOS `arm64` wheels. It also has native Linux ARM (aarch64) runners, for fast, native builds there. (#1191)
 - 🌟 Adds support for running cibuildwheel on Apple Silicon machines. For a while, we've supported cross-compilation of Apple Silicon wheels on `x86_64`, but now that we have Cirrus CI we can run our test suite and officially support running cibuildwheel on `arm64`. (#1191)
-- ✨ Adds the `--only` [command line option](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line), to specify a single build to run. Previously, it could be cumbersome to set all the build selection options to target a specific build - for example, you might have to run something like `CIBW_BUILD=cp39-manylinux_x86_64 cibuildwheel --platform linux --archs x86_64`. The new `--only` option overrides all the build selection options to simplify running a single build, which now looks like `cibuildwheel --only cp39-manylinux_x86_64`. (#1098)
-- ✨ Adds the [`CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) option, so you can pass arguments to your package's build backend (#1244)
+- ✨ Adds the `--only` [command line option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#command-line), to specify a single build to run. Previously, it could be cumbersome to set all the build selection options to target a specific build - for example, you might have to run something like `CIBW_BUILD=cp39-manylinux_x86_64 cibuildwheel --platform linux --archs x86_64`. The new `--only` option overrides all the build selection options to simplify running a single build, which now looks like `cibuildwheel --only cp39-manylinux_x86_64`. (#1098)
+- ✨ Adds the [`CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) option, so you can pass arguments to your package's build backend (#1244)
 - 🛠 Updates the CPython 3.11 version to the latest release candidate - v3.11.0rc2. (#1265)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug that can cause a RecursionError on Windows when building from an sdist. (#1253)
 - 🛠 Add support for the s390x architecture on manylinux_2_28 (#1255)
@@ -127,7 +235,7 @@ _18 July 2022_
 
 _5 July 2022_
 
-- ✨ You can now run cibuildwheel on Podman, as an alternate container engine to Docker (which remains the default). This is useful in environments where a Docker daemon isn't available, for example, it can be run inside a Docker container, or without root access. To use Podman, set the [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) option. (#966)
+- ✨ You can now run cibuildwheel on Podman, as an alternate container engine to Docker (which remains the default). This is useful in environments where a Docker daemon isn't available, for example, it can be run inside a Docker container, or without root access. To use Podman, set the [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) option. (#966)
 - ✨ Adds support for building `py3-none-{platform}` wheels. This works the same as ABI3 - wheels won't be rebuilt, but tests will still be run across all selected versions of Python.
 
     These wheels contain native extension code, but don't use the Python APIs. Typically, they're bridged to Python using a FFI module like [ctypes](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html) or [cffi](https://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/). Because they don't use Python ABI, the wheels are more compatible - they work across many Python versions.
@@ -141,7 +249,7 @@ _5 July 2022_
 
 _17 June 2022_
 
-- 🌟 Added support for the new `manylinux_2_28` images. These new images are based on AlmaLinux, the community-driven successor to CentOS, unlike manylinux_2_24, which was based on Debian. To build on these images, set your [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) option to `manylinux_2_28`. (#1026)
+- 🌟 Added support for the new `manylinux_2_28` images. These new images are based on AlmaLinux, the community-driven successor to CentOS, unlike manylinux_2_24, which was based on Debian. To build on these images, set your [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) option to `manylinux_2_28`. (#1026)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug where tests were not being run on CPython 3.11 (when CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS was set) (#1138)
 - ✨ You can now build Linux wheels on Windows, as long as you have Docker installed and set to 'Linux containers' (#1117)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug on macOS that caused cibuildwheel to crash trying to overwrite a previously-built wheel of the same name. (#1129)
@@ -156,15 +264,15 @@ _7 June 2022_
 
 _25 May 2022_
 
-- 🌟 Added the ability to test building wheels on CPython 3.11! Because CPython 3.11 is in beta, these wheels should not be distributed, because they might not be compatible with the final release, but it's available to build for testing purposes. Use the flag [`--prerelease-pythons` or `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) to test. This version of cibuildwheel includes CPython 3.11.0b1. (#1109)
-- 📚 Added an interactive diagram showing how cibuildwheel works to the [docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#how-it-works) (#1100)
+- 🌟 Added the ability to test building wheels on CPython 3.11! Because CPython 3.11 is in beta, these wheels should not be distributed, because they might not be compatible with the final release, but it's available to build for testing purposes. Use the flag [`--prerelease-pythons` or `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) to test. This version of cibuildwheel includes CPython 3.11.0b1. (#1109)
+- 📚 Added an interactive diagram showing how cibuildwheel works to the [docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/#how-it-works) (#1100)
 
 ### v2.5.0
 
 _29 April 2022_
 
-- ✨ Added support for building ABI3 wheels. cibuildwheel will now recognise when an ABI3 wheel was produced, and skip subsequent build steps where the previously built wheel is compatible. Tests still will run on all selected versions of Python, using the ABI3 wheel. Check [this entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#abi3) in the docs for more info. (#1091)
-- ✨ You can now build wheels directly from sdist archives, in addition to source directories. Just call cibuildwheel with an sdist argument on the command line, like `cibuildwheel mypackage-1.0.0.tar.gz`. For more details, check the [`--help` output](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line) (#1096)
+- ✨ Added support for building ABI3 wheels. cibuildwheel will now recognise when an ABI3 wheel was produced, and skip subsequent build steps where the previously built wheel is compatible. Tests still will run on all selected versions of Python, using the ABI3 wheel. Check [this entry](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#abi3) in the docs for more info. (#1091)
+- ✨ You can now build wheels directly from sdist archives, in addition to source directories. Just call cibuildwheel with an sdist argument on the command line, like `cibuildwheel mypackage-1.0.0.tar.gz`. For more details, check the [`--help` output](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#command-line) (#1096)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug where cibuildwheel would crash when no builds are selected and `--allow-empty` is passed (#1086)
 - 🐛 Workaround a permissions issue on Linux relating to newer versions of git and setuptools_scm (#1095)
 - 📚 Minor docs improvements
@@ -173,7 +281,7 @@ _29 April 2022_
 
 _2 April 2022_
 
-- ✨ cibuildwheel now supports running locally on Windows and macOS (as well as Linux). On macOS, you'll have to install the versions of Pythons that you want to use from Python.org, and cibuildwheel will use them. On Windows, cibuildwheel will install it's own versions of Python. Check out [the documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#local) for instructions. (#974)
+- ✨ cibuildwheel now supports running locally on Windows and macOS (as well as Linux). On macOS, you'll have to install the versions of Pythons that you want to use from Python.org, and cibuildwheel will use them. On Windows, cibuildwheel will install it's own versions of Python. Check out [the documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/setup/#local) for instructions. (#974)
 - ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.9 wheels. (#1031)
 - ✨ Listing at the end of the build now displays the size of each wheel (#975)
 - 🐛 Workaround a connection timeout bug on Travis CI ppc64le runners (#906)
@@ -193,12 +301,12 @@ _14 December 2021_
 
 _26 November 2021_
 
-- 📈 cibuildwheel now defaults to manylinux2014 image for linux builds, rather than manylinux2010. If you want to stick with manylinux2010, it's simple to set this using [the image options](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image). (#926)
-- ✨ You can now pass environment variables from the host machine into the Docker container during a Linux build. Check out [the docs for `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX `](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/options/#environment-pass) for the details. (#914)
+- 📈 cibuildwheel now defaults to manylinux2014 image for linux builds, rather than manylinux2010. If you want to stick with manylinux2010, it's simple to set this using [the image options](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image). (#926)
+- ✨ You can now pass environment variables from the host machine into the Docker container during a Linux build. Check out [the docs for `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX `](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#environment-pass) for the details. (#914)
 - ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.8 wheels. (#881)
 - ✨ Added support for building Windows arm64 CPython wheels on a Windows arm64 runner. We can't test this in CI yet, so for now, this is experimental. (#920)
 - 📚 Improved the deployment documentation (#911)
-- 🛠 Changed the escaping behaviour inside cibuildwheel's  option placeholders e.g. `{project}` in `before_build` or `{dest_dir}` in `repair_wheel_command`. This allows bash syntax like `${SOME_VAR}` to passthrough without being interpreted as a placeholder by cibuildwheel. See [this section](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#placeholders) in the docs for more info. (#889)
+- 🛠 Changed the escaping behaviour inside cibuildwheel's  option placeholders e.g. `{project}` in `before_build` or `{dest_dir}` in `repair_wheel_command`. This allows bash syntax like `${SOME_VAR}` to passthrough without being interpreted as a placeholder by cibuildwheel. See [this section](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#placeholders) in the docs for more info. (#889)
 - 🛠 Pip updated to 21.3, meaning it now defaults to in-tree builds again. If this causes an issue with your project, setting environment variable `PIP_USE_DEPRECATED=out-of-tree-build` is available as a temporary flag to restore the old behaviour. However, be aware that this flag will probably be removed soon. (#881)
 - 🐛 You can now access the current Python interpreter using `python3` within a build on Windows (#917)
 
@@ -221,15 +329,15 @@ _22 October 2021_
 
 - 🌟 Added support for [musllinux](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Support for this new wheel format lets projects build wheels for Linux distributions that use [musl libc](https://musl.libc.org/), notably, [Alpine](https://alpinelinux.org/) Docker containers. (#768)
 
-  Musllinux builds are enabled by default. If you're not ready to build musllinux, add `*-musllinux_*` to your [`CIBW_SKIP`/`skip`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip) option. Or, you might have to make some changes to your options - to simplify that process, you can use...
+  Musllinux builds are enabled by default. If you're not ready to build musllinux, add `*-musllinux_*` to your [`CIBW_SKIP`/`skip`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip) option. Or, you might have to make some changes to your options - to simplify that process, you can use...
 
 - 🌟 TOML option overrides! This provides much greater flexibility in configuration via pyproject.toml. (#854)
 
-  You can now set build options for any subset of your builds using a match pattern. So, for example, you can customise CPython 3.8 builds with an override on `cp38-*` or musllinux builds by selecting `*musllinux*`. Check out [the docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/options/#overrides) for more info on the specifics.
+  You can now set build options for any subset of your builds using a match pattern. So, for example, you can customise CPython 3.8 builds with an override on `cp38-*` or musllinux builds by selecting `*musllinux*`. Check out [the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/options/#overrides) for more info on the specifics.
 
 - 🛠 Added support for building PyPy wheels on macOS 11 CI runners. (#875)
 
-- 🛠 Setting an empty string for the [`CIBW_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image) option will now fallthrough to the config file or cibuildwheel's default, rather than causing an error. This makes the option easier to use in CI build matricies. (#829)
+- 🛠 Setting an empty string for the [`CIBW_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image) option will now fallthrough to the config file or cibuildwheel's default, rather than causing an error. This makes the option easier to use in CI build matrices. (#829)
 
 - 🛠 Support for TOML 1.0 when reading config files, via the `tomli` package. (#876)
 
@@ -268,9 +376,9 @@ _25 July 2021_
 
 _16 July 2021_
 
-- 🌟 You can now configure cibuildwheel options inside your project's `pyproject.toml`! Environment variables still work of course. Check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#setting-options) for more info.
-- 🌟 Added support for building wheels with [build](https://github.com/pypa/build), as well as pip. This feature is controlled with the [`CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) option.
-- 🌟 Added the ability to test building wheels on CPython 3.10! Because CPython 3.10 is in beta, these wheels should not be distributed, because they might not be compatible with the final release, but it's available to build for testing purposes. Use the flag [`--prerelease-pythons` or `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) to test. (#675) This version of cibuildwheel includes CPython 3.10.0b4.
+- 🌟 You can now configure cibuildwheel options inside your project's `pyproject.toml`! Environment variables still work of course. Check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#setting-options) for more info.
+- 🌟 Added support for building wheels with [build](https://github.com/pypa/build), as well as pip. This feature is controlled with the [`CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) option.
+- 🌟 Added the ability to test building wheels on CPython 3.10! Because CPython 3.10 is in beta, these wheels should not be distributed, because they might not be compatible with the final release, but it's available to build for testing purposes. Use the flag [`--prerelease-pythons` or `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) to test. (#675) This version of cibuildwheel includes CPython 3.10.0b4.
 - ⚠️ **Removed support for building Python 2.7 and Python 3.5 wheels**, for both CPython and PyPy. If you still need to build on these versions, please use the latest v1.x version. (#596)
 - ✨ Added the ability to build CPython 3.8 wheels for Apple Silicon. (#704)
 - 🛠 Update to the latest build dependencies, including Auditwheel 4. (#633)
@@ -297,7 +405,7 @@ _1 May 2021_
 
 - 📚 Lots of docs improvements! (#650, #623, #616, #609, #606)
 - 🐛 Fix nuget "Package is not found" error on Windows. (#653)
-- ⚠️ cibuildwheel will no longer build Windows 2.7 wheels, unless you specify a custom toolchain using `DISTUTILS_USE_SDK=1` and `MSSdk=1`. This is because Microsoft have stopped distributing Visual C++ Compiler for Python 2.7. See [this FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-and-python-27) for more details. (#649)
+- ⚠️ cibuildwheel will no longer build Windows 2.7 wheels, unless you specify a custom toolchain using `DISTUTILS_USE_SDK=1` and `MSSdk=1`. This is because Microsoft have stopped distributing Visual C++ Compiler for Python 2.7. See [this FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-and-python-27) for more details. (#649)
 - 🐛 Fix crash on Windows due to missing `which` command (#641).
 
 ### v1.10.0
@@ -305,7 +413,7 @@ _1 May 2021_
 _22 Feb 2021_
 
 - ✨ Added `manylinux_2_24` support. To use these new Debian-based manylinux
-  images, set your [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)
+  images, set your [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)
   options to `manylinux_2_24`.
 - 🛠 On macOS, we now set `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` in before running
   `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`. This is useful when using `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL` to build a
@@ -322,10 +430,10 @@ _5 February 2021_
 - 🌟 Added support for Apple Silicon wheels on macOS! You can now
   cross-compile `universal2` and `arm64` wheels on your existing macOS Intel
   runners, by setting
-  [CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs).
+  [CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs).
   Xcode 12.2 or later is required, but you don't need macOS 11.0 - you can
   still build on macOS 10.15. See
-  [this FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#apple-silicon)
+  [this FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#apple-silicon)
   for more information. (#484)
 - 🌟 Added auto-detection of your package's Python compatibility, via declared
    [`requires-python`](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0621/#requires-python)
@@ -335,7 +443,7 @@ _5 February 2021_
   will automatically skip builds on versions of Python that your package
   doesn't support. Hopefully this makes the first-run experience of
   cibuildwheel a bit easier. If you need to override this for any reason,
-  look at [`CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#requires-python).
+  look at [`CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#requires-python).
   (#536)
 - 🌟 cibuildwheel can now be invoked as a native GitHub Action! You can now
   invoke cibuildwheel in a GHA build step like:
@@ -350,10 +458,10 @@ _5 February 2021_
   ```
 
   This saves a bit of boilerplate, and you can [use Dependabot to keep the
-  pinned version up-to-date](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#automatic-updates).
+  pinned version up-to-date](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#automatic-updates).
 
 - ✨ Added `auto64` and `auto32` shortcuts to the
-  [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs)
+  [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs)
   option. (#553)
 - ✨ cibuildwheel now prints a list of the wheels built at the end of each
   run. (#570)
@@ -366,9 +474,9 @@ _22 January 2021_
 - 🌟 Added support for emulated builds! You can now build manylinux wheels on
   ARM64`aarch64`, as well as `ppc64le` and 's390x'. To build under emulation,
   register QEMU via binfmt_misc and set the
-  [`CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs)
+  [`CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs)
   option to the architectures you want to run. See
-  [this FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation)
+  [this FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation)
   for more information. (#482)
 - ✨ Added `CIBW_TEST_SKIP` option. This allows you to choose certain builds
   whose tests you'd like to skip. This might be useful when running a slow
@@ -394,7 +502,7 @@ _1 January 2021_
   in a virtualenv. (#502)
 - 🛠 Some preparatory work towards using cibuildwheel as a GitHub Action.
   Check out
-  [the FAQ](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#option-1-github-action)
+  [the FAQ](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#option-1-github-action)
   for information on how to use it. We'll be fully updating the docs to this
   approach in a subsequent release (#494)
 
@@ -516,7 +624,7 @@ _25 June 2020_
 
 _24 June 2020_
 
-- 🌟 Add [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-all)
+- 🌟 Add [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-all)
   option, which lets you run a command on the build machine before any wheels
   are built. This is especially useful when building on Linux, to `make`
   something external to Python, or to `yum install` a dependency. (#342)
@@ -559,15 +667,15 @@ _2 May 2020_
   environment on macOS and Windows, where the version of Xcode and Visual
   Studio can still effect things.
 
-  This can be controlled using the [CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)
-  and [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)
+  This can be controlled using the [CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)
+  and [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)
   options - if you always want to use the latest toolchain, you can still do
   that, or you can specify your own pip constraints file and manylinux image.
   (#256)
 
 - ✨ Added `package_dir` command line option, meaning we now support building
   a package that lives in a subdirectory and pulls in files from the wider
-  project. See [the `package_dir` option help](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line-options)
+  project. See [the `package_dir` option help](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#command-line-options)
   for more information.
 
   Note that this change makes the working directory (where you call
@@ -585,7 +693,7 @@ _2 May 2020_
 _12 March 2020_
 
 - 🌟 Add support for building on GitHub Actions! Check out the
-  [docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#github-actions)
+  [docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/setup/#github-actions)
   for information on how to set it up. (#194)
 - ✨ Add the `CIBW_BEFORE_TEST` option, which lets you run a command to
   prepare the environment before your tests are run. (#242)
@@ -635,9 +743,9 @@ _10 November 2019_
   build using the manylinux2010 images by default. If your project is still
   manylinux1 compatible, you should get both manylinux1 and manylinux2010
   wheels - you can upload both to PyPI. If you always require manylinux1 wheels, you can
-  build using the old manylinux1 image using the [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) option.
+  build using the old manylinux1 image using the [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) option.
   (#155)
-- 📚 Documentation is now on its [own mini-site](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io),
+- 📚 Documentation is now on its [own mini-site](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io),
    rather than on the README (#169)
 - ✨ Add support for building Windows wheels on Travis CI. (#160)
 - 🛠 If you set `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`, your tests now run in a virtualenv. (#164)

docs/contributing.md

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ If you have an idea for a modification or feature, it's probably best to raise a
 
 Everyone contributing to the cibuildwheel project is expected to follow the [PSF Code of Conduct](https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
 
-Design Goals
-------------
+## Design Goals
 
 - `cibuildwheel` should wrap the complexity of wheel building.
 - The user interface to `cibuildwheel` is the build script (e.g. `.travis.yml`). Feature additions should not increase the complexity of this script.
@@ -33,22 +32,85 @@ We're not responsible for errors in those tools, for fixing errors/crashes there
 
 So, if we can, I'd like to improve the experience on errors as well. In [this](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/139) case, it takes a bit of knowledge to understand that the Linux builds are happening in a different OS via Docker, that the linked symbols won't match, that auditwheel will fail because of this. A problem with how the tools fit together, instead of the tools themselves.
 
-Maintainer notes
-----------------
+## Development
 
-### Nox support
+### Running the tests
+
+When making a change to the codebase, you can run tests locally for quicker feedback than the CI runs on a PR. You can [run them directly](#making-a-venv), but the easiest way to run tests is using [nox](https://nox.thea.codes/).
+
+You can run all the tests locally by doing:
+
+```bash
+nox -s tests
+```
+
+However, because this takes a while, you might prefer to be more specific.
+
+#### Unit tests
+
+To run the project's unit tests, do:
+
+```bash
+nox -s tests -- unit_test
+```
+
+There are a few custom options to enable different parts of the test suite - check `nox -s tests -- unit_test --help` for details.
+
+If you're calling this a lot, you might consider using the `-r` or `-R` arguments to nox to make it a bit faster. This calls pytest under the hood, so to target a specific test, use pytest's `-k` option after the `--` above to select a specific test.
+
+#### Integration tests
+
+To run the project's integration tests, do:
+
+```bash
+nox -s tests -- test
+```
+
+The integration test suite is big - it can take more than 30 minutes to run the whole thing.
+
+Because it takes such a long time, normally you'd choose specific tests to run locally, and rely on the project's CI for the rest. Use pytest's `-k` option to choose specific tests. You can pass a test name or a filename, it'll run everything that matches.
+
+```bash
+nox -s tests -- test -k <test_name_or_filename>
+# e.g.
+nox -s tests -- test -k before_build
+```
+
+A few notes-
+
+- Because they run inside a container, Linux tests can run on all platforms where Docker is installed, so they're convenient for running integration tests locally. Set CIBW_PLATFORM to do this: `CIBW_PLATFORM=linux nox -s tests -- test`.
+
+- Running the macOS integration tests requires _system installs_ of Python from python.org for all the versions that are tested. We won't attempt to install these when running locally, but you can do so manually using the URL in the error message that is printed when the install is not found.
+
+#### Making a venv
+
+More advanced users might prefer to invoke pytest directly-
+
+```bash
+python3 -m venv .venv
+source .venv/bin/activate
+pip install -e .[dev]
+# run the unit tests
+pytest unit_test
+# run the whole integration test suite
+pytest test
+# run a specific integration test
+pytest test -k test_build_frontend_args
+# run a specific integration test on a different platform
+CIBW_PLATFORM=linux pytest test -k test_build_frontend_args
+```
+
+### Linting, docs
 
 Most developer tasks have a nox interface. This allows you to very simply run tasks without worrying about setting up a development environment (as shown below). This is a slower than setting up a development environment and reusing it, but has the (important) benefit of being highly reproducible; an earlier run does not affect a current run, or anything else on your machine.
 
-Install [nox](https://nox.thea.codes); homebrew is recommend on macOS, otherwise, pipx is a great choice - in fact, you can use `pipx run nox` and avoid installing completely.
-
 You can see a list of sessions by typing `nox -l`; here are a few common ones:
 
 ```console
-nox -s lint          # Run the linters (default)
-nox -s tests         # Run the tests   (default)
-nox -s docs -- serve # Build and serve the documentation
-nox -s build         # Make SDist and wheel
+nox -s lint                    # Run the linters (default)
+nox -s tests [-- PYTEST-ARGS]  # Run the tests   (default)
+nox -s docs -- serve           # Build and serve the documentation
+nox -s build                   # Make SDist and wheel
 ```
 
 More advanced users can run the update scripts. `update_pins` should work directly, but `update_constraints` needs all versions of Python installed. If you don't want to do that locally, a fast way to run it to use docker to run nox:
@@ -57,17 +119,7 @@ More advanced users can run the update scripts. `update_pins` should work direct
 docker run --rm -itv $PWD:/src -w /src quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:latest pipx run nox -s update_constraints
 ```
 
-### Local testing
-
-You should run:
-
-```console
-python3 -m venv venv
-. venv/bin/activate
-pip install -e .[dev]
-```
-
-To prepare a development environment.
+## Maintainer notes
 
 ### Testing sample configs
 

docs/data/projects.schema.json

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
+  "$id": "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/docs/data/projects.schema.json",
+  "type": "array",
+  "description": "The projects file for cibuildwheel",
+  "items": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "additionalProperties": false,
+    "properties": {
+      "name": { "type": "string" },
+      "gh": { "type": "string", "pattern": "[^/]*/[^/]*" },
+      "stars": { "$ref": "#/items/properties/gh" },
+      "pypi": { "type": "string" },
+      "notes": { "type": "string" },
+      "ci": {
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": {
+          "enum": [
+            "github",
+            "travisci",
+            "appveyor",
+            "circleci",
+            "gitlab",
+            "cirrusci",
+            "azurepipelines"
+          ]
+        }
+      },
+      "ci_config": { "type": "string" },
+      "os": {
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": { "enum": ["windows", "apple", "linux"] }
+      }
+    },
+    "required": ["name", "gh", "ci", "os"]
+  }
+}

docs/data/projects.yml

@@ -413,8 +413,9 @@
 
 - name: Tornado
   gh: tornadoweb/tornado
-  ci: [travisci]
-  os: [apple, linux]
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [linux, apple, windows]
+  notes: Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension.
 
 - name: pytorch-fairseq
   gh: pytorch/fairseq
@@ -602,13 +603,13 @@
   gh: tensorchord/envd
   ci: [github]
   os: [apple, linux, windows]
-  note: A machine learning development environment build tool
+  notes: A machine learning development environment build tool
 
 - name: mosec
   gh: mosecorg/mosec
   ci: [github]
   os: [linux, apple]
-  note: A machine learning model serving framework powered by Rust
+  notes: A machine learning model serving framework powered by Rust
 
 - name: ril
   gh: Cryptex-github/ril-py
@@ -623,3 +624,36 @@
   os: [windows, apple, linux]
   pypi: picologging
   notes: A high-performance logging library for Python.
+
+- name: aalink
+  gh: artfwo/aalink
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  pypi: aalink
+  notes: Async Python interface for Ableton Link.
+
+- name: werpy
+  gh: analyticsinmotion/werpy
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, linux, apple]
+  pypi: werpy
+  notes: An ultra-fast python package using optimized dynamic programming to compute the Word Error Rate (WER).
+
+- name: keyvi
+  gh: KeyviDev/keyvi
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [linux, apple]
+  pypi: keyvi
+  notes: FST based key value index highly optimized for size and lookup performance, utilizes ccache action for improved runtime
+
+- name: pedalboard
+  gh: spotify/pedalboard
+  ci: [github]
+  os: [windows, linux, apple]
+  pypi: pedalboard
+  notes: >
+      A Python library for working with audio data and audio plugins
+      by wrapping the [JUCE](https://github.com/juce-framework/JUCE/)
+      C++ framework. Uses cibuildwheel to deploy on as many operating
+      systems and Python versions as possible with only one dependency
+      (any NumPy).

docs/deliver-to-pypi.md

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ well as several useful actions. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuild
     name: Make SDist
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0  # Optional, use if you use setuptools_scm
         submodules: true  # Optional, use if you have submodules
@@ -56,30 +56,32 @@ well as several useful actions. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuild
     - name: Build SDist
       run: pipx run build --sdist
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
+        name: cibw-sdist
         path: dist/*.tar.gz
 ```
 
-Then, you need to publish the artifacts that the previous jobs have built. This final job should run only on release or tag, depending on your preference. It gathers the artifacts from the sdist and wheel jobs and uploads them to PyPI.
+Then, you need to publish the artifacts that the previous jobs have built. This final job should run only on release or tag, depending on your preference. It gathers the artifacts from the sdist and wheel jobs and uploads them to PyPI. The release environment (`pypi` in the example below) will be created the first time this workflow runs.
 
-This requires a [PyPI upload token](https://pypi.org/manage/account/token/), stored in your [GitHub repo's secrets](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-guides/encrypted-secrets#creating-encrypted-secrets-for-a-repository) as `pypi_password`.
+This requires setting this GitHub workflow in your project's PyPI settings (for a [new project](https://docs.pypi.org/trusted-publishers/creating-a-project-through-oidc)/[existing project](https://docs.pypi.org/trusted-publishers/adding-a-publisher)).
 
 ```yaml
   upload_all:
     needs: [build_wheels, make_sdist]
+    environment: pypi
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
       with:
-        name: artifact
+        pattern: cibw-*
         path: dist
+        merge-multiple: true
 
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.0
-      with:
-        user: __token__
-        password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
 ```
 
 You should use Dependabot to keep the publish action up to date. In the above

docs/extra.css

@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
   border: none;
   color: inherit;
   background-color: #f0f1f1;
-  font-size: 100%;
+  font-size: 80%;
 }
 
 
@@ -315,3 +315,9 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
 .wy-menu-vertical li.current a {
 
 }
+
+/* word wrap in table cells */
+.wy-table-responsive table td, .wy-table-responsive table th {
+  white-space: normal;
+  line-height: 1.4;
+}

docs/faq.md

@@ -14,15 +14,19 @@ Linux wheels are built in [`manylinux`/`musllinux` containers](https://github.co
 
     `cibuildwheel` supports this by providing the [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](options.md#environment) and [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) options to setup the build environment inside the running container.
 
--   The project directory is copied into the container as `/project`, the output directory for the wheels to be copied out is `/output`. In general, this is handled transparently by `cibuildwheel`. For a more finegrained level of control however, the root of the host file system is mounted as `/host`, allowing for example to access shared files, caches, etc. on the host file system.  Note that `/host` is not available on CircleCI due to their Docker policies.
+-   The project directory is copied into the container as `/project`, the output directory for the wheels to be copied out is `/output`. In general, this is handled transparently by `cibuildwheel`. For a more finegrained level of control however, the root of the host file system is mounted as `/host`, allowing for example to access shared files, caches, etc. on the host file system.  Note that `/host` is not available on CircleCI and GitLab CI due to their Docker policies.
 
 -   Alternative Docker images can be specified with the `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`/`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE` options to allow for a custom, preconfigured build environment for the Linux builds. See [options](options.md#linux-image) for more details.
 
 ### Building macOS wheels for Apple Silicon {: #apple-silicon}
 
-`cibuildwheel` supports cross-compiling `universal2` and `arm64` wheels on `x86_64` runners. With the introduction of Apple Silicon, you now have several choices for wheels for Python 3.8+:
+`cibuildwheel` supports both native builds and cross-compiling between `arm64` (Apple Silicon) and `x86_64` (Intel) architectures, including the cross-compatible `universal2` format.
 
-#### `x86_64`
+#### Overview of Mac architectures
+
+You have several choices for wheels for Python 3.8+:
+
+##### `x86_64`
 
 The traditional wheel for Apple, loads on Intel machines, and on
 Apple Silicon when running Python under Rosetta 2 emulation.
@@ -30,66 +34,59 @@ Apple Silicon when running Python under Rosetta 2 emulation.
 Due to a change in naming, Pip 20.3+ (or an installer using packaging 20.5+)
 is required to install a binary wheel on macOS Big Sur.
 
-#### `arm64`
+##### `arm64`
 
 The native wheel for macOS on Apple Silicon.
 
 Requires Pip 20.3+ (or packaging 20.5+) to install.
 
-#### `universal2`
+##### `universal2`
 
 This wheel contains both architectures, causing it to be up to twice the
 size (data files do not get doubled, only compiled code). It requires
 Pip 20.3 (Packaging 20.6+) to load on Intel, and Pip 21.0.1 (Packaging 20.9+)
 to load on Apple Silicon.
 
-!!! note
-    The dual-architecture `universal2` has a few benefits, but a key benefit
-    to a universal wheel is that a user can bundle these wheels into an
-    application and ship a single binary.
+The dual-architecture `universal2` has a few benefits, but a key benefit
+to a universal wheel is that a user can bundle these wheels into an
+application and ship a single binary.
 
-    However, if you have a large library, then you might prefer to ship
-    the two single-arch wheels instead - `x86_64` and `arm64`. In rare cases,
-    you might want to build all three, but in that case, pip will not download
-    the universal wheels, because it prefers the most specific wheel
-    available.
+However, if you have a large library, then you might prefer to ship
+the two single-arch wheels instead - `x86_64` and `arm64`. In rare cases,
+you might want to build all three, but in that case, pip will not download
+the universal wheels, because it prefers the most specific wheel
+available.
+
+#### What to provide?
 
 Generally speaking, because Pip 20.3 is required for the `universal2` wheel,
 most packages should provide both `x86_64` and one of `universal2`/`arm64`
-wheels for now. When Pip 20.3+ is common on macOS, then it might be possible
-to ship only the `universal2` wheel.
+wheels. When Pip 20.3+ is common on macOS, then it might be possible to ship
+only the `universal2` wheel.
 
-**Apple Silicon wheels are not built by default on Intel runners**, but can be enabled by adding extra archs to the [`CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS` option](options.md#archs) - e.g. `x86_64 arm64`. Cross-compilation is provided by the Xcode toolchain.
+Opinions vary on which of arch-specific or `universal2` wheels are best - some packagers prefer `universal2` because it's one wheel for all Mac users, so simpler, and easier to build into apps for downstream users. However, because they contain code for both architectures, their file size is larger, meaning they consume more disk space and bandwidth, and are harder to build for some projects.
 
-!!! important
-    When cross-compiling on Intel, it is not possible to test `arm64` and the `arm64` part of a `universal2` wheel.
+See [GitHub issue 1333](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/1333) for more discussion.
 
-    `cibuildwheel` will raise a warning to notify you of this - these warnings be be silenced by skipping testing on these platforms: `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: *_arm64 *_universal2:arm64`.
+#### How?
 
-Hopefully, cross-compilation is a temporary situation. Once we have widely
-available Apple Silicon CI runners, we can build and test `arm64` and
-`universal2` wheels natively. That's why `universal2`/`arm64` wheels require opt-in by setting `CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS`.
+It's easiest to build `x86_64` wheels on `x86_64` runners, and `arm64` wheels on `arm64` runners.
+
+On GitHub Actions, `macos-14` runners are `arm64`, and `macos-13` runners are `x86_64`. So all you need to do is ensure both are in your build matrix.
+
+#### Cross-compiling
+
+If your CI provider doesn't offer arm64 runners yet, or you want to create `universal2`, you'll have to cross-compile. Cross-compilation can be enabled by adding extra archs to the [`CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS` option](options.md#archs) - e.g. `CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS="x86_64 universal2"`. Cross-compilation is provided by Xcode toolchain v12.2+.
+
+Regarding testing,
+
+- On an arm64 runner, it is possible to test x86_64 wheels and both parts of a universal2 wheel using Rosetta 2 emulation.
+- On an x86_64 runner, arm64 code can be compiled but it can't be tested. `cibuildwheel` will raise a warning to notify you of this - these warnings can be silenced by skipping testing on these platforms: `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*_arm64 *_universal2:arm64"`.
 
 !!! note
-    Your runner needs Xcode Command Line Tools 12.2 or later to build `universal2` or `arm64`.
+    If your project uses **Poetry** as a build backend, cross-compiling on macOS [does not currently work](https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry/issues/7107). In some cases arm64 wheels can be built but their tags will be incorrect, with the platform tag showing `x86_64` instead of `arm64`.
 
-    Only CPython 3.8 and newer support `universal2` and `arm64` wheels.
-
-Here's an example GitHub Actions workflow with a job that builds for Apple Silicon:
-
-> .github/workflows/build_macos.yml
-
-```yml
-{% include "../examples/github-apple-silicon.yml" %}
-```
-
-Here's an example Cirrus CI workflow with a job that builds for macOS Intel through Rosetta 2 emulation and for Apple Silicon natively:
-
-> .cirrus.yml
-
-```yml
-{% include "../examples/cirrus-ci-intel-mac.yml" %}
-```
+    As a workaround, the tag can be fixed before running delocate to repair the wheel. The [`wheel tags`](https://wheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/wheel_tags.html) command is ideal for this. See [this workflow](https://gist.github.com/anderssonjohan/49f07e33fc5cb2420515a8ac76dc0c95#file-build-pendulum-wheels-yml-L39-L53) for an example usage of `wheel tags`.
 
 ### Building Linux wheels for non-native archs using emulation  {: #emulation}
 
@@ -145,7 +142,7 @@ There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
 
 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.12.3
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.17.0
 ```
 
 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
@@ -167,7 +164,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `
 
 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+cibuildwheel==2.17.0
 ```
 
 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
@@ -202,7 +199,6 @@ to build, your pyproject.toml might include a section like this:
 [build-system]
 requires = [
     "setuptools>=42",
-    "wheel",
     "Cython",
 ]
 
@@ -253,7 +249,7 @@ Consider incorporating these into your package, for example, in `setup.py` using
 
 ### Python 2.7 / PyPy2 wheels
 
-See the [cibuildwheel version 1 docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/1.x/) for information about building Python 2.7 or PyPy2 wheels. There are lots of tricks and workaround there that are no longer required for Python 3 in cibuildwheel 2.
+See the [cibuildwheel version 1 docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/1.x/) for information about building Python 2.7 or PyPy2 wheels. There are lots of tricks and workaround there that are no longer required for Python 3 in cibuildwheel 2.
 
 ## Troubleshooting
 
@@ -311,7 +307,7 @@ Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to use pipx:
 # most runners have pipx preinstalled, but in case you don't
 python3 -m pip install pipx
 
-pipx run cibuildwheel==2.12.3 --output-dir wheelhouse
+pipx run cibuildwheel==2.17.0 --output-dir wheelhouse
 pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 
@@ -319,7 +315,7 @@ pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 
 macOS has built-in [System Integrity protections](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/System_Integrity_Protection_Guide/RuntimeProtections/RuntimeProtections.html) which limits the use of `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH` and `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` so that it does not automatically pass to children processes. This means if you set `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH` before running cibuildwheel, or even set it in `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`, it will be stripped out of the environment before delocate is called.
 
-To work around this, use a different environment variable such as `REPAIR_LIBRARY_PATH` to store the library path, and set `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH` in [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_MACOS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command), like this:
+To work around this, use a different environment variable such as `REPAIR_LIBRARY_PATH` to store the library path, and set `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH` in [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_MACOS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command), like this:
 
 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
 
@@ -381,7 +377,7 @@ To investigate the dependencies of a C extension (i.e., the `.pyd` file, a DLL i
 
 ### Windows ARM64 builds {: #windows-arm64}
 
-`cibuildwheel` supports cross-compiling `ARM64` wheels on all Windows runners, but a native ARM64 runner is required for testing. On non-native runners, tests for ARM64 wheels will be automatically skipped with a warning. Add `*-win_arm64` to your `CIBW_TEST_SKIP` setting to suppress the warning.
+`cibuildwheel` supports cross-compiling `ARM64` wheels on all Windows runners, but a native ARM64 runner is required for testing. On non-native runners, tests for ARM64 wheels will be automatically skipped with a warning. Add `"*-win_arm64"` to your `CIBW_TEST_SKIP` setting to suppress the warning.
 
 Cross-compilation on Windows relies on a supported build backend. Supported backends use an environment variable to specify their target platform (the one they are compiling native modules for, as opposed to the one they are running on), which is set in [cibuildwheels/windows.py](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/windows.py) before building. Currently, `setuptools>=65.4.1` and `setuptools_rust` are the only supported backends.
 

docs/index.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ How it works
 This diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platform to build your package's wheels.
 
 {%
-   include-markdown "diagram.md"
+   include "diagram.html"
 %}
 
 This isn't exhaustive, for a full list of the things cibuildwheel can do, check the [options](options.md) page.

docs/options.md

@@ -135,6 +135,10 @@ trigger new containers, one per image. Some commands are not supported;
 `output-dir`, build/skip/test_skip selectors, and architectures cannot be
 overridden.
 
+You can specify a table of overrides in `inherit={}`, any list or table in this
+list will inherit from previous overrides or the main configuration. The valid
+options are `"none"` (the default), `"append"`, and `"prepend"`.
+
 ##### Examples:
 
 ```toml
@@ -169,6 +173,69 @@ This example will build CPython 3.6 wheels on manylinux1, CPython 3.7-3.9
 wheels on manylinux2010, and manylinux2014 wheels for any newer Python
 (like 3.10).
 
+```toml
+[tool.cibuildwheel]
+environment = {FOO="BAR", "HAM"="EGGS"}
+test-command = ["pyproject"]
+
+[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+select = "cp311*"
+
+inherit.test-command = "prepend"
+test-command = ["pyproject-before"]
+
+inherit.environment="append"
+environment = {FOO="BAZ", "PYTHON"="MONTY"}
+
+[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+select = "cp311*"
+inherit.test-command = "append"
+test-command = ["pyproject-after"]
+```
+
+This example will provide the command `"pyproject-before && pyproject && pyproject-after"`
+on Python 3.11, and will have `environment = {FOO="BAZ", "PYTHON"="MONTY", "HAM"="EGGS"}`.
+
+
+### Extending existing options {: #inherit }
+
+In the TOML configuration, you can choose how tables and lists are inherited.
+By default, all values are overridden completely (`"none"`) but sometimes you'd
+rather `"append"` or `"prepend"` to an existing list or table. You can do this
+with the `inherit` table in overrides.  For example, if you want to add an environment
+variable for CPython 3.11, without `inherit` you'd have to repeat all the
+original environment variables in the override. With `inherit`, it's just:
+
+```toml
+[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+select = "cp311*"
+inherit.environment = "append"
+environment.NEWVAR = "Added!"
+```
+
+For a table, `"append"` will replace a key if it exists, while `"prepend"` will
+only add a new key, older keys take precedence.
+
+Lists are also supported (and keep in mind that commands are lists). For
+example, you can print a message before and after a wheel is repaired:
+
+```toml
+[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+select = "*"
+inherit.repair-wheel-command = "prepend"
+repair-wheel-command = "echo 'Before repair'"
+
+[[tool.cibuildwheel.overrides]]
+select = "*"
+inherit.repair-wheel-command = "append"
+repair-wheel-command = "echo 'After repair'"
+```
+
+As seen in this example, you can have multiple overrides match - they match top
+to bottom, with the config being accumulated. If you need platform-specific
+inheritance, you can use `select = "*-????linux_*"` for Linux, `select =
+"*-win_*"` for Windows, and `select = "*-macosx_*"` for macOS. As always,
+environment variables will completely override any TOML configuration.
 
 ## Options summary
 
@@ -184,7 +251,7 @@ Options: `auto` `linux` `macos` `windows`
 
 Default: `auto`
 
-`auto` will auto-detect platform using environment variables, such as `TRAVIS_OS_NAME`/`APPVEYOR`/`CIRCLECI`.
+`auto` will build wheels for the current platform.
 
 - For `linux`, you need [Docker or Podman](#container-engine) running, on Linux, macOS, or Windows.
 - For `macos` and `windows`, you need to be running on the respective system, with a working compiler toolchain installed - Xcode Command Line tools for macOS, and MSVC for Windows.
@@ -192,7 +259,7 @@ Default: `auto`
 This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line) `--platform`. This option is not available in the `pyproject.toml` config.
 
 !!! tip
-    You can use this option to locally debug your cibuildwheel config, instead of pushing to CI to test every change. For example:
+    You can use this option to locally debug your cibuildwheel config on Linux, instead of pushing to CI to test every change. For example:
 
     ```bash
     export CIBW_BUILD='cp37-*'
@@ -200,6 +267,8 @@ This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line) `--pl
     cibuildwheel --platform linux .
     ```
 
+    Linux builds are the easiest to test locally, because all the build tools are supplied in the container, and they run exactly the same locally as in CI.
+
     This is even more convenient if you store your cibuildwheel config in [`pyproject.toml`](#configuration-file).
 
     You can also run a single identifier with `--only <identifier>`. This will
@@ -218,17 +287,19 @@ When setting the options, you can use shell-style globbing syntax, as per [fnmat
 
 <div class="build-id-table-marker"></div>
 
-|              | macOS                                                                  | Windows                                             | Linux Intel                                                                                         | Linux Other                                                                                                                                                     |
-|--------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| Python 3.6   | cp36-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp36-win_amd64<br/>cp36-win32                       | cp36-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-manylinux_i686<br/>cp36-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-musllinux_i686     | cp36-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp36-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-musllinux_s390x       |
-| Python 3.7   | cp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp37-win_amd64<br/>cp37-win32                       | cp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-manylinux_i686<br/>cp37-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-musllinux_i686     | cp37-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp37-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-musllinux_s390x       |
-| Python 3.8   | cp38-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp38-macosx_universal2<br/>cp38-macosx_arm64    | cp38-win_amd64<br/>cp38-win32                       | cp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-manylinux_i686<br/>cp38-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-musllinux_i686     | cp38-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp38-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-musllinux_s390x       |
-| Python 3.9   | cp39-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp39-macosx_universal2<br/>cp39-macosx_arm64    | cp39-win_amd64<br/>cp39-win32<br/>cp39-win_arm64    | cp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp39-manylinux_i686<br/>cp39-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp39-musllinux_i686     | cp39-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp39-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp39-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp39-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp39-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp39-musllinux_s390x       |
-| Python 3.10  | cp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp310-macosx_universal2<br/>cp310-macosx_arm64 | cp310-win_amd64<br/>cp310-win32<br/>cp310-win_arm64 | cp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-manylinux_i686<br/>cp310-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-musllinux_i686 | cp310-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp310-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-musllinux_s390x |
-| Python 3.11  | cp311-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp311-macosx_universal2<br/>cp311-macosx_arm64 | cp311-win_amd64<br/>cp311-win32<br/>cp311-win_arm64 | cp311-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-manylinux_i686<br/>cp311-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-musllinux_i686 | cp311-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp311-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-musllinux_s390x |
-| PyPy3.7 v7.3 | pp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp37-win_amd64                                      | pp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp37-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp37-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
-| PyPy3.8 v7.3 | pp38-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp38-macosx_arm64                               | pp38-win_amd64                                      | pp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp38-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp38-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
-| PyPy3.9 v7.3 | pp39-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp39-macosx_arm64                               | pp39-win_amd64                                      | pp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp39-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp39-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
+|               | macOS                                                                  | Windows                                             | Linux Intel                                                                                         | Linux Other                                                                                                                                                     |
+|---------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| Python 3.6    | cp36-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp36-win_amd64<br/>cp36-win32                       | cp36-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-manylinux_i686<br/>cp36-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-musllinux_i686     | cp36-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp36-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-musllinux_s390x       |
+| Python 3.7    | cp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp37-win_amd64<br/>cp37-win32                       | cp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-manylinux_i686<br/>cp37-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-musllinux_i686     | cp37-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp37-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-musllinux_s390x       |
+| Python 3.8    | cp38-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp38-macosx_universal2<br/>cp38-macosx_arm64    | cp38-win_amd64<br/>cp38-win32                       | cp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-manylinux_i686<br/>cp38-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-musllinux_i686     | cp38-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp38-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-musllinux_s390x       |
+| Python 3.9    | cp39-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp39-macosx_universal2<br/>cp39-macosx_arm64    | cp39-win_amd64<br/>cp39-win32<br/>cp39-win_arm64    | cp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp39-manylinux_i686<br/>cp39-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp39-musllinux_i686     | cp39-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp39-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp39-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp39-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp39-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp39-musllinux_s390x       |
+| Python 3.10   | cp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp310-macosx_universal2<br/>cp310-macosx_arm64 | cp310-win_amd64<br/>cp310-win32<br/>cp310-win_arm64 | cp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-manylinux_i686<br/>cp310-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-musllinux_i686 | cp310-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp310-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-musllinux_s390x |
+| Python 3.11   | cp311-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp311-macosx_universal2<br/>cp311-macosx_arm64 | cp311-win_amd64<br/>cp311-win32<br/>cp311-win_arm64 | cp311-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-manylinux_i686<br/>cp311-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-musllinux_i686 | cp311-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp311-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-musllinux_s390x |
+| Python 3.12   | cp312-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp312-macosx_universal2<br/>cp312-macosx_arm64 | cp312-win_amd64<br/>cp312-win32<br/>cp312-win_arm64 | cp312-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp312-manylinux_i686<br/>cp312-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp312-musllinux_i686 | cp312-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp312-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp312-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp312-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp312-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp312-musllinux_s390x |
+| PyPy3.7 v7.3  | pp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp37-win_amd64                                      | pp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp37-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp37-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
+| PyPy3.8 v7.3  | pp38-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp38-macosx_arm64                               | pp38-win_amd64                                      | pp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp38-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp38-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
+| PyPy3.9 v7.3  | pp39-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp39-macosx_arm64                               | pp39-win_amd64                                      | pp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp39-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp39-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
+| PyPy3.10 v7.3 | pp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp310-macosx_arm64                             | pp310-win_amd64                                     | pp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp310-manylinux_i686                                                     | pp310-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                         |
 
 The list of supported and currently selected build identifiers can also be retrieved by passing the `--print-build-identifiers` flag to cibuildwheel.
 The format is `python_tag-platform_tag`, with tags similar to those in [PEP 425](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0425/#details).
@@ -237,7 +308,7 @@ For CPython, the minimally supported macOS version is 10.9; for PyPy 3.7, macOS
 
 Windows arm64 platform support is experimental.
 
-See the [cibuildwheel 1 documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/1.x/) for past end-of-life versions of Python, and PyPy2.7.
+See the [cibuildwheel 1 documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/1.x/) for past end-of-life versions of Python, and PyPy2.7.
 
 #### Examples
 
@@ -341,8 +412,8 @@ See the [cibuildwheel 1 documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/1.
 
 A list of architectures to build.
 
-On macOS, this option can be used to cross-compile between `x86_64`,
-`universal2` and `arm64` for Apple Silicon support.
+On macOS, this option can be used to [cross-compile](faq.md#cross-compiling)
+between `x86_64`, `universal2` and `arm64`.
 
 On Linux, this option can be used to build non-native architectures under
 emulation. See [this guide](faq.md#emulation) for more information.
@@ -502,9 +573,19 @@ This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line) `--pr
 ### `CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND` {: #build-frontend}
 > Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now) or "build"
 
-Choose which build backend to use. Can either be "pip", which will run
+Options:
+
+- `pip[;args: ...]`
+- `build[;args: ...]`
+
+Default: `pip`
+
+Choose which build frontend to use. Can either be "pip", which will run
 `python -m pip wheel`, or "build", which will run `python -m build --wheel`.
 
+You can specify extra arguments to pass to `pip wheel` or `build` using the
+optional `args` option.
+
 !!! tip
     Until v2.0.0, [pip] was the only way to build wheels, and is still the
     default. However, we expect that at some point in the future, cibuildwheel
@@ -524,6 +605,9 @@ Choose which build backend to use. Can either be "pip", which will run
 
     # Ensure pip is used even if the default changes in the future
     CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: "pip"
+
+    # supply an extra argument to 'pip wheel'
+    CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: "pip; args: --no-build-isolation"
     ```
 
 !!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
@@ -535,6 +619,9 @@ Choose which build backend to use. Can either be "pip", which will run
 
     # Ensure pip is used even if the default changes in the future
     build-frontend = "pip"
+
+    # supply an extra argument to 'pip wheel'
+    build-frontend = { name = "pip", args = ["--no-build-isolation"] }
     ```
 
 ### `CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS` {: #config-settings}
@@ -549,7 +636,7 @@ a table of items, including arrays.
     single values.
 
 Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>
-`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_MACOS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX`
+`CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS_MACOS` | `CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS_LINUX`
 
 
 #### Examples
@@ -569,11 +656,11 @@ Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>
 
 
 ### `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` {: #environment}
-> Set environment variables needed during the build
+> Set environment variables
 
-A list of environment variables to set during the build. Bash syntax should be used, even on Windows.
+A list of environment variables to set during the build and test phases. Bash syntax should be used, even on Windows.
 
-You must set this variable to pass variables to Linux builds (since they execute in a container). It also works for the other platforms.
+You must use this variable to pass variables to Linux builds, since they execute in a container. It also works for the other platforms.
 
 You can use `$PATH` syntax to insert other variables, or the `$(pwd)` syntax to insert the output of other shell commands.
 
@@ -655,13 +742,19 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 !!! note
     cibuildwheel always defines the environment variable `CIBUILDWHEEL=1`. This can be useful for [building wheels with optional extensions](faq.md#building-packages-with-optional-c-extensions).
 
-### `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX` {: #environment-pass}
-> Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build.
+!!! note
+    To do its work, cibuildwheel sets the variables `VIRTUALENV_PIP`, `DIST_EXTRA_CONFIG`, `SETUPTOOLS_EXT_SUFFIX`, `PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK`, `PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION`, and it extends the variables `PATH` and `PIP_CONSTRAINT`. Your assignments to these options might be replaced or extended.
 
-A list of environment variables to pass into the linux container during the build. It has no effect on the other platforms, which can already access all environment variables directly.
+### `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX` {: #environment-pass}
+> Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container.
+
+A list of environment variables to pass into the linux container during each build and test. It has no effect on the other platforms, which can already access all environment variables directly.
 
 To specify more than one environment variable, separate the variable names by spaces.
 
+!!! note
+    cibuildwheel automatically passes the environment variable [`SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH`](https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/source-date-epoch/) if defined.
+
 #### Examples
 
 !!! tab examples "Environment passthrough"
@@ -825,7 +918,6 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
         [build-system]
         requires = [
             "setuptools>=42",
-            "wheel",
             "Cython",
             "numpy==1.13.3; python_version<'3.5'",
             "oldest-supported-numpy; python_version>='3.5'",
@@ -896,9 +988,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
     CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND: >
       python scripts/repair_wheel.py -w {dest_dir} {wheel} &&
       python scripts/check_repaired_wheel.py -w {dest_dir} {wheel}
-    ```
 
-    ```yaml
     # Use abi3audit to catch issues with Limited API wheels
     CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_LINUX: >
       auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel} &&
@@ -932,9 +1022,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
       'python scripts/repair_wheel.py -w {dest_dir} {wheel}',
       'python scripts/check_repaired_wheel.py -w {dest_dir} {wheel}',
     ]
-    ```
 
-    ```toml
     # Use abi3audit to catch issues with Limited API wheels
     [tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
     repair-wheel-command = [
@@ -979,7 +1067,7 @@ Set an alternative Docker image to be used for building [manylinux / musllinux](
 For `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010`, `manylinux2014`, `manylinux_2_24` or `manylinux_2_28` to use a pinned version of the [official manylinux images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name. For PyPy, the `manylinux1` image is not available. For architectures other
 than x86 (x86\_64 and i686) `manylinux2014`, `manylinux_2_24` or `manylinux_2_28` must be used, because the first version of the manylinux specification that supports additional architectures is `manylinux2014`. `manylinux_2_28` is not supported for `i686` architecture.
 
-For `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `musllinux_1_1` to use a pinned version of the [official musllinux images](https://github.com/pypa/musllinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name.
+For `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `musllinux_1_1` or `musllinux_1_2` to use a pinned version of the [official musllinux images](https://github.com/pypa/musllinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name.
 
 If this option is blank, it will fall though to the next available definition (environment variable -> pyproject.toml -> default).
 
@@ -1048,9 +1136,12 @@ Auditwheel detects the version of the manylinux / musllinux standard in the imag
 
 
 ### `CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE` {: #container-engine}
-> Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels
+> Specify the container engine to use when building Linux wheels
 
-Options: `docker` `podman`
+Options:
+
+- `docker[;create_args: ...][;disable_host_mount: true/false]`
+- `podman[;create_args: ...][;disable_host_mount: true/false]`
 
 Default: `docker`
 
@@ -1059,6 +1150,14 @@ Set the container engine to use. Docker is the default, or you can switch to
 running and `docker` available on PATH. To use Podman, it needs to be
 installed and `podman` available on PATH.
 
+Options can be supplied after the name.
+
+| Option name | Description
+|---|---
+| `create_args` | Space-separated strings, which are passed to the container engine on the command line when it's creating the container. If you want to include spaces inside a parameter, use shell-style quoting.
+| `disable_host_mount` | By default, cibuildwheel will mount the root of the host filesystem as a volume at `/host` in the container. To disable the host mount, pass `true` to this option.
+
+
 !!! tip
 
     While most users will stick with Docker, Podman is available in different
@@ -1073,14 +1172,28 @@ installed and `podman` available on PATH.
 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
 
     ```yaml
+    # use podman instead of docker
     CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE: podman
+
+    # pass command line options to 'docker create'
+    CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE: "docker; create_args: --gpus all"
+
+    # disable the /host mount
+    CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE: "docker; disable_host_mount: true"
     ```
 
 !!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
 
     ```toml
     [tool.cibuildwheel]
+    # use podman instead of docker
     container-engine = "podman"
+
+    # pass command line options to 'docker create'
+    container-engine = { name = "docker", create-args = ["--gpus", "all"]}
+
+    # disable the /host mount
+    container-engine = { name = "docker", disable-host-mount = true }
     ```
 
 
@@ -1326,11 +1439,11 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 > Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require`
 
 List of
-[extras_require](https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html#declaring-extras-optional-features-with-their-own-dependencies)
+[extras_require](https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/dependency_management.html#declaring-required-dependency)
 options that should be included when installing the wheel prior to running the
 tests. This can be used to avoid having to redefine test dependencies in
-`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES` if they are already defined in `setup.py` or
-`setup.cfg`.
+`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES` if they are already defined in `pyproject.toml`,
+`setup.cfg` or `setup.py`.
 
 Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_LINUX`
@@ -1388,7 +1501,23 @@ This option is not supported in the overrides section in `pyproject.toml`.
     test-skip = "*-macosx_arm64 *-macosx_universal2:arm64"
     ```
 
-## Other
+## Debugging
+
+### `CIBW_DEBUG_KEEP_CONTAINER`
+
+Enable this flag to keep the container around for inspection after a build. This
+option is provided for debugging purposes only.
+
+Default: Off (0).
+
+!!! caution
+    This option can only be set as environment variable on the host machine
+
+#### Examples
+
+```shell
+export CIBW_DEBUG_KEEP_CONTAINER=TRUE
+```
 
 ### `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY` {: #build-verbosity}
 > Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel
@@ -1537,7 +1666,7 @@ Some options support placeholders, like `{project}`, `{package}` or `{wheel}`, t
         }
 
         var optionNames = option.name.trim().split(', ')
-        var url = 'https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#'+option.id;
+        var url = 'https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#'+option.id;
         var namesMarkdown = $.map(optionNames, function(n) {
           return '[`'+n+'`]('+url+') '
         }).join(' <br> ')

docs/setup.md

@@ -11,45 +11,14 @@ locally to quickly iterate and track down issues without even touching CI.
 
 Install cibuildwheel and run a build like this:
 
-!!! tab "Linux"
+```sh
+# using pipx (https://github.com/pypa/pipx)
+pipx run cibuildwheel
 
-    Using [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx):
-    ```sh
-    pipx run cibuildwheel --platform linux
-    ```
-
-    Or,
-    ```sh
-    pip install cibuildwheel
-    cibuildwheel --platform linux
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "macOS"
-
-    Using [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx):
-    ```sh
-    pipx run cibuildwheel --platform macos
-    ```
-
-    Or,
-    ```sh
-    pip install cibuildwheel
-    cibuildwheel --platform macos
-    ```
-
-
-!!! tab "Windows"
-
-    Using [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx):
-    ```bat
-    pipx run cibuildwheel --platform windows
-    ```
-
-    Or,
-    ```bat
-    pip install cibuildwheel
-    cibuildwheel --platform windows
-    ```
+# or,
+pip install cibuildwheel
+cibuildwheel
+```
 
 You should see the builds taking place. You can experiment with options using environment variables or pyproject.toml.
 
@@ -61,17 +30,17 @@ You should see the builds taking place. You can experiment with options using en
 
     ```sh
     # run a command to set up the build system
-    export CIBW_BEFORE_ALL='apt install libpng-dev'
+    export CIBW_BEFORE_ALL='uname -a'
 
-    cibuildwheel --platform linux
+    cibuildwheel
     ```
 
     > CMD (Windows)
 
     ```bat
-    set CIBW_BEFORE_ALL='apt install libpng-dev'
+    set CIBW_BEFORE_ALL='uname -a'
 
-    cibuildwheel --platform linux
+    cibuildwheel
     ```
 
 !!! tab "pyproject.toml"
@@ -82,13 +51,13 @@ You should see the builds taking place. You can experiment with options using en
 
     ```
     [tool.cibuildwheel]
-    before-all = "apt install libpng-dev"
+    before-all = "uname -a"
     ```
 
     Then invoke cibuildwheel, like:
 
     ```console
-    cibuildwheel --platform linux
+    cibuildwheel
     ```
 
 ### Linux builds
@@ -178,16 +147,18 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
         runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
         strategy:
           matrix:
-            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
+            # macos-13 is an intel runner, macos-14 is apple silicon
+            os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-14]
 
         steps:
-          - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+          - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
           - name: Build wheels
-            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.17.0
 
-          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
             with:
+              name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
               path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
     ```
 
@@ -210,22 +181,24 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
         runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
         strategy:
           matrix:
-            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
+            # macos-13 is an intel runner, macos-14 is apple silicon
+            os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-14]
 
         steps:
-          - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+          - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
           # Used to host cibuildwheel
           - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
 
           - name: Install cibuildwheel
-            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
 
           - name: Build wheels
             run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
 
-          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
             with:
+              name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
               path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
     ```
 

docs/working-examples.md

@@ -9,213 +9,221 @@ title: Working examples
 | Name                              | CI | OS | Notes |
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
-| [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
-| [Tornado][]                       | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. |
+| [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
+| [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
-| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
-| [MemRay][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Memray is a memory profiler for Python |
+| [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an in-process SQL OLAP Database Management System |
+| [MemRay][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Memray is a memory profiler for Python |
+| [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |
 | [uvloop][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast asyncio event loop. |
 | [psutil][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python |
-| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
 | [Google Benchmark][]              | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A microbenchmark support library |
+| [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
 | [Apache Beam][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Apache Beam is a unified programming model for Batch and Streaming data processing. |
-| [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |
-| [asyncpg][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio. |
 | [PyGame][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🐍🎮 pygame (the library) is a Free and Open Source python programming language library for making multimedia applications like games built on top of the excellent SDL library. C, Python, Native, OpenGL. |
+| [asyncpg][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio. |
 | [cmake][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [scikit-image][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project that uses Cython with platform-native code.  |
 | [twisted-iocpsupport][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] | A submodule of Twisted that hooks into native C APIs using Cython. |
 | [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
-| [websockets][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Library for building WebSocket servers and clients. Mostly written in Python, with a small C 'speedups' extension module.  |
 | [cvxpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A Python-embedded modeling language for convex optimization problems. |
+| [websockets][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Library for building WebSocket servers and clients. Mostly written in Python, with a small C 'speedups' extension module.  |
+| [pedalboard][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A Python library for working with audio data and audio plugins by wrapping the [JUCE](https://github.com/juce-framework/JUCE/) C++ framework. Uses cibuildwheel to deploy on as many operating systems and Python versions as possible with only one dependency (any NumPy).  |
 | [River][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🌊 Online machine learning in Python |
 | [UltraJSON][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast JSON decoder and encoder written in C with Python bindings |
 | [OpenSpiel][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | OpenSpiel is a collection of environments and algorithms for research in general reinforcement learning and search/planning in games. |
 | [aiortc][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebRTC and ORTC implementation for Python using asyncio. |
-| [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] ![circleci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy. ARM wheels for linux are built natively on CircleCI.  |
 | [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
+| [Dependency Injector][]           | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Dependency injection framework for Python, uses Windows TravisCI |
+| [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] ![circleci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy. ARM wheels for linux are built natively on CircleCI.  |
 | [Implicit][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes GPU support for linux wheels |
 | [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
 | [tinyobjloader][]                 | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tiny but powerful single file wavefront obj loader |
-| [Dependency Injector][]           | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Dependency injection framework for Python, uses Windows TravisCI |
 | [coverage.py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The coverage tool for Python |
 | [PyCryptodome][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A self-contained cryptographic library for Python |
-| [PyYAML][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] | Canonical source repository for PyYAML |
-| [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, PyTables, pandas, bcolz and more |
-| [h5py][]                          | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | HDF5 for Python -- The h5py package is a Pythonic interface to the HDF5 binary data format. |
-| [PyAV][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries. |
-| [Wrapt][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python module for decorators, wrappers and monkey patching. |
+| [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures. |
 | [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
-| [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by qpdf |
-| [envd][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | 🏕️ Reproducible development environment for AI/ML |
-| [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
+| [PyYAML][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] | Canonical source repository for PyYAML |
+| [PyAV][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries. |
+| [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, Pandas, PyTables and more |
+| [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by QPDF |
+| [h5py][]                          | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | HDF5 for Python -- The h5py package is a Pythonic interface to the HDF5 binary data format. |
+| [Wrapt][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python module for decorators, wrappers and monkey patching. |
+| [envd][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A machine learning development environment build tool |
 | [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
+| [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
 | [aioquic][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | QUIC and HTTP/3 implementation in Python |
-| [OpenTimelineIO][]                | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Open Source API and interchange format for editorial timeline information. |
-| [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
 | [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
 | [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
+| [OpenTimelineIO][]                | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Open Source API and interchange format for editorial timeline information. |
+| [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
 | [Parselmouth][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python interface to the Praat software package, using pybind11, C++17 and CMake, with the core Praat static library built only once and shared between wheels. |
-| [DeepForest][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | An Efficient, Scalable and Optimized Python Framework for Deep Forest (2021.2.1) |
 | [google neuroglancer][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebGL-based viewer for volumetric data |
+| [DeepForest][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | An Efficient, Scalable and Optimized Python Framework for Deep Forest (2021.2.1) |
 | [AutoPy][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
-| [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures. |
 | [H3-py][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for H3, a hierarchical hexagonal geospatial indexing system |
-| [Rtree][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Rtree: spatial index for Python GIS ¶ |
-| [markupsafe][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup. |
+| [mosec][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A machine learning model serving framework powered by Rust |
 | [Picologging][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A high-performance logging library for Python. |
-| [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
-| [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
-| [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
-| [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
+| [markupsafe][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup. |
+| [Rtree][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Rtree: spatial index for Python GIS |
 | [time-machine][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Time mocking library using only the CPython C API. |
+| [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
+| [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
+| [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
+| [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
+| [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
 | [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
 | [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
-| [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
 | [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
-| [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
-| [matrixprofile][]                 | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python 3 library making time series data mining tasks, utilizing matrix profile algorithms, accessible to everyone. |
 | [abess][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions. |
-| [mosec][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A high-performance serving framework for ML models, offers dynamic batching and multi-stage pipeline to fully exploit your compute machine |
+| [matrixprofile][]                 | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python 3 library making time series data mining tasks, utilizing matrix profile algorithms, accessible to everyone. |
+| [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
 | [jq.py][]                         | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for jq |
 | [iminuit][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Jupyter-friendly Python interface for C++ MINUIT2 |
 | [Tokenizer][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast and customizable text tokenization library with BPE and SentencePiece support |
+| [keyvi][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | FST based key value index highly optimized for size and lookup performance, utilizes ccache action for improved runtime |
 | [PyGLM][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Fast OpenGL Mathematics (GLM) for Python |
+| [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] ![cirrusci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Bindings to libheif library with third party dependencies. Fully automated CI for tests and publishing including Apple Silicon builds. |
 | [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
+| [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
 | [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
-| [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [Python-WebRTC][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | a Python extension that provides bindings to WebRTC M92 |
 | [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast Base64 encoding/decoding in Python |
-| [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] ![cirrusci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Bindings to libheif library with third party dependencies. Fully automated CI for tests and publishing including Apple Silicon builds. |
-| [Arbor][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Arbor is a multi-compartment neuron simulation library; compatible with next-generation accelerators; best-practices applied to research software; focused on community-driven development. Includes a [small script](https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor/blob/master/scripts/patchwheel.py) patching `rpath` in bundled libraries.  |
-| [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
-| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
-| [polaroid][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Full range of wheels for setuptools rust, with auto release and PyPI deploy. |
 | [power-grid-model][]              | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis |
-| [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
-| [cf-units][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Units of measure as required by the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions |
+| [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
+| [Arbor][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Arbor is a multi-compartment neuron simulation library; compatible with next-generation accelerators; best-practices applied to research software; focused on community-driven development. Includes a [small script](https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor/blob/master/scripts/patchwheel.py) patching `rpath` in bundled libraries.  |
+| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
 | [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
+| [polaroid][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Full range of wheels for setuptools rust, with auto release and PyPI deploy. |
+| [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
 | [clang-format][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels. |
-| [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
+| [cf-units][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Units of measure as required by the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions |
 | [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
+| [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
 | [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
-| [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
 | [ril][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A python binding to Rust Imaging library using maturin and Pyo3, utilizes Github Action cache to improve speed. Builds abi3 wheels. |
+| [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
 | [SiPM][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | High performance library for SiPM detectors simulation using C++17, OpenMP and AVX2 intrinsics. |
-| [CorrectionLib][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Structured JSON powered correction library for HEP, designed for the CMS experiment at CERN. |
-| [pyinstrument_cext][]             | ![travisci icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A simple C extension, without external dependencies |
 | [xmlstarlet][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python 3.6+ CFFI bindings with true MSVC build. |
+| [CorrectionLib][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Structured JSON powered correction library for HEP, designed for the CMS experiment at CERN. |
+| [aalink][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Async Python interface for Ableton Link. |
+| [pyinstrument_cext][]             | ![travisci icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A simple C extension, without external dependencies |
+| [werpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | An ultra-fast python package using optimized dynamic programming to compute the Word Error Rate (WER). |
 | [pybind11 cross build example][]  | ![github icon][] ![gitlab icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Same as pybind11 cmake_example but used to demo Linux ARM + Windows + macOS builds on GitLab |
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
-[NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
 [pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq
+[NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
-[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
-[MemRay]: https://github.com/bloomberg/memray
+[Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
+[MemRay]: https://github.com/bloomberg/memray
+[Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton
 [uvloop]: https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop
 [psutil]: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
-[vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
 [Google Benchmark]: https://github.com/google/benchmark
+[vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
 [Apache Beam]: https://github.com/apache/beam
-[Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton
-[asyncpg]: https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg
 [PyGame]: https://github.com/pygame/pygame
+[asyncpg]: https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg
 [cmake]: https://github.com/scikit-build/cmake-python-distributions
 [scikit-image]: https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image
 [twisted-iocpsupport]: https://github.com/twisted/twisted-iocpsupport
 [PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
-[websockets]: https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets
 [cvxpy]: https://github.com/cvxpy/cvxpy
+[websockets]: https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets
+[pedalboard]: https://github.com/spotify/pedalboard
 [River]: https://github.com/online-ml/river
 [UltraJSON]: https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson
 [OpenSpiel]: https://github.com/deepmind/open_spiel
 [aiortc]: https://github.com/aiortc/aiortc
-[pyzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq
 [Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
+[Dependency Injector]: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
+[pyzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq
 [Implicit]: https://github.com/benfred/implicit
 [vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
 [tinyobjloader]: https://github.com/tinyobjloader/tinyobjloader
-[Dependency Injector]: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 [coverage.py]: https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy
 [PyCryptodome]: https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome
-[PyYAML]: https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
-[numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
-[h5py]: https://github.com/h5py/h5py
-[PyAV]: https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV
-[Wrapt]: https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
+[CTranslate2]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/CTranslate2
 [Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
+[PyYAML]: https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
+[PyAV]: https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV
+[numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
 [pikepdf]: https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf
+[h5py]: https://github.com/h5py/h5py
+[Wrapt]: https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
 [envd]: https://github.com/tensorchord/envd
-[SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
 [OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
+[SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
 [aioquic]: https://github.com/aiortc/aioquic
-[OpenTimelineIO]: https://github.com/PixarAnimationStudios/OpenTimelineIO
-[PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
 [ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
 [Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
+[OpenTimelineIO]: https://github.com/PixarAnimationStudios/OpenTimelineIO
+[PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
 [Parselmouth]: https://github.com/YannickJadoul/Parselmouth
-[DeepForest]: https://github.com/LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
 [google neuroglancer]: https://github.com/google/neuroglancer
+[DeepForest]: https://github.com/LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
 [AutoPy]: https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy
-[CTranslate2]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/CTranslate2
 [H3-py]: https://github.com/uber/h3-py
-[Rtree]: https://github.com/Toblerity/rtree
-[markupsafe]: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
+[mosec]: https://github.com/mosecorg/mosec
 [Picologging]: https://github.com/microsoft/picologging
-[pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
-[python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
-[KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
-[python-snappy]: https://github.com/andrix/python-snappy
+[markupsafe]: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
+[Rtree]: https://github.com/Toblerity/rtree
 [time-machine]: https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine
+[pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
+[KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
+[python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
+[dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
+[python-snappy]: https://github.com/andrix/python-snappy
 [tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
 [pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
-[dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
 [sourmash]: https://github.com/dib-lab/sourmash
-[cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
-[matrixprofile]: https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile
 [abess]: https://github.com/abess-team/abess
-[mosec]: https://github.com/mosecorg/mosec
+[matrixprofile]: https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile
+[cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
 [jq.py]: https://github.com/mwilliamson/jq.py
 [iminuit]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/iminuit
 [Tokenizer]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/Tokenizer
+[keyvi]: https://github.com/KeyviDev/keyvi
 [PyGLM]: https://github.com/Zuzu-Typ/PyGLM
+[pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
 [TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
+[iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
 [boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
-[iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [Python-WebRTC]: https://github.com/MarshalX/python-webrtc
 [pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
-[pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
-[Arbor]: https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor
-[fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
-[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
-[polaroid]: https://github.com/daggy1234/polaroid
 [power-grid-model]: https://github.com/alliander-opensource/power-grid-model
-[etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
-[cf-units]: https://github.com/SciTools/cf-units
+[fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
+[Arbor]: https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor
+[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
 [pybind11 scikit_build_example]: https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example
+[polaroid]: https://github.com/daggy1234/polaroid
+[etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
 [clang-format]: https://github.com/ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
-[numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
+[cf-units]: https://github.com/SciTools/cf-units
 [ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
+[numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
 [pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
-[GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd
 [ril]: https://github.com/Cryptex-github/ril-py
+[GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd
 [SiPM]: https://github.com/EdoPro98/SimSiPM
-[CorrectionLib]: https://github.com/cms-nanoAOD/correctionlib
-[pyinstrument_cext]: https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument_cext
 [xmlstarlet]: https://github.com/dimitern/xmlstarlet
+[CorrectionLib]: https://github.com/cms-nanoAOD/correctionlib
+[aalink]: https://github.com/artfwo/aalink
+[pyinstrument_cext]: https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument_cext
+[werpy]: https://github.com/analyticsinmotion/werpy
 [pybind11 cross build example]: https://github.com/wbarnha/pybind_cmake_example_crossbuild
 
 [appveyor icon]: data/readme_icons/appveyor.svg

examples/appveyor-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ stack: python 3.7
 init:
 - cmd: set PATH=C:\Python37;C:\Python37\Scripts;%PATH%
 
-install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
 
 build_script: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
 

examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+        pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels

examples/circleci-minimal.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux wheels.
           command: |
-            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.17.0
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
   linux-aarch64-wheels:
     working_directory: ~/linux-aarch64-wheels
     machine:
-      image: ubuntu-2004:2022.04.1
+      image: default
     # resource_class is what tells CircleCI to use an ARM worker for native arm builds
     # https://circleci.com/product/features/resource-classes/
     resource_class: arm.medium
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux aarch64 wheels.
           command: |
-            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==2.17.0
             python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the OS X wheels.
           command: |
-            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/

examples/cirrus-ci-intel-mac.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
   install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
   run_cibuildwheel_script:
     - cibuildwheel
   wheels_artifacts:
@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@ build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
 macos_task:
   name: Build macOS x86_64 and arm64 wheels.
   macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-xcode
 
   env:
-    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
+    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/libexec/bin:$PATH
     CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 arm64
   install_pre_requirements_script:
     - brew install python@3.10
-    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
   <<: *BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS

examples/cirrus-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
   install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
   run_cibuildwheel_script:
     - cibuildwheel
   wheels_artifacts:
@@ -50,11 +50,10 @@ windows_x86_task:
 macos_arm64_task:
   name: Build macOS arm64 wheels.
   macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
+    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-xcode
 
   env:
-    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
+    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/libexec/bin:$PATH
   install_pre_requirements_script:
     - brew install python@3.10
-    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
   <<: *BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS

examples/github-apple-silicon.yml

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-name: Build
-
-on: [push, pull_request]
-
-jobs:
-  build_wheels_macos:
-    name: Build wheels on macos-11
-    runs-on: macos-11
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.12.3
-        env:
-          CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 arm64
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl

examples/github-deploy.yml

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 name: Build and upload to PyPI
 
-# Build on every branch push, tag push, and pull request change:
-on: [push, pull_request]
-# Alternatively, to publish when a (published) GitHub Release is created, use the following:
-# on:
-#   push:
-#   pull_request:
-#   release:
-#     types:
-#       - published
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  release:
+    types:
+      - published
 
 jobs:
   build_wheels:
@@ -16,48 +16,51 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
+        # macos-13 is an intel runner, macos-14 is apple silicon
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-14]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.12.3
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.17.0
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
+          name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 
   build_sdist:
     name: Build source distribution
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Build sdist
         run: pipx run build --sdist
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
+          name: cibw-sdist
           path: dist/*.tar.gz
 
   upload_pypi:
     needs: [build_wheels, build_sdist]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    # upload to PyPI on every tag starting with 'v'
-    if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
-    # alternatively, to publish when a GitHub Release is created, use the following rule:
-    # if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
+    environment: pypi
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
+    if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
+    # or, alternatively, upload to PyPI on every tag starting with 'v' (remove on: release above to use this)
+    # if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
-          # unpacks default artifact into dist/
-          # if `name: artifact` is omitted, the action will create extra parent dir
-          name: artifact
+          # unpacks all CIBW artifacts into dist/
+          pattern: cibw-*
           path: dist
+          merge-multiple: true
 
-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.0
+      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
         with:
-          user: __token__
-          password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}
-          # To test: repository_url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
+          # To test: repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/

examples/github-minimal.yml

@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
+        # macos-13 is an intel runner, macos-14 is apple silicon
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-14]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.12.3
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.17.0
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
         #    ...
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ jobs:
         #   output-dir: wheelhouse
         #   config-file: "{package}/pyproject.toml"
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
+          name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl

examples/github-with-qemu.yml

@@ -8,24 +8,26 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
+        # macos-13 is an intel runner, macos-14 is apple silicon
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-14]
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
         with:
           platforms: all
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.12.3
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.17.0
         env:
           # configure cibuildwheel to build native archs ('auto'), and some
           # emulated ones
           CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: auto aarch64 ppc64le s390x
 
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
+          name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl

examples/gitlab-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ linux:
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:
     paths:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ windows:
   before_script:
     - choco install python -y --version 3.8.6
     - choco install git.install -y
-    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
   script:
     - py -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform windows
   artifacts:

examples/gitlab-with-qemu.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ linux:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
     # Warning: This is extremely slow, be careful with how many wheels you build
     - docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
     # Assuming your CI runner's default architecture is x86_64...
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform linux --archs aarch64
   artifacts:

examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
         - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
 
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
 
 script:
   # build the wheels, put them into './dist'

examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
         - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
 
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0
 
 script:
   # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'

examples/travis-ci-test-and-deploy.yml

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
     - stage: deploy
       name: Build and deploy Linux wheels
       services: docker
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0 twine
       script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
     # Deploy on windows
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
       name: Build and deploy Windows wheels
       os: windows
       language: shell
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.12.3 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.17.0 twine
       script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
 

noxfile.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import nox
 
 nox.options.sessions = ["lint", "pylint", "check_manifest", "tests"]
 
-PYTHON_ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
+PYTHON_ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12"]
 
 DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
 
@@ -113,6 +113,17 @@ def update_proj(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     )
 
 
+@nox.session(reuse_venv=True)
+def generate_schema(session: nox.Session) -> None:
+    """
+    Generate the cibuildwheel.schema.json file.
+    """
+    session.install("pyyaml")
+    output = session.run("python", "bin/generate_schema.py", silent=True)
+    assert isinstance(output, str)
+    DIR.joinpath("cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json").write_text(output)
+
+
 @nox.session(python="3.9")
 def docs(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     """

pyproject.toml

@@ -5,26 +5,17 @@ requires = [
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 
-[tool.black]
-line-length = 100
-target-version = ['py37', 'py38', 'py39', 'py310', 'py311']
-
-
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 minversion = "6.0"
 addopts = ["-ra", "--showlocals", "--strict-markers", "--strict-config"]
 junit_family = "xunit2"
-testpaths = [
-    "test",
-    "unit_test",
-]
 xfail_strict = true
 filterwarnings = ["error"]
 log_cli_level = "info"
 
 
 [tool.mypy]
-python_version = 3.7
+python_version = "3.8"
 files = [
     "cibuildwheel/*.py",
     "test/**/*.py",
@@ -33,7 +24,6 @@ files = [
     "noxfile.py",
 ]
 warn_unused_configs = true
-show_error_codes = true
 
 warn_redundant_casts = true
 no_implicit_reexport = true
@@ -83,7 +73,7 @@ ignore = [
 ]
 
 [tool.pylint]
-py-version = "3.7"
+py-version = "3.8"
 jobs = "0"
 fail-on = ["E", "F"]
 fail-under = "9.8"
@@ -119,8 +109,12 @@ messages_control.disable = [
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff]
-select = [
-  "E", "F", "W", # flake8
+target-version = "py38"
+line-length = 100
+
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+extend-select = [
   "B",           # flake8-bugbear
   "I",           # isort
   "ARG",         # flake8-unused-arguments
@@ -140,33 +134,34 @@ select = [
   "UP",          # pyupgrade
   "YTT",         # flake8-2020
   "EXE",         # flake8-executable
+  "PYI",         # flake8-pyi
 ]
-extend-ignore = [
+ignore = [
   "PLR",    # Design related pylint codes
   "E501",   # Line too long
   "RET504", "RET505", "RET508",  # else after control flow
   "PT004",  # Rename suggested for returnless fixtures
-  "PT007",  # False positive (fixed upstream)
+  "PT007",  # False positive
+  "PYI025", # Set as AbstractSet
+  "ISC001", # Conflicts with formatter
 ]
-target-version = "py37"
 typing-modules = ["cibuildwheel._compat.typing"]
 flake8-unused-arguments.ignore-variadic-names = true
 
-[tool.ruff.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api]
+[tool.ruff.lint.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api]
 "typing.Mapping".msg = "Use collections.abc.Mapping instead."
 "typing.Callable".msg = "Use collections.abc.Callable instead."
 "typing.Iterator".msg = "Use collections.abc.Iterator instead."
 "typing.Sequence".msg = "Use collections.abc.Sequence instead."
 "typing.Set".msg = "Use collections.abc.Set instead."
-"typing.Protocol".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.typing.Protocol instead."
-"typing.Final".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.typing.Final instead."
-"typing.Literal".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.typing.Literal instead."
-"typing.OrderedDict".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.typing.OrderedDict instead."
-"typing.TypedDict".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.typing.TypedDict instead."
 "typing.NotRequired".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.typing.NotRequired instead."
 "typing.assert_never".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.typing.assert_never instead."
 "tomllib".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.tomllib instead."
 "tomli".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.tomllib instead."
 
-[tool.ruff.per-file-ignores]
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
 "unit_test/*" = ["PLC1901"]
+"cibuildwheel/_compat/**.py" = ["TID251"]
+
+[tool.repo-review]
+ignore = ["PC170", "PP303"]

setup.cfg

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [metadata]
 name = cibuildwheel
-version = 2.12.3
+version = 2.17.0
 description = Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration.
 long_description = file: README.md
 long_description_content_type = text/markdown
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ url = https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel
 author = Joe Rickerby
 author_email = joerick@mac.com
 license = BSD-2-Clause
-license_file = LICENSE
+license_files = LICENSE
 classifiers =
     Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
     Intended Audience :: Developers
@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ classifiers =
     Natural Language :: English
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
     Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
     Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools
 keywords = ci,wheel,packaging,pypi,travis,appveyor,macos,linux,windows
 project_urls =
     Changelog=https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel#changelog
-    Documentation=https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/
+    Documentation=https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/
 
 [options]
 packages = find:
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ install_requires =
     platformdirs
     tomli;python_version < '3.11'
     typing-extensions>=4.1.0;python_version < '3.11'
-python_requires = >=3.7
+python_requires = >=3.8
 include_package_data = True
 zip_safe = False
 
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ include =
 [options.entry_points]
 console_scripts =
     cibuildwheel = cibuildwheel.__main__:main
+validate_pyproject.tool_schema =
+    cibuildwheel = cibuildwheel.schema:get_schema
 
 [options.package_data]
 cibuildwheel = resources/*

setup.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ extras = {
         "pytest-xdist",
         "build",
         "tomli_w",
+        "validate-pyproject",
     ],
     "bin": [
         "click",

test/conftest.py

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import json
+import subprocess
+from typing import Generator
+
 import pytest
 
+from cibuildwheel.util import detect_ci_provider
+
+from .utils import platform
+
 
 def pytest_addoption(parser) -> None:
     parser.addoption(
@@ -21,3 +29,25 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser) -> None:
 )
 def build_frontend_env(request) -> dict[str, str]:
     return request.param  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def docker_cleanup() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    def get_images() -> set[str]:
+        if detect_ci_provider() is None or platform != "linux":
+            return set()
+        images = subprocess.run(
+            ["docker", "image", "ls", "--format", "{{json .ID}}"],
+            text=True,
+            check=True,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        ).stdout
+        return {json.loads(image.strip()) for image in images.splitlines() if image.strip()}
+
+    images_before = get_images()
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        images_after = get_images()
+        for image in images_after - images_before:
+            subprocess.run(["docker", "rmi", image], check=False)

test/test_abi_variants.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def test_abi3(tmp_path):
     expected_wheels = [
         w.replace("cp38-cp38", "cp38-abi3")
         for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0")
-        if "-pp" not in w and "-cp39" not in w and "-cp310" not in w and "-cp311" not in w
+        if "-pp" not in w and "-cp39" not in w and "-cp31" not in w
     ]
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 

test/test_before_build.py

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ project_with_before_build_asserts = test_projects.new_c_project(
         r"""
         import os
 
-        # assert that the Python version as written to pythonversion.txt in the CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD step
+        # assert that the Python version as written to pythonversion_bb.txt in the CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD step
         # is the same one as is currently running.
-        version_file = 'c:\\pythonversion.txt' if sys.platform == 'win32' else '/tmp/pythonversion.txt'
+        version_file = 'c:\\pythonversion_bb.txt' if sys.platform == 'win32' else '/tmp/pythonversion_bb.txt'
         with open(version_file) as f:
             stored_version = f.read()
         print('stored_version', stored_version)
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ project_with_before_build_asserts = test_projects.new_c_project(
         assert stored_version == sys.version
 
         # check that the executable also was written
-        executable_file = 'c:\\pythonexecutable.txt' if sys.platform == 'win32' else '/tmp/pythonexecutable.txt'
+        executable_file = 'c:\\pythonexecutable_bb.txt' if sys.platform == 'win32' else '/tmp/pythonexecutable_bb.txt'
         with open(executable_file) as f:
             stored_executable = f.read()
         print('stored_executable', stored_executable)
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ def test(tmp_path):
     project_with_before_build_asserts.generate(project_dir)
 
     before_build = (
-        """python -c "import sys; open('{output_dir}pythonversion.txt', 'w').write(sys.version)" && """
-        '''python -c "import sys; open('{output_dir}pythonexecutable.txt', 'w').write(sys.executable)"'''
+        """python -c "import sys; open('{output_dir}pythonversion_bb.txt', 'w').write(sys.version)" && """
+        '''python -c "import sys; open('{output_dir}pythonexecutable_bb.txt', 'w').write(sys.executable)"'''
     )
 
     # build the wheels

test/test_before_test.py

@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from . import test_projects, utils
 
 before_test_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
-before_test_project.files[
-    "test/spam_test.py"
-] = r"""
+before_test_project.files["test/spam_test.py"] = r"""
 import sys
 import os
 from unittest import TestCase
@@ -13,10 +11,10 @@ from unittest import TestCase
 
 class TestBeforeTest(TestCase):
     def test_version(self):
-        # assert that the Python version as written to pythonversion.txt in the CIBW_BEFORE_TEST step
+        # assert that the Python version as written to pythonversion_bt.txt in the CIBW_BEFORE_TEST step
         # is the same one as is currently running.
         # because of use symlinks in MacOS run this test is also need
-        version_file = 'c:\\pythonversion.txt' if sys.platform == 'win32' else '/tmp/pythonversion.txt'
+        version_file = 'c:\\pythonversion_bt.txt' if sys.platform == 'win32' else '/tmp/pythonversion_bt.txt'
         with open(version_file) as f:
             stored_version = f.read()
         print('stored_version', stored_version)
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ class TestBeforeTest(TestCase):
 
     def test_prefix(self):
         # check that the prefix also was written
-        prefix_file = 'c:\\pythonprefix.txt' if sys.platform == 'win32' else '/tmp/pythonprefix.txt'
+        prefix_file = 'c:\\pythonprefix_bt.txt' if sys.platform == 'win32' else '/tmp/pythonprefix_bt.txt'
         with open(prefix_file) as f:
             stored_prefix = f.read()
         print('stored_prefix', stored_prefix)
@@ -49,8 +47,8 @@ def test(tmp_path):
         add_env={
             # write python version information to a temporary file, this is
             # checked in setup.py
-            "CIBW_BEFORE_TEST": """python -c "import sys; open('/tmp/pythonversion.txt', 'w').write(sys.version)" && python -c "import sys; open('/tmp/pythonprefix.txt', 'w').write(sys.prefix)" && python -m pip install {project}/dependency""",
-            "CIBW_BEFORE_TEST_WINDOWS": """python -c "import sys; open('c:\\pythonversion.txt', 'w').write(sys.version)" && python -c "import sys; open('c:\\pythonprefix.txt', 'w').write(sys.prefix)" && python -m pip install {project}/dependency""",
+            "CIBW_BEFORE_TEST": """python -c "import sys; open('/tmp/pythonversion_bt.txt', 'w').write(sys.version)" && python -c "import sys; open('/tmp/pythonprefix_bt.txt', 'w').write(sys.prefix)" && python -m pip install {project}/dependency""",
+            "CIBW_BEFORE_TEST_WINDOWS": """python -c "import sys; open('c:\\pythonversion_bt.txt', 'w').write(sys.version)" && python -c "import sys; open('c:\\pythonprefix_bt.txt', 'w').write(sys.prefix)" && python -m pip install {project}/dependency""",
             "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": "pytest",
             # the 'false ||' bit is to ensure this command runs in a shell on
             # mac/linux.

test/test_build_frontend_args.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import subprocess
+
+import pytest
+
+from . import utils
+from .test_projects.c import new_c_project
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("frontend_name", ["pip", "build"])
+def test_build_frontend_args(tmp_path, capfd, frontend_name):
+    project = new_c_project()
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    # the build will fail because the frontend is called with '-h' - it prints the help message
+    with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+        utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+            project_dir,
+            add_env={
+                "CIBW_BUILD": "cp311-*",
+                "CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": f"{frontend_name}; args: -h",
+            },
+        )
+
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+    print(captured.out)
+
+    # check that the help message was printed
+    if frontend_name == "pip":
+        assert "Usage:" in captured.out
+        assert "Wheel Options:" in captured.out
+    else:
+        assert "usage:" in captured.out
+        assert "A simple, correct Python build frontend." in captured.out

test/test_container_engine.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from . import test_projects, utils
 basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
 
 
-def test(tmp_path, capfd, request):
+def test_podman(tmp_path, capfd, request):
     if utils.platform != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")
 
@@ -38,3 +38,29 @@ def test(tmp_path, capfd, request):
     # check that stdout is bring passed-though from container correctly
     captured = capfd.readouterr()
     assert "test log statement from before-all" in captured.out
+
+
+def test_create_args(tmp_path, capfd):
+    if utils.platform != "linux":
+        pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")
+
+    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+    basic_project.generate(project_dir)
+
+    # build a manylinux wheel, using create_args to set an environment variable
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
+        project_dir,
+        add_env={
+            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp310-manylinux_*",
+            "CIBW_BEFORE_ALL": "echo TEST_CREATE_ARGS is set to $TEST_CREATE_ARGS",
+            "CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE": "docker; create_args: --env=TEST_CREATE_ARGS=itworks",
+        },
+    )
+
+    expected_wheels = [
+        w for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0") if ("cp310-manylinux" in w)
+    ]
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+    assert "TEST_CREATE_ARGS is set to itworks" in captured.out

test/test_container_images.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ dockcross_only_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
 )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("docker_cleanup")
 def test(tmp_path):
     if utils.platform != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")

test/test_cpp_standards.py

@@ -99,9 +99,7 @@ cpp17_project = cpp_test_project.copy()
 cpp17_project.template_context["extra_compile_args"] = [
     "/std:c++17" if utils.platform == "windows" else "-std=c++17"
 ]
-cpp17_project.template_context[
-    "spam_cpp_top_level_add"
-] = r"""
+cpp17_project.template_context["spam_cpp_top_level_add"] = r"""
 #include <utility>
 auto a = std::pair(5.0, false);
 """
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ def test_cpp17(tmp_path):
 
     # Pypy's distutils sets the default compiler to 'msvc9compiler', which
     # is too old to support cpp17.
-    add_env = {"CIBW_SKIP": "pp??-*"}
+    add_env = {"CIBW_SKIP": "pp*"}
 
     if utils.platform == "macos":
         add_env["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"] = "10.13"

test/test_dependency_versions.py

@@ -27,13 +27,11 @@ project_with_expected_version_checks = test_projects.new_c_project(
 
         print('Gathered versions', versions)
 
-        for package_name in ['pip', 'setuptools', 'wheel']:
-            env_name = 'EXPECTED_{}_VERSION'.format(package_name.upper())
-            expected_version = os.environ[env_name]
+        expected_version = os.environ['EXPECTED_PIP_VERSION']
 
-            assert '{}=={}'.format(package_name, expected_version) in versions, (
-                'error: {} version should equal {}'.format(package_name, expected_version)
-            )
+        assert f'pip=={expected_version}' in versions, (
+            f'error: pip version should equal {expected_version}'
+        )
         """
     )
 )
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ def get_versions_from_constraint_file(constraint_file):
     return dict(re.findall(VERSION_REGEX, constraint_file_text))
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("python_version", ["3.6", "3.8", "3.9"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("python_version", ["3.6", "3.8", "3.10"])
 def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env):
     if utils.platform == "linux":
         pytest.skip("linux doesn't pin individual tool versions, it pins manylinux images instead")
@@ -70,15 +68,13 @@ def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env):
         constraint_filename = "constraints-python38.txt"
         build_pattern = "[cp]p38-*"
     else:
-        constraint_filename = "constraints.txt"
-        build_pattern = "[cp]p39-*"
+        constraint_filename = "constraints-python310.txt"
+        build_pattern = "[cp]p310-*"
 
     constraint_file = cibuildwheel.util.resources_dir / constraint_filename
     constraint_versions = get_versions_from_constraint_file(constraint_file)
 
-    for package in ["pip", "setuptools", "wheel", "virtualenv"]:
-        env_name = f"EXPECTED_{package.upper()}_VERSION"
-        build_environment[env_name] = constraint_versions[package]
+    build_environment["EXPECTED_PIP_VERSION"] = constraint_versions["pip"]
 
     cibw_environment_option = " ".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in build_environment.items())
 
@@ -101,9 +97,9 @@ def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env):
         expected_wheels = [
             w for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0") if "-cp38" in w or "-pp38" in w
         ]
-    elif python_version == "3.9":
+    elif python_version == "3.10":
         expected_wheels = [
-            w for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0") if "-cp39" in w or "-pp39" in w
+            w for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0") if "-cp310" in w or "-pp310" in w
         ]
     else:
         msg = "unhandled python version"
@@ -120,10 +116,8 @@ def test_dependency_constraints_file(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
     project_with_expected_version_checks.generate(project_dir)
 
     tool_versions = {
-        "pip": "20.0.2",
-        "setuptools": "53.0.0",
-        "wheel": "0.36.2",
-        "virtualenv": "20.11.2",
+        "pip": "23.1.2",
+        "delocate": "0.10.3",
     }
 
     constraints_file = tmp_path / "constraints file.txt"
@@ -131,13 +125,9 @@ def test_dependency_constraints_file(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
         textwrap.dedent(
             """
             pip=={pip}
-            setuptools=={setuptools}
-            wheel=={wheel}
-            virtualenv=={virtualenv}
+            delocate=={delocate}
             importlib-metadata<3,>=0.12; python_version < "3.8"
-            """.format(
-                **tool_versions
-            )
+            """.format(**tool_versions)
         )
     )
 
@@ -155,11 +145,12 @@ def test_dependency_constraints_file(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
         add_env={
             "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT": cibw_environment_option,
             "CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS": str(constraints_file),
+            "CIBW_SKIP": "cp36-*",
             **build_frontend_env,
         },
     )
 
     # also check that we got the right wheels
-    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0")
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0") if "-cp36" not in w]
 
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)

test/test_emulation.py

@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@ from . import test_projects, utils
 
 project_with_a_test = test_projects.new_c_project()
 
-project_with_a_test.files[
-    "test/spam_test.py"
-] = r"""
+project_with_a_test.files["test/spam_test.py"] = r"""
 import spam
 
 def test_spam():