Bump version: v1.4.0

Fix #323
Update dependencies (#332 )
2020-05-02 17:55:50 +01:00 · 2020-05-02 16:57:28 +01:00 · 2020-05-02 16:37:38 +01:00 · 2020-05-02 09:58:48 +01:00 · 2020-04-28 19:05:28 +01:00 · 2020-04-25 16:14:31 +02:00
94 changed files with 25932 additions and 997 deletions
@@ -1,11 +1,24 @@
 version: 2

 jobs:
-  osx-python2:
+  flake8:
+    docker:
+      - image: circleci/python:3.6
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+
+      - run:
+          name: Install flake8
+          command: sudo python -m pip install flake8
+      - run:
+          name: Test.
+          command: flake8 .
+
+  osx-python3.6:
    macos:
-      xcode: "10.0.0"
+      xcode: "9.4.1"
    environment:
-      PYTHON: python2
+      PYTHON: python3
    steps:
      - checkout

@@ -15,8 +28,9 @@ jobs:
      - run:
          name: Test.
          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
+          no_output_timeout: 30m

-  osx-python3:
+  osx-python3.7:
    macos:
      xcode: "10.0.0"
    environment:
@@ -30,24 +44,9 @@ jobs:
      - run:
          name: Test.
          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
+          no_output_timeout: 30m

-  linux-python2:
-    docker:
-      - image: circleci/python:2.7
-    environment:
-      PYTHON: python2
-    steps:
-      - checkout
-      - setup_remote_docker
-
-      - run:
-          name: Prepare the environment.
-          command: bash .circleci/prepare.sh
-      - run:
-          name: Test.
-          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
-
-  linux-python3:
+  linux-python3.6:
    docker:
      - image: circleci/python:3.6
    environment:
@@ -62,12 +61,13 @@ jobs:
      - run:
          name: Test.
          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
+          no_output_timeout: 30m

 workflows:
  version: 2
  all-tests:
    jobs:
-      - osx-python2
-      - osx-python3
-      - linux-python2
-      - linux-python3
+      - flake8
+      - osx-python3.6
+      - osx-python3.7
+      - linux-python3.6
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# http://editorconfig.org
+root = true
+
+[*]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 2
+end_of_line = lf
+charset = utf-8
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
+
+# Use 4 spaces the Python files
+[*.py]
+indent_size = 4
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+name: Test
+
+on:
+  push: {}
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - 'docs/**'
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    # skip branch builds on joerick/cibuildwheel, but always build `master` and pull requests
+    if: github.repository != 'joerick/cibuildwheel' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+
+    name: Test cibuildwheel on ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-18.04, windows-latest, macos-latest]
+        python_version: ['3.7']
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+      name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
+    - name: Install Visual C++ for Python 2.7
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'windows')
+      run: |
+        choco install vcpython27 -f -y
+    - name: Test cibuildwheel
+      run: |
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py
@@ -86,9 +86,13 @@ celerybeat-schedule
 .venv
 venv/
 venv3/
+venv2/
 ENV/
 env/
+env2/
+env2?/
 env3/
+env3?/

 # Spyder project settings
 .spyderproject
@@ -1,33 +1,54 @@
-language: generic
+language: minimal

-matrix:
+branches:
+  only:
+  - master
+
+jobs:
  include:
-    # Linux Python 2
-    - sudo: required
-      language: python
-      python: 2.7
-      services: docker
-      env: PYTHON=python
-
-    # Linux Python 3
-    - sudo: required
+    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.5
      language: python
      python: 3.5
      services: docker
      env: PYTHON=python

-    # macOS Python 3
-    - os: osx
+    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.5
+      language: python
+      python: 3.5
+      services: docker
+      arch: arm64
+      env: PYTHON=python
+
+    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.5
+      language: python
+      python: 3.5
+      services: docker
+      arch: ppc64le
+      env: PYTHON=python
+
+    - name: macOS | x86_64 | Python 3.x
+      os: osx
      env: PYTHON=python3

-    - os: windows
+    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.5
+      os: windows
      language: shell
      before_install:
-       - choco install python3 --version 3.6.8 --no-progress -y
-      install:
-       - C:\\Python36\\python -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
-      script:
-       - C:\\Python36\\python ./bin/run_tests.py
+       - choco install python3 --version 3.5.4 --no-progress -y
+      env:
+        - PYTHON=C:\\Python35\\python
+
+    - &linux_s390x_35
+      name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.5
+      language: python
+      python: 3.5
+      services: docker
+      arch: s390x
+      env: PYTHON=python
+
+  allow_failures:
+    # must repeat the s390x job above exactly to match
+    - *linux_s390x_35

 install: $PYTHON -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This is a summary of the Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
+
+|          | 3.5              | 3.6              | 3.7                                               | 3.8              |
+|----------|------------------|------------------|---------------------------------------------------|------------------|
+| Linux    | Travis CI        | CircleCI         | AppVeyor / GitHub Actions                         | Azure Pipelines  |
+| macOS    | Azure Pipelines  | CircleCI         | AppVeyor / Travis CI¹ / CircleCI / GitHub Actions | Azure Pipelines  |
+| Windows  | TravisCI         | Azure Pipelines  | AppVeyor / GitHub Actions                         | Azure Pipelines  |
+
+> ¹ Python version not really pinned, but dependent on the (default) version of image used.
+
+Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.5.
@@ -22,3 +22,7 @@ SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
 CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+Get-pip and Pip (bundled in cibuildwheel/resources) are licensed under the MIT
+license. See https://github.com/pypa/get-pip/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 cibuildwheel
 ============

-[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/cibuildwheel.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cibuildwheel) [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/joerick/cibuildwheel.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/joerick/cibuildwheel) [![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/wbsgxshp05tt1tif/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/joerick/cibuildwheel/branch/master) [![CircleCI](https://circleci.com/gh/joerick/cibuildwheel.svg?style=svg)](https://circleci.com/gh/joerick/cibuildwheel)
+[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/cibuildwheel.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cibuildwheel) [![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/cibuildwheel/badge/?version=stable)](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/?badge=stable) [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/joerick/cibuildwheel.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/joerick/cibuildwheel) [![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/wbsgxshp05tt1tif/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/joerick/cibuildwheel/branch/master) [![CircleCI](https://circleci.com/gh/joerick/cibuildwheel.svg?style=svg)](https://circleci.com/gh/joerick/cibuildwheel) [![Build Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/joerick.cibuildwheel?branchName=master)](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=2&branchName=master)

 [Documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.org)

@@ -9,36 +9,40 @@ cibuildwheel

 Python wheels are great. Building them across **Mac, Linux, Windows**, on **multiple versions of Python**, is not.

-`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, and CircleCI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.
+`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, GitHub Actions and CircleCI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.


 What does it do?
 ----------------

-|   | macOS 10.6+ intel | macOS 10.9+ x86_64 | manylinux i686 | manylinux x86_64 |  Windows 32bit | Windows 64bit |
-|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-| Python 2.7 | ✅ |    | ✅ | ✅ | ✅¹ | ✅¹ |
-| Python 3.5 | ✅ |    | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| Python 3.6 | ✅ |    | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| Python 3.7 | ✅ |    | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
-| Python 3.8 |    | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
+|   | macOS x86_64 | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | manylinux x86_64 | manylinux i686 | manylinux aarch64 | manylinux ppc64le | manylinux s390x |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| CPython 2.7     | ✅ | ✅¹ | ✅¹ | ✅ | ✅ |     |     |     |
+| CPython 3.5     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² |
+| CPython 3.6     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² |
+| CPython 3.7     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² |
+| CPython 3.8     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² |
+| PyPy 2.7 v7.3.0 | ✅ |     | ✅  | ✅ |    |     |     |     |
+| PyPy 3.6 v7.3.0 | ✅ |     | ✅  | ✅ |    |     |     |     |

-> ¹ Not supported on Travis
+<sup>¹ Not supported on Travis</sup><br>
+<sup>² Beta support until Travis CI fixes <a href="https://travis-ci.community/t/no-space-left-on-device-for-system-z/5954/11">a bug</a></sup>

- Builds manylinux, macOS and Windows (32 and 64bit) wheels using Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, and CircleCI
+- Builds manylinux, macOS and Windows wheels for CPython and PyPy using Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, and CircleCI
 - Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS through [auditwheel](https://github.com/pypa/auditwheel) and [delocate](https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
 - Runs the library test suite against the wheel-installed version of your library

 Usage
 -----

-`cibuildwheel` currently works on **Travis CI** and **Azure Pipelines** to build wheels for all three supported platforms (Linux, macOS, Windows). On **CircleCI** Linux and macOS wheels can be built, and on **AppVeyor** Windows is supported.
+`cibuildwheel` currently works on **Travis CI**, **Azure Pipelines**, **AppVeyor** and **GitHub Actions** to build wheels for all three supported platforms (Linux, macOS, Windows). On **CircleCI** Linux and macOS wheels can be built.

 |                 | Linux | macOS | Windows |
 |-----------------|-------|-------|---------|
 | Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |
 | Travis CI       | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |
-| AppVeyor        |       |       | ✅      |
+| AppVeyor        | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |
+| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |
 | CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         |

 `cibuildwheel` is not intended to run on your development machine. Because it uses system Python from Python.org it will try to install packages globally - not what you expect from a build tool! Instead, isolated CI services like Travis CI, CircleCI, Azure Pipelines and AppVeyor are ideal.
@@ -48,43 +52,47 @@ Usage
 Example setup
 -------------

-To build manylinux and macOS wheels on Travis CI, and upload them to PyPI whenever you tag a version, you could use this `.travis.yml`:
+To build manylinux, macOS, and Windows wheels on Travis CI and upload them to PyPI whenever you tag a version, you could use this `.travis.yml`:

 ```yaml
 language: python

-matrix:
+jobs:
  include:
    # perform a linux build
-    - sudo: required
-      services:
-        - docker
-      env: PIP=pip
+    - services: docker
    # and a mac build
    - os: osx
-      language: generic
-      env: PIP=pip2
+      language: shell
+    # and a windows build
+    - os: windows
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - choco install python --version 3.8.0
+        - export PATH="/c/Python38:/c/Python38/Scripts:$PATH"

 env:
  global:
-    - TWINE_USERNAME=joerick
-      # Note: TWINE_PASSWORD is set in Travis settings
+    - TWINE_USERNAME=__token__
+    # Note: TWINE_PASSWORD is set to a PyPI API token in Travis settings
+
+install:
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.4.0

 script:
-  - $PIP install cibuildwheel==1.0.0
-
  # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'
-  - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+  - python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse

+after_success:
  # if the release was tagged, upload them to PyPI
  - |
    if [[ $TRAVIS_TAG ]]; then
-      python -m pip install twine
-      python -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
+      python3 -m pip install twine
+      python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
    fi
 ```

-For more information, including how to build on Appveyor, Azure, CircleCI, check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.org).
+For more information, including how to build on Appveyor, Azure, CircleCI, check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.org) and also check out [the examples](https://github.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/tree/master/examples).

 Options
 -------
@@ -95,11 +103,13 @@ Options
 |   | [`CIBW_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)  [`CIBW_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip)  | Choose the Python versions to build |
 | **Build environment** | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#environment)  | Set environment variables needed during the build |
 |   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-build)  | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
-|   | [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image)  [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image)  | Specify alternative manylinux docker images |
-| **Testing** | [`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-command)  | Execute a shell command to test all built wheels |
+|   | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command)  | Execute a shell command to repair each (non-pure Python) built wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image)  [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image)  [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image)  | Specify alternative manylinux docker images |
+| **Testing** | [`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-command)  | Execute a shell command to test each built wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_TEST`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-test)  | Execute shell command to prepare test environment |
 |   | [`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires)  | Install Python dependencies before running the tests |
 |   | [`CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-extras)  | Install your wheel for testing using extras_require |
-| **Other** | [`CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-extras)  | Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel |
+| **Other** | [`CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#build-verbosity)  | Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel |

 Working examples
 ----------------
@@ -116,13 +126,15 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 - [apriltags2-ethz](https://github.com/safijari/apriltags2_ethz)
 - [TgCrypto](https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto)
 - [Twisted](https://github.com/twisted/twisted)
+- [gmic-py](https://github.com/dtschump/gmic-py)
+- [creme](https://github.com/creme-ml/creme)

 > Add your repo here! Send a PR.

 Legal note
 ----------

-Since `cibuildwheel` runs the wheel through delocate or auditwheel, it might automatically bundle dynamically linked libraries from the build machine.
+Since `cibuildwheel` repairs the wheel with `delocate` or `auditwheel`, it might automatically bundle dynamically linked libraries from the build machine.

 It helps ensure that the library can run without any dependencies outside of the pip toolchain.

@@ -131,6 +143,102 @@ This is similar to static linking, so it might have some licence implications. C
 Changelog
 =========

+### 1.4.0
+
+_2 May 2020_
+
+- ✨ Deterministic builds. cibuildwheel now locks the versions of the tools it
+  uses. This means that pinning your version of cibuildwheel pins the versions
+  of pip, setuptools, manylinux etc. that are used under the hood. This should
+  make things more reliable. But note that we don't control the entire build
+  environment on macOS and Windows, where the version of Xcode and Visual
+  Studio can still effect things.
+
+  This can be controlled using the [CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)
+  and [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image)
+  options - if you always want to use the latest toolchain, you can still do
+  that, or you can specify your own pip constraints file and manylinux image.
+  (#256)
+- ✨ Added `package_dir` command line option, meaning we now support building
+  a package that lives in a subdirectory and pulls in files from the wider
+  project. See [the `package_dir` option help](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line-options)
+  for more information.
+
+  Note that this change makes the working directory (where you call
+  cibuildwheel from) relevant on Linux, as it's considered the 'project' and
+  will be copied into the Docker container. If your builds are slower on this
+  version, that's likely the reason. `cd` to your project and then call
+  `cibuildwheel` from there. (#319, #295)
+- 🛠 On macOS, we make `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` default to `10.9` if it's
+  not set. This should make things more consistent between Python versions.
+- 🛠 Dependency updates - CPython 3.7.7, CPython 2.7.18, Pypy 7.3.1.
+
+### 1.3.0
+
+_12 March 2020_
+
+- ✨ Add support for building on Github Actions! Check out the
+  [docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#github-actions)
+  for information on how to set it up. (#194)
+- ✨ Add the `CIBW_BEFORE_TEST` option, which lets you run a command to
+  prepare the environment before your tests are run. (#242)
+
+### 1.2.0
+
+_8 March 2020_
+
+- ✨ Add support for building PyPy wheels, across Manylinux, macOS, and
+  Windows. (#185)
+- ✨ Added the ability to build ARM64 (aarch64), ppc64le, and s390x wheels,
+  using manylinux2014 and Travis CI. (#273)
+- ✨ You can now build macOS wheels on Appveyor. (#230)
+- 🛠 Changed default macOS minimum target to 10.9, from 10.6. This allows the
+  use of more modern C++ libraries, among other things. (#156)
+- 🛠 Stop building universal binaries on macOS. We now only build x86_64
+  wheels on macOS. (#220)
+- ✨ Allow chaining of commands using `&&` and `||` on Windows inside
+  CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD and CIBW_TEST_COMMAND. (#293)
+- 🛠 Improved error reporting for failed Cython builds due to stale .so files
+  (#263)
+- 🛠 Update CPython from 3.7.5 to 3.7.6 and from 3.8.0 to 3.8.2 on Mac/Windows
+- 🛠 Improved error messages when a bad config breaks cibuildwheel's PATH
+  variable. (#264)
+- ⚠️ Removed support for *running* cibuildwheel on Python 2.7. cibuildwheel
+  will continue to build Python 2.7 wheels for a little while. (#265)
+
+### 1.1.0
+
+_7 December 2019_
+
+- ✨ Add support for building manylinux2014 wheels. To use, set
+  `CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE` and CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE to
+  `manylinux2014`.
+- ✨ Add support for [Linux on Appveyor](https://www.appveyor.com/blog/2018/03/06/appveyor-for-linux/) (#204, #207)
+- ✨ Add `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND` env variable, for changing how
+  `auditwheel` or `delocate` are invoked, or testing an equivalent on
+  Windows. (#211)
+- 📚 Added some travis example configs - these are available in /examples. (#228)
+
+### 1.0.0
+
+_10 November 2019_
+
+- ✨ Add support for building Python 3.8 wheels! (#180)
+- ✨ Add support for building manylinux2010 wheels. cibuildwheel will now
+  build using the manylinux2010 images by default. If your project is still
+  manylinux1 compatible, you should get both manylinux1 and manylinux2010
+  wheels - you can upload both to PyPI. If you always require manylinux1 wheels, you can
+  build using the old manylinux1 image using the [manylinux image](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#manylinux-image) option.
+  (#155)
+- 📚 Documentation is now on its [own mini-site](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io),
+   rather than on the README (#169)
+- ✨ Add support for building Windows wheels on Travis CI. (#160)
+- 🛠 If you set `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`, your tests now run in a virtualenv. (#164)
+- 🛠 Windows now uses Python as installed by nuget, rather than the versions
+  installed by the various CI providers. (#180)
+- 🛠 Update Python from 2.7.16 to 2.7.17 and 3.7.4 to 3.7.5 on macOS (#171)
+- ⚠️ Removed support for Python 3.4 (#168)
+
 ### 0.12.0

 _29 September 2019_
@@ -312,7 +420,6 @@ Maintainers
 -----------

 - Joe Rickerby [@joerick](https://github.com/joerick)
- Tomas Garcia [@tgarc](https://github.com/tgarc)
 - Yannick Jadoul [@YannickJadoul](https://github.com/YannickJadoul)
 - Matthieu Darbois [@mayeut](https://github.com/mayeut)

@@ -1,10 +1,37 @@
 environment:
+  # workaround an appveyor bug on macos 
+  # see https://github.com/appveyor/ci/issues/3376#issuecomment-611314299
+  APPVEYOR_CONSOLE_DISABLE_PTY: true
  matrix:
-    - PYTHON: "C:\\Python27\\python.exe"
-    - PYTHON: "C:\\Python35\\python.exe"
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Ubuntu
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python37-x64-ubuntu"
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python37-x64-vs2015"
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: macos-mojave
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python37-x64-macos-mojave"

-build_script:
-  - "%PYTHON% -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt"
-  # the '-u' flag is required so the output is in the correct order. 
-  # See https://github.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/pull/24 for more info.
-  - "%PYTHON% -u ./bin/run_tests.py"
+stack: python 3.7
+
+build: off
+
+init:
+- cmd: set PATH=C:\Python37;C:\Python37\Scripts;%PATH%
+- ps: |
+      $BRANCH = if ($env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_HEAD_REPO_BRANCH) { $env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_HEAD_REPO_BRANCH } else { $env:APPVEYOR_REPO_BRANCH }
+      if (-not ($BRANCH -eq 'master' -or $BRANCH.ToLower().StartsWith('appveyor-'))) {
+        $env:PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "unit_test or _basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code'
+      }
+
+install: python -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt pytest-custom-exit-code
+
+# the '-u' flag is required so the output is in the correct order.
+# See https://github.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/pull/24 for more info.
+test_script: python -u ./bin/run_tests.py
+
+branches:
+  only:
+    - master
+
+skip_commits:
+  files:
+    - docs/*
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 jobs:
- job: linux
+- job: linux_38
  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-18.04'}
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
@@ -9,8 +9,18 @@ jobs:
        python -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
        python ./bin/run_tests.py

- job: macos
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-10.13'}
+- job: macos_35
+  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-10.15'}
+  steps:
+    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
+      inputs:
+        versionSpec: '3.5'
+    - bash: |
+        python -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py
+
+- job: macos_38
+  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-10.15'}
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
      inputs:
@@ -19,7 +29,19 @@ jobs:
        python -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
        python ./bin/run_tests.py

- job: windows
+- job: windows_36
+  pool: {vmImage: 'vs2017-win2016'}
+  steps:
+    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
+      inputs:
+        versionSpec: '3.6'
+    - script: choco install vcpython27 -f -y
+      displayName: Install Visual C++ for Python 2.7
+    - bash: |
+        python -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py
+
+- job: windows_38
  pool: {vmImage: 'vs2017-win2016'}
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import click
+from pathlib import Path
+import os
+import cibuildwheel
+from packaging.version import Version, InvalidVersion
+import subprocess
+import glob
+
+config = [
+    # file path, version find/replace format
+    ('cibuildwheel/__init__.py', "__version__ = '{}'"),
+    ('setup.py', "version='{}'"),
+    ('README.md', "cibuildwheel=={}"),
+    ('examples/*', "cibuildwheel=={}"),
+]
+
+
+@click.command()
+def bump_version():
+    git_changes_result = subprocess.run(['git diff-index --quiet HEAD --'], shell=True)
+    repo_has_uncommitted_changes = git_changes_result.returncode != 0
+
+    if repo_has_uncommitted_changes:
+        print('error: Uncommitted changes detected.')
+        exit(1)
+
+    current_version = cibuildwheel.__version__
+    print(              'Current version:', current_version)  # noqa
+    new_version = input('    New version: ').strip()
+
+    try:
+        Version(new_version)
+    except InvalidVersion:
+        print("error: This version doesn't conform to PEP440")
+        print('       https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0440/')
+        exit(1)
+
+    actions = []
+
+    for path_pattern, version_pattern in config:
+        paths = [Path(p) for p in glob.glob(path_pattern)]
+
+        if not paths:
+            print(f'error: Pattern {path_pattern} didn’t match any files')
+            exit(1)
+
+        find_pattern = version_pattern.format(current_version)
+        replace_pattern = version_pattern.format(new_version)
+        found_at_least_one_file_needing_update = False
+
+        for path in paths:
+            contents = path.read_text(encoding='utf8')
+            if find_pattern in contents:
+                found_at_least_one_file_needing_update = True
+                actions.append(
+                    (path, find_pattern, replace_pattern)
+                )
+
+        if not found_at_least_one_file_needing_update:
+            print('error: Didn’t find any occurences of “{}” in “{}”'.format(find_pattern, path_pattern))
+            exit(1)
+
+    print()
+    print("Here's the plan:")
+    print()
+
+    for action in actions:
+        print('{}  {red}{}{off} → {green}{}{off}'.format(
+            *action,
+            red="\u001b[31m", green="\u001b[32m", off="\u001b[0m"
+        ))
+
+    print('Then commit, and tag as v{}'.format(new_version))
+
+    answer = input('Proceed? [y/N] ').strip()
+
+    if answer != 'y':
+        print('Aborted')
+        exit(1)
+
+    for path, find, replace in actions:
+        contents = path.read_text(encoding='utf8')
+        contents = contents.replace(find, replace)
+        path.write_text(contents, encoding='utf8')
+
+    print('Files updated. If you want to update the changelog as part of this')
+    print('commit, do that now.')
+
+    while input('Type "done" to continue: ').strip().lower() != 'done':
+        pass
+
+    subprocess.run([
+        'git', 'commit',
+        '-a',
+        '-m', f'Bump version: v{new_version}'
+    ], check=True)
+
+    subprocess.run([
+        'git', 'tag',
+        '-a',
+        '-m', f'v{new_version}',
+        f'v{new_version}'
+    ], check=True)
+
+    print('Done.')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    os.chdir(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+    os.chdir('..')
+    bump_version()
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import os
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from subprocess import run
+
+import click
+import textwrap
+
+
+def shell(cmd, **kwargs):
+    return run([cmd], shell=True, **kwargs)
+
+
+def git_repo_has_changes():
+    unstaged_changes = shell('git diff-index --quiet HEAD --').returncode != 0
+    staged_changes = shell('git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --').returncode != 0
+    return unstaged_changes or staged_changes
+
+
+@click.command()
+def main():
+    project_root = Path(__file__).parent / '..'
+    os.chdir(project_root)
+
+    if git_repo_has_changes():
+        print('Your git repo has uncommitted changes. Commit or stash before continuing.')
+        exit(1)
+
+    previous_branch = shell('git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD',
+                            check=True,
+                            capture_output=True,
+                            encoding='utf8').stdout.strip()
+
+    shell('git fetch origin', check=True)
+
+    timestamp = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H-%M-%S', time.gmtime())
+    branch_name = f'update-constraints-{timestamp}'
+
+    shell(f'git checkout -b {branch_name} origin/master', check=True)
+
+    try:
+        shell('bin/update_dependencies.py', check=True)
+
+        if not git_repo_has_changes():
+            print('Done: no constraint updates required.')
+            return
+
+        shell('git commit -a -m "Update dependencies"', check=True)
+        run(
+            [
+                'gh', 'pr', 'create',
+                '--repo', 'joerick/cibuildwheel',
+                '--base', 'master',
+                '--title', 'Update dependencies',
+                '--body', textwrap.dedent(f'''
+                    Update the versions of our dependencies.
+
+                    PR generated by `{os.path.basename(__file__)}`.
+                ''')
+            ],
+            check=True
+        )
+
+        print('Done.')
+    finally:
+        # remove any local changes
+        shell('git checkout -- .')
+        shell(f'git checkout {previous_branch}', check=True)
+        shell(f'git branch -D --force {branch_name}', check=True)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main.main(standalone_mode=True)
@@ -1,39 +1,25 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3

-from __future__ import print_function
-import os, sys, subprocess, shutil
+import argparse
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys

-project_root = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
-test_utils_dir = os.path.join(project_root, 'test', 'shared')

 def single_run(test_project):
-    # set up an environment that gives access to the test utils
-    env = os.environ.copy()
-
-    if 'PYTHONPATH' in env:
-        env['PYTHONPATH'] += os.pathsep + test_utils_dir
-    else:
-        env['PYTHONPATH'] = test_utils_dir
-
    # run the test
    subprocess.check_call(
        [sys.executable, '-m', 'pytest', '-vv', os.path.join(test_project, 'cibuildwheel_test.py')],
-        env=env,
    )

-    # clean up
-    if os.path.exists('wheelhouse'):
-        shutil.rmtree('wheelhouse')

 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    import argparse
-
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("test_project_dir")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    project_path = os.path.abspath(args.test_project_dir)
-    
+
    if not os.path.exists(project_path):
        print('No test project not found.', file=sys.stderr)
        exit(2)
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3

-from __future__ import print_function
-import os, sys, subprocess, shutil, json
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
 from glob import glob

 if __name__ == '__main__':
    # move cwd to the project root
    os.chdir(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))

-    ### run the unit tests
+    # run the unit tests

    subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, '-m', 'pytest', 'unit_test'])

-    ### run the integration tests
+    # run the integration tests

    test_projects = sorted(glob('test/??_*'))

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import configparser
+import os
+import subprocess
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+import requests
+
+os.chdir(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+os.chdir('..')
+
+# CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND is a pip-compile option that tells users how to
+# regenerate the constraints files
+os.environ['CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND'] = "bin/update_constraints.py"
+subprocess.check_call([
+    'pip-compile',
+    '--allow-unsafe',
+    '--upgrade',
+    'cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in',
+])
+for python_version in ['27', '35', '36']:
+    subprocess.check_call([
+        f'./env{python_version}/bin/pip-compile',
+        '--allow-unsafe',
+        '--upgrade',
+        'cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in',
+        '--output-file', f'cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python{python_version}.txt'
+    ])
+
+Image = namedtuple('Image', [
+    'manylinux_version',
+    'platform',
+    'image_name',
+])
+
+images = [
+    Image('manylinux1', 'x86_64', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64'),
+    Image('manylinux1', 'i686', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686'),
+
+    Image('manylinux2010', 'x86_64', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64'),
+    Image('manylinux2010', 'i686', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686'),
+    Image('manylinux2010', 'pypy_x86_64', 'pypywheels/manylinux2010-pypy_x86_64'),
+
+    Image('manylinux2014', 'x86_64', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64'),
+    Image('manylinux2014', 'i686', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686'),
+    Image('manylinux2014', 'aarch64', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64'),
+    Image('manylinux2014', 'ppc64le', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le'),
+    Image('manylinux2014', 's390x', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x'),
+]
+
+config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+
+for image in images:
+    # get the tag name whose digest matches 'latest'
+    if image.image_name.startswith('quay.io/'):
+        _, _, repository_name = image.image_name.partition('/')
+        response = requests.get(
+            f'https://quay.io/api/v1/repository/{repository_name}?includeTags=true'
+        )
+        response.raise_for_status()
+        repo_info = response.json()
+        tags_dict = repo_info['tags']
+
+        latest_tag = tags_dict.pop('latest')
+        # find the tag whose manifest matches 'latest'
+        tag_name = next(
+            name
+            for (name, info) in tags_dict.items()
+            if info['manifest_digest'] == latest_tag['manifest_digest']
+        )
+    else:
+        response = requests.get(
+            f'https://hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/{image.image_name}/tags'
+        )
+        response.raise_for_status()
+        tags = response.json()['results']
+
+        latest_tag = next(
+            tag for tag in tags if tag['name'] == 'latest'
+        )
+        # i don't know what it would mean to have multiple images per tag
+        assert len(latest_tag['images']) == 1
+        digest = latest_tag['images'][0]['digest']
+
+        pinned_tag = next(
+            tag
+            for tag in tags
+            if tag != latest_tag and tag['images'][0]['digest'] == digest
+        )
+        tag_name = pinned_tag['name']
+
+    if not config.has_section(image.platform):
+        config[image.platform] = {}
+
+    config[image.platform][image.manylinux_version] = f'{image.image_name}:{tag_name}'
+
+with open('cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg', 'w') as f:
+    config.write(f)
@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = '1.0.0'
+__version__ = '1.4.0'
@@ -1,10 +1,25 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-import argparse, os, subprocess, sys, textwrap
+import argparse
+import os
+import sys
+import textwrap
+import traceback
+from configparser import ConfigParser

 import cibuildwheel
-import cibuildwheel.linux, cibuildwheel.windows, cibuildwheel.macos
-from cibuildwheel.environment import parse_environment, EnvironmentParseError
-from cibuildwheel.util import BuildSelector, Unbuffered
+import cibuildwheel.linux
+import cibuildwheel.macos
+import cibuildwheel.windows
+from cibuildwheel.environment import (
+    EnvironmentParseError,
+    parse_environment,
+)
+from cibuildwheel.util import (
+    BuildSelector,
+    DependencyConstraints,
+    Unbuffered,
+    BuildOptions
+)
+

 def get_option_from_environment(option_name, platform=None, default=None):
    '''
@@ -24,29 +39,43 @@ def get_option_from_environment(option_name, platform=None, default=None):
    return os.environ.get(option_name, default)


+def strtobool(val):
+    if val.lower() in ('y', 'yes', 't', 'true', 'on', '1'):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
 def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description='Build wheels for all the platforms.',
-        epilog=('Most options are supplied via environment variables. '
-                'See https://github.com/joerick/cibuildwheel#options for info.'))
+        epilog='''
+            Most options are supplied via environment variables.
+            See https://github.com/joerick/cibuildwheel#options for info.
+        ''')

    parser.add_argument('--platform',
                        choices=['auto', 'linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
                        default=os.environ.get('CIBW_PLATFORM', 'auto'),
-                        help=('Platform to build for. For "linux" you need docker running, on Mac '
-                              'or Linux. For "macos", you need a Mac machine, and note that this '
-                              'script is going to automatically install MacPython on your system, '
-                              'so don\'t run on your development machine. For "windows", you need to '
-                              'run in Windows, and it will build and test for all versions of '
-                              'Python at C:\\PythonXX[-x64]. Default: auto.'))
+                        help='''
+                            Platform to build for. For "linux" you need docker running, on Mac
+                            or Linux. For "macos", you need a Mac machine, and note that this
+                            script is going to automatically install MacPython on your system,
+                            so don't run on your development machine. For "windows", you need to
+                            run in Windows, and it will build and test for all versions of
+                            Python. Default: auto.
+                        ''')
    parser.add_argument('--output-dir',
                        default=os.environ.get('CIBW_OUTPUT_DIR', 'wheelhouse'),
                        help='Destination folder for the wheels.')
-    parser.add_argument('project_dir',
+    parser.add_argument('package_dir',
                        default='.',
                        nargs='?',
-                        help=('Path to the project that you want wheels for. Default: the current '
-                              'directory.'))
+                        help='''
+                            Path to the package that you want wheels for. Must be a subdirectory of
+                            the working directory. When set, the working directory is still
+                            considered the 'project' and is copied into the Docker container on
+                            Linux. Default: the working directory.
+                        ''')

    parser.add_argument('--print-build-identifiers',
                        action='store_true',
@@ -59,36 +88,23 @@ def main():
    if args.platform != 'auto':
        platform = args.platform
    else:
-        platform = None
-
-        if os.environ.get('TRAVIS_OS_NAME') == 'linux':
-            platform = 'linux'
-        elif os.environ.get('TRAVIS_OS_NAME') == 'osx':
-            platform = 'macos'
-        elif os.environ.get('TRAVIS_OS_NAME') == 'windows':
-            platform = 'windows'
-        elif 'APPVEYOR' in os.environ:
-            platform = 'windows'
-        elif 'BITRISE_BUILD_NUMBER' in os.environ:
-            platform = 'macos'
-        elif os.environ.get('CIRCLECI'):
-            if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
-                platform = 'linux'
-            elif sys.platform.startswith('darwin'):
-                platform = 'macos'
-        elif 'AZURE_HTTP_USER_AGENT' in os.environ:
-            if os.environ['AGENT_OS'] == 'Linux':
-                platform = 'linux'
-            elif os.environ['AGENT_OS'] == 'Darwin':
-                platform = 'macos'
-            elif os.environ['AGENT_OS'] == 'Windows_NT':
-                platform = 'windows'
-
-        if platform is None:
+        ci = strtobool(os.environ.get('CI', 'false')) or 'BITRISE_BUILD_NUMBER' in os.environ or 'AZURE_HTTP_USER_AGENT' in os.environ or 'GITHUB_WORKFLOW' in os.environ
+        if not ci:
            print('cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform. cibuildwheel should run on your CI server, '
-                  'Travis CI, AppVeyor, and CircleCI are supported. You can run on your development '
-                  'machine using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more '
-                  'information.',
+                  'Travis CI, AppVeyor, Azure Pipelines, GitHub Actions and CircleCI are supported. You '
+                  'can run on your development machine or other CI providers using the --platform argument. '
+                  'Check --help output for more information.',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            exit(2)
+        if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+            platform = 'linux'
+        elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
+            platform = 'macos'
+        elif sys.platform == 'win32':
+            platform = 'windows'
+        else:
+            print('cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform from "sys.platform" in a CI environment. You can run '
+                  'cibuildwheel using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information.',
                  file=sys.stderr)
            exit(2)

@@ -96,11 +112,27 @@ def main():
    test_command = get_option_from_environment('CIBW_TEST_COMMAND', platform=platform)
    test_requires = get_option_from_environment('CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES', platform=platform, default='').split()
    test_extras = get_option_from_environment('CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS', platform=platform, default='')
-    project_dir = args.project_dir
+    package_dir = args.package_dir
    before_build = get_option_from_environment('CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD', platform=platform)
    build_verbosity = get_option_from_environment('CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY', platform=platform, default='')
    build_config, skip_config = os.environ.get('CIBW_BUILD', '*'), os.environ.get('CIBW_SKIP', '')
+    if platform == 'linux':
+        repair_command_default = 'auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'
+    elif platform == 'macos':
+        repair_command_default = 'delocate-listdeps {wheel} && delocate-wheel --require-archs x86_64 -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'
+    else:
+        repair_command_default = ''
+    repair_command = get_option_from_environment('CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND', platform=platform, default=repair_command_default)
    environment_config = get_option_from_environment('CIBW_ENVIRONMENT', platform=platform, default='')
+    before_test = get_option_from_environment('CIBW_BEFORE_TEST', platform=platform, default='')
+
+    dependency_versions = get_option_from_environment('CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS', platform=platform, default='pinned')
+    if dependency_versions == 'pinned':
+        dependency_constraints = DependencyConstraints.with_defaults()
+    elif dependency_versions == 'latest':
+        dependency_constraints = None
+    else:
+        dependency_constraints = DependencyConstraints(dependency_versions)

    if test_extras:
        test_extras = '[{0}]'.format(test_extras)
@@ -112,9 +144,8 @@ def main():

    try:
        environment = parse_environment(environment_config)
-    except (EnvironmentParseError, ValueError) as e:
+    except (EnvironmentParseError, ValueError):
        print('cibuildwheel: Malformed environment option "%s"' % environment_config, file=sys.stderr)
-        import traceback
        traceback.print_exc(None, sys.stderr)
        exit(2)

@@ -124,16 +155,49 @@ def main():
    # This needs to be passed on to the docker container in linux.py
    os.environ['CIBUILDWHEEL'] = '1'

-    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(project_dir, 'setup.py')):
-        print('cibuildwheel: Could not find setup.py at root of project', file=sys.stderr)
+    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(package_dir, 'setup.py')):
+        print('cibuildwheel: Could not find setup.py at root of package', file=sys.stderr)
        exit(2)

    if args.print_build_identifiers:
        print_build_identifiers(platform, build_selector)
        exit(0)

-    build_options = dict(
-        project_dir=project_dir,
+    if platform == 'linux':
+        pinned_docker_images_file = os.path.join(
+            os.path.dirname(__file__), 'resources', 'pinned_docker_images.cfg'
+        )
+        all_pinned_docker_images = ConfigParser()
+        all_pinned_docker_images.read(pinned_docker_images_file)
+        # all_pinned_docker_images looks like a dict of dicts, e.g.
+        # { 'x86_64': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
+        #   'i686': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
+        #   'pypy_x86_64': {'manylinux2010': '...' }
+        #   ... }
+
+        manylinux_images = {}
+
+        for build_platform in ['x86_64', 'i686', 'pypy_x86_64', 'aarch64', 'ppc64le', 's390x']:
+            pinned_images = all_pinned_docker_images[build_platform]
+
+            config_name = 'CIBW_MANYLINUX_{}_IMAGE'.format(build_platform.upper())
+            config_value = os.environ.get(config_name)
+
+            if config_value is None:
+                # default to manylinux2010 if it's available, otherwise manylinux2014
+                image = pinned_images.get('manylinux2010') or pinned_images.get('manylinux2014')
+            elif config_value in pinned_images:
+                image = pinned_images[config_value]
+            else:
+                image = config_value
+
+            manylinux_images[build_platform] = image
+
+    else:
+        manylinux_images = None
+
+    build_options = BuildOptions(
+        package_dir=package_dir,
        output_dir=output_dir,
        test_command=test_command,
        test_requires=test_requires,
@@ -141,27 +205,13 @@ def main():
        before_build=before_build,
        build_verbosity=build_verbosity,
        build_selector=build_selector,
+        repair_command=repair_command,
        environment=environment,
+        before_test=before_test,
+        dependency_constraints=dependency_constraints,
+        manylinux_images=manylinux_images,
    )

-    if platform == 'linux':
-        manylinux_x86_64_image = os.environ.get('CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE', 'manylinux2010')
-        manylinux_i686_image = os.environ.get('CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE', 'manylinux2010')
-
-        default_manylinux_images_x86_64 = {'manylinux1': 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64',
-                                           'manylinux2010': 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64'}
-        default_manylinux_images_i686 = {'manylinux1': 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686',
-                                         'manylinux2010': 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686'}
-
-        build_options.update(
-            manylinux_images={'x86_64': default_manylinux_images_x86_64.get(manylinux_x86_64_image) or manylinux_x86_64_image,
-                              'i686': default_manylinux_images_i686.get(manylinux_i686_image) or manylinux_i686_image},
-        )
-    elif platform == 'macos':
-        pass
-    elif platform == 'windows':
-        pass
-
    # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to 'print'
    sys.stdout = Unbuffered(sys.stdout)

@@ -171,13 +221,14 @@ def main():
        os.makedirs(output_dir)

    if platform == 'linux':
-        cibuildwheel.linux.build(**build_options)
+        cibuildwheel.linux.build(build_options)
    elif platform == 'windows':
-        cibuildwheel.windows.build(**build_options)
+        cibuildwheel.windows.build(build_options)
    elif platform == 'macos':
-        cibuildwheel.macos.build(**build_options)
+        cibuildwheel.macos.build(build_options)
    else:
-        raise Exception('Unsupported platform')
+        print('cibuildwheel: Unsupported platform: {}'.format(platform), file=sys.stderr)
+        exit(2)


 def detect_obsolete_options():
@@ -193,11 +244,18 @@ def detect_obsolete_options():
                print("Option '{}' is not empty. Please unset '{}'".format(alternative, deprecated))
                exit(2)

-    # Check for 'manylinux1' in the 'CIBW_BUILD' and 'CIBW_SKIP' options
-    for deprecated in ['CIBW_BUILD', 'CIBW_SKIP']:
-        if deprecated in os.environ and 'manylinux1' in os.environ[deprecated]:
-            print("Build identifiers with 'manylinux1' been deprecated. Replacing all occurences of 'manylinux1' by 'manylinux' in the option '{}'".format(deprecated))
-            os.environ[deprecated] = os.environ[deprecated].replace('manylinux1', 'manylinux')
+    # Check for deprecated identifiers in 'CIBW_BUILD' and 'CIBW_SKIP' options
+    for option in ['CIBW_BUILD', 'CIBW_SKIP']:
+        for deprecated, alternative in [('manylinux1', 'manylinux'),
+                                        ('macosx_10_6_intel', 'macosx_x86_64'),
+                                        ('macosx_10_9_x86_64', 'macosx_x86_64')]:
+            if option in os.environ and deprecated in os.environ[option]:
+                print("Build identifiers with '{deprecated}' have been deprecated. Replacing all occurences of '{deprecated}' with '{alternative}' in the option '{option}'".format(
+                    deprecated=deprecated,
+                    alternative=alternative,
+                    option=option,
+                ))
+                os.environ[option] = os.environ[option].replace(deprecated, alternative)


 def print_preamble(platform, build_options):
@@ -210,10 +268,9 @@ def print_preamble(platform, build_options):

    print('cibuildwheel version %s\n' % cibuildwheel.__version__)

-
    print('Build options:')
    print('  platform: %r' % platform)
-    for option, value in sorted(build_options.items()):
+    for option, value in sorted(build_options._asdict().items()):
        print('  %s: %r' % (option, value))

    warnings = detect_warnings(platform, build_options)
@@ -244,7 +301,7 @@ def detect_warnings(platform, build_options):

    # warn about deprecated {python} and {pip}
    for option_name in ['test_command', 'before_build']:
-        option_value = build_options.get(option_name)
+        option_value = getattr(build_options, option_name)

        if option_value:
            if '{python}' in option_value or '{pip}' in option_value:
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-import subprocess, shlex, sys
+import shlex
+import subprocess
 from collections import namedtuple
+
 import bashlex

 NodeExecutionContext = namedtuple('NodeExecutionContext', ['environment', 'input'])

+
 def evaluate(value, environment):
    if not value:
        # empty string evaluates to empty string
@@ -16,9 +19,9 @@ def evaluate(value, environment):
        raise ValueError('"%s" has too many parts' % value)

    value_word_node = command_node.parts[0]
-    
+
    return evaluate_node(
-        value_word_node, 
+        value_word_node,
        context=NodeExecutionContext(environment=environment, input=value)
    )

@@ -60,12 +63,8 @@ def evaluate_word_node(node, context):
 def evaluate_command_node(node, context):
    words = [evaluate_node(part, context=context) for part in node.parts]
    command = ' '.join(words)
-    output = subprocess.check_output(shlex.split(command), env=context.environment)
+    return subprocess.check_output(shlex.split(command), env=context.environment, universal_newlines=True)

-    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
-        return output.decode('utf8', 'replace')
-    else:
-        return output

 def evaluate_parameter_node(node, context):
    return context.environment.get(node.value, '')
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import bashlex
+
 from . import bashlex_eval


@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ def split_env_items(env_string):
    return result


-class EnvironmentAssignment(object):
+class EnvironmentAssignment:
    def __init__(self, assignment):
        name, equals, value = assignment.partition('=')
        if not equals:
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ class EnvironmentAssignment(object):
        return '%s=%s' % (self.name, self.value)


-class ParsedEnvironment(object):
+class ParsedEnvironment:
    def __init__(self, assignments):
        self.assignments = assignments

@@ -1,179 +1,300 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-import os, subprocess, sys, uuid
+import os
+import platform
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import textwrap
+import uuid
 from collections import namedtuple
-from .util import prepare_command, get_build_verbosity_extra_flags

-try:
-    from shlex import quote as shlex_quote
-except ImportError:
-    from pipes import quote as shlex_quote
+from .util import (
+    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
+    prepare_command,
+    BuildOptions
+)
+
+
+def call(args, input=None, universal_newlines=False):
+    print('+ ' + ' '.join(shlex.quote(a) for a in args))
+    subprocess.run(
+        args, input=input, universal_newlines=universal_newlines, check=True
+    )
+
+
+def matches_platform(identifier):
+    pm = platform.machine()
+    if pm == "x86_64":
+        # x86_64 machines can run i686 docker containers
+        if identifier.endswith('x86_64') or identifier.endswith('i686'):
+            return True
+    elif pm == "i686":
+        if identifier.endswith('i686'):
+            return True
+    elif pm == "aarch64":
+        if identifier.endswith('aarch64'):
+            return True
+    elif pm == "ppc64le":
+        if identifier.endswith('ppc64le'):
+            return True
+    elif pm == "s390x":
+        if identifier.endswith('s390x'):
+            return True
+    return False


 def get_python_configurations(build_selector):
-    PythonConfiguration = namedtuple('PythonConfiguration', ['identifier', 'path'])
+    PythonConfiguration = namedtuple('PythonConfiguration', ['version', 'identifier', 'path'])
    python_configurations = [
-        PythonConfiguration(identifier='cp27-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/cp27-cp27m'),
-        PythonConfiguration(identifier='cp27-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/cp27-cp27mu'),
-        PythonConfiguration(identifier='cp35-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/cp35-cp35m'),
-        PythonConfiguration(identifier='cp36-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/cp36-cp36m'),
-        PythonConfiguration(identifier='cp37-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/cp37-cp37m'),
-        PythonConfiguration(identifier='cp38-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/cp38-cp38'),
-        PythonConfiguration(identifier='cp27-manylinux_i686', path='/opt/python/cp27-cp27m'),
-        PythonConfiguration(identifier='cp27-manylinux_i686', path='/opt/python/cp27-cp27mu'),
-        PythonConfiguration(identifier='cp35-manylinux_i686', path='/opt/python/cp35-cp35m'),
-        PythonConfiguration(identifier='cp36-manylinux_i686', path='/opt/python/cp36-cp36m'),
-        PythonConfiguration(identifier='cp37-manylinux_i686', path='/opt/python/cp37-cp37m'),
-        PythonConfiguration(identifier='cp38-manylinux_i686', path='/opt/python/cp38-cp38'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7', identifier='cp27-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/cp27-cp27m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7', identifier='cp27-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/cp27-cp27mu'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.5', identifier='cp35-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/cp35-cp35m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6', identifier='cp36-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/cp36-cp36m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.7', identifier='cp37-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/cp37-cp37m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.8', identifier='cp38-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/cp38-cp38'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7', identifier='cp27-manylinux_i686', path='/opt/python/cp27-cp27m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7', identifier='cp27-manylinux_i686', path='/opt/python/cp27-cp27mu'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.5', identifier='cp35-manylinux_i686', path='/opt/python/cp35-cp35m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6', identifier='cp36-manylinux_i686', path='/opt/python/cp36-cp36m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.7', identifier='cp37-manylinux_i686', path='/opt/python/cp37-cp37m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.8', identifier='cp38-manylinux_i686', path='/opt/python/cp38-cp38'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7', identifier='pp27-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/pp27-pypy_73'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6', identifier='pp36-manylinux_x86_64', path='/opt/python/pp36-pypy36_pp73'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.5', identifier='cp35-manylinux_aarch64', path='/opt/python/cp35-cp35m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6', identifier='cp36-manylinux_aarch64', path='/opt/python/cp36-cp36m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.7', identifier='cp37-manylinux_aarch64', path='/opt/python/cp37-cp37m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.8', identifier='cp38-manylinux_aarch64', path='/opt/python/cp38-cp38'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.5', identifier='cp35-manylinux_ppc64le', path='/opt/python/cp35-cp35m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6', identifier='cp36-manylinux_ppc64le', path='/opt/python/cp36-cp36m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.7', identifier='cp37-manylinux_ppc64le', path='/opt/python/cp37-cp37m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.8', identifier='cp38-manylinux_ppc64le', path='/opt/python/cp38-cp38'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.5', identifier='cp35-manylinux_s390x', path='/opt/python/cp35-cp35m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6', identifier='cp36-manylinux_s390x', path='/opt/python/cp36-cp36m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.7', identifier='cp37-manylinux_s390x', path='/opt/python/cp37-cp37m'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.8', identifier='cp38-manylinux_s390x', path='/opt/python/cp38-cp38'),
    ]
-
    # skip builds as required
-    return [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]
+    return [c for c in python_configurations if matches_platform(c.identifier) and build_selector(c.identifier)]


-def build(project_dir, output_dir, test_command, test_requires, test_extras, before_build, build_verbosity, build_selector, environment, manylinux_images):
+def build(options: BuildOptions):
    try:
        subprocess.check_call(['docker', '--version'])
-    except:
+    except Exception:
        print('cibuildwheel: Docker not found. Docker is required to run Linux builds. '
              'If you\'re building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to your .travis.yml.'
              'If you\'re building on Circle CI in Linux, add a `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml',
              file=sys.stderr)
        exit(2)

-    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(build_selector)
+    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(options.build_selector)
    platforms = [
-        ('manylinux_x86_64', manylinux_images['x86_64']),
-        ('manylinux_i686', manylinux_images['i686']),
+        ('cp', 'manylinux_x86_64', options.manylinux_images['x86_64']),
+        ('cp', 'manylinux_i686', options.manylinux_images['i686']),
+        ('cp', 'manylinux_aarch64', options.manylinux_images['aarch64']),
+        ('cp', 'manylinux_ppc64le', options.manylinux_images['ppc64le']),
+        ('cp', 'manylinux_s390x', options.manylinux_images['s390x']),
+        ('pp', 'manylinux_x86_64', options.manylinux_images['pypy_x86_64']),
    ]

-    for platform_tag, docker_image in platforms:
-        platform_configs = [c for c in python_configurations if c.identifier.endswith(platform_tag)]
+    if not os.path.realpath(options.package_dir).startswith(os.path.realpath('.')):
+        raise Exception('package_dir must be inside the working directory')
+
+    container_package_dir = os.path.join('/project', os.path.relpath(options.package_dir, '.'))
+
+    for implementation, platform_tag, docker_image in platforms:
+        platform_configs = [c for c in python_configurations if c.identifier.startswith(implementation) and c.identifier.endswith(platform_tag)]
        if not platform_configs:
            continue

-        bash_script = '''
-            set -o errexit
-            set -o xtrace
-            mkdir /output
-            cd /project
+        container_name = 'cibuildwheel-{}'.format(uuid.uuid4())

-            {environment_exports}
+        try:
+            call(['docker', 'create',
+                  '--env', 'CIBUILDWHEEL',
+                  '--name', container_name,
+                  '-i',
+                  '-v', '/:/host',  # ignored on CircleCI
+                  docker_image,
+                  '/bin/bash'])

-            for PYBIN in {pybin_paths}; do
-                # Setup
-                rm -rf /tmp/built_wheel
-                rm -rf /tmp/delocated_wheels
-                mkdir /tmp/built_wheel
-                mkdir /tmp/delocated_wheels
+            call(['docker', 'cp', '.', container_name + ':/project'])

-                if [ ! -z {before_build} ]; then
-                    PATH="$PYBIN:$PATH" sh -c {before_build}
-                fi
+            call(['docker', 'start', container_name])

-                # Build that wheel
-                PATH="$PYBIN:$PATH" "$PYBIN/pip" wheel . -w /tmp/built_wheel --no-deps {build_verbosity_flag}
-                built_wheel=(/tmp/built_wheel/*.whl)
+            for config in platform_configs:
+                if options.dependency_constraints:
+                    constraints_file = options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version)

-                # Delocate the wheel
-                # NOTE: 'built_wheel' here is a bash array of glob matches; "$built_wheel" returns
-                # the first element
-                if [[ "$built_wheel" == *none-any.whl ]]; then
-                    # pure python wheel - just copy
-                    mv "$built_wheel" /tmp/delocated_wheels
-                else
-                    auditwheel repair "$built_wheel" -w /tmp/delocated_wheels
-                fi
-                delocated_wheels=(/tmp/delocated_wheels/*.whl)
+                    # `docker cp` causes 'no space left on device' error when
+                    # a container is running and the host filesystem is
+                    # mounted. https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/38995
+                    # Use `docker exec` instead.
+                    with open(constraints_file, 'rb') as f:
+                        call(
+                            ['docker', 'exec', '-i', container_name, 'sh', '-c', 'cat > /constraints.txt'],
+                            input=f.read(),
+                        )

-                if [ ! -z {test_command} ]; then
-                    # Set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
-                    # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-                    "$PYBIN/pip" install virtualenv
-                    venv_dir=`mktemp -d`/venv
-                    "$PYBIN/python" -m virtualenv "$venv_dir"
+                call(
+                    ['docker', 'exec', '-i', container_name, '/bin/bash'],
+                    universal_newlines=True,
+                    input='''
+                        # give xtrace output an extra level of indent inside docker
+                        PS4='    + '

-                    # run the tests in a subshell to keep that `activate`
-                    # script from polluting the env
-                    (
-                        source "$venv_dir/bin/activate"
+                        set -o errexit
+                        set -o xtrace
+                        mkdir -p /output
+                        cd /project

-                        echo "Running tests using `which python`"
+                        PYBIN="{config_python_bin}"

-                        # Install the wheel we just built
-                        # Note: If auditwheel produced two wheels, it's because the earlier produced wheel
-                        # conforms to multiple manylinux standards. These multiple versions of the wheel are
-                        # functionally the same, differing only in name, wheel metadata, and possibly include
-                        # different external shared libraries. so it doesn't matter which one we run the tests on.
-                        # Let's just pick the first one.
-                        pip install "${{delocated_wheels[0]}}"{test_extras}
+                        export PATH="$PYBIN:$PATH"
+                        {environment_exports}

-                        # Install any requirements to run the tests
-                        if [ ! -z "{test_requires}" ]; then
-                            pip install {test_requires}
+                        # check the active python and pip are in PYBIN
+                        if [ "$(which pip)" != "$PYBIN/pip" ]; then
+                        echo "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
+                        exit 1
+                        fi
+                        if [ "$(which python)" != "$PYBIN/python" ]; then
+                        echo "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
+                        exit 1
                        fi

-                        # Run the tests from a different directory
-                        pushd $HOME
-                        sh -c {test_command}
-                        popd
+                        if [ ! -z {before_build} ]; then
+                            sh -c {before_build}
+                        fi
+
+                        # Build the wheel
+                        rm -rf /tmp/built_wheel
+                        mkdir /tmp/built_wheel
+                        pip wheel {package_dir} -w /tmp/built_wheel --no-deps {build_verbosity_flag}
+                        built_wheel=(/tmp/built_wheel/*.whl)
+
+                        # repair the wheel
+                        rm -rf /tmp/repaired_wheels
+                        mkdir /tmp/repaired_wheels
+                        # NOTE: 'built_wheel' here is a bash array of glob matches; "$built_wheel" returns
+                        # the first element
+                        if [[ "$built_wheel" == *none-any.whl ]] || [ -z {repair_command} ]; then
+                            # pure Python wheel or empty repair command
+                            mv "$built_wheel" /tmp/repaired_wheels
+                        else
+                            sh -c {repair_command} repair_command "$built_wheel"
+                        fi
+                        repaired_wheels=(/tmp/repaired_wheels/*.whl)
+
+                        if [ ! -z {test_command} ]; then
+                            # Set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
+                            # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
+                            pip install {dependency_install_flags} virtualenv
+                            venv_dir=`mktemp -d`/venv
+                            python -m virtualenv --no-download "$venv_dir"
+                            export __CIBW_VIRTUALENV_PATH__=$venv_dir
+
+                            # run the tests in a subshell to keep that `activate`
+                            # script from polluting the env
+                            (
+                                source "$venv_dir/bin/activate"
+
+                                echo "Running tests using `which python`"
+
+                                if [ ! -z {before_test} ]; then
+                                    sh -c {before_test}
+                                fi
+
+                                # Install the wheel we just built
+                                # Note: If auditwheel produced two wheels, it's because the earlier produced wheel
+                                # conforms to multiple manylinux standards. These multiple versions of the wheel are
+                                # functionally the same, differing only in name, wheel metadata, and possibly include
+                                # different external shared libraries. so it doesn't matter which one we run the tests on.
+                                # Let's just pick the first one.
+                                pip install "${{repaired_wheels[0]}}"{test_extras}
+
+                                # Install any requirements to run the tests
+                                if [ ! -z "{test_requires}" ]; then
+                                    pip install {test_requires}
+                                fi
+
+                                # Run the tests from a different directory
+                                pushd $HOME
+                                sh -c {test_command}
+                                popd
+                            )
+                            # exit if tests failed (needed for older bash versions)
+                            if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+                              exit 1;
+                            fi
+
+                            # clean up
+                            rm -rf "$venv_dir"
+                        fi
+
+                        # we're all done here; move it to output
+                        mv "${{repaired_wheels[@]}}" /output
+                        for repaired_wheel in "${{repaired_wheels[@]}}"; do
+                            chown {uid}:{gid} "/output/$(basename "$repaired_wheel")"
+                        done
+                    '''.format(
+                        config_python_bin=config.path + '/bin',
+                        package_dir=container_package_dir,
+                        test_requires=' '.join(options.test_requires),
+                        test_extras=options.test_extras,
+                        test_command=shlex.quote(
+                            prepare_command(options.test_command, project='/project', package=container_package_dir) if options.test_command else ''
+                        ),
+                        before_build=shlex.quote(
+                            prepare_command(options.before_build, project='/project', package=container_package_dir) if options.before_build else ''
+                        ),
+                        build_verbosity_flag=' '.join(get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(options.build_verbosity)),
+                        repair_command=shlex.quote(
+                            prepare_command(options.repair_command, wheel='"$1"', dest_dir='/tmp/repaired_wheels') if options.repair_command else ''
+                        ),
+                        environment_exports='\n'.join(options.environment.as_shell_commands()),
+                        uid=os.getuid(),
+                        gid=os.getgid(),
+                        before_test=shlex.quote(
+                            prepare_command(options.before_test, project='/project', package=container_package_dir) if options.before_test else ''
+                        ),
+                        dependency_install_flags='-c /constraints.txt' if options.dependency_constraints else '',
                    )
-                    # exit if tests failed (needed for older bash versions)
-                    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
-                      exit 1;
-                    fi
+                )

-                    # clean up
-                    rm -rf "$venv_dir"
-                fi
-
-                # we're all done here; move it to output
-                mv "${{delocated_wheels[@]}}" /output
-                for delocated_wheel in "${{delocated_wheels[@]}}"; do chown {uid}:{gid} "/output/$(basename "$delocated_wheel")"; done
-            done
-        '''.format(
-            pybin_paths=' '.join(c.path+'/bin' for c in platform_configs),
-            test_requires=' '.join(test_requires),
-            test_extras=test_extras,
-            test_command=shlex_quote(
-                prepare_command(test_command, project='/project') if test_command else ''
-            ),
-            before_build=shlex_quote(
-                prepare_command(before_build, project='/project') if before_build else ''
-            ),
-            build_verbosity_flag=' '.join(get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_verbosity)),
-            environment_exports='\n'.join(environment.as_shell_commands()),
-            uid=os.getuid(),
-            gid=os.getgid(),
-        )
-
-        def run_docker(command, stdin_str=None):
-            print('docker command: docker {}'.format(' '.join(map(shlex_quote, command))))
-            if stdin_str is None:
-                subprocess.check_call(['docker'] + command)
-            else:
-                args = ['docker'] + command
-                process = subprocess.Popen(args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
-                try:
-                    process.communicate(stdin_str)
-                except KeyboardInterrupt:
-                    process.kill()
-                    process.wait()
-                if process.returncode != 0:
-                    raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(process.returncode, args)
-
-        container_name = 'cibuildwheel-{}'.format(uuid.uuid4())
-        try:
-            run_docker(['create',
-                        '--env', 'CIBUILDWHEEL',
-                        '--name', container_name,
-                        '-i',
-                        '-v', '/:/host', # ignored on Circle
-                        docker_image, '/bin/bash'])
-            run_docker(['cp', os.path.abspath(project_dir) + '/.', container_name + ':/project'])
-            run_docker(['start', '-i', '-a', container_name], stdin_str=bash_script)
-            run_docker(['cp', container_name + ':/output/.', os.path.abspath(output_dir)])
-        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+            # copy the output back into the host
+            call(['docker', 'cp',
+                  container_name + ':/output/.',
+                  os.path.abspath(options.output_dir)])
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
+            troubleshoot(options.package_dir, error)
            exit(1)
        finally:
            # Still gets executed, even when 'exit(1)' gets called
-            run_docker(['rm', '--force', '-v', container_name])
+            call(['docker', 'rm', '--force', '-v', container_name])
+
+
+def troubleshoot(package_dir, error):
+    if (isinstance(error, subprocess.CalledProcessError) and 'exec' in error.cmd):
+        # the bash script failed
+        print('Checking for common errors...')
+        so_files = []
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(package_dir):
+            for name in files:
+                _, ext = os.path.splitext(name)
+                if ext == '.so':
+                    so_files.append(os.path.join(root, name))
+
+        if so_files:
+            print(textwrap.dedent('''
+                NOTE: Shared object (.so) files found in this project.
+
+                  These files might be built against the wrong OS, causing problems with
+                  auditwheel.
+
+                  If you're using Cython and have previously done an in-place build,
+                  remove those build files (*.so and *.c) before starting cibuildwheel.
+            '''))
+
+            print('  Files detected:')
+            print('\n'.join(['    ' + f for f in so_files]))
+            print('')
@@ -1,161 +1,250 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
+import os
+import shlex
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
 import tempfile
-import os, subprocess, shlex, sys, shutil
 from collections import namedtuple
 from glob import glob
-try:
-    from shlex import quote as shlex_quote
-except ImportError:
-    from pipes import quote as shlex_quote

-from .util import prepare_command, get_build_verbosity_extra_flags
+from .util import (
+    download,
+    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
+    prepare_command,
+    get_pip_script,
+    BuildOptions
+)
+
+
+def call(args, env=None, cwd=None, shell=False):
+    # print the command executing for the logs
+    if shell:
+        print('+ %s' % args)
+    else:
+        print('+ ' + ' '.join(shlex.quote(a) for a in args))
+
+    return subprocess.check_call(args, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=shell)


 def get_python_configurations(build_selector):
    PythonConfiguration = namedtuple('PythonConfiguration', ['version', 'identifier', 'url'])
    python_configurations = [
-        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7', identifier='cp27-macosx_10_6_intel', url='https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.17/python-2.7.17-macosx10.6.pkg'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='3.5', identifier='cp35-macosx_10_6_intel', url='https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.4/python-3.5.4-macosx10.6.pkg'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6', identifier='cp36-macosx_10_6_intel', url='https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/python-3.6.8-macosx10.6.pkg'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='3.7', identifier='cp37-macosx_10_6_intel', url='https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.5/python-3.7.5-macosx10.6.pkg'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='3.8', identifier='cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64', url='https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.0/python-3.8.0-macosx10.9.pkg'),
+        # CPython
+        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7', identifier='cp27-macosx_x86_64', url='https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.18/python-2.7.18-macosx10.9.pkg'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.5', identifier='cp35-macosx_x86_64', url='https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.4/python-3.5.4-macosx10.6.pkg'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6', identifier='cp36-macosx_x86_64', url='https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/python-3.6.8-macosx10.9.pkg'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.7', identifier='cp37-macosx_x86_64', url='https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.7/python-3.7.7-macosx10.9.pkg'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.8', identifier='cp38-macosx_x86_64', url='https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.2/python-3.8.2-macosx10.9.pkg'),
+        # PyPy
+        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7', identifier='pp27-macosx_x86_64', url='https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy2.7-v7.3.1-osx64.tar.bz2'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6', identifier='pp36-macosx_x86_64', url='https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.6-v7.3.1-osx64.tar.bz2'),
    ]

    # skip builds as required
    return [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]


-def build(project_dir, output_dir, test_command, test_requires, test_extras, before_build, build_verbosity, build_selector, environment):
-    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(build_selector)
-    get_pip_url = 'https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py'
-    get_pip_script = '/tmp/get-pip.py'
+SYMLINKS_DIR = '/tmp/cibw_bin'

-    pkgs_output = subprocess.check_output(['pkgutil',  '--pkgs'])
-    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
-        pkgs_output = pkgs_output.decode('utf8')
-    installed_system_packages = pkgs_output.splitlines()

-    def call(args, env=None, cwd=None, shell=False):
-        # print the command executing for the logs
-        if shell:
-            print('+ %s' % args)
-        else:
-            print('+ ' + ' '.join(shlex_quote(a) for a in args))
+def make_symlinks(installation_bin_path, python_executable, pip_executable):
+    assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(installation_bin_path, python_executable))

-        return subprocess.check_call(args, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=shell)
+    # Python bin folders on Mac don't symlink `python3` to `python`, and neither
+    # does PyPy for `pypy` or `pypy3`, so we do that so `python` and `pip` always
+    # point to the active configuration.
+    if os.path.exists(SYMLINKS_DIR):
+        shutil.rmtree(SYMLINKS_DIR)
+    os.makedirs(SYMLINKS_DIR)

-    abs_project_dir = os.path.abspath(project_dir)
+    os.symlink(os.path.join(installation_bin_path, python_executable), os.path.join(SYMLINKS_DIR, 'python'))
+    os.symlink(os.path.join(installation_bin_path, python_executable + '-config'), os.path.join(SYMLINKS_DIR, 'python-config'))
+    os.symlink(os.path.join(installation_bin_path, pip_executable), os.path.join(SYMLINKS_DIR, 'pip'))

-    # get latest pip once and for all
-    call(['curl', '-L', '-o', get_pip_script, get_pip_url])
+
+def install_cpython(version, url):
+    installed_system_packages = subprocess.check_output(['pkgutil', '--pkgs'], universal_newlines=True).splitlines()
+
+    # if this version of python isn't installed, get it from python.org and install
+    python_package_identifier = 'org.python.Python.PythonFramework-{}'.format(version)
+    if python_package_identifier not in installed_system_packages:
+        # download the pkg
+        download(url, '/tmp/Python.pkg')
+        # install
+        call(['sudo', 'installer', '-pkg', '/tmp/Python.pkg', '-target', '/'])
+        # patch open ssl
+        if version == '3.5':
+            open_ssl_patch_url = 'https://github.com/mayeut/patch-macos-python-openssl/releases/download/v1.0.2u/patch-macos-python-%s-openssl-v1.0.2u.tar.gz' % version
+            download(open_ssl_patch_url, '/tmp/python-patch.tar.gz')
+            call(['sudo', 'tar', '-C', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/{}/'.format(version), '-xmf', '/tmp/python-patch.tar.gz'])
+
+    installation_bin_path = '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/{}/bin'.format(version)
+    python_executable = 'python3' if version[0] == '3' else 'python'
+    pip_executable = 'pip3' if version[0] == '3' else 'pip'
+    make_symlinks(installation_bin_path, python_executable, pip_executable)
+
+    return installation_bin_path
+
+
+def install_pypy(version, url):
+    pypy_tar_bz2 = url.rsplit('/', 1)[-1]
+    assert pypy_tar_bz2.endswith(".tar.bz2")
+    pypy_base_filename = os.path.splitext(os.path.splitext(pypy_tar_bz2)[0])[0]
+    installation_path = os.path.join('/tmp', pypy_base_filename)
+    if not os.path.exists(installation_path):
+        download(url, os.path.join("/tmp", pypy_tar_bz2))
+        call(['tar', '-C', '/tmp', '-xf', os.path.join("/tmp", pypy_tar_bz2)])
+
+    installation_bin_path = os.path.join(installation_path, 'bin')
+    python_executable = 'pypy3' if version[0] == '3' else 'pypy'
+    pip_executable = 'pip3' if version[0] == '3' else 'pip'
+    make_symlinks(installation_bin_path, python_executable, pip_executable)
+
+    return installation_bin_path
+
+
+def setup_python(python_configuration, dependency_constraint_flags, environment):
+    if python_configuration.identifier.startswith('cp'):
+        installation_bin_path = install_cpython(python_configuration.version, python_configuration.url)
+    elif python_configuration.identifier.startswith('pp'):
+        installation_bin_path = install_pypy(python_configuration.version, python_configuration.url)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Unknown Python implementation")
+
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    env['PATH'] = os.pathsep.join([
+        SYMLINKS_DIR,
+        installation_bin_path,
+        env['PATH'],
+    ])
+
+    # Fix issue with site.py setting the wrong `sys.prefix`, `sys.exec_prefix`,
+    # `sys.path`, ... for PyPy: https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/issues/3175
+    # Also fix an issue with the shebang of installed scripts inside the
+    # testing virtualenv- see https://github.com/theacodes/nox/issues/44 and
+    # https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/620
+    # Also see https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/9516
+    env.pop('__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__', None)
+    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
+
+    # check what version we're on
+    call(['which', 'python'], env=env)
+    call(['python', '--version'], env=env)
+    which_python = subprocess.check_output(['which', 'python'], env=env, universal_newlines=True).strip()
+    if which_python != '/tmp/cibw_bin/python':
+        print("cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.", file=sys.stderr)
+        exit(1)
+
+    # install pip & wheel
+    call(['python', get_pip_script] + dependency_constraint_flags, env=env, cwd="/tmp")
+    assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(installation_bin_path, 'pip'))
+    call(['which', 'pip'], env=env)
+    call(['pip', '--version'], env=env)
+    which_pip = subprocess.check_output(['which', 'pip'], env=env, universal_newlines=True).strip()
+    if which_pip != '/tmp/cibw_bin/pip':
+        print("cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.", file=sys.stderr)
+        exit(1)
+    call(['pip', 'install', '--upgrade', 'setuptools', 'wheel', 'delocate'] + dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
+
+    # Set MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET to 10.9, if the user didn't set it.
+    # CPython 3.5 defaults to 10.6, and pypy defaults to 10.7, causing
+    # inconsistencies if it's left unset.
+    env.setdefault('MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET', '10.9')
+
+    if python_configuration.version == '3.5':
+        # Cross-compilation platform override - CPython 3.5 has an
+        # i386/x86_64 version of Python, but we only want a x64_64 build
+        env.setdefault('_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM', 'macosx-10.9-x86_64')
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/a5ed2fe0eedefa1649aa93ee74a0bafc8e628a10/Lib/_osx_support.py#L260
+        env.setdefault('ARCHFLAGS', '-arch x86_64')
+
+    return env
+
+
+def build(options: BuildOptions):
+    temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='cibuildwheel')
+    built_wheel_dir = os.path.join(temp_dir, 'built_wheel')
+    repaired_wheel_dir = os.path.join(temp_dir, 'repaired_wheel')
+
+    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(options.build_selector)

    for config in python_configurations:
-        # if this version of python isn't installed, get it from python.org and install
-        python_package_identifier = 'org.python.Python.PythonFramework-%s' % config.version
-        if python_package_identifier not in installed_system_packages:
-            # download the pkg
-            call(['curl', '-L', '-o', '/tmp/Python.pkg', config.url])
-            # install
-            call(['sudo', 'installer', '-pkg', '/tmp/Python.pkg', '-target', '/'])
-            # patch open ssl
-            if config.version == '3.5':
-                call(['curl', '-fsSLo', '/tmp/python-patch.tar.gz', 'https://github.com/mayeut/patch-macos-python-openssl/releases/download/v1.0.2t/patch-macos-python-%s-openssl-v1.0.2t.tar.gz' % config.version])
-                call(['sudo', 'tar', '-C', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/%s/' % config.version, '-xmf', '/tmp/python-patch.tar.gz'])
+        dependency_constraint_flags = []
+        if options.dependency_constraints:
+            dependency_constraint_flags = [
+                '-c', options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version)
+            ]

-        installation_bin_path = '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/{}/bin'.format(config.version)
-
-        # Python bin folders on Mac don't symlink python3 to python, so we do that
-        # so `python` and `pip` always point to the active configuration.
-        if os.path.exists('/tmp/cibw_bin'):
-            shutil.rmtree('/tmp/cibw_bin')
-        os.makedirs('/tmp/cibw_bin')
-
-        if config.version[0] == '3':
-            os.symlink(os.path.join(installation_bin_path, 'python3'), '/tmp/cibw_bin/python')
-            os.symlink(os.path.join(installation_bin_path, 'python3-config'), '/tmp/cibw_bin/python-config')
-            os.symlink(os.path.join(installation_bin_path, 'pip3'), '/tmp/cibw_bin/pip')
-
-        env = os.environ.copy()
-        env['PATH'] = os.pathsep.join([
-            '/tmp/cibw_bin',
-            installation_bin_path,
-            env['PATH'],
-        ])
-        env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
-
-        # check what version we're on
-        call(['which', 'python'], env=env)
-        call(['python', '--version'], env=env)
-
-        # install pip & wheel
-        call(['python', get_pip_script, '--no-setuptools', '--no-wheel'], env=env)
-        call(['pip', '--version'], env=env)
-        call(['pip', 'install', '--upgrade', 'setuptools'], env=env)
-        call(['pip', 'install', 'wheel'], env=env)
-        call(['pip', 'install', 'delocate'], env=env)
-
-        # setup dirs
-        if os.path.exists('/tmp/built_wheel'):
-            shutil.rmtree('/tmp/built_wheel')
-        os.makedirs('/tmp/built_wheel')
-        if os.path.exists('/tmp/delocated_wheel'):
-            shutil.rmtree('/tmp/delocated_wheel')
-        os.makedirs('/tmp/delocated_wheel')
+        env = setup_python(config, dependency_constraint_flags, options.environment)

        # run the before_build command
-        if before_build:
-            before_build_prepared = prepare_command(before_build, project=abs_project_dir)
+        if options.before_build:
+            before_build_prepared = prepare_command(options.before_build, project='.', package=options.package_dir)
            call(before_build_prepared, env=env, shell=True)

        # build the wheel
-        call(['pip', 'wheel', abs_project_dir, '-w', '/tmp/built_wheel', '--no-deps'] + get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_verbosity), env=env)
-        built_wheel = glob('/tmp/built_wheel/*.whl')[0]
+        if os.path.exists(built_wheel_dir):
+            shutil.rmtree(built_wheel_dir)
+        os.makedirs(built_wheel_dir)
+        call(['pip', 'wheel', options.package_dir, '-w', built_wheel_dir, '--no-deps'] + get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(options.build_verbosity), env=env)
+        built_wheel = glob(os.path.join(built_wheel_dir, '*.whl'))[0]

-        if built_wheel.endswith('none-any.whl'):
-            # pure python wheel - just move
-            shutil.move(built_wheel, '/tmp/delocated_wheel')
+        # repair the wheel
+        if os.path.exists(repaired_wheel_dir):
+            shutil.rmtree(repaired_wheel_dir)
+        os.makedirs(repaired_wheel_dir)
+        if built_wheel.endswith('none-any.whl') or not options.repair_command:
+            # pure Python wheel or empty repair command
+            shutil.move(built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir)
        else:
-            # list the dependencies
-            call(['delocate-listdeps', built_wheel], env=env)
-            # rebuild the wheel with shared libraries included and place in output dir
-            call(['delocate-wheel', '-w', '/tmp/delocated_wheel', built_wheel], env=env)
-        delocated_wheel = glob('/tmp/delocated_wheel/*.whl')[0]
+            repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir)
+            call(repair_command_prepared, env=env, shell=True)
+        repaired_wheel = glob(os.path.join(repaired_wheel_dir, '*.whl'))[0]

-        if test_command:
+        if options.test_command:
            # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
            # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-            call(['pip', 'install', 'virtualenv'], env=env)
+            call(['pip', 'install', 'virtualenv'] + dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
            venv_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
-            call(['python', '-m', 'virtualenv', venv_dir], env=env)
+
+            # Use --no-download to ensure determinism by using seed libraries
+            # built into virtualenv
+            call(['python', '-m', 'virtualenv', '--no-download', venv_dir], env=env)

            virtualenv_env = env.copy()
            virtualenv_env['PATH'] = os.pathsep.join([
                os.path.join(venv_dir, 'bin'),
                virtualenv_env['PATH'],
            ])
-            # Fix some weird issue with the shebang of installed scripts
-            # See https://github.com/theacodes/nox/issues/44 and https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/620
-            virtualenv_env.pop('__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__', None)
+            virtualenv_env["__CIBW_VIRTUALENV_PATH__"] = venv_dir

            # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
            call(['which', 'python'], env=virtualenv_env)

+            if options.before_test:
+                before_test_prepared = prepare_command(options.before_test, project='.', package=options.package_dir)
+                call(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env, shell=True)
+
            # install the wheel
-            call(['pip', 'install', delocated_wheel + test_extras], env=virtualenv_env)
+            call(['pip', 'install', repaired_wheel + options.test_extras], env=virtualenv_env)

            # test the wheel
-            if test_requires:
-                call(['pip', 'install'] + test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)
+            if options.test_requires:
+                call(['pip', 'install'] + options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)

            # run the tests from $HOME, with an absolute path in the command
            # (this ensures that Python runs the tests against the installed wheel
            # and not the repo code)
-            test_command_prepared = prepare_command(test_command, project=abs_project_dir)
+            test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
+                options.test_command,
+                project=os.path.abspath('.'),
+                package=os.path.abspath(options.package_dir)
+            )
            call(test_command_prepared, cwd=os.environ['HOME'], env=virtualenv_env, shell=True)

            # clean up
            shutil.rmtree(venv_dir)

        # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
-        dst = os.path.join(output_dir, os.path.basename(delocated_wheel))
-        shutil.move(delocated_wheel, dst)
+        dst = os.path.join(options.output_dir, os.path.basename(repaired_wheel))
+        shutil.move(repaired_wheel, dst)
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-:: To build extensions for 64 bit Python 3, we need to configure environment
-:: variables to use the MSVC 2010 C++ compilers from GRMSDKX_EN_DVD.iso of:
-:: MS Windows SDK for Windows 7 and .NET Framework 4 (SDK v7.1)
-::
-:: To build extensions for 64 bit Python 2, we need to configure environment
-:: variables to use the MSVC 2008 C++ compilers from GRMSDKX_EN_DVD.iso of:
-:: MS Windows SDK for Windows 7 and .NET Framework 3.5 (SDK v7.0)
-::
-:: 32 bit builds, and 64-bit builds for 3.5 and beyond, do not require specific
-:: environment configurations.
-::
-:: Note: this script needs to be run with the /E:ON and /V:ON flags for the
-:: cmd interpreter, at least for (SDK v7.0)
-::
-:: More details at:
-:: https://github.com/cython/cython/wiki/64BitCythonExtensionsOnWindows
-:: http://stackoverflow.com/a/13751649/163740
-::
-:: Author: Olivier Grisel
-:: License: CC0 1.0 Universal: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
-::
-:: Notes about batch files for Python people:
-::
-:: Quotes in values are literally part of the values:
-::      SET FOO="bar"
-:: FOO is now five characters long: " b a r "
-:: If you don't want quotes, don't include them on the right-hand side.
-::
-:: The CALL lines at the end of this file look redundant, but if you move them
-:: outside of the IF clauses, they do not run properly in the SET_SDK_64==Y
-:: case, I don't know why.
-@ECHO OFF
-
-SET COMMAND_TO_RUN=%*
-SET WIN_SDK_ROOT=C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows
-SET WIN_WDK=c:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\wdf
-
-:: Extract the major and minor versions, and allow for the minor version to be
-:: more than 9.  This requires the version number to have two dots in it.
-SET MAJOR_PYTHON_VERSION=%PYTHON_VERSION:~0,1%
-IF "%PYTHON_VERSION:~3,1%" == "." (
-    SET MINOR_PYTHON_VERSION=%PYTHON_VERSION:~2,1%
-) ELSE (
-    SET MINOR_PYTHON_VERSION=%PYTHON_VERSION:~2,2%
-)
-
-:: Based on the Python version, determine what SDK version to use, and whether
-:: to set the SDK for 64-bit.
-IF %MAJOR_PYTHON_VERSION% == 2 (
-    SET WINDOWS_SDK_VERSION="v7.0"
-    SET SET_SDK_64=Y
-) ELSE (
-    IF %MAJOR_PYTHON_VERSION% == 3 (
-        SET WINDOWS_SDK_VERSION="v7.1"
-        IF %MINOR_PYTHON_VERSION% LEQ 4 (
-            SET SET_SDK_64=Y
-        ) ELSE (
-            SET SET_SDK_64=N
-            IF EXIST "%WIN_WDK%" (
-                :: See: https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/1610302/
-                REN "%WIN_WDK%" 0wdf
-            )
-        )
-    ) ELSE (
-        ECHO Unsupported Python version: "%MAJOR_PYTHON_VERSION%"
-        EXIT 1
-    )
-)
-
-IF %PYTHON_ARCH% == 64 (
-    IF %SET_SDK_64% == Y (
-        ECHO Configuring Windows SDK %WINDOWS_SDK_VERSION% for Python %MAJOR_PYTHON_VERSION% on a 64 bit architecture
-        SET DISTUTILS_USE_SDK=1
-        SET MSSdk=1
-        "%WIN_SDK_ROOT%\%WINDOWS_SDK_VERSION%\Setup\WindowsSdkVer.exe" -q -version:%WINDOWS_SDK_VERSION%
-        "%WIN_SDK_ROOT%\%WINDOWS_SDK_VERSION%\Bin\SetEnv.cmd" /x64 /release
-        ECHO Executing: %COMMAND_TO_RUN%
-        call %COMMAND_TO_RUN% || EXIT 1
-    ) ELSE (
-        ECHO Using default MSVC build environment for 64 bit architecture
-        ECHO Executing: %COMMAND_TO_RUN%
-        call %COMMAND_TO_RUN% || EXIT 1
-    )
-) ELSE (
-    ECHO Using default MSVC build environment for 32 bit architecture
-    ECHO Executing: %COMMAND_TO_RUN%
-    call %COMMAND_TO_RUN% || EXIT 1
-)
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
+# To update, run:
+#
+#    bin/update_constraints.py
+#
+appdirs==1.4.3            # via virtualenv
+configparser==4.0.2       # via importlib-metadata
+contextlib2==0.6.0.post1  # via importlib-metadata, importlib-resources, virtualenv
+delocate==0.8.0           # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.0            # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.0.12          # via virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==1.6.0  # via importlib-resources, virtualenv
+importlib-resources==1.5.0  # via virtualenv
+pathlib2==2.3.5           # via importlib-metadata, importlib-resources, virtualenv
+scandir==1.10.0           # via pathlib2
+singledispatch==3.4.0.3   # via importlib-resources
+six==1.14.0               # via pathlib2, virtualenv
+typing==3.7.4.1           # via importlib-resources
+virtualenv==20.0.18       # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.34.2             # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in, delocate
+zipp==1.2.0               # via importlib-metadata, importlib-resources
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==20.1                 # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==44.1.0        # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
+# To update, run:
+#
+#    bin/update_constraints.py
+#
+appdirs==1.4.3            # via virtualenv
+delocate==0.8.0           # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.0            # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.0.12          # via virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==1.6.0  # via importlib-resources, virtualenv
+importlib-resources==1.5.0  # via virtualenv
+six==1.14.0               # via virtualenv
+virtualenv==20.0.18       # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.34.2             # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in, delocate
+zipp==1.2.0               # via importlib-metadata, importlib-resources
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==20.1                 # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==46.1.3        # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
+# To update, run:
+#
+#    bin/update_constraints.py
+#
+appdirs==1.4.3            # via virtualenv
+delocate==0.8.0           # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.0            # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.0.12          # via virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==1.6.0  # via importlib-resources, virtualenv
+importlib-resources==1.5.0  # via virtualenv
+six==1.14.0               # via virtualenv
+virtualenv==20.0.18       # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.34.2             # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in, delocate
+zipp==3.1.0               # via importlib-metadata, importlib-resources
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==20.1                 # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==46.1.3        # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pip
+setuptools
+wheel
+delocate
+virtualenv
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
+# To update, run:
+#
+#    bin/update_constraints.py
+#
+appdirs==1.4.3            # via virtualenv
+delocate==0.8.0           # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.0            # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.0.12          # via virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==1.6.0  # via virtualenv
+six==1.14.0               # via virtualenv
+virtualenv==20.0.18       # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.34.2             # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in, delocate
+zipp==3.1.0               # via importlib-metadata
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==20.1                 # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==46.1.3        # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+[x86_64]
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2020-04-25-37c204c
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2020-04-29-0e1afc5
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2020-05-01-b37d76b
+
+[i686]
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2020-04-25-37c204c
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2020-04-29-0e1afc5
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2020-05-01-b37d76b
+
+[pypy_x86_64]
+manylinux2010 = pypywheels/manylinux2010-pypy_x86_64:2020-04-25-eb2cdff
+
+[aarch64]
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2020-05-01-b37d76b
+
+[ppc64le]
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2020-05-01-b37d76b
+
+[s390x]
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2020-05-01-b37d76b
+
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+--- a/lib_pypy/_sysconfigdata.py	Tue Jan 28 22:54:59 2020 +0200
+++ b/lib_pypy/_sysconfigdata.py	Wed Jan 29 19:21:23 2020 +0200
+@@ -47,4 +47,5 @@
+     build_time_vars['CC'] += ' -arch %s' % (arch,)
+     if "CXX" in build_time_vars:
+         build_time_vars['CXX'] += ' -arch %s' % (arch,)
+    build_time_vars['MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET'] = '10.7'
@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
+import os
+import urllib.request
 from fnmatch import fnmatch
-import warnings
+from time import sleep
+from typing import NamedTuple, List, Optional, Dict
+
+from .environment import ParsedEnvironment


-def prepare_command(command, project):
+def prepare_command(command, **kwargs):
    '''
-    Preprocesses a command by expanding variables like {project}.
+    Preprocesses a command by expanding variables like {python}.

-    For example, used in the test_command option, to specify the path to the
-    tests directory.
+    For example, used in the test_command option to specify the path to the
+    project's root.
    '''
-    return command.format(python='python', pip='pip', project=project)
+    return command.format(python='python', pip='pip', **kwargs)


 def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level):
@@ -21,7 +26,7 @@ def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level):
        return []


-class BuildSelector(object):
+class BuildSelector:
    def __init__(self, build_config, skip_config):
        self.build_patterns = build_config.split()
        self.skip_patterns = skip_config.split()
@@ -36,7 +41,7 @@ class BuildSelector(object):


 # Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/107717
-class Unbuffered(object):
+class Unbuffered:
    def __init__(self, stream):
        self.stream = stream

@@ -50,3 +55,77 @@ class Unbuffered(object):

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        return getattr(self.stream, attr)
+
+
+def download(url, dest):
+    print('+ Download ' + url + ' to ' + dest)
+    dest_dir = os.path.dirname(dest)
+    if not os.path.exists(dest_dir):
+        os.makedirs(dest_dir)
+
+    repeat_num = 3
+    for i in range(repeat_num):
+        try:
+            response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
+        except Exception:
+            if i == repeat_num - 1:
+                raise
+            sleep(3)
+            continue
+        break
+
+    try:
+        with open(dest, 'wb') as file:
+            file.write(response.read())
+    finally:
+        response.close()
+
+
+class DependencyConstraints:
+    def __init__(self, base_file_path):
+        assert os.path.exists(base_file_path)
+        self.base_file_path = os.path.abspath(base_file_path)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def with_defaults(cls):
+        return cls(
+            base_file_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'resources', 'constraints.txt')
+        )
+
+    def get_for_python_version(self, version):
+        version_parts = version.split('.')
+
+        # try to find a version-specific dependency file e.g. if
+        # ./constraints.txt is the base, look for ./constraints-python27.txt
+        base, ext = os.path.splitext(self.base_file_path)
+        specific = base + '-python{}{}'.format(version_parts[0], version_parts[1])
+        specific_file_path = specific + ext
+        if os.path.exists(specific_file_path):
+            return specific_file_path
+        else:
+            return self.base_file_path
+
+
+BuildOptions = NamedTuple("BuildOptions", [
+    ("package_dir", str),
+    ("output_dir", str),
+    ("test_command", Optional[str]),
+    ("test_requires", List[str]),
+    ("test_extras", str),
+    ("before_build", Optional[str]),
+    ("build_verbosity", int),
+    ("build_selector", BuildSelector),
+    ("repair_command", str),
+    ("environment", ParsedEnvironment),
+    ("before_test", str),
+    ("dependency_constraints", Optional[DependencyConstraints]),
+    ("manylinux_images", Optional[Dict[str, str]]),
+])
+
+"""
+Replace this definition with a class-style NamedTuple in the
+PEP526 style when Python 3.5 host support is dropped
+"""
+
+resources_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'resources'))
+get_pip_script = os.path.join(resources_dir, 'get-pip.py')
@@ -1,182 +1,245 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-import os, tempfile, subprocess, shutil, sys
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
 from collections import namedtuple
 from glob import glob
+from zipfile import ZipFile

-try:
-    from shlex import quote as shlex_quote
-except ImportError:
-    from pipes import quote as shlex_quote
-
-try:
-    from urllib.request import urlopen
-except ImportError:
-    from urllib2 import urlopen
-
-from .util import prepare_command, get_build_verbosity_extra_flags
+from .util import (
+    download,
+    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
+    prepare_command,
+    get_pip_script,
+    BuildOptions
+)


 IS_RUNNING_ON_AZURE = os.path.exists('C:\\hostedtoolcache')
 IS_RUNNING_ON_TRAVIS = os.environ.get('TRAVIS_OS_NAME') == 'windows'


-def get_python_path(config):
-    nuget_args = get_nuget_args(config)
-    return os.path.join(nuget_args[-1], nuget_args[0] + "." + config.version, "tools")
+def shell(args, env=None, cwd=None):
+    print('+ ' + ' '.join(args))
+    return subprocess.check_call(' '.join(args), env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True)


-def get_nuget_args(configuration):
-    python_name = "python" if configuration.version[0] == '3' else "python2"
-    if configuration.arch == "32":
-        python_name = python_name + "x86"
-    return [python_name, "-Version", configuration.version, "-OutputDirectory", "C:/cibw/python"]
+def get_nuget_args(version, arch):
+    python_name = 'python' if version[0] == '3' else 'python2'
+    if arch == '32':
+        python_name = python_name + 'x86'
+    return [python_name, '-Version', version, '-OutputDirectory', 'C:\\cibw\\python']
+

 def get_python_configurations(build_selector):
-    PythonConfiguration = namedtuple('PythonConfiguration', ['version', 'arch', 'identifier'])
+    PythonConfiguration = namedtuple('PythonConfiguration', ['version', 'arch', 'identifier', 'url'])
    python_configurations = [
-        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7.17', arch="32", identifier='cp27-win32'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7.17', arch="64", identifier='cp27-win_amd64'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='3.5.4', arch="32", identifier='cp35-win32'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='3.5.4', arch="64", identifier='cp35-win_amd64'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6.8', arch="32", identifier='cp36-win32'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6.8', arch="64", identifier='cp36-win_amd64'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='3.7.5', arch="32", identifier='cp37-win32'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='3.7.5', arch="64", identifier='cp37-win_amd64'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='3.8.0', arch="32", identifier='cp38-win32'),
-        PythonConfiguration(version='3.8.0', arch="64", identifier='cp38-win_amd64'),
+        # CPython
+        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7.18', arch='32', identifier='cp27-win32', url=None),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7.18', arch='64', identifier='cp27-win_amd64', url=None),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.5.4', arch='32', identifier='cp35-win32', url=None),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.5.4', arch='64', identifier='cp35-win_amd64', url=None),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6.8', arch='32', identifier='cp36-win32', url=None),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6.8', arch='64', identifier='cp36-win_amd64', url=None),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.7.7', arch='32', identifier='cp37-win32', url=None),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.7.7', arch='64', identifier='cp37-win_amd64', url=None),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.8.2', arch='32', identifier='cp38-win32', url=None),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.8.2', arch='64', identifier='cp38-win_amd64', url=None),
+        # PyPy
+        PythonConfiguration(version='2.7', arch='32', identifier='pp27-win32', url='https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy2.7-v7.3.1-win32.zip'),
+        PythonConfiguration(version='3.6', arch='32', identifier='pp36-win32', url='https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.6-v7.3.1-win32.zip'),
    ]

    if IS_RUNNING_ON_TRAVIS:
        # cannot install VCForPython27.msi which is needed for compiling C software
        # try with (and similar): msiexec /i VCForPython27.msi ALLUSERS=1 ACCEPT=YES /passive
-        python_configurations = [c for c in python_configurations if not c.version.startswith('2.7.')]
+        python_configurations = [c for c in python_configurations if not c.version.startswith('2.7')]

-     # skip builds as required
+    # skip builds as required
    python_configurations = [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]

    return python_configurations


+def extract_zip(zip_src, dest):
+    with ZipFile(zip_src) as zip:
+        zip.extractall(dest)

-def build(project_dir, output_dir, test_command, test_requires, test_extras, before_build, build_verbosity, build_selector, environment):
-    def simple_shell(args, env=None, cwd=None):
-        print('+ ' + ' '.join(args))
-        args = ['cmd', '/E:ON', '/V:ON', '/C'] + args
-        return subprocess.check_call(' '.join(args), env=env, cwd=cwd)
-    def download(url, dest):
-        print('+ Download ' + url + ' to ' + dest)
-        dest_dir = os.path.dirname(dest)
-        if not os.path.exists(dest_dir):
-            os.makedirs(dest_dir)
-        response = urlopen(url)
-        try:
-            with open(dest, 'wb') as file:
-                file.write(response.read())
-        finally:
-            response.close()
-    if IS_RUNNING_ON_AZURE or IS_RUNNING_ON_TRAVIS:
-        shell = simple_shell
+
+def install_cpython(version, arch, nuget):
+    nuget_args = get_nuget_args(version, arch)
+    installation_path = os.path.join(nuget_args[-1], nuget_args[0] + '.' + version, 'tools')
+    shell([nuget, 'install'] + nuget_args)
+    return installation_path
+
+
+def install_pypy(version, arch, url):
+    assert arch == '32'
+    # Inside the PyPy zip file is a directory with the same name
+    zip_filename = url.rsplit('/', 1)[-1]
+    installation_path = os.path.join('C:\\cibw', os.path.splitext(zip_filename)[0])
+    if not os.path.exists(installation_path):
+        pypy_zip = os.path.join('C:\\cibw', zip_filename)
+        download(url, pypy_zip)
+        # Extract to the parent directory because the zip file still contains a directory
+        extract_zip(pypy_zip, os.path.dirname(installation_path))
+        pypy_exe = 'pypy3.exe' if version[0] == '3' else 'pypy.exe'
+        shell(['mklink', os.path.join(installation_path, 'python.exe'), os.path.join(installation_path, pypy_exe)])
+    return installation_path
+
+
+def setup_python(python_configuration, dependency_constraint_flags, environment):
+    nuget = 'C:\\cibw\\nuget.exe'
+    if not os.path.exists(nuget):
+        download('https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe', nuget)
+
+    if python_configuration.identifier.startswith('cp'):
+        installation_path = install_cpython(python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch, nuget)
+    elif python_configuration.identifier.startswith('pp'):
+        installation_path = install_pypy(python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch, python_configuration.url)
    else:
-        run_with_env = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'resources', 'appveyor_run_with_env.cmd'))
+        raise ValueError("Unknown Python implementation")

-        # run_with_env is a cmd file that sets the right environment variables
-        # to build on AppVeyor.
-        def shell(args, env=None, cwd=None):
-            # print the command executing for the logs
-            print('+ ' + ' '.join(args))
-            args = ['cmd', '/E:ON', '/V:ON', '/C', run_with_env] + args
-            return subprocess.check_call(' '.join(args), env=env, cwd=cwd)
+    assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(installation_path, 'python.exe'))

-    abs_project_dir = os.path.abspath(project_dir)
+    # set up PATH and environment variables for run_with_env
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    env['PYTHON_VERSION'] = python_configuration.version
+    env['PYTHON_ARCH'] = python_configuration.arch
+    env['PATH'] = os.pathsep.join([
+        installation_path,
+        os.path.join(installation_path, 'Scripts'),
+        env['PATH']
+    ])
+    # update env with results from CIBW_ENVIRONMENT
+    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
+
+    # for the logs - check we're running the right version of python
+    shell(['where', 'python'], env=env)
+    shell(['python', '--version'], env=env)
+    shell(['python', '-c', '"import struct; print(struct.calcsize(\'P\') * 8)"'], env=env)
+    where_python = subprocess.check_output(['where', 'python'], env=env, universal_newlines=True).splitlines()[0].strip()
+    if where_python != os.path.join(installation_path, 'python.exe'):
+        print("cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.", file=sys.stderr)
+        exit(1)
+
+    # make sure pip is installed
+    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(installation_path, 'Scripts', 'pip.exe')):
+        shell(['python', get_pip_script] + dependency_constraint_flags, env=env, cwd="C:\\cibw")
+    assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(installation_path, 'Scripts', 'pip.exe'))
+    where_pip = subprocess.check_output(['where', 'pip'], env=env, universal_newlines=True).splitlines()[0].strip()
+    if where_pip.strip() != os.path.join(installation_path, 'Scripts', 'pip.exe'):
+        print("cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.", file=sys.stderr)
+        exit(1)
+
+    # prepare the Python environment
+    shell(['python', '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--upgrade', 'pip'] + dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
+    shell(['pip', '--version'], env=env)
+    shell(['pip', 'install', '--upgrade', 'setuptools', 'wheel'] + dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
+
+    return env
+
+
+def build(options: BuildOptions):
    temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='cibuildwheel')
    built_wheel_dir = os.path.join(temp_dir, 'built_wheel')
+    repaired_wheel_dir = os.path.join(temp_dir, 'repaired_wheel')

    # install nuget as best way to provide python
    nuget = 'C:\\cibw\\nuget.exe'
    download('https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe', nuget)
-    # get pip fo this installation which not have.
-    get_pip_script = 'C:\\cibw\\get-pip.py'
-    download('https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py', get_pip_script)

-    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(build_selector)
+    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(options.build_selector)
    for config in python_configurations:
-        config_python_path = get_python_path(config)
-        simple_shell([nuget, "install"] + get_nuget_args(config))
-        if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(config_python_path, 'Scripts', 'pip.exe')):
-            simple_shell([os.path.join(config_python_path, 'python.exe'), get_pip_script ])
+        dependency_constraint_flags = []
+        if options.dependency_constraints:
+            dependency_constraint_flags = [
+                '-c', options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version)
+            ]

-        # check python & pip exist for this configuration
-        assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(config_python_path, 'python.exe'))
-        assert os.path.exists(os.path.join(config_python_path, 'Scripts', 'pip.exe'))
-
-        # setup dirs
-        if os.path.exists(built_wheel_dir):
-            shutil.rmtree(built_wheel_dir)
-        os.makedirs(built_wheel_dir)
-
-        env = os.environ.copy()
-        # set up environment variables for run_with_env
-        env['PYTHON_VERSION'] = config.version
-        env['PYTHON_ARCH'] = config.arch
-        env['PATH'] = os.pathsep.join([
-            config_python_path,
-            os.path.join(config_python_path, 'Scripts'),
-            env['PATH']
-        ])
-        env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
-
-        # for the logs - check we're running the right version of python
-        shell(['python', '--version'], env=env)
-        shell(['python', '-c', '"import struct; print(struct.calcsize(\'P\') * 8)\"'], env=env)
-
-        # prepare the Python environment
-        shell(['python', '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--upgrade', 'pip'], env=env)
-        shell(['pip', 'install', '--upgrade', 'setuptools'], env=env)
-        shell(['pip', 'install', 'wheel'], env=env)
+        # install Python
+        env = setup_python(config, dependency_constraint_flags, options.environment)

        # run the before_build command
-        if before_build:
-            before_build_prepared = prepare_command(before_build, project=abs_project_dir)
+        if options.before_build:
+            before_build_prepared = prepare_command(options.before_build, project='.', package=options.package_dir)
            shell([before_build_prepared], env=env)

        # build the wheel
-        shell(['pip', 'wheel', abs_project_dir, '-w', built_wheel_dir, '--no-deps'] + get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_verbosity), env=env)
-        built_wheel = glob(built_wheel_dir+'/*.whl')[0]
+        if os.path.exists(built_wheel_dir):
+            shutil.rmtree(built_wheel_dir)
+        os.makedirs(built_wheel_dir)
+        shell(['pip', 'wheel', options.package_dir, '-w', built_wheel_dir, '--no-deps'] + get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(options.build_verbosity), env=env)
+        built_wheel = glob(os.path.join(built_wheel_dir, '*.whl'))[0]

-        if test_command:
+        # repair the wheel
+        if os.path.exists(repaired_wheel_dir):
+            shutil.rmtree(repaired_wheel_dir)
+        os.makedirs(repaired_wheel_dir)
+        if built_wheel.endswith('none-any.whl') or not options.repair_command:
+            # pure Python wheel or empty repair command
+            shutil.move(built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir)
+        else:
+            repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir)
+            shell([repair_command_prepared], env=env)
+        repaired_wheel = glob(os.path.join(repaired_wheel_dir, '*.whl'))[0]
+
+        if options.test_command:
            # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
            # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-            shell(['pip', 'install', 'virtualenv'], env=env)
+            shell(['pip', 'install', 'virtualenv'] + dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
            venv_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
-            shell(['python', '-m', 'virtualenv', venv_dir], env=env)
+
+            # Use --no-download to ensure determinism by using seed libraries
+            # built into virtualenv
+            shell(['python', '-m', 'virtualenv', '--no-download', venv_dir], env=env)

            virtualenv_env = env.copy()
+
+            venv_script_path = os.path.join(venv_dir, 'Scripts')
+            if os.path.exists(os.path.join(venv_dir, 'bin')):
+                # pypy2.7 bugfix
+                venv_script_path = os.pathsep.join([venv_script_path, os.path.join(venv_dir, 'bin')])
            virtualenv_env['PATH'] = os.pathsep.join([
-                os.path.join(venv_dir, 'Scripts'),
+                venv_script_path,
                virtualenv_env['PATH'],
            ])
+            virtualenv_env["__CIBW_VIRTUALENV_PATH__"] = venv_dir

            # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
            shell(['which', 'python'], env=virtualenv_env)

+            if options.before_test:
+                before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
+                    options.before_test,
+                    project='.',
+                    package=options.package_dir
+                )
+                shell([before_test_prepared], env=virtualenv_env)
+
            # install the wheel
-            shell(['pip', 'install', built_wheel + test_extras], env=virtualenv_env)
+            shell(['pip', 'install', repaired_wheel + options.test_extras], env=virtualenv_env)

            # test the wheel
-            if test_requires:
-                shell(['pip', 'install'] + test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)
+            if options.test_requires:
+                shell(['pip', 'install'] + options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)

            # run the tests from c:\, with an absolute path in the command
            # (this ensures that Python runs the tests against the installed wheel
            # and not the repo code)
-            test_command_prepared = prepare_command(test_command, project=abs_project_dir)
+            test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
+                options.test_command,
+                project=os.path.abspath('.'),
+                package=os.path.abspath(options.package_dir)
+            )
            shell([test_command_prepared], cwd='c:\\', env=virtualenv_env)

            # clean up
            shutil.rmtree(venv_dir)

        # we're all done here; move it to output (remove if already exists)
-        dst = os.path.join(output_dir, os.path.basename(built_wheel))
+        dst = os.path.join(options.output_dir, os.path.basename(repaired_wheel))
        if os.path.isfile(dst):
            os.remove(dst)
-        shutil.move(built_wheel, dst)
+        shutil.move(repaired_wheel, dst)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+title: Modern C++ standards
+---
+
+Building Python wheels with modern C++ standards (C++11 and later) requires a few tricks.
+
+
+## Python 2.7 and C++17
+
+The Python 2.7 header files use the `register` keyword, which is [reserved and unused from C+17 onwards](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/register). Compiling a wheel for Python 2.7 with the C++17 standard is still possible to allow usage of `register` using proper flag `-Wno-register` for gcc/clang and `/wd5033` for MSVC.
+
+## manylinux1 and C++14
+The default `manylinux1` image (based on CentOS 5) contains a version of GCC and libstdc++ that only supports C++11 and earlier standards. There are however ways to compile wheels with the C++14 standard (and later): https://github.com/pypa/manylinux/issues/118
+
+`manylinux2010` and `manylinux2014` are newer and support all C++ standards (up to C++17).
+
+## macOS and deployment target versions
+
+OS X/macOS allows you to specify a so-called "deployment target" version that will ensure backwards compatibility with older versions of macOS. One way to do this is by setting the `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` environment variable.
+
+However, to enable modern C++ standards, the deploment target needs to be set high enough (since older OS X/macOS versions did not have the necessary modern C++ standard library).
+
+To get C++11 and C++14 support, `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` needs to be set to (at least) `"10.9"`. By default, `cibuildwheel` already does this, building 64-bit-only wheels for macOS 10.9 and later.
+
+To get C++17 support, Xcode 9.3+ is needed, requiring at least macOS 10.13 on the build machine. To use C++17 library features and link against the C++ runtime library, set `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` to `"10.13"` or `"10.14"` (or higher) - macOS 10.13 offers partial C++17 support (e.g., the filesystem header is in experimental, offering `#include <experimental/filesystem>` instead of `#include <filesystem>`); macOS 10.14 has full C++17 support.
+
+However, if only C++17 compiler and standard template library (STL) features are used (not needing a C++17 runtime) it might be possible to set `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` to a lower value, such as `"10.9"`. To find out if this is the case, try compiling and running with a lower `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET`: if C++17 features are used that require a more recent deployment target, building the wheel should fail.
+
+For more details see https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xcode, and https://xcodereleases.com/: Xcode 10 needs macOS 10.13 and Xcode 11 needs macOS 10.14.
+
+## Windows and Python 2.7
+
+Visual C++ for Python 2.7 does not support modern standards of C++. When building on Appveyor, you will need to either use the "Visual Studio 2017" or "Visual Studio 2019" image, but Python 2.7 is not supported on these images - skip it by setting `CIBW_SKIP=cp27-win*`.
+
+There is an optional workaround for this, though: the pybind11 project argues and shows that it is [possible to compile Python 2.7 extension with a newer compiler](https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq.html#working-with-ancient-visual-studio-2008-builds-on-windows) and has an example project showing how to do this: https://github.com/pybind/python_example. The main catch is that a user might need to install a newer "Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable", since the newer C++ standard libraries are not included by default with the Python 2.7 installation.
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Linux wheels are built in the [`manylinux` docker images](https://github.com/pyp

 - The project directory is mounted in the running Docker instance as `/project`, the output directory for the wheels as `/output`. In general, this is handled transparently by `cibuildwheel`. For a more finegrained level of control however, the root of the host file system is mounted as `/host`, allowing for example to access shared files, caches, etc. on the host file system.  Note that this is not available on CircleCI due to their Docker policies.

- Alternative dockers images can be specified with the `CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE` and `CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE` options to allow for a custom, preconfigured build environment for the Linux builds. See [options](options.md#manylinux-image) for more details.
+- Alternative dockers images can be specified with the `CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE`, and `CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE` options to allow for a custom, preconfigured build environment for the Linux builds. See [options](options.md#manylinux-image) for more details.

 ### Building packages with optional C extensions

@@ -37,3 +37,27 @@ myextension = Extension(
    optional=os.environ.get('CIBUILDWHEEL', '0') != '1',
 )
 ```
+
+### 'No module named XYZ' errors after running cibuildwheel on macOS
+
+`cibuildwheel` on Mac installs the distributions from Python.org system-wide during its operation. This is necessary, but it can cause some confusing errors after cibuildwheel has finished.
+
+Consider the build script:
+
+```bash
+python3 -m pip install twine cibuildwheel
+python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
+# error: no module named 'twine'
+```
+
+This doesn't work because while `cibuildwheel` was running, it installed a few new versions of 'python3', so the `python3` run on line 3 isn't the same as the `python3` that ran on line 1.
+
+Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to install tools immediately before they're used:
+
+```bash
+python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel
+python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+python3 -m pip install twine
+python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
+```
@@ -1,6 +1,24 @@
-import mkdocs, re, os, io, cgi
+import cgi
+import io
+import os
+import re

-TAG_REGEX_PATTERN = re.compile(
+import mkdocs
+
+INCLUDE_TAG_REGEX = re.compile(
+    r'''
+        {% # opening tag
+        \s*
+        include # directive name
+        \s+
+        "(?P<filename>[^"]+)" # "filename"
+        \s*
+        %} # closing tag
+    ''',
+    flags=re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+INCLUDEMARKDOWN_TAG_REGEX = re.compile(
    r'''
        {% # opening tag
        \s*
@@ -15,11 +33,29 @@ TAG_REGEX_PATTERN = re.compile(
    flags=re.VERBOSE,
 )

+
 class ImportMarkdownPlugin(mkdocs.plugins.BasePlugin):
    def on_page_markdown(self, markdown, page, **kwargs):
        page_src_path = page.file.abs_src_path

-        def found_import_markdown_tag(match):
+        def found_include_tag(match):
+            filename = match.group('filename')
+
+            file_path_abs = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(page_src_path), filename)
+
+            if not os.path.exists(file_path_abs):
+                raise ValueError('file not found', filename)
+
+            with io.open(file_path_abs, encoding='utf8') as f:
+                text_to_include = f.read()
+
+            # Allow good practice of having a final newline in the file
+            if text_to_include.endswith('\n'):
+                text_to_include = text_to_include[:-1]
+
+            return text_to_include
+
+        def found_includemarkdown_tag(match):
            filename = match.group('filename')
            start = match.group('start')
            end = match.group('end')
@@ -31,21 +67,21 @@ class ImportMarkdownPlugin(mkdocs.plugins.BasePlugin):

            with io.open(file_path_abs, encoding='utf8') as f:
                text_to_include = f.read()
-            
+
            if start:
                _, _, text_to_include = text_to_include.partition(start)

            if end:
                text_to_include, _, _ = text_to_include.partition(end)
-            
+
            return (
-                '<!-- BEGIN INCLUDE %s %s %s -->' % (
-                    filename, cgi.escape(start), cgi.escape(end)
+                '<!-- BEGIN INCLUDE %s %s %s -->\n' % (
+                    filename, cgi.escape(start or ''), cgi.escape(end or '')
                )
                + text_to_include
-                + '<!-- END INCLUDE -->'
+                + '\n<!-- END INCLUDE -->'
            )

-        markdown = re.sub(TAG_REGEX_PATTERN, found_import_markdown_tag, markdown)
+        markdown = re.sub(INCLUDE_TAG_REGEX, found_include_tag, markdown)
+        markdown = re.sub(INCLUDEMARKDOWN_TAG_REGEX, found_includemarkdown_tag, markdown)
        return markdown
-    
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@

 ## Setting options

-cibuildwheel is configured using environment variables, that can be set using 
+cibuildwheel is configured using environment variables, that can be set using
 your CI config.

 For example, to configure cibuildwheel to run tests, add the following YAML to
@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ your CI config file:
 ```yaml
 env:
  global:
-    - CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES=nose
-    - CIBW_TEST_COMMAND="nosetests {project}/tests"
+    - CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES=pytest
+    - CIBW_TEST_COMMAND="pytest {project}/tests"
 ```

 > appveyor.yml ([docs](https://www.appveyor.com/docs/build-configuration/#environment-variables))
 ```yaml
 environment:
  global:
-    CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: nose
-    CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "nosetests {project}\\tests"
+    CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
+    CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}\\tests"
 ```

 > .circleci/config.yml ([docs](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/configuration-reference/#environment))
@@ -31,15 +31,22 @@ environment:
 jobs:
  job_name:
    environment:
-      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: nose
-      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "nosetests {project}/tests"
+      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
+      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
 ```

 > azure-pipelines.yml ([docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/process/variables))
 ```yaml
 variables:
-  CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: nose
-  CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "nosetests {project}/tests"
+  CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
+  CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
+```
+
+> .github/workflows/*.yml ([docs](https://help.github.com/en/actions/configuring-and-managing-workflows/using-environment-variables)) (can be global, in job, or in step)
+```yaml
+env:
+  CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
+  CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
 ```


@@ -56,7 +63,7 @@ Default: `auto`

 `auto` will auto-detect platform using environment variables, such as `TRAVIS_OS_NAME`/`APPVEYOR`/`CIRCLECI`.

-For `linux` you need Docker running, on Mac or Linux. For `macos`, you need a Mac machine, and note that this script is going to automatically install MacPython on your system, so don't run on your development machine. For `windows`, you need to run in Windows, and it will build and test for all versions of Python at `C:\PythonXX[-x64]`.
+For `linux` you need Docker running, on macOS or Linux. For `macos`, you need a Mac machine, and note that this script is going to automatically install MacPython on your system, so don't run on your development machine. For `windows`, you need to run in Windows, and `cibuildwheel` will install required versions of Python to `C:\cibw\python` using NuGet.

 This option can also be set using the command-line option `--platform`.

@@ -64,25 +71,29 @@ This option can also be set using the command-line option `--platform`.

 > Choose the Python versions to build

-Space-separated list of builds to build and skip. Each build has an identifier like `cp27-manylinux_x86_64` or `cp35-macosx_10_6_intel` - you can list specific ones to build and `cibuildwheel` will only build those, and/or list ones to skip and `cibuildwheel` won't try to build them.
+Space-separated list of builds to build and skip. Each build has an identifier like `cp27-manylinux_x86_64` or `cp35-macosx_x86_64` - you can list specific ones to build and `cibuildwheel` will only build those, and/or list ones to skip and `cibuildwheel` won't try to build them.

 When both options are specified, both conditions are applied and only builds with a tag that matches `CIBW_BUILD` and does not match `CIBW_SKIP` will be built.

-When setting the options, you can use shell-style globbing syntax (as per `fnmatch`). All the build identifiers supported by cibuildwheel are shown below:
+When setting the options, you can use shell-style globbing syntax (as per [`fnmatch`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/fnmatch.html)). All the build identifiers supported by cibuildwheel are shown below:

 <div class="build-id-table-marker"></div>

-|            | macOS 64bit             | macOS 32/64bit         | Manylinux 64bit        | Manylinux 32bit      | Windows 64bit   | Windows 32bit  |
-|------------|-------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|----------------------|-----------------|----------------|
-| Python 2.7 |                         | cp27-macosx_10_6_intel | cp27-manylinux_x86_64  | cp27-manylinux_i686  | cp27-win_amd64  | cp27-win32     |
-| Python 3.5 |                         | cp35-macosx_10_6_intel | cp35-manylinux_x86_64  | cp35-manylinux_i686  | cp35-win_amd64  | cp35-win32     |
-| Python 3.6 |                         | cp36-macosx_10_6_intel | cp36-manylinux_x86_64  | cp36-manylinux_i686  | cp36-win_amd64  | cp36-win32     |
-| Python 3.7 |                         | cp37-macosx_10_6_intel | cp37-manylinux_x86_64  | cp37-manylinux_i686  | cp37-win_amd64  | cp37-win32     |
-| Python 3.8 | cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64 |                        | cp38-manylinux_x86_64  | cp38-manylinux_i686  | cp38-win_amd64  | cp38-win32     |
+|                 | macOS 64bit         | Manylinux x86 64bit    | Manylinux x86 32bit  | Windows 64bit   | Windows 32bit  | Manylinux Armv8 64bit  | Manylinux PPC64LE      | Manylinux s390x      |
+|-----------------|---------------------|------------------------|----------------------|-----------------|----------------|------------------------|------------------------|----------------------|
+| Python 2.7      | cp27-macosx_x86_64  | cp27-manylinux_x86_64  | cp27-manylinux_i686  | cp27-win_amd64  | cp27-win32     |                        |                        |                      |
+| Python 3.5      | cp35-macosx_x86_64  | cp35-manylinux_x86_64  | cp35-manylinux_i686  | cp35-win_amd64  | cp35-win32     | cp35-manylinux_aarch64 | cp35-manylinux_ppc64le | cp35-manylinux_s390x |
+| Python 3.6      | cp36-macosx_x86_64  | cp36-manylinux_x86_64  | cp36-manylinux_i686  | cp36-win_amd64  | cp36-win32     | cp36-manylinux_aarch64 | cp36-manylinux_ppc64le | cp36-manylinux_s390x |
+| Python 3.7      | cp37-macosx_x86_64  | cp37-manylinux_x86_64  | cp37-manylinux_i686  | cp37-win_amd64  | cp37-win32     | cp37-manylinux_aarch64 | cp37-manylinux_ppc64le | cp37-manylinux_s390x |
+| Python 3.8      | cp38-macosx_x86_64  | cp38-manylinux_x86_64  | cp38-manylinux_i686  | cp38-win_amd64  | cp38-win32     | cp38-manylinux_aarch64 | cp38-manylinux_ppc64le | cp38-manylinux_s390x |
+| PyPy 2.7 v7.3.0 | pp27-macosx_x86_64  | pp27-manylinux_x86_64  |                      |                 | pp27-win32     |                        |                        |                      |
+| PyPy 3.6 v7.3.0 | pp36-macosx_x86_64  | pp36-manylinux_x86_64  |                      |                 | pp36-win32     |                        |                        |                      |

 The list of supported and currently selected build identifiers can also be retrieved by passing the `--print-build-identifiers` flag to `cibuildwheel`.
 The format is `python_tag-platform_tag`, with tags similar to those in [PEP 425](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0425/#details).

+For CPython, the minimally supported macOS version is 10.9; for PyPy 2.7 and PyPy 3.6, respectively macOS 10.7 and 10.13 or higher is required.
+
 #### Examples

 ```yaml
@@ -90,10 +101,10 @@ The format is `python_tag-platform_tag`, with tags similar to those in [PEP 425]
 CIBW_BUILD: cp36-*

 # Skip building on Python 2.7 on the Mac
-CIBW_SKIP: cp27-macosx_10_6_intel
+CIBW_SKIP: cp27-macosx_x86_64

 # Skip building on Python 3.8 on the Mac
-CIBW_SKIP: cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64
+CIBW_SKIP: cp38-macosx_x86_64

 # Skip building on Python 2.7 on all platforms
 CIBW_SKIP: cp27-*
@@ -113,6 +124,12 @@ CIBW_SKIP: cp36-manylinux*
 # Only build on Python 3 and skip 32-bit builds
 CIBW_BUILD: cp3?-*
 CIBW_SKIP: "*-win32 *-manylinux_i686"
+
+# Only build PyPy and CPython 3
+CIBW_BUILD: pp* cp3?-*
+
+# Disable building PyPy wheels on all platforms
+CIBW_SKIP: pp*
 ```

 <style>
@@ -120,7 +137,7 @@ CIBW_SKIP: "*-win32 *-manylinux_i686"
    font-size: 90%;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
-  .rst-content .build-id-table-marker + table td, 
+  .rst-content .build-id-table-marker + table td,
  .rst-content .build-id-table-marker + table th {
    padding: 4px 4px;
  }
@@ -148,6 +165,11 @@ You must set this variable to pass variables to Linux builds (since they execute

 You can use `$PATH` syntax to insert other variables, or the `$(pwd)` syntax to insert the output of other shell commands.

+To specify more than one environment variable, separate the assignments by spaces.
+
+Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
+`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_MACOS` | `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_LINUX`
+
 #### Examples
 ```yaml
 # Set some compiler flags
@@ -161,10 +183,10 @@ CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: "BUILD_TIME=$(date)"

 # Supply options to `pip` to affect how it downloads dependencies
 CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: "PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL=https://pypi.myorg.com/simple"
-```

-Platform-specific variants also available:  
-`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_MACOS` | `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_LINUX`
+# Set two flags
+CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: "BUILD_TIME=$(date) SAMPLE_TEXT=\"sample text\""
+```

 !!! note
    `cibuildwheel` always defines the environment variable `CIBUILDWHEEL=1`. This can be useful for [building wheels with optional extensions](faq.md#building-packages-with-optional-c-extensions).
@@ -177,7 +199,12 @@ A shell command to run before building the wheel. This option allows you to run

 If dependencies are required to build your wheel (for example if you include a header from a Python module), set this to `pip install .`, and the dependencies will be installed automatically by pip. However, this means your package will be built twice - if your package takes a long time to build, you might wish to manually list the dependencies here instead.

-The active Python binary can be accessed using `python`, and pip with `pip`; `cibuildwheel` makes sure the right version of Python and pip will be executed. `{project}` can be used as a placeholder for the absolute path to the project's root.
+The active Python binary can be accessed using `python`, and pip with `pip`; `cibuildwheel` makes sure the right version of Python and pip will be executed. The placeholder `{package}` can be used here; it will be replaced by the path to the package being built by `cibuildwheel`.
+
+The command is run in a shell, so you can write things like `cmd1 && cmd2`.
+
+Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
+ `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_MACOS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_LINUX`

 #### Examples
 ```yaml
@@ -189,43 +216,150 @@ CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: pip install pybind11

 # chain commands using &&
 CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: yum install -y libffi-dev && pip install .
+
+# run a script that's inside your project
+CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: bash scripts/prepare_for_build.sh
+
+# if cibuildwheel is called with a package_dir argument, it's available as {package}
+CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD: "{package}/bin/prepare_for_build.sh"
 ```

-Platform-specific variants also available:  
- `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_MACOS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_LINUX`
+
+### `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND` {: #repair-wheel-command}
+> Execute a shell command to repair each (non-pure Python) built wheel
+
+Default:
+
+- on Linux: `'auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'`
+- on macOS: `'delocate-listdeps {wheel} && delocate-wheel --require-archs x86_64 -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'`
+- on Windows: `''`
+
+A shell command to repair a built wheel by copying external library dependencies into the wheel tree and relinking them.
+The command is run on each built wheel (except for pure Python ones) before testing it.
+
+The following placeholders must be used inside the command and will be replaced by `cibuildwheel`:
+
+- `{wheel}` for the absolute path to the built wheel
+- `{dest_dir}` for the absolute path of the directory where to create the repaired wheel.
+
+The command is run in a shell, so you can run multiple commands like `cmd1 && cmd2`.
+
+Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
+`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_MACOS` | `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_LINUX`
+
+#### Examples
+
+```yaml
+# don't repair macOS wheels
+CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_MACOS: ""
+
+# pass the `--lib-sdir .` flag to auditwheel on Linux
+CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_LINUX: "auditwheel repair --lib-sdir . -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
+```


-### `CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE` {: #manylinux-image}
-> Specify alternative manylinux docker images 
+### `CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_PPC64LE_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_S390X_IMAGE` {: #manylinux-image}
+> Specify alternative manylinux docker images

-An alternative Docker image to be used for building [`manylinux`](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) wheels. `cibuildwheel` will then pull these instead of the default images, [`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64) and [`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686).
+An alternative Docker image to be used for building [`manylinux`](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) wheels. `cibuildwheel` will then pull these instead of the default images, [`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64), [`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686), [`pypywheels/manylinux2010-pypy_x86_64`](https://hub.docker.com/r/pypywheels/manylinux2010-pypy_x86_64), [`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64), [`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le), and [`quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x`](https://quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_s390x).

-The value of this option can either be set to `manylinux1` or `manylinux2010` to use the [official `manylinux` images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux), or any other valid Docker image name.
+The value of this option can either be set to `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010` or `manylinux2014` to use a pinned version of the [official `manylinux` images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) and [PyPy `manylinux` images](https://github.com/pypy/manylinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name. Note that for PyPy, only the official `manylinux2010` image is currently available. For architectures other
+than x86 (x86\_64 and i686) manylinux2014 must be used because this is the first version of the manylinux specification that supports additional architectures.

-Beware to specify a valid Docker image that can be used in the same way as the official, default Docker images: all necessary Python and pip versions need to be present in `/opt/python/`, and the `auditwheel` tool needs to be present for `cibuildwheel` to work. Apart from that, the architecture and relevant shared system libraries need to be manylinux1- or manylinux2010-compatible in order to produce valid `manylinux1`/`manylinux2010` wheels (see https://github.com/pypa/manylinux, [PEP 513](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0513/), and [PEP 571](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/) for more details).
+Beware to specify a valid Docker image that can be used in the same way as the official, default Docker images: all necessary Python and pip versions need to be present in `/opt/python/`, and the `auditwheel` tool needs to be present for `cibuildwheel` to work. Apart from that, the architecture and relevant shared system libraries need to be manylinux1-, manylinux2010- or manylinux2014-compatible in order to produce valid `manylinux1`/`manylinux2010`/`manylinux2014` wheels (see [pypa/manylinux on GitHub](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux), [PEP 513](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0513/), [PEP 571](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/) and [PEP 599](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0599/) for more details).

-Note that `auditwheel` detects the version of the `manylinux` standard in the Docker image through the `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, as `cibuildwheel` has no way of detecting the correct `--plat` command line argument to pass to `auditwheel` for a custom image. If a Docker image does not correctly set this `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, the `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` option can be used to do so (e.g., `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT="manylinux2010_$(uname -m)"`).
+Note that `auditwheel` detects the version of the `manylinux` standard in the Docker image through the `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, as `cibuildwheel` has no way of detecting the correct `--plat` command line argument to pass to `auditwheel` for a custom image. If a Docker image does not correctly set this `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, the `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` option can be used to do so (e.g., `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT='AUDITWHEEL_PLAT="manylinux2010_$(uname -m)"'`).
+
+Note that `manylinux2014` doesn't support builds with Python 2.7 - when building with `manylinux2014`, skip Python 2.7 using `CIBW_SKIP` (see example below).

 #### Examples

 ```yaml
 # build using the manylinux1 image to ensure manylinux1 wheels are produced
+# skip PyPy, since there is no PyPy manylinux1 image
 CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: manylinux1
 CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE: manylinux1
+CIBW_SKIP: pp*
+
+# build using the manylinux2014 image
+CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: manylinux2014
+CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE: manylinux2014
+CIBW_SKIP: cp27-manylinux*
+
+# build using the latest manylinux2010 release, instead of the cibuildwheel
+# pinned version
+CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:latest
+CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE: quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:latest

 # build using a different image from the docker registry
 CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: dockcross/manylinux-x64
 CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE: dockcross/manylinux-x86
 ```

+### `CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS` {: #dependency-versions}
+> Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses
+
+Options: `pinned` `latest` `<your constraints file>`
+
+Default: `pinned`
+
+If `CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS` is `pinned`, cibuildwheel uses versions of tools
+like `pip`, `setuptools`, `virtualenv` that were pinned with that release of
+cibuildwheel. This represents a known-good set of dependencies, and is
+recommended for build repeatability.
+
+If set to `latest`, cibuildwheel will use the latest of these packages that
+are available on PyPI. This might be preferable if these packages have bug
+fixes that can't wait for a new cibuildwheel release.
+
+To control the versions of dependencies yourself, you can supply a [pip
+constraints](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#constraints-files) file
+here and it will be used instead.
+
+!!! note
+    If you need different dependencies for each python version, provide them
+    in the same folder with a `-pythonXY` suffix. e.g. if your
+    `CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS=./constraints.txt`, cibuildwheel will use
+    `./constraints-python27.txt` on Python 2.7, or fallback to
+    `./constraints.txt` if that's not found.
+
+Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
+`CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS_MACOS` | `CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS_WINDOWS`
+
+!!! note
+    This option does not affect the tools used on the Linux build - those versions
+    are bundled with the manylinux image that cibuildwheel uses. To change
+    dependency versions on Linux, use the [CIBW_MANYLINUX_*](#manylinux-image)
+    options.
+
+#### Examples
+
+```yaml
+# use tools versions that are bundled with cibuildwheel (this is the default)
+CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS: pinned
+
+# use the latest versions available on PyPI
+CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS: latest
+
+# use your own pip constraints file
+CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS: ./constraints.txt
+```
+
+
 ## Testing

 ### `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND` {: #test-command}
-> Execute a shell command to test all built wheels
+> Execute a shell command to test each built wheel

-Shell command to run tests after the build. The wheel will be installed automatically and available for import from the tests. `{project}` can be used as a placeholder for the absolute path to the project's root and will be replaced by `cibuildwheel`.
+Shell command to run tests after the build. The wheel will be installed automatically and available for import from the tests. To ensure the wheel is imported by your tests (instead of your source copy), tests are run from a different directory. Use the placeholders `{project}` and `{package}` when specifying paths in your project.

-On Linux and Mac, the command runs in a shell, so you can write things like `cmd1 && cmd2`. 
+- `{project}` is an absolute path to the project root - the working directory where cibuildwheel was called.
+- `{package}` is the path to the package being built - the `package_dir` argument supplied to cibuildwheel on the command line.
+
+The command is run in a shell, so you can write things like `cmd1 && cmd2`.
+
+Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
+`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_LINUX`

 #### Examples

@@ -233,31 +367,29 @@ On Linux and Mac, the command runs in a shell, so you can write things like `cmd
 # run the project tests against the installed wheel using `nose`
 CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: nosetests {project}/tests

-# run the project tests using `pytest`
-CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: nosetests {project}/tests
+# run the package tests using `pytest`
+CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: pytest {package}/tests
 ```

-Platform-specific variants also available:  
-`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_LINUX`
-

 ### `CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES` {: #test-requires}
 > Install Python dependencies before running the tests

 Space-separated list of dependencies required for running the tests.

+Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
+`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_LINUX`
+
 #### Examples

 ```yaml
 # install pytest before running CIBW_TEST_COMMAND
-CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest  
+CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest

 # install specific versions of test dependencies
 CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: nose==1.3.7 moto==0.4.31
 ```

-Platform-specific variants also available:  
-`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_LINUX`

 ### `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS` {: #test-extras}
 > Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require`
@@ -269,15 +401,43 @@ tests. This can be used to avoid having to redefine test dependencies in
 `CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES` if they are already defined in `setup.py` or
 `setup.cfg`.

+Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
+`CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_LINUX`
+
 #### Examples

 ```yaml
 # will cause the wheel to be installed with `pip install <wheel_file>[test,qt]`
-CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS: test,qt 
+CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS: test,qt
 ```

-Platform-specific variants also available:  
-`CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_MACOS` | `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_LINUX`
+### `CIBW_BEFORE_TEST` {: #before-test}
+> Execute a shell command before testing each wheel
+
+A shell command to run in **each** test virtual environment, before your wheel is installed and tested. This is useful if you need to install a non pip package, change values of environment variables
+or perform multi step pip installation (e.g. installing `scikit-build` or `cython` before install test package)
+
+The active Python binary can be accessed using `python`, and pip with `pip`; `cibuildwheel` makes sure the right version of Python and pip will be executed. The placeholder `{package}` can be used here; it will be replaced by the path to the package being built by `cibuildwheel`.
+
+The command is run in a shell, so you can write things like `cmd1 && cmd2`.
+
+Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
+ `CIBW_BEFORE_TEST_MACOS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_TEST_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_TEST_LINUX`
+
+#### Examples
+```yaml
+# install test dependencies with overwritten environment variables.
+CIBW_BEFORE_TEST: CC=gcc CXX=g++ pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+# chain commands using &&
+CIBW_BEFORE_TEST: rm -rf ./data/cache && mkdir -p ./data/cache
+
+# install non pip python package
+CIBW_BEFORE_TEST: cd some_dir; ./configure; make; make install
+
+# install python packages that are required to install test dependencies
+CIBW_BEFORE_TEST: pip install cmake scikit-build
+```

 ## Other

@@ -286,6 +446,9 @@ Platform-specific variants also available:

 An number from 1 to 3 to increase the level of verbosity (corresponding to invoking pip with `-v`, `-vv`, and `-vvv`), between -1 and -3 (`-q`, `-qq`, and `-qqq`), or just 0 (default verbosity). These flags are useful while debugging a build when the output of the actual build invoked by `pip wheel` is required.

+Platform-specific variants also available:<br/>
+`CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_MACOS` | `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_LINUX`
+
 #### Examples

 ```yaml
@@ -293,21 +456,22 @@ An number from 1 to 3 to increase the level of verbosity (corresponding to invok
 CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY: 1
 ```

-Platform-specific variants also available:  
-`CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_MACOS` | `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_LINUX`

 ## Command line options

 ```text
 usage: cibuildwheel [-h] [--platform {auto,linux,macos,windows}]
                    [--output-dir OUTPUT_DIR] [--print-build-identifiers]
-                    [project_dir]
-    
+                    [package_dir]
+
 Build wheels for all the platforms.

 positional arguments:
-  project_dir           Path to the project that you want wheels for.
-                        Default: the current directory.
+  package_dir           Path to the package that you want wheels for. Must be
+                        a subdirectory of the working directory. When set, the
+                        working directory is still considered the 'project'
+                        and is copied into the Docker container on Linux.
+                        Default: the working directory.

 optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
@@ -318,13 +482,12 @@ optional arguments:
                        automatically install MacPython on your system, so
                        don't run on your development machine. For "windows",
                        you need to run in Windows, and it will build and test
-                        for all versions of Python at C:\PythonXX[-x64].
+                        for all versions of Python. Default: auto.
  --output-dir OUTPUT_DIR
                        Destination folder for the wheels.
  --print-build-identifiers
                        Print the build identifiers matched by the current
                        invocation and exit.
-
 ```

 <style>
@@ -381,7 +544,7 @@ optional arguments:

        options[header].push({name: optionName, description, id});
      });
-    
+
    // write the table of contents

    var tocTable = $('.options-toc');
@@ -2,82 +2,42 @@
 title: 'Setup'
 ---

+# GitHub Actions [linux/mac/windows] {: #github-actions}
+
+To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using Github Actions, create a `.github/workflows/build.yml` file in your repo.
+
+> build.yml
+```yaml
+{% include "../examples/github-minimal.yml" %}
+```
+
+Commit this file, and push to Github - either to your default branch, or to a PR branch. The build should start automatically.
+
+For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://help.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions).
+
 # Azure Pipelines [linux/mac/windows] {: #azure-pipelines}

-Using Azure pipelines, you can build all three platforms on the same service. Create a `azure-pipelines.yml` file in your repo.
+To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on Azure Pipelines, create a `azure-pipelines.yml` file in your repo.

 > azure-pipelines.yml
 ```yaml
-jobs:
- job: linux
-  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-16.04'}
-  steps: 
-    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
-    - bash: |
-        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==1.0.0
-        cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
-    - task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
-      inputs: {pathtoPublish: 'wheelhouse'}
- job: macos
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-10.13'}
-  steps: 
-    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
-    - bash: |
-        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==1.0.0
-        cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
-    - task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
-      inputs: {pathtoPublish: 'wheelhouse'}
- job: windows
-  pool: {vmImage: 'vs2017-win2016'}
-  steps: 
-    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
-    - script: choco install vcpython27 -f -y
-      displayName: Install Visual C++ for Python 2.7
-    - bash: |
-        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==1.0.0
-        cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
-    - task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
-      inputs: {pathtoPublish: 'wheelhouse'}
+{% include "../examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml" %}
 ```

+!!! note
+    To support Python 3.5 on Windows, make sure to specify the use of `{vmImage: 'vs2017-win2016'}` on Windows, to ensure the required toolchain is available.
+
 Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Azure Pipelines, and push.

 Wheels will be stored for you and available through the Pipelines interface. For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/yaml-schema).

-# Travis CI [linux/mac] {: #travis-ci}
+# Travis CI [linux/mac/windows] {: #travis-ci}

-To build Linux and Mac wheels on Travis CI, create a `.travis.yml` file in your repo.
+To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on Travis CI, create a `.travis.yml` file in your repo.

 > .travis.yml
 ```yaml
-language: python
-
-matrix:
-  include:
-    - sudo: required
-      services:
-        - docker
-      env: PIP=pip
-    - os: osx
-      language: generic
-      env: PIP=pip2
-
-script:
-  - $PIP install cibuildwheel==1.0.0
-  - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-```
-
-To build on Windows too, add this matrix entry:
-```yaml
-    - os: windows
-      language: shell
-      before_install:
-        - choco install python3 --version 3.6.8 --no-progress -y
-      env:
-        - PATH=/c/Python36:/c/Python36/Scripts:$PATH
+{% include "../examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml" %}
 ```

 Note that building Windows Python 2.7 wheels on Travis is unsupported.
@@ -92,44 +52,7 @@ To build Linux and Mac wheels on CircleCI, create a `.circleci/config.yml` file

 > .circleci/config.yml
 ```yaml
-version: 2
-
-jobs:
-  linux-wheels:
-    working_directory: ~/linux-wheels
-    docker:
-      - image: circleci/python:3.6
-    steps:
-      - checkout
-      - setup_remote_docker
-      - run:
-          name: Build the Linux wheels.
-          command: |
-            pip install --user cibuildwheel==1.0.0
-            cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-      - store_artifacts:
-          path: wheelhouse/
-  
-  osx-wheels:
-    working_directory: ~/osx-wheels
-    macos:
-      xcode: "10.0.0"
-    steps:
-      - checkout
-      - run:
-          name: Build the OS X wheels.
-          command: |
-            pip install --user cibuildwheel==1.0.0
-            cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-      - store_artifacts:
-          path: wheelhouse/
-
-workflows:
-  version: 2
-  all-tests:
-    jobs:
-      - linux-wheels
-      - osx-wheels
+{% include "../examples/circleci-minimal.yml" %}
 ```

 Commit this file, enable building of your repo on CircleCI, and push.
@@ -139,19 +62,14 @@ Commit this file, enable building of your repo on CircleCI, and push.

 CircleCI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the project console. Check out the CircleCI [docs](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/configuration-reference/#section=configuration) for more info on this config file.

-# AppVeyor [windows] {: #appveyor}
+# AppVeyor [linux/mac/windows] {: #appveyor}

-To build Windows wheels on AppVeyor, create an `appveyor.yml` file in your repo.
+To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on AppVeyor, create an `appveyor.yml` file in your repo.

 > appveyor.yml

 ```yaml
-build_script:
-  - pip install cibuildwheel==1.0.0
-  - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-artifacts:
-  - path: "wheelhouse\\*.whl"
-    name: Wheels
+{% include "../examples/appveyor-minimal.yml" %}
 ```

 Commit this file, enable building of your repo on AppVeyor, and push.
@@ -162,7 +80,7 @@ For more info on this config file, check out the [docs](https://www.appveyor.com

 > ⚠️ Got an error? Check the [FAQ](faq.md).

-<script> 
+<script>
  document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
    $('.toctree-l2 a, .rst-content h1').each(function(i, el) {
      var text = $(el).text()
@@ -191,4 +109,4 @@ For more info on this config file, check out the [docs](https://www.appveyor.com
      }
    });
  });
-</script>
+</script>
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Ubuntu
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python37-x64-ubuntu"
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python37-x64-vs2015"
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: macos-mojave
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python37-x64-macos-mojave"
+
+stack: python 3.7
+
+init:
+- cmd: set PATH=C:\Python37;C:\Python37\Scripts;%PATH%
+
+install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.4.0
+
+build_script: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+
+artifacts:
+  - path: "wheelhouse\\*.whl"
+    name: Wheels
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+jobs:
+- job: linux
+  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-16.04'}
+  steps:
+    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
+    - bash: |
+        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==1.4.0
+        cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
+    - task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
+      inputs: {pathtoPublish: 'wheelhouse'}
+
+- job: macos
+  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-10.15'}
+  steps:
+    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
+    - bash: |
+        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==1.4.0
+        cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
+    - task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
+      inputs: {pathtoPublish: 'wheelhouse'}
+
+- job: windows
+  pool: {vmImage: 'vs2017-win2016'}
+  steps:
+    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
+    - script: choco install vcpython27 -f -y
+      displayName: Install Visual C++ for Python 2.7
+    - bash: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install cibuildwheel==1.4.0
+        cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
+    - task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
+      inputs: {pathtoPublish: 'wheelhouse'}
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+version: 2
+
+jobs:
+  linux-wheels:
+    working_directory: ~/linux-wheels
+    docker:
+      - image: circleci/python:3.6
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - setup_remote_docker
+      - run:
+          name: Build the Linux wheels.
+          command: |
+            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==1.4.0
+            cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+      - store_artifacts:
+          path: wheelhouse/
+
+  osx-wheels:
+    working_directory: ~/osx-wheels
+    macos:
+      xcode: "10.0.0"
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - run:
+          name: Build the OS X wheels.
+          command: |
+            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==1.4.0
+            cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+      - store_artifacts:
+          path: wheelhouse/
+
+workflows:
+  version: 2
+  all-tests:
+    jobs:
+      - linux-wheels
+      - osx-wheels
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+name: Build
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build_wheels:
+    name: Build wheel on ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-18.04, windows-latest, macos-latest]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+      name: Install Python
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.7'
+
+    - name: Install cibuildwheel
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.4.0
+
+    - name: Install Visual C++ for Python 2.7
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'windows')
+      run: |
+        choco install vcpython27 -f -y
+
+    - name: Build wheel
+      run: |
+        python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
+      with:
+        name: wheels
+        path: ./wheelhouse
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# As written, this configuration will build your wheels on every
+# commit, but will only push to PyPI on tagged commits.
+
+language: python
+
+jobs:
+  include:
+    # perform a linux build
+    - services: docker
+    # and a mac build
+    - os: osx
+      language: shell
+    # and a windows build
+    - os: windows
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - choco install python --version 3.8.0
+        - export PATH="/c/Python38:/c/Python38/Scripts:$PATH"
+        # make sure it's on PATH as 'python3'
+        - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
+
+env:
+  global:
+    - TWINE_USERNAME=__token__
+    # Note: TWINE_PASSWORD is set to a PyPI API token in Travis settings
+
+install:
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.4.0
+
+script:
+  # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'
+  - python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+
+after_success:
+  # if the release was tagged, upload them to PyPI
+  - |
+    if [[ $TRAVIS_TAG ]]; then
+      python3 -m pip install twine
+      python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
+    fi
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+language: python
+
+jobs:
+  include:
+    # perform a linux build
+    - services: docker
+    # perform a linux ARMv8 build
+    - services: docker
+      arch: arm64
+    # perform a linux PPC64LE build
+    - services: docker
+      arch: ppc64le
+    # perform a linux S390X build
+    - services: docker
+      arch: s390x
+    # and a mac build
+    - os: osx
+      language: shell
+    # and a windows build
+    - os: windows
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - choco install python --version 3.8.0
+        - export PATH="/c/Python38:/c/Python38/Scripts:$PATH"
+        # make sure it's on PATH as 'python3'
+        - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
+
+install:
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.4.0
+
+script:
+  # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'
+  - python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# In this configuration, the package is tested against multiple versions of python
+# on Linux and on one version of Python on Windows. If and only if all tests pass
+# will the wheels be built and deployed. Further, deployment is only initiated if
+# the current branch is "master", the current commit is tagged, and the current
+# repo is yours (e.g. it won't run on a Pull Request). For convenience, a source
+# distribution is also created.
+
+language: python
+python:
+  - 3.5
+  - 3.6
+  - 3.7
+  - 3.8
+
+before_install:
+  - |
+    if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = windows ]]; then
+        choco install python --version 3.8.0
+        export PATH="/c/Python38:/c/Python38/Scripts:$PATH"
+        # make sure it's on PATH as 'python3'
+        ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
+    fi
+
+install:
+  - python3 -m pip install pytest
+
+script:
+  - python3 setup.py install
+  - pytest
+
+stages:
+  - test
+  # Only execute deployment stage on tagged commits, and from your repository
+  # (e.g. not PRs). Replace with your repo name.
+  - name: deploy
+    if: tag IS PRESENT AND repo = joerick/cibuildwheel
+    # To only build tags that look like vX.Y.Z:
+    #   if: tag =~ ^v\d+\.\d+\.\d+$ AND repo = joerick/cibuildwheel
+
+jobs:
+  include:
+    # Optional: run a test on Windows
+    - os: windows
+      language: shell
+      name: Test on Windows
+
+    # Deploy source distribution
+    - stage: deploy
+      name: Deploy source distribution
+      install: skip
+      script: python3 setup.py sdist --formats=gztar
+      after_success: |
+        python3 -m pip install twine
+        python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing dist/*.tar.gz
+    # Deploy on linux
+    - stage: deploy
+      name: Build and deploy Linux wheels
+      services: docker
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.4.0
+      script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+      after_success: |
+        python3 -m pip install twine
+        python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
+    # Deploy on mac
+    - stage: deploy
+      name: Build and deploy macOS wheels
+      os: osx
+      language: shell
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.4.0
+      script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+      after_success: |
+        python3 -m pip install twine
+        python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
+    # Deploy on windows
+    - stage: deploy
+      name: Build and deploy Windows wheels
+      os: windows
+      language: shell
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.4.0
+      script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+      after_success: |
+        python3 -m pip install twine
+        python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
+
+env:
+  global:
+    - TWINE_USERNAME=__token__
+    # Note: TWINE_PASSWORD is set to a PyPI API token in Travis settings
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ nav:
  - setup.md
  - options.md
  - deliver-to-pypi.md
+  - cpp_standards.md
  - faq.md
  - contributing.md

@@ -2,3 +2,6 @@
 -e ./docs/mkdocs_include_markdown_plugin
 pytest
 mkdocs==1.0.4
+pip-tools
+requests
+click
@@ -1,21 +1,13 @@
-[bumpversion]
-current_version = 1.0.0
-commit = True
-tag = True
-message = Bump version
-
-[bumpversion:file:setup.py]
-
-[bumpversion:file:cibuildwheel/__init__.py]
-
-[bumpversion:file:README.md]
-search = cibuildwheel=={current_version}
-replace = cibuildwheel=={new_version}
-
-[bumpversion:file:docs/setup.md]
-search = cibuildwheel=={current_version}
-replace = cibuildwheel=={new_version}
-
-[bdist_wheel]
-universal = 1
-
+[flake8]
+ignore = E501,W503
+application-import-names = cibuildwheel
+exclude =
+  cibuildwheel/resources/,
+  dist/,
+  build/,
+  .git/,
+  env/,
+  env2/,
+  env??/,
+  .venv/,
+  site/
@@ -1,35 +1,40 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import io
+import os

 try:
    from setuptools import setup
 except ImportError:
    from distutils.core import setup

+this_directory = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+with io.open(os.path.join(this_directory, 'README.md'), encoding='utf-8') as f:
+    long_description = f.read()
+
 setup(
    name='cibuildwheel',
-    version='1.0.0',
+    version='1.4.0',
    install_requires=['bashlex!=0.13'],
    description="Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration.",
-    long_description='For readme please see http://github.com/joerick/cibuildwheel',
+    long_description=long_description,
+    long_description_content_type='text/markdown',
    author="Joe Rickerby",
    author_email='joerick@mac.com',
    url='https://github.com/joerick/cibuildwheel',
-    packages=['cibuildwheel',],
+    packages=['cibuildwheel', ],
    license="BSD",
    zip_safe=False,
    package_data={
        'cibuildwheel': ['resources/*'],
    },
    # Supported python versions
-    python_requires='>=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*',
+    python_requires='>=3.5',
    keywords='ci wheel packaging pypi travis appveyor macos linux windows',
    classifiers=[
        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
        'Natural Language :: English',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
+        'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
        'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython',
        'Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools',
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 import os
-import utils
+import platform

+import utils

 project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)

+
 def test():
    # build the wheels
-    utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir)
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir)

    # check that the expected wheels are produced
    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
-    actual_wheels = os.listdir('wheelhouse')
    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)


@@ -20,7 +21,10 @@ def test_build_identifiers():
    # after adding CIBW_MANYLINUX_IMAGE to support manylinux2010, there
    # can be multiple wheels for each wheel, though, so we need to limit
    # the expected wheels
-    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
-                       if not '-manylinux' in w or '-manylinux1' in w]
+    if platform.machine() in ['x86_64', 'i686']:
+        expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
+                           if '-manylinux' not in w or '-manylinux1' in w]
+    else:
+        expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
    build_identifiers = utils.cibuildwheel_get_build_identifiers(project_dir)
    assert len(expected_wheels) == len(build_identifiers)
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import os

-from setuptools import setup, Extension
+from setuptools import (
+    Extension,
+    setup,
+)

 if os.environ.get('CIBUILDWHEEL', '0') != '1':
    raise Exception('CIBUILDWHEEL environment variable is not set to 1')
@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
-import os, subprocess
+import os
+import subprocess
+
 import pytest
+
 import utils

+
 def test():
    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)

    # build and test the wheels
-    utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
        'CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES': 'nose',
        # the 'false ||' bit is to ensure this command runs in a shell on
        # mac/linux.
        'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND': 'false || nosetests {project}/test',
-        'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_WINDOWS': 'nosetests {project}/test',
+        'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_WINDOWS': 'COLOR 00 || nosetests {project}/test',
    })

    # also check that we got the right wheels
    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
-    actual_wheels = os.listdir('wheelhouse')
    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)


@@ -24,32 +27,29 @@ def test_extras_require():
    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)

    # build and test the wheels
-    utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
        'CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS': 'test',
        # the 'false ||' bit is to ensure this command runs in a shell on
        # mac/linux.
        'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND': 'false || nosetests {project}/test',
-        'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_WINDOWS': 'nosetests {project}/test',
+        'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_WINDOWS': 'COLOR 00 || nosetests {project}/test',
    })

    # also check that we got the right wheels
    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
-    actual_wheels = os.listdir('wheelhouse')
    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)


-def test_failing_test():
+def test_failing_test(tmp_path):
    '''Ensure a failing test causes cibuildwheel to error out and exit'''
    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)

    with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
-        utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
+        utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, output_dir=tmp_path, add_env={
            'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND': 'false',
-            # manylinux1 has a version of bash that's been shown to have 
+            # manylinux1 has a version of bash that's been shown to have
            # problems with this, so let's check that.
            'CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE': 'manylinux1',
            'CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE': 'manylinux1',
        })
-
-    assert len(os.listdir('wheelhouse'))
-
+    assert len(os.listdir(str(tmp_path))) == 0
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-from setuptools import setup, Extension
+from setuptools import (
+    Extension,
+    setup,
+)

 setup(
    name="spam",
@@ -1,8 +1,45 @@
+from __future__ import print_function
+import os
+import sys
 from unittest import TestCase
+
 import spam


+def path_contains(parent, child):
+    ''' returns True if `child` is inside `parent`.
+
+    Works around path-comparison bugs caused by short-paths on Windows e.g.
+    vssadm~1 instead of vssadministrator
+    '''
+    parent = os.path.abspath(parent)
+    child = os.path.abspath(child)
+
+    while child != os.path.dirname(child):
+        child = os.path.dirname(child)
+        if os.stat(parent) == os.stat(child):
+            # parent and child refer to the same directory on the filesystem
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
 class TestSpam(TestCase):
    def test_system(self):
        self.assertEqual(0, spam.system('python -c "exit(0)"'))
        self.assertNotEqual(0, spam.system('python -c "exit(1)"'))
+
+    def test_virtualenv(self):
+        virtualenv_path = os.environ.get("__CIBW_VIRTUALENV_PATH__")
+        if not virtualenv_path:
+            self.fail("No virtualenv path defined in environment variable __CIBW_VIRTUALENV_PATH__")
+
+        print("=[executable]", sys.executable)
+        print("=[spam location]", spam.__file__)
+        print("=[virtualenv path]", virtualenv_path)
+        print("=[listdir]", os.listdir(virtualenv_path))
+        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(virtualenv_path, 'Scripts')):
+            print("=[listdir]2", os.listdir(os.path.join(virtualenv_path, 'Scripts')))
+        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(virtualenv_path, 'bin')):
+            print("=[listdir]2", os.listdir(os.path.join(virtualenv_path, 'bin')))
+        self.assertTrue(path_contains(virtualenv_path, sys.executable))
+        self.assertTrue(path_contains(virtualenv_path, spam.__file__))
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 import os
+
 import utils

+
 def test():
    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)

    # build the wheels
-    utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
        # write python version information to a temporary file, this is
        # checked in setup.py
        'CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD': '''python -c "import sys; open('/tmp/pythonversion.txt', 'w').write(sys.version)" && python -c "import sys; open('/tmp/pythonexecutable.txt', 'w').write(sys.executable)"''',
        'CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_WINDOWS': '''python -c "import sys; open('c:\\pythonversion.txt', 'w').write(sys.version)" && python -c "import sys; open('c:\\pythonexecutable.txt', 'w').write(sys.executable)"''',
    })
-    
+
    # also check that we got the right wheels
    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
-    actual_wheels = os.listdir('wheelhouse')
    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
-from setuptools import setup, Extension
-import sys, os
+import os
+import sys
+
+from setuptools import (
+    Extension,
+    setup,
+)

 # assert that the Python version as written to pythonversion.txt in the CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD step
 # is the same one as is currently running.
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import os
+
 import utils

+
 def test():
    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)

    # build the wheels
-    utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
        'CIBW_BUILD': 'cp3?-*',
        'CIBW_SKIP': 'cp37-*',
    })
@@ -13,5 +15,4 @@ def test():
    # check that we got the right wheels. There should be no 2.7 or 3.7.
    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
                       if ('-cp3' in w) and ('-cp37' not in w)]
-    actual_wheels = os.listdir('wheelhouse')
    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
-from setuptools import setup, Extension
 import sys

+from setuptools import (
+    Extension,
+    setup,
+)
+
 # explode if run on Python 2.7 or Python 3.4 (these should be skipped)
 if sys.version_info[0:2] == (2, 7):
    raise Exception('Python 2.7 should not be built')
@@ -1,18 +1,32 @@
 import os
+import pytest
+import subprocess
 import utils

+
 def test():
    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)

    # write some information into the CIBW_ENVIRONMENT, for expansion and
    # insertion into the environment by cibuildwheel. This is checked
    # in setup.py
-    utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
        'CIBW_ENVIRONMENT': '''CIBW_TEST_VAR="a b c" CIBW_TEST_VAR_2=1 CIBW_TEST_VAR_3="$(echo 'test string 3')" PATH=$PATH:/opt/cibw_test_path''',
        'CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_WINDOWS': '''CIBW_TEST_VAR="a b c" CIBW_TEST_VAR_2=1 CIBW_TEST_VAR_3="$(echo 'test string 3')" PATH="$PATH;/opt/cibw_test_path"''',
    })

    # also check that we got the right wheels built
    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
-    actual_wheels = os.listdir('wheelhouse')
    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+
+def test_overridden_path(tmp_path):
+    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+    # mess up PATH, somehow
+    with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+        utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, output_dir=tmp_path, add_env={
+            'CIBW_ENVIRONMENT': '''SOMETHING="$(mkdir new_path && touch new_path/python)" PATH="$(realpath new_path):$PATH"''',
+            'CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_WINDOWS': '''SOMETHING="$(mkdir new_path && type nul > new_path/python.exe)" PATH="$CD\\new_path;$PATH"''',
+        })
+    assert len(os.listdir(str(tmp_path))) == 0
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-from setuptools import setup, Extension
-import sys, os
+import os
+
+from setuptools import (
+    Extension,
+    setup,
+)

 # explode if environment isn't correct, as set in CIBW_ENVIRONMENT
 CIBW_TEST_VAR = os.environ.get('CIBW_TEST_VAR')
@@ -15,7 +19,6 @@ if '/opt/cibw_test_path' not in PATH:
 if '$PATH' in PATH:
    raise Exception('$PATH should be expanded in PATH. It was "%s"' % PATH)

-
 setup(
    name="spam",
    ext_modules=[Extension('spam', sources=['spam.c'])],
@@ -1,21 +1,26 @@
-import os, pytest
+import os
+import platform
+
+import pytest
+
 import utils

+
 def test():
    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)

    if utils.platform != 'linux':
        pytest.skip('the test is only relevant to the linux build')
+    if platform.machine() not in ['x86_64', 'i686']:
+        pytest.skip('this test is currently only possible on x86_64/i686 due to availability of alternative images')

-    utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
        'CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE': 'dockcross/manylinux2010-x64',
-        'CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE': 'dockcross/manylinux1-x86',
-        'CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD': '/opt/python/cp36-cp36m/bin/pip install -U auditwheel',  # Currently necessary on dockcross images to get auditwheel 2.1 supporting AUDITWHEEL_PLAT
-        'CIBW_ENVIRONMENT': 'AUDITWHEEL_PLAT=`if [ $(uname -i) == "x86_64" ]; then echo "manylinux2010_x86_64"; else echo "manylinux1_i686"; fi`',
+        'CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE': 'dockcross/manylinux2010-x86',
+        'CIBW_SKIP': 'pp*',
    })

    # also check that we got the right wheels built
    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
-                       if '-manylinux2010_i686' not in w]
-    actual_wheels = os.listdir('wheelhouse')
+                       if '-pp' not in w]
    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
-import os, sys
+import os
+import sys

-from setuptools import setup, Extension
+from setuptools import (
+    Extension,
+    setup,
+)

 # check that we're running in the correct docker image as specified in the
 # environment options CIBW_MANYLINUX1_*_IMAGE
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import os
+
 import utils

+
 def test():
    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
    # this test checks that SSL is working in the build environment using
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 import ssl
 import sys
-from setuptools import setup, Extension
+
+from setuptools import (
+    Extension,
+    setup,
+)

 if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
    from urllib2 import urlopen
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-import os, pytest
-import utils
-
-def test():
-    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
-
-    if utils.platform != 'linux':
-        pytest.skip('the docker test is only relevant to the linux build')
-
-    # build the wheels
-    # CFLAGS environment veriable is ecessary to fail on 'malloc_info' (on manylinux1) during compilation/linking,
-    # rather than when dynamically loading the Python 
-    utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
-        'CIBW_ENVIRONMENT': 'CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror=implicit-function-declaration"',
-    })
-    
-    # also check that we got the right wheels
-    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
-                       if not '-manylinux' in w or '-manylinux2010' in w]
-    actual_wheels = os.listdir('wheelhouse')
-    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import os
+import platform
+
+import pytest
+
+import utils
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('manylinux_image', ['manylinux1', 'manylinux2010', 'manylinux2014'])
+def test(manylinux_image):
+    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+    if utils.platform != 'linux':
+        pytest.skip('the docker test is only relevant to the linux build')
+    elif platform.machine() not in ['x86_64', 'i686']:
+        if manylinux_image in ['manylinux1', 'manylinux2010']:
+            pytest.skip("manylinux1 and 2010 doesn't exist for non-x86 architectures")
+
+    # build the wheels
+    # CFLAGS environment variable is necessary to fail on 'malloc_info' (on manylinux1) during compilation/linking,
+    # rather than when dynamically loading the Python
+    add_env = {
+        'CIBW_ENVIRONMENT': 'CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Werror=implicit-function-declaration"',
+        'CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE': manylinux_image,
+        'CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE': manylinux_image,
+        'CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE': manylinux_image,
+        'CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE': manylinux_image,
+        'CIBW_MANYLINUX_PPC64LE_IMAGE': manylinux_image,
+        'CIBW_MANYLINUX_S390X_IMAGE': manylinux_image,
+    }
+    if manylinux_image == 'manylinux1':
+        # We don't have a manylinux1 image for PyPy
+        add_env['CIBW_SKIP'] = 'pp*'
+    elif manylinux_image == 'manylinux2014':
+        # We don't have a manylinux2014 image for PyPy (yet?)
+        add_env['CIBW_SKIP'] = 'cp27* pp*'  # Python 2.7 not available on manylinux2014
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env=add_env)
+
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0', manylinux_versions=[manylinux_image])]
+    if manylinux_image == 'manylinux2014':
+        expected_wheels = [w for w in expected_wheels if '-cp27' not in w]
+    if manylinux_image in ['manylinux1', 'manylinux2014']:
+        expected_wheels = [w for w in expected_wheels if '-pp' not in w]
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from setuptools import (
+    Extension,
+    setup,
+)
+
+setup(
+    name="spam",
+    ext_modules=[Extension('spam', sources=['spam.c'])],
+    version="0.1.0",
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
+
+#if !defined(__GLIBC_PREREQ)
+#error "Must run on a glibc linux environment"
+#endif
+
+#if !__GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 5)  /* manylinux1 is glibc 2.5 */
+#error "Must run on a glibc >= 2.5 linux environment"
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+spam_system(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *command;
+    int sts = 0;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &command))
+        return NULL;
+
+#if defined(__GLIBC_PREREQ) && __GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 17)  /* manylinux2014 is glibc 2.17 */
+    // secure_getenv is only available in manylinux2014, ensuring
+    // that only a manylinux2014 wheel is produced
+    sts = (int)secure_getenv("NON_EXISTING_ENV_VARIABLE");
+#elif defined(__GLIBC_PREREQ) && __GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 10)  /* manylinux2010 is glibc 2.12 */
+    // malloc_info is only available on manylinux2010+
+    sts = malloc_info(0, stdout);
+#endif
+    if (sts == 0) {
+        sts = system(command);
+    }
+    return PyLong_FromLong(sts);
+}
+
+/* Module initialization */
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    #define MOD_INIT(name) PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_##name(void)
+    #define MOD_DEF(m, name, doc, methods, module_state_size) \
+        static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = { \
+            PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, name, doc, module_state_size, methods, }; \
+        m = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);
+    #define MOD_RETURN(m) return m;
+#else
+    #define MOD_INIT(name) PyMODINIT_FUNC init##name(void)
+    #define MOD_DEF(m, name, doc, methods, module_state_size) \
+        m = Py_InitModule3(name, methods, doc);
+    #define MOD_RETURN(m) return;
+#endif
+
+static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
+    {"system", (PyCFunction)spam_system, METH_VARARGS,
+     "Execute a shell command."},
+    {NULL}  /* Sentinel */
+};
+
+MOD_INIT(spam)
+{
+    PyObject* m;
+
+    MOD_DEF(m,
+            "spam",
+            "Example module",
+            module_methods,
+            -1)
+
+    MOD_RETURN(m)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import os
+
+import utils
+
+project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+
+def test():
+    # build the wheels
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir)
+
+    # check that the expected wheels are produced
+    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[metadata]
+name = spam
+version = attr: spam.__version__
+
+[options]
+packages = find:
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from setuptools import (
+    Extension,
+    setup,
+)
+
+setup(
+    ext_modules=[Extension('spam.spam', sources=['spam/spam.c'])],
+)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__version__ = "0.1.0"
@@ -1,23 +1,14 @@
 #include <Python.h>
-#if defined(__linux__)
-#include <malloc.h>
-#endif

 static PyObject *
 spam_system(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
    const char *command;
-    int sts = 0;
+    int sts;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &command))
        return NULL;
-
-#if defined(__linux__)
-    sts = malloc_info(0, stdout);
-#endif
-    if (sts == 0) {
-        sts = system(command);
-    }
+    sts = system(command);
    return PyLong_FromLong(sts);
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import os
+
+import pytest
+
+import utils
+
+project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+
+def test_cpp11(tmp_path):
+    # This test checks that the C++11 standard is supported
+
+    # VC++ for Python 2.7 does not support modern standards
+    add_env = {'CIBW_SKIP': 'cp27-win* pp27-win32', 'CIBW_ENVIRONMENT': 'STANDARD=11'}
+
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env=add_env)
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
+                       if 'cp27-cp27m-win' not in w and 'pp27-pypy_73-win32' not in w]
+
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+
+def test_cpp14():
+    # This test checks that the C++14 standard is supported
+
+    # VC++ for Python 2.7 does not support modern standards
+    # The manylinux1 docker image does not have a compiler which supports C++11
+    # Python 3.4 and 3.5 are compiled with MSVC 10, which does not support C++14
+    add_env = {'CIBW_SKIP': 'cp27-win* pp27-win32 cp35-win*', 'CIBW_ENVIRONMENT': 'STANDARD=14'}
+
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env=add_env)
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
+                       if 'cp27-cp27m-win' not in w
+                       and 'pp27-pypy_73-win32' not in w
+                       and 'cp35-cp35m-win' not in w]
+
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+
+def test_cpp17():
+    # This test checks that the C++17 standard is supported
+
+    # Python and PyPy 2.7 use the `register` keyword which is forbidden in the C++17 standard
+    # The manylinux1 docker image does not have a compiler which supports C++11
+    # Python 3.5 and PyPy 3.6 are compiled with MSVC 10, which does not support C++17
+    if os.environ.get('APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE', '') == 'Visual Studio 2015':
+        pytest.skip('Visual Studio 2015 does not support C++17')
+
+    add_env = {'CIBW_SKIP': 'cp27-win* pp27-win32 cp35-win* pp36-win32', 'CIBW_ENVIRONMENT': 'STANDARD=17'}
+
+    if utils.platform == 'macos':
+        add_env['MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET'] = '10.13'
+
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env=add_env)
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0', macosx_deployment_target='10.13')
+                       if 'cp27-cp27m-win' not in w
+                       and 'pp27-pypy_73-win32' not in w
+                       and 'cp35-cp35m-win' not in w
+                       and 'pp36-pypy36_pp73-win32' not in w]
+
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import os
+import platform
+
+from setuptools import (
+    Extension,
+    setup,
+)
+
+standard = os.environ["STANDARD"]
+
+language_standard = "/std:c++" + standard if platform.system() == "Windows" else "-std=c++" + standard
+
+extra_compile_args = [language_standard, "-DSTANDARD=" + standard]
+
+if standard == "17":
+    if platform.system() == "Windows":
+        extra_compile_args.append("/wd5033")
+    else:
+        extra_compile_args.append("-Wno-register")
+
+setup(
+    name="spam",
+    ext_modules=[Extension('spam', sources=['spam.cpp'], language="c++", extra_compile_args=extra_compile_args)],
+    version="0.1.0",
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <string>
+
+// Depending on the requested standard, use a modern C++ feature
+// that was introduced in that standard.
+#if STANDARD == 11
+    #include <array>
+#elif STANDARD == 14
+    int a = 100'000;
+#elif STANDARD == 17
+    #include <utility>
+    auto a = std::pair(5.0, false);
+#else
+    #error Standard needed
+#endif
+
+static PyObject *
+spam_system(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *command;
+    int sts;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &command))
+        return NULL;
+    sts = system(command);
+    return PyLong_FromLong(sts);
+}
+
+/* Module initialization */
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    #define MOD_INIT(name) PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_##name(void)
+    #define MOD_DEF(m, name, doc, methods, module_state_size) \
+        static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = { \
+            PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, name, doc, module_state_size, methods, }; \
+        m = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);
+    #define MOD_RETURN(m) return m;
+#else
+    #define MOD_INIT(name) PyMODINIT_FUNC init##name(void)
+    #define MOD_DEF(m, name, doc, methods, module_state_size) \
+        m = Py_InitModule3(name, methods, doc);
+    #define MOD_RETURN(m) return;
+#endif
+
+static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
+    {"system", (PyCFunction)spam_system, METH_VARARGS, 
+     "Execute a shell command."},
+    {NULL}  /* Sentinel */
+};
+
+MOD_INIT(spam)
+{
+    PyObject* m;
+
+    MOD_DEF(m, 
+            "spam", 
+            "Example module", 
+            module_methods,
+            -1)
+
+    MOD_RETURN(m)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import os
+import utils
+
+
+def test():
+    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+    # build the wheels
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
+        # write python version information to a temporary file, this is
+        # checked in setup.py
+        'CIBW_BEFORE_TEST': '''python -c "import sys; open('/tmp/pythonversion.txt', 'w').write(sys.version)" && python -c "import sys; open('/tmp/pythonprefix.txt', 'w').write(sys.prefix)"''',
+        'CIBW_BEFORE_TEST_WINDOWS': '''python -c "import sys; open('c:\\pythonversion.txt', 'w').write(sys.version)" && python -c "import sys; open('c:\\pythonprefix.txt', 'w').write(sys.prefix)"''',
+        'CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES': 'nose',
+        # the 'false ||' bit is to ensure this command runs in a shell on
+        # mac/linux.
+        'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND': 'false || nosetests {project}/test',
+        'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_WINDOWS': 'nosetests {project}/test',
+    })
+
+    # also check that we got the right wheels
+    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from setuptools import setup, Extension

+
 setup(
    name="spam",
    ext_modules=[Extension('spam', sources=['spam.c'])],
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include <Python.h>
+
+static PyObject *
+spam_system(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *command;
+    int sts;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &command))
+        return NULL;
+    sts = system(command);
+    return PyLong_FromLong(sts);
+}
+
+/* Module initialization */
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    #define MOD_INIT(name) PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_##name(void)
+    #define MOD_DEF(m, name, doc, methods, module_state_size) \
+        static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = { \
+            PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, name, doc, module_state_size, methods, }; \
+        m = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);
+    #define MOD_RETURN(m) return m;
+#else
+    #define MOD_INIT(name) PyMODINIT_FUNC init##name(void)
+    #define MOD_DEF(m, name, doc, methods, module_state_size) \
+        m = Py_InitModule3(name, methods, doc);
+    #define MOD_RETURN(m) return;
+#endif
+
+static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
+    {"system", (PyCFunction)spam_system, METH_VARARGS, 
+     "Execute a shell command."},
+    {NULL}  /* Sentinel */
+};
+
+MOD_INIT(spam)
+{
+    PyObject* m;
+
+    MOD_DEF(m, 
+            "spam", 
+            "Example module", 
+            module_methods,
+            -1)
+
+    MOD_RETURN(m)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import sys
+import os
+from unittest import TestCase
+
+
+class TestBeforeTest(TestCase):
+    def test_version(self):
+        # assert that the Python version as written to pythonversion.txt in the CIBW_BEFORE_TEST step
+        # is the same one as is currently running.
+        # because of use symlinks in MacOS run this test is also need
+        version_file = 'c:\\pythonversion.txt' if sys.platform == 'win32' else '/tmp/pythonversion.txt'
+        with open(version_file) as f:
+            stored_version = f.read()
+        print('stored_version', stored_version)
+        print('sys.version', sys.version)
+        assert stored_version == sys.version
+
+    def test_prefix(self):
+        # check that the prefix also was written
+        prefix_file = 'c:\\pythonprefix.txt' if sys.platform == 'win32' else '/tmp/pythonprefix.txt'
+        with open(prefix_file) as f:
+            stored_prefix = f.read()
+        print('stored_prefix', stored_prefix)
+        print('sys.prefix', sys.prefix)
+        #  Works around path-comparison bugs caused by short-paths on Windows e.g.
+        #  vssadm~1 instead of vssadministrator
+
+        assert os.stat(stored_prefix) == os.stat(sys.prefix)
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import os
+import re
+import pytest
+import textwrap
+import cibuildwheel.util
+
+import utils
+
+VERSION_REGEX = r'([\w-]+)==([^\s]+)'
+
+
+def get_versions_from_constraint_file(constraint_file):
+    with open(constraint_file, encoding='utf8') as f:
+        constraint_file_text = f.read()
+
+    versions = {}
+
+    for package, version in re.findall(VERSION_REGEX, constraint_file_text):
+        versions[package] = version
+
+    return versions
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('python_version', ['2.7', '3.5', '3.8'])
+def test_pinned_versions(python_version):
+    if utils.platform == 'linux':
+        pytest.skip('linux doesn\'t pin individual tool versions, it pins manylinux images instead')
+
+    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+    build_environment = {}
+
+    if python_version == '2.7':
+        constraint_filename = 'constraints-python27.txt'
+        build_pattern = '[cp]p27-*'
+    elif python_version == '3.5':
+        constraint_filename = 'constraints-python35.txt'
+        build_pattern = '[cp]p35-*'
+    else:
+        constraint_filename = 'constraints.txt'
+        build_pattern = '[cp]p38-*'
+
+    constraint_file = os.path.join(cibuildwheel.util.resources_dir, constraint_filename)
+    constraint_versions = get_versions_from_constraint_file(constraint_file)
+
+    for package in ['pip', 'setuptools', 'wheel', 'virtualenv']:
+        env_name = 'EXPECTED_{}_VERSION'.format(package.upper())
+        build_environment[env_name] = constraint_versions[package]
+
+    cibw_environment_option = ' '.join(
+        ['{}={}'.format(k, v) for k, v in build_environment.items()]
+    )
+
+    # build and test the wheels
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
+        'CIBW_BUILD': build_pattern,
+        'CIBW_ENVIRONMENT': cibw_environment_option,
+    })
+
+    # also check that we got the right wheels
+    if python_version == '2.7':
+        expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
+                           if '-cp27' in w or '-pp27' in w]
+    elif python_version == '3.5':
+        expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
+                           if '-cp35' in w or '-pp35' in w]
+    elif python_version == '3.8':
+        expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
+                           if '-cp38' in w or '-pp38' in w]
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('unhandled python version')
+
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('python_version', ['2.7', '3.x'])
+def test_dependency_constraints_file(tmp_path, python_version):
+    if utils.platform == 'linux':
+        pytest.skip('linux doesn\'t pin individual tool versions, it pins manylinux images instead')
+
+    project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+    tool_versions = {
+        'pip': '20.0.2',
+        'setuptools': '44.0.0' if python_version == '2.7' else '46.0.0',
+        'wheel': '0.34.2',
+        'virtualenv': '20.0.10',
+    }
+
+    constraints_file = tmp_path / 'constraints.txt'
+    constraints_file.write_text(textwrap.dedent(
+        '''
+            pip=={pip}
+            setuptools=={setuptools}
+            wheel=={wheel}
+            virtualenv=={virtualenv}
+        '''.format(**tool_versions)
+    ))
+
+    build_environment = {}
+
+    for package_name, version in tool_versions.items():
+        env_name = 'EXPECTED_{}_VERSION'.format(package_name.upper())
+        build_environment[env_name] = version
+
+    cibw_environment_option = ' '.join(
+        ['{}={}'.format(k, v) for k, v in build_environment.items()]
+    )
+
+    # build and test the wheels
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env={
+        'CIBW_BUILD': '[cp]p27-*' if python_version == '2.7' else '[cp]p3?-*',
+        'CIBW_ENVIRONMENT': cibw_environment_option,
+        'CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS': str(constraints_file),
+    })
+
+    # also check that we got the right wheels
+    if python_version == '2.7':
+        expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
+                           if '-cp27' in w or '-pp27' in w]
+    else:
+        expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
+                           if '-cp27' not in w and '-pp27' not in w]
+
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import os
+import subprocess
+from setuptools import (
+    Extension,
+    setup,
+)
+
+versions_output_text = subprocess.check_output(
+    ['pip', 'freeze', '--all', '-qq'],
+    universal_newlines=True,
+)
+versions = versions_output_text.strip().splitlines()
+
+# `versions` now looks like:
+# ['pip==x.x.x', 'setuptools==x.x.x', 'wheel==x.x.x']
+
+print('Gathered versions', versions)
+
+for package_name in ['pip', 'setuptools', 'wheel']:
+    env_name = 'EXPECTED_{}_VERSION'.format(package_name.upper())
+    expected_version = os.environ[env_name]
+
+    assert '{}=={}'.format(package_name, expected_version) in versions, (
+        'error: {} version should equal {}'.format(package_name, expected_version)
+    )
+
+setup(
+    name="spam",
+    ext_modules=[Extension('spam', sources=['spam.c'])],
+    version="0.1.0",
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include <Python.h>
+
+static PyObject *
+spam_system(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *command;
+    int sts;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &command))
+        return NULL;
+    sts = system(command);
+    return PyLong_FromLong(sts);
+}
+
+/* Module initialization */
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    #define MOD_INIT(name) PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_##name(void)
+    #define MOD_DEF(m, name, doc, methods, module_state_size) \
+        static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = { \
+            PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, name, doc, module_state_size, methods, }; \
+        m = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);
+    #define MOD_RETURN(m) return m;
+#else
+    #define MOD_INIT(name) PyMODINIT_FUNC init##name(void)
+    #define MOD_DEF(m, name, doc, methods, module_state_size) \
+        m = Py_InitModule3(name, methods, doc);
+    #define MOD_RETURN(m) return;
+#endif
+
+static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
+    {"system", (PyCFunction)spam_system, METH_VARARGS, 
+     "Execute a shell command."},
+    {NULL}  /* Sentinel */
+};
+
+MOD_INIT(spam)
+{
+    PyObject* m;
+
+    MOD_DEF(m, 
+            "spam", 
+            "Example module", 
+            module_methods,
+            -1)
+
+    MOD_RETURN(m)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+print('before_build.py executed!')
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import os
+import utils
+
+project_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+
+def test(capfd):
+    package_dir = os.path.join(project_dir, 'src', 'spam')
+    # build the wheels
+    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, package_dir=package_dir, add_env={
+        'CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD': 'python {project}/bin/before_build.py',
+        'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND': 'python {package}/test/run_tests.py',
+        # this shouldn't depend on the version of python, so build only
+        # CPython 3.6
+        'CIBW_BUILD': 'cp36-*',
+    })
+
+    # check that the expected wheels are produced
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in utils.expected_wheels('spam', '0.1.0')
+                       if 'cp36' in w]
+    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
+
+    captured = capfd.readouterr()
+    assert "before_build.py executed!" in captured.out
+    assert "run_tests.py executed!" in captured.out
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from setuptools import Extension, setup
+
+
+setup(
+    name="spam",
+    ext_modules=[Extension('spam', sources=['spam.c'])],
+    version="0.1.0",
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include <Python.h>
+
+static PyObject *
+spam_system(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+    const char *command;
+    int sts;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &command))
+        return NULL;
+    sts = system(command);
+    return PyLong_FromLong(sts);
+}
+
+/* Module initialization */
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+    #define MOD_INIT(name) PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_##name(void)
+    #define MOD_DEF(m, name, doc, methods, module_state_size) \
+        static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = { \
+            PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, name, doc, module_state_size, methods, }; \
+        m = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);
+    #define MOD_RETURN(m) return m;
+#else
+    #define MOD_INIT(name) PyMODINIT_FUNC init##name(void)
+    #define MOD_DEF(m, name, doc, methods, module_state_size) \
+        m = Py_InitModule3(name, methods, doc);
+    #define MOD_RETURN(m) return;
+#endif
+
+static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
+    {"system", (PyCFunction)spam_system, METH_VARARGS, 
+     "Execute a shell command."},
+    {NULL}  /* Sentinel */
+};
+
+MOD_INIT(spam)
+{
+    PyObject* m;
+
+    MOD_DEF(m, 
+            "spam", 
+            "Example module", 
+            module_methods,
+            -1)
+
+    MOD_RETURN(m)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+print('run_tests.py executed!')
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'shared'))
@@ -4,12 +4,29 @@ Utility functions used by the cibuildwheel tests.
 This file is added to the PYTHONPATH in the test runner at bin/run_test.py.
 '''

-import subprocess, sys, os
+import os
+import platform as pm
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from tempfile import mkdtemp

 IS_WINDOWS_RUNNING_ON_AZURE = os.path.exists('C:\\hostedtoolcache')
 IS_WINDOWS_RUNNING_ON_TRAVIS = os.environ.get('TRAVIS_OS_NAME') == 'windows'


+# Python 2 does not have a tempfile.TemporaryDirectory context manager
+@contextmanager
+def TemporaryDirectoryIfNone(path):
+    _path = path or mkdtemp()
+    try:
+        yield _path
+    finally:
+        if path is None:
+            shutil.rmtree(_path)
+
+
 def cibuildwheel_get_build_identifiers(project_path, env=None):
    '''
    Returns the list of build identifiers that cibuildwheel will try to build
@@ -24,86 +41,104 @@ def cibuildwheel_get_build_identifiers(project_path, env=None):
    return cmd_output.strip().split('\n')


-def cibuildwheel_run(project_path, env=None, add_env=None):
+def cibuildwheel_run(project_path, package_dir='.', env=None, add_env=None, output_dir=None):
    '''
    Runs cibuildwheel as a subprocess, building the project at project_path.

    Uses the current Python interpreter.
-    Configure settings using env.
+
+    :param project_path: path of the project to be built.
+    :param package_dir: path of the package to be built. Can be absolute, or
+    relative to project_path.
+    :param env: full environment to be used, os.environ if None
+    :param add_env: environment used to update env
+    :param output_dir: directory where wheels are saved. If None, a temporary
+    directory will be used for the duration of the command.
+    :return: list of built wheels (file names).
    '''
    if env is None:
        env = os.environ.copy()
+        # If present in the host environment, remove the MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET for consistency
+        env.pop('MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET', None)

    if add_env is not None:
        env.update(add_env)

-    subprocess.check_call(
-        [sys.executable, '-m', 'cibuildwheel', project_path],
-        env=env,
-    )
+    with TemporaryDirectoryIfNone(output_dir) as _output_dir:
+        subprocess.check_call(
+            [sys.executable, '-m', 'cibuildwheel', '--output-dir', str(_output_dir), package_dir],
+            env=env,
+            cwd=project_path,
+        )
+        wheels = os.listdir(_output_dir)
+    return wheels


-def expected_wheels(package_name, package_version):
+def expected_wheels(package_name, package_version, manylinux_versions=None,
+                    macosx_deployment_target='10.9'):
    '''
    Returns a list of expected wheels from a run of cibuildwheel.
    '''
-    if platform == 'linux':
-        templates = [
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp27-cp27m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp27-cp27m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp35-cp35m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp27-cp27m-manylinux1_i686.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_i686.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_i686.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_i686.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_i686.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_i686.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp27-cp27m-manylinux2010_i686.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux2010_i686.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp35-cp35m-manylinux2010_i686.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2010_i686.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2010_i686.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_i686.whl',
-        ]
-    elif platform == 'windows':
-        templates = [
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp27-cp27m-win32.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp35-cp35m-win32.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp36-cp36m-win32.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp37-cp37m-win32.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp38-cp38-win32.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp27-cp27m-win_amd64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl',
-        ]
-    elif platform == 'macos':
-        templates = [
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp35-cp35m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp36-cp36m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp37-cp37m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl',
-            '{package_name}-{package_version}-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl',
-        ]
-    else:
-        raise Exception('unsupported platform')
+    # per PEP 425 (https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0425/), wheel files shall have name of the form
+    # {distribution}-{version}(-{build tag})?-{python tag}-{abi tag}-{platform tag}.whl
+    # {python tag} and {abi tag} are closely related to the python interpreter used to build the wheel
+    # so we'll merge them below as python_abi_tag
+
+    if manylinux_versions is None:
+        if pm.machine() == 'x86_64':
+            manylinux_versions = ['manylinux1', 'manylinux2010']
+        else:
+            manylinux_versions = ['manylinux2014']
+
+    python_abi_tags = ['cp35-cp35m', 'cp36-cp36m', 'cp37-cp37m', 'cp38-cp38']
+
+    if pm.machine() in ['x86_64', 'AMD64', 'x86']:
+        python_abi_tags += ['cp27-cp27m', 'pp27-pypy_73', 'pp36-pypy36_pp73']
+
+        if platform == 'linux':
+            python_abi_tags.append('cp27-cp27mu')  # python 2.7 has 2 different ABI on manylinux
+
+    wheels = []
+
+    for python_abi_tag in python_abi_tags:
+        platform_tags = []
+
+        if platform == 'linux':
+            architectures = [pm.machine()]
+
+            if pm.machine() == 'x86_64' and python_abi_tag.startswith('cp'):
+                architectures.append('i686')
+
+            platform_tags = [
+                '{}_{}'.format(manylinux_version, architecture)
+                for architecture in architectures
+                for manylinux_version in manylinux_versions
+            ]
+
+        elif platform == 'windows':
+            if python_abi_tag.startswith('cp'):
+                platform_tags = ['win32', 'win_amd64']
+            else:
+                platform_tags = ['win32']
+
+        elif platform == 'macos':
+            platform_tags = ['macosx_{}_x86_64'.format(macosx_deployment_target.replace('.', '_'))]
+
+        else:
+            raise Exception('unsupported platform')
+
+        for platform_tag in platform_tags:
+            wheels.append('{package_name}-{package_version}-{python_abi_tag}-{platform_tag}.whl'.format(
+                package_name=package_name, package_version=package_version,
+                python_abi_tag=python_abi_tag, platform_tag=platform_tag
+            ))

    if IS_WINDOWS_RUNNING_ON_TRAVIS:
        # Python 2.7 isn't supported on Travis.
-        templates = [t for t in templates if '-cp27-' not in t]
+        wheels = [w for w in wheels if '-cp27-' not in w and '-pp2' not in w]
+
+    return wheels

-    return [filename.format(package_name=package_name, package_version=package_version)
-            for filename in templates]

 platform = None

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from cibuildwheel.util import DependencyConstraints
+import os
+
+
+def test_defaults():
+    dependency_constraints = DependencyConstraints.with_defaults()
+
+    project_root = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+    resources_dir = os.path.join(project_root, 'cibuildwheel', 'resources')
+
+    assert os.path.samefile(
+        dependency_constraints.base_file_path,
+        os.path.join(resources_dir, 'constraints.txt')
+    )
+    assert os.path.samefile(
+        dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version('3.8'),
+        os.path.join(resources_dir, 'constraints.txt')
+    )
+    assert os.path.samefile(
+        dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version('3.6'),
+        os.path.join(resources_dir, 'constraints-python36.txt')
+    )
+    assert os.path.samefile(
+        dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version('3.5'),
+        os.path.join(resources_dir, 'constraints-python35.txt')
+    )
+    assert os.path.samefile(
+        dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version('2.7'),
+        os.path.join(resources_dir, 'constraints-python27.txt')
+    )
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import os
+
 from cibuildwheel.environment import parse_environment


@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ def test_basic_parsing():
    assert environment_dict == {'VAR': '1', 'VBR': '2'}
    assert environment_cmds == ['export VAR=1', 'export VBR=2']

+
 def test_quotes():
    environment_recipe = parse_environment('A=1 VAR="1 NOT_A_VAR=2" VBR=\'vbr\'')

@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ def test_quotes():
    assert environment_dict == {'A': '1', 'VAR': '1 NOT_A_VAR=2', 'VBR': 'vbr'}
    assert environment_cmds == ['export A=1', 'export VAR="1 NOT_A_VAR=2"', 'export VBR=\'vbr\'']

+
 def test_inheritance():
    environment_recipe = parse_environment('PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin')

@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ def test_inheritance():
    assert environment_dict == {'PATH': '/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin'}
    assert environment_cmds == ['export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin']

+
 def test_shell_eval():
    environment_recipe = parse_environment('VAR="$(echo "a test" string)"')

@@ -49,6 +53,7 @@ def test_shell_eval():
    assert environment_dict['VAR'] == 'a test string'
    assert environment_cmds == ['export VAR="$(echo "a test" string)"']

+
 def test_shell_eval_and_env():
    environment_recipe = parse_environment('VAR="$(echo "$PREV_VAR" string)"')

@@ -60,6 +65,7 @@ def test_shell_eval_and_env():
    assert environment_dict == {'PREV_VAR': '1 2 3', 'VAR': '1 2 3 string'}
    assert environment_cmds == ['export VAR="$(echo "$PREV_VAR" string)"']

+
 def test_empty_var():
    environment_recipe = parse_environment('CFLAGS=')

@@ -71,6 +77,7 @@ def test_empty_var():
    assert environment_dict == {'CFLAGS': ''}
    assert environment_cmds == ['export CFLAGS=']

+
 def test_no_vars():
    environment_recipe = parse_environment('')

@@ -80,6 +87,7 @@ def test_no_vars():
    assert environment_dict == {}
    assert environment_cmds == []

+
 def test_no_vars_pass_through():
    environment_recipe = parse_environment('')

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+from cibuildwheel import (
+    linux,
+    macos,
+    util,
+    windows,
+)
+
+
+class ArgsInterceptor:
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+
+MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR = 'some_package_dir'
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def mock_protection(monkeypatch):
+    '''
+    Ensure that a unit test will never actually run a cibuildwheel 'build'
+    function, which shouldn't be run on a developer's machine
+    '''
+
+    def fail_on_call(*args, **kwargs):
+        raise RuntimeError("This should never be called")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, 'Popen', fail_on_call)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(util, 'download', fail_on_call)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(windows, 'build', fail_on_call)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(linux, 'build', fail_on_call)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(macos, 'build', fail_on_call)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def fake_package_dir(monkeypatch):
+    '''
+    Monkey-patch enough for the main() function to run
+    '''
+    real_os_path_exists = os.path.exists
+
+    def mock_os_path_exists(path):
+        if path == os.path.join(MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR, 'setup.py'):
+            return True
+        else:
+            return real_os_path_exists(path)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(os.path, 'exists', mock_os_path_exists)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, 'argv', ['cibuildwheel', MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR])
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(params=['linux', 'macos', 'windows'])
+def platform(request, monkeypatch):
+    platform_value = request.param
+    monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_PLATFORM', platform_value)
+    return platform_value
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def intercepted_build_args(platform, monkeypatch):
+    intercepted = ArgsInterceptor()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(globals()[platform], 'build', intercepted)
+    return intercepted
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+import sys
+from fnmatch import fnmatch
+
+import pytest
+
+from cibuildwheel.__main__ import main
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.util import BuildSelector
+
+
+# CIBW_PLATFORM is tested in main_platform_test.py
+
+
+def test_output_dir(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    OUTPUT_DIR = 'some_output_dir'
+
+    monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_OUTPUT_DIR', OUTPUT_DIR)
+
+    main()
+
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].output_dir == OUTPUT_DIR
+
+
+def test_output_dir_default(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    main()
+
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].output_dir == 'wheelhouse'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('also_set_environment', [False, True])
+def test_output_dir_argument(also_set_environment, platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    OUTPUT_DIR = 'some_output_dir'
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, 'argv', sys.argv + ['--output-dir', OUTPUT_DIR])
+    if also_set_environment:
+        monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_OUTPUT_DIR', 'not_this_output_dir')
+
+    main()
+
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].output_dir == OUTPUT_DIR
+
+
+def test_build_selector(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    BUILD = 'some build* *-selector'
+    SKIP = 'some skip* *-selector'
+
+    monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_BUILD', BUILD)
+    monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_SKIP', SKIP)
+
+    main()
+
+    intercepted_build_selector = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_selector
+    assert isinstance(intercepted_build_selector, BuildSelector)
+    assert intercepted_build_selector('build-this')
+    assert not intercepted_build_selector('skip-that')
+    # This unit test is just testing the options of 'main'
+    # Unit tests for BuildSelector are in build_selector_test.py
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('architecture, image, full_image', [
+    ('x86_64', None, 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:*'),
+    ('x86_64', 'manylinux1', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:*'),
+    ('x86_64', 'manylinux2010', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:*'),
+    ('x86_64', 'manylinux2014', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:*'),
+    ('x86_64', 'custom_image', 'custom_image'),
+    ('i686', None, 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:*'),
+    ('i686', 'manylinux1', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:*'),
+    ('i686', 'manylinux2010', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:*'),
+    ('i686', 'manylinux2014', 'quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:*'),
+    ('i686', 'custom_image', 'custom_image'),
+    ('pypy_x86_64', None, 'pypywheels/manylinux2010-pypy_x86_64:*'),
+    ('pypy_x86_64', 'manylinux1', 'manylinux1'),  # Does not exist
+    ('pypy_x86_64', 'manylinux2010', 'pypywheels/manylinux2010-pypy_x86_64:*'),
+    ('pypy_x86_64', 'manylinux2014', 'manylinux2014'),  # Does not exist (yet)
+    ('pypy_x86_64', 'custom_image', 'custom_image'),
+])
+def test_manylinux_images(architecture, image, full_image, platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    if image is not None:
+        monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_MANYLINUX_' + architecture.upper() + '_IMAGE', image)
+
+    main()
+
+    if platform == 'linux':
+        assert fnmatch(
+            intercepted_build_args.args[0].manylinux_images[architecture],
+            full_image
+        )
+    else:
+        assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].manylinux_images is None
+
+
+def get_default_repair_command(platform):
+    if platform == 'linux':
+        return 'auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'
+    elif platform == 'macos':
+        return 'delocate-listdeps {wheel} && delocate-wheel --require-archs x86_64 -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'
+    elif platform == 'windows':
+        return ''
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('Unknown platform', platform)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('repair_command', [None, 'repair', 'repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('platform_specific', [False, True])
+def test_repair_command(repair_command, platform_specific, platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    if repair_command is not None:
+        if platform_specific:
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_' + platform.upper(), repair_command)
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND', 'overwritten')
+        else:
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND', repair_command)
+
+    main()
+
+    expected_repair = repair_command or get_default_repair_command(platform)
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].repair_command == expected_repair
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('environment', [
+    {},
+    {'something': 'value'},
+    {'something': 'value', 'something_else': 'other_value'}
+])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('platform_specific', [False, True])
+def test_environment(environment, platform_specific, platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    env_string = ' '.join(['{}={}'.format(k, v) for k, v in environment.items()])
+    if platform_specific:
+        monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_' + platform.upper(), env_string)
+        monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_ENVIRONMENT', 'overwritten')
+    else:
+        monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_ENVIRONMENT', env_string)
+
+    main()
+
+    intercepted_environment = intercepted_build_args.args[0].environment
+    assert isinstance(intercepted_environment, ParsedEnvironment)
+    assert intercepted_environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment={}) == environment
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('test_requires', [None, 'requirement other_requirement'])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('platform_specific', [False, True])
+def test_test_requires(test_requires, platform_specific, platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    if test_requires is not None:
+        if platform_specific:
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES_' + platform.upper(), test_requires)
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES', 'overwritten')
+        else:
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES', test_requires)
+
+    main()
+
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].test_requires == (test_requires or '').split()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('test_extras', [None, 'extras'])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('platform_specific', [False, True])
+def test_test_extras(test_extras, platform_specific, platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    if test_extras is not None:
+        if platform_specific:
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS_' + platform.upper(), test_extras)
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS', 'overwritten')
+        else:
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS', test_extras)
+
+    main()
+
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].test_extras == ('[' + test_extras + ']' if test_extras else '')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('test_command', [None, 'test --command'])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('platform_specific', [False, True])
+def test_test_command(test_command, platform_specific, platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    if test_command is not None:
+        if platform_specific:
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_' + platform.upper(), test_command)
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_TEST_COMMAND', 'overwritten')
+        else:
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_TEST_COMMAND', test_command)
+
+    main()
+
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].test_command == test_command
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('before_build', [None, 'before --build'])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('platform_specific', [False, True])
+def test_before_build(before_build, platform_specific, platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    if before_build is not None:
+        if platform_specific:
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_' + platform.upper(), before_build)
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD', 'overwritten')
+        else:
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD', before_build)
+
+    main()
+
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].before_build == before_build
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('build_verbosity', [None, 0, 2, -2, 4, -4])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('platform_specific', [False, True])
+def test_build_verbosity(build_verbosity, platform_specific, platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    if build_verbosity is not None:
+        if platform_specific:
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY_' + platform.upper(), str(build_verbosity))
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY', 'overwritten')
+        else:
+            monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY', str(build_verbosity))
+
+    main()
+
+    expected_verbosity = max(-3, min(3, int(build_verbosity or 0)))
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_verbosity == expected_verbosity
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('option_name', ['CIBW_BUILD', 'CIBW_SKIP'])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('option_value, build_selector_patterns', [
+    ('*-manylinux1_*', ['*-manylinux_*']),
+    ('*-macosx_10_6_intel', ['*-macosx_x86_64']),
+    ('*-macosx_10_9_x86_64', ['*-macosx_x86_64']),
+    ('cp37-macosx_10_9_x86_64', ['cp37-macosx_x86_64']),
+])
+def test_build_selector_migrations(intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch, option_name, option_value, build_selector_patterns):
+    monkeypatch.setenv(option_name, option_value)
+
+    main()
+
+    intercepted_build_selector = intercepted_build_args.args[0].build_selector
+    assert isinstance(intercepted_build_selector, BuildSelector)
+
+    if option_name == 'CIBW_BUILD':
+        assert intercepted_build_selector.build_patterns == build_selector_patterns
+    else:
+        assert intercepted_build_selector.skip_patterns == build_selector_patterns
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+from cibuildwheel.__main__ import main
+
+from conftest import MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR  # noqa: I100
+
+
+def test_unknown_platform_non_ci(monkeypatch, capsys):
+    monkeypatch.delenv('CI', raising=False)
+    monkeypatch.delenv('BITRISE_BUILD_NUMBER', raising=False)
+    monkeypatch.delenv('AZURE_HTTP_USER_AGENT', raising=False)
+    monkeypatch.delenv('GITHUB_WORKFLOW', raising=False)
+    monkeypatch.delenv('CIBW_PLATFORM', raising=False)
+
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exit:
+        main()
+        assert exit.value.code == 2
+    _, err = capsys.readouterr()
+
+    assert 'cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform.' in err
+    assert 'cibuildwheel should run on your CI server' in err
+
+
+def test_unknown_platform_on_ci(monkeypatch, capsys):
+    monkeypatch.setenv('CI', 'true')
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, 'platform', 'nonexistent')
+    monkeypatch.delenv('CIBW_PLATFORM', raising=False)
+
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exit:
+        main()
+        assert exit.value.code == 2
+    _, err = capsys.readouterr()
+
+    assert 'cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform from "sys.platform"' in err
+
+
+def test_unknown_platform(monkeypatch, capsys):
+    monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_PLATFORM', 'nonexistent')
+
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exit:
+        main()
+    _, err = capsys.readouterr()
+
+    assert exit.value.code == 2
+    assert 'cibuildwheel: Unsupported platform: nonexistent' in err
+
+
+def test_platform_argument(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setenv('CIBW_PLATFORM', 'nonexistent')
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, 'argv', sys.argv + ['--platform', platform])
+
+    main()
+
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].package_dir == MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR
+
+
+def test_platform_environment(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch):
+    main()
+
+    assert intercepted_build_args.args[0].package_dir == MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR