Bump version: v3.4.1

Free-Threading Python 3.13 was experimental.
Now that Python 3.14 has been released with explicit support, we can schedule removal of Python 3.13 free-threading.

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ jobs:
   dist:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
-    - uses: hynek/build-and-inspect-python-package@v2
+    - uses: hynek/build-and-inspect-python-package@efb823f52190ad02594531168b7a2d5790e66516 # v2.14.0
 
   publish:
     needs: [dist]
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
       attestations: write
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
       with:
         name: Packages
         path: dist
@@ -41,6 +41,6 @@ jobs:
       with:
         subject-path: "dist/cibuildwheel-*"
 
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ed0c53931b1dc9bd32cbe73a98c7f6766f8a527e # v1.13.0
       with:
         attestations: true

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -39,35 +39,37 @@ jobs:
     name: Linters (mypy, ruff, etc.)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       id: python
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: j178/prek-action@v1
+    - uses: j178/prek-action@79f765515bd648eb4d6bb1b17277b7cb22cb6468 # v2.0.0
     - name: PyLint checks
-      run: pipx run --python "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
+      run: pipx run --python "${STEPS_PYTHON_OUTPUTS_PYTHON_PATH}" nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
+      env:
+        STEPS_PYTHON_OUTPUTS_PYTHON_PATH: ${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}
 
   sample:
     name: Generate a sample project
     needs: lint
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       name: Install Python
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
     - name: Generate a sample project
       run: uv run --no-sync -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
       with:
         name: sample_proj
         path: sample_proj
@@ -117,16 +119,16 @@ jobs:
           test_select: android
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
 
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
 
     - name: Free up disk space
       if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.test_select != 'android'
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ jobs:
     # for oci_container unit tests
     - name: Set up QEMU
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
 
     - name: Set up Xcode
       if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos-15') }}
@@ -150,12 +152,12 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
-    - uses: joerick/pr-labels-action@v1.0.9
+    - uses: joerick/pr-labels-action@0543b277721e852d821c6738d449f2f4dea03d5f # v1.0.9
 
     - name: Set CIBW_ENABLE
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        if [[ "${{ github.ref_name }}" == "main" ]]; then
+        if [[ "$GITHUB_REF_NAME" == "main" ]]; then
           CIBW_ENABLE=all
         else
           # get the default CIBW_ENABLE value from the test module
@@ -172,7 +174,7 @@ jobs:
         echo "CIBW_ENABLE=${CIBW_ENABLE}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
     - name: Download a sample project
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
       with:
         name: sample_proj
         path: sample_proj
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         test $(find wheelhouse_only -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
       with:
         name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
         path: wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -247,13 +249,13 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       archs: ${{ steps.archs.outputs.archs }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
     - name: Get qemu emulated architectures
@@ -272,21 +274,23 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         arch: ${{ fromJSON(needs.emulated-archs.outputs.archs) }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
     - name: Set up QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
 
     - name: Run the emulation tests
-      run: uv run --no-sync pytest --run-emulation ${{ matrix.arch }} test/test_emulation.py
+      env:
+        MATRIX_ARCH: ${{ matrix.arch }}
+      run: uv run --no-sync pytest --run-emulation "$MATRIX_ARCH" test/test_emulation.py
 
   test-pyodide:
     name: Test pyodide
@@ -294,20 +298,20 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
       name: Install Python 3.12
       with:
         python-version: '3.12'
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@37802adc94f370d6bfd71619e3f0bf239e1f3b78 # v7.6.0
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
     - name: Download a sample project
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
       with:
         name: sample_proj
         path: sample_proj
@@ -344,11 +348,11 @@ jobs:
         - os: macos-15
           test_select: android
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
     - name: Download a sample project
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
       with:
         name: sample_proj
         path: sample_proj

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -23,22 +23,23 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions:
       contents: write
+    environment: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel' && 'update-dependencies-workflow' || '' }}
     steps:
 
     # we use this step to grab a Github App auth token, so that PRs generated by this workflow
     # run the GHA tests.
-    - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2
+    - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@f8d387b68d61c58ab83c6c016672934102569859 # v3.0.0
       id: generate-token
       if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
       with:
         app-id: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_ID }}
         private-key: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
-    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2026.02.09
+    - uses: wntrblm/nox@5a277b752f6094150e25237d47c34168e2b7526e # 2026.02.09
 
     - name: "Run update: dependencies"
       run: nox --force-color -s update_constraints
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Create Pull Request
       if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
-      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v8
+      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@c0f553fe549906ede9cf27b5156039d195d2ece0 # v8.1.0
       with:
         commit-message: Update dependencies
         title: '[Bot] Update dependencies'

.github/workflows/update-major-minor-tag.yml

@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Update the ${{ env.TAG_NAME }} tag
         id: update-major-minor-tag
-        uses: joerick/update-vX.Y-tag-action@v1.0
+        uses: joerick/update-vX.Y-tag-action@c4cefb60c33b82e4aa73a469e4acf30ee48d5812 # v1.0.2
         with:
           source-tag: ${{ env.TAG_NAME }}

.github/workflows/zizmor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: zizmor - GitHub Actions Security Analysis
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["main"]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: ["**"]
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  zizmor:
+    name: Run zizmor 🌈
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      security-events: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Run zizmor 🌈
+        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@71321a20a9ded102f6e9ce5718a2fcec2c4f70d8 # v0.5.2

.gitignore

@@ -112,3 +112,10 @@ site/
 
 # PyCharm
 .idea/
+
+# Lockfiles
+*.lock
+*.pylock
+
+# OS files
+.DS_Store

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ ci:
 
 repos:
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v6.0.0
+  rev: 3e8a8703264a2f4a69428a0aa4dcb512790b2c8c  # frozen: v6.0.0
   hooks:
   - id: check-case-conflict
   - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ repos:
   - id: trailing-whitespace
 
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.15.5
+  rev: 4924b0e01e032fea073ad04a1c5cfa7e4add0afb  # frozen: v0.15.6
   hooks:
   - id: ruff-check
-    args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
+    args: ["--fix"]
   - id: ruff-format
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v1.19.1
+  rev: a66e98df7b4aeeb3724184b332785976d062b92e  # frozen: v1.19.1
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
     name: mypy 3.11 on cibuildwheel/
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ repos:
     additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
 
 - repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
-  rev: v0.11.0.1
+  rev: 745eface02aef23e168a8afb6b5737818efbea95  # frozen: v0.11.0.1
   hooks:
   - id: shellcheck
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ repos:
     additional_dependencies: [cogapp>=3.5]
 
 - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-  rev: v2.4.2
+  rev: 2ccb47ff45ad361a21071a7eedda4c37e6ae8c5a  # frozen: v2.4.2
   hooks:
   - id: codespell
     args: ["-w"]
@@ -85,14 +85,13 @@ repos:
 
 
 - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-  rev: 0.37.0
+  rev: 9f48a48aa91a6040d749ad68ec70907d907a5a7f  # frozen: 0.37.0
   hooks:
     - id: check-dependabot
     - id: check-github-actions
     - id: check-github-workflows
     - id: check-gitlab-ci
-    # Disabled due to schema issue for now:
+    - id: check-readthedocs
-    # - id: check-readthedocs
     - id: check-travis
     - id: check-jsonschema
       name: Check projects

README.md

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
 
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
 
       - name: Build wheels
         run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -235,6 +235,16 @@ Changelog
 
 <!-- [[[cog from readme_changelog import mini_changelog; print(mini_changelog()) ]]] -->
 
+### v3.4.1
+
+_2 April 2026_
+
+- ⚠️ Building for the experimental CPython 3.13 free-threading variant is now deprecated. That functionality will be removed in the next minor release. The [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) option `cpython-freethreading` is therefore also deprecated. Builds specifying `enable = "all"` no longer select `cpython-freethreading`. CPython 3.14 free-threading support remains available without the `enable` flag. (#2787)
+- 🐛 iOS builds will no longer skip `repair-wheel-command` if it's defined in config (#2761)
+- 🐛 Fix bug causing `uv` to fail when environments define PYTHON_VERSION or UV_PYTHON, conflicting with our venvs (#2795)
+- ✨ cibuildwheel prints the selected build identifiers at the start of the build. (#2785)
+- 🔐 The GitHub Action now references other actions with a full SHA (#2744)
+
 ### v3.4.0
 
 _5 March 2026_
@@ -274,18 +284,7 @@ _12 October 2025_
 - 🐛 Fix the default MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET on Python 3.14 (#2613)
 - 📚 Docs improvements (#2617)
 
-### v3.2.0
+<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: NOLMd9iLDC) -->
-
-_22 September 2025_
-
-- ✨ Adds GraalPy v25 (Python 3.12) support (#2597)
-- 🛠 Update to CPython 3.14.0rc3 (#2602)
-- 🛠 Adds CPython 3.14.0 prerelease support for Android, and a number of improvements to Android builds (#2568, #2591)
-- 🛠 Improvements to testing on Android, passing environment markers when installing the venv, and providing more debug output when build-verbosity is set (#2575)
-- ⚠️ PyPy 3.10 was moved to `pypy-eol` in the `enable` option, as it is now end-of-life. (#2521)
-- 📚 Docs improvements (#2574, #2601, #2598)
-
-<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: aO1wNWSgKa) -->
 
 ---
 

action.yml

@@ -36,9 +36,10 @@ runs:
 
     - id: cibw
       run: |
-        # Install cibuildwheel
+        # Install cibuildwheel and build the command line
-        "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" -u << "EOF"
+        "$PYTHON" -u << "EOF"
         import os
+        import shlex
         import shutil
         import sys
         import venv
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ runs:
         from pathlib import Path
         from subprocess import run
 
-        EXTRAS = set(e.strip() for e in "${{ inputs.extras }}".split(",") if e.strip())
+        EXTRAS = set(e.strip() for e in os.environ.get("INPUT_EXTRAS", "").split(",") if e.strip())
 
 
         class EnvBuilder(venv.EnvBuilder):
@@ -59,14 +60,14 @@ runs:
             def post_setup(self, context):
                 super().post_setup(context)
                 self.bin_path = Path(context.env_exe).parent
-                install_spec = r"${{ github.action_path }}"
+                install_spec = os.environ["GITHUB_ACTION_PATH"]
                 if EXTRAS:
                     install_spec += f"[{','.join(sorted(EXTRAS))}]"
                 run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "--python", context.env_exe, "install", install_spec], check=True)
 
 
         print("::group::Install cibuildwheel")
-        venv_path = Path(r"${{ runner.temp }}") / "cibw"
+        venv_path = Path(os.environ["RUNNER_TEMP"]) / "cibw"
         if venv_path.exists():
             shutil.rmtree(venv_path)
 
@@ -88,34 +89,59 @@ runs:
 
         cibw_bin = [p for p in builder.bin_path.glob("cibuildwheel*") if p.stem == "cibuildwheel"][0]
 
+        # Build the command line
+        cmd_args = [str(cibw_bin), os.environ["INPUT_PACKAGE_DIR"]]
+
+        if output_dir := os.environ.get("INPUT_OUTPUT_DIR"):
+            cmd_args += ["--output-dir", output_dir]
+
+        if config_file := os.environ.get("INPUT_CONFIG_FILE"):
+            cmd_args += ["--config-file", config_file]
+
+        if only := os.environ.get("INPUT_ONLY"):
+            cmd_args += ["--only", only]
+
+        cmd_bash = shlex.join(cmd_args)
+
+        def pwsh_quote(text):
+            # Wrap in single quotes and double-up any existing single quotes
+            return "'" + str(text).replace("'", "''") + "'"
+
+        # Prepend '& ' so PowerShell executes the quoted binary path
+        cmd_pwsh = "& " + " ".join(pwsh_quote(arg) for arg in cmd_args)
+
         with open(os.environ["GITHUB_OUTPUT"], "at") as f:
-            f.write(f"cibw-bin={cibw_bin}\n")
             f.write(f"prepend-path={clean_bin_path}\n")
+            f.write(f"cmd-bash={cmd_bash}\n")
+            f.write(f"cmd-pwsh={cmd_pwsh}\n")
 
         print("::endgroup::")
         EOF
       shell: bash
+      env:
+        PYTHON: ${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}
+        INPUT_PACKAGE_DIR: ${{ inputs.package-dir }}
+        INPUT_OUTPUT_DIR: ${{ inputs.output-dir }}
+        INPUT_CONFIG_FILE: ${{ inputs.config-file }}
+        INPUT_ONLY: ${{ inputs.only }}
+        INPUT_EXTRAS: ${{ inputs.extras }}
 
     # Redirecting stderr to stdout to fix interleaving issue in Actions.
     - run: |
-        export PATH="${{ steps.cibw.outputs.prepend-path }}:$PATH"
+        export PATH="$CIBW_PREPEND_PATH:$PATH"
-
+        eval "$CIBW_CMD_BASH" 2>&1
-        "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-bin }}" \
-          "${{ inputs.package-dir }}" \
-          ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}} \
-          ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}} \
-          ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}} \
-          2>&1
       shell: bash
       if: runner.os != 'Windows'
+      env:
+        CIBW_PREPEND_PATH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.prepend-path }}
+        CIBW_CMD_BASH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cmd-bash }}
 
     # Windows needs powershell to interact nicely with Meson
     - run: |
-        $env:PATH = "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.prepend-path }};$env:PATH"
+        $env:PATH = "$env:CIBW_PREPEND_PATH;$env:PATH"
-        & "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-bin }}" `
+        Invoke-Expression $env:CIBW_CMD_PWSH
-          "${{ inputs.package-dir }}" `
-          ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}} `
-          ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}} `
-          ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
       shell: pwsh
       if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      env:
+        CIBW_PREPEND_PATH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.prepend-path }}
+        CIBW_CMD_PWSH: ${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cmd-pwsh }}

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "3.4.0"
+__version__ = "3.4.1"

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from tempfile import mkdtemp
 from typing import Any, Literal, TextIO
 
 import cibuildwheel
-import cibuildwheel.util
 from cibuildwheel import errors
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, allowed_architectures_check
 from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ class Unbuffered:
         self.stream.writelines(data)
         self.stream.flush()
 
-    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:  # noqa: ANN401
         return getattr(self.stream, attr)
 
 
@@ -432,17 +431,17 @@ def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: Sequence[str])
         msg = "\n".join(error_list)
         raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
 
+    n = len(identifiers)
+    print(f"{n} build{'s' if n != 1 else ''} selected:")
+    print(", ".join(identifiers))
+    print()
     print("Here we go!\n")
 
 
 def detect_errors(*, options: Options, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
     # Check for deprecated CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT environment variable
     if "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT" in os.environ:
-        yield (
+        yield "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT environment variable is no longer supported."
-            "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT environment variable is no longer supported. "
-            'Use tool.cibuildwheel.enable = ["cpython-freethreading"] in pyproject.toml '
-            "or set CIBW_ENABLE=cpython-freethreading instead."
-        )
 
     # Deprecated {python} and {pip}
     for option_name in ["test_command", "before_build"]:
@@ -469,6 +468,13 @@ def detect_warnings(*, options: Options) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
     build_selector = options.globals.build_selector
     test_selector = options.globals.test_selector
 
+    if EnableGroup.CPythonFreeThreading in build_selector.enable:
+        yield (
+            "'cpython-freethreading' enable is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. "
+            "It should be removed from tool.cibuildwheel.enable in pyproject.toml "
+            "or CIBW_ENABLE environment variable."
+        )
+
     all_valid_identifiers = [
         config.identifier
         for module in ALL_PLATFORM_MODULES.values()

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -6,11 +6,10 @@ import sys
 import typing
 from collections.abc import Set
 from enum import StrEnum, auto
-from typing import Final, Literal
+from typing import Final, Literal, Self
 
 from cibuildwheel import errors
-
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PlatformName
-from .typing import PlatformName
 
 PRETTY_NAMES: Final[dict[PlatformName, str]] = {
     "linux": "Linux",
@@ -83,34 +82,34 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
     arm64_iphonesimulator = auto()
     x86_64_iphonesimulator = auto()
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def parse_config(cls, config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Self]:
         result = set()
         for arch_str in re.split(r"[\s,]+", config):
             match arch_str:
                 case "auto":
-                    result |= Architecture.auto_archs(platform=platform)
+                    result |= cls.auto_archs(platform=platform)
                 case "native":
-                    if native_arch := Architecture.native_arch(platform=platform):
+                    if native_arch := cls.native_arch(platform=platform):
                         result.add(native_arch)
                 case "all":
-                    result |= Architecture.all_archs(platform=platform)
+                    result |= cls.all_archs(platform=platform)
                 case "auto64":
-                    result |= Architecture.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="64")
+                    result |= cls.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="64")
                 case "auto32":
-                    result |= Architecture.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="32")
+                    result |= cls.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="32")
                 case _:
                     try:
-                        result.add(Architecture(arch_str))
+                        result.add(cls(arch_str))
                     except ValueError as e:
                         msg = f"Invalid architecture '{arch_str}'"
                         raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
         return result
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def native_arch(platform: PlatformName) -> "Architecture | None":
+    def native_arch(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> Self | None:
         native_machine = platform_module.machine()
-        native_architecture = Architecture(native_machine)
+        native_architecture = cls(native_machine)
 
         # Cross-platform support. Used for --print-build-identifiers or docker builds.
         host_platform: PlatformName = (
@@ -120,15 +119,15 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
         )
 
         if platform == "pyodide":
-            return Architecture.wasm32
+            return cls.wasm32
         elif platform == "ios":
             # Can only build for iOS on macOS. The "native" architecture is the
             # simulator for the macOS native platform.
             if host_platform == "macos":
-                if native_architecture == Architecture.x86_64:
+                if native_architecture == cls.x86_64:
-                    return Architecture.x86_64_iphonesimulator
+                    return cls.x86_64_iphonesimulator
                 else:
-                    return Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator
+                    return cls.arm64_iphonesimulator
             else:
                 return None
 
@@ -140,64 +139,64 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
                 # can't build anything on this platform
                 return None
 
-            native_architecture = Architecture(synonym)
+            native_architecture = cls(synonym)
 
         return native_architecture
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def auto_archs(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Self]:
-        native_arch = Architecture.native_arch(platform)
+        native_arch = cls.native_arch(platform)
         if native_arch is None:
             return set()  # can't build anything on this platform
         result = {native_arch}
 
         match platform:
-            case "windows" if Architecture.AMD64 in result:
+            case "windows" if cls.AMD64 in result:
-                result.add(Architecture.x86)
+                result.add(cls.x86)
-            case "ios" if native_arch == Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator:
+            case "ios" if native_arch == cls.arm64_iphonesimulator:
                 # Also build the device wheel if we're on ARM64.
-                result.add(Architecture.arm64_iphoneos)
+                result.add(cls.arm64_iphoneos)
 
         return result
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def all_archs(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Self]:
         all_archs_map = {
             "linux": {
-                Architecture.x86_64,
+                cls.x86_64,
-                Architecture.i686,
+                cls.i686,
-                Architecture.aarch64,
+                cls.aarch64,
-                Architecture.ppc64le,
+                cls.ppc64le,
-                Architecture.s390x,
+                cls.s390x,
-                Architecture.armv7l,
+                cls.armv7l,
-                Architecture.riscv64,
+                cls.riscv64,
             },
-            "macos": {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64, Architecture.universal2},
+            "macos": {cls.x86_64, cls.arm64, cls.universal2},
-            "windows": {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64, Architecture.ARM64},
+            "windows": {cls.x86, cls.AMD64, cls.ARM64},
-            "pyodide": {Architecture.wasm32},
+            "pyodide": {cls.wasm32},
-            "android": {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64_v8a},
+            "android": {cls.x86_64, cls.arm64_v8a},
             "ios": {
-                Architecture.x86_64_iphonesimulator,
+                cls.x86_64_iphonesimulator,
-                Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator,
+                cls.arm64_iphonesimulator,
-                Architecture.arm64_iphoneos,
+                cls.arm64_iphoneos,
             },
         }
         return all_archs_map[platform]
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> "set[Architecture]":
+    def bitness_archs(cls, platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> set[Self]:
         # This map maps 64-bit architectures to their 32-bit equivalents.
         archs_map = {
-            Architecture.x86_64: Architecture.i686,
+            cls.x86_64: cls.i686,
-            Architecture.AMD64: Architecture.x86,
+            cls.AMD64: cls.x86,
-            Architecture.aarch64: Architecture.armv7l,
+            cls.aarch64: cls.armv7l,
         }
-        native_arch = Architecture.native_arch(platform)
+        native_arch = cls.native_arch(platform)
 
         if native_arch is None:
             return set()  # can't build anything on this platform
 
-        if native_arch == Architecture.wasm32:
+        if native_arch == cls.wasm32:
             return {native_arch} if bitness == "32" else set()
 
         match bitness:
@@ -207,7 +206,7 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
                 if native_arch in archs_map.values():
                     return {native_arch}
                 elif native_arch in archs_map and platform in {"linux", "windows"}:
-                    if native_arch == Architecture.aarch64 and not _check_aarch32_el0():
+                    if native_arch == cls.aarch64 and not _check_aarch32_el0():
                         # If we're on aarch64, skip if we cannot build armv7l wheels.
                         return set()
                     return {archs_map[native_arch]}

cibuildwheel/ci.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import os
 import re
 from enum import Enum
 
-from .util.helpers import strtobool
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import strtobool
 
 ANSI_CODE_REGEX = re.compile(r"(\033\[[0-9;]*m)")
 

cibuildwheel/environment.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from typing import Any, Protocol
 import bashlex
 import bashlex.errors
 
-from . import bashlex_eval
+from cibuildwheel import bashlex_eval
 
 
 class EnvironmentParseError(Exception):
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class ParsedEnvironment:
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({[repr(a) for a in self.assignments]!r})"
 
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> list[EnvironmentAssignment]:
         return self.assignments
 
 

cibuildwheel/extra.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def github_api_request(path: str, *, max_retries: int = 3) -> dict[str, Any]:
             # pylint: disable=E1101
             if (
                 isinstance(e, urllib.error.HTTPError)
-                and (e.code == 403 or e.code == 429)
+                and (e.code in {403, 429})
                 and e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-remaining") == "0"
             ):
                 reset_time = int(e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-reset", 0))

cibuildwheel/frontend.py

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import typing
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from typing import Literal, Self, get_args
 
-from .logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from .util.helpers import parse_key_value_string
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import parse_key_value_string
 
 BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]", "uv"]
 

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, AnyStr, Final, Literal
 
 import humanize
 
-from .ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, filter_ansi_codes
+from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider, filter_ansi_codes
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from .options import Options
+    from cibuildwheel.options import Options
 
 FoldPattern = tuple[str, str]
 DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN: Final[FoldPattern] = ("{name}", "")

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import IO, Literal, Self, assert_never
 
-from .ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
+from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
-from .errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
+from cibuildwheel.errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
-from .logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from .typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
-from .util.cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
-from .util.helpers import FlexibleVersion, parse_key_value_string, strtobool
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import FlexibleVersion, parse_key_value_string, strtobool
 
 ContainerEngineName = Literal["docker", "podman"]
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class OCIPlatform(Enum):
     S390X = "linux/s390x"
 
     @classmethod
-    def native(cls) -> "OCIPlatform":
+    def native(cls) -> Self:
         """Return the current OCI platform, or raise ValueError if unknown."""
         arch = platform.machine().lower()
         mapping = {

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@ from typing import Any, Final, Literal, Self, assert_never
 
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 
-from . import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from .architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
-from .frontend import BuildFrontendConfig
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendConfig
-from .logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from .oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
+from cibuildwheel.oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
-from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, resolve_dependency_groups
+from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, resolve_dependency_groups
-from .selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, TestSelector, selector_matches
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup, TestSelector, selector_matches
-from .typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
-from .util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from .util.helpers import format_safe, parse_key_value_string, strtobool, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import format_safe, parse_key_value_string, strtobool, unwrap
-from .util.packaging import DependencyConstraints
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import DependencyConstraints
 
 MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
     "x86_64",
@@ -686,6 +686,8 @@ class Options:
             skip_config = ""
             architectures = Architecture.all_archs(self.platform)
             enable |= EnableGroup.all_groups()
+            if args.only.startswith("cp313t-"):
+                enable.add(EnableGroup.CPythonFreeThreading)
 
         build_selector = BuildSelector(
             build_config=build_config,
@@ -987,8 +989,8 @@ class Options:
     def option_summary(
         self,
         option_name: str,
-        option_value: Any,
+        option_value: Any,  # noqa: ANN401
-        default_value: Any,
+        default_value: Any,  # noqa: ANN401
         overrides: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
         skip_unset: bool = False,
     ) -> str | None:
@@ -1040,7 +1042,7 @@ class Options:
             return value
 
     @staticmethod
-    def option_summary_value(option_value: Any) -> str:
+    def option_summary_value(option_value: Any) -> str:  # noqa: ANN401
         if hasattr(option_value, "options_summary"):
             option_value = option_value.options_summary()
 

cibuildwheel/platforms/__init__.py

@@ -1,19 +1,14 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import sys
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Final, Protocol
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Final, Protocol
 
 from cibuildwheel import errors
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
 from cibuildwheel.platforms import android, ios, linux, macos, pyodide, windows
-
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
+from cibuildwheel.typing import GenericPythonConfiguration, PlatformName
-    from collections.abc import Sequence
-    from pathlib import Path
-
-    from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-    from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-    from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-    from cibuildwheel.typing import GenericPythonConfiguration, PlatformName
 
 
 class PlatformModule(Protocol):

cibuildwheel/platforms/android.py

@@ -22,19 +22,19 @@ from elftools.common.exceptions import ELFError
 from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from .. import errors, platforms  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
+from cibuildwheel import errors, platforms  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
-from ..architecture import Architecture, arch_synonym
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, arch_synonym
-from ..frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags, parse_config_settings
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags, parse_config_settings
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..options import BuildOptions, Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
-from ..util.python_build_standalone import create_python_build_standalone_environment
+from cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone import create_python_build_standalone_environment
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
 ANDROID_TRIPLET = {
     "arm64_v8a": "aarch64-linux-android",

cibuildwheel/platforms/ios.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import dataclasses
 import os
 import platform
@@ -8,39 +6,26 @@ import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
+from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, assert_never
+from typing import assert_never
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..frontend import (
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-    BuildFrontendName,
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-    get_build_frontend_extra_flags,
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-)
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.platforms.macos import install_cpython as install_build_cpython
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell, split_command
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util.file import (
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell, split_command
-    copy_test_sources,
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
-    download,
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-    move_file,
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
-)
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import (
-    find_compatible_wheel,
-)
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
-from .macos import install_cpython as install_build_cpython
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
-
-    from ..architecture import Architecture
-    from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
-    from ..options import Options
-    from ..selector import BuildSelector
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
@@ -284,7 +269,8 @@ def setup_python(
     build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
     xbuild_tools: Sequence[str] | None,
 ) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
-    if build_frontend == "build[uv]" or build_frontend == "uv":
+    # Not using set because mypy can't narrow it
+    if build_frontend == "build[uv]" or build_frontend == "uv":  # noqa: PLR1714
         msg = "uv doesn't support iOS"
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
@@ -441,7 +427,8 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
             build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
             # uv doesn't support iOS
-            if build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" or build_frontend.name == "uv":
+            # Not using set because mypy can't narrow it
+            if build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" or build_frontend.name == "uv":  # noqa: PLR1714
                 msg = "uv doesn't support iOS"
                 raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 

cibuildwheel/platforms/linux.py

@@ -8,20 +8,20 @@ from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, assert_never
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
+from cibuildwheel.oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
-from ..options import BuildOptions, Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.file import copy_test_sources
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import copy_test_sources
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from ..typing import PathOrStr
+    from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
 
 ARCHITECTURE_OCI_PLATFORM_MAP = {
     Architecture.x86_64: OCIPlatform.AMD64,

cibuildwheel/platforms/macos.py

@@ -15,25 +15,20 @@ from typing import Literal, assert_never
 from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.version import Version
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..ci import detect_ci_provider
+from cibuildwheel.ci import detect_ci_provider
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-    copy_test_sources,
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-    download,
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
-    move_file,
-)
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
 
 @functools.cache
@@ -258,6 +253,10 @@ def setup_python(
     # https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/620
     # Also see https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/9516
     env.pop("__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__", None)
+    # uv uses this over the current environment's python, so remove it to avoid confusion
+    env.pop("PYTHON_VERSION", None)
+    env.pop("PYTHON_ARCH", None)
+    env.pop("UV_PYTHON", None)
 
     # we version pip ourselves, so we don't care about pip version checking
     env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
@@ -375,6 +374,8 @@ def setup_python(
                 uv_path,
                 "pip",
                 "install",
+                "--python",
+                which_python,
                 "--upgrade",
                 "delocate",
                 "build[virtualenv, uv]",
@@ -387,6 +388,8 @@ def setup_python(
                 uv_path,
                 "pip",
                 "install",
+                "--python",
+                which_python,
                 "--upgrade",
                 "delocate",
                 *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),

cibuildwheel/platforms/pyodide.py

@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ from typing import Final, TypedDict
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import (
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
     copy_test_sources,
     download,
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ from ..util.file import (
     extract_zip,
     move_file,
 )
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
-from ..util.python_build_standalone import (
+from cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone import (
     PythonBuildStandaloneError,
     create_python_build_standalone_environment,
 )
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
 
 IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
 
@@ -285,7 +285,6 @@ def setup_python(
         "install",
         "--upgrade",
         "pyodide-build",
-        "build[virtualenv]",
         *constraint_flags(constraints_path),
         env=env,
     )

cibuildwheel/platforms/windows.py

@@ -12,19 +12,25 @@ from typing import assert_never
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from .. import errors
+from cibuildwheel import errors
-from ..architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
-from ..environment import ParsedEnvironment
+from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from ..frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendName, get_build_frontend_extra_flags
-from ..logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.logger import log
-from ..options import Options
+from cibuildwheel.options import Options
-from ..selector import BuildSelector
+from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
-from ..util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from ..util.cmd import call, shell
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from ..util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, extract_zip, move_file
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
-from ..util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-from ..util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+    copy_test_sources,
-from ..venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
+    download,
+    extract_zip,
+    move_file,
+)
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
+from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
 
 def get_nuget_args(
@@ -287,7 +293,9 @@ def setup_python(
     # set up environment variables for run_with_env
     env["PYTHON_VERSION"] = python_configuration.version
     env["PYTHON_ARCH"] = python_configuration.arch
-    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
+    env.pop("UV_PYTHON", None)
+    if not use_uv:
+        env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
 
     # update env with results from CIBW_ENVIRONMENT
     env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
@@ -328,6 +336,8 @@ def setup_python(
                 uv_path,
                 "pip",
                 "install",
+                "--python",
+                where_python,
                 "--upgrade",
                 "build[virtualenv]",
                 *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -179,8 +179,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.21-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.21-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
   { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.1/graalpy-25.0.1-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-win64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.21-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-windows-amd64.zip" },
   { identifier = "gp312_250-win_amd64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.2/graalpy-25.0.2-windows-amd64.zip" },
 ]

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide312.txt

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ build==1.2.2.post1
     #   pyodide-build
 certifi==2026.2.25
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.5
+charset-normalizer==3.4.6
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ click==8.1.8
     #   pyodide-cli
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.25.0
+filelock==3.25.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pyodide-lock==0.1.2
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.1.1
+python-discovery==1.2.0
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.32.5
     # via pyodide-build
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ typing-inspection==0.4.2
     # via pydantic
 urllib3==2.6.3
     # via requests
-virtualenv==21.1.0
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide313.txt

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ build==1.2.2.post1
     #   pyodide-build
 certifi==2026.2.25
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.5
+charset-normalizer==3.4.6
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ click==8.1.8
     #   pyodide-cli
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.25.0
+filelock==3.25.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pyodide-lock==0.1.2
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.1.1
+python-discovery==1.2.0
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.32.5
     # via pyodide-build
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ typing-inspection==0.4.2
     # via pydantic
 urllib3==2.6.3
     # via requests
-virtualenv==21.1.0
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.25.0
+filelock==3.25.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.7.1
+importlib-metadata==9.0.0
     # via build
 macholib==1.16.4
     # via delocate
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ platformdirs==4.9.4
     #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.1.1
+python-discovery==1.2.0
     # via virtualenv
 tomli==2.4.0
     # via build
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   virtualenv
-virtualenv==21.1.0
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.23.0
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python311.txt

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.25.0
+filelock==3.25.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ platformdirs==4.9.4
     #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.1.1
+python-discovery==1.2.0
     # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==21.1.0
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python312.txt

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.25.0
+filelock==3.25.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ platformdirs==4.9.4
     #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.1.1
+python-discovery==1.2.0
     # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==21.1.0
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python313.txt

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.25.0
+filelock==3.25.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ platformdirs==4.9.4
     #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.1.1
+python-discovery==1.2.0
     # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==21.1.0
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python314.txt

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.25.0
+filelock==3.25.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ platformdirs==4.9.4
     #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.1.1
+python-discovery==1.2.0
     # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==21.1.0
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python38.txt

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ platformdirs==4.3.6
     #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.1.1
+python-discovery==1.2.0
     # via virtualenv
 tomli==2.4.0
     # via build
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ typing-extensions==4.13.2
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   virtualenv
-virtualenv==21.1.0
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.20.2
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ platformdirs==4.4.0
     #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.1.1
+python-discovery==1.2.0
     # via virtualenv
 tomli==2.4.0
     # via build
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via
     #   delocate
     #   virtualenv
-virtualenv==21.1.0
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.23.0
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.4.0
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.25.0
+filelock==3.25.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ platformdirs==4.9.4
     #   virtualenv
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.1.1
+python-discovery==1.2.0
     # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.15.0
     # via delocate
-virtualenv==21.1.0
+virtualenv==21.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,54 +1,54 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2026.03.06-3
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
 
 [i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2026.03.06-3
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2026.03.20-1
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2026.03.06-3
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2026.03.06-3
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2026.03.20-1
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2026.03.06-3
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2026.03.20-1
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.03.20-1
 
 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.03.20-1
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.03.20-1
 
 [armv7l]
-manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2026.03.20-1
-manylinux_2_35 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_35_armv7l:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_35 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_35_armv7l:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2026.03.06-3
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2026.03.20-1
 
 [riscv64]
-manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2026.03.06-3
+manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2026.03.20-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2026.03.06-3
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2026.03.20-1
 

cibuildwheel/resources/python-build-standalone-releases.json

@@ -1,483 +1,723 @@
 {
   "releases": [
     {
-      "tag": "20260303",
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+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-s390x-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64-apple-darwin-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64-apple-darwin-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64-apple-darwin-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-freethreaded-install_only.tar.gz"
+        },
+        {
+          "name": "cpython-3.15.0a7+20260320-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz",
+          "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20260320/cpython-3.15.0a7%2B20260320-x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl-install_only.tar.gz"
         }
       ]
     }

cibuildwheel/resources/virtualenv.toml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-default = { version = "21.1.0", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/download/21.1.0/virtualenv.pyz" }
+default = { version = "21.2.0", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/download/21.2.0/virtualenv.pyz" }

cibuildwheel/schema.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import json
 from typing import Any
 
-from .util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
 
 
 def get_schema(tool_name: str = "cibuildwheel") -> dict[str, Any]:

cibuildwheel/selector.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import dataclasses
 import itertools
 from enum import StrEnum
 from fnmatch import fnmatch
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Self
 
 import bracex
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
@@ -37,11 +37,12 @@ class EnableGroup(StrEnum):
     PyodidePrerelease = "pyodide-prerelease"
 
     @classmethod
-    def all_groups(cls) -> frozenset["EnableGroup"]:
+    def all_groups(cls) -> frozenset[Self]:
-        return frozenset(cls)
+        # see https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/20434 for the reason to type: ignore[arg-type]
+        return frozenset(set(cls) - {cls.CPythonFreeThreading})  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse_option_value(cls, value: str) -> frozenset["EnableGroup"]:
+    def parse_option_value(cls, value: str) -> frozenset[Self]:
         """
         Parses a string of space-separated values into a set of EnableGroup
         members. The string may contain group names or "all".
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ class BuildSelector:
 
         return should_build and not should_skip
 
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> dict[str, str | list[str]]:
         return {
             "build_config": self.build_config,
             "skip_config": self.skip_config,
@@ -134,5 +135,5 @@ class TestSelector:
         should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
         return not should_skip
 
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         return {"skip_config": self.skip_config}

cibuildwheel/util/cmd.py

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import typing
 from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
 from typing import Final, Literal
 
-from ..errors import FatalError
+from cibuildwheel.errors import FatalError
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
 
 _IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
 

cibuildwheel/util/file.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from zipfile import ZipFile
 import certifi
 from platformdirs import user_cache_path
 
-from ..errors import FatalError
+from cibuildwheel.errors import FatalError
 
 DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
 CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(

cibuildwheel/util/helpers.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import textwrap
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 
-from ..typing import PathOrStr
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
 
 
 def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:

cibuildwheel/util/packaging.py

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ import shlex
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from typing import Any, Literal, Self, TypeVar
+from typing import Literal, Self, TypeVar
 
 from packaging.utils import parse_wheel_filename
 
-from . import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from .cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
-from .helpers import parse_key_value_string, unwrap
+from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import parse_key_value_string, unwrap
 
 
 @dataclass(kw_only=True)
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class DependencyConstraints:
 
         return None
 
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
         if self == DependencyConstraints.pinned():
             return "pinned"
         elif self.packages:
@@ -169,10 +169,9 @@ def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
             elif platform.startswith("pyodide"):
                 # each Pyodide version has its own platform tag
                 continue
-            else:
+            # Windows should exactly match
-                # Windows should exactly match
+            elif tag.platform != platform:
-                if tag.platform != platform:
+                continue
-                    continue
 
             # If all the filters above pass, then the wheel is a previously built compatible wheel.
             return wheel

cibuildwheel/util/resources.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import tomllib
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final
 
-from ..typing import PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PlatformName
 
 PATH: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "resources"
 INSTALL_CERTIFI_SCRIPT: Final[Path] = PATH / "install_certifi.py"

cibuildwheel/venv.py

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
 from packaging.version import Version
 
-from .util import resources
+from cibuildwheel.util import resources
-from .util.cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
-from .util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download
 
 _IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
 

docs/changelog.md

@@ -4,6 +4,16 @@ title: Changelog
 
 # Changelog
 
+### v3.4.1
+
+_2 April 2026_
+
+- ⚠️ Building for the experimental CPython 3.13 free-threading variant is now deprecated. That functionality will be removed in the next minor release. The [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) option `cpython-freethreading` is therefore also deprecated. Builds specifying `enable = "all"` no longer select `cpython-freethreading`. CPython 3.14 free-threading support remains available without the `enable` flag. (#2787)
+- 🐛 iOS builds will no longer skip `repair-wheel-command` if it's defined in config (#2761)
+- 🐛 Fix bug causing `uv` to fail when environments define PYTHON_VERSION or UV_PYTHON, conflicting with our venvs (#2795)
+- ✨ cibuildwheel prints the selected build identifiers at the start of the build. (#2785)
+- 🔐 The GitHub Action now references other actions with a full SHA (#2744)
+
 ### v3.4.0
 
 _5 March 2026_
@@ -167,6 +177,12 @@ See @henryiii's [release post](https://iscinumpy.dev/post/cibuildwheel-3-0-0/) f
 - 📚 Docs now primarily use the pyproject.toml name of options, rather than the environment variable name. (#2389)
 - 📚 README table now matches docs and auto-updates. (#2427, #2428)
 
+### v2.23.4
+
+_16 March 2026_
+
+- 🐛 Fix HTTP 429 errors while downloading virtualenv from GitHub blob URLs – uses a https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ URL instead. (#2775)
+
 ### v2.23.3
 
 _26 April 2025_

docs/faq.md

@@ -125,11 +125,14 @@ There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
 
 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.0
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.1
 ```
 
 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
 
+!!! note "Minor version tags"
+    Unlike some GitHub Actions, cibuildwheel does **not** provide a floating `@v3` major-version tag, since our minor version change can add/remove wheels. You can, however, pin to a minor version such as `@v3.4` to automatically receive patch releases within that minor version. Dependabot (shown below) is the recommended way to stay up to date.
+
 Then, your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
 
 ```yaml
@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `
 
 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+cibuildwheel==3.4.1
 ```
 
 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
@@ -312,7 +315,7 @@ Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to use pipx:
 # most runners have pipx preinstalled, but in case you don't
 python3 -m pip install pipx
 
-pipx run cibuildwheel==3.4.0 --output-dir wheelhouse
+pipx run cibuildwheel==3.4.1 --output-dir wheelhouse
 pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 

docs/main.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import rich.console
 import rich.text
 
 
-def define_env(env: Any) -> None:
+def define_env(env: Any) -> None:  # noqa: ANN401
     "Hook function for mkdocs-macros"
 
     @env.macro  # type: ignore[untyped-decorator]

docs/working-examples.md

@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ title: Working examples
 | [keyvi][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | FST based key value index highly optimized for size and lookup performance, utilizes ccache action for improved runtime |
 | [PyGLM][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Fast OpenGL Mathematics (GLM) for Python |
 | [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
-| [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [power-grid-model][]              | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis |
+| [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [streaming-form-data][]           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Streaming parser for multipart/form-data written in Cython |
-| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
 | [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast Base64 encoding/decoding in Python |
+| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
 | [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
 | [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
 | [Python-WebRTC][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | a Python extension that provides bindings to WebRTC M92 |
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ title: Working examples
 | [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
 | [cf-units][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Units of measure as required by the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions |
-| [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
 | [SiPM][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | High performance library for SiPM detectors simulation using C++17, OpenMP and AVX2 intrinsics. |
+| [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
 | [aalink][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Async Python interface for Ableton Link. |
 | [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
 | [ril][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A python binding to Rust Imaging library using maturin and Pyo3, utilizes Github Action cache to improve speed. Builds abi3 wheels. |
@@ -203,11 +203,11 @@ title: Working examples
 [keyvi]: https://github.com/KeyviDev/keyvi
 [PyGLM]: https://github.com/Zuzu-Typ/PyGLM
 [iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
-[TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
 [power-grid-model]: https://github.com/PowerGridModel/power-grid-model
+[TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
 [streaming-form-data]: https://github.com/siddhantgoel/streaming-form-data
-[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
 [pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
+[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
 [bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
 [boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
 [Python-WebRTC]: https://github.com/MarshalX/python-webrtc
@@ -219,8 +219,8 @@ title: Working examples
 [ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
 [etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
 [cf-units]: https://github.com/SciTools/cf-units
-[numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
 [SiPM]: https://github.com/EdoPro98/SimSiPM
+[numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
 [aalink]: https://github.com/artfwo/aalink
 [pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
 [ril]: https://github.com/Cryptex-github/ril-py

examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip3 install cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+        pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels

examples/circleci-minimal.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux wheels.
           command: |
-            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==3.4.1
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux aarch64 wheels.
           command: |
-            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==3.4.1
             python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           name: Build the OS X wheels.
           command: |
             sudo softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license  # for python<=3.8 or x86_64/universal2 tests
-            pip3 install cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+            pip3 install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/

examples/cirrus-ci-intel-mac.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
   install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
   run_cibuildwheel_script:
     - cibuildwheel
   wheels_artifacts:

examples/cirrus-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
   install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
   run_cibuildwheel_script:
     - cibuildwheel
   wheels_artifacts:

examples/github-deploy.yml

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.1
         env:
           CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.platform || 'auto' }}
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.archs || 'auto' }}

examples/github-minimal.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.1
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
         #   ...

examples/github-pipx.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        run: pipx run cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+        run: pipx run cibuildwheel==3.4.1
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:

examples/github-with-qemu.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
           platforms: all
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.1
         env:
           # configure cibuildwheel on Linux to build native archs ('auto'),
           # and to split the remaining architectures between the x86_64 and

examples/gitlab-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ linux:
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:
     paths:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ windows:
   before_script:
     - choco install python -y --allow-downgrade --version 3.12.4
     - choco install git.install -y
-    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
   script:
     - py -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform windows
   artifacts:
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ windows:
 macos:
   image: macos-14-xcode-15
   before_script:
-    - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+    - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
   script:
     - python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:

examples/gitlab-with-qemu.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ linux:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
     # Warning: This is extremely slow, be careful with how many wheels you build
     - docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.4.1
     # Assuming your CI runner's default architecture is x86_64...
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform linux --archs aarch64
   artifacts:

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "cibuildwheel"
-version = "3.4.0"
+version = "3.4.1"
 description = "Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration."
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "BSD-2-Clause"
@@ -128,17 +128,10 @@ files = [
     "noxfile.py",
 ]
 warn_unused_configs = true
-
 strict = true
-disallow_untyped_defs = false
-
 enable_error_code = ["ignore-without-code", "redundant-expr", "truthy-bool"]
 warn_unreachable = false
 
-[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
-module = "cibuildwheel.*"
-disallow_untyped_defs = true
-
 [[tool.mypy.overrides]]
 module = [
     "setuptools._distutils", # needed even if only directly import setuptools._distutils.util
@@ -190,6 +183,7 @@ messages_control.disable = [
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff]
+show-fixes = true
 line-length = 100
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]
@@ -197,6 +191,7 @@ extend-select = [
   "B",           # flake8-bugbear
   "I",           # isort
   "ARG",         # flake8-unused-arguments
+  "ANN",         # flake8-annotations
   "C4",          # flake8-comprehensions
   "EM",          # flake8-errmsg
   "ICN",         # flake8-import-conventions
@@ -211,6 +206,7 @@ extend-select = [
   "RUF",         # Ruff-specific
   "SIM",         # flake8-simplify
   "TID251",      # flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api
+  "TID252",      # flake8-tidy-imports.relative-imports
   "UP",          # pyupgrade
   "YTT",         # flake8-2020
   "EXE",         # flake8-executable
@@ -227,15 +223,17 @@ extend-select = [
   "TC",          # flake8-type-checking
 ]
 ignore = [
-  "PLR",     # Design related pylint codes
+  "PLR09",   # Design related pylint codes
+  "PLR2004", # Magic value in comparison
   "RET504", "RET505", "RET508",  # else after control flow
   "PT007",   # Lists of tuples in Pytest
   "PYI025",  # Set as AbstractSet
-  "ISC001",  # Conflicts with formatter
-  "EXE003",  # Ruff doesn't like uv?
   "PTH123",  # open -> Path.open
 ]
 flake8-unused-arguments.ignore-variadic-names = true
+flake8-tidy-imports.ban-relative-imports = "all"
+flake8-annotations.allow-star-arg-any = true
+flake8-annotations.mypy-init-return = true
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api]
 "typing.Mapping".msg = "Use collections.abc.Mapping instead."
@@ -245,7 +243,8 @@ flake8-unused-arguments.ignore-variadic-names = true
 "typing.Set".msg = "Use collections.abc.Set instead."
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
-"unit_test/*" = ["PLC1901"]
+"unit_test/*" = ["PLC1901", "TID252"]
+"test/*" = ["TID252"]
 "bin/*" = ["TID251"]
 "cibuildwheel/resources/install_certifi.py" = ["PTH"]
 

test/conftest.py

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser: pytest.Parser) -> None:
     )
 
 
-def pytest_configure(config):
+def pytest_configure(config: pytest.Config) -> None:
     flag_enable = config.getoption("--enable")
     flag_platform = config.getoption("--platform")
 

test/test_0_basic.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import packaging.utils
 import pytest
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
 
 
 @pytest.mark.serial
-def test_dummy_serial():
+def test_dummy_serial() -> None:
     """A no-op test to ensure that at least one serial test is always found.
 
     Without this no-op test, CI fails on CircleCI because no serial tests are
@@ -29,7 +30,9 @@ def test_dummy_serial():
     """
 
 
-def test(tmp_path, build_frontend_env, capfd):
+def test(
+    tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env: dict[str, str], capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ def test(tmp_path, build_frontend_env, capfd):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skip(reason="to keep test output clean")
-def test_sample_build(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_sample_build(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -70,7 +73,9 @@ def test_sample_build(tmp_path, capfd):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "enable_setting", ["", "cpython-prerelease", "pypy", "cpython-freethreading"]
 )
-def test_build_identifiers(tmp_path, enable_setting, monkeypatch):
+def test_build_identifiers(
+    tmp_path: Path, enable_setting: str, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -93,7 +98,9 @@ def test_build_identifiers(tmp_path, enable_setting, monkeypatch):
         (None, {"CIBW_ALLOW_EMPTY": "1"}),
     ],
 )
-def test_allow_empty(tmp_path, add_args, env_allow_empty):
+def test_allow_empty(
+    tmp_path: Path, add_args: list[str] | None, env_allow_empty: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_abi_variants.py

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
 
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ limited_api_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
 limited_api_project.files["pyproject.toml"] = pyproject_toml
 
 
-def test_abi3(tmp_path):
+def test_abi3(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     limited_api_project.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ def test_abi3(tmp_path):
         add_env={
             # free_threaded, GraalPy, and PyPy do not have a Py_LIMITED_API equivalent, just build one of those
             # also limit the number of builds for test performance reasons
-            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-* cp310-* pp310-* gp312_250-* cp312-* cp313t-*",
+            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-* cp310-* pp310-* gp312_250-* cp312-* cp314t-*",
             "CIBW_ENABLE": "all",
         },
     )
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ def test_abi3(tmp_path):
             python_abi_tags=[
                 "cp39-cp39",
                 "cp310-abi3",  # <-- ABI3, works with 3.10 and 3.12
-                "cp313-cp313t",
+                "cp314-cp314t",
                 "pp310-pypy310_pp73",
                 "graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native",
             ],
@@ -178,7 +181,7 @@ ctypes_project.files["test/add_test.py"] = textwrap.dedent(
 ctypes_project.files["pyproject.toml"] = pyproject_toml
 
 
-def test_abi_none(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_abi_none(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     ctypes_project.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ def test_abi_none(tmp_path, capfd):
             "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": "pytest",
             "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": f"{utils.invoke_pytest()} {{project}}/test",
             # limit the number of builds for test performance reasons
-            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp38-* cp{}{}-* cp313t-* pp310-*".format(*utils.SINGLE_PYTHON_VERSION),
+            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp38-* cp{}{}-* cp314t-* pp310-*".format(*utils.SINGLE_PYTHON_VERSION),
             "CIBW_ENABLE": "all",
         },
     )

test/test_android.py

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import os
 import platform
 import re
 import sys
+import typing
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from shutil import rmtree, which
@@ -52,8 +54,10 @@ if "ANDROID_HOME" not in os.environ:
 # Many CI services don't support running the Android emulator: see platforms.md.
 supports_emulator = (not ci) or ("GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ and platform.system() == "Linux")
 
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound=Callable[..., typing.Any])
 
-def needs_emulator(test):
+
+def needs_emulator(test: T) -> T:
     # All copies of the testbed app run on the same emulator with the same
     # application ID, so these tests must be run serially.
     test = pytest.mark.serial(test)
@@ -85,7 +89,7 @@ cp313_env = {
 }
 
 
-def test_android_home(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_android_home(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
     env = os.environ.copy()
     del env["ANDROID_HOME"]
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ def test_android_home(tmp_path, capfd):
 # a build, which is marked as serial so it will run before the parallel tests, but isn't
 # marked as needs_emulator so it will run on all CI platforms.
 @pytest.mark.serial
-def test_expected_wheels(tmp_path, spam_env):
+def test_expected_wheels(tmp_path: Path, spam_env: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     # Since this test covers all Python versions, check the cross venv.
     test_module = "_cross_venv_test_android"
     project = new_c_project(setup_py_add=f"import {test_module}")
@@ -119,7 +123,7 @@ def test_expected_wheels(tmp_path, spam_env):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_frontend_good(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
+def test_frontend_good(tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
     wheels = cibuildwheel_run(
         tmp_path,
@@ -129,7 +133,7 @@ def test_frontend_good(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("frontend", ["pip"])
-def test_frontend_bad(frontend, tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_frontend_bad(frontend: str, tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
     with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError):
         cibuildwheel_run(
@@ -140,7 +144,7 @@ def test_frontend_bad(frontend, tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_archs(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_archs(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
 
     # Build all architectures while checking the handling of the `before` commands.
@@ -189,7 +193,7 @@ def test_archs(tmp_path, capfd):
         pytest.fail(f"Unexpected line: {line!r}")
 
 
-def test_build_requires(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_build_requires(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     # Build-time requirements should be installed for the build platform, not for Android. Prove
     # this by installing some non-pure-Python requirements and using them in setup.py.
     #
@@ -226,13 +230,13 @@ def test_build_requires(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def spam_env(tmp_path):
+def spam_env(tmp_path: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
     project = new_c_project()
     project.files["test_spam.py"] = dedent(
         """\
         import spam
 
-        def test_spam():
+        def test_spam() -> None:
             assert spam.filter("ham")
             assert not spam.filter("spam")
             print("Spam test passed")
@@ -240,7 +244,7 @@ def spam_env(tmp_path):
     )
     project.files["test_empty.py"] = dedent(
         """\
-        def test_empty():
+        def test_empty() -> None:
             pass
         """
     )
@@ -265,7 +269,13 @@ def spam_env(tmp_path):
         ("pytest test_spam.py", "=== 1 passed in "),
     ],
 )
-def test_test_command_good(command, expected_output, tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
+def test_test_command_good(
+    command: str,
+    expected_output: str,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    spam_env: dict[str, str],
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
     cibuildwheel_run(tmp_path, add_env={**spam_env, "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": command})
     stdout, stderr = capfd.readouterr()
     assert expected_output in stdout
@@ -300,7 +310,13 @@ BAD_PLACEHOLDER_ERROR = (
         ("pytest test_ham.py", "not found: test_ham.py"),
     ],
 )
-def test_test_command_bad(command, expected_output, tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
+def test_test_command_bad(
+    command: str,
+    expected_output: str,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    spam_env: dict[str, str],
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError):
         cibuildwheel_run(tmp_path, add_env={**spam_env, "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": command})
     assert expected_output in capfd.readouterr().err
@@ -314,7 +330,9 @@ def test_test_command_bad(command, expected_output, tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
         ("-E", 1),
     ],
 )
-def test_test_command_python_options(options, expected, tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_test_command_python_options(
+    options: str, expected: int, tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
     project = new_c_project()
     project.generate(tmp_path)
 
@@ -330,7 +348,9 @@ def test_test_command_python_options(options, expected, tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_package_subdir(tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
+def test_package_subdir(
+    tmp_path: Path, spam_env: dict[str, str], capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
     spam_paths = list(tmp_path.iterdir())
     package_dir = tmp_path / "package"
     package_dir.mkdir()
@@ -345,7 +365,7 @@ def test_package_subdir(tmp_path, spam_env, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_no_test_sources(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_no_test_sources(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
     with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError):
         cibuildwheel_run(
@@ -359,17 +379,17 @@ def test_no_test_sources(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_environment_markers(tmp_path):
+def test_environment_markers(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project = new_c_project()
     test_filename = "test_environment_markers.py"
     project.files[test_filename] = dedent(
         """\
         import pytest
 
-        def test_android():
+        def test_android() -> None:
             import certifi
 
-        def test_not_android():
+        def test_not_android() -> None:
             try:
                 import platformdirs
             except ImportError:
@@ -392,7 +412,7 @@ def test_environment_markers(tmp_path):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_verbosity(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_verbosity(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     new_c_project().generate(tmp_path)
     test_env = {
         **cp313_env,
@@ -418,7 +438,7 @@ def test_verbosity(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_api_level(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_api_level(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     project = new_c_project()
     project.files["pyproject.toml"] = dedent(
         """\
@@ -450,7 +470,7 @@ def test_api_level(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_libcxx(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_libcxx(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     output_dir = tmp_path / "output"
 
@@ -499,7 +519,7 @@ def test_libcxx(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_setuptools_rust(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_setuptools_rust(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     """
     Test Android cross-compilation using the setuptools-rust toolchain.
     """
@@ -584,7 +604,7 @@ def test_setuptools_rust(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @needs_emulator
-def test_maturin(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_maturin(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     """
     Test Android cross-compilation using the maturin backend.
     """

test/test_before_all.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ project_with_before_build_asserts = test_projects.new_c_project(
 )
 
 
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_before_build_asserts.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ def test(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_failing_command(tmp_path):
+def test_failing_command(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     test_projects.new_c_project().generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ def test_failing_command(tmp_path):
         )
 
 
-def test_cwd(tmp_path):
+def test_cwd(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     test_projects.new_c_project().generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_before_build.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ project_with_before_build_asserts = test_projects.new_c_project(
 )
 
 
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_before_build_asserts.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ def test(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_failing_command(tmp_path):
+def test_failing_command(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     test_projects.new_c_project().generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ def test_failing_command(tmp_path):
         )
 
 
-def test_cwd(tmp_path):
+def test_cwd(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     test_projects.new_c_project().generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_before_test.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
 from . import test_projects, utils
 
 before_test_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ PROJECT_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
 
 
 class TestBeforeTest(TestCase):
-    def test_version(self):
+    def test_version(self) -> None:
         # assert that the Python version as written to pythonversion_bt.txt in the CIBW_BEFORE_TEST step
         # is the same one as is currently running.
         # because of use symlinks in MacOS run this test is also need
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ class TestBeforeTest(TestCase):
         print('sys.version', sys.version)
         assert stored_version == sys.version
 
-    def test_prefix(self):
+    def test_prefix(self) -> None:
         # check that the prefix also was written
         stored_prefix = PROJECT_DIR.joinpath('pythonprefix_bt.txt').read_text()
         print('stored_prefix', stored_prefix)
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ class TestBeforeTest(TestCase):
 """
 
 
-def test(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
+def test(tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     before_test_project.generate(project_dir)
     test_project_dir = project_dir / "dependency"

test/test_build_frontend_args.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -12,7 +13,9 @@ from . import test_projects, utils
         "build",
     ],
 )
-def test_build_frontend_args(tmp_path, capfd, frontend_name):
+def test_build_frontend_args(
+    tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str], frontend_name: str
+) -> None:
     project = test_projects.new_c_project()
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project.generate(project_dir)

test/test_build_skip.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ project_with_skip_asserts = test_projects.new_c_project(
 )
 
 
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_skip_asserts.generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_container_engine.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
@@ -5,7 +7,9 @@ from . import test_projects, utils
 basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
 
 
-def test_podman(tmp_path, capfd, request):
+def test_podman(
+    tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str], request: pytest.FixtureRequest
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")
 
@@ -35,7 +39,7 @@ def test_podman(tmp_path, capfd, request):
     assert "test log statement from before-all" in captured.out
 
 
-def test_create_args(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_create_args(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")
 

test/test_container_images.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import platform
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ dockcross_only_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
 
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("docker_cleanup")
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")
     if platform.machine() not in ["x86_64", "i686"]:

test/test_cpp_standards.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import jinja2
 
 from . import utils
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ cpp_test_project.files["setup.py"] = jinja2.Template(setup_py_template)
 cpp_test_project.files["spam.cpp"] = jinja2.Template(spam_cpp_template)
 
 
-def test_cpp11(tmp_path):
+def test_cpp11(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # This test checks that the C++11 standard is supported
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     cpp11_project = cpp_test_project.copy()
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ def test_cpp11(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_cpp14(tmp_path):
+def test_cpp14(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # This test checks that the C++14 standard is supported
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     cpp14_project = cpp_test_project.copy()
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ def test_cpp14(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_cpp17(tmp_path):
+def test_cpp17(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # This test checks that the C++17 standard is supported
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     cpp17_project = cpp_test_project.copy()

test/test_custom_repair_wheel.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
 from contextlib import nullcontext as does_not_raise
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ shutil.copy(wheel, dest)
 """
 
 
-def test(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     # this test checks that a generated wheel name shall be unique in a given cibuildwheel run
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ def test(tmp_path, capfd):
     ],
     ids=["no-placeholder", "package-placeholder", "project-placeholder"],
 )
-def test_repair_wheel_command_structure(tmp_path, repair_command):
+def test_repair_wheel_command_structure(tmp_path: Path, repair_command: str) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project = test_projects.new_c_project()
     project.files["repair.py"] = textwrap.dedent("""

test/test_dependency_versions.py

@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ for name, expected_version in expected_versions.items():
 """
 
 
-def test_check_versions_script(tmp_path, build_frontend_env_nouv, capfd):
+def test_check_versions_script(
+    tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env_nouv: dict[str, str], capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() == "linux":
         pytest.skip("we don't test dependency versions on linux, refer to other tests")
 
@@ -76,7 +78,9 @@ def get_versions_from_constraint_file(constraint_file: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("python_version", ["3.8", "3.12"])
-def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env_nouv):
+def test_pinned_versions(
+    tmp_path: Path, python_version: str, build_frontend_env_nouv: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() == "linux":
         pytest.skip("linux doesn't pin individual tool versions, it pins manylinux images instead")
     if python_version != "3.12" and utils.get_platform() == "pyodide":
@@ -127,7 +131,9 @@ def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env_nouv):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["inline", "file"])
-def test_dependency_constraints(method, tmp_path, build_frontend_env_nouv):
+def test_dependency_constraints(
+    method: str, tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env_nouv: dict[str, str]
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() == "linux":
         pytest.skip("linux doesn't pin individual tool versions, it pins manylinux images instead")
 

test/test_emulation.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import itertools
 import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -10,13 +11,13 @@ project_with_a_test = test_projects.new_c_project()
 project_with_a_test.files["test/spam_test.py"] = r"""
 import spam
 
-def test_spam():
+def test_spam() -> None:
     assert spam.filter("spam") == 0
     assert spam.filter("ham") != 0
 """
 
 
-def test(tmp_path, request):
+def test(tmp_path: Path, request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> None:
     archs = request.config.getoption("--run-emulation")
     if archs is None:
         pytest.skip("needs --run-emulation option to run")
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ def test(tmp_path, request):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_setting_arch_on_other_platforms(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_setting_arch_on_other_platforms(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() == "linux":
         pytest.skip("this test checks the behaviour on platforms other than linux")
 

test/test_environment.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ project_with_environment_asserts = test_projects.new_c_project(
 )
 
 
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     python_echo = f"'{sys.executable}' -c \"import sys; print(*sys.argv[1:])\""
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_environment_asserts.generate(project_dir)
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ def test(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_overridden_path(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_overridden_path(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     output_dir = tmp_path / "output"
 
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ def test_overridden_path(tmp_path, capfd):
         ),
     ],
 )
-def test_overridden_pip_constraint(tmp_path, build_frontend):
+def test_overridden_pip_constraint(tmp_path: Path, build_frontend: str) -> None:
     """
     Verify that users can use PIP_CONSTRAINT to specify a specific version of
     a build-system.requires dependency, by asserting the version of pytz in the

test/test_from_sdist.py

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ from collections.abc import Mapping
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 
+import pytest
+
 from test.test_projects.base import TestProject
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ def cibuildwheel_from_sdist_run(
 # tests
 
 
-def test_simple(tmp_path):
+def test_simple(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
 
     # make an sdist of the project
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ def test_simple(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_external_config_file_argument(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_external_config_file_argument(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
 
     # make an sdist of the project
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ def test_external_config_file_argument(tmp_path, capfd):
     assert "test log statement from before-all" in captured.out
 
 
-def test_config_in_pyproject_toml(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_config_in_pyproject_toml(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     # make a project with a pyproject.toml
     project = test_projects.new_c_project()
     project.files["pyproject.toml"] = textwrap.dedent(
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ def test_config_in_pyproject_toml(tmp_path, capfd):
     assert "test log statement from before-build 8419" in captured.out
 
 
-def test_internal_config_file_argument(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_internal_config_file_argument(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     # make a project with a config file inside
     project = test_projects.new_c_project(
         setup_cfg_add="include_package_data = True",

test/test_ios.py

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import os
 import platform
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ import platform
 from unittest import TestCase
 
 class TestPlatform(TestCase):
-    def test_platform(self):
+    def test_platform(self) -> None:
         self.assertEqual(platform.machine(), "{platform.machine()}")
 
 """
@@ -61,7 +60,12 @@ def skip_if_ios_testing_not_supported() -> None:
         {"CIBW_PLATFORM": "ios", "CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": "build"},
     ],
 )
-def test_ios_platforms(tmp_path, build_config, monkeypatch, capfd):
+def test_ios_platforms(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    build_config: dict[str, str],
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
     skip_if_ios_testing_not_supported()
 
     # Create a temporary "bin" directory, symlink a tool that we know eixsts
@@ -69,7 +73,9 @@ def test_ios_platforms(tmp_path, build_config, monkeypatch, capfd):
     # and add the temp bin directory to the PATH.
     tools_dir = tmp_path / "bin"
     tools_dir.mkdir()
-    tools_dir.joinpath("does-exist").symlink_to(shutil.which("true"))
+    true_app = shutil.which("true")
+    assert true_app is not None
+    tools_dir.joinpath("does-exist").symlink_to(true_app)
 
     monkeypatch.setenv("PATH", str(tools_dir), prepend=os.pathsep)
 
@@ -112,7 +118,7 @@ def test_ios_platforms(tmp_path, build_config, monkeypatch, capfd):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.serial
-def test_no_test_sources(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_no_test_sources(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     """Build will provide a helpful error if pytest is run and test-sources is not defined."""
     skip_if_ios_testing_not_supported()
 
@@ -140,7 +146,7 @@ def test_no_test_sources(tmp_path, capfd):
     )
 
 
-def test_ios_testing_with_placeholder(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_ios_testing_with_placeholder(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     """
     Tests with the {project} placeholder are not supported on iOS, because the test command
     is run in the simulator.
@@ -170,7 +176,7 @@ def test_ios_testing_with_placeholder(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 @pytest.mark.serial
 @pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=2)
-def test_ios_test_command_short_circuit(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_ios_test_command_short_circuit(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     skip_if_ios_testing_not_supported()
 
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
@@ -198,7 +204,7 @@ def test_ios_test_command_short_circuit(tmp_path, capfd):
     assert "Zen of Python" not in captured.out + captured.err
 
 
-def test_missing_xbuild_tool(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_missing_xbuild_tool(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     """Build will fail if xbuild-tools references a non-existent tool."""
     skip_if_ios_testing_not_supported()
 
@@ -222,7 +228,7 @@ def test_missing_xbuild_tool(tmp_path, capfd):
     assert "Could not find a 'does-not-exist' executable on the path." in captured.err
 
 
-def test_no_xbuild_tool_definition(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_no_xbuild_tool_definition(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     """Build will succeed with a warning if there is no xbuild-tools definition."""
     skip_if_ios_testing_not_supported()
 
@@ -256,7 +262,7 @@ def test_no_xbuild_tool_definition(tmp_path, capfd):
     assert "Your project configuration does not define any cross-build tools." in captured.err
 
 
-def test_empty_xbuild_tool_definition(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_empty_xbuild_tool_definition(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     """Build will succeed with no warning if there is an empty xbuild-tools definition."""
     skip_if_ios_testing_not_supported()
 
@@ -288,7 +294,9 @@ def test_empty_xbuild_tool_definition(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.serial
-def test_ios_test_command_without_python_dash_m(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_ios_test_command_without_python_dash_m(
+    tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
     """pytest should be able to run without python -m, but it should warn."""
     skip_if_ios_testing_not_supported()
 
@@ -298,7 +306,7 @@ def test_ios_test_command_without_python_dash_m(tmp_path, capfd):
     project.files["tests/__init__.py"] = ""
     project.files["tests/test_spam.py"] = textwrap.dedent("""
         import spam
-        def test_spam():
+        def test_spam() -> None:
             assert spam.filter("spam") == 0
             assert spam.filter("ham") != 0
     """)
@@ -326,7 +334,7 @@ def test_ios_test_command_without_python_dash_m(tmp_path, capfd):
     assert "iOS tests configured with a test command which doesn't start with 'python -m'" in err
 
 
-def test_ios_test_command_invalid(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_ios_test_command_invalid(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     """Test command should raise an error if it's clearly invalid."""
     skip_if_ios_testing_not_supported()
 
@@ -349,7 +357,7 @@ def test_ios_test_command_invalid(tmp_path, capfd):
     assert "iOS tests configured with a test command which doesn't start with 'python -m'" in err
 
 
-def test_repair_step(tmp_path):
+def test_repair_step(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Build will succeed & the custom repair step is called."""
     skip_if_ios_testing_not_supported()
 

test/test_linux_python.py

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import platform
 import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
 
 
-def test_python_exist(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_python_exist(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the test is only relevant to the linux build")
     machine = platform.machine()

test/test_macos_archs.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import platform
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ ALL_MACOS_WHEELS = {
 DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_TOO_LOW_WARNING = "Bumping MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"
 
 
-def test_cross_compiled_build(tmp_path):
+def test_cross_compiled_build(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "macos":
         pytest.skip("this test is only relevant to macos")
     if utils.get_xcode_version() < (12, 2):
@@ -51,7 +52,12 @@ def test_cross_compiled_build(tmp_path):
         },
     ],
 )
-def test_cross_compiled_test(tmp_path, capfd, build_universal2, test_config):
+def test_cross_compiled_test(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+    build_universal2: bool,
+    test_config: dict[str, str],
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "macos":
         pytest.skip("this test is only relevant to macos")
     if utils.get_xcode_version() < (12, 2):
@@ -110,7 +116,9 @@ def test_cross_compiled_test(tmp_path, capfd, build_universal2, test_config):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_deployment_target_warning_is_firing(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_deployment_target_warning_is_firing(
+    tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
     # force the warning to check that we can detect it if it happens
     if utils.get_platform() != "macos":
         pytest.skip("this test is only relevant to macos")
@@ -133,7 +141,9 @@ def test_deployment_target_warning_is_firing(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("skip_arm64_test", [False, True])
-def test_universal2_testing_on_x86_64(tmp_path, capfd, skip_arm64_test):
+def test_universal2_testing_on_x86_64(
+    tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str], skip_arm64_test: bool
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "macos":
         pytest.skip("this test is only relevant to macos")
     if utils.get_xcode_version() < (12, 2):
@@ -172,7 +182,9 @@ def test_universal2_testing_on_x86_64(tmp_path, capfd, skip_arm64_test):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_universal2_testing_on_arm64(build_frontend_env, tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_universal2_testing_on_arm64(
+    build_frontend_env: dict[str, str], tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
     # cibuildwheel should test the universal2 wheel on both x86_64 and arm64, when run on arm64
     if utils.get_platform() != "macos":
         pytest.skip("this test is only relevant to macos")
@@ -203,7 +215,9 @@ def test_universal2_testing_on_arm64(build_frontend_env, tmp_path, capfd):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_cp38_arm64_testing(tmp_path, capfd, request):
+def test_cp38_arm64_testing(
+    tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str], request: pytest.FixtureRequest
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "macos":
         pytest.skip("this test is only relevant to macos")
     if utils.get_xcode_version() < (12, 2):
@@ -238,7 +252,9 @@ def test_cp38_arm64_testing(tmp_path, capfd, request):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer(tmp_path, capfd, request):
+def test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer(
+    tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str], request: pytest.FixtureRequest
+) -> None:
     if not request.config.getoption("--run-cp38-universal2"):
         pytest.skip("needs --run-cp38-universal2 option to run")
 

test/test_manylinuxXXXX_only.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import platform
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ project_with_manylinux_symbols = test_projects.new_c_project(
     ],
 )
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("docker_cleanup")
-def test(manylinux_image, tmp_path):
+def test(manylinux_image: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the container image test is only relevant to the linux build")
 

test/test_meson_python.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import packaging.utils
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
@@ -5,7 +7,7 @@ from . import test_projects, utils
 meson_project = test_projects.new_meson_project()
 
 
-def test_meson_python_basic(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
+def test_meson_python_basic(tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     """Test that cibuildwheel can build a project with meson-python backend."""
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
 

test/test_musllinux_X_Y_only.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ project_with_manylinux_symbols = test_projects.new_c_project(
     ["musllinux_1_2"],
 )
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("docker_cleanup")
-def test(musllinux_image, tmp_path):
+def test(musllinux_image: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "linux":
         pytest.skip("the container image test is only relevant to the linux build")
 

test/test_pep518.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 """
 
 
-def test_pep518(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
+def test_pep518(tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_pure_wheel.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ def a_function():
 """
 
 
-def test(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     # this test checks that if a pure wheel is generated, the build should
     # fail.
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"

test/test_pyodide.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("use_pyproject_toml", [True, False])
-def test_pyodide_build(tmp_path, use_pyproject_toml):
+def test_pyodide_build(tmp_path: Path, use_pyproject_toml: bool) -> None:
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         pytest.skip("pyodide-build doesn't work correctly on Windows")
 
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ def test_pyodide_build(tmp_path, use_pyproject_toml):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_pyodide_version_incompatible(tmp_path, capfd):
+def test_pyodide_version_incompatible(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         pytest.skip("pyodide-build doesn't work correctly on Windows")
 
@@ -110,19 +111,19 @@ def test_pyodide_version_incompatible(tmp_path, capfd):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("expect_failure", [True, False])
-def test_pyodide_build_and_test(tmp_path, expect_failure):
+def test_pyodide_build_and_test(tmp_path: Path, expect_failure: bool) -> None:
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         pytest.skip("pyodide-build doesn't work correctly on Windows")
 
     if expect_failure:
         basic_project.files["test/spam_test.py"] = textwrap.dedent(r"""
-            def test_filter():
+            def test_filter() -> None:
                 assert 0 == 1
         """)
     else:
         basic_project.files["test/spam_test.py"] = textwrap.dedent(r"""
             import spam
-            def test_filter():
+            def test_filter() -> None:
                 assert spam.filter("spam") == 0
         """)
     basic_project.generate(tmp_path)
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ def test_pyodide_build_and_test(tmp_path, expect_failure):
         assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_pyodide_repair_wheel(tmp_path):
+def test_pyodide_repair_wheel(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         pytest.skip("pyodide-build doesn't work correctly on Windows")
 

test/test_ssl.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import textwrap
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ project_with_ssl_tests = test_projects.new_c_project(
 
 
 @pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=2)
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # this test checks that SSL is working in the build environment using
     # some checks in setup.py.
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"

test/test_subdir_package.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import jinja2
+import pytest
 
 from . import utils
 from .test_projects import TestProject
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ print('before_build.py executed!')
 """
 
 
-def test(capfd, tmp_path):
+def test(capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str], tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     subdir_package_project.generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_testing.py

@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ def path_contains(parent, child):
 
 
 class TestSpam(TestCase):
-    def test_filter(self):
+    def test_filter(self) -> None:
         self.assertEqual(0, spam.filter("spam"))
         self.assertNotEqual(0, spam.filter("ham"))
 
-    def test_virtualenv(self):
+    def test_virtualenv(self) -> None:
         # sys.prefix is different from sys.base_prefix when running a virtualenv
         # See https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html, which virtualenv seems
         # to honor in recent releases
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class TestSpam(TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(path_contains(sys.prefix, spam.__file__))
         self.assertIn("VIRTUAL_ENV", os.environ)
 
-    def test_uname(self):
+    def test_uname(self) -> None:
         if platform.system() == "Windows":
             return
         # if we're running in 32-bit Python, check that the machine is i686.
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class TestSpam(TestCase):
 '''
 
 
-def test(tmp_path):
+def test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_a_test.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def test(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_extras_require(tmp_path):
+def test_extras_require(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_a_test.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def test_extras_require(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_dependency_groups(tmp_path):
+def test_dependency_groups(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     group_project = project_with_a_test.copy()
     group_project.files["pyproject.toml"] = inspect.cleandoc("""
         [build-system]
@@ -149,12 +149,12 @@ project_with_a_failing_test.files["test/spam_test.py"] = r"""
 from unittest import TestCase
 
 class TestSpam(TestCase):
-    def test_something(self):
+    def test_something(self) -> None:
         self.fail('this test is supposed to fail')
 """
 
 
-def test_failing_test(tmp_path):
+def test_failing_test(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Ensure a failing test causes cibuildwheel to error out and exit"""
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     output_dir = tmp_path / "output"
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ def test_bare_pytest_invocation(
     )
 
 
-def test_test_sources(tmp_path):
+def test_test_sources(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     project_with_a_test.generate(project_dir)
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ def test_test_sources(tmp_path):
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 
 
-def test_test_environment(tmp_path):
+def test_test_environment(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     test_projects.new_c_project().generate(project_dir)
 

test/test_troubleshooting.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -9,7 +10,12 @@ SO_FILE_WARNING = "NOTE: Shared object (.so) files found in this project."
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("project_contains_so_files", [False, True])
-def test_failed_build_with_so_files(tmp_path, capfd, build_frontend_env, project_contains_so_files):
+def test_failed_build_with_so_files(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+    build_frontend_env: dict[str, str],
+    project_contains_so_files: bool,
+) -> None:
     project = TestProject()
     project.files["setup.py"] = "raise Exception('this build will fail')\n"
     if project_contains_so_files:
@@ -35,7 +41,11 @@ def test_failed_build_with_so_files(tmp_path, capfd, build_frontend_env, project
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("project_contains_so_files", [False, True])
-def test_failed_repair_with_so_files(tmp_path, capfd, project_contains_so_files):
+def test_failed_repair_with_so_files(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+    project_contains_so_files: bool,
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "linux":
         pytest.skip("this test is only relevant to the linux build")
 

test/test_wheel_tag.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
 from . import test_projects, utils
@@ -5,7 +7,7 @@ from . import test_projects, utils
 basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
 
 
-def test_wheel_tag_is_correct_when_using_macosx_deployment_target(tmp_path):
+def test_wheel_tag_is_correct_when_using_macosx_deployment_target(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "macos":
         pytest.skip("This test is only relevant to MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET")
 

test/test_windows.py

@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ def skip_if_no_msvc(arm64: bool = False) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("use_pyproject_toml", [True, False])
-def test_wheel_tag_is_correct_when_using_windows_cross_compile(tmp_path, use_pyproject_toml):
+def test_wheel_tag_is_correct_when_using_windows_cross_compile(
+    tmp_path: Path, use_pyproject_toml: bool
+) -> None:
     if utils.get_platform() != "windows":
         pytest.skip("This test is only relevant to Windows")
 

test/utils.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import sys
 from collections.abc import Generator, Mapping, Sequence
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
-from typing import Any, Final
+from typing import Final
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ def get_xcode_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
     return (int(version_parts[0]), int(version_parts[1]))
 
 
-def skip_if_pyodide(reason: str) -> Any:
+def skip_if_pyodide(reason: str) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
     return pytest.mark.skipif(get_platform() == "pyodide", reason=reason)
 
 

unit_test/architecture_test.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import pytest
 
 import cibuildwheel.architecture
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, arch_synonym
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PlatformName
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(
@@ -20,7 +21,9 @@ from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, arch_synonym
         pytest.param(("windows", "win32", "ARM64", "arm"), id="windows-arm"),
     ]
 )
-def platform_machine(request, monkeypatch):
+def platform_machine(
+    request: pytest.FixtureRequest, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+) -> tuple[str, str]:
     platform_name, platform_value, machine_value, machine_name = request.param
     monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "platform", platform_value)
     monkeypatch.setattr(platform_module, "machine", lambda: machine_value)
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ def platform_machine(request, monkeypatch):
     return platform_name, machine_name
 
 
-def test_arch_auto(platform_machine):
+def test_arch_auto(platform_machine: tuple[str, str]) -> None:
     _, machine_name = platform_machine
 
     arch_set = Architecture.auto_archs("linux")
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ def test_arch_auto(platform_machine):
     assert arch_set == expected[machine_name]
 
 
-def test_arch_auto64(platform_machine):
+def test_arch_auto64(platform_machine: tuple[str, str]) -> None:
     _, machine_name = platform_machine
 
     arch_set = Architecture.parse_config("auto64", "linux")
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ def test_arch_auto64(platform_machine):
     assert arch_set == expected[machine_name]
 
 
-def test_arch_auto32(platform_machine):
+def test_arch_auto32(platform_machine: tuple[str, str]) -> None:
     _, machine_name = platform_machine
 
     arch_set = Architecture.parse_config("auto32", "linux")
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ def test_arch_auto32(platform_machine):
     assert arch_set == expected[machine_name]
 
 
-def test_arch_auto_no_aarch32(monkeypatch):
+def test_arch_auto_no_aarch32(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "platform", "linux")
     monkeypatch.setattr(platform_module, "machine", lambda: "aarch64")
     monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", lambda *args, **kwargs: None)
@@ -103,14 +106,14 @@ def test_arch_auto_no_aarch32(monkeypatch):
     assert arch_set == set()
 
 
-def test_arch_native_on_ios(monkeypatch):
+def test_arch_native_on_ios(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "platform", "darwin")
     monkeypatch.setattr(platform_module, "machine", lambda: "arm64")
     arch_set = Architecture.parse_config("native", platform="ios")
     assert arch_set == {Architecture.arm64_iphonesimulator}
 
 
-def test_arch_auto_on_ios(monkeypatch):
+def test_arch_auto_on_ios(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "platform", "darwin")
     monkeypatch.setattr(platform_module, "machine", lambda: "arm64")
     arch_set = Architecture.parse_config("auto", platform="ios")
@@ -130,5 +133,7 @@ def test_arch_auto_on_ios(monkeypatch):
         ("x86", "windows", "macos", None),
     ],
 )
-def test_arch_synonym(arch, from_platform, to_platform, expected):
+def test_arch_synonym(
+    arch: str, from_platform: PlatformName, to_platform: PlatformName, expected: str | None
+) -> None:
     assert arch_synonym(arch, from_platform, to_platform) == expected

unit_test/build_ids_test.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from cibuildwheel.extra import Printable, dump_python_configurations
 from cibuildwheel.util import resources
 
 
-def test_compare_configs():
+def test_compare_configs() -> None:
     txt = resources.BUILD_PLATFORMS.read_text()
 
     with resources.BUILD_PLATFORMS.open("rb") as f2:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def test_compare_configs():
     assert new_txt == txt
 
 
-def test_dump_with_Version():
+def test_dump_with_Version() -> None:
     # MyPy doesn't understand deeply nested dicts correctly
     example: dict[str, dict[str, list[dict[str, Printable]]]] = {
         "windows": {

unit_test/build_selector_test.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import cibuildwheel.selector
 from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector, EnableGroup
 
 
-def test_build():
+def test_build() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(
         build_config="cp3*-* *-manylinux*", skip_config="", enable=frozenset([EnableGroup.PyPy])
     )
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def test_build():
     assert not build_selector("pp311-win_amd64")
 
 
-def test_build_filter_pre():
+def test_build_filter_pre() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(
         build_config="cp3*-* *-manylinux*",
         skip_config="",
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def test_build_filter_pre():
     assert not build_selector("cp313t-manylinux_x86_64")
 
 
-def test_build_filter_pypy():
+def test_build_filter_pypy() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(
         build_config="*",
         skip_config="",
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def test_build_filter_pypy():
     assert not build_selector("pp39-manylinux_x86_64")
 
 
-def test_build_filter_pypy_eol():
+def test_build_filter_pypy_eol() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(
         build_config="*",
         skip_config="",
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def test_build_filter_pypy_eol():
     assert build_selector("pp39-manylinux_x86_64")
 
 
-def test_build_filter_pypy_all():
+def test_build_filter_pypy_all() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(
         build_config="*",
         skip_config="",
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def test_build_filter_pypy_all():
     assert build_selector("pp39-manylinux_x86_64")
 
 
-def test_build_filter_pyodide_prerelease():
+def test_build_filter_pyodide_prerelease() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(
         build_config="*",
         skip_config="",
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def test_build_filter_pyodide_prerelease():
     assert build_selector("cp313-pyodide_wasm32")
 
 
-def test_build_filter_pyodide():
+def test_build_filter_pyodide() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(
         build_config="*",
         skip_config="",
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def test_build_filter_pyodide():
     assert build_selector("cp313-pyodide_wasm32")
 
 
-def test_skip():
+def test_skip() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(
         build_config="*",
         skip_config="pp310-* cp3?-manylinux_i686 cp36-win* *-win32",
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def test_skip():
     assert build_selector("cp37-win_amd64")
 
 
-def test_build_and_skip():
+def test_build_and_skip() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(
         build_config="cp36-* cp37-macosx* *-manylinux*",
         skip_config="pp37-* cp37-manylinux_i686",
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def test_build_and_skip():
     assert not build_selector("cp37-win_amd64")
 
 
-def test_build_braces():
+def test_build_braces() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(build_config="cp{36,37}*", skip_config="")
 
     assert build_selector("cp36-manylinux_x86_64")
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ def test_build_braces():
     assert not build_selector("cp39-manylinux_x86_64")
 
 
-def test_build_limited_python():
+def test_build_limited_python() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(
         build_config="*",
         skip_config="",
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ def test_build_limited_python():
     assert build_selector("gp311_242-win_amd64")
 
 
-def test_build_limited_python_partial():
+def test_build_limited_python_partial() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(
         build_config="*", skip_config="", requires_python=SpecifierSet(">=3.6, !=3.7.*")
     )
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ def test_build_limited_python_partial():
     assert build_selector("cp39-manylinux_x86_64")
 
 
-def test_build_limited_python_patch():
+def test_build_limited_python_patch() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(
         build_config="*", skip_config="", requires_python=SpecifierSet(">=3.6.8")
     )
@@ -210,13 +210,13 @@ def test_build_limited_python_patch():
     assert build_selector("cp37-manylinux_x86_64")
 
 
-def test_build_free_threaded_python():
+def test_build_free_threaded_python() -> None:
     build_selector = BuildSelector(build_config="*", skip_config="", enable=frozenset(EnableGroup))
 
     assert build_selector("cp313t-manylinux_x86_64")
 
 
-def test_testing_selector():
+def test_testing_selector() -> None:
     # This is not a global import to keep pytest from collecting it as a test
     test_selector = cibuildwheel.selector.TestSelector(skip_config="cp36-*")
 

unit_test/conftest.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import pytest
 MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR = Path("some_package_dir")
 
 
-def pytest_addoption(parser):
+def pytest_addoption(parser: pytest.Parser) -> None:
     parser.addoption("--run-docker", action="store_true", default=False, help="run docker tests")
     parser.addoption("--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests")
     parser.addoption(
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser):
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def fake_package_dir(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+def fake_package_dir(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> list[str]:
     """
     Monkey-patch enough for the main() function to run
     """
     real_path_exists = Path.exists
 
-    def mock_path_exists(path):
+    def mock_path_exists(path: Path) -> bool:
         if str(path).endswith(str(MOCK_PACKAGE_DIR / "setup.py")):
             return True
         else: