docs: add Python 3.8 to the identifer list (#728)

This reverts commit af45aface9.

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 version: 2
 
 jobs:
-  osx-python3.12:
+  osx-python3.6:
     macos:
-      xcode: 15.4.0
+      xcode: 9.4.1
-    resource_class: macos.m1.medium.gen1
     environment:
       PYTHON: python3
     steps:
@@ -18,14 +17,11 @@ jobs:
           command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
           no_output_timeout: 30m
 
-  linux-python3.12:
+  linux-python3.6:
     docker:
-      - image: cimg/python:3.12
+      - image: circleci/python:3.6
     environment:
       PYTHON: python3
-      # Temporarily restrict the tests that are run on CircleCI to prevent
-      # test timeouts.
-      PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or main_tests or test_0_basic or test_docker_images"
     steps:
       - checkout
       - setup_remote_docker
@@ -38,30 +34,9 @@ jobs:
           command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
           no_output_timeout: 30m
 
-  linux-aarch64:
-    machine:
-       image: default
-    resource_class: arm.medium
-    environment:
-      PYTHON: python3
-      # Temporarily restrict the tests that are run on CircleCI to prevent
-      # test timeouts.
-      PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or main_tests or test_0_basic or test_docker_images"
-    steps:
-      - checkout
-
-      - run:
-          name: Prepare the environment.
-          command: bash .circleci/prepare.sh
-      - run:
-          name: Test.
-          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
-          no_output_timeout: 30m
-
 workflows:
   version: 2
   all-tests:
     jobs:
-      - osx-python3.12
+      - osx-python3.6
-      - linux-python3.12
+      - linux-python3.6
-      - linux-aarch64

.circleci/prepare.sh

@@ -1,14 +1,9 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -o errexit
 set -o xtrace
 
-if [ "$(uname -s)" == "Darwin" ]; then
-  sudo softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license
-fi
-
 $PYTHON --version
-$PYTHON -m venv venv
+$PYTHON -m pip --version
-venv/bin/python -m pip install -U pip
+$PYTHON -m virtualenv -p $PYTHON venv
 venv/bin/python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
 venv/bin/python -m pip freeze
 venv/bin/python --version

.cirrus.yml

@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-only_if: changesInclude('.cirrus.yml') || ($CIRRUS_BRANCH == "main" && !changesIncludeOnly('docs/*', '.pre-commit-config.yaml')) || $CIRRUS_BRANCH =~ 'cirrus.*'
-
-run_tests: &RUN_TESTS
-  install_cibuildwheel_script:
-    - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
-  run_cibuildwheel_tests_script:
-    - python ./bin/run_tests.py
-
-
-linux_x86_task:
-  timeout_in: 120m
-  compute_engine_instance:
-    image_project: cirrus-images
-    image: family/docker-builder
-    platform: linux
-    cpu: 8
-    memory: 8G
-
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
-
-linux_aarch64_task:
-  compute_engine_instance:
-    image_project: cirrus-images
-    image: family/docker-builder-arm64
-    architecture: arm64
-    platform: linux
-    cpu: 4
-    memory: 4G
-
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
-
-windows_x86_task:
-  # The task takes ~55 minutes while the timeout happens
-  # after 60 minutes by default, let's allow some wiggle room.
-  timeout_in: 120m
-  windows_container:
-    image: cirrusci/windowsservercore:visualstudio2022
-    cpu: 8
-    memory: 8G
-
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.10.6
-    - refreshenv
-    - echo PATH=%PATH% >> "%CIRRUS_ENV%"
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
-
-macos_arm64_task:
-  macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-xcode
-
-  env:
-    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/libexec/bin:$PATH
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - brew install python@3.10
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS
-
-macos_arm64_cp38_task:
-  macos_instance:
-    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-sonoma-xcode
-
-  env:
-    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/libexec/bin:$PATH
-    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: --run-cp38-universal2 -k 'test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer or test_arch_auto'
-  install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - brew install python@3.10
-    - curl -fsSLO https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
-    - sudo installer -pkg python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg -target /
-    - rm python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
-    - sh "/Applications/Python 3.8/Install Certificates.command"
-  <<: *RUN_TESTS

.gitattributes

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-* text=auto
-
-*.py diff=python
-*.md diff=markdown
-
-*.svg -diff

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-name: General issue
-description: Open a general issue
-
-body:
-- type: markdown
-  attributes:
-    value: |
-      Hi! If you're not sure whether your problem is a bug in cibuildwheel or something else, please consider asking a question in the Discussions tab first.
-
-- type: textarea
-  id: description
-  attributes:
-    label: Description
-
-- type: input
-  id: log
-  attributes:
-    label: Build log
-    description: If relevant, please provide a link to a build log that shows the problem
-    placeholder: https://...
-  validations:
-    required: false
-
-- type: input
-  id: ci-config
-  attributes:
-    label: CI config
-    description: Link to the CI config that produced the build log above. e.g. the Github Actions workflow file
-    placeholder: https://...
-  validations:
-    required: false

.github/auto-merge.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# config file for https://github.com/bobvanderlinden/probot-auto-merge
+
+# no approvals required, just the label is enough
+minApprovals: {}
+
+requiredLabels:
+- merge when green

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-version: 2
-updates:
-  # Maintain dependencies for GitHub Actions
-  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
-    groups:
-      actions:
-        patterns:
-          - "*"

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-name: Release
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  pull_request:
-  release:
-    types:
-    - published
-
-jobs:
-  dist:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-    - name: Build SDist and wheel
-      run: pipx run build
-
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        name: cibw-sdist
-        path: dist/*
-
-    - name: Check metadata
-      run: pipx run twine check dist/*
-
-  publish:
-    needs: [dist]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
-    environment:
-      name: pypi
-      url: https://pypi.org/p/cibuildwheel
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-      attestations: write
-
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        pattern: cibw-*
-        path: dist
-        merge-multiple: true
-
-    - name: Generate artifact attestation for sdist and wheel
-      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@6149ea5740be74af77f260b9db67e633f6b0a9a1 # v1.4.2
-      with:
-        subject-path: "dist/cibuildwheel-*"
-
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -3,198 +3,82 @@ name: Test
 on:
   push:
     branches:
-      - main
+      - master
+      - 1.x
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - 'docs/**'
-      - .pre-commit-config.yaml
   workflow_dispatch:
     # allow manual runs on branches without a PR
 
-concurrency:
-  group: test-${{ github.ref }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
 jobs:
-  lint:
+  pre-commit:
-    name: Linters (mypy, flake8, etc.)
+    name: Pre-commit checks (mypy, flake8, etc.)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-      id: python
+    - uses: pre-commit/action@v2.0.0
-      with:
-        python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1
-    - name: Check manifest
-      run: pipx run --python "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" nox -s check_manifest
-    - name: PyLint checks
-      run: pipx run --python "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
 
   test:
-    name: Test on ${{ matrix.os }} (${{ matrix.python_version }})
+    name: Test cibuildwheel on ${{ matrix.os }}
-    needs: lint
+    needs: pre-commit
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-14]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
-        python_version: ['3.12']
+        python_version: ['3.7']
-        include:
-        - os: ubuntu-latest
-          python_version: '3.8'
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
       name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
 
-    - uses: yezz123/setup-uv@v4
-
-    # free some space to prevent reaching GHA disk space limits
-    - name: Clean docker images
-      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-      run: |
-        docker system prune -a -f
-        df -h
-
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
-        uv pip install --system ".[test]"
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
 
-    - name: Generate a sample project
+    - name: Sample build
+      if: "contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'CI: Sample build')"
+      run: |
+        python bin/sample_build.py
+
+    - name: Get some sample wheels
       run: |
         python -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
-
+        cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse sample_proj
-    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
-      uses: ./
-      with:
-        package-dir: sample_proj
-        output-dir: wheelhouse
       env:
         CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64
-        CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: 'build[uv]'
-        CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT: 1
-        CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS: 1
 
-    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action, only)
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-      uses: ./
       with:
-        package-dir: sample_proj
+        name: sample_wheels
-        output-dir: wheelhouse_only
+        path: wheelhouse
-        only: cp312-${{ runner.os == 'Linux' && 'manylinux_x86_64' || (runner.os == 'Windows' && 'win_amd64' || 'macosx_x86_64') }}
-
-    - name: Create custom configuration file
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        cat > sample_proj/cibw.toml <<EOF
-        [tool.cibuildwheel]
-        # Only build on CPython 3.12 on native arch
-        archs = ["native"]
-        build = "cp312-*"
-        # Skip musllinux
-        skip = "*-musllinux*"
-        EOF
-
-    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action, config-file)
-      uses: ./
-      with:
-        package-dir: sample_proj
-        output-dir: wheelhouse_config_file
-        config-file: sample_proj/cibw.toml
-
-    - name: Check Action artefacts
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        test $(find wheelhouse -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -ge 1
-        test $(find wheelhouse_only -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
-        test $(find wheelhouse_config_file -name '*.whl' | wc -l) -eq 1
-
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
-        path: wheelhouse/*.whl
 
     - name: Test cibuildwheel
       run: |
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py --run-podman
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py
-
-  emulated-archs:
-    name: Get qemu emulated architectures
-    needs: lint
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    outputs:
-      archs: ${{ steps.archs.outputs.archs }}
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-      with:
-        python-version: "3.x"
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: python -m pip install ".[test]"
-    - name: Get qemu emulated architectures
-      id: archs
-      run: |
-        OUTPUT=$(python -c "from json import dumps; from test.utils import EMULATED_ARCHS; print(dumps(EMULATED_ARCHS))")
-        echo "${OUTPUT}"
-        echo "archs=${OUTPUT}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
   test-emulated:
-    name: Test Linux ${{ matrix.arch }} using qemu
+    name: Test emulated cibuildwheel using qemu
-    needs: emulated-archs
+    needs: pre-commit
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 180
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        arch: ${{ fromJSON(needs.emulated-archs.outputs.archs) }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-      with:
-        python-version: "3.x"
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: python -m pip install ".[test,uv]"
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
 
     - name: Set up QEMU
       id: qemu
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
       with:
         platforms: all
 
     - name: Run the emulation tests
-      run: pytest --run-emulation ${{ matrix.arch }} test/test_emulation.py
-
-  test-pyodide:
-    name: Test cibuildwheel building pyodide wheels
-    needs: lint
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 180
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-      name: Install Python 3.12
-      with:
-        python-version: '3.12'
-
-    - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
-        python -m pip install ".[test]"
+        pytest --run-emulation test/test_emulation.py
-
-    - name: Generate a sample project
-      run: |
-        python -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
-
-    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
-      uses: ./
-      with:
-        package-dir: sample_proj
-        output-dir: wheelhouse
-      env:
-        CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
-
-    - name: Run tests with 'CIBW_PLATFORM' set to 'pyodide'
-      run: |
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py
-      env:
-        CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -1,15 +1,6 @@
 name: Update dependencies
 
 on:
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - '.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml'
-      - 'bin/update_pythons.py'
-      - 'bin/update_docker.py'
-      - 'bin/update_virtualenv.py'
-      - 'bin/projects.py'
-      - 'docs/data/projects.yml'
-      - 'noxfile.py'
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 6 * * 1'  # "At 06:00 on Monday."
@@ -17,34 +8,23 @@ on:
 jobs:
   update-dependencies:
     name: Update dependencies
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'pypa' || github.event_name != 'schedule'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2024.04.15
+      name: Install Python 3.9
       with:
-        python-versions: "3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13"
+        python-version: 3.9
-
+        architecture: x64
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: python -m pip install ".[dev]"
     - name: "Run update: dependencies"
-      run: nox --force-color -s update_constraints
+      run: python ./bin/update_dependencies.py
     - name: "Run update: python configs"
-      run: nox --force-color -s update_pins
+      run: python ./bin/update_pythons.py --force
-    - name: "Run update: docs user projects"
-      run: nox --force-color -s update_proj -- --auth=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-    # we use this step to grab a Github App auth token, so that PRs generated by this workflow
-    # run the GHA tests.
-    - uses: tibdex/github-app-token@v2
-      id: generate-token
-      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
-      with:
-        app_id: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_ID }}
-        private_key: ${{ secrets.CIBUILDWHEEL_BOT_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-
     - name: Create Pull Request
-      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
+      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && github.repository == 'pypa/cibuildwheel'
-      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v6
+      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v3
       with:
         commit-message: Update dependencies
         title: '[Bot] Update dependencies'
@@ -53,7 +33,4 @@ jobs:
 
           PR generated by "Update dependencies" [workflow](https://github.com/${{github.repository}}/actions/runs/${{github.run_id}}).
         branch: update-dependencies-pr
-        committer: "cibuildwheel-bot[bot] <83877280+cibuildwheel-bot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>"
-        author: "cibuildwheel-bot[bot] <83877280+cibuildwheel-bot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>"
-        token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
         delete-branch: true

.github/workflows/update-major-minor-tag.yml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-name: Update the vX.Y tag
-
-on:
-  release:
-    types: [released]
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      TAG_NAME:
-        description: 'Tag name that the major.minor tag will point to'
-        required: true
-
-env:
-  TAG_NAME: ${{ github.event.inputs.TAG_NAME || github.event.release.tag_name }}
-
-jobs:
-  update_tag:
-    name: Update the major.minor tag to include the ${{ github.event.inputs.TAG_NAME || github.event.release.tag_name }} changes
-    environment:
-      name: releaseNewActionVersion
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Update the ${{ env.TAG_NAME }} tag
-        id: update-major-minor-tag
-        uses: joerick/update-vX.Y-tag-action@v1.0
-        with:
-          source-tag: ${{ env.TAG_NAME }}

.gitignore

@@ -114,6 +114,3 @@ site/
 
 # Virtual environments
 venv*
-
-# PyCharm
-.idea/

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -1,40 +1,15 @@
 linux:
-  image: python:3.12
+  image: python:3.8
   services:
     - name: docker:dind
       entrypoint: ["env", "-u", "DOCKER_HOST"]
       command: ["dockerd-entrypoint.sh"]
   variables:
+    DOCKER_HOST: tcp://docker:2375/
     DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
     # See https://github.com/docker-library/docker/pull/166
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
-
-    # skip all but the basic tests
-    # (comment the below line in a PR to debug a Gitlab-specific issue)
-    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
+    - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
     - python ./bin/run_tests.py
-
-windows:
-  image: mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:1809
-  variables:
-    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
-  before_script:
-    - choco install python -y --version 3.12.4
-  script:
-    - py -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
-    - py bin\run_tests.py
-  tags:
-    - saas-windows-medium-amd64
-
-macos:
-  image: macos-14-xcode-15
-  variables:
-    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
-  script:
-    - python3 -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
-    - python3 ./bin/run_tests.py
-  tags:
-    - saas-macos-medium-m1

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 repos:
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v4.6.0
+  rev: v3.4.0
   hooks:
   - id: check-case-conflict
   - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -13,81 +13,59 @@ repos:
   - id: mixed-line-ending
   - id: trailing-whitespace
 
-- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+- repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
-  rev: v0.6.3
+  rev: 5.8.0
   hooks:
-  - id: ruff
+  - id: isort
-    args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
+
-  - id: ruff-format
+- repo: https://github.com/psf/black
+  rev: 21.4b2
+  hooks:
+  - id: black
+
+- repo: https://github.com/asottile/setup-cfg-fmt
+  rev: v1.17.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: setup-cfg-fmt
+    stages: [manual]
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v1.11.2
+  rev: v0.812
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.8 on cibuildwheel/
+    exclude: ^(bin/|cibuildwheel/resources/).*py$
-    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py|bin/generate_schema.py$
+    additional_dependencies: [packaging]
-    args: ["--python-version=3.8"]
+    args: ["--python-version=3.6", "--ignore-missing-imports", "--scripts-are-modules"]
-    additional_dependencies: &mypy-dependencies
-      - bracex
-      - nox
-      - packaging
-      - pygithub
-      - rich
-      - tomli
-      - tomli_w
-      - types-certifi
-      - types-click
-      - types-jinja2
-      - types-pyyaml
-      - types-requests
-      - uv
-      - validate-pyproject
   - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.12
+    name: mypy 3.7+ on bin/
-    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
+    files: ^bin/.*py$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.12"]
+    additional_dependencies: [packaging]
-    additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
+    args: ["--python-version=3.7", "--ignore-missing-imports", "--scripts-are-modules"]
 
-- repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
+- repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-  rev: v0.10.0.1
+  rev: v2.14.0
   hooks:
-  - id: shellcheck
+  - id: pyupgrade
+    name: PyUpgrade 3.6+
+    args: ["--py36-plus"]
+    exclude: ^bin/
+  - id: pyupgrade
+    name: PyUpgrade 3.7+ on bin
+    exclude: ^(cibuildwheel|unit_test|test)/
+    args: ["--py37-plus"]
+
+- repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
+  rev: 3.9.1
+  hooks:
+  - id: flake8
+    exclude: cibuildwheel/resources/
+    additional_dependencies: [flake8-bugbear]
 
 - repo: local
   hooks:
   - id: disallow-caps
     name: Disallow improper capitalization
     language: pygrep
-    entry: PyBind|Numpy|Cmake|Github|PyTest
+    entry: PyBind|Numpy|Cmake|Github
     types:
     - markdown
-    exclude: ^docs/working-examples\.md$  # Autogenerated
-  - id: update-readme-changelog
-    name: Update README changelog
-    language: python
-    entry: bin/update_readme_changelog.py
-    files: ^docs/changelog.md$
-
-- repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-  rev: v2.3.0
-  hooks:
-  - id: codespell
-    args: ["-L", "sur,assertin", "-w"]
-    exclude: ^docs/working-examples\.md$  # Autogenerated
-
-
-- repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-  rev: 0.29.2
-  hooks:
-    - id: check-dependabot
-    - id: check-github-actions
-    - id: check-github-workflows
-    - id: check-gitlab-ci
-    - id: check-readthedocs
-    - id: check-travis
-    - id: check-jsonschema
-      name: Check projects
-      args: [--schemafile, docs/data/projects.schema.json]
-      files: '^docs/data/projects.yml$'
-    - id: check-metaschema
-      files: '^docs/data/projects.schema.json$'

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -2,14 +2,13 @@
 # See https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html for details
 version: 2
 
-build:
+mkdocs:
-  os: ubuntu-22.04
+  configuration: mkdocs.yml
-  tools:
+
-    python: "3.12"
+python:
-  commands:
+  version: 3.8
-    - asdf plugin add uv
+  install:
-    - asdf install uv latest
+    - method: pip
-    - asdf global uv latest
+      path: .
-    - uv venv
+      extra_requirements:
-    - uv pip install -e.[docs]
+        - docs
-    - NO_COLOR=1 .venv/bin/mkdocs build --strict --site-dir $READTHEDOCS_OUTPUT/html

.travis.yml

@@ -4,60 +4,47 @@ language: python
 
 branches:
   only:
-  - main
+  - master
 
 jobs:
   include:
-    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.9
+    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.6
-      python: 3.9
+      python: 3.6
       services: docker
       env: PYTHON=python
 
-    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.9
+    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.6
-      python: 3.9
+      python: 3.6
       services: docker
-      arch: arm64-graviton2
+      arch: arm64
-      group: edge
-      virt: vm
       env: PYTHON=python
 
-    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.9
+    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.6
-      python: 3.9
+      python: 3.6
       services: docker
       arch: ppc64le
-      allow_failure: True
       env:
         - PYTHON=python
         # skip test_manylinuxXXXX_only, it uses too much disk space
         # c.f. https://travis-ci.community/t/running-out-of-disk-space-quota-when-using-docker-on-ppc64le/11634
         - PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "not test_manylinuxXXXX_only"'
 
-    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.9
+    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.6
       os: windows
       language: shell
       before_install:
-        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.9.13 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python39"
+        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.6.8 --limit-output
+        # Update root certificates to fix SSL error; see http://www.chawn.com/RootCerts.htm
+        - powershell "md C:\temp\certs; CertUtil -generateSSTFromWU C:\temp\certs\RootStore.sst; Get-ChildItem -Path C:\\temp\certs\Rootstore.sst | Import-Certificate -CertStoreLocation Cert:\\LocalMachine\\Root\\ | out-null"
       env:
-        - PYTHON=C:\\Python39\\python
+        - PYTHON=C:\\Python36\\python
 
-    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.9
+    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.6
-      python: 3.9
+      python: 3.6
       services: docker
       arch: s390x
-      allow_failure: True
       env: PYTHON=python
 
-install:
+install: $PYTHON -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
-- $PYTHON -m pip install -U pip
-- $PYTHON -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
 
-script: |
+script: $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py
-  # travis_wait disable the output while waiting
-  # use the same kind of tricks as in multibuild
-  (while true; do echo "travis_keep_alive"; sleep 300; done) &
-  SPINNER_PID=$!
-  disown
-  result=0
-  $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py --num-processes 2 || result=1
-  kill -9 ${SPINNER_PID}
-  test ${result} -eq 0

CI.md

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-This is a summary of the host Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
+This is a summary of the Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
 
-|         | 3.8                              | 3.9       | 3.10      | 3.11    | 3.12                                             |
+|          | 3.6                          | 3.7                                      | 3.8              |
-|---------|----------------------------------|-----------|-----------|---------|--------------------------------------------------|
+|----------|------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------|
-| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | Travis CI | Cirrus CI |         | AppVeyor¹ / CircleCI¹ / GitHub Actions / GitLab¹ |
+| Linux    | Travis CI / CircleCI         | AppVeyor² / GitHub Actions               | Azure Pipelines  |
-| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  |           | Cirrus CI | GitLab¹ | AppVeyor¹ /CircleCI¹ / GitHub Actions            |
+| macOS    | CircleCI                     | AppVeyor² / Travis CI¹ / GitHub Actions  | Azure Pipelines  |
-| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | Travis CI | Cirrus CI |         | AppVeyor¹ / GitHub Actions / GitLab¹             |
+| Windows  | Travis CI / Azure Pipelines  | AppVeyor² / GitHub Actions               | Azure Pipelines  |
 
-> ¹ Runs a reduced set of tests to reduce CI load
+> ¹ Python version not really pinned, but dependent on the (default) version of image used.
+> ² AppVeyor only runs the "basic" test to reduce load.
 
-Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.9.
+Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.6.

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 This project is licensed under the 'BSD 2-clause license'.
 
-Copyright (c) 2017-2023, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.
+Copyright (c) 2017-2019, Joe Rickerby and contributors. All rights reserved.
 
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
@@ -22,3 +22,7 @@ SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
 CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+Get-pip and Pip (bundled in cibuildwheel/resources) are licensed under the MIT
+license. See https://github.com/pypa/get-pip/blob/master/LICENSE.txt

action.yml

@@ -9,14 +9,6 @@ inputs:
     description: 'Folder to place the outputs in, defaults to "wheelhouse"'
     required: false
     default: wheelhouse
-  config-file:
-    description: 'File containing the config, defaults to {package}/pyproject.toml'
-    required: false
-    default: ''
-  only:
-    description: 'Build a specific wheel only. No need for arch/platform if this is set'
-    required: false
-    default: ''
 branding:
   icon: package
   color: yellow
@@ -24,69 +16,13 @@ branding:
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
-    # Set up the version of Python that supports pyodide
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-      id: python
-      with:
-        python-version: "3.12"
-        update-environment: false
 
-    - id: cibw
+    # This needs powershell-core because github.action path is a Windows-style
-      run: |
+    # path on Windows.  Powershell-core understands both types of paths.
-        # Install cibuildwheel
-        "${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}" -u << "EOF"
-        import os
-        import shutil
-        import sys
-        import venv
-
-        from pathlib import Path
-        from subprocess import run
-
-
-        class EnvBuilder(venv.EnvBuilder):
-            def __init__(self):
-                super().__init__()
-
-            def setup_scripts(self, context):
-                pass
-
-            def post_setup(self, context):
-                super().post_setup(context)
-                self.bin_path = Path(context.env_exe).parent
-                run([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "--python", context.env_exe, "install", r"${{ github.action_path }}"], check=True)
-
-
-        print("::group::Install cibuildwheel")
-        venv_path = Path(r"${{ runner.temp }}") / "cibw"
-        if venv_path.exists():
-            shutil.rmtree(venv_path)
-        builder = EnvBuilder()
-        builder.create(venv_path)
-        cibw_path = [path for path in builder.bin_path.glob("cibuildwheel*") if path.stem == "cibuildwheel"][0]
-        with open(os.environ["GITHUB_OUTPUT"], "at") as f:
-            f.write(f"cibw-path={cibw_path}\n")
-        print("::endgroup::")
-        EOF
-      shell: bash
-
-    # Redirecting stderr to stdout to fix interleaving issue in Actions.
     - run: >
-        "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-path }}"
+        pipx run
-        "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
+        --spec ${{ github.action_path }}
-        ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
+        cibuildwheel
-        ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
+        ${{ inputs.package-dir }}
-        ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
+        --output-dir ${{ inputs.output-dir }}
-        2>&1
-      shell: bash
-      if: runner.os != 'Windows'
-
-    # Windows needs powershell to interact nicely with Meson
-    - run: >
-        & "${{ steps.cibw.outputs.cibw-path }}"
-        "${{ inputs.package-dir }}"
-        ${{ inputs.output-dir != ''  && format('--output-dir "{0}"', inputs.output-dir) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.config-file != '' && format('--config-file "{0}"', inputs.config-file) || ''}}
-        ${{ inputs.only != ''        && format('--only "{0}"', inputs.only) || ''}}
       shell: pwsh
-      if: runner.os == 'Windows'

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,26 +1,25 @@
 environment:
   matrix:
-    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Ubuntu2204
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Ubuntu
-      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python312-x64-ubuntu"
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python37-x64-ubuntu"
-    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2022
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
-      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python312-x64-vs2022"
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python37-x64-vs2015"
-    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: macos-sonoma
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: macos-mojave
-      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python312-x64-macos"
+      APPVEYOR_JOB_NAME: "python37-x64-macos-mojave"
 
-stack: python 3.12
+stack: python 3.7
 
 build: off
 
 init:
+- cmd: set PATH=C:\Python37;C:\Python37\Scripts;%PATH%
 - ps: |
       $BRANCH = if ($env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_HEAD_REPO_BRANCH) { $env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_HEAD_REPO_BRANCH } else { $env:APPVEYOR_REPO_BRANCH }
-      if (-not ($BRANCH -eq 'main' -or $BRANCH.ToLower().StartsWith('appveyor-'))) {
+      if (-not ($BRANCH -eq 'master' -or $BRANCH.ToLower().StartsWith('appveyor-'))) {
         $env:PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code'
       }
 
-install:
+install: python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
-  - python -m pip install -U pip
-  - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
 
 # the '-u' flag is required so the output is in the correct order.
 # See https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/24 for more info.
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ test_script: python -u ./bin/run_tests.py
 
 branches:
   only:
-    - main
+    - master
 
 skip_commits:
   files:

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -1,38 +1,42 @@
-pr:
-  paths:
-    exclude:
-      - docs/*
-      - .pre-commit-config.yaml
-
 jobs:
 - job: linux_38
-  timeoutInMinutes: 120
+  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-18.04'}
-  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-20.04'}
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
         versionSpec: '3.8'
     - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-azurepipelines
         python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
 - job: macos_38
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-12'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-10.15'}
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
         versionSpec: '3.8'
     - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-azurepipelines
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py --num-processes 2
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py
+
+- job: windows_36
+  pool: {vmImage: 'vs2017-win2016'}
+  timeoutInMinutes: 180
+  steps:
+    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
+      inputs:
+        versionSpec: '3.6'
+    - bash: |
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-azurepipelines
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
 - job: windows_38
-  pool: {vmImage: 'windows-2019'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'vs2017-win2016'}
   timeoutInMinutes: 180
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
         versionSpec: '3.8'
     - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-azurepipelines
         python ./bin/run_tests.py

bin/bump_version.py

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-# /// script
-# dependencies = ["click", "packaging", "tomli; python_version<'3.11'"]
-# ///
-
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
@@ -17,14 +13,10 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import click
 from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+import cibuildwheel
-    import tomli as tomllib
-else:
-    import tomllib
 
 config = [
     # file path, version find/replace format
-    ("pyproject.toml", 'version = "{}"'),
     ("README.md", "cibuildwheel=={}"),
     ("cibuildwheel/__init__.py", '__version__ = "{}"'),
     ("docs/faq.md", "cibuildwheel=={}"),
@@ -32,6 +24,7 @@ config = [
     ("docs/setup.md", "cibuildwheel=={}"),
     ("examples/*", "cibuildwheel=={}"),
     ("examples/*", "cibuildwheel@v{}"),
+    ("setup.cfg", "version = {}"),
 ]
 
 RED = "\u001b[31m"
@@ -41,8 +34,7 @@ OFF = "\u001b[0m"
 
 @click.command()
 def bump_version() -> None:
-    with open("pyproject.toml", "rb") as f:
+    current_version = cibuildwheel.__version__
-        current_version = tomllib.load(f)["project"]["version"]
 
     try:
         commit_date_str = subprocess.run(
@@ -68,7 +60,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
         print(e)
         print("Failed to get previous version tag information.")
 
-    git_changes_result = subprocess.run(["git diff-index --quiet HEAD --"], shell=True, check=False)
+    git_changes_result = subprocess.run(["git diff-index --quiet HEAD --"], shell=True)
     repo_has_uncommitted_changes = git_changes_result.returncode != 0
 
     if repo_has_uncommitted_changes:
@@ -76,7 +68,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
         sys.exit(1)
 
     # fmt: off
-    print(              'Current version:', current_version)
+    print(              'Current version:', current_version)  # noqa
     new_version = input('    New version: ').strip()
     # fmt: on
 
@@ -144,26 +136,6 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
     while input('Type "done" to continue: ').strip().lower() != "done":
         pass
 
-    # run pre-commit to update the README changelog
-    subprocess.run(
-        [
-            "pre-commit",
-            "run",
-            "--files=docs/changelog.md",
-        ],
-        check=False,
-    )
-
-    # run pre-commit to check that no errors occurred on the second run
-    subprocess.run(
-        [
-            "pre-commit",
-            "run",
-            "--files=docs/changelog.md",
-        ],
-        check=True,
-    )
-
     subprocess.run(
         [
             "git",
@@ -186,17 +158,6 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
     )
 
     print("Done.")
-    print()
-
-    print("Push the new version to GitHub with:")
-    print(f"    git push && git push origin v{new_version}")
-    print()
-
-    release_url = "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/releases/new?" + urllib.parse.urlencode(
-        {"tag": f"v{new_version}"}
-    )
-    print("Then create a release at the URL:")
-    print(f"    {release_url}")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

bin/dev_run_test

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+CIBW_PLATFORM=linux pytest "$@"

bin/generate_schema.py

@@ -1,309 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-# /// script
-# dependencies = ["pyyaml"]
-# ///
-
-import argparse
-import copy
-import json
-from typing import Any
-
-import yaml
-
-parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-parser.add_argument("--schemastore", action="store_true", help="Generate schema_store version")
-args = parser.parse_args()
-
-starter = """
-$schema: http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema
-$id: https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json
-$defs:
-  inherit:
-    enum:
-      - none
-      - prepend
-      - append
-    default: none
-    description: How to inherit the parent's value.
-additionalProperties: false
-description: cibuildwheel's settings.
-type: object
-properties:
-  archs:
-    description: Change the architectures built on your machine by default.
-    type: string_array
-  before-all:
-    description: Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built.
-    type: string_array
-  before-build:
-    description: Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build.
-    type: string_array
-  before-test:
-    description: Execute a shell command before testing each wheel.
-    type: string_array
-  build:
-    default: ['*']
-    description: Choose the Python versions to build.
-    type: string_array
-  build-frontend:
-    default: default
-    description: Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now), "build", or "build[uv]"
-    oneOf:
-      - enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", default]
-      - type: string
-        pattern: '^pip; ?args:'
-      - type: string
-        pattern: '^build; ?args:'
-      - type: string
-        pattern: '^build\\[uv\\]; ?args:'
-      - type: object
-        additionalProperties: false
-        required: [name]
-        properties:
-          name:
-            enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]"]
-          args:
-            type: array
-            items:
-              type: string
-  build-verbosity:
-    type: integer
-    minimum: -3
-    maximum: 3
-    default: 0
-    description: Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel.
-  config-settings:
-    description: Specify config-settings for the build backend.
-    type: string_table_array
-  container-engine:
-    oneOf:
-      - enum: [docker, podman]
-      - type: string
-        pattern: '^docker; ?(create_args|disable_host_mount):'
-      - type: string
-        pattern: '^podman; ?(create_args|disable_host_mount):'
-      - type: object
-        additionalProperties: false
-        required: [name]
-        properties:
-          name:
-            enum: [docker, podman]
-          create-args:
-            type: array
-            items:
-              type: string
-          disable-host-mount:
-            type: boolean
-  dependency-versions:
-    default: pinned
-    description: Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses
-    type: string
-  environment:
-    description: Set environment variables needed during the build.
-    type: string_table
-  environment-pass:
-    description: Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container
-      during the build.
-    type: string_array
-  free-threaded-support:
-    type: boolean
-    default: false
-    description: The project supports free-threaded builds of Python (PEP703)
-  manylinux-aarch64-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  manylinux-i686-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  manylinux-ppc64le-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  manylinux-pypy_i686-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  manylinux-s390x-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  manylinux-x86_64-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  musllinux-aarch64-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  musllinux-i686-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  musllinux-ppc64le-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  musllinux-s390x-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  musllinux-x86_64-image:
-    type: string
-    description: Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
-  repair-wheel-command:
-    type: string_array
-    description: Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.
-  skip:
-    description: Choose the Python versions to skip.
-    type: string_array
-  test-command:
-    description: Execute a shell command to test each built wheel.
-    type: string_array
-  test-extras:
-    description: Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require`
-    type: string_array
-  test-requires:
-    description: Install Python dependencies before running the tests
-    type: string_array
-  test-skip:
-    description: Skip running tests on some builds.
-    type: string_array
-"""
-
-schema = yaml.safe_load(starter)
-
-string_array = yaml.safe_load(
-    """
-- type: string
-- type: array
-  items:
-    type: string
-"""
-)
-
-string_table_array = yaml.safe_load(
-    """
-- type: string
-- type: object
-  additionalProperties: false
-  patternProperties:
-    .+:
-      oneOf:
-        - type: string
-        - type: array
-          items:
-            type: string
-"""
-)
-
-string_table = yaml.safe_load(
-    """
-- type: string
-- type: object
-  additionalProperties: false
-  patternProperties:
-    .+:
-      type: string
-"""
-)
-
-for value in schema["properties"].values():
-    match value:
-        case {"type": "string_array"}:
-            del value["type"]
-            value["oneOf"] = string_array
-        case {"type": "string_table"}:
-            del value["type"]
-            value["oneOf"] = string_table
-        case {"type": "string_table_array"}:
-            del value["type"]
-            value["oneOf"] = string_table_array
-
-overrides = yaml.safe_load(
-    """
-type: array
-description: An overrides array
-items:
-  type: object
-  required: ["select"]
-  minProperties: 2
-  additionalProperties: false
-  properties:
-    select: {}
-    inherit:
-      type: object
-      additionalProperties: false
-      properties:
-        before-all: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        before-build: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        before-test: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        config-settings: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        container-engine: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        environment: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        environment-pass: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        repair-wheel-command: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        test-command: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        test-extras: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-        test-requires: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
-"""
-)
-
-for key, value in schema["properties"].items():
-    value["title"] = f'CIBW_{key.replace("-", "_").upper()}'
-
-non_global_options = {k: {"$ref": f"#/properties/{k}"} for k in schema["properties"]}
-del non_global_options["build"]
-del non_global_options["skip"]
-del non_global_options["test-skip"]
-del non_global_options["free-threaded-support"]
-
-overrides["items"]["properties"]["select"]["oneOf"] = string_array
-overrides["items"]["properties"] |= non_global_options.copy()
-
-del overrides["items"]["properties"]["archs"]
-
-not_linux = non_global_options.copy()
-
-del not_linux["environment-pass"]
-del not_linux["container-engine"]
-for key in list(not_linux):
-    if "linux-" in key:
-        del not_linux[key]
-
-
-def as_object(d: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    return {
-        "type": "object",
-        "additionalProperties": False,
-        "properties": copy.deepcopy(d),
-    }
-
-
-oses = {
-    "linux": as_object(non_global_options),
-    "windows": as_object(not_linux),
-    "macos": as_object(not_linux),
-    "pyodide": as_object(not_linux),
-}
-
-oses["linux"]["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"] = {
-    **schema["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"],
-    "default": "auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}",
-}
-oses["macos"]["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"] = {
-    **schema["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"],
-    "default": "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}",
-}
-
-del oses["linux"]["properties"]["dependency-versions"]
-
-schema["properties"]["overrides"] = overrides
-schema["properties"] |= oses
-
-if args.schemastore:
-    schema["$id"] = "https://json.schemastore.org/partial-cibuildwheel.json"
-    schema["$schema"] = "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#"
-    schema["description"] = (
-        "cibuildwheel's toml file, generated with ./bin/generate_schema.py --schemastore from cibuildwheel."
-    )
-
-print(json.dumps(schema, indent=2))

bin/inspect_all_known_projects.py

@@ -1,25 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-"""
-Check known projects for usage of requires-python.
-
-Usage:
-
-    ./bin/inspect_all_known_projects.py --online=$GITHUB_TOKEN
-
-This will cache the results to all_known_setup.yaml; you can reprint
-the results without the `--online` setting.
-"""
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import ast
-from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Iterator
 
 import click
 import yaml
-from github import Github, GithubException
+from ghapi.core import GhApi, HTTP404NotFoundError  # type: ignore
 from rich import print
 
 from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import Analyzer
@@ -59,44 +47,39 @@ def check_repo(name: str, contents: str) -> str:
 
 
 class MaybeRemote:
-    github: Github | None
+    def __init__(self, cached_file: Path | str, *, online: bool) -> None:
-    contents: dict[str, dict[str, str | None]]
+        self.online = online
-
+        if self.online:
-    def __init__(self, cached_file: Path | str, *, online: str | None) -> None:
+            self.contents: dict[str, dict[str, str | None]] = {
-        if online is not None:
-            self.github = Github(online)
-            self.contents = {
                 "setup.py": {},
                 "setup.cfg": {},
                 "pyproject.toml": {},
             }
         else:
-            self.github = None
             with open(cached_file) as f:
                 self.contents = yaml.safe_load(f)
 
     def get(self, repo: str, filename: str) -> str | None:
-        if self.github:
+        if self.online:
             try:
-                gh_file = self.github.get_repo(repo).get_contents(filename)
+                self.contents[filename][repo] = (
-            except GithubException:
+                    GhApi(*repo.split("/")).get_content(filename).decode()
+                )
+            except HTTP404NotFoundError:
                 self.contents[filename][repo] = None
-            else:
-                assert not isinstance(gh_file, list)
-                self.contents[filename][repo] = gh_file.decoded_content.decode(encoding="utf-8")
-
             return self.contents[filename][repo]
         elif repo in self.contents[filename]:
             return self.contents[filename][repo]
         else:
-            msg = f"Trying to access {repo}:{filename} and not in cache, rebuild cache"
+            raise RuntimeError(
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+                f"Trying to access {repo}:{filename} and not in cache, rebuild cache"
+            )
 
     def save(self, filename: Path | str) -> None:
         with open(filename, "w") as f:
             yaml.safe_dump(self.contents, f, default_flow_style=False)
 
-    def on_each(self, repos: Iterable[str]) -> Iterator[tuple[str, str, str | None]]:
+    def on_each(self, repos: list[str]) -> Iterator[tuple[str, str, str | None]]:
         for repo in repos:
             print(f"[bold]{repo}:")
             for filename in sorted(self.contents, reverse=True):
@@ -104,8 +87,8 @@ class MaybeRemote:
 
 
 @click.command()
-@click.option("--online", help="Set to $GITHUB_TOKEN")
+@click.option("--online", is_flag=True, help="Remember to set GITHUB_TOKEN")
-def main(online: str | None) -> None:
+def main(online: bool) -> None:
     with open(DIR / "../docs/data/projects.yml") as f:
         known = yaml.safe_load(f)
 

bin/make_dependency_update_pr.py

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ from subprocess import run
 import click
 
 
-def shell(cmd, *, check: bool, **kwargs):
+def shell(cmd, **kwargs):
-    return run([cmd], shell=True, check=check, **kwargs)
+    return run([cmd], shell=True, **kwargs)
 
 
 def git_repo_has_changes():
-    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
+    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --").returncode != 0
-    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
+    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --").returncode != 0
     return unstaged_changes or staged_changes
 
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def main():
     timestamp = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H-%M-%S", time.gmtime())
     branch_name = f"update-constraints-{timestamp}"
 
-    shell(f"git checkout -b {branch_name} origin/main", check=True)
+    shell(f"git checkout -b {branch_name} origin/master", check=True)
 
     try:
         shell("bin/update_dependencies.py", check=True)
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def main():
                 "pr",
                 "create",
                 "--repo=pypa/cibuildwheel",
-                "--base=main",
+                "--base=master",
                 "--title=Update dependencies",
                 f"--body='{body}'",
             ],
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def main():
         print("Done.")
     finally:
         # remove any local changes
-        shell("git checkout -- .", check=True)
+        shell("git checkout -- .")
         shell(f"git checkout {previous_branch}", check=True)
         shell(f"git branch -D --force {branch_name}", check=True)
 

bin/projects.py

@@ -1,19 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-# /// script
-# dependencies = [
-#   "click",
-#   "pyyaml",
-#   "pygithub",
-# ]
-# ///
-
 """
 Convert a yaml project list into a nice table.
 
 Suggested usage:
 
-    ./bin/projects.py docs/data/projects.yml --online --auth $GITHUB_API_TOKEN
+    ./bin/projects.py docs/data/projects.yml --online --auth $GITHUB_API_TOKEN --readme README.md
     git diff
 """
 
@@ -24,7 +16,6 @@ import functools
 import textwrap
 import urllib.request
 import xml.dom.minidom
-from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
 from datetime import datetime
 from io import StringIO
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -41,7 +32,6 @@ ICONS = (
     "circleci",
     "gitlab",
     "travisci",
-    "cirrusci",
     "windows",
     "apple",
     "linux",
@@ -51,7 +41,7 @@ ICONS = (
 class Project:
     NAME: int = 0
 
-    def __init__(self, config: Mapping[str, Any], github: Github | None = None):
+    def __init__(self, config: dict[str, Any], github: Github | None = None):
         try:
             self.name: str = config["name"]
             self.gh: str = config["gh"]
@@ -72,7 +62,7 @@ class Project:
                 print(f"Broken: {self.stars_repo}")
                 raise
 
-            self.num_stars: int = repo.stargazers_count
+            self.num_stars = repo.stargazers_count
             self.pushed_at = repo.pushed_at
             if not self.notes:
                 notes = repo.description
@@ -149,35 +139,28 @@ def fetch_icon(icon_name: str) -> None:
         f.write(svgElement.toxml())
 
 
-def path_for_icon(icon_name: str, relative_to: Path | None = None) -> Path:
+def path_for_icon(icon_name: str) -> Path:
-    from_path = Path.cwd() if relative_to is None else relative_to.parent
+    return Path(".") / "docs" / "data" / "readme_icons" / f"{icon_name}.svg"
-
-    absolute_path = PROJECT_ROOT / "docs" / "data" / "readme_icons" / f"{icon_name}.svg"
-
-    return absolute_path.resolve().relative_to(from_path.resolve())
 
 
-def get_projects(
+def str_projects(
-    config: Iterable[Mapping[str, Any]],
+    config: list[dict[str, Any]],
     *,
     online: bool = True,
     auth: str | None = None,
-) -> list[Project]:
+) -> str:
+    io = StringIO()
+    print = functools.partial(builtins.print, file=io)
+
     if online:
         for icon in ICONS:
             fetch_icon(icon)
 
     github = Github(auth) if online else None
 
-    return sorted((Project(item, github) for item in config), reverse=online)
+    projects = sorted((Project(item, github) for item in config), reverse=online)
-
-
-def render_projects(projects: Sequence[Project], *, dest_path: Path, include_info: bool = True):
-    io = StringIO()
-    print = functools.partial(builtins.print, file=io)
 
     print(Project.header())
-
     for project in projects:
         print(project.table_row())
 
@@ -187,9 +170,8 @@ def render_projects(projects: Sequence[Project], *, dest_path: Path, include_inf
 
     print()
     for icon in ICONS:
-        print(f"[{icon} icon]: {path_for_icon(icon, relative_to=dest_path).as_posix()}")
+        print(f"[{icon} icon]: {path_for_icon(icon).as_posix()}")
 
-    if include_info:
     print()
     for project in projects:
         print(project.info())
@@ -197,63 +179,33 @@ def render_projects(projects: Sequence[Project], *, dest_path: Path, include_inf
     return io.getvalue()
 
 
-def insert_projects_table(
+@click.command(help="Try ./bin/projects.py docs/data/projects.yml --readme README.md")
-    file: Path,
-    *,
-    projects: Sequence[Project],
-    input_filename: str,
-    include_info: bool = True,
-):
-    text = file.read_text()
-    projects_table = render_projects(projects, include_info=include_info, dest_path=file)
-
-    start_str = "<!-- START bin/projects.py -->\n"
-
-    start = text.find(start_str)
-    assert start != -1
-
-    end = text.find("<!-- END bin/projects.py -->\n")
-    assert end != -1
-
-    generated_note = f"<!-- this section is generated by bin/projects.py. Don't edit it directly, instead, edit {input_filename} -->"
-    new_text = (
-        f"{text[:start + len(start_str)]}\n{generated_note}\n\n{projects_table}\n{text[end:]}"
-    )
-
-    file.write_text(new_text)
-
-
-PROJECT_ROOT = Path(__file__).parent / ".."
-README_FILE = PROJECT_ROOT / "README.md"
-DOCS_PAGE = PROJECT_ROOT / "docs" / "working-examples.md"
-
-
-@click.command(help="Try ./bin/projects.py docs/data/projects.yml")
 @click.argument("input", type=click.File("r"))
 @click.option("--online/--no-online", default=True, help="Get info from GitHub")
 @click.option("--auth", help="GitHub authentication token")
-@click.option(
+@click.option("--readme", type=click.File("r+"), help="Modify a readme file if given")
-    "--dry-run", default=False, help="Print the output, rather than writing it to files in the repo"
-)
 def projects(
     input: TextIO,
     online: bool,
     auth: str | None,
-    dry_run: bool,
+    readme: TextIO | None,
 ) -> None:
     config = yaml.safe_load(input)
-    projects = get_projects(config, online=online, auth=auth)
+    output = str_projects(config, online=online, auth=auth)
 
-    if dry_run:
+    if readme is None:
-        output = render_projects(projects, dest_path=README_FILE)
         print(output)
     else:
-        insert_projects_table(
+        text = readme.read()
-            README_FILE, projects=projects[:10], input_filename=input.name, include_info=False
+        start_str = "<!-- START bin/projects.py -->\n"
-        )
+        start = text.find(start_str)
-        insert_projects_table(
+        end = text.find("<!-- END bin/projects.py -->\n")
-            DOCS_PAGE, projects=projects, input_filename=input.name, include_info=False
+        generated_note = f"<!-- this section is generated by bin/projects.py. Don't edit it directly, instead, edit {input.name} -->"
-        )
+        new_text = f"{text[:start + len(start_str)]}\n{generated_note}\n\n{output}\n{text[end:]}"
+
+        readme.seek(0)
+        readme.write(new_text)
+        readme.truncate()
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

bin/run_example_ci_configs.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import shutil
 import sys
 import textwrap
 import time
-import typing
+from collections import namedtuple
 from glob import glob
 from pathlib import Path
 from subprocess import run
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ from urllib.parse import quote
 import click
 
 
-def shell(cmd, *, check: bool, **kwargs):
+def shell(cmd, **kwargs):
-    return run([cmd], shell=True, check=check, **kwargs)
+    return run([cmd], shell=True, **kwargs)
 
 
 def git_repo_has_changes():
-    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
+    unstaged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet HEAD --").returncode != 0
-    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --", check=False).returncode != 0
+    staged_changes = shell("git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD --").returncode != 0
     return unstaged_changes or staged_changes
 
 
@@ -34,22 +34,17 @@ def generate_basic_project(path):
     project.generate(path)
 
 
-class CIService(typing.NamedTuple):
+CIService = namedtuple("CIService", "name dst_config_path badge_md")
-    name: str
-    dst_config_path: str
-    badge_md: str
-
-
 services = [
     CIService(
         name="appveyor",
         dst_config_path="appveyor.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/gt3vwl88yt0y3hur/branch/{branch}?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/joerick/cibuildwheel/branch/{branch})",
+        badge_md="[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/wbsgxshp05tt1tif/branch/{branch}?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/pypa/cibuildwheel/branch/{branch})",
     ),
     CIService(
         name="azure-pipelines",
         dst_config_path="azure-pipelines.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Build Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/pypa.cibuildwheel?branchName={branch})](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=2&branchName={branch})",
+        badge_md="[![Build Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/joerick.cibuildwheel?branchName={branch})](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=2&branchName={branch})",
     ),
     CIService(
         name="circleci",
@@ -64,29 +59,24 @@ services = [
     CIService(
         name="travis-ci",
         dst_config_path=".travis.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Build Status](https://app.travis-ci.com/pypa/cibuildwheel.svg?branch={branch})](https://app.travis-ci.com/pypa/cibuildwheel)",
+        badge_md="[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/pypa/cibuildwheel.svg?branch={branch})](https://travis-ci.org/pypa/cibuildwheel)",
     ),
     CIService(
         name="gitlab",
         dst_config_path=".gitlab-ci.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/badges/{branch}/pipeline.svg)](https://gitlab.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/-/commits/{branch})",
+        badge_md="[![Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/badges/{branch}/pipeline.svg)](https://gitlab.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/-/commits/{branch})",
-    ),
-    CIService(
-        name="cirrus-ci",
-        dst_config_path=".cirrus.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Cirrus CI](https://api.cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel.svg?branch={branch})](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel/{branch})",
     ),
 ]
 
 
 def ci_service_for_config_file(config_file):
-    filename = Path(config_file).name
+    service_name = Path(config_file).name.rsplit("-", 1)[0]
 
-    try:
+    for service in services:
-        return next(s for s in services if filename.startswith(s.name))
+        if service.name == service_name:
-    except StopIteration:
+            return service
-        msg = f"unknown ci service for config file {config_file}"
+
-        raise ValueError(msg) from None
+    raise ValueError(f"unknown ci service for config file {config_file}")
 
 
 @click.command()
@@ -105,8 +95,7 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
     for config_file in config_files:
         service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
         if service.name in configs_by_service:
-            msg = "You cannot specify more than one config per CI service"
+            raise Exception("You cannot specify more than one config per CI service")
-            raise Exception(msg)
         configs_by_service[service.name] = config_file
 
     if git_repo_has_changes():
@@ -168,7 +157,7 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
     finally:
         # remove any local changes
         shutil.rmtree(example_project, ignore_errors=True)
-        shell("git checkout -- .", check=True)
+        shell("git checkout -- .")
         shell(f"git checkout {previous_branch}", check=True)
         shell(f"git branch -D --force {branch_name}", check=True)
 

bin/run_tests.py

@@ -1,56 +1,23 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import argparse
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    default_cpu_count = os.cpu_count() or 2
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests (linux only)"
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--num-processes",
-        action="store",
-        default=default_cpu_count,
-        help="number of processes to use for testing",
-    )
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
     # move cwd to the project root
     os.chdir(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1])
 
-    # unit tests
+    # run the unit tests
     unit_test_args = [sys.executable, "-m", "pytest", "unit_test"]
-
-    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
     # run the docker unit tests only on Linux
+    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
         unit_test_args += ["--run-docker"]
-
-        if args.run_podman:
-            unit_test_args += ["--run-podman"]
-
     subprocess.run(unit_test_args, check=True)
 
-    # integration tests
+    # run the integration tests
-    integration_test_args = [
+    subprocess.run(
-        sys.executable,
+        [sys.executable, "-m", "pytest", "-x", "--durations", "0", "--timeout=2400", "test"],
-        "-m",
+        check=True,
-        "pytest",
+    )
-        f"--numprocesses={args.num_processes}",
-        "-x",
-        "--durations",
-        "0",
-        "--timeout=2400",
-        "test",
-    ]
-
-    if sys.platform.startswith("linux") and args.run_podman:
-        integration_test_args += ["--run-podman"]
-
-    subprocess.run(integration_test_args, check=True)

bin/sample_build.py

@@ -24,8 +24,4 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         check=True,
     )
 
-    sys.exit(
+    sys.exit(subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-m", "cibuildwheel"], cwd=project_dir).returncode)
-        subprocess.run(
-            [sys.executable, "-m", "cibuildwheel"], cwd=project_dir, check=False
-        ).returncode
-    )

bin/update_dependencies.py

@@ -2,69 +2,97 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import configparser
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+import os
-from pathlib import Path
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import NamedTuple
 
 import requests
 
-DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
+os.chdir(os.path.dirname(__file__))
-RESOURCES = DIR.parent / "cibuildwheel/resources"
+os.chdir("..")
+
+# CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND is a pip-compile option that tells users how to
+# regenerate the constraints files
+os.environ["CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND"] = "bin/update_dependencies.py"
+
+PYTHON_VERSIONS = ["27", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39"]
+
+if "--no-docker" in sys.argv:
+    for python_version in PYTHON_VERSIONS:
+        subprocess.run(
+            [
+                f"./env{python_version}/bin/pip-compile",
+                "--allow-unsafe",
+                "--upgrade",
+                "cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in",
+                f"--output-file=cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python{python_version}.txt",
+            ],
+            check=True,
+        )
+else:
+    # latest manylinux2010 image with cpython 2.7 support
+    image_runner = "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2021-02-06-3d322a5"
+    subprocess.run(["docker", "pull", image_runner], check=True)
+    for python_version in PYTHON_VERSIONS:
+        abi_flags = "" if int(python_version) >= 38 else "m"
+        python_path = f"/opt/python/cp{python_version}-cp{python_version}{abi_flags}/bin/"
+        command = (
+            f"{python_path}pip install pip-tools && "
+            f"{python_path}pip-compile --allow-unsafe --upgrade "
+            "cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in "
+            f"--output-file cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python{python_version}.txt"
+        )
+        subprocess.run(
+            [
+                "docker",
+                "run",
+                "--rm",
+                "--env=CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND",
+                f"--volume={os.getcwd()}:/volume",
+                "--workdir=/volume",
+                image_runner,
+                "bash",
+                "-c",
+                command,
+            ],
+            check=True,
+        )
+
+# default constraints.txt
+shutil.copyfile(
+    f"cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python{PYTHON_VERSIONS[-1]}.txt",
+    "cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt",
+)
 
 
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Image(NamedTuple):
-class Image:
     manylinux_version: str
     platform: str
     image_name: str
-    tag: str | None  # Set this to pin the image
+    tag: str | None
 
 
 images = [
-    # manylinux1 images
     Image("manylinux1", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64", None),
     Image("manylinux1", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686", None),
-    # manylinux2010 images
+    # Images for manylinux2010 are pinned to the latest tag supporting cp27
-    Image("manylinux2010", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux2010", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64", "2021-02-06-3d322a5"),
-    Image("manylinux2010", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686", None),
+    Image("manylinux2010", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686", "2021-02-06-3d322a5"),
-    Image("manylinux2010", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64", None),
+    Image("manylinux2010", "pypy_x86_64", "pypywheels/manylinux2010-pypy_x86_64", None),
-    Image("manylinux2010", "pypy_i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686", None),
+    # 2014 images
-    # manylinux2014 images
     Image("manylinux2014", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64", None),
     Image("manylinux2014", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686", None),
     Image("manylinux2014", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64", None),
     Image("manylinux2014", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le", None),
     Image("manylinux2014", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x", None),
-    Image("manylinux2014", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64", None),
+    # 2_24 images
-    Image("manylinux2014", "pypy_i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686", None),
-    Image("manylinux2014", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64", None),
-    # manylinux_2_24 images
     Image("manylinux_2_24", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64", None),
     Image("manylinux_2_24", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686", None),
     Image("manylinux_2_24", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64", None),
     Image("manylinux_2_24", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le", None),
     Image("manylinux_2_24", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x", None),
-    Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64", None),
-    Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686", None),
-    Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64", None),
-    # manylinux_2_28 images
-    Image("manylinux_2_28", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64", None),
-    Image("manylinux_2_28", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64", None),
-    Image("manylinux_2_28", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le", None),
-    Image("manylinux_2_28", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x", None),
-    Image("manylinux_2_28", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64", None),
-    Image("manylinux_2_28", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64", None),
-    # musllinux_1_1 images
-    Image("musllinux_1_1", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64", None),
-    Image("musllinux_1_1", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686", None),
-    Image("musllinux_1_1", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64", None),
-    Image("musllinux_1_1", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le", None),
-    Image("musllinux_1_1", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x", None),
-    # musllinux_1_2 images
-    Image("musllinux_1_2", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64", None),
-    Image("musllinux_1_2", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686", None),
-    Image("musllinux_1_2", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64", None),
-    Image("musllinux_1_2", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le", None),
-    Image("musllinux_1_2", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x", None),
 ]
 
 config = configparser.ConfigParser()
@@ -110,5 +138,5 @@ for image in images:
 
     config[image.platform][image.manylinux_version] = f"{image.image_name}:{tag_name}"
 
-with open(RESOURCES / "pinned_docker_images.cfg", "w") as f:
+with open("cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg", "w") as f:
     config.write(f)

bin/update_how_it_works_image.py

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import subprocess
-import sys
-from pathlib import Path
-
-try:
-    from html2image import Html2Image  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
-except ImportError:
-    sys.exit(
-        """
-        html2image not found. Ensure you have Chrome (on Mac/Windows) or
-        Chromium (on Linux) installed, and then do:
-            pip install html2image
-        """
-    )
-
-
-def main():
-    subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build"], check=True)
-
-    hti = Html2Image(custom_flags=["--force-device-scale-factor=2"])
-
-    html_str = Path("docs/diagram.md").read_text()
-    css_tags = f"""
-        <style>{Path("site/css/theme.css").read_text()}</style>
-        <style>{Path("site/css/theme_extra.css").read_text()}</style>
-        <style>{Path("site/extra.css").read_text()}</style>
-        <style>
-            body {{
-                background: white;
-            }}
-        </style>
-    """
-    html_str = css_tags + html_str
-
-    [screenshot, *_] = hti.screenshot(
-        html_str=html_str,
-        size=(830, 405),
-    )
-
-    dest_path = Path("docs/data/how-it-works.png")
-    if dest_path.exists():
-        dest_path.unlink()
-
-    Path(screenshot).rename(dest_path)
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()

bin/update_nodejs.py

@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import difflib
-import logging
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Final
-
-import click
-import packaging.specifiers
-import requests
-import rich
-from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
-from rich.logging import RichHandler
-from rich.syntax import Syntax
-
-from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
-
-log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
-
-# Looking up the dir instead of using utils.resources_dir
-# since we want to write to it.
-DIR: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
-RESOURCES_DIR: Final[Path] = DIR / "cibuildwheel/resources"
-
-NODEJS_DIST: Final[str] = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
-NODEJS_INDEX: Final[str] = f"{NODEJS_DIST}index.json"
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
-class VersionTuple:
-    version: Version
-    version_string: str
-
-
-def parse_nodejs_index() -> list[VersionTuple]:
-    versions: list[VersionTuple] = []
-    response = requests.get(NODEJS_INDEX)
-    response.raise_for_status()
-    versions_info = response.json()
-    for version_info in versions_info:
-        version_string = version_info.get("version", "???")
-        if not version_info.get("lts", False):
-            log.debug("Ignoring non LTS release %r", version_string)
-            continue
-        if "linux-x64" not in version_info.get("files", []):
-            log.warning(
-                "Ignoring release %r which does not include a linux-x64 binary", version_string
-            )
-            continue
-        try:
-            version = Version(version_string)
-            if version.is_devrelease:
-                log.info("Ignoring development release %r", str(version))
-                continue
-            if version.is_prerelease:
-                log.info("Ignoring pre-release %r", str(version))
-                continue
-            versions.append(VersionTuple(version, version_string))
-        except InvalidVersion:
-            log.warning("Ignoring release %r", version_string)
-    versions.sort(reverse=True)
-    return versions
-
-
-@click.command()
-@click.option("--force", is_flag=True)
-@click.option(
-    "--level", default="INFO", type=click.Choice(["WARNING", "INFO", "DEBUG"], case_sensitive=False)
-)
-def update_nodejs(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
-    logging.basicConfig(
-        level="INFO",
-        format="%(message)s",
-        datefmt="[%X]",
-        handlers=[RichHandler(rich_tracebacks=True, markup=True)],
-    )
-    log.setLevel(level)
-
-    toml_file_path = RESOURCES_DIR / "nodejs.toml"
-
-    original_toml = toml_file_path.read_text()
-    with toml_file_path.open("rb") as f:
-        nodejs_data = tomllib.load(f)
-
-    nodejs_data.pop("url")
-
-    major_versions = [VersionTuple(Version(key), key) for key in nodejs_data]
-    major_versions.sort(reverse=True)
-
-    versions = parse_nodejs_index()
-
-    # update existing versions, 1 per LTS
-    for major_version in major_versions:
-        current = Version(nodejs_data[major_version.version_string])
-        specifier = packaging.specifiers.SpecifierSet(
-            specifiers=f"=={major_version.version.major}.*"
-        )
-        for version in versions:
-            if specifier.contains(version.version) and version.version > current:
-                nodejs_data[major_version.version_string] = version.version_string
-                break
-
-    # check for a new major LTS to insert
-    if versions and versions[0].version.major > major_versions[0].version.major:
-        major_versions.insert(
-            0,
-            VersionTuple(Version(str(versions[0].version.major)), f"v{versions[0].version.major}"),
-        )
-        nodejs_data[major_versions[0].version_string] = versions[0].version_string
-
-    versions_toml = "\n".join(
-        f'{major_version.version_string} = "{nodejs_data[major_version.version_string]}"'
-        for major_version in major_versions
-    )
-    result_toml = f'url = "{NODEJS_DIST}"\n{versions_toml}\n'
-
-    rich.print()  # spacer
-
-    if original_toml == result_toml:
-        rich.print("[green]Check complete, nodejs version unchanged.")
-        return
-
-    rich.print("nodejs version updated.")
-    rich.print("Changes:")
-    rich.print()
-
-    toml_relpath = toml_file_path.relative_to(DIR).as_posix()
-    diff_lines = difflib.unified_diff(
-        original_toml.splitlines(keepends=True),
-        result_toml.splitlines(keepends=True),
-        fromfile=toml_relpath,
-        tofile=toml_relpath,
-    )
-    rich.print(Syntax("".join(diff_lines), "diff", theme="ansi_light"))
-    rich.print()
-
-    if force:
-        toml_file_path.write_text(result_toml)
-        rich.print("[green]TOML file updated.")
-    else:
-        rich.print("[yellow]File left unchanged. Use --force flag to update.")
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    update_nodejs()

bin/update_pythons.py

@@ -5,20 +5,20 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import copy
 import difflib
 import logging
-from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Final, Literal, TypedDict, Union
+from typing import Union
 
 import click
 import requests
 import rich
+import toml
 from packaging.specifiers import Specifier
 from packaging.version import Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
-from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
+from cibuildwheel.extra import InlineArrayDictEncoder
-from cibuildwheel.extra import dump_python_configurations
+from cibuildwheel.typing import Final, Literal, TypedDict
 
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ DIR: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
 RESOURCES_DIR: Final[Path] = DIR / "cibuildwheel/resources"
 
 
-ArchStr = Literal["32", "64", "ARM64"]
+ArchStr = Literal["32", "64"]
 
 
 class ConfigWinCP(TypedDict):
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ AnyConfig = Union[ConfigWinCP, ConfigWinPP, ConfigMacOS]
 
 
 class WindowsVersions:
-    def __init__(self, arch_str: ArchStr, free_threaded: bool) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, arch_str: ArchStr) -> None:
+
         response = requests.get("https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json")
         response.raise_for_status()
         api_info = response.json()
@@ -67,47 +68,41 @@ class WindowsVersions:
             if resource["@type"] == "PackageBaseAddress/3.0.0":
                 endpoint = resource["@id"]
 
-        ARCH_DICT = {"32": "win32", "64": "win_amd64", "ARM64": "win_arm64"}
+        ARCH_DICT = {"32": "win32", "64": "win_amd64"}
-        PACKAGE_DICT = {"32": "pythonx86", "64": "python", "ARM64": "pythonarm64"}
+        PACKAGE_DICT = {"32": "pythonx86", "64": "python"}
 
         self.arch_str = arch_str
         self.arch = ARCH_DICT[arch_str]
-        self.free_threaded = free_threaded
-
         package = PACKAGE_DICT[arch_str]
-        if free_threaded:
-            package = f"{package}-freethreaded"
 
         response = requests.get(f"{endpoint}{package}/index.json")
         response.raise_for_status()
         cp_info = response.json()
 
-        self.version_dict = {Version(v): v for v in cp_info["versions"]}
+        versions = (Version(v) for v in cp_info["versions"])
+        self.versions = sorted(v for v in versions if not v.is_devrelease)
 
     def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigWinCP | None:
-        # Specifier.filter selects all non pre-releases that match the spec,
+        versions = sorted(v for v in self.versions if spec.contains(v))
-        # unless there are only pre-releases, then it selects pre-releases
+        if not all(v.is_prerelease for v in versions):
-        # instead (like pip)
+            versions = [v for v in versions if not v.is_prerelease]
-        unsorted_versions = spec.filter(self.version_dict)
+        log.debug(f"Windows {self.arch} {spec} has {', '.join(str(v) for v in versions)}")
-        versions = sorted(unsorted_versions, reverse=True)
-
-        log.debug("Windows %s %s has %s", self.arch, spec, ", ".join(str(v) for v in versions))
 
         if not versions:
             return None
 
-        flags = "t" if self.free_threaded else ""
+        version = versions[-1]
-        version = versions[0]
+        identifier = f"cp{version.major}{version.minor}-{self.arch}"
-        identifier = f"cp{version.major}{version.minor}{flags}-{self.arch}"
         return ConfigWinCP(
             identifier=identifier,
-            version=self.version_dict[version],
+            version=str(version),
             arch=self.arch_str,
         )
 
 
 class PyPyVersions:
     def __init__(self, arch_str: ArchStr):
+
         response = requests.get("https://downloads.python.org/pypy/versions.json")
         response.raise_for_status()
 
@@ -123,60 +118,48 @@ class PyPyVersions:
         ]
         self.arch = arch_str
 
-    def get_arch_file(self, release: Mapping[str, Any]) -> str:
-        urls: list[str] = [
-            rf["download_url"]
-            for rf in release["files"]
-            if "" in rf["platform"] == f"win{self.arch}"
-        ]
-        return urls[0] if urls else ""
-
     def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigWinCP:
+        if self.arch != "32":
+            raise RuntimeError("64 bit releases not supported yet on Windows")
+
         releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
         releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])
-        releases = [r for r in releases if self.get_arch_file(r)]
 
         if not releases:
-            msg = f"PyPy Win {self.arch} not found for {spec}! {self.releases}"
+            raise RuntimeError(f"PyPy Win {self.arch} not found for {spec}! {self.releases}")
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-        version_arch = "win32" if self.arch == "32" else "win_amd64"
 
         release = releases[-1]
         version = release["python_version"]
-        identifier = f"pp{version.major}{version.minor}-{version_arch}"
+        identifier = f"pp{version.major}{version.minor}-win32"
-        url = self.get_arch_file(release)
+
+        (url,) = [rf["download_url"] for rf in release["files"] if "" in rf["platform"] == "win32"]
 
         return ConfigWinPP(
             identifier=identifier,
             version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
-            arch=self.arch,
+            arch="32",
             url=url,
         )
 
     def update_version_macos(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigMacOS:
-        if self.arch not in {"64", "ARM64"}:
+        if self.arch != "64":
-            msg = f"'{self.arch}' arch not supported yet on macOS"
+            raise RuntimeError("Other archs not supported yet on macOS")
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
         releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
         releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])
 
         if not releases:
-            msg = f"PyPy macOS {self.arch} not found for {spec}!"
+            raise RuntimeError(f"PyPy macOS {self.arch} not found for {spec}!")
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
         release = releases[-1]
         version = release["python_version"]
-        arch = "x86_64" if self.arch == "64" else self.arch.lower()
+        identifier = f"pp{version.major}{version.minor}-macosx_x86_64"
-        identifier = f"pp{version.major}{version.minor}-macosx_{arch}"
 
-        arch = "x64" if self.arch == "64" else self.arch.lower()
+        (url,) = [
-        (url,) = (
             rf["download_url"]
             for rf in release["files"]
-            if "" in rf["platform"] == "darwin" and rf["arch"] == arch
+            if "" in rf["platform"] == "darwin" and rf["arch"] == "x64"
-        )
+        ]
 
         return ConfigMacOS(
             identifier=identifier,
@@ -187,6 +170,7 @@ class PyPyVersions:
 
 class CPythonVersions:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
+
         response = requests.get(
             "https://www.python.org/api/v2/downloads/release/?is_published=true"
         )
@@ -199,33 +183,29 @@ class CPythonVersions:
             # Removing the prefix, Python 3.9 would use: release["name"].removeprefix("Python ")
             version = Version(release["name"][7:])
 
+            if not version.is_prerelease and not version.is_devrelease:
                 uri = int(release["resource_uri"].rstrip("/").split("/")[-1])
                 self.versions_dict[version] = uri
 
-    def update_version_macos(
+    def update_version_macos(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigMacOS | None:
-        self, identifier: str, version: Version, spec: Specifier
+        file_idents = ("macos11.pkg", "macosx10.9.pkg", "macosx10.6.pkg")
-    ) -> ConfigMacOS | None:
+        sorted_versions = sorted(v for v in self.versions_dict if spec.contains(v))
-        # see note above on Specifier.filter
-        unsorted_versions = spec.filter(self.versions_dict)
-        sorted_versions = sorted(unsorted_versions, reverse=True)
 
-        macver = "x10.9" if version <= Version("3.8.9999") else "11"
+        for version in reversed(sorted_versions):
-        file_ident = f"macos{macver}.pkg"
-
-        for new_version in sorted_versions:
             # Find the first patch version that contains the requested file
-            uri = self.versions_dict[new_version]
+            uri = self.versions_dict[version]
             response = requests.get(
                 f"https://www.python.org/api/v2/downloads/release_file/?release={uri}"
             )
             response.raise_for_status()
             file_info = response.json()
 
+            for file_ident in file_idents:
                 urls = [rf["url"] for rf in file_info if file_ident in rf["url"]]
                 if urls:
                     return ConfigMacOS(
                         identifier=identifier,
-                    version=f"{new_version.major}.{new_version.minor}",
+                        version=f"{version.major}.{version.minor}",
                         url=urls[0],
                     )
 
@@ -238,64 +218,53 @@ class CPythonVersions:
 
 class AllVersions:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.windows_32 = WindowsVersions("32", False)
+        self.windows_32 = WindowsVersions("32")
-        self.windows_t_32 = WindowsVersions("32", True)
+        self.windows_64 = WindowsVersions("64")
-        self.windows_64 = WindowsVersions("64", False)
+        self.windows_pypy = PyPyVersions("32")
-        self.windows_t_64 = WindowsVersions("64", True)
-        self.windows_arm64 = WindowsVersions("ARM64", False)
-        self.windows_t_arm64 = WindowsVersions("ARM64", True)
-        self.windows_pypy_64 = PyPyVersions("64")
 
         self.macos_cpython = CPythonVersions()
         self.macos_pypy = PyPyVersions("64")
-        self.macos_pypy_arm64 = PyPyVersions("ARM64")
 
-    def update_config(self, config: MutableMapping[str, str]) -> None:
+    def update_config(self, config: dict[str, str]) -> None:
         identifier = config["identifier"]
         version = Version(config["version"])
         spec = Specifier(f"=={version.major}.{version.minor}.*")
-        log.info("Reading in %r -> %s @ %s", str(identifier), spec, version)
+        log.info(f"Reading in '{identifier}' -> {spec} @ {version}")
         orig_config = copy.copy(config)
-        config_update: AnyConfig | None = None
+        config_update: AnyConfig | None
 
         # We need to use ** in update due to MyPy (probably a bug)
-        if "macosx" in identifier:
+        if "macos" in identifier:
-            if identifier.startswith("cp"):
+            if identifier.startswith("pp"):
-                config_update = self.macos_cpython.update_version_macos(identifier, version, spec)
-            elif identifier.startswith("pp"):
-                if "macosx_x86_64" in identifier:
                 config_update = self.macos_pypy.update_version_macos(spec)
-                elif "macosx_arm64" in identifier:
+            else:
-                    config_update = self.macos_pypy_arm64.update_version_macos(spec)
+                config_update = self.macos_cpython.update_version_macos(identifier, spec)
-        elif "t-win32" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
-            config_update = self.windows_t_32.update_version_windows(spec)
-        elif "win32" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
-            config_update = self.windows_32.update_version_windows(spec)
-        elif "t-win_amd64" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
-            config_update = self.windows_t_64.update_version_windows(spec)
-        elif "win_amd64" in identifier:
-            if identifier.startswith("cp"):
-                config_update = self.windows_64.update_version_windows(spec)
-            elif identifier.startswith("pp"):
-                config_update = self.windows_pypy_64.update_version_windows(spec)
-        elif "t-win_arm64" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
-            config_update = self.windows_t_arm64.update_version_windows(spec)
-        elif "win_arm64" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
-            config_update = self.windows_arm64.update_version_windows(spec)
 
-        assert config_update is not None, f"{identifier} not found!"
+            assert config_update is not None, f"MacOS {spec} not found!"
+            config.update(**config_update)
+        elif "win32" in identifier:
+            if identifier.startswith("pp"):
+                config.update(**self.windows_pypy.update_version_windows(spec))
+            else:
+                config_update = self.windows_32.update_version_windows(spec)
+                if config_update:
+                    config.update(**config_update)
+        elif "win_amd64" in identifier:
+            config_update = self.windows_64.update_version_windows(spec)
+            if config_update:
                 config.update(**config_update)
 
         if config != orig_config:
-            log.info("  Updated %s to %s", orig_config, config)
+            log.info(f"  Updated {orig_config} to {config}")
 
 
 @click.command()
 @click.option("--force", is_flag=True)
 @click.option(
-    "--level", default="INFO", type=click.Choice(["WARNING", "INFO", "DEBUG"], case_sensitive=False)
+    "--level", default="INFO", type=click.Choice(["INFO", "DEBUG", "TRACE"], case_sensitive=False)
 )
 def update_pythons(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
+
     logging.basicConfig(
         level="INFO",
         format="%(message)s",
@@ -308,8 +277,7 @@ def update_pythons(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
     toml_file_path = RESOURCES_DIR / "build-platforms.toml"
 
     original_toml = toml_file_path.read_text()
-    with toml_file_path.open("rb") as f:
+    configs = toml.loads(original_toml)
-        configs = tomllib.load(f)
 
     for config in configs["windows"]["python_configurations"]:
         all_versions.update_config(config)
@@ -317,7 +285,7 @@ def update_pythons(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
     for config in configs["macos"]["python_configurations"]:
         all_versions.update_config(config)
 
-    result_toml = dump_python_configurations(configs)
+    result_toml = toml.dumps(configs, encoder=InlineArrayDictEncoder())  # type: ignore
 
     rich.print()  # spacer
 

bin/update_readme_changelog.py

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import re
-import sys
-from pathlib import Path
-
-PROJECT_ROOT = Path(__file__).parent / ".."
-CHANGELOG_FILE = PROJECT_ROOT / "docs" / "changelog.md"
-README_FILE = PROJECT_ROOT / "README.md"
-
-# https://regexr.com/622ds
-FIRST_5_CHANGELOG_ENTRIES_REGEX = re.compile(r"""(^###.*?(?=###)){5}""", re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
-
-# https://regexr.com/622e5
-README_CHANGELOG_SECTION = re.compile(
-    r"""(?<=<!-- START bin\/update_readme_changelog.py -->\n).*(?=<!-- END bin\/update_readme_changelog.py -->)""",
-    re.DOTALL,
-)
-
-
-def main():
-    changelog_text = CHANGELOG_FILE.read_text()
-    readme_text = README_FILE.read_text()
-
-    mini_changelog_match = FIRST_5_CHANGELOG_ENTRIES_REGEX.search(changelog_text)
-    assert mini_changelog_match, "Failed to find the first few changelog entries"
-
-    mini_changelog = "\n".join(
-        [
-            "",
-            "<!-- this section was generated by bin/update_readme_changelog.py -- do not edit manually -->",
-            "",
-            mini_changelog_match.group(0).strip(),
-            "",
-            "",
-        ]
-    )
-
-    if not re.search(README_CHANGELOG_SECTION, readme_text):
-        sys.exit("Changelog section not found in README")
-
-    readme_text = re.sub(README_CHANGELOG_SECTION, mini_changelog, readme_text)
-    README_FILE.write_text(readme_text)
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()

bin/update_virtualenv.py

@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import difflib
-import logging
-import subprocess
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Final
-
-import click
-import rich
-from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
-from rich.logging import RichHandler
-from rich.syntax import Syntax
-
-from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
-
-log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
-
-# Looking up the dir instead of using utils.resources_dir
-# since we want to write to it.
-DIR: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()
-RESOURCES_DIR: Final[Path] = DIR / "cibuildwheel/resources"
-
-GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB: Final[str] = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv"
-GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE: Final[str] = (
-    f"{GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB}/blob/{{version}}/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"
-)
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
-class VersionTuple:
-    version: Version
-    version_string: str
-
-
-def git_ls_remote_versions(url) -> list[VersionTuple]:
-    versions: list[VersionTuple] = []
-    tags = subprocess.run(
-        ["git", "ls-remote", "--tags", url], check=True, text=True, capture_output=True
-    ).stdout.splitlines()
-    for tag in tags:
-        _, ref = tag.split()
-        assert ref.startswith("refs/tags/")
-        version_string = ref[10:]
-        try:
-            version = Version(version_string)
-            if version.is_devrelease:
-                log.info("Ignoring development release %r", str(version))
-                continue
-            if version.is_prerelease:
-                log.info("Ignoring pre-release %r", str(version))
-                continue
-            versions.append(VersionTuple(version, version_string))
-        except InvalidVersion:
-            log.warning("Ignoring ref %r", ref)
-    versions.sort(reverse=True)
-    return versions
-
-
-@click.command()
-@click.option("--force", is_flag=True)
-@click.option(
-    "--level", default="INFO", type=click.Choice(["WARNING", "INFO", "DEBUG"], case_sensitive=False)
-)
-def update_virtualenv(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
-    logging.basicConfig(
-        level="INFO",
-        format="%(message)s",
-        datefmt="[%X]",
-        handlers=[RichHandler(rich_tracebacks=True, markup=True)],
-    )
-    log.setLevel(level)
-
-    toml_file_path = RESOURCES_DIR / "virtualenv.toml"
-
-    original_toml = toml_file_path.read_text()
-    with toml_file_path.open("rb") as f:
-        configurations = tomllib.load(f)
-    default = configurations.pop("default")
-    version = str(default["version"])
-    versions = git_ls_remote_versions(GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB)
-    if versions[0].version > Version(version):
-        version = versions[0].version_string
-
-    configurations["default"] = {
-        "version": version,
-        "url": GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE.format(version=version),
-    }
-    result_toml = "".join(
-        f'{key} = {{ version = "{value["version"]}", url = "{value["url"]}" }}\n'
-        for key, value in configurations.items()
-    )
-
-    rich.print()  # spacer
-
-    if original_toml == result_toml:
-        rich.print("[green]Check complete, virtualenv version unchanged.")
-        return
-
-    rich.print("virtualenv version updated.")
-    rich.print("Changes:")
-    rich.print()
-
-    toml_relpath = toml_file_path.relative_to(DIR).as_posix()
-    diff_lines = difflib.unified_diff(
-        original_toml.splitlines(keepends=True),
-        result_toml.splitlines(keepends=True),
-        fromfile=toml_relpath,
-        tofile=toml_relpath,
-    )
-    rich.print(Syntax("".join(diff_lines), "diff", theme="ansi_light"))
-    rich.print()
-
-    if force:
-        toml_file_path.write_text(result_toml)
-        rich.print("[green]TOML file updated.")
-    else:
-        rich.print("[yellow]File left unchanged. Use --force flag to update.")
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    update_virtualenv()

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
+__version__ = "1.12.0"
-
-__version__ = "2.20.0"

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -1,89 +1,90 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import argparse
-import dataclasses
 import os
-import shutil
 import sys
-import tarfile
 import textwrap
 import traceback
-import typing
+from configparser import ConfigParser
-from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path
-from tempfile import mkdtemp
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Union, overload
-from typing import Protocol
+
+from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 
 import cibuildwheel
 import cibuildwheel.linux
 import cibuildwheel.macos
-import cibuildwheel.pyodide
 import cibuildwheel.util
 import cibuildwheel.windows
-from cibuildwheel import errors
-from cibuildwheel._compat.typing import assert_never
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, allowed_architectures_check
-from cibuildwheel.logger import log
+from cibuildwheel.environment import EnvironmentParseError, parse_environment
-from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments, Options, compute_options
+from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import get_requires_python_str
-from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, GenericPythonConfiguration, PlatformName
+from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName, assert_never
 from cibuildwheel.util import (
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    BuildOptions,
     BuildSelector,
-    CIProvider,
+    DependencyConstraints,
+    TestSelector,
     Unbuffered,
-    chdir,
     detect_ci_provider,
-    fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions,
+    resources_dir,
-    strtobool,
 )
 
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass
+@overload
-class GlobalOptions:
+def get_option_from_environment(
-    print_traceback_on_error: bool = True  # decides what happens when errors are hit.
+    option_name: str, *, platform: Optional[str] = None, default: str
+) -> str:
+    ...  # noqa: E704
+
+
+@overload
+def get_option_from_environment(
+    option_name: str, *, platform: Optional[str] = None, default: None = None
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    ...  # noqa: E704 E302
+
+
+def get_option_from_environment(
+    option_name: str, *, platform: Optional[str] = None, default: Optional[str] = None
+) -> Optional[str]:  # noqa: E302
+    """
+    Returns an option from the environment, optionally scoped by the platform.
+
+    Example:
+      get_option_from_environment('CIBW_COLOR', platform='macos')
+
+      This will return the value of CIBW_COLOR_MACOS if it exists, otherwise the value of
+      CIBW_COLOR.
+    """
+    if platform:
+        option = os.environ.get(f"{option_name}_{platform.upper()}")
+        if option is not None:
+            return option
+
+    return os.environ.get(option_name, default)
 
 
 def main() -> None:
-    global_options = GlobalOptions()
+    platform: PlatformName
-    try:
-        main_inner(global_options)
-    except errors.FatalError as e:
-        message = e.args[0]
-        if log.step_active:
-            log.step_end_with_error(message)
-        else:
-            print(f"cibuildwheel: {message}", file=sys.stderr)
-
-        if global_options.print_traceback_on_error:
-            traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
-
-        sys.exit(e.return_code)
-
-
-def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
-    """
-    `main_inner` is the same as `main`, but it raises FatalError exceptions
-    rather than exiting directly.
-    """
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Build wheels for all the platforms.",
         epilog="""
-            Most options are supplied via environment variables or in
+            Most options are supplied via environment variables.
-            --config-file (pyproject.toml usually). See
+            See https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel#options for info.
-            https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel#options for info.
         """,
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
         "--platform",
-        choices=["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide"],
+        choices=["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"],
-        default=None,
+        default=os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "auto"),
         help="""
-            Platform to build for. Use this option to override the
+            Platform to build for. For "linux" you need docker running, on Mac
-            auto-detected platform. Specifying "macos" or "windows" only works
+            or Linux. For "macos", you need a Mac machine, and note that this
-            on that operating system, but "linux" works on all three, as long
+            script is going to automatically install MacPython on your system,
-            as Docker/Podman is installed. Default: auto.
+            so don't run on your development machine. For "windows", you need to
+            run in Windows, and it will build and test for all versions of
+            Python. Default: auto.
         """,
     )
 
@@ -101,47 +102,21 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
         """,
     )
 
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--only",
-        default=None,
-        help="""
-            Force a single wheel build when given an identifier. Overrides
-            CIBW_BUILD/CIBW_SKIP. --platform and --arch cannot be specified
-            if this is given.
-        """,
-    )
-
     parser.add_argument(
         "--output-dir",
-        type=Path,
+        default=os.environ.get("CIBW_OUTPUT_DIR", "wheelhouse"),
-        default=Path(os.environ.get("CIBW_OUTPUT_DIR", "wheelhouse")),
+        help="Destination folder for the wheels.",
-        help="Destination folder for the wheels. Default: wheelhouse.",
-    )
-
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--config-file",
-        default="",
-        help="""
-            TOML config file. Default: "", meaning {package}/pyproject.toml, if
-            it exists. To refer to a project inside your project, use {package};
-            this matters if you build from an SDist.
-        """,
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
         "package_dir",
-        metavar="PACKAGE",
+        default=".",
-        default=Path("."),
-        type=Path,
         nargs="?",
         help="""
-            Path to the package that you want wheels for. Default: the working
+            Path to the package that you want wheels for. Must be a subdirectory of
-            directory. Can be a directory inside the working directory, or an
+            the working directory. When set, the working directory is still
-            sdist. When set to a directory, the working directory is still
+            considered the 'project' and is copied into the Docker container on
-            considered the 'project' and is copied into the build container
+            Linux. Default: the working directory.
-            on Linux.  When set to a tar.gz sdist file, --config-file
-            and --output-dir are relative to the current directory, and other
-            paths are relative to the expanded SDist directory.
         """,
     )
 
@@ -157,208 +132,258 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
         help="Do not report an error code if the build does not match any wheels.",
     )
 
-    parser.add_argument(
+    args = parser.parse_args()
-        "--prerelease-pythons",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Enable pre-release Python versions if available.",
-    )
 
-    parser.add_argument(
+    detect_obsolete_options()
-        "--debug-traceback",
-        action="store_true",
-        default=strtobool(os.environ.get("CIBW_DEBUG_TRACEBACK", "0")),
-        help="Print a full traceback for all errors",
-    )
 
-    args = CommandLineArguments(**vars(parser.parse_args()))
+    if args.platform != "auto":
-
+        platform = args.platform
-    global_options.print_traceback_on_error = args.debug_traceback
-
-    args.package_dir = args.package_dir.resolve()
-
-    # This are always relative to the base directory, even in SDist builds
-    args.output_dir = args.output_dir.resolve()
-
-    # Standard builds if a directory or non-existent path is given
-    if not args.package_dir.is_file() and not args.package_dir.name.endswith("tar.gz"):
-        build_in_directory(args)
-        return
-
-    # Tarfile builds require extraction and changing the directory
-    temp_dir = Path(mkdtemp(prefix="cibw-sdist-")).resolve(strict=True)
-    try:
-        with tarfile.open(args.package_dir) as tar:
-            tar.extractall(path=temp_dir)
-
-        # The extract directory is now the project dir
-        try:
-            (project_dir,) = temp_dir.iterdir()
-        except ValueError:
-            msg = "invalid sdist: didn't contain a single dir"
-            raise SystemExit(msg) from None
-
-        # This is now the new package dir
-        args.package_dir = project_dir.resolve()
-
-        with chdir(project_dir):
-            build_in_directory(args)
-    finally:
-        # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
-        # cleanup manually
-        shutil.rmtree(temp_dir, ignore_errors=sys.platform.startswith("win"))
-        if temp_dir.exists():
-            log.warning(f"Can't delete temporary folder '{temp_dir}'")
-
-
-def _compute_platform_only(only: str) -> PlatformName:
-    if "linux_" in only:
-        return "linux"
-    if "macosx_" in only:
-        return "macos"
-    if "win_" in only or "win32" in only:
-        return "windows"
-    if "pyodide_" in only:
-        return "pyodide"
-    msg = f"Invalid --only='{only}', must be a build selector with a known platform"
-    raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
-
-
-def _compute_platform_auto() -> PlatformName:
-    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
-        return "linux"
-    elif sys.platform == "darwin":
-        return "macos"
-    elif sys.platform == "win32":
-        return "windows"
     else:
-        msg = (
+        ci_provider = detect_ci_provider()
-            'cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform from "sys.platform". cibuildwheel doesn\'t '
+        if ci_provider is None:
-            "support building wheels for this platform. You might be able to build for a different "
+            print(
-            "platform using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information."
+                textwrap.dedent(
+                    """
+                    cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform. cibuildwheel should run on your CI server;
+                    Travis CI, AppVeyor, Azure Pipelines, GitHub Actions, CircleCI, and Gitlab are
+                    supported. You can run on your development machine or other CI providers using the
+                    --platform argument. Check --help output for more information.
+                    """
+                ),
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            sys.exit(2)
+        if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+            platform = "linux"
+        elif sys.platform == "darwin":
+            platform = "macos"
+        elif sys.platform == "win32":
+            platform = "windows"
+        else:
+            print(
+                'cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform from "sys.platform" in a CI environment. You can run '
+                "cibuildwheel using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information.",
+                file=sys.stderr,
             )
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
-
-
-def _compute_platform(args: CommandLineArguments) -> PlatformName:
-    platform_option_value = args.platform or os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "") or "auto"
-
-    if args.only and args.platform is not None:
-        msg = "--platform cannot be specified with --only, it is computed from --only"
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
-    if args.only and args.archs is not None:
-        msg = "--arch cannot be specified with --only, it is computed from --only"
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
-
-    if platform_option_value not in PLATFORMS | {"auto"}:
-        msg = f"Unsupported platform: {platform_option_value}"
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
-
-    if args.only:
-        return _compute_platform_only(args.only)
-    elif platform_option_value != "auto":
-        return typing.cast(PlatformName, platform_option_value)
-
-    return _compute_platform_auto()
-
-
-class PlatformModule(Protocol):
-    # note that as per PEP544, the self argument is ignored when the protocol
-    # is applied to a module
-    def get_python_configurations(
-        self, build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: Set[Architecture]
-    ) -> Sequence[GenericPythonConfiguration]: ...
-
-    def build(self, options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None: ...
-
-
-# pylint: disable-next=inconsistent-return-statements
-def get_platform_module(platform: PlatformName) -> PlatformModule:
-    if platform == "linux":
-        return cibuildwheel.linux
-    if platform == "windows":
-        return cibuildwheel.windows
-    if platform == "macos":
-        return cibuildwheel.macos
-    if platform == "pyodide":
-        return cibuildwheel.pyodide
-    assert_never(platform)
-
-
-def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
-    platform: PlatformName = _compute_platform(args)
-    if platform == "pyodide" and sys.platform == "win32":
-        msg = "cibuildwheel: Building for pyodide is not supported on Windows"
-        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
             sys.exit(2)
 
-    options = compute_options(platform=platform, command_line_arguments=args, env=os.environ)
+    if platform not in PLATFORMS:
+        print(f"cibuildwheel: Unsupported platform: {platform}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    package_dir = Path(args.package_dir)
+    output_dir = Path(args.output_dir)
+
+    if platform == "linux":
+        repair_command_default = "auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
+    elif platform == "macos":
+        repair_command_default = "delocate-listdeps {wheel} && delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
+    elif platform == "windows":
+        repair_command_default = ""
+    else:
+        assert_never(platform)
+
+    build_config = os.environ.get("CIBW_BUILD") or "*"
+    skip_config = os.environ.get("CIBW_SKIP", "")
+    test_skip = os.environ.get("CIBW_TEST_SKIP", "")
+    environment_config = get_option_from_environment(
+        "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT", platform=platform, default=""
+    )
+    before_all = get_option_from_environment("CIBW_BEFORE_ALL", platform=platform, default="")
+    before_build = get_option_from_environment("CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD", platform=platform)
+    repair_command = get_option_from_environment(
+        "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND", platform=platform, default=repair_command_default
+    )
+    dependency_versions = get_option_from_environment(
+        "CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS", platform=platform, default="pinned"
+    )
+    test_command = get_option_from_environment("CIBW_TEST_COMMAND", platform=platform)
+    before_test = get_option_from_environment("CIBW_BEFORE_TEST", platform=platform)
+    test_requires = get_option_from_environment(
+        "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES", platform=platform, default=""
+    ).split()
+    test_extras = get_option_from_environment("CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS", platform=platform, default="")
+    build_verbosity_str = get_option_from_environment(
+        "CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY", platform=platform, default=""
+    )
 
-    package_dir = options.globals.package_dir
     package_files = {"setup.py", "setup.cfg", "pyproject.toml"}
 
     if not any(package_dir.joinpath(name).exists() for name in package_files):
         names = ", ".join(sorted(package_files, reverse=True))
-        msg = f"Could not find any of {{{names}}} at root of package"
+        print(
-        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+            f"cibuildwheel: Could not find any of {{{names}}} at root of package", file=sys.stderr
-
-    platform_module = get_platform_module(platform)
-    identifiers = get_build_identifiers(
-        platform_module=platform_module,
-        build_selector=options.globals.build_selector,
-        architectures=options.globals.architectures,
         )
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    # Passing this in as an environment variable will override pyproject.toml, setup.cfg, or setup.py
+    requires_python_str: Optional[str] = os.environ.get(
+        "CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON"
+    ) or get_requires_python_str(package_dir)
+    requires_python = None if requires_python_str is None else SpecifierSet(requires_python_str)
+
+    build_selector = BuildSelector(
+        build_config=build_config, skip_config=skip_config, requires_python=requires_python
+    )
+    test_selector = TestSelector(skip_config=test_skip)
+
+    try:
+        environment = parse_environment(environment_config)
+    except (EnvironmentParseError, ValueError):
+        print(f'cibuildwheel: Malformed environment option "{environment_config}"', file=sys.stderr)
+        traceback.print_exc(None, sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    if dependency_versions == "pinned":
+        dependency_constraints: Optional[
+            DependencyConstraints
+        ] = DependencyConstraints.with_defaults()
+    elif dependency_versions == "latest":
+        dependency_constraints = None
+    else:
+        dependency_versions_path = Path(dependency_versions)
+        dependency_constraints = DependencyConstraints(dependency_versions_path)
+
+    if test_extras:
+        test_extras = f"[{test_extras}]"
+
+    try:
+        build_verbosity = min(3, max(-3, int(build_verbosity_str)))
+    except ValueError:
+        build_verbosity = 0
+
+    # Add CIBUILDWHEEL environment variable
+    # This needs to be passed on to the docker container in linux.py
+    os.environ["CIBUILDWHEEL"] = "1"
+
+    if args.archs is not None:
+        archs_config_str = args.archs
+    else:
+        archs_config_str = get_option_from_environment(
+            "CIBW_ARCHS", platform=platform, default="auto"
+        )
+
+    archs = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=platform)
+
+    identifiers = get_build_identifiers(platform, build_selector, archs)
 
     if args.print_build_identifiers:
         for identifier in identifiers:
             print(identifier)
         sys.exit(0)
 
-    # Add CIBUILDWHEEL environment variable
+    manylinux_images: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None
-    os.environ["CIBUILDWHEEL"] = "1"
+    if platform == "linux":
+        pinned_docker_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
+        all_pinned_docker_images = ConfigParser()
+        all_pinned_docker_images.read(pinned_docker_images_file)
+        # all_pinned_docker_images looks like a dict of dicts, e.g.
+        # { 'x86_64': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
+        #   'i686': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
+        #   'pypy_x86_64': {'manylinux2010': '...' }
+        #   ... }
 
-    # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving
+        manylinux_images = {}
-    # problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to
-    # 'print'
-    sys.stdout = Unbuffered(sys.stdout)
 
-    # create the cache dir before it gets printed & builds performed
+        for build_platform in ["x86_64", "i686", "pypy_x86_64", "aarch64", "ppc64le", "s390x"]:
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            pinned_images = all_pinned_docker_images[build_platform]
 
-    print_preamble(platform=platform, options=options, identifiers=identifiers)
+            config_name = f"CIBW_MANYLINUX_{build_platform.upper()}_IMAGE"
+            config_value = os.environ.get(config_name)
+
+            if config_value is None:
+                # default to manylinux2010 if it's available, otherwise manylinux2014
+                image = pinned_images.get("manylinux2010") or pinned_images.get("manylinux2014")
+            elif config_value in pinned_images:
+                image = pinned_images[config_value]
+            else:
+                image = config_value
+
+            manylinux_images[build_platform] = image
+
+    build_options = BuildOptions(
+        architectures=archs,
+        package_dir=package_dir,
+        output_dir=output_dir,
+        test_command=test_command,
+        test_requires=test_requires,
+        test_extras=test_extras,
+        before_test=before_test,
+        before_build=before_build,
+        before_all=before_all,
+        build_verbosity=build_verbosity,
+        build_selector=build_selector,
+        test_selector=test_selector,
+        repair_command=repair_command,
+        environment=environment,
+        dependency_constraints=dependency_constraints,
+        manylinux_images=manylinux_images,
+    )
+
+    # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to 'print'
+    sys.stdout = Unbuffered(sys.stdout)  # type: ignore
+
+    print_preamble(platform, build_options)
 
     try:
-        options.check_for_invalid_configuration(identifiers)
+        allowed_architectures_check(platform, build_options.architectures)
-        allowed_architectures_check(platform, options.globals.architectures)
     except ValueError as err:
-        raise errors.DeprecationError(*err.args) from err
+        print("cibuildwheel:", *err.args, file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(4)
 
     if not identifiers:
-        message = f"No build identifiers selected: {options.globals.build_selector}"
+        print(f"cibuildwheel: No build identifiers selected: {build_selector}", file=sys.stderr)
-        if options.globals.allow_empty:
+        if not args.allow_empty:
-            print(f"cibuildwheel: {message}", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(3)
-        else:
-            raise errors.NothingToDoError(message)
-
-    output_dir = options.globals.output_dir
 
     if not output_dir.exists():
         output_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
 
-    tmp_path = Path(mkdtemp(prefix="cibw-run-")).resolve(strict=True)
-    try:
     with cibuildwheel.util.print_new_wheels(
         "\n{n} wheels produced in {m:.0f} minutes:", output_dir
     ):
-            platform_module.build(options, tmp_path)
+        if platform == "linux":
-    finally:
+            cibuildwheel.linux.build(build_options)
-        # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
+        elif platform == "windows":
-        # cleanup manually
+            cibuildwheel.windows.build(build_options)
-        shutil.rmtree(tmp_path, ignore_errors=sys.platform.startswith("win"))
+        elif platform == "macos":
-        if tmp_path.exists():
+            cibuildwheel.macos.build(build_options)
-            log.warning(f"Can't delete temporary folder '{tmp_path}'")
+        else:
+            assert_never(platform)
 
 
-def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: Sequence[str]) -> None:
+def detect_obsolete_options() -> None:
+    # Check the old 'MANYLINUX1_*_IMAGE' options
+    for (deprecated, alternative) in [
+        ("CIBW_MANYLINUX1_X86_64_IMAGE", "CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE"),
+        ("CIBW_MANYLINUX1_I686_IMAGE", "CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE"),
+    ]:
+        if deprecated in os.environ:
+            print(
+                f"'{deprecated}' has been deprecated, and will be removed in a future release. Use the option '{alternative}' instead."
+            )
+            if alternative not in os.environ:
+                print(f"Using value of option '{deprecated}' as replacement for '{alternative}'")
+                os.environ[alternative] = os.environ[deprecated]
+            else:
+                print(f"Option '{alternative}' is not empty. Please unset '{deprecated}'")
+                sys.exit(2)
+
+    # Check for deprecated identifiers in 'CIBW_BUILD' and 'CIBW_SKIP' options
+    for option in ["CIBW_BUILD", "CIBW_SKIP"]:
+        for deprecated, alternative in [
+            ("manylinux1", "manylinux"),
+            ("macosx_10_6_intel", "macosx_x86_64"),
+            ("macosx_10_9_x86_64", "macosx_x86_64"),
+        ]:
+            if option in os.environ and deprecated in os.environ[option]:
+                print(
+                    f"Build identifiers with '{deprecated}' have been deprecated. Replacing all occurences of '{deprecated}' with '{alternative}' in the option '{option}'"
+                )
+                os.environ[option] = os.environ[option].replace(deprecated, alternative)
+
+
+def print_preamble(platform: str, build_options: BuildOptions) -> None:
     print(
         textwrap.dedent(
             """
@@ -373,16 +398,11 @@ def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: Sequence[str])
     print(f"cibuildwheel version {cibuildwheel.__version__}\n")
 
     print("Build options:")
-    print(f"  platform: {platform}")
+    print(f"  platform: {platform!r}")
-    options_summary = textwrap.indent(options.summary(identifiers), "  ")
+    for option, value in sorted(build_options._asdict().items()):
-    if detect_ci_provider() == CIProvider.github_actions:
+        print(f"  {option}: {value!r}")
-        options_summary = fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions(options_summary)
-    print(options_summary)
 
-    print()
+    warnings = detect_warnings(platform, build_options)
-    print(f"Cache folder: {CIBW_CACHE_PATH}")
-
-    warnings = detect_warnings(options=options, identifiers=identifiers)
     if warnings:
         print("\nWarnings:")
         for warning in warnings:
@@ -392,22 +412,40 @@ def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: Sequence[str])
 
 
 def get_build_identifiers(
-    platform_module: PlatformModule,
+    platform: PlatformName, build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: Set[Architecture]
-    build_selector: BuildSelector,
+) -> List[str]:
-    architectures: Set[Architecture],
+    python_configurations: Union[
-) -> list[str]:
+        List[cibuildwheel.linux.PythonConfiguration],
-    python_configurations = platform_module.get_python_configurations(build_selector, architectures)
+        List[cibuildwheel.windows.PythonConfiguration],
+        List[cibuildwheel.macos.PythonConfiguration],
+    ]
+
+    if platform == "linux":
+        python_configurations = cibuildwheel.linux.get_python_configurations(
+            build_selector, architectures
+        )
+    elif platform == "windows":
+        python_configurations = cibuildwheel.windows.get_python_configurations(
+            build_selector, architectures
+        )
+    elif platform == "macos":
+        python_configurations = cibuildwheel.macos.get_python_configurations(
+            build_selector, architectures
+        )
+    else:
+        assert_never(platform)
+
     return [config.identifier for config in python_configurations]
 
 
-def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> list[str]:
+def detect_warnings(platform: str, build_options: BuildOptions) -> List[str]:
     warnings = []
 
     # warn about deprecated {python} and {pip}
     for option_name in ["test_command", "before_build"]:
-        option_values = [getattr(options.build_options(i), option_name) for i in identifiers]
+        option_value = getattr(build_options, option_name)
 
-        if any(o and ("{python}" in o or "{pip}" in o) for o in option_values):
+        if option_value and ("{python}" in option_value or "{pip}" in option_value):
             # Reminder: in an f-string, double braces means literal single brace
             msg = (
                 f"{option_name}: '{{python}}' and '{{pip}}' are no longer needed, "

cibuildwheel/_compat/__init__.py

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations

cibuildwheel/_compat/tomllib.py

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import sys
-
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
-    from tomllib import load, loads
-else:
-    from tomli import load, loads
-
-__all__ = ["load", "loads"]

cibuildwheel/_compat/typing.py

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import sys
-
-if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
-    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, Self, assert_never
-else:
-    from typing import NotRequired, Self, assert_never
-
-__all__ = (
-    "assert_never",
-    "NotRequired",
-    "Self",
-)

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -1,28 +1,12 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import functools
 import platform as platform_module
 import re
-import sys
-from collections.abc import Set
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Final, Literal
+from typing import Set
 
-from ._compat.typing import assert_never
+from .typing import Literal, PlatformName, assert_never
-from .typing import PlatformName
 
-PRETTY_NAMES: Final[dict[PlatformName, str]] = {
+PRETTY_NAMES = {"linux": "Linux", "macos": "macOS", "windows": "Windows"}
-    "linux": "Linux",
-    "macos": "macOS",
-    "windows": "Windows",
-    "pyodide": "Pyodide",
-}
-
-ARCH_SYNONYMS: Final[list[dict[PlatformName, str | None]]] = [
-    {"linux": "x86_64", "macos": "x86_64", "windows": "AMD64"},
-    {"linux": "i686", "macos": None, "windows": "x86"},
-    {"linux": "aarch64", "macos": "arm64", "windows": "ARM64"},
-]
 
 
 @functools.total_ordering
@@ -45,20 +29,13 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
     # windows archs
     x86 = "x86"
     AMD64 = "AMD64"
-    ARM64 = "ARM64"
-
-    # WebAssembly
-    wasm32 = "wasm32"
 
     # Allow this to be sorted
-    def __lt__(self, other: Architecture) -> bool:
+    def __lt__(self, other: "Architecture") -> bool:
         return self.value < other.value
 
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return self.name
-
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
+    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> "Set[Architecture]":
         result = set()
         for arch_str in re.split(r"[\s,]+", config):
             if arch_str == "auto":
@@ -76,70 +53,42 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
         return result
 
     @staticmethod
-    def native_arch(platform: PlatformName) -> Architecture | None:
+    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "Set[Architecture]":
-        if platform == "pyodide":
+        native_architecture = Architecture(platform_module.machine())
-            return Architecture.wasm32
+        result = {native_architecture}
 
-        # Cross-platform support. Used for --print-build-identifiers or docker builds.
+        if platform == "linux" and native_architecture == Architecture.x86_64:
-        host_platform: PlatformName = (
+            # x86_64 machines can run i686 docker containers
-            "windows"
-            if sys.platform.startswith("win")
-            else ("macos" if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") else "linux")
-        )
-
-        native_machine = platform_module.machine()
-        native_architecture = Architecture(native_machine)
-
-        # we might need to rename the native arch to the machine we're running
-        # on, as the same arch can have different names on different platforms
-        if host_platform != platform:
-            for arch_synonym in ARCH_SYNONYMS:
-                if native_machine == arch_synonym.get(host_platform):
-                    synonym = arch_synonym[platform]
-
-                    if synonym is None:
-                        # can't build anything on this platform
-                        return None
-
-                    native_architecture = Architecture(synonym)
-
-        return native_architecture
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
-        native_arch = Architecture.native_arch(platform)
-        if native_arch is None:
-            return set()  # can't build anything on this platform
-        result = {native_arch}
-
-        if platform == "linux" and Architecture.x86_64 in result:
-            # x86_64 machines can run i686 containers
             result.add(Architecture.i686)
 
-        if platform == "windows" and Architecture.AMD64 in result:
+        if platform == "windows" and native_architecture == Architecture.AMD64:
             result.add(Architecture.x86)
 
+        if platform == "macos" and native_architecture == Architecture.arm64:
+            # arm64 can build and test both archs of a universal2 wheel.
+            result.add(Architecture.universal2)
+
         return result
 
     @staticmethod
-    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
+    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "Set[Architecture]":
-        all_archs_map = {
+        if platform == "linux":
-            "linux": {
+            return {
                 Architecture.x86_64,
                 Architecture.i686,
                 Architecture.aarch64,
                 Architecture.ppc64le,
                 Architecture.s390x,
-            },
-            "macos": {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64, Architecture.universal2},
-            "windows": {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64, Architecture.ARM64},
-            "pyodide": {Architecture.wasm32},
             }
-        return all_archs_map[platform]
+        elif platform == "macos":
+            return {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.arm64, Architecture.universal2}
+        elif platform == "windows":
+            return {Architecture.x86, Architecture.AMD64}
+        else:
+            assert_never(platform)
 
     @staticmethod
-    # pylint: disable-next=inconsistent-return-statements
+    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> "Set[Architecture]":
-    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> set[Architecture]:
         archs_32 = {Architecture.i686, Architecture.x86}
         auto_archs = Architecture.auto_archs(platform)
 
@@ -155,6 +104,7 @@ def allowed_architectures_check(
     platform: PlatformName,
     architectures: Set[Architecture],
 ) -> None:
+
     allowed_architectures = Architecture.all_archs(platform)
 
     msg = f"{PRETTY_NAMES[platform]} only supports {sorted(allowed_architectures)} at the moment."

cibuildwheel/bashlex_eval.py

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import subprocess
-from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
+from typing import Callable, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Callable, Dict, List  # noqa: TID251
 
 import bashlex
 
@@ -11,19 +7,20 @@ import bashlex
 EnvironmentExecutor = Callable[[List[str], Dict[str, str]], str]
 
 
-def local_environment_executor(command: Sequence[str], env: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
+def local_environment_executor(command: List[str], env: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
-    return subprocess.run(command, env=env, text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, check=True).stdout
+    return subprocess.run(
+        command, env=env, universal_newlines=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, check=True
+    ).stdout
 
 
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class NodeExecutionContext(NamedTuple):
-class NodeExecutionContext:
+    environment: Dict[str, str]
-    environment: dict[str, str]
     input: str
     executor: EnvironmentExecutor
 
 
 def evaluate(
-    value: str, environment: Mapping[str, str], executor: EnvironmentExecutor | None = None
+    value: str, environment: Dict[str, str], executor: Optional[EnvironmentExecutor] = None
 ) -> str:
     if not value:
         # empty string evaluates to empty string
@@ -33,17 +30,14 @@ def evaluate(
     command_node = bashlex.parsesingle(value)
 
     if len(command_node.parts) != 1:
-        msg = f"{value!r} has too many parts"
+        raise ValueError(f'"{value}" has too many parts')
-        raise ValueError(msg)
 
     value_word_node = command_node.parts[0]
 
     return evaluate_node(
         value_word_node,
         context=NodeExecutionContext(
-            environment=dict(environment),
+            environment=environment, input=value, executor=executor or local_environment_executor
-            input=value,
-            executor=executor or local_environment_executor,
         ),
     )
 
@@ -58,8 +52,7 @@ def evaluate_node(node: bashlex.ast.node, context: NodeExecutionContext) -> str:
     elif node.kind == "parameter":
         return evaluate_parameter_node(node, context=context)
     else:
-        msg = f"Unsupported bash construct: {node.kind!r}"
+        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported bash construct: "{node.kind}"')
-        raise ValueError(msg)
 
 
 def evaluate_word_node(node: bashlex.ast.node, context: NodeExecutionContext) -> str:
@@ -70,8 +63,10 @@ def evaluate_word_node(node: bashlex.ast.node, context: NodeExecutionContext) ->
         part_value = evaluate_node(part, context=context)
 
         if part_string not in value:
-            msg = f"bash parse failed. part {part_string!r} not found in {value!r}. Word was {node.word!r}. Full input was {context.input!r}"
+            raise RuntimeError(
-            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+                f'bash parse failed. part "{part_string}" not found in "{value}". '
+                f'Word was "{node.word}". Full input was "{context.input}"'
+            )
 
         value = value.replace(part_string, part_value, 1)
 
@@ -98,17 +93,15 @@ def evaluate_nodes_as_compound_command(
             result += evaluate_command_node(node, context=context)
         elif node.kind == "operator":
             if node.op != ";":
-                msg = f"Unsupported bash operator: {node.op!r}"
+                raise ValueError(f'Unsupported bash operator: "{node.op}"')
-                raise ValueError(msg)
         else:
-            msg = f"Unsupported bash node in compound command: {node.kind!r}"
+            raise ValueError(f'Unsupported bash node in compound command: "{node.kind}"')
-            raise ValueError(msg)
 
     return result
 
 
 def evaluate_nodes_as_simple_command(
-    nodes: Iterable[bashlex.ast.node], context: NodeExecutionContext
+    nodes: List[bashlex.ast.node], context: NodeExecutionContext
 ) -> str:
     command = [evaluate_node(part, context=context) for part in nodes]
     return context.executor(command, context.environment)

cibuildwheel/docker_container.py

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+import io
+import json
+import os
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import uuid
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import IO, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, cast
+
+from .typing import PathOrStr, PopenBytes
+
+
+class DockerContainer:
+    """
+    An object that represents a running Docker container.
+
+    Intended for use as a context manager e.g.
+    `with DockerContainer('ubuntu') as docker:`
+
+    A bash shell is running in the remote container. When `call()` is invoked,
+    the command is relayed to the remote shell, and the results are streamed
+    back to cibuildwheel.
+    """
+
+    UTILITY_PYTHON = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python"
+
+    process: PopenBytes
+    bash_stdin: IO[bytes]
+    bash_stdout: IO[bytes]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, docker_image: str, simulate_32_bit: bool = False, cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None
+    ):
+        if not docker_image:
+            raise ValueError("Must have a non-empty docker image to run.")
+
+        self.docker_image = docker_image
+        self.simulate_32_bit = simulate_32_bit
+        self.cwd = cwd
+        self.name: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "DockerContainer":
+        self.name = f"cibuildwheel-{uuid.uuid4()}"
+        cwd_args = ["-w", str(self.cwd)] if self.cwd else []
+        shell_args = ["linux32", "/bin/bash"] if self.simulate_32_bit else ["/bin/bash"]
+        subprocess.run(
+            [
+                "docker",
+                "create",
+                "--env=CIBUILDWHEEL",
+                f"--name={self.name}",
+                "--interactive",
+                "--volume=/:/host",  # ignored on CircleCI
+                *cwd_args,
+                self.docker_image,
+                *shell_args,
+            ],
+            check=True,
+        )
+        self.process = subprocess.Popen(
+            [
+                "docker",
+                "start",
+                "--attach",
+                "--interactive",
+                self.name,
+            ],
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
+
+        assert self.process.stdin and self.process.stdout
+        self.bash_stdin = self.process.stdin
+        self.bash_stdout = self.process.stdout
+
+        # run a noop command to block until the container is responding
+        self.call(["/bin/true"])
+
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+
+        self.bash_stdin.close()
+        self.process.terminate()
+        self.process.wait()
+
+        assert isinstance(self.name, str)
+
+        subprocess.run(["docker", "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        self.name = None
+
+    def copy_into(self, from_path: Path, to_path: PurePath) -> None:
+        # `docker cp` causes 'no space left on device' error when
+        # a container is running and the host filesystem is
+        # mounted. https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/38995
+        # Use `docker exec` instead.
+
+        if from_path.is_dir():
+            self.call(["mkdir", "-p", to_path])
+            subprocess.run(
+                f"tar cf - . | docker exec -i {self.name} tar -xC {shell_quote(to_path)} -f -",
+                shell=True,
+                check=True,
+                cwd=from_path,
+            )
+        else:
+            subprocess.run(
+                f'cat {shell_quote(from_path)} | docker exec -i {self.name} sh -c "cat > {shell_quote(to_path)}"',
+                shell=True,
+                check=True,
+            )
+
+    def copy_out(self, from_path: PurePath, to_path: Path) -> None:
+        # note: we assume from_path is a dir
+        to_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        subprocess.run(
+            f"docker exec -i {self.name} tar -cC {shell_quote(from_path)} -f - . | tar -xf -",
+            shell=True,
+            check=True,
+            cwd=to_path,
+        )
+
+    def glob(self, path: PurePath, pattern: str) -> List[PurePath]:
+        glob_pattern = os.path.join(str(path), pattern)
+
+        path_strs = json.loads(
+            self.call(
+                [
+                    self.UTILITY_PYTHON,
+                    "-c",
+                    f"import sys, json, glob; json.dump(glob.glob({glob_pattern!r}), sys.stdout)",
+                ],
+                capture_output=True,
+            )
+        )
+
+        return [PurePath(p) for p in path_strs]
+
+    def call(
+        self,
+        args: Sequence[PathOrStr],
+        env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        capture_output: bool = False,
+        cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+
+        chdir = f"cd {cwd}" if cwd else ""
+        env_assignments = (
+            " ".join(f"{shlex.quote(k)}={shlex.quote(v)}" for k, v in env.items())
+            if env is not None
+            else ""
+        )
+        command = " ".join(shlex.quote(str(a)) for a in args)
+        end_of_message = str(uuid.uuid4())
+
+        # log the command we're executing
+        print(f"    + {command}")
+
+        # Write a command to the remote shell. First we change the
+        # cwd, if that's required. Then, we use the `env` utility to run
+        # `command` inside the specified environment. We use `env` because it
+        # can cope with spaces and strange characters in the name or value.
+        # Finally, the remote shell is told to write a footer - this will show
+        # up in the output so we know when to stop reading, and will include
+        # the returncode of `command`.
+        self.bash_stdin.write(
+            bytes(
+                f"""(
+            {chdir}
+            env {env_assignments} {command}
+            printf "%04d%s\n" $? {end_of_message}
+        )
+        """,
+                encoding="utf8",
+                errors="surrogateescape",
+            )
+        )
+        self.bash_stdin.flush()
+
+        if capture_output:
+            output_io: IO[bytes] = io.BytesIO()
+        else:
+            output_io = sys.stdout.buffer
+
+        while True:
+            line = self.bash_stdout.readline()
+
+            if line.endswith(bytes(end_of_message, encoding="utf8") + b"\n"):
+                # fmt: off
+                footer_offset = (
+                    len(line)
+                    - 1  # newline character
+                    - len(end_of_message)  # delimiter
+                    - 4  # 4 returncode decimals
+                )
+                # fmt: on
+                returncode_str = line[footer_offset : footer_offset + 4]
+                returncode = int(returncode_str)
+                # add the last line to output, without the footer
+                output_io.write(line[0:footer_offset])
+                break
+            else:
+                output_io.write(line)
+
+        if isinstance(output_io, io.BytesIO):
+            output = str(output_io.getvalue(), encoding="utf8", errors="surrogateescape")
+        else:
+            output = ""
+
+        if returncode != 0:
+            raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(returncode, args, output)
+
+        return output
+
+    def get_environment(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        env = json.loads(
+            self.call(
+                [
+                    self.UTILITY_PYTHON,
+                    "-c",
+                    "import sys, json, os; json.dump(os.environ.copy(), sys.stdout)",
+                ],
+                capture_output=True,
+            )
+        )
+        return cast(Dict[str, str], env)
+
+    def environment_executor(self, command: List[str], environment: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+        # used as an EnvironmentExecutor to evaluate commands and capture output
+        return self.call(command, env=environment, capture_output=True)
+
+
+def shell_quote(path: PurePath) -> str:
+    return shlex.quote(str(path))

cibuildwheel/environment.py

@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import Dict, List, Mapping, Optional
-
-import dataclasses
-from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
-from typing import Any, Protocol
 
 import bashlex
-import bashlex.errors
 
 from . import bashlex_eval
 
@@ -14,7 +9,7 @@ class EnvironmentParseError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
-def split_env_items(env_string: str) -> list[str]:
+def split_env_items(env_string: str) -> List[str]:
     """Splits space-separated variable assignments into a list of individual assignments.
 
     >>> split_env_items('VAR=abc')
@@ -33,11 +28,7 @@ def split_env_items(env_string: str) -> list[str]:
     if not env_string:
         return []
 
-    try:
     command_node = bashlex.parsesingle(env_string)
-    except bashlex.errors.ParsingError as e:
-        raise EnvironmentParseError(env_string) from e
-
     result = []
 
     for word_node in command_node.parts:
@@ -47,40 +38,7 @@ def split_env_items(env_string: str) -> list[str]:
     return result
 
 
-class EnvironmentAssignment(Protocol):
+class EnvironmentAssignment:
-    name: str
-
-    def evaluated_value(
-        self,
-        *,
-        environment: Mapping[str, str],
-        executor: bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor | None = None,
-    ) -> str:
-        """Returns the value of this assignment, as evaluated in the environment"""
-
-
-class EnvironmentAssignmentRaw:
-    """
-    An environment variable - a simple name/value pair
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, name: str, value: str):
-        self.name = name
-        self.value = value
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.name}={self.value}"
-
-    def evaluated_value(self, **_: Any) -> str:
-        return self.value
-
-
-class EnvironmentAssignmentBash:
-    """
-    An environment variable, in bash syntax. The value can use bash constructs
-    like "$OTHER_VAR" and "$(command arg1 arg2)".
-    """
-
     def __init__(self, assignment: str):
         name, equals, value = assignment.partition("=")
         if not equals:
@@ -90,33 +48,29 @@ class EnvironmentAssignmentBash:
 
     def evaluated_value(
         self,
-        environment: Mapping[str, str],
+        environment: Dict[str, str],
-        executor: bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor | None = None,
+        executor: Optional[bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor] = None,
     ) -> str:
+        """Returns the value of this assignment, as evaluated in the environment"""
         return bashlex_eval.evaluate(self.value, environment=environment, executor=executor)
 
+    def as_shell_assignment(self) -> str:
+        return f"export {self.name}={self.value}"
+
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.name}={self.value}"
 
-    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
-        if isinstance(other, EnvironmentAssignmentBash):
-            return self.name == other.name and self.value == other.value
-        return False
 
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ParsedEnvironment:
-    assignments: list[EnvironmentAssignment]
+    def __init__(self, assignments: List[EnvironmentAssignment]):
-
+        self.assignments = assignments
-    def __init__(self, assignments: Sequence[EnvironmentAssignment]) -> None:
-        self.assignments = list(assignments)
 
     def as_dictionary(
         self,
         prev_environment: Mapping[str, str],
-        executor: bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor | None = None,
+        executor: Optional[bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor] = None,
-    ) -> dict[str, str]:
+    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
-        environment = {**prev_environment}
+        environment = dict(**prev_environment)
 
         for assignment in self.assignments:
             value = assignment.evaluated_value(environment=environment, executor=executor)
@@ -124,21 +78,14 @@ class ParsedEnvironment:
 
         return environment
 
-    def add(self, name: str, value: str, prepend: bool = False) -> None:
+    def as_shell_commands(self) -> List[str]:
-        assignment = EnvironmentAssignmentRaw(name=name, value=value)
+        return [a.as_shell_assignment() for a in self.assignments]
-        if prepend:
-            self.assignments.insert(0, assignment)
-        else:
-            self.assignments.append(assignment)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({[repr(a) for a in self.assignments]!r})"
+        return f"ParsedEnvironment({[repr(a) for a in self.assignments]!r})"
-
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
-        return self.assignments
 
 
 def parse_environment(env_string: str) -> ParsedEnvironment:
     env_items = split_env_items(env_string)
-    assignments = [EnvironmentAssignmentBash(item) for item in env_items]
+    assignments = [EnvironmentAssignment(item) for item in env_items]
     return ParsedEnvironment(assignments=assignments)

cibuildwheel/errors.py

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Errors that can cause the build to fail. Each subclass of FatalError has
-a different return code, by defining them all here, we can ensure that they're
-semantically clear and unique.
-"""
-
-import textwrap
-
-
-class FatalError(BaseException):
-    """
-    Raising an error of this type will cause the message to be printed to
-    stderr and the process to be terminated. Within cibuildwheel, raising this
-    exception produces a better error message, and optional traceback.
-    """
-
-    return_code: int = 1
-
-
-class ConfigurationError(FatalError):
-    return_code = 2
-
-
-class NothingToDoError(FatalError):
-    return_code = 3
-
-
-class DeprecationError(FatalError):
-    return_code = 4
-
-
-class NonPlatformWheelError(FatalError):
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        message = textwrap.dedent(
-            """
-            Build failed because a pure Python wheel was generated.
-
-            If you intend to build a pure-Python wheel, you don't need cibuildwheel - use
-            `pip wheel -w DEST_DIR .` instead.
-
-            If you expected a platform wheel, check your project configuration, or run
-            cibuildwheel with CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY=1 to view build logs.
-            """
-        )
-        super().__init__(message)
-        self.return_code = 5
-
-
-class AlreadyBuiltWheelError(FatalError):
-    def __init__(self, wheel_name: str) -> None:
-        message = textwrap.dedent(
-            f"""
-            Build failed because a wheel named {wheel_name} was already generated in the current run.
-
-            If you expected another wheel to be generated, check your project configuration, or run
-            cibuildwheel with CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY=1 to view build logs.
-            """
-        )
-        super().__init__(message)
-        self.return_code = 6

cibuildwheel/extra.py

@@ -2,33 +2,22 @@
 These are utilities for the `/bin` scripts, not for the `cibuildwheel` program.
 """
 
-from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import Any, Dict
 
-from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+import toml.encoder
-from io import StringIO
+from packaging.version import Version
-from typing import Protocol
-
-__all__ = ("Printable", "dump_python_configurations")
 
 
-class Printable(Protocol):
+class InlineArrayDictEncoder(toml.encoder.TomlEncoder):  # type: ignore
-    def __str__(self) -> str: ...
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.dump_funcs[Version] = lambda v: f'"{v}"'
 
-
+    def dump_sections(self, o: Dict[str, Any], sup: str) -> Any:
-def dump_python_configurations(
+        if not all(isinstance(a, list) for a in o.values()):
-    inp: Mapping[str, Mapping[str, Sequence[Mapping[str, Printable]]]],
+            return super().dump_sections(o, sup)
-) -> str:
+        val = ""
-    output = StringIO()
+        for k, v in o.items():
-    for header, values in inp.items():
+            inner = ",\n  ".join(self.dump_inline_table(d_i).strip() for d_i in v)
-        output.write(f"[{header}]\n")
+            val += f"{k} = [\n  {inner},\n]\n"
-        for inner_header, listing in values.items():
+        return val, self._dict()
-            output.write(f"{inner_header} = [\n")
-            for item in listing:
-                output.write("  { ")
-                dict_contents = (f'{key} = "{value}"' for key, value in item.items())
-                output.write(", ".join(dict_contents))
-                output.write(" },\n")
-            output.write("]\n")
-        output.write("\n")
-    # Strip the final newline, to avoid two blank lines at the end.
-    return output.getvalue()[:-1]

cibuildwheel/linux.py

@@ -1,58 +1,39 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
-from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, Set
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List, NamedTuple, Set
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
-from typing import OrderedDict, Tuple
 
-from packaging.version import Version
-
-from . import errors
-from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .architecture import Architecture
+from .docker_container import DockerContainer
 from .logger import log
-from .oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig
-from .options import BuildOptions, Options
 from .typing import PathOrStr
 from .util import (
-    BuildFrontendConfig,
+    BuildOptions,
     BuildSelector,
-    find_compatible_wheel,
+    NonPlatformWheelError,
     get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
     prepare_command,
     read_python_configs,
-    split_config_settings,
+    resources_dir,
-    test_fail_cwd_file,
-    unwrap,
 )
 
 
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
-class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
     identifier: str
     path_str: str
 
     @property
-    def path(self) -> PurePosixPath:
+    def path(self) -> PurePath:
-        return PurePosixPath(self.path_str)
+        return PurePath(self.path_str)
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class BuildStep:
-    platform_configs: list[PythonConfiguration]
-    platform_tag: str
-    container_engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig
-    container_image: str
 
 
 def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector,
     architectures: Set[Architecture],
-) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
+) -> List[PythonConfiguration]:
+
     full_python_configs = read_python_configs("linux")
 
     python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
@@ -67,296 +48,217 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     ]
 
 
-def container_image_for_python_configuration(
+def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
-    config: PythonConfiguration, build_options: BuildOptions
+    try:
-) -> str:
+        # check docker is installed
-    # e.g
+        subprocess.run(["docker", "--version"], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
-    # identifier is 'cp310-manylinux_x86_64'
+    except Exception:
-    # platform_tag is 'manylinux_x86_64'
+        print(
-    # platform_arch is 'x86_64'
+            "cibuildwheel: Docker not found. Docker is required to run Linux builds. "
-    _, platform_tag = config.identifier.split("-", 1)
+            "If you're building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to your .travis.yml."
-    _, platform_arch = platform_tag.split("_", 1)
+            "If you're building on Circle CI in Linux, add a `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml",
-
+            file=sys.stderr,
-    assert build_options.manylinux_images is not None
-    assert build_options.musllinux_images is not None
-
-    return (
-        build_options.manylinux_images[platform_arch]
-        if platform_tag.startswith("manylinux")
-        else build_options.musllinux_images[platform_arch]
         )
+        sys.exit(2)
 
+    assert options.manylinux_images is not None
+    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(options.build_selector, options.architectures)
+    platforms = [
+        ("cp", "manylinux_x86_64", options.manylinux_images["x86_64"]),
+        ("cp", "manylinux_i686", options.manylinux_images["i686"]),
+        ("cp", "manylinux_aarch64", options.manylinux_images["aarch64"]),
+        ("cp", "manylinux_ppc64le", options.manylinux_images["ppc64le"]),
+        ("cp", "manylinux_s390x", options.manylinux_images["s390x"]),
+        ("pp", "manylinux_x86_64", options.manylinux_images["pypy_x86_64"]),
+    ]
 
-def get_build_steps(
+    cwd = Path.cwd()
-    options: Options, python_configurations: list[PythonConfiguration]
+    abs_package_dir = options.package_dir.resolve()
-) -> Iterator[BuildStep]:
+    if cwd != abs_package_dir and cwd not in abs_package_dir.parents:
-    """
+        raise Exception("package_dir must be inside the working directory")
-    Groups PythonConfigurations into BuildSteps. Each BuildStep represents a
-    separate container instance.
-    """
-    steps = OrderedDict[Tuple[str, str, str, OCIContainerEngineConfig], BuildStep]()
 
-    for config in python_configurations:
+    container_project_path = PurePath("/project")
-        _, platform_tag = config.identifier.split("-", 1)
+    container_package_dir = container_project_path / abs_package_dir.relative_to(cwd)
+    container_output_dir = PurePath("/output")
 
-        build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
+    for implementation, platform_tag, docker_image in platforms:
-
+        platform_configs = [
-        before_all = build_options.before_all
+            c
-        container_image = container_image_for_python_configuration(config, build_options)
+            for c in python_configurations
-        container_engine = build_options.container_engine
+            if c.identifier.startswith(implementation) and c.identifier.endswith(platform_tag)
-
+        ]
-        step_key = (platform_tag, container_image, before_all, container_engine)
+        if not platform_configs:
-
+            continue
-        if step_key in steps:
-            steps[step_key].platform_configs.append(config)
-        else:
-            steps[step_key] = BuildStep(
-                platform_configs=[config],
-                platform_tag=platform_tag,
-                container_engine=container_engine,
-                container_image=container_image,
-            )
-
-    yield from steps.values()
-
-
-def check_all_python_exist(
-    *, platform_configs: Iterable[PythonConfiguration], container: OCIContainer
-) -> None:
-    exist = True
-    has_manylinux_interpreters = True
-    messages = []
 
         try:
-        # use capture_output to keep quiet
+            log.step(f"Starting Docker image {docker_image}...")
-        container.call(["manylinux-interpreters", "--help"], capture_output=True)
+            with DockerContainer(
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+                docker_image,
-        has_manylinux_interpreters = False
+                simulate_32_bit=platform_tag.endswith("i686"),
+                cwd=container_project_path,
+            ) as docker:
 
-    for config in platform_configs:
+                log.step("Copying project into Docker...")
-        python_path = config.path / "bin" / "python"
+                docker.copy_into(Path.cwd(), container_project_path)
-        try:
-            if has_manylinux_interpreters:
-                container.call(["manylinux-interpreters", "ensure", config.path.name])
-            container.call(["test", "-x", python_path])
-        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-            messages.append(
-                f"  '{python_path}' executable doesn't exist in image '{container.image}' to build '{config.identifier}'."
-            )
-            exist = False
-    if not exist:
-        message = "\n".join(messages)
-        raise errors.FatalError(message)
 
-
+                if options.before_all:
-def build_in_container(
-    *,
-    options: Options,
-    platform_configs: Sequence[PythonConfiguration],
-    container: OCIContainer,
-    container_project_path: PurePath,
-    container_package_dir: PurePath,
-) -> None:
-    container_output_dir = PurePosixPath("/output")
-
-    check_all_python_exist(platform_configs=platform_configs, container=container)
-
-    log.step("Copying project into container...")
-    container.copy_into(Path.cwd(), container_project_path)
-
-    before_all_options_identifier = platform_configs[0].identifier
-    before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
-
-    if before_all_options.before_all:
                     log.step("Running before_all...")
 
-        env = container.get_environment()
+                    env = docker.get_environment()
                     env["PATH"] = f'/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin:{env["PATH"]}'
                     env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
-        env["PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION"] = "ignore"
+                    env = options.environment.as_dictionary(
-        env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(
+                        env, executor=docker.environment_executor
-            env, executor=container.environment_executor
                     )
 
                     before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
-            before_all_options.before_all,
+                        options.before_all,
                         project=container_project_path,
                         package=container_package_dir,
                     )
-        container.call(["sh", "-c", before_all_prepared], env=env)
+                    docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_all_prepared], env=env)
-
-    built_wheels: list[PurePosixPath] = []
 
                 for config in platform_configs:
                     log.build_start(config.identifier)
-        build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-        build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
-        use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" and Version(config.version) >= Version("3.8")
-        pip = ["uv", "pip"] if use_uv else ["pip"]
 
-        dependency_constraint_flags: list[PathOrStr] = []
+                    dependency_constraint_flags: List[PathOrStr] = []
+                    if config.identifier.startswith("pp"):
+                        # Patch PyPy to make sure headers get installed into a venv
+                        patch_version = "_27" if config.version == "2.7" else ""
+                        patch_path = resources_dir / f"pypy_venv{patch_version}.patch"
+                        patch_docker_path = PurePath("/pypy_venv.patch")
+                        docker.copy_into(patch_path, patch_docker_path)
+                        try:
+                            docker.call(
+                                [
+                                    "patch",
+                                    "--force",
+                                    "-p1",
+                                    "-d",
+                                    config.path,
+                                    "-i",
+                                    patch_docker_path,
+                                ]
+                            )
+                        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+                            print("PyPy patch not applied", file=sys.stderr)
 
-        if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+                    if options.dependency_constraints:
-            constraints_file = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
+                        constraints_file = options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
                             config.version
                         )
-            container_constraints_file = PurePosixPath("/constraints.txt")
+                        container_constraints_file = PurePath("/constraints.txt")
 
-            container.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
+                        docker.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
                         dependency_constraint_flags = ["-c", container_constraints_file]
 
                     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
 
-        env = container.get_environment()
+                    env = docker.get_environment()
-        env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
-        env["PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION"] = "ignore"
 
                     # put this config's python top of the list
                     python_bin = config.path / "bin"
                     env["PATH"] = f'{python_bin}:{env["PATH"]}'
 
-        env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(env, executor=container.environment_executor)
+                    env = options.environment.as_dictionary(
-
+                        env, executor=docker.environment_executor
-        # check config python is still on PATH
-        which_python = container.call(["which", "python"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
-        if PurePosixPath(which_python) != python_bin / "python":
-            msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
-            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-        if use_uv:
-            which_uv = container.call(["which", "uv"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
-            if not which_uv:
-                msg = "uv not found on PATH. You must use a supported manylinux or musllinux environment with uv."
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-        else:
-            which_pip = container.call(["which", "pip"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
-            if PurePosixPath(which_pip) != python_bin / "pip":
-                msg = "pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-        compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
-        if compatible_wheel:
-            log.step_end()
-            print(
-                f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
                     )
-            repaired_wheels = [compatible_wheel]
+
-        else:
+                    # check config python and pip are still on PATH
-            if build_options.before_build:
+                    which_python = docker.call(
+                        ["which", "python"], env=env, capture_output=True
+                    ).strip()
+                    if PurePath(which_python) != python_bin / "python":
+                        print(
+                            "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
+                            file=sys.stderr,
+                        )
+                        sys.exit(1)
+
+                    which_pip = docker.call(["which", "pip"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
+                    if PurePath(which_pip) != python_bin / "pip":
+                        print(
+                            "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
+                            file=sys.stderr,
+                        )
+                        sys.exit(1)
+
+                    if options.before_build:
                         log.step("Running before_build...")
                         before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.before_build,
+                            options.before_build,
                             project=container_project_path,
                             package=container_package_dir,
                         )
-                container.call(["sh", "-c", before_build_prepared], env=env)
+                        docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_build_prepared], env=env)
 
                     log.step("Building wheel...")
 
-            temp_dir = PurePosixPath("/tmp/cibuildwheel")
+                    temp_dir = PurePath("/tmp/cibuildwheel")
                     built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
-            container.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
+                    docker.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
-            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
+                    docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
 
-            extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name)
+                    docker.call(
-            extra_flags += build_frontend.args
-
-            if build_frontend.name == "pip":
-                extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
-                container.call(
                         [
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
                             "pip",
                             "wheel",
                             container_package_dir,
-                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                            "--wheel-dir",
+                            built_wheel_dir,
                             "--no-deps",
-                        *extra_flags,
+                            *get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(options.build_verbosity),
                         ],
                         env=env,
                     )
-            elif build_frontend.name == "build" or build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
-                if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
-                    msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
-                    log.warning(msg)
-                if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
-                    extra_flags += ["--installer=uv"]
-                container.call(
-                    [
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "build",
-                        container_package_dir,
-                        "--wheel",
-                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        *extra_flags,
-                    ],
-                    env=env,
-                )
-            else:
-                assert_never(build_frontend)
 
-            built_wheel = container.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
+                    built_wheel = docker.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
 
                     repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
-            container.call(["rm", "-rf", repaired_wheel_dir])
+                    docker.call(["rm", "-rf", repaired_wheel_dir])
-            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", repaired_wheel_dir])
+                    docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", repaired_wheel_dir])
 
                     if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
+                        raise NonPlatformWheelError()
 
-            if build_options.repair_command:
+                    if options.repair_command:
                         log.step("Repairing wheel...")
                         repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
+                            options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
                         )
-                container.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
+                        docker.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
                     else:
-                container.call(["mv", built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir])
+                        docker.call(["mv", built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir])
 
-            repaired_wheels = container.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl")
+                    repaired_wheels = docker.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl")
 
-            for repaired_wheel in repaired_wheels:
+                    if options.test_command and options.test_selector(config.identifier):
-                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
-                    raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
-
-        if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
                         log.step("Testing wheel...")
 
                         # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
                         # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-            if not use_uv:
+                        docker.call(
-                container.call(
                             ["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env
                         )
-
+                        venv_dir = (
-            testing_temp_dir = PurePosixPath(
+                            PurePath(docker.call(["mktemp", "-d"], capture_output=True).strip())
-                container.call(["mktemp", "-d"], capture_output=True).strip()
+                            / "venv"
                         )
-            venv_dir = testing_temp_dir / "venv"
 
-            if use_uv:
+                        docker.call(
-                container.call(["uv", "venv", venv_dir], env=env)
+                            ["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env
-            else:
+                        )
-                # Use embedded dependencies from virtualenv to ensure determinism
-                venv_args = ["--no-periodic-update", "--pip=embed"]
-                # In Python<3.12, setuptools & wheel are installed as well
-                if Version(config.version) < Version("3.12"):
-                    venv_args.extend(("--setuptools=embed", "--wheel=embed"))
-                container.call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", *venv_args, venv_dir], env=env)
 
                         virtualenv_env = env.copy()
                         virtualenv_env["PATH"] = f"{venv_dir / 'bin'}:{virtualenv_env['PATH']}"
-            virtualenv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_dir)
 
-            if build_options.before_test:
+                        if options.before_test:
                             before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.before_test,
+                                options.before_test,
                                 project=container_project_path,
                                 package=container_package_dir,
                             )
-                container.call(["sh", "-c", before_test_prepared], env=virtualenv_env)
+                            docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_test_prepared], env=virtualenv_env)
 
                         # Install the wheel we just built
                         # Note: If auditwheel produced two wheels, it's because the earlier produced wheel
@@ -365,125 +267,53 @@ def build_in_container(
                         # different external shared libraries. so it doesn't matter which one we run the tests on.
                         # Let's just pick the first one.
                         wheel_to_test = repaired_wheels[0]
-            container.call(
+                        docker.call(
-                [*pip, "install", str(wheel_to_test) + build_options.test_extras],
+                            ["pip", "install", str(wheel_to_test) + options.test_extras],
                             env=virtualenv_env,
                         )
 
                         # Install any requirements to run the tests
-            if build_options.test_requires:
+                        if options.test_requires:
-                container.call([*pip, "install", *build_options.test_requires], env=virtualenv_env)
+                            docker.call(
+                                ["pip", "install", *options.test_requires], env=virtualenv_env
+                            )
 
                         # Run the tests from a different directory
                         test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                build_options.test_command,
+                            options.test_command,
                             project=container_project_path,
                             package=container_package_dir,
-                wheel=wheel_to_test,
                         )
-            test_cwd = testing_temp_dir / "test_cwd"
+                        docker.call(
-            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", test_cwd])
+                            ["sh", "-c", test_command_prepared], cwd="/root", env=virtualenv_env
-            container.copy_into(test_fail_cwd_file, test_cwd / "test_fail.py")
+                        )
-
-            container.call(["sh", "-c", test_command_prepared], cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)
 
                         # clean up test environment
-            container.call(["rm", "-rf", testing_temp_dir])
+                        docker.call(["rm", "-rf", venv_dir])
 
                     # move repaired wheels to output
-        if compatible_wheel is None:
+                    docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", container_output_dir])
-            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", container_output_dir])
+                    docker.call(["mv", *repaired_wheels, container_output_dir])
-            container.call(["mv", *repaired_wheels, container_output_dir])
-            built_wheels.extend(
-                container_output_dir / repaired_wheel.name for repaired_wheel in repaired_wheels
-            )
 
                     log.build_end()
 
                 log.step("Copying wheels back to host...")
                 # copy the output back into the host
-    container.copy_out(container_output_dir, options.globals.output_dir)
+                docker.copy_out(container_output_dir, options.output_dir)
                 log.step_end()
-
-
-def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
-    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
-        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
-    )
-
-    cwd = Path.cwd()
-    abs_package_dir = options.globals.package_dir.resolve()
-    if cwd != abs_package_dir and cwd not in abs_package_dir.parents:
-        msg = "package_dir must be inside the working directory"
-        raise Exception(msg)
-
-    container_project_path = PurePosixPath("/project")
-    container_package_dir = container_project_path / abs_package_dir.relative_to(cwd)
-
-    for build_step in get_build_steps(options, python_configurations):
-        try:
-            # check the container engine is installed
-            subprocess.run(
-                [build_step.container_engine.name, "--version"],
-                check=True,
-                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-            )
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
-            msg = unwrap(
+            log.step_end_with_error(
-                f"""
+                f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout}"
-                cibuildwheel: {build_step.container_engine.name} not found. An
-                OCI exe like Docker or Podman is required to run Linux builds.
-                If you're building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to
-                your .travis.yml. If you're building on Circle CI in Linux,
-                add a `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml.
-                If you're building on Cirrus CI, use `docker_builder` task.
-                """
             )
-            raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from error
+            troubleshoot(options.package_dir, error)
-
+            sys.exit(1)
-        try:
-            ids_to_build = [x.identifier for x in build_step.platform_configs]
-            log.step(f"Starting container image {build_step.container_image}...")
-
-            print(f"info: This container will host the build for {', '.join(ids_to_build)}...")
-
-            with OCIContainer(
-                image=build_step.container_image,
-                enforce_32_bit=build_step.platform_tag.endswith("i686"),
-                cwd=container_project_path,
-                engine=build_step.container_engine,
-            ) as container:
-                build_in_container(
-                    options=options,
-                    platform_configs=build_step.platform_configs,
-                    container=container,
-                    container_project_path=container_project_path,
-                    container_package_dir=container_package_dir,
-                )
-
-        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
-            troubleshoot(options, error)
-            msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
-            raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error
 
 
-def _matches_prepared_command(error_cmd: Sequence[str], command_template: str) -> bool:
+def troubleshoot(package_dir: Path, error: Exception) -> None:
-    if len(error_cmd) < 3 or error_cmd[0:2] != ["sh", "-c"]:
+    if isinstance(error, subprocess.CalledProcessError) and error.cmd[0:2] == ["pip", "wheel"]:
-        return False
+        # the 'pip wheel' step failed.
-    command_prefix = command_template.split("{", maxsplit=1)[0].strip()
+        print("Checking for common errors...")
-    return error_cmd[2].startswith(command_prefix)
+        so_files = list(package_dir.glob("**/*.so"))
-
-
-def troubleshoot(options: Options, error: Exception) -> None:
-    if isinstance(error, subprocess.CalledProcessError) and (
-        error.cmd[0:4] == ["python", "-m", "pip", "wheel"]
-        or error.cmd[0:3] == ["python", "-m", "build"]
-        or _matches_prepared_command(
-            error.cmd, options.build_options(None).repair_command
-        )  # TODO allow matching of overrides too?
-    ):
-        # the wheel build step or the repair step failed
-        so_files = list(options.globals.package_dir.glob("**/*.so"))
 
         if so_files:
             print(
@@ -492,17 +322,10 @@ def troubleshoot(options: Options, error: Exception) -> None:
                     NOTE: Shared object (.so) files found in this project.
 
                     These files might be built against the wrong OS, causing problems with
-                    auditwheel. If possible, run cibuildwheel in a clean checkout.
+                    auditwheel.
 
                     If you're using Cython and have previously done an in-place build,
                     remove those build files (*.so and *.c) before starting cibuildwheel.
-
-                    setuptools uses the build/ folder to store its build cache. It
-                    may be necessary to remove those build files (*.so and *.o) before
-                    starting cibuildwheel.
-
-                    Files that belong to a virtual environment are probably not an issue
-                    unless you used a custom command telling cibuildwheel to activate it.
                     """
                 ),
                 file=sys.stderr,
@@ -510,4 +333,4 @@ def troubleshoot(options: Options, error: Exception) -> None:
 
             print("  Files detected:")
             print("\n".join(f"    {f}" for f in so_files))
-            print()
+            print("")

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -1,40 +1,30 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import codecs
 import os
 import re
 import sys
 import time
-from typing import IO, AnyStr, Final, Tuple
+from typing import IO, AnyStr, Optional, Union
 
-from .util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
+from cibuildwheel.util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
 
-FoldPattern = Tuple[str, str]
+DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN = ("{name}", "")
-DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN: Final[FoldPattern] = ("{name}", "")
+FOLD_PATTERNS = {
-FOLD_PATTERNS: Final[dict[str, FoldPattern]] = {
     "azure": ("##[group]{name}", "##[endgroup]"),
     "travis": ("travis_fold:start:{identifier}\n{name}", "travis_fold:end:{identifier}"),
     "github": ("::group::{name}", "::endgroup::{name}"),
 }
 
-PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS: Final[dict[str, str]] = {
+PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCIPTIONS = {
     "manylinux_x86_64": "manylinux x86_64",
     "manylinux_i686": "manylinux i686",
     "manylinux_aarch64": "manylinux aarch64",
     "manylinux_ppc64le": "manylinux ppc64le",
     "manylinux_s390x": "manylinux s390x",
-    "musllinux_x86_64": "musllinux x86_64",
-    "musllinux_i686": "musllinux i686",
-    "musllinux_aarch64": "musllinux aarch64",
-    "musllinux_ppc64le": "musllinux ppc64le",
-    "musllinux_s390x": "manylinux s390x",
     "win32": "Windows 32bit",
     "win_amd64": "Windows 64bit",
-    "win_arm64": "Windows on ARM 64bit",
     "macosx_x86_64": "macOS x86_64",
     "macosx_universal2": "macOS Universal 2 - x86_64 and arm64",
     "macosx_arm64": "macOS arm64 - Apple Silicon",
-    "pyodide_wasm32": "Pyodide",
 }
 
 
@@ -42,10 +32,10 @@ class Logger:
     fold_mode: str
     colors_enabled: bool
     unicode_enabled: bool
-    active_build_identifier: str | None = None
+    active_build_identifier: Optional[str] = None
-    build_start_time: float | None = None
+    build_start_time: Optional[float] = None
-    step_start_time: float | None = None
+    step_start_time: Optional[float] = None
-    active_fold_group_name: str | None = None
+    active_fold_group_name: Optional[str] = None
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         if sys.platform == "win32" and hasattr(sys.stdout, "reconfigure"):
@@ -123,21 +113,10 @@ class Logger:
 
             self.step_start_time = None
 
-    def step_end_with_error(self, error: BaseException | str) -> None:
+    def step_end_with_error(self, error: Union[BaseException, str]) -> None:
         self.step_end(success=False)
         self.error(error)
 
-    def quiet(self, message: str) -> None:
-        c = self.colors
-        print(f"{c.gray}{message}{c.end}", file=sys.stderr)
-
-    def notice(self, message: str) -> None:
-        if self.fold_mode == "github":
-            print(f"::notice::{message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
-        else:
-            c = self.colors
-            print(f"{c.bold}Note{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
-
     def warning(self, message: str) -> None:
         if self.fold_mode == "github":
             print(f"::warning::{message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
@@ -145,17 +124,13 @@ class Logger:
             c = self.colors
             print(f"{c.yellow}Warning{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
 
-    def error(self, error: BaseException | str) -> None:
+    def error(self, error: Union[BaseException, str]) -> None:
         if self.fold_mode == "github":
             print(f"::error::{error}\n", file=sys.stderr)
         else:
             c = self.colors
             print(f"{c.bright_red}Error{c.end}: {error}\n", file=sys.stderr)
 
-    @property
-    def step_active(self) -> bool:
-        return self.step_start_time is not None
-
     def _start_fold_group(self, name: str) -> None:
         self._end_fold_group()
         self.active_fold_group_name = name
@@ -176,8 +151,7 @@ class Logger:
             sys.stdout.flush()
             self.active_fold_group_name = None
 
-    @staticmethod
+    def _fold_group_identifier(self, name: str) -> str:
-    def _fold_group_identifier(name: str) -> str:
         """
         Travis doesn't like fold groups identifiers that have spaces in. This
         method converts them to ascii identifiers
@@ -192,12 +166,18 @@ class Logger:
         return identifier.lower()[:20]
 
     @property
-    def colors(self) -> Colors:
+    def colors(self) -> "Colors":
-        return Colors(enabled=self.colors_enabled)
+        if self.colors_enabled:
+            return Colors(enabled=True)
+        else:
+            return Colors(enabled=False)
 
     @property
-    def symbols(self) -> Symbols:
+    def symbols(self) -> "Symbols":
-        return Symbols(unicode=self.unicode_enabled)
+        if self.unicode_enabled:
+            return Symbols(unicode=True)
+        else:
+            return Symbols(unicode=False)
 
 
 def build_description_from_identifier(identifier: str) -> str:
@@ -206,23 +186,21 @@ def build_description_from_identifier(identifier: str) -> str:
     build_description = ""
 
     python_interpreter = python_identifier[0:2]
-    python_version = python_identifier[2:]
+    python_version = python_identifier[2:4]
 
     if python_interpreter == "cp":
         build_description += "CPython"
     elif python_interpreter == "pp":
         build_description += "PyPy"
     else:
-        msg = f"unknown python {python_interpreter!r}"
+        raise Exception("unknown python")
-        raise Exception(msg)
 
-    build_description += f" {python_version[0]}.{python_version[1:]} "
+    build_description += f" {python_version[0]}.{python_version[1]} "
 
     try:
-        build_description += PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS[platform_identifier]
+        build_description += PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCIPTIONS[platform_identifier]
     except KeyError as e:
-        msg = f"unknown platform {platform_identifier!r}"
+        raise Exception("unknown platform") from e
-        raise Exception(msg) from e
 
     return build_description
 
@@ -237,7 +215,6 @@ class Colors:
         self.bright_red = "\033[91m" if enabled else ""
         self.bright_green = "\033[92m" if enabled else ""
         self.white = "\033[37m\033[97m" if enabled else ""
-        self.gray = "\033[38;5;244m" if enabled else ""
 
         self.bg_grey = "\033[48;5;235m" if enabled else ""
 
@@ -279,6 +256,8 @@ def file_supports_unicode(file_obj: IO[AnyStr]) -> bool:
     return "utf" in codec_info.name
 
 
-# Global instance of the Logger.
+"""
+Global instance of the Logger.
+"""
 # (there's only one stdout per-process, so a global instance is justified)
 log = Logger()

cibuildwheel/macos.py

@@ -1,56 +1,49 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import functools
 import os
 import platform
 import re
+import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
-import typing
+import tempfile
-from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Literal, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple, cast
 
-from filelock import FileLock
-from packaging.version import Version
-
-from . import errors
-from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
 from .logger import log
-from .options import Options
+from .typing import Literal, PathOrStr
-from .typing import PathOrStr
 from .util import (
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    BuildOptions,
-    BuildFrontendConfig,
-    BuildFrontendName,
     BuildSelector,
-    call,
+    NonPlatformWheelError,
-    combine_constraints,
-    detect_ci_provider,
     download,
-    find_compatible_wheel,
-    find_uv,
-    free_thread_enable_313,
     get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
-    get_pip_version,
+    get_pip_script,
     install_certifi_script,
-    move_file,
     prepare_command,
     read_python_configs,
-    shell,
+    resources_dir,
-    split_config_settings,
-    test_fail_cwd_file,
     unwrap,
-    virtualenv,
 )
 
 
-@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def call(
-def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
+    args: Sequence[PathOrStr],
+    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    cwd: Optional[str] = None,
+    shell: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    # print the command executing for the logs
+    if shell:
+        print(f"+ {args}")
+    else:
+        print("+ " + " ".join(shlex.quote(str(a)) for a in args))
+
+    subprocess.run(args, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=shell, check=True)
+
+
+def get_macos_version() -> Tuple[int, int]:
     """
     Returns the macOS major/minor version, as a tuple, e.g. (10, 15) or (11, 0)
 
@@ -61,36 +54,21 @@ def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
     """
     version_str, _, _ = platform.mac_ver()
     version = tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2]))
-    if (10, 15) < version < (11, 0):
+    return cast(Tuple[int, int], version)
-        # When built against an older macOS SDK, Python will report macOS 10.16
-        # instead of the real version.
-        version_str = call(
-            sys.executable,
-            "-sS",
-            "-c",
-            "import platform; print(platform.mac_ver()[0])",
-            env={"SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT": "0"},
-            capture_stdout=True,
-        )
-        version = tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2]))
-    return typing.cast(Tuple[int, int], version)
 
 
-@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def get_macos_sdks() -> List[str]:
-def get_test_macosx_deployment_target() -> str:
+    output = subprocess.run(
-    version = get_macos_version()
+        ["xcodebuild", "-showsdks"],
-    if version >= (11, 0):
+        universal_newlines=True,
-        return f"{version[0]}.0"
+        check=True,
-    return f"{version[0]}.{version[1]}"
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+    ).stdout
 
-
-def get_macos_sdks() -> list[str]:
-    output = call("xcodebuild", "-showsdks", capture_stdout=True)
     return [m.group(1) for m in re.finditer(r"-sdk (macosx\S+)", output)]
 
 
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
-class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
     identifier: str
     url: str
@@ -98,7 +76,8 @@ class PythonConfiguration:
 
 def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: Set[Architecture]
-) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
+) -> List[PythonConfiguration]:
+
     full_python_configs = read_python_configs("macos")
 
     python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
@@ -113,130 +92,152 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     # skip builds as required by BUILD/SKIP
     python_configurations = [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]
 
-    # filter-out some cross-compilation configs with PyPy:
+    # When running on macOS 11 and x86_64, the reported OS is '10.16', but
-    # can't build arm64 on x86_64
+    # there is no such OS - it really means macOS 11.
-    # rosetta allows to build x86_64 on arm64
+    if get_macos_version() >= (10, 16):
-    if platform.machine() == "x86_64":
+        if any(c.identifier.startswith("pp") for c in python_configurations):
-        python_configurations_before = set(python_configurations)
+            # pypy doesn't work on macOS 11 yet
-        python_configurations = [
+            # See https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/issues/3314
-            c
+            log.warning(
-            for c in python_configurations
-            if not (c.identifier.startswith("pp") and c.identifier.endswith("arm64"))
-        ]
-        removed_elements = python_configurations_before - set(python_configurations)
-        if removed_elements:
-            ids = ", ".join(c.identifier for c in removed_elements)
-            log.quiet(
                 unwrap(
-                    f"""
+                    """
-                    Note: {ids}  {'was' if len(removed_elements) == 1 else 'were'}
+                    PyPy is currently unsupported when building on macOS 11. To build macOS PyPy
-                    selected, but can't be built on x86_64 so will be skipped automatically.
+                    wheels, build on an older OS, such as macOS 10.15. To silence this warning,
+                    deselect PyPy by adding "pp*-macosx*" to your CIBW_SKIP option.
                     """
                 )
             )
+            python_configurations = [
+                c for c in python_configurations if not c.identifier.startswith("pp")
+            ]
+
+        if any(c.identifier.startswith("cp35") for c in python_configurations):
+            # CPython 3.5 doesn't work on macOS 11
+            log.warning(
+                unwrap(
+                    """
+                    CPython 3.5 is unsupported when building on macOS 11. To build CPython 3.5
+                    wheels, build on an older OS, such as macOS 10.15. To silence this warning,
+                    deselect CPython 3.5 by adding "cp35-macosx_x86_64" to your CIBW_SKIP option.
+                    """
+                )
+            )
+            python_configurations = [
+                c for c in python_configurations if not c.identifier.startswith("cp35")
+            ]
 
     return python_configurations
 
 
-def install_cpython(tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool) -> Path:
+SYMLINKS_DIR = Path("/tmp/cibw_bin")
-    ft = "T" if free_threading else ""
+
-    installation_path = Path(f"/Library/Frameworks/Python{ft}.framework/Versions/{version}")
+
-    with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"cpython{version}.lock"):
+def make_symlinks(installation_bin_path: Path, python_executable: str, pip_executable: str) -> None:
-        installed_system_packages = call("pkgutil", "--pkgs", capture_stdout=True).splitlines()
+    assert (installation_bin_path / python_executable).exists()
-        # if this version of python isn't installed, get it from python.org and install
+
-        python_package_identifier = f"org.python.Python.Python{ft}Framework-{version}"
+    # Python bin folders on Mac don't symlink `python3` to `python`, and neither
-        if python_package_identifier not in installed_system_packages:
+    # does PyPy for `pypy` or `pypy3`, so we do that so `python` and `pip` always
-            if detect_ci_provider() is None:
+    # point to the active configuration.
-                # if running locally, we don't want to install CPython with sudo
+    if SYMLINKS_DIR.exists():
-                # let the user know & provide a link to the installer
+        shutil.rmtree(SYMLINKS_DIR)
-                msg = (
+    SYMLINKS_DIR.mkdir(parents=True)
-                    f"Error: CPython {version} is not installed.\n"
+
-                    "cibuildwheel will not perform system-wide installs when running outside of CI.\n"
+    (SYMLINKS_DIR / "python").symlink_to(installation_bin_path / python_executable)
-                    f"To build locally, install CPython {version} on this machine, or, disable this version of Python using CIBW_SKIP=cp{version.replace('.', '')}-macosx_*\n"
+    (SYMLINKS_DIR / "python-config").symlink_to(
-                    f"\nDownload link: {url}"
+        installation_bin_path / (python_executable + "-config")
     )
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+    (SYMLINKS_DIR / "pip").symlink_to(installation_bin_path / pip_executable)
-            pkg_path = tmp / "Python.pkg"
+
+
+def install_cpython(version: str, url: str) -> Path:
+    installed_system_packages = subprocess.run(
+        ["pkgutil", "--pkgs"], universal_newlines=True, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+    ).stdout.splitlines()
+
+    # if this version of python isn't installed, get it from python.org and install
+    python_package_identifier = f"org.python.Python.PythonFramework-{version}"
+    python_executable = "python3" if version[0] == "3" else "python"
+    installation_bin_path = Path(f"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/{version}/bin")
+
+    if python_package_identifier not in installed_system_packages:
         # download the pkg
-            download(url, pkg_path)
+        download(url, Path("/tmp/Python.pkg"))
         # install
-            args = []
+        call(["sudo", "installer", "-pkg", "/tmp/Python.pkg", "-target", "/"])
-            if version.startswith("3.13"):
+        # patch open ssl
-                # Python 3.13 is the first version to have a free-threading option
+        if version == "3.5":
-                args += ["-applyChoiceChangesXML", str(free_thread_enable_313.resolve())]
+            open_ssl_patch_url = f"https://github.com/mayeut/patch-macos-python-openssl/releases/download/v1.1.1h/patch-macos-python-{version}-openssl-v1.1.1h.tar.gz"
-            call("sudo", "installer", "-pkg", pkg_path, *args, "-target", "/")
+            download(open_ssl_patch_url, Path("/tmp/python-patch.tar.gz"))
-            pkg_path.unlink()
+            call(
-            env = os.environ.copy()
+                [
-            env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
+                    "sudo",
+                    "tar",
+                    "-C",
+                    f"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/{version}/",
+                    "-xmf",
+                    "/tmp/python-patch.tar.gz",
+                ]
+            )
 
-            if free_threading:
+        call(["sudo", str(installation_bin_path / python_executable), str(install_certifi_script)])
-                call(installation_path / f"bin/python{version}t", "-m", "ensurepip", env=env)
-                call(installation_path / f"bin/python{version}t", install_certifi_script, env=env)
-            else:
-                call(installation_path / "bin/python3", install_certifi_script, env=env)
 
-    return installation_path / "bin" / (f"python{version}t" if free_threading else "python3")
+    pip_executable = "pip3" if version[0] == "3" else "pip"
+    make_symlinks(installation_bin_path, python_executable, pip_executable)
+
+    return installation_bin_path
 
 
-def install_pypy(tmp: Path, url: str) -> Path:
+def install_pypy(version: str, url: str) -> Path:
     pypy_tar_bz2 = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
     extension = ".tar.bz2"
     assert pypy_tar_bz2.endswith(extension)
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / pypy_tar_bz2[: -len(extension)]
+    pypy_base_filename = pypy_tar_bz2[: -len(extension)]
-    with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
+    installation_path = Path("/tmp") / pypy_base_filename
     if not installation_path.exists():
-            downloaded_tar_bz2 = tmp / pypy_tar_bz2
+        downloaded_tar_bz2 = Path("/tmp") / pypy_tar_bz2
         download(url, downloaded_tar_bz2)
-            installation_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        call(["tar", "-C", "/tmp", "-xf", downloaded_tar_bz2])
-            call("tar", "-C", installation_path.parent, "-xf", downloaded_tar_bz2)
+        # Patch PyPy to make sure headers get installed into a venv
-            downloaded_tar_bz2.unlink()
+        patch_version = "_27" if version == "2.7" else ""
-    return installation_path / "bin" / "pypy3"
+        patch_path = resources_dir / f"pypy_venv{patch_version}.patch"
+        call(["patch", "--force", "-p1", "-d", installation_path, "-i", patch_path])
+
+    installation_bin_path = installation_path / "bin"
+    python_executable = "pypy3" if version[0] == "3" else "pypy"
+    pip_executable = "pip3" if version[0] == "3" else "pip"
+    make_symlinks(installation_bin_path, python_executable, pip_executable)
+
+    return installation_bin_path
 
 
 def setup_python(
-    tmp: Path,
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
     dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
+) -> Dict[str, str]:
-) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
-    if build_frontend == "build[uv]" and Version(python_configuration.version) < Version("3.8"):
-        build_frontend = "build"
-
-    uv_path = find_uv()
-    use_uv = build_frontend == "build[uv]" and Version(python_configuration.version) >= Version(
-        "3.8"
-    )
-
-    tmp.mkdir()
     implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
     log.step(f"Installing Python {implementation_id}...")
-    if implementation_id.startswith("cp"):
-        free_threading = "t-macos" in python_configuration.identifier
-        base_python = install_cpython(
-            tmp, python_configuration.version, python_configuration.url, free_threading
-        )
 
+    if implementation_id.startswith("cp"):
+        installation_bin_path = install_cpython(
+            python_configuration.version, python_configuration.url
+        )
     elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
-        base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.url)
+        installation_bin_path = install_pypy(python_configuration.version, python_configuration.url)
     else:
-        msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
+        raise ValueError("Unknown Python implementation")
-        raise ValueError(msg)
-    assert (
-        base_python.exists()
-    ), f"{base_python.name} not found, has {list(base_python.parent.iterdir())}"
 
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
-    venv_path = tmp / "venv"
+
-    env = virtualenv(
+    env = os.environ.copy()
-        python_configuration.version,
+    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
-        base_python,
+        [
-        venv_path,
+            str(SYMLINKS_DIR),
-        dependency_constraint_flags,
+            str(installation_bin_path),
-        use_uv=use_uv,
+            env["PATH"],
+        ]
     )
-    venv_bin_path = venv_path / "bin"
+
-    assert venv_bin_path.exists()
     # Fix issue with site.py setting the wrong `sys.prefix`, `sys.exec_prefix`,
     # `sys.path`, ... for PyPy: https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/issues/3175
     # Also fix an issue with the shebang of installed scripts inside the
@@ -244,77 +245,55 @@ def setup_python(
     # https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/620
     # Also see https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/9516
     env.pop("__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__", None)
+    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
 
     # we version pip ourselves, so we don't care about pip version checking
     env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
 
-    # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
+    # check what version we're on
-    # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip'
+    call(["which", "python"], env=env)
-    if build_frontend == "build[uv]":
+    call(["python", "--version"], env=env)
-        assert uv_path is not None
+    which_python = subprocess.run(
-        pip = [str(uv_path), "pip"]
+        ["which", "python"], env=env, universal_newlines=True, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
-    else:
+    ).stdout.strip()
-        pip = ["python", "-m", "pip"]
+    if which_python != "/tmp/cibw_bin/python":
-
+        print(
-    if not use_uv:
+            "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
-        call(
+            file=sys.stderr,
-            *pip,
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "pip",
-            *dependency_constraint_flags,
-            env=env,
-            cwd=venv_path,
         )
+        sys.exit(1)
 
-    # Apply our environment after pip is ready
+    # install pip & wheel
-    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
+    call(["python", get_pip_script, *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env, cwd="/tmp")
+    assert (installation_bin_path / "pip").exists()
+    call(["which", "pip"], env=env)
+    call(["pip", "--version"], env=env)
+    which_pip = subprocess.run(
+        ["which", "pip"], env=env, universal_newlines=True, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+    ).stdout.strip()
+    if which_pip != "/tmp/cibw_bin/pip":
+        print(
+            "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
 
-    # check what pip version we're on
+    # Set MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET to 10.9, if the user didn't set it.
-    if not use_uv:
+    # CPython 3.5 defaults to 10.6, and pypy defaults to 10.7, causing
-        assert (venv_bin_path / "pip").exists()
+    # inconsistencies if it's left unset.
-        call("which", "pip", env=env)
+    env.setdefault("MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "10.9")
-        call("pip", "--version", env=env)
-        which_pip = call("which", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-        if which_pip != str(venv_bin_path / "pip"):
-            msg = "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
-            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-    # check what Python version we're on
-    call("which", "python", env=env)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
-    which_python = call("which", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-    if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
-        msg = "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
     config_is_arm64 = python_configuration.identifier.endswith("arm64")
     config_is_universal2 = python_configuration.identifier.endswith("universal2")
 
-    # Set MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET, if the user didn't set it.
+    if python_configuration.version == "3.5":
-    # For arm64, the minimal deployment target is 11.0.
+        # Cross-compilation platform override - CPython 3.5 has an
-    # On x86_64 (or universal2), use 10.9 as a default.
+        # i386/x86_64 version of Python, but we only want a x64_64 build
-    # CPython 3.13 needs 10.13.
+        env.setdefault("_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM", "macosx-10.9-x86_64")
-    if config_is_arm64:
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/a5ed2fe0eedefa1649aa93ee74a0bafc8e628a10/Lib/_osx_support.py#L260
-        default_target = "11.0"
+        env.setdefault("ARCHFLAGS", "-arch x86_64")
-    elif Version(python_configuration.version) >= Version("3.13"):
-        default_target = "10.13"
-    elif python_configuration.identifier.startswith("pp") and Version(
-        python_configuration.version
-    ) >= Version("3.9"):
-        default_target = "10.15"
-    else:
-        default_target = "10.9"
-    env.setdefault("MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", default_target)
 
-    # This is a floor, it can't be set lower than the default_target.
+    elif python_configuration.version not in {"3.6", "3.7"}:
-    if Version(env["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"]) < Version(default_target):
-        log.warning(
-            f"Bumping MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET ({env['MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET']}) to the minimum required ({default_target})."
-        )
-        env["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"] = default_target
-
-    if python_configuration.version not in {"3.6", "3.7"}:
         if config_is_arm64:
             # macOS 11 is the first OS with arm64 support, so the wheels
             # have that as a minimum.
@@ -352,180 +331,93 @@ def setup_python(
             env.setdefault("SDKROOT", arm64_compatible_sdks[0])
 
     log.step("Installing build tools...")
-    if build_frontend == "pip":
     call(
+        [
             "pip",
             "install",
             "--upgrade",
+            "setuptools",
+            "wheel",
             "delocate",
             *dependency_constraint_flags,
+        ],
         env=env,
     )
-    elif build_frontend == "build":
-        call(
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "delocate",
-            "build[virtualenv]",
-            *dependency_constraint_flags,
-            env=env,
-        )
-    elif build_frontend == "build[uv]":
-        assert uv_path is not None
-        call(
-            uv_path,
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "delocate",
-            "build[virtualenv, uv]",
-            *dependency_constraint_flags,
-            env=env,
-        )
-    else:
-        assert_never(build_frontend)
 
-    return base_python, env
+    return env
 
 
-def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
-    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
+    temp_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="cibuildwheel"))
-        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
+    built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
-    )
+    repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
-
-    if not python_configurations:
-        return
 
     try:
-        before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
+        if options.before_all:
-        before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
-
-        if before_all_options.before_all:
             log.step("Running before_all...")
-            env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=os.environ)
+            env = options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=os.environ)
             env.setdefault("MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "10.9")
             before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
-                before_all_options.before_all, project=".", package=before_all_options.package_dir
+                options.before_all, project=".", package=options.package_dir
             )
-            shell(before_all_prepared, env=env)
+            call([before_all_prepared], shell=True, env=env)
 
-        built_wheels: list[Path] = []
+        python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
+            options.build_selector, options.architectures
+        )
 
         for config in python_configurations:
-            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
-            use_uv = build_frontend.name == "build[uv]" and Version(config.version) >= Version(
-                "3.8"
-            )
-            uv_path = find_uv()
-            if use_uv and uv_path is None:
-                msg = "uv not found"
-                raise AssertionError(msg)
-            pip = ["pip"] if not use_uv else [str(uv_path), "pip"]
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
-            identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
-            identifier_tmp_dir.mkdir()
-            built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
-            repaired_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
-
             config_is_arm64 = config.identifier.endswith("arm64")
             config_is_universal2 = config.identifier.endswith("universal2")
 
             dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr] = []
-            if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+            if options.dependency_constraints:
                 dependency_constraint_flags = [
                     "-c",
-                    build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version),
+                    options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version),
                 ]
 
-            base_python, env = setup_python(
+            env = setup_python(config, dependency_constraint_flags, options.environment)
-                identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
-                config,
-                dependency_constraint_flags,
-                build_options.environment,
-                build_frontend.name,
-            )
-            if not use_uv:
-                pip_version = get_pip_version(env)
 
-            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
+            if options.before_build:
-            if compatible_wheel:
-                log.step_end()
-                print(
-                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
-                )
-                repaired_wheel = compatible_wheel
-            else:
-                if build_options.before_build:
                 log.step("Running before_build...")
                 before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.before_build, project=".", package=build_options.package_dir
+                    options.before_build, project=".", package=options.package_dir
                 )
-                    shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
+                call(before_build_prepared, env=env, shell=True)
 
             log.step("Building wheel...")
-                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
+            if built_wheel_dir.exists():
+                shutil.rmtree(built_wheel_dir)
+            built_wheel_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
 
-                extra_flags = split_config_settings(
-                    build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name
-                )
-                extra_flags += build_frontend.args
-
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if not use_uv:
-                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                if build_options.dependency_constraints:
-                    constraint_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                        config.version
-                    )
-                    combine_constraints(
-                        build_env, constraint_path, identifier_tmp_dir if use_uv else None
-                    )
-
-                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
-                    extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
             # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
             # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
             call(
-                        "python",
+                [
-                        "-m",
                     "pip",
                     "wheel",
-                        build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
+                    options.package_dir.resolve(),
-                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                    "--wheel-dir",
+                    built_wheel_dir,
                     "--no-deps",
-                        *extra_flags,
+                    *get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(options.build_verbosity),
-                        env=build_env,
+                ],
+                env=env,
             )
-                elif build_frontend.name == "build" or build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
-                    if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
-                        msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
-                        log.warning(msg)
-                    if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
-                        extra_flags.append("--installer=uv")
-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "build",
-                        build_options.package_dir,
-                        "--wheel",
-                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        *extra_flags,
-                        env=build_env,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    assert_never(build_frontend)
 
             built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
-                repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
+            if repaired_wheel_dir.exists():
+                shutil.rmtree(repaired_wheel_dir)
+            repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
 
             if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                    raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
+                raise NonPlatformWheelError()
 
-                if build_options.repair_command:
+            if options.repair_command:
                 log.step("Repairing wheel...")
 
                 if config_is_universal2:
@@ -536,32 +428,22 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     delocate_archs = "x86_64"
 
                 repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.repair_command,
+                    options.repair_command,
                     wheel=built_wheel,
                     dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
                     delocate_archs=delocate_archs,
                 )
-                    shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
+                call(repair_command_prepared, env=env, shell=True)
             else:
                 shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
 
             repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
-                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
-                    raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
-
             log.step_end()
 
-            if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
+            if options.test_command and options.test_selector(config.identifier):
                 machine_arch = platform.machine()
-                python_arch = call(
+                testing_archs: List[Literal["x86_64", "arm64"]] = []
-                    "python",
-                    "-sSc",
-                    "import platform; print(platform.machine())",
-                    env=env,
-                    capture_stdout=True,
-                ).strip()
-                testing_archs: list[Literal["x86_64", "arm64"]]
 
                 if config_is_arm64:
                     testing_archs = ["arm64"]
@@ -573,7 +455,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 for testing_arch in testing_archs:
                     if config_is_universal2:
                         arch_specific_identifier = f"{config.identifier}:{testing_arch}"
-                        if not build_options.test_selector(arch_specific_identifier):
+                        if not options.test_selector(arch_specific_identifier):
                             continue
 
                     if machine_arch == "x86_64" and testing_arch == "arm64":
@@ -582,9 +464,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                                 unwrap(
                                     """
                                     While arm64 wheels can be built on x86_64, they cannot be
-                                    tested. Consider building arm64 wheels natively, if your CI
+                                    tested. The ability to test the arm64 wheels will be added in a
-                                    provider offers this. To silence this warning, set
+                                    future release of cibuildwheel, once Apple Silicon CI runners
-                                    `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-macosx_arm64"`.
+                                    are widely available. To silence this warning, set
+                                    `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: *-macosx_arm64`.
                                     """
                                 )
                             )
@@ -593,35 +476,16 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                                 unwrap(
                                     """
                                     While universal2 wheels can be built on x86_64, the arm64 part
-                                    of the wheel cannot be tested on x86_64. Consider building
+                                    of them cannot currently be tested. The ability to test the
-                                    universal2 wheels on an arm64 runner, if your CI provider offers
+                                    arm64 part of a universal2 wheel will be added in a future
-                                    this. Notably, an arm64 runner can also test the x86_64 part of
+                                    release of cibuildwheel, once Apple Silicon CI runners are
-                                    the wheel, through Rosetta emulation. To silence this warning,
+                                    widely available. To silence this warning, set
-                                    set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-macosx_universal2:arm64"`.
+                                    `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: *-macosx_universal2:arm64`.
                                     """
                                 )
                             )
                         else:
-                            msg = "unreachable"
+                            raise RuntimeError("unreachable")
-                            raise RuntimeError(msg)
-
-                        # skip this test
-                        continue
-
-                    is_cp38 = config.identifier.startswith("cp38-")
-                    if testing_arch == "arm64" and is_cp38 and python_arch != "arm64":
-                        log.warning(
-                            unwrap(
-                                """
-                                While cibuildwheel can build CPython 3.8 universal2/arm64 wheels, we
-                                cannot test the arm64 part of them, even when running on an Apple
-                                Silicon machine. This is because we use the x86_64 installer of
-                                CPython 3.8. See the discussion in
-                                https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/1169 for the details. To
-                                silence this warning, set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "cp38-macosx_*:arm64"`.
-                                """
-                            )
-                        )
 
                         # skip this test
                         continue
@@ -634,119 +498,85 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
                     # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
                     # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-                    if not use_uv:
+                    call(["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env)
-                        call("pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
+                    venv_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
-
-                    venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / f"venv-test-{testing_arch}"
 
                     arch_prefix = []
-                    uv_arch_args = []
                     if testing_arch != machine_arch:
                         if machine_arch == "arm64" and testing_arch == "x86_64":
                             # rosetta2 will provide the emulation with just the arch prefix.
                             arch_prefix = ["arch", "-x86_64"]
-                            uv_arch_args = ["--python-platform", "x86_64-apple-darwin"]
                         else:
-                            msg = f"don't know how to emulate {testing_arch} on {machine_arch}"
+                            raise RuntimeError(
-                            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+                                "don't know how to emulate {testing_arch} on {machine_arch}"
+                            )
 
                     # define a custom 'call' function that adds the arch prefix each time
-                    call_with_arch = functools.partial(call, *arch_prefix)
+                    def call_with_arch(args: Sequence[PathOrStr], **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-                    shell_with_arch = functools.partial(call, *arch_prefix, "/bin/sh", "-c")
+                        if isinstance(args, str):
-
+                            args = " ".join(arch_prefix) + " " + args
-                    if use_uv:
-                        pip_install = functools.partial(call, *pip, "install", *uv_arch_args)
-                        call("uv", "venv", venv_dir, f"--python={base_python}", env=env)
                         else:
-                        pip_install = functools.partial(call_with_arch, *pip, "install")
+                            args = [*arch_prefix, *args]
-                        # Use pip version from the initial env to ensure determinism
+                        call(args, **kwargs)
-                        venv_args = ["--no-periodic-update", f"--pip={pip_version}"]
+
-                        # In Python<3.12, setuptools & wheel are installed as well, use virtualenv embedded ones
+                    # Use --no-download to ensure determinism by using seed libraries
-                        if Version(config.version) < Version("3.12"):
+                    # built into virtualenv
-                            venv_args.extend(("--setuptools=embed", "--wheel=embed"))
+                    call_with_arch(
-                        call_with_arch("python", "-m", "virtualenv", *venv_args, venv_dir, env=env)
+                        ["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env
+                    )
 
                     virtualenv_env = env.copy()
-                    virtualenv_env["MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"] = get_test_macosx_deployment_target()
                     virtualenv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
                         [
                             str(venv_dir / "bin"),
                             virtualenv_env["PATH"],
                         ]
                     )
-                    virtualenv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_dir)
 
                     # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
-                    call_with_arch("which", "python", env=virtualenv_env)
+                    call_with_arch(["which", "python"], env=virtualenv_env)
 
-                    if build_options.before_test:
+                    if options.before_test:
                         before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
-                            build_options.before_test,
+                            options.before_test, project=".", package=options.package_dir
-                            project=".",
-                            package=build_options.package_dir,
                         )
-                        shell_with_arch(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)
+                        call_with_arch(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env, shell=True)
 
                     # install the wheel
-                    if is_cp38 and python_arch == "x86_64":
+                    call_with_arch(
-                        virtualenv_env_install_wheel = virtualenv_env.copy()
+                        ["pip", "install", f"{repaired_wheel}{options.test_extras}"],
-                        virtualenv_env_install_wheel["SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT"] = "0"
+                        env=virtualenv_env,
-                        log.notice(
-                            unwrap(
-                                """
-                                Setting SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT=0 to ensure CPython 3.8 can get
-                                correct macOS version and allow installation of wheels with
-                                MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET >= 11.0.
-                                See https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/1767 for the
-                                details.
-                                """
-                            )
-                        )
-                    else:
-                        virtualenv_env_install_wheel = virtualenv_env
-
-                    pip_install(
-                        f"{repaired_wheel}{build_options.test_extras}",
-                        env=virtualenv_env_install_wheel,
                     )
 
                     # test the wheel
-                    if build_options.test_requires:
+                    if options.test_requires:
-                        pip_install(
+                        call_with_arch(
-                            *build_options.test_requires,
+                            ["pip", "install"] + options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env
-                            env=virtualenv_env_install_wheel,
                         )
 
-                    # run the tests from a temp dir, with an absolute path in the command
+                    # run the tests from $HOME, with an absolute path in the command
                     # (this ensures that Python runs the tests against the installed wheel
                     # and not the repo code)
                     test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.test_command,
+                        options.test_command,
                         project=Path(".").resolve(),
-                        package=build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
+                        package=options.package_dir.resolve(),
-                        wheel=repaired_wheel,
                     )
-
+                    call_with_arch(
-                    test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"
+                        test_command_prepared,
-                    test_cwd.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+                        cwd=os.environ["HOME"],
-                    (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(test_fail_cwd_file.read_text())
+                        env=virtualenv_env,
-
+                        shell=True,
-                    shell_with_arch(test_command_prepared, cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)
-
-            # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
-            if compatible_wheel is None:
-                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(repaired_wheel.name)
-                moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
-                if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
-                    log.warning(
-                        "{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
                     )
-                built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
 
                     # clean up
-            shutil.rmtree(identifier_tmp_dir)
+                    shutil.rmtree(venv_dir)
 
+            # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
+            shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), options.output_dir)
             log.build_end()
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
-        msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
+        log.step_end_with_error(
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error
+            f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout}"
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -1,425 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import io
-import json
-import os
-import platform
-import shlex
-import shutil
-import subprocess
-import sys
-import typing
-import uuid
-from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
-from types import TracebackType
-from typing import IO, Dict, Literal
-
-from ._compat.typing import Self
-from .typing import PathOrStr, PopenBytes
-from .util import (
-    CIProvider,
-    call,
-    detect_ci_provider,
-    parse_key_value_string,
-    strtobool,
-)
-
-ContainerEngineName = Literal["docker", "podman"]
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
-    name: ContainerEngineName
-    create_args: tuple[str, ...] = field(default_factory=tuple)
-    disable_host_mount: bool = False
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_config_string(config_string: str) -> OCIContainerEngineConfig:
-        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(
-            config_string,
-            ["name"],
-            ["create_args", "create-args", "disable_host_mount", "disable-host-mount"],
-        )
-        name = " ".join(config_dict["name"])
-        if name not in {"docker", "podman"}:
-            msg = f"unknown container engine {name}"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-        name = typing.cast(ContainerEngineName, name)
-        # some flexibility in the option names to cope with TOML conventions
-        create_args = config_dict.get("create_args") or config_dict.get("create-args") or []
-        disable_host_mount_options = (
-            config_dict.get("disable_host_mount") or config_dict.get("disable-host-mount") or []
-        )
-        disable_host_mount = (
-            strtobool(disable_host_mount_options[-1]) if disable_host_mount_options else False
-        )
-
-        return OCIContainerEngineConfig(
-            name=name, create_args=tuple(create_args), disable_host_mount=disable_host_mount
-        )
-
-    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
-        if not self.create_args:
-            return self.name
-        else:
-            return {
-                "name": self.name,
-                "create_args": repr(self.create_args),
-                "disable_host_mount": str(self.disable_host_mount),
-            }
-
-
-DEFAULT_ENGINE = OCIContainerEngineConfig("docker")
-
-
-class OCIContainer:
-    """
-    An object that represents a running OCI (e.g. Docker) container.
-
-    Intended for use as a context manager e.g.
-    `with OCIContainer(image = 'ubuntu') as docker:`
-
-    A bash shell is running in the remote container. When `call()` is invoked,
-    the command is relayed to the remote shell, and the results are streamed
-    back to cibuildwheel.
-
-    Example:
-        >>> from cibuildwheel.oci_container import *  # NOQA
-        >>> from cibuildwheel.options import _get_pinned_container_images
-        >>> image = _get_pinned_container_images()['x86_64']['manylinux2014']
-        >>> # Test the default container
-        >>> with OCIContainer(image=image) as self:
-        ...     self.call(["echo", "hello world"])
-        ...     self.call(["cat", "/proc/1/cgroup"])
-        ...     print(self.get_environment())
-        ...     print(self.debug_info())
-    """
-
-    UTILITY_PYTHON = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python"
-
-    process: PopenBytes
-    bash_stdin: IO[bytes]
-    bash_stdout: IO[bytes]
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        *,
-        image: str,
-        enforce_32_bit: bool = False,
-        cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
-        engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig = DEFAULT_ENGINE,
-    ):
-        if not image:
-            msg = "Must have a non-empty image to run."
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-        self.image = image
-        self.enforce_32_bit = enforce_32_bit
-        self.cwd = cwd
-        self.name: str | None = None
-        self.engine = engine
-
-    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
-        self.name = f"cibuildwheel-{uuid.uuid4()}"
-
-        # work-around for Travis-CI PPC64le Docker runs since 2021:
-        # this avoids network splits
-        # https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/904
-        # https://github.com/conda-forge/conda-smithy/pull/1520
-        network_args = []
-        if detect_ci_provider() == CIProvider.travis_ci and platform.machine() == "ppc64le":
-            network_args = ["--network=host"]
-
-        simulate_32_bit = False
-        if self.enforce_32_bit:
-            # If the architecture running the image is already the right one
-            # or the image entrypoint takes care of enforcing this, then we don't need to
-            # simulate this
-            container_machine = call(
-                self.engine.name, "run", "--rm", self.image, "uname", "-m", capture_stdout=True
-            ).strip()
-            simulate_32_bit = container_machine != "i686"
-
-        shell_args = ["linux32", "/bin/bash"] if simulate_32_bit else ["/bin/bash"]
-
-        subprocess.run(
-            [
-                self.engine.name,
-                "create",
-                "--env=CIBUILDWHEEL",
-                "--env=SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH",
-                f"--name={self.name}",
-                "--interactive",
-                *(["--volume=/:/host"] if not self.engine.disable_host_mount else []),
-                *network_args,
-                *self.engine.create_args,
-                self.image,
-                *shell_args,
-            ],
-            check=True,
-        )
-
-        self.process = subprocess.Popen(
-            [
-                self.engine.name,
-                "start",
-                "--attach",
-                "--interactive",
-                self.name,
-            ],
-            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-        )
-
-        assert self.process.stdin
-        assert self.process.stdout
-        self.bash_stdin = self.process.stdin
-        self.bash_stdout = self.process.stdout
-
-        # run a noop command to block until the container is responding
-        self.call(["/bin/true"], cwd="/")
-
-        if self.cwd:
-            # Although `docker create -w` does create the working dir if it
-            # does not exist, podman does not. There does not seem to be a way
-            # to setup a workdir for a container running in podman.
-            self.call(["mkdir", "-p", os.fspath(self.cwd)], cwd="/")
-
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(
-        self,
-        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
-        exc_val: BaseException | None,
-        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
-    ) -> None:
-        self.bash_stdin.write(b"exit 0\n")
-        self.bash_stdin.flush()
-        self.process.wait(timeout=30)
-        self.bash_stdin.close()
-        self.bash_stdout.close()
-
-        if self.engine.name == "podman":
-            # This works around what seems to be a race condition in the podman
-            # backend. The full reason is not understood. See PR #966 for a
-            # discussion on possible causes and attempts to remove this line.
-            # For now, this seems to work "well enough".
-            self.process.wait()
-
-        assert isinstance(self.name, str)
-
-        keep_container = strtobool(os.environ.get("CIBW_DEBUG_KEEP_CONTAINER", ""))
-        if not keep_container:
-            subprocess.run(
-                [self.engine.name, "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name],
-                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-                check=False,
-            )
-            self.name = None
-
-    def copy_into(self, from_path: Path, to_path: PurePath) -> None:
-        # `docker cp` causes 'no space left on device' error when
-        # a container is running and the host filesystem is
-        # mounted. https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/38995
-        # Use `docker exec` instead.
-
-        if from_path.is_dir():
-            self.call(["mkdir", "-p", to_path])
-            subprocess.run(
-                f"tar cf - . | {self.engine.name} exec -i {self.name} tar --no-same-owner -xC {shell_quote(to_path)} -f -",
-                shell=True,
-                check=True,
-                cwd=from_path,
-            )
-        else:
-            exec_process: subprocess.Popen[bytes]
-            with subprocess.Popen(
-                [
-                    self.engine.name,
-                    "exec",
-                    "-i",
-                    str(self.name),
-                    "sh",
-                    "-c",
-                    f"cat > {shell_quote(to_path)}",
-                ],
-                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
-            ) as exec_process:
-                assert exec_process.stdin
-                with open(from_path, "rb") as from_file:
-                    # Bug in mypy, https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/15031
-                    shutil.copyfileobj(from_file, exec_process.stdin)  # type: ignore[misc]
-
-                exec_process.stdin.close()
-                exec_process.wait()
-
-                if exec_process.returncode:
-                    raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(
-                        exec_process.returncode, exec_process.args, None, None
-                    )
-
-    def copy_out(self, from_path: PurePath, to_path: Path) -> None:
-        # note: we assume from_path is a dir
-        to_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-        if self.engine.name == "podman":
-            subprocess.run(
-                [
-                    self.engine.name,
-                    "cp",
-                    f"{self.name}:{from_path}/.",
-                    str(to_path),
-                ],
-                check=True,
-                cwd=to_path,
-            )
-        elif self.engine.name == "docker":
-            # There is a bug in docker that prevents a simple 'cp' invocation
-            # from working https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/38995
-            command = f"{self.engine.name} exec -i {self.name} tar -cC {shell_quote(from_path)} -f - . | tar -xf -"
-            subprocess.run(
-                command,
-                shell=True,
-                check=True,
-                cwd=to_path,
-            )
-        else:
-            raise KeyError(self.engine.name)
-
-    def glob(self, path: PurePosixPath, pattern: str) -> list[PurePosixPath]:
-        glob_pattern = path.joinpath(pattern)
-
-        path_strings = json.loads(
-            self.call(
-                [
-                    self.UTILITY_PYTHON,
-                    "-c",
-                    f"import sys, json, glob; json.dump(glob.glob({str(glob_pattern)!r}), sys.stdout)",
-                ],
-                capture_output=True,
-            )
-        )
-
-        return [PurePosixPath(p) for p in path_strings]
-
-    def call(
-        self,
-        args: Sequence[PathOrStr],
-        env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
-        capture_output: bool = False,
-        cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
-    ) -> str:
-        if cwd is None:
-            # Podman does not start the a container in a specific working dir
-            # so we always need to specify it when making calls.
-            cwd = self.cwd
-
-        chdir = f"cd {cwd}" if cwd else ""
-        env_assignments = (
-            " ".join(f"{shlex.quote(k)}={shlex.quote(v)}" for k, v in env.items())
-            if env is not None
-            else ""
-        )
-        command = " ".join(shlex.quote(str(a)) for a in args)
-        end_of_message = str(uuid.uuid4())
-
-        # log the command we're executing
-        print(f"    + {command}")
-
-        # Write a command to the remote shell. First we change the
-        # cwd, if that's required. Then, we use the `env` utility to run
-        # `command` inside the specified environment. We use `env` because it
-        # can cope with spaces and strange characters in the name or value.
-        # Finally, the remote shell is told to write a footer - this will show
-        # up in the output so we know when to stop reading, and will include
-        # the return code of `command`.
-        self.bash_stdin.write(
-            bytes(
-                f"""(
-            {chdir}
-            env {env_assignments} {command}
-            printf "%04d%s\n" $? {end_of_message}
-        )
-        """,
-                encoding="utf8",
-                errors="surrogateescape",
-            )
-        )
-        self.bash_stdin.flush()
-
-        if capture_output:
-            output_io: IO[bytes] = io.BytesIO()
-        else:
-            output_io = sys.stdout.buffer
-
-        while True:
-            line = self.bash_stdout.readline()
-
-            if line.endswith(bytes(end_of_message, encoding="utf8") + b"\n"):
-                # fmt: off
-                footer_offset = (
-                    len(line)
-                    - 1  # newline character
-                    - len(end_of_message)  # delimiter
-                    - 4  # 4 return code decimals
-                )
-                # fmt: on
-                return_code_str = line[footer_offset : footer_offset + 4]
-                return_code = int(return_code_str)
-                # add the last line to output, without the footer
-                output_io.write(line[0:footer_offset])
-                output_io.flush()
-                break
-            else:
-                output_io.write(line)
-                output_io.flush()
-
-        if isinstance(output_io, io.BytesIO):
-            output = str(output_io.getvalue(), encoding="utf8", errors="surrogateescape")
-        else:
-            output = ""
-
-        if return_code != 0:
-            raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(return_code, args, output)
-
-        return output
-
-    def get_environment(self) -> dict[str, str]:
-        env = json.loads(
-            self.call(
-                [
-                    self.UTILITY_PYTHON,
-                    "-c",
-                    "import sys, json, os; json.dump(os.environ.copy(), sys.stdout)",
-                ],
-                capture_output=True,
-            )
-        )
-        return typing.cast(Dict[str, str], env)
-
-    def environment_executor(self, command: Sequence[str], environment: dict[str, str]) -> str:
-        # used as an EnvironmentExecutor to evaluate commands and capture output
-        return self.call(command, env=environment, capture_output=True)
-
-    def debug_info(self) -> str:
-        if self.engine.name == "podman":
-            command = f"{self.engine.name} info --debug"
-        else:
-            command = f"{self.engine.name} info"
-        completed = subprocess.run(
-            command,
-            shell=True,
-            check=True,
-            cwd=self.cwd,
-            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-        )
-        output = str(completed.stdout, encoding="utf8", errors="surrogateescape")
-        return output
-
-
-def shell_quote(path: PurePath) -> str:
-    return shlex.quote(os.fspath(path))

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -1,952 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import collections
-import configparser
-import contextlib
-import dataclasses
-import difflib
-import enum
-import functools
-import shlex
-import textwrap
-from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Set
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Literal, Mapping, Sequence, Union  # noqa: TID251
-
-from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
-
-from . import errors
-from ._compat import tomllib
-from ._compat.typing import assert_never
-from .architecture import Architecture
-from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
-from .logger import log
-from .oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
-from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str
-from .typing import PLATFORMS, PlatformName
-from .util import (
-    MANYLINUX_ARCHS,
-    MUSLLINUX_ARCHS,
-    BuildFrontendConfig,
-    BuildSelector,
-    DependencyConstraints,
-    TestSelector,
-    format_safe,
-    resources_dir,
-    selector_matches,
-    strtobool,
-    unwrap,
-)
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass
-class CommandLineArguments:
-    platform: Literal["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"] | None
-    archs: str | None
-    output_dir: Path
-    only: str | None
-    config_file: str
-    package_dir: Path
-    print_build_identifiers: bool
-    allow_empty: bool
-    prerelease_pythons: bool
-    debug_traceback: bool
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def defaults() -> CommandLineArguments:
-        return CommandLineArguments(
-            platform="auto",
-            allow_empty=False,
-            archs=None,
-            only=None,
-            config_file="",
-            output_dir=Path("wheelhouse"),
-            package_dir=Path("."),
-            prerelease_pythons=False,
-            print_build_identifiers=False,
-            debug_traceback=False,
-        )
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
-class GlobalOptions:
-    package_dir: Path
-    output_dir: Path
-    build_selector: BuildSelector
-    test_selector: TestSelector
-    architectures: set[Architecture]
-    allow_empty: bool
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
-class BuildOptions:
-    globals: GlobalOptions
-    environment: ParsedEnvironment
-    before_all: str
-    before_build: str | None
-    repair_command: str
-    manylinux_images: dict[str, str] | None
-    musllinux_images: dict[str, str] | None
-    dependency_constraints: DependencyConstraints | None
-    test_command: str | None
-    before_test: str | None
-    test_requires: list[str]
-    test_extras: str
-    build_verbosity: int
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig | None
-    config_settings: str
-    container_engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig
-
-    @property
-    def package_dir(self) -> Path:
-        return self.globals.package_dir
-
-    @property
-    def output_dir(self) -> Path:
-        return self.globals.output_dir
-
-    @property
-    def build_selector(self) -> BuildSelector:
-        return self.globals.build_selector
-
-    @property
-    def test_selector(self) -> TestSelector:
-        return self.globals.test_selector
-
-    @property
-    def architectures(self) -> set[Architecture]:
-        return self.globals.architectures
-
-
-SettingLeaf = Union[str, int, bool]
-SettingList = Sequence[SettingLeaf]
-SettingTable = Mapping[str, Union[SettingLeaf, SettingList]]
-SettingValue = Union[SettingTable, SettingList, SettingLeaf]
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
-class Override:
-    select_pattern: str
-    options: dict[str, SettingValue]
-    inherit: dict[str, InheritRule]
-
-
-MANYLINUX_OPTIONS = {f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image" for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS}
-MUSLLINUX_OPTIONS = {f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image" for build_platform in MUSLLINUX_ARCHS}
-DISALLOWED_OPTIONS = {
-    "linux": {"dependency-versions"},
-    "macos": MANYLINUX_OPTIONS | MUSLLINUX_OPTIONS,
-    "windows": MANYLINUX_OPTIONS | MUSLLINUX_OPTIONS,
-}
-
-
-class OptionsReaderError(errors.ConfigurationError):
-    pass
-
-
-class OptionFormat:
-    """
-    Base class for option format specifiers. These objects describe how values
-    can be parsed from rich TOML values and how they're merged together.
-    """
-
-    class NotSupported(Exception):
-        pass
-
-    def format_list(self, value: SettingList) -> str:  # noqa: ARG002
-        raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
-
-    def format_table(self, table: SettingTable) -> str:  # noqa: ARG002
-        raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
-
-    def merge_values(self, before: str, after: str) -> str:  # noqa: ARG002
-        raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
-
-
-class ListFormat(OptionFormat):
-    """
-    A format that joins lists with a separator.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, sep: str) -> None:
-        self.sep = sep
-
-    def format_list(self, value: SettingList) -> str:
-        return self.sep.join(str(v) for v in value)
-
-    def merge_values(self, before: str, after: str) -> str:
-        return f"{before}{self.sep}{after}"
-
-
-class ShlexTableFormat(OptionFormat):
-    """
-    The standard table format uses shlex.quote to quote values and shlex.split
-    to unquote and split them. When merging values, keys in before are
-    replaced by keys in after.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, sep: str = " ", pair_sep: str = "=", allow_merge: bool = True) -> None:
-        self.sep = sep
-        self.pair_sep = pair_sep
-        self.allow_merge = allow_merge
-
-    def format_table(self, table: SettingTable) -> str:
-        assignments: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
-
-        for k, v in table.items():
-            if shlex.split(k) != [k]:
-                msg = f"Invalid table key: {k}"
-                raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
-
-            if isinstance(v, str):
-                assignments.append((k, v))
-            elif isinstance(v, Sequence):
-                for inner_v in v:
-                    assignments.append((k, str(inner_v)))
-            else:
-                assignments.append((k, str(v)))
-
-        return self.sep.join(f"{k}{self.pair_sep}{shlex.quote(v)}" for k, v in assignments)
-
-    def merge_values(self, before: str, after: str) -> str:
-        if not self.allow_merge:
-            raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
-
-        before_dict = self.parse_table(before)
-        after_dict = self.parse_table(after)
-
-        return self.format_table({**before_dict, **after_dict})
-
-    def parse_table(self, table: str) -> Mapping[str, str | Sequence[str]]:
-        assignments: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
-
-        for assignment_str in shlex.split(table):
-            key, sep, value = assignment_str.partition(self.pair_sep)
-
-            if not sep:
-                msg = f"malformed option with value {assignment_str!r}"
-                raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
-
-            assignments.append((key, value))
-
-        result: dict[str, str | list[str]] = {}
-
-        for key, value in assignments:
-            if key in result:
-                existing_value = result[key]
-                if isinstance(existing_value, list):
-                    result[key] = [*existing_value, value]
-                else:
-                    result[key] = [existing_value, value]
-            else:
-                result[key] = value
-
-        return result
-
-
-class EnvironmentFormat(OptionFormat):
-    """
-    The environment format accepts a table of environment variables, where the
-    values may contain variables or command substitutions.
-    """
-
-    def format_table(self, table: SettingTable) -> str:
-        return " ".join(f'{k}="{v}"' for k, v in table.items())
-
-    def merge_values(self, before: str, after: str) -> str:
-        return f"{before} {after}"
-
-
-class InheritRule(enum.Enum):
-    NONE = enum.auto()
-    APPEND = enum.auto()
-    PREPEND = enum.auto()
-
-
-def _resolve_cascade(
-    *pairs: tuple[SettingValue | None, InheritRule],
-    ignore_empty: bool = False,
-    option_format: OptionFormat | None = None,
-) -> str:
-    """
-    Given a cascade of values with inherit rules, resolve them into a single
-    value.
-
-    'None' values mean that the option was not set at that level, and are
-    ignored. If `ignore_empty` is True, empty values are ignored too.
-
-    Values start with defaults, followed by more specific rules. If rules are
-    NONE, the last non-null value is returned. If a rule is APPEND or PREPEND,
-    the value is concatenated with the previous value.
-
-    The following idiom can be used to get the first matching value:
-
-        _resolve_cascade(("value1", Inherit.NONE), ("value2", Inherit.NONE), ...)))
-    """
-    if not pairs:
-        msg = "pairs cannot be empty"
-        raise ValueError(msg)
-
-    result: str | None = None
-
-    for value, rule in pairs:
-        if value is None:
-            continue
-
-        if ignore_empty and not value and value is not False:
-            continue
-
-        value_string = _stringify_setting(value, option_format=option_format)
-
-        result = _apply_inherit_rule(result, value_string, rule=rule, option_format=option_format)
-
-    if result is None:
-        msg = "a setting should at least have a default value"
-        raise ValueError(msg)
-
-    return result
-
-
-# pylint: disable-next=inconsistent-return-statements
-def _apply_inherit_rule(
-    before: str | None, after: str, rule: InheritRule, option_format: OptionFormat | None
-) -> str:
-    if rule == InheritRule.NONE:
-        return after
-
-    if not before:
-        # if before is None, we can just return after
-        # if before is an empty string, we shouldn't add any separator
-        return after
-
-    if not after:
-        # if after is an empty string, we shouldn't add any separator
-        return before
-
-    if not option_format:
-        msg = f"Don't know how to merge {before!r} and {after!r} with {rule}"
-        raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
-
-    if rule == InheritRule.APPEND:
-        return option_format.merge_values(before, after)
-    elif rule == InheritRule.PREPEND:
-        return option_format.merge_values(after, before)
-    else:
-        assert_never(rule)
-
-
-def _stringify_setting(
-    setting: SettingValue,
-    option_format: OptionFormat | None,
-) -> str:
-    if isinstance(setting, Mapping):
-        try:
-            if option_format is None:
-                raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
-            return option_format.format_table(setting)
-        except OptionFormat.NotSupported:
-            msg = f"Error converting {setting!r} to a string: this setting doesn't accept a table"
-            raise OptionsReaderError(msg) from None
-
-    if not isinstance(setting, str) and isinstance(setting, Sequence):
-        try:
-            if option_format is None:
-                raise OptionFormat.NotSupported
-            return option_format.format_list(setting)
-        except OptionFormat.NotSupported:
-            msg = f"Error converting {setting!r} to a string: this setting doesn't accept a list"
-            raise OptionsReaderError(msg) from None
-
-    if isinstance(setting, (bool, int)):
-        return str(setting)
-
-    return setting
-
-
-class OptionsReader:
-    """
-    Gets options from the environment, config or defaults, optionally scoped
-    by the platform.
-
-    Example:
-      >>> options_reader = OptionsReader(config_file, platform='macos')
-      >>> options_reader.get('cool-color')
-
-      This will return the value of CIBW_COOL_COLOR_MACOS if it exists,
-      otherwise the value of CIBW_COOL_COLOR, otherwise
-      'tool.cibuildwheel.macos.cool-color' or 'tool.cibuildwheel.cool-color'
-      from `config_file`, or from cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml. An
-      error is thrown if there are any unexpected keys or sections in
-      tool.cibuildwheel.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        config_file_path: Path | None = None,
-        *,
-        platform: PlatformName,
-        env: Mapping[str, str],
-        disallow: Mapping[str, Set[str]] | None = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        self.platform = platform
-        self.env = env
-        self.disallow = disallow or {}
-
-        # Open defaults.toml, loading both global and platform sections
-        defaults_path = resources_dir / "defaults.toml"
-        self.default_options, self.default_platform_options = self._load_file(defaults_path)
-
-        # Load the project config file
-        config_options: dict[str, Any] = {}
-        config_platform_options: dict[str, Any] = {}
-
-        if config_file_path is not None:
-            config_options, config_platform_options = self._load_file(config_file_path)
-
-        # Validate project config
-        for option_name in config_options:
-            self._validate_global_option(option_name)
-
-        for option_name in config_platform_options:
-            self._validate_platform_option(option_name)
-
-        self.config_options = config_options
-        self.config_platform_options = config_platform_options
-
-        self.overrides: list[Override] = []
-        self.current_identifier: str | None = None
-
-        config_overrides = self.config_options.get("overrides")
-
-        if config_overrides is not None:
-            if not isinstance(config_overrides, list):
-                msg = "'tool.cibuildwheel.overrides' must be a list"
-                raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
-
-            for config_override in config_overrides:
-                select = config_override.pop("select", None)
-
-                if not select:
-                    msg = "'select' must be set in an override"
-                    raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
-
-                if isinstance(select, list):
-                    select = " ".join(select)
-
-                inherit = config_override.pop("inherit", {})
-                if not isinstance(inherit, dict) or not all(
-                    i in {"none", "append", "prepend"} for i in inherit.values()
-                ):
-                    msg = "'inherit' must be a dict containing only {'none', 'append', 'prepend'} values"
-                    raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
-
-                inherit_enum = {k: InheritRule[v.upper()] for k, v in inherit.items()}
-
-                self.overrides.append(Override(select, config_override, inherit_enum))
-
-    def _validate_global_option(self, name: str) -> None:
-        """
-        Raises an error if an option with this name is not allowed in the
-        [tool.cibuildwheel] section of a config file.
-        """
-        allowed_option_names = self.default_options.keys() | PLATFORMS | {"overrides"}
-
-        if name not in allowed_option_names:
-            msg = f"Option {name!r} not supported in a config file."
-            matches = difflib.get_close_matches(name, allowed_option_names, 1, 0.7)
-            if matches:
-                msg += f" Perhaps you meant {matches[0]!r}?"
-            raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
-
-    def _validate_platform_option(self, name: str) -> None:
-        """
-        Raises an error if an option with this name is not allowed in the
-        [tool.cibuildwheel.<current-platform>] section of a config file.
-        """
-        disallowed_platform_options = self.disallow.get(self.platform, set())
-        if name in disallowed_platform_options:
-            msg = f"{name!r} is not allowed in {disallowed_platform_options}"
-            raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
-
-        allowed_option_names = self.default_options.keys() | self.default_platform_options.keys()
-
-        if name not in allowed_option_names:
-            msg = f"Option {name!r} not supported in the {self.platform!r} section"
-            matches = difflib.get_close_matches(name, allowed_option_names, 1, 0.7)
-            if matches:
-                msg += f" Perhaps you meant {matches[0]!r}?"
-            raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
-
-    def _load_file(self, filename: Path) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
-        """
-        Load a toml file, returns global and platform as separate dicts.
-        """
-        with filename.open("rb") as f:
-            config = tomllib.load(f)
-
-        global_options = config.get("tool", {}).get("cibuildwheel", {})
-        platform_options = global_options.get(self.platform, {})
-
-        return global_options, platform_options
-
-    @property
-    def active_config_overrides(self) -> list[Override]:
-        if self.current_identifier is None:
-            return []
-        return [
-            o for o in self.overrides if selector_matches(o.select_pattern, self.current_identifier)
-        ]
-
-    @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def identifier(self, identifier: str | None) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
-        self.current_identifier = identifier
-        try:
-            yield
-        finally:
-            self.current_identifier = None
-
-    def get(
-        self,
-        name: str,
-        *,
-        env_plat: bool = True,
-        option_format: OptionFormat | None = None,
-        ignore_empty: bool = False,
-    ) -> str:
-        """
-        Get and return the value for the named option from environment,
-        configuration file, or the default. If env_plat is False, then don't
-        accept platform versions of the environment variable. If this is an
-        array it will be merged with "sep" before returning. If it is a table,
-        it will be formatted with "table['item']" using {k} and {v} and merged
-        with "table['sep']". If sep is also given, it will be used for arrays
-        inside the table (must match table['sep']). Empty variables will not
-        override if ignore_empty is True.
-        """
-
-        if name not in self.default_options and name not in self.default_platform_options:
-            msg = f"{name!r} must be in cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml file to be accessed."
-            raise OptionsReaderError(msg)
-
-        # Environment variable form
-        envvar = f"CIBW_{name.upper().replace('-', '_')}"
-        plat_envvar = f"{envvar}_{self.platform.upper()}"
-
-        # get the option from the default, then the config file, then finally the environment.
-        # platform-specific options are preferred, if they're allowed.
-        return _resolve_cascade(
-            (self.default_options.get(name), InheritRule.NONE),
-            (self.default_platform_options.get(name), InheritRule.NONE),
-            (self.config_options.get(name), InheritRule.NONE),
-            (self.config_platform_options.get(name), InheritRule.NONE),
-            *[
-                (o.options.get(name), o.inherit.get(name, InheritRule.NONE))
-                for o in self.active_config_overrides
-            ],
-            (self.env.get(envvar), InheritRule.NONE),
-            (self.env.get(plat_envvar) if env_plat else None, InheritRule.NONE),
-            ignore_empty=ignore_empty,
-            option_format=option_format,
-        )
-
-
-class Options:
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        platform: PlatformName,
-        command_line_arguments: CommandLineArguments,
-        env: Mapping[str, str],
-        read_config_file: bool = True,
-    ):
-        self.platform = platform
-        self.command_line_arguments = command_line_arguments
-        self.env = env
-
-        self.reader = OptionsReader(
-            self.config_file_path if read_config_file else None,
-            platform=platform,
-            env=env,
-            disallow=DISALLOWED_OPTIONS,
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def config_file_path(self) -> Path | None:
-        args = self.command_line_arguments
-
-        if args.config_file:
-            return Path(format_safe(args.config_file, package=args.package_dir))
-
-        # return pyproject.toml, if it's available
-        pyproject_toml_path = Path(args.package_dir) / "pyproject.toml"
-        if pyproject_toml_path.exists():
-            return pyproject_toml_path
-
-        return None
-
-    @functools.cached_property
-    def package_requires_python_str(self) -> str | None:
-        args = self.command_line_arguments
-        return get_requires_python_str(Path(args.package_dir))
-
-    @property
-    def globals(self) -> GlobalOptions:
-        args = self.command_line_arguments
-        package_dir = args.package_dir
-        output_dir = args.output_dir
-
-        build_config = (
-            self.reader.get("build", env_plat=False, option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")) or "*"
-        )
-        skip_config = self.reader.get("skip", env_plat=False, option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "))
-        test_skip = self.reader.get("test-skip", env_plat=False, option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "))
-
-        free_threaded_support = strtobool(
-            self.reader.get("free-threaded-support", env_plat=False, ignore_empty=True)
-        )
-
-        allow_empty = args.allow_empty or strtobool(self.env.get("CIBW_ALLOW_EMPTY", "0"))
-
-        prerelease_pythons = args.prerelease_pythons or strtobool(
-            self.env.get("CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS", "0")
-        )
-
-        # This is not supported in tool.cibuildwheel, as it comes from a standard location.
-        # Passing this in as an environment variable will override pyproject.toml, setup.cfg, or setup.py
-        requires_python_str: str | None = (
-            self.env.get("CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON") or self.package_requires_python_str
-        )
-        requires_python = None if requires_python_str is None else SpecifierSet(requires_python_str)
-
-        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "))
-        architectures = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=self.platform)
-
-        # Process `--only`
-        if args.only:
-            build_config = args.only
-            skip_config = ""
-            architectures = Architecture.all_archs(self.platform)
-            prerelease_pythons = True
-            free_threaded_support = True
-
-        build_selector = BuildSelector(
-            build_config=build_config,
-            skip_config=skip_config,
-            requires_python=requires_python,
-            prerelease_pythons=prerelease_pythons,
-            free_threaded_support=free_threaded_support,
-        )
-        test_selector = TestSelector(skip_config=test_skip)
-
-        return GlobalOptions(
-            package_dir=package_dir,
-            output_dir=output_dir,
-            build_selector=build_selector,
-            test_selector=test_selector,
-            architectures=architectures,
-            allow_empty=allow_empty,
-        )
-
-    def build_options(self, identifier: str | None) -> BuildOptions:
-        """
-        Compute BuildOptions for a single run configuration.
-        """
-
-        with self.reader.identifier(identifier):
-            before_all = self.reader.get("before-all", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" && "))
-
-            environment_config = self.reader.get("environment", option_format=EnvironmentFormat())
-            environment_pass = self.reader.get(
-                "environment-pass", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
-            ).split()
-            before_build = self.reader.get("before-build", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" && "))
-            repair_command = self.reader.get(
-                "repair-wheel-command", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" && ")
-            )
-            config_settings = self.reader.get(
-                "config-settings", option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep=" ", pair_sep="=")
-            )
-
-            dependency_versions = self.reader.get("dependency-versions")
-            test_command = self.reader.get("test-command", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" && "))
-            before_test = self.reader.get("before-test", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" && "))
-            test_requires = self.reader.get(
-                "test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
-            ).split()
-            test_extras = self.reader.get("test-extras", option_format=ListFormat(sep=","))
-            build_verbosity_str = self.reader.get("build-verbosity")
-
-            build_frontend_str = self.reader.get(
-                "build-frontend",
-                env_plat=False,
-                option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
-            )
-            build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig | None
-            if not build_frontend_str or build_frontend_str == "default":
-                build_frontend = None
-            else:
-                try:
-                    build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig.from_config_string(build_frontend_str)
-                except ValueError as e:
-                    msg = f"Failed to parse build frontend. {e}"
-                    raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
-
-            try:
-                environment = parse_environment(environment_config)
-            except (EnvironmentParseError, ValueError) as e:
-                msg = f"Malformed environment option {environment_config!r}"
-                raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
-
-            # Pass through environment variables
-            if self.platform == "linux":
-                for env_var_name in reversed(environment_pass):
-                    with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
-                        environment.add(env_var_name, self.env[env_var_name], prepend=True)
-
-            if dependency_versions == "pinned":
-                dependency_constraints: None | (
-                    DependencyConstraints
-                ) = DependencyConstraints.with_defaults()
-            elif dependency_versions == "latest":
-                dependency_constraints = None
-            else:
-                dependency_versions_path = Path(dependency_versions)
-                dependency_constraints = DependencyConstraints(dependency_versions_path)
-
-            if test_extras:
-                test_extras = f"[{test_extras}]"
-
-            try:
-                build_verbosity = min(3, max(-3, int(build_verbosity_str)))
-            except ValueError:
-                build_verbosity = 0
-
-            manylinux_images: dict[str, str] = {}
-            musllinux_images: dict[str, str] = {}
-            container_engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig | None = None
-
-            if self.platform == "linux":
-                all_pinned_container_images = _get_pinned_container_images()
-
-                for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS:
-                    pinned_images = all_pinned_container_images[build_platform]
-
-                    config_value = self.reader.get(
-                        f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image", ignore_empty=True
-                    )
-
-                    if not config_value:
-                        # default to manylinux2014
-                        image = pinned_images["manylinux2014"]
-                    elif config_value in pinned_images:
-                        image = pinned_images[config_value]
-                    else:
-                        image = config_value
-
-                    manylinux_images[build_platform] = image
-
-                for build_platform in MUSLLINUX_ARCHS:
-                    pinned_images = all_pinned_container_images[build_platform]
-
-                    config_value = self.reader.get(f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image")
-
-                    if not config_value:
-                        image = pinned_images["musllinux_1_2"]
-                    elif config_value in pinned_images:
-                        image = pinned_images[config_value]
-                    else:
-                        image = config_value
-
-                    musllinux_images[build_platform] = image
-
-            container_engine_str = self.reader.get(
-                "container-engine",
-                option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
-            )
-
-            try:
-                container_engine = OCIContainerEngineConfig.from_config_string(container_engine_str)
-            except ValueError as e:
-                msg = f"Failed to parse container config. {e}"
-                raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
-
-            return BuildOptions(
-                globals=self.globals,
-                test_command=test_command,
-                test_requires=test_requires,
-                test_extras=test_extras,
-                before_test=before_test,
-                before_build=before_build,
-                before_all=before_all,
-                build_verbosity=build_verbosity,
-                repair_command=repair_command,
-                environment=environment,
-                dependency_constraints=dependency_constraints,
-                manylinux_images=manylinux_images or None,
-                musllinux_images=musllinux_images or None,
-                build_frontend=build_frontend,
-                config_settings=config_settings,
-                container_engine=container_engine,
-            )
-
-    def check_for_invalid_configuration(self, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> None:
-        if self.platform in {"macos", "windows"}:
-            before_all_values = {self.build_options(i).before_all for i in identifiers}
-
-            if len(before_all_values) > 1:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    unwrap(
-                        f"""
-                        before_all cannot be set to multiple values. On macOS and Windows,
-                        before_all is only run once, at the start of the build. before_all values
-                        are: {before_all_values!r}
-                        """
-                    )
-                )
-
-    def check_for_deprecated_options(self) -> None:
-        build_selector = self.globals.build_selector
-        test_selector = self.globals.test_selector
-
-        deprecated_selectors("CIBW_BUILD", build_selector.build_config, error=True)
-        deprecated_selectors("CIBW_SKIP", build_selector.skip_config)
-        deprecated_selectors("CIBW_TEST_SKIP", test_selector.skip_config)
-
-    @functools.cached_property
-    def defaults(self) -> Options:
-        return Options(
-            platform=self.platform,
-            command_line_arguments=CommandLineArguments.defaults(),
-            env={},
-            read_config_file=False,
-        )
-
-    def summary(self, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> str:
-        lines = []
-        global_option_names = sorted(f.name for f in dataclasses.fields(self.globals))
-
-        for option_name in global_option_names:
-            option_value = getattr(self.globals, option_name)
-            default_value = getattr(self.defaults.globals, option_name)
-            lines.append(self.option_summary(option_name, option_value, default_value))
-
-        build_options = self.build_options(identifier=None)
-        build_options_defaults = self.defaults.build_options(identifier=None)
-        build_options_for_identifier = {
-            identifier: self.build_options(identifier) for identifier in identifiers
-        }
-
-        build_option_names = sorted(f.name for f in dataclasses.fields(build_options))
-
-        for option_name in build_option_names:
-            if option_name == "globals":
-                continue
-
-            option_value = getattr(build_options, option_name)
-            default_value = getattr(build_options_defaults, option_name)
-            overrides = {
-                i: getattr(build_options_for_identifier[i], option_name) for i in identifiers
-            }
-
-            lines.append(
-                self.option_summary(option_name, option_value, default_value, overrides=overrides)
-            )
-
-        return "\n".join(lines)
-
-    def option_summary(
-        self,
-        option_name: str,
-        option_value: Any,
-        default_value: Any,
-        overrides: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
-    ) -> str:
-        """
-        Return a summary of the option value, including any overrides, with
-        ANSI 'dim' color if it's the default.
-        """
-        value_str = self.option_summary_value(option_value)
-        default_value_str = self.option_summary_value(default_value)
-        overrides_value_strs = {
-            k: self.option_summary_value(v) for k, v in (overrides or {}).items()
-        }
-        # if the override value is the same as the non-overridden value, don't print it
-        overrides_value_strs = {k: v for k, v in overrides_value_strs.items() if v != value_str}
-
-        has_been_set = (value_str != default_value_str) or overrides_value_strs
-        c = log.colors
-
-        result = c.gray if not has_been_set else ""
-        result += f"{option_name}: "
-
-        if overrides_value_strs:
-            overrides_groups = collections.defaultdict(list)
-            for k, v in overrides_value_strs.items():
-                overrides_groups[v].append(k)
-
-            result += "\n  *: "
-            result += self.indent_if_multiline(value_str, "    ")
-
-            for override_value_str, identifiers in overrides_groups.items():
-                result += f"\n  {', '.join(identifiers)}: "
-                result += self.indent_if_multiline(override_value_str, "    ")
-        else:
-            result += self.indent_if_multiline(value_str, "  ")
-
-        result += c.end
-
-        return result
-
-    def indent_if_multiline(self, value: str, indent: str) -> str:
-        if "\n" in value:
-            return "\n" + textwrap.indent(value.strip(), indent)
-        else:
-            return value
-
-    def option_summary_value(self, option_value: Any) -> str:
-        if hasattr(option_value, "options_summary"):
-            option_value = option_value.options_summary()
-
-        if isinstance(option_value, list):
-            return "".join(f"{el}\n" for el in option_value)
-
-        if isinstance(option_value, set):
-            return ", ".join(str(el) for el in sorted(option_value))
-
-        if isinstance(option_value, dict):
-            return "".join(f"{k}: {v}\n" for k, v in option_value.items())
-
-        return str(option_value)
-
-
-def compute_options(
-    platform: PlatformName,
-    command_line_arguments: CommandLineArguments,
-    env: Mapping[str, str],
-) -> Options:
-    options = Options(platform=platform, command_line_arguments=command_line_arguments, env=env)
-    options.check_for_deprecated_options()
-    return options
-
-
-@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-def _get_pinned_container_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
-    """
-    This looks like a dict of dicts, e.g.
-    { 'x86_64': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
-      'i686': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
-      'pypy_x86_64': {'manylinux2010': '...' }
-      ... }
-    """
-
-    pinned_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
-    all_pinned_images = configparser.ConfigParser()
-    all_pinned_images.read(pinned_images_file)
-    return all_pinned_images
-
-
-def deprecated_selectors(name: str, selector: str, *, error: bool = False) -> None:
-    if "p2" in selector or "p35" in selector:
-        msg = f"cibuildwheel 2.x no longer supports Python < 3.6. Please use the 1.x series or update {name}"
-        if error:
-            raise errors.DeprecationError(msg)
-        log.warning(msg)

cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py

@@ -1,108 +1,78 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import ast
-import configparser
+import sys
-import contextlib
+from configparser import ConfigParser
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
-from ._compat import tomllib
+import toml
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    Constant = ast.Str
+
+    def get_constant(x: ast.Str) -> str:
+        return x.s
 
 
-def get_parent(node: ast.AST | None, depth: int = 1) -> ast.AST | None:
+else:
-    for _ in range(depth):
+    Constant = ast.Constant
-        node = getattr(node, "parent", None)
-    return node
 
-
+    def get_constant(x: ast.Constant) -> Any:
-def is_main(parent: ast.AST | None) -> bool:
+        return x.value
-    if parent is None:
-        return False
-
-    # This would be much nicer with 3.10's pattern matching!
-    if not isinstance(parent, ast.If):
-        return False
-    if not isinstance(parent.test, ast.Compare):
-        return False
-
-    try:
-        (op,) = parent.test.ops
-        (comp,) = parent.test.comparators
-    except ValueError:
-        return False
-
-    if not isinstance(op, ast.Eq):
-        return False
-
-    values = {comp, parent.test.left}
-
-    mains = {x for x in values if isinstance(x, ast.Constant) and x.value == "__main__"}
-    if len(mains) != 1:
-        return False
-    consts = {x for x in values if isinstance(x, ast.Name) and x.id == "__name__"}
-
-    return len(consts) == 1
 
 
 class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.requires_python: str | None = None
+        self.requires_python: Optional[str] = None
 
-    def visit(self, node: ast.AST) -> None:
+    def visit(self, content: ast.AST) -> None:
-        for inner_node in ast.walk(node):
+        for node in ast.walk(content):
-            for child in ast.iter_child_nodes(inner_node):
+            for child in ast.iter_child_nodes(node):
-                child.parent = inner_node  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                child.parent = node  # type: ignore
-        super().visit(node)
+        super().visit(content)
 
     def visit_keyword(self, node: ast.keyword) -> None:
-        # Must not be nested except for if __name__ == "__main__"
-
         self.generic_visit(node)
+        if node.arg == "python_requires":
+            # Must not be nested in an if or other structure
             # This will be Module -> Expr -> Call -> keyword
-        parent = get_parent(node, 4)
+            if not hasattr(node.parent.parent.parent, "parent") and isinstance(  # type: ignore
-        unnested = parent is None
+                node.value, Constant
-
-        # This will be Module -> If -> Expr -> Call -> keyword
-        name_main_unnested = (
-            parent is not None and get_parent(parent) is None and is_main(get_parent(node, 3))
-        )
-
-        if (
-            node.arg == "python_requires"
-            and isinstance(node.value, ast.Constant)
-            and (unnested or name_main_unnested)
             ):
-            self.requires_python = node.value.value
+                self.requires_python = get_constant(node.value)
 
 
-def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> str | None:
+def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> Optional[str]:
     try:
         tree = ast.parse(content)
         analyzer = Analyzer()
         analyzer.visit(tree)
         return analyzer.requires_python or None
-    except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+    except Exception:
         return None
 
 
-def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> str | None:
+def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> Optional[str]:
-    """Return the python requires string from the most canonical source available, or None"""
+    "Return the python requires string from the most canonical source available, or None"
 
     # Read in from pyproject.toml:project.requires-python
-    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+    try:
-        with (package_dir / "pyproject.toml").open("rb") as f1:
+        info = toml.load(package_dir / "pyproject.toml")
-            info = tomllib.load(f1)
-        with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
         return str(info["project"]["requires-python"])
+    except (FileNotFoundError, KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
+        pass
 
     # Read in from setup.cfg:options.python_requires
-    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    try:
-    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+        config = ConfigParser()
         config.read(package_dir / "setup.cfg")
-        with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
         return str(config["options"]["python_requires"])
+    except (FileNotFoundError, KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
+        pass
 
-    setup_py = package_dir / "setup.py"
+    try:
-    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError), setup_py.open(encoding="utf8") as f2:
+        with open(package_dir / "setup.py") as f:
-        return setup_py_python_requires(f2.read())
+            return setup_py_python_requires(f.read())
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        pass
 
     return None

cibuildwheel/pyodide.py

@@ -1,399 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import os
-import shutil
-import sys
-from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from pathlib import Path
-
-from filelock import FileLock
-
-from . import errors
-from .architecture import Architecture
-from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
-from .logger import log
-from .options import Options
-from .typing import PathOrStr
-from .util import (
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-    BuildFrontendConfig,
-    BuildSelector,
-    call,
-    combine_constraints,
-    download,
-    ensure_node,
-    extract_zip,
-    find_compatible_wheel,
-    get_pip_version,
-    move_file,
-    prepare_command,
-    read_python_configs,
-    shell,
-    split_config_settings,
-    test_fail_cwd_file,
-    virtualenv,
-)
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class PythonConfiguration:
-    version: str
-    identifier: str
-    pyodide_version: str
-    emscripten_version: str
-    node_version: str
-
-
-def install_emscripten(tmp: Path, version: str) -> Path:
-    # We don't need to match the emsdk version to the version we install, but
-    # we do for stability
-    url = f"https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk/archive/refs/tags/{version}.zip"
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"emsdk-{version}"
-    emsdk_path = installation_path / f"emsdk-{version}/emsdk"
-    emcc_path = installation_path / f"emsdk-{version}/upstream/emscripten/emcc"
-    with FileLock(f"{installation_path}.lock"):
-        if installation_path.exists():
-            return emcc_path
-        emsdk_zip = tmp / "emsdk.zip"
-        download(url, emsdk_zip)
-        installation_path.mkdir()
-        extract_zip(emsdk_zip, installation_path)
-        call(emsdk_path, "install", version)
-        call(emsdk_path, "activate", version)
-
-    return emcc_path
-
-
-def install_xbuildenv(env: dict[str, str], pyodide_version: str) -> str:
-    pyodide_root = (
-        CIBW_CACHE_PATH
-        / f".pyodide-xbuildenv-{pyodide_version}/{pyodide_version}/xbuildenv/pyodide-root"
-    )
-    with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "xbuildenv.lock"):
-        if pyodide_root.exists():
-            return str(pyodide_root)
-
-        # We don't want to mutate env but we need to delete any existing
-        # PYODIDE_ROOT so copy it first.
-        env = dict(env)
-        env.pop("PYODIDE_ROOT", None)
-        call(
-            "pyodide",
-            "xbuildenv",
-            "install",
-            pyodide_version,
-            env=env,
-            cwd=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-        )
-    return str(pyodide_root)
-
-
-def get_base_python(identifier: str) -> Path:
-    implementation_id = identifier.split("-")[0]
-    majorminor = implementation_id[len("cp") :]
-    version_info = (int(majorminor[0]), int(majorminor[1:]))
-    if version_info == sys.version_info[:2]:
-        return Path(sys.executable)
-
-    major_minor = ".".join(str(v) for v in version_info)
-    python_name = f"python{major_minor}"
-    which_python = shutil.which(python_name)
-    if which_python is None:
-        msg = f"CPython {major_minor} is not installed."
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    return Path(which_python)
-
-
-def setup_python(
-    tmp: Path,
-    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
-    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
-    environment: ParsedEnvironment,
-) -> dict[str, str]:
-    base_python = get_base_python(python_configuration.identifier)
-
-    log.step("Setting up build environment...")
-    venv_path = tmp / "venv"
-    env = virtualenv(python_configuration.version, base_python, venv_path, [], use_uv=False)
-    venv_bin_path = venv_path / "bin"
-    assert venv_bin_path.exists()
-    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
-
-    # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
-    # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip'
-    call(
-        "python",
-        "-m",
-        "pip",
-        "install",
-        "--upgrade",
-        "pip",
-        *dependency_constraint_flags,
-        env=env,
-        cwd=venv_path,
-    )
-
-    env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
-
-    # check what pip version we're on
-    assert (venv_bin_path / "pip").exists()
-    call("which", "pip", env=env)
-    call("pip", "--version", env=env)
-    which_pip = call("which", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-    if which_pip != str(venv_bin_path / "pip"):
-        msg = "pip available on PATH doesn't match our venv instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-    # check what Python version we're on
-    call("which", "python", env=env)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
-    which_python = call("which", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
-    if which_python != str(venv_bin_path / "python"):
-        msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our venv instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-    log.step("Installing build tools...")
-    call(
-        "pip",
-        "install",
-        "--upgrade",
-        "auditwheel-emscripten",
-        "build[virtualenv]",
-        "pyodide-build",
-        *dependency_constraint_flags,
-        env=env,
-    )
-
-    log.step("Installing emscripten...")
-    emcc_path = install_emscripten(tmp, python_configuration.emscripten_version)
-
-    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([str(emcc_path.parent), env["PATH"]])
-
-    log.step("Installing Pyodide xbuildenv...")
-    env["PYODIDE_ROOT"] = install_xbuildenv(env, python_configuration.pyodide_version)
-
-    return env
-
-
-def get_python_configurations(
-    build_selector: BuildSelector,
-    architectures: Set[Architecture],  # noqa: ARG001
-) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-    full_python_configs = read_python_configs("pyodide")
-
-    python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
-    python_configurations = [c for c in python_configurations if build_selector(c.identifier)]
-    return python_configurations
-
-
-def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
-        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
-    )
-
-    if not python_configurations:
-        return
-
-    try:
-        before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
-        before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
-
-        if before_all_options.before_all:
-            log.step("Running before_all...")
-            env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=os.environ)
-            before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
-                before_all_options.before_all, project=".", package=before_all_options.package_dir
-            )
-            shell(before_all_prepared, env=env)
-
-        built_wheels: list[Path] = []
-
-        for config in python_configurations:
-            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("build")
-
-            if build_frontend.name == "pip":
-                msg = "The pyodide platform doesn't support pip frontend"
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-            log.build_start(config.identifier)
-
-            identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
-            built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
-            repaired_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
-            identifier_tmp_dir.mkdir()
-            built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
-            repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
-
-            dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr] = []
-            if build_options.dependency_constraints:
-                constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                    config.version, variant="pyodide"
-                )
-                dependency_constraint_flags = ["-c", constraints_path]
-
-            env = setup_python(
-                identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
-                config,
-                dependency_constraint_flags,
-                build_options.environment,
-            )
-            pip_version = get_pip_version(env)
-            # The Pyodide command line runner mounts all directories in the host
-            # filesystem into the Pyodide file system, except for the custom
-            # file systems /dev, /lib, /proc, and /tmp. Mounting the mount
-            # points for alternate file systems causes some mysterious failure
-            # of the process (it just quits without any clear error).
-            #
-            # Because of this, by default Pyodide can't see anything under /tmp.
-            # This environment variable tells it also to mount our temp
-            # directory.
-            oldmounts = ""
-            extra_mounts = [str(identifier_tmp_dir)]
-            if str(Path(".").resolve()).startswith("/tmp"):
-                extra_mounts.append(str(Path(".").resolve()))
-
-            if "_PYODIDE_EXTRA_MOUNTS" in env:
-                oldmounts = env["_PYODIDE_EXTRA_MOUNTS"] + ":"
-            env["_PYODIDE_EXTRA_MOUNTS"] = oldmounts + ":".join(extra_mounts)
-
-            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
-            if compatible_wheel:
-                log.step_end()
-                print(
-                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
-                )
-                built_wheel = compatible_wheel
-            else:
-                if build_options.before_build:
-                    log.step("Running before_build...")
-                    before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.before_build, project=".", package=build_options.package_dir
-                    )
-                    shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
-
-                log.step("Building wheel...")
-
-                extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings, "build")
-                extra_flags += build_frontend.args
-
-                if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
-                    msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
-                    log.warning(msg)
-
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if build_options.dependency_constraints:
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir)
-                build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                call(
-                    "pyodide",
-                    "build",
-                    build_options.package_dir,
-                    f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                    *extra_flags,
-                    env=build_env,
-                )
-                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
-
-                if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                    raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
-
-                if build_options.repair_command:
-                    log.step("Repairing wheel...")
-
-                    repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.repair_command,
-                        wheel=built_wheel,
-                        dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
-                    )
-                    shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
-                else:
-                    shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
-
-                repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
-
-                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
-                    raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
-
-            if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
-                log.step("Testing wheel...")
-
-                venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "venv-test"
-                # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
-                # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-
-                virtualenv_env = env.copy()
-                virtualenv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
-                    [
-                        str(ensure_node(config.node_version)),
-                        virtualenv_env["PATH"],
-                    ]
-                )
-
-                # pyodide venv uses virtualenv under the hood
-                # use the pip embedded with virtualenv & disable network updates
-                virtualenv_create_env = virtualenv_env.copy()
-                virtualenv_create_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-                virtualenv_create_env["VIRTUALENV_NO_PERIODIC_UPDATE"] = "1"
-
-                call("pyodide", "venv", venv_dir, env=virtualenv_create_env)
-
-                virtualenv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
-                    [
-                        str(venv_dir / "bin"),
-                        virtualenv_env["PATH"],
-                    ]
-                )
-                virtualenv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_dir)
-
-                # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
-                call("which", "python", env=virtualenv_env)
-
-                if build_options.before_test:
-                    before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.before_test,
-                        project=".",
-                        package=build_options.package_dir,
-                    )
-                    shell(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)
-
-                # install the wheel
-                call(
-                    "pip",
-                    "install",
-                    f"{repaired_wheel}{build_options.test_extras}",
-                    env=virtualenv_env,
-                )
-
-                # test the wheel
-                if build_options.test_requires:
-                    call("pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)
-
-                # run the tests from a temp dir, with an absolute path in the command
-                # (this ensures that Python runs the tests against the installed wheel
-                # and not the repo code)
-                test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.test_command,
-                    project=Path(".").resolve(),
-                    package=build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
-                )
-
-                test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"
-                test_cwd.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-                (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(test_fail_cwd_file.read_text())
-
-                shell(test_command_prepared, cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)
-
-            # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
-            if compatible_wheel is None:
-                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(repaired_wheel.name)
-                moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
-                if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
-                    log.warning(
-                        "{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
-                    )
-                built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
-
-    finally:
-        pass

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -1,176 +1,71 @@
 [linux]
 python_configurations = [
+  { identifier = "cp27-manylinux_x86_64", version = "2.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp27-cp27m" },
+  { identifier = "cp27-manylinux_x86_64", version = "2.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp27-cp27mu" },
+  { identifier = "cp35-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.5", path_str = "/opt/python/cp35-cp35m" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp27-manylinux_i686", version = "2.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp27-cp27m" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
+  { identifier = "cp27-manylinux_i686", version = "2.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp27-cp27mu" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
+  { identifier = "cp35-manylinux_i686", version = "3.5", path_str = "/opt/python/cp35-cp35m" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_i686", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "pp27-manylinux_x86_64", version = "2.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp27-pypy_73" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_i686", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
+  { identifier = "pp36-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/pp36-pypy36_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_i686", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_i686", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_i686", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
   { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
+  { identifier = "cp35-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.5", path_str = "/opt/python/cp35-cp35m" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp35-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.5", path_str = "/opt/python/cp35-cp35m" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
+  { identifier = "cp35-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.5", path_str = "/opt/python/cp35-cp35m" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
   { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
   { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
-  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_i686", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
-  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_i686", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_i686", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_i686", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_i686", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
-  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
-  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
-  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
-  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/cp312-cp312" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.13", path_str = "/opt/python/cp313-cp313t" },
 ]
 
 [macos]
 python_configurations = [
+  { identifier = "cp27-macosx_x86_64", version = "2.7", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.18/python-2.7.18-macosx10.9.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp35-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.5", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.4/python-3.5.4-macosx10.6.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp36-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.6", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/python-3.6.8-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.9/python-3.7.9-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
   { identifier = "cp38-macosx_universal2", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/python-3.9.13-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.5/python-3.9.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/python-3.9.13-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.5/python-3.9.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_universal2", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/python-3.9.13-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_universal2", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.5/python-3.9.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.11/python-3.10.11-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "pp27-macosx_x86_64", version = "2.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy2.7-v7.3.3-osx64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.11/python-3.10.11-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "pp36-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.6", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.6-v7.3.3-osx64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.11/python-3.10.11-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.3-osx64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.9/python-3.11.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.9/python-3.11.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_universal2", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.9/python-3.11.9-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.5/python-3.12.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.5/python-3.12.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.5/python-3.12.5-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/python-3.13.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/python-3.13.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/python-3.13.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/python-3.13.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/python-3.13.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.0/python-3.13.0rc1-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.17-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.17-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
 ]
 
 [windows]
 python_configurations = [
+  { identifier = "cp27-win32", version = "2.7.18", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp27-win_amd64", version = "2.7.18", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp35-win32", version = "3.5.4", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp35-win_amd64", version = "3.5.4", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp36-win32", version = "3.6.8", arch = "32" },
   { identifier = "cp36-win_amd64", version = "3.6.8", arch = "64" },
   { identifier = "cp37-win32", version = "3.7.9", arch = "32" },
   { identifier = "cp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7.9", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-win32", version = "3.8.10", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp38-win32", version = "3.8.9", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8.10", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8.9", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.13", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.4", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.13", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.4", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.11", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "pp27-win32", version = "2.7", arch = "32", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy2.7-v7.3.3-win32.zip" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "pp36-win32", version = "3.6", arch = "32", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.6-v7.3.3-win32.zip" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.9", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "pp37-win32", version = "3.7", arch = "32", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.3-win32.zip" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.9", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.5", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.5", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.0-rc1", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win32", version = "3.13.0-rc1", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.0-rc1", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_amd64", version = "3.13.0-rc1", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.9", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.5", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.0-rc1", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp313t-win_arm64", version = "3.13.0-rc1", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.11-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.17-win64.zip" },
-]
-
-[pyodide]
-python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp312-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.12.1", pyodide_version = "0.26.1", emscripten_version = "3.1.58", node_version = "v20" },
 ]

cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json

@@ -1,821 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema",
-  "$id": "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json",
-  "$defs": {
-    "inherit": {
-      "enum": [
-        "none",
-        "prepend",
-        "append"
-      ],
-      "default": "none",
-      "description": "How to inherit the parent's value."
-    }
-  },
-  "additionalProperties": false,
-  "description": "cibuildwheel's settings.",
-  "type": "object",
-  "properties": {
-    "archs": {
-      "description": "Change the architectures built on your machine by default.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_ARCHS"
-    },
-    "before-all": {
-      "description": "Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_BEFORE_ALL"
-    },
-    "before-build": {
-      "description": "Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD"
-    },
-    "before-test": {
-      "description": "Execute a shell command before testing each wheel.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_BEFORE_TEST"
-    },
-    "build": {
-      "default": [
-        "*"
-      ],
-      "description": "Choose the Python versions to build.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_BUILD"
-    },
-    "build-frontend": {
-      "default": "default",
-      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"pip\" (default for now), \"build\", or \"build[uv]\"",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "enum": [
-            "pip",
-            "build",
-            "build[uv]",
-            "default"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "string",
-          "pattern": "^pip; ?args:"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "string",
-          "pattern": "^build; ?args:"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "string",
-          "pattern": "^build\\[uv\\]; ?args:"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "object",
-          "additionalProperties": false,
-          "required": [
-            "name"
-          ],
-          "properties": {
-            "name": {
-              "enum": [
-                "pip",
-                "build",
-                "build[uv]"
-              ]
-            },
-            "args": {
-              "type": "array",
-              "items": {
-                "type": "string"
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND"
-    },
-    "build-verbosity": {
-      "type": "integer",
-      "minimum": -3,
-      "maximum": 3,
-      "default": 0,
-      "description": "Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel.",
-      "title": "CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY"
-    },
-    "config-settings": {
-      "description": "Specify config-settings for the build backend.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "object",
-          "additionalProperties": false,
-          "patternProperties": {
-            ".+": {
-              "oneOf": [
-                {
-                  "type": "string"
-                },
-                {
-                  "type": "array",
-                  "items": {
-                    "type": "string"
-                  }
-                }
-              ]
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS"
-    },
-    "container-engine": {
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "enum": [
-            "docker",
-            "podman"
-          ]
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "string",
-          "pattern": "^docker; ?(create_args|disable_host_mount):"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "string",
-          "pattern": "^podman; ?(create_args|disable_host_mount):"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "object",
-          "additionalProperties": false,
-          "required": [
-            "name"
-          ],
-          "properties": {
-            "name": {
-              "enum": [
-                "docker",
-                "podman"
-              ]
-            },
-            "create-args": {
-              "type": "array",
-              "items": {
-                "type": "string"
-              }
-            },
-            "disable-host-mount": {
-              "type": "boolean"
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE"
-    },
-    "dependency-versions": {
-      "default": "pinned",
-      "description": "Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses",
-      "type": "string",
-      "title": "CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS"
-    },
-    "environment": {
-      "description": "Set environment variables needed during the build.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "object",
-          "additionalProperties": false,
-          "patternProperties": {
-            ".+": {
-              "type": "string"
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT"
-    },
-    "environment-pass": {
-      "description": "Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS"
-    },
-    "free-threaded-support": {
-      "type": "boolean",
-      "default": false,
-      "description": "The project supports free-threaded builds of Python (PEP703)",
-      "title": "CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT"
-    },
-    "manylinux-aarch64-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "manylinux-i686-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "manylinux-ppc64le-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_PPC64LE_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "manylinux-pypy_i686-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_I686_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "manylinux-s390x-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_S390X_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "manylinux-x86_64-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "musllinux-aarch64-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "musllinux-i686-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_I686_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "musllinux-ppc64le-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_PPC64LE_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "musllinux-s390x-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_S390X_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "musllinux-x86_64-image": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "description": "Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images",
-      "title": "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE"
-    },
-    "repair-wheel-command": {
-      "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND"
-    },
-    "skip": {
-      "description": "Choose the Python versions to skip.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_SKIP"
-    },
-    "test-command": {
-      "description": "Execute a shell command to test each built wheel.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND"
-    },
-    "test-extras": {
-      "description": "Install your wheel for testing using `extras_require`",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS"
-    },
-    "test-requires": {
-      "description": "Install Python dependencies before running the tests",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES"
-    },
-    "test-skip": {
-      "description": "Skip running tests on some builds.",
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "string"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "title": "CIBW_TEST_SKIP"
-    },
-    "overrides": {
-      "type": "array",
-      "description": "An overrides array",
-      "items": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "required": [
-          "select"
-        ],
-        "minProperties": 2,
-        "additionalProperties": false,
-        "properties": {
-          "select": {
-            "oneOf": [
-              {
-                "type": "string"
-              },
-              {
-                "type": "array",
-                "items": {
-                  "type": "string"
-                }
-              }
-            ]
-          },
-          "inherit": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "additionalProperties": false,
-            "properties": {
-              "before-all": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "before-build": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "before-test": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "config-settings": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "container-engine": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "environment": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "environment-pass": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "repair-wheel-command": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "test-command": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "test-extras": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              },
-              "test-requires": {
-                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
-              }
-            }
-          },
-          "before-all": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
-          },
-          "before-build": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
-          },
-          "before-test": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
-          },
-          "build-frontend": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
-          },
-          "build-verbosity": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
-          },
-          "config-settings": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
-          },
-          "container-engine": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/container-engine"
-          },
-          "dependency-versions": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/dependency-versions"
-          },
-          "environment": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
-          },
-          "environment-pass": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/environment-pass"
-          },
-          "manylinux-aarch64-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-aarch64-image"
-          },
-          "manylinux-i686-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-i686-image"
-          },
-          "manylinux-ppc64le-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-ppc64le-image"
-          },
-          "manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image"
-          },
-          "manylinux-pypy_i686-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_i686-image"
-          },
-          "manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image"
-          },
-          "manylinux-s390x-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-s390x-image"
-          },
-          "manylinux-x86_64-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-x86_64-image"
-          },
-          "musllinux-aarch64-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-aarch64-image"
-          },
-          "musllinux-i686-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-i686-image"
-          },
-          "musllinux-ppc64le-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-ppc64le-image"
-          },
-          "musllinux-s390x-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-s390x-image"
-          },
-          "musllinux-x86_64-image": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-x86_64-image"
-          },
-          "repair-wheel-command": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
-          },
-          "test-command": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
-          },
-          "test-extras": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
-          },
-          "test-requires": {
-            "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "linux": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "additionalProperties": false,
-      "properties": {
-        "archs": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/archs"
-        },
-        "before-all": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
-        },
-        "before-build": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
-        },
-        "before-test": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
-        },
-        "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
-        },
-        "build-verbosity": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
-        },
-        "config-settings": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
-        },
-        "container-engine": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/container-engine"
-        },
-        "environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
-        },
-        "environment-pass": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/environment-pass"
-        },
-        "manylinux-aarch64-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-aarch64-image"
-        },
-        "manylinux-i686-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-i686-image"
-        },
-        "manylinux-ppc64le-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-ppc64le-image"
-        },
-        "manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image"
-        },
-        "manylinux-pypy_i686-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_i686-image"
-        },
-        "manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image"
-        },
-        "manylinux-s390x-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-s390x-image"
-        },
-        "manylinux-x86_64-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/manylinux-x86_64-image"
-        },
-        "musllinux-aarch64-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-aarch64-image"
-        },
-        "musllinux-i686-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-i686-image"
-        },
-        "musllinux-ppc64le-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-ppc64le-image"
-        },
-        "musllinux-s390x-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-s390x-image"
-        },
-        "musllinux-x86_64-image": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/musllinux-x86_64-image"
-        },
-        "repair-wheel-command": {
-          "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
-          "oneOf": [
-            {
-              "type": "string"
-            },
-            {
-              "type": "array",
-              "items": {
-                "type": "string"
-              }
-            }
-          ],
-          "title": "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND",
-          "default": "auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
-        },
-        "test-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
-        },
-        "test-extras": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
-        },
-        "test-requires": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "windows": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "additionalProperties": false,
-      "properties": {
-        "archs": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/archs"
-        },
-        "before-all": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
-        },
-        "before-build": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
-        },
-        "before-test": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
-        },
-        "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
-        },
-        "build-verbosity": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
-        },
-        "config-settings": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
-        },
-        "dependency-versions": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/dependency-versions"
-        },
-        "environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
-        },
-        "repair-wheel-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
-        },
-        "test-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
-        },
-        "test-extras": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
-        },
-        "test-requires": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "macos": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "additionalProperties": false,
-      "properties": {
-        "archs": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/archs"
-        },
-        "before-all": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
-        },
-        "before-build": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
-        },
-        "before-test": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
-        },
-        "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
-        },
-        "build-verbosity": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
-        },
-        "config-settings": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
-        },
-        "dependency-versions": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/dependency-versions"
-        },
-        "environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
-        },
-        "repair-wheel-command": {
-          "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
-          "oneOf": [
-            {
-              "type": "string"
-            },
-            {
-              "type": "array",
-              "items": {
-                "type": "string"
-              }
-            }
-          ],
-          "title": "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND",
-          "default": "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}"
-        },
-        "test-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
-        },
-        "test-extras": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
-        },
-        "test-requires": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "pyodide": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "additionalProperties": false,
-      "properties": {
-        "archs": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/archs"
-        },
-        "before-all": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-all"
-        },
-        "before-build": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-build"
-        },
-        "before-test": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
-        },
-        "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
-        },
-        "build-verbosity": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
-        },
-        "config-settings": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/config-settings"
-        },
-        "dependency-versions": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/dependency-versions"
-        },
-        "environment": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/environment"
-        },
-        "repair-wheel-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
-        },
-        "test-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
-        },
-        "test-extras": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-extras"
-        },
-        "test-requires": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/test-requires"
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide312.txt

@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-annotated-types==0.7.0
-    # via pydantic
-anyio==4.4.0
-    # via httpx
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.0.16
-    # via pyodide-build
-build==1.2.1
-    # via
-    #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-    #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2024.8.30
-    # via
-    #   httpcore
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-charset-normalizer==3.3.2
-    # via requests
-click==8.1.7
-    # via typer
-cloudpickle==3.0.0
-    # via loky
-cmake==3.30.2
-    # via pyodide-build
-distlib==0.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.15.4
-    # via virtualenv
-h11==0.14.0
-    # via httpcore
-httpcore==1.0.5
-    # via httpx
-httpx==0.27.2
-    # via unearth
-idna==3.8
-    # via
-    #   anyio
-    #   httpx
-    #   requests
-leb128==1.0.8
-    # via auditwheel-emscripten
-loky==3.4.1
-    # via pyodide-build
-markdown-it-py==3.0.0
-    # via rich
-mdurl==0.1.2
-    # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==24.1
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   build
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   unearth
-pip==24.2
-    # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.2.2
-    # via virtualenv
-pydantic==2.8.2
-    # via
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.20.1
-    # via pydantic
-pygments==2.18.0
-    # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.26.1
-    # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-pyodide-cli==0.2.4
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.0a6
-    # via pyodide-build
-pyproject-hooks==1.1.0
-    # via build
-pyyaml==6.0.2
-    # via pyodide-build
-requests==2.32.3
-    # via pyodide-build
-resolvelib==1.0.1
-    # via pyodide-build
-rich==13.8.0
-    # via
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-cli
-    #   typer
-ruamel-yaml==0.18.6
-    # via pyodide-build
-ruamel-yaml-clib==0.2.8
-    # via ruamel-yaml
-shellingham==1.5.4
-    # via typer
-sniffio==1.3.1
-    # via
-    #   anyio
-    #   httpx
-typer==0.12.5
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-cli
-types-requests==2.32.0.20240712
-    # via pyodide-build
-typing-extensions==4.12.2
-    # via
-    #   pydantic
-    #   pydantic-core
-    #   typer
-unearth==0.17.2
-    # via pyodide-build
-urllib3==2.2.2
-    # via
-    #   requests
-    #   types-requests
-virtualenv==20.26.3
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   pyodide-build
-wheel==0.44.0
-    # via
-    #   auditwheel-emscripten
-    #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python27.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
+# To update, run:
+#
+#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#
+appdirs==1.4.4
+    # via virtualenv
+configparser==4.0.2
+    # via importlib-metadata
+contextlib2==0.6.0.post1
+    # via
+    #   importlib-metadata
+    #   importlib-resources
+delocate==0.8.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.1
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.0.12
+    # via virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==2.1.1
+    # via virtualenv
+importlib-resources==3.3.1
+    # via virtualenv
+pathlib2==2.3.5
+    # via
+    #   importlib-metadata
+    #   importlib-resources
+    #   virtualenv
+scandir==1.10.0
+    # via pathlib2
+singledispatch==3.6.1
+    # via importlib-resources
+six==1.15.0
+    # via
+    #   pathlib2
+    #   virtualenv
+typing==3.7.4.3
+    # via importlib-resources
+virtualenv==20.4.3
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.36.2
+    # via
+    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+    #   delocate
+zipp==1.2.0
+    # via
+    #   importlib-metadata
+    #   importlib-resources
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==20.3.4
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==44.1.1
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
-    # via macholib
-build==1.2.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.12.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.15.4
-    # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.4.0
-    # via build
-macholib==1.16.3
-    # via delocate
-packaging==24.1
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==24.2
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.2.2
-    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.1.0
-    # via build
-tomli==2.0.1
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.12.2
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.26.3
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-zipp==3.20.1
-    # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python311.txt

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
-    # via macholib
-build==1.2.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.12.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.15.4
-    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
-    # via delocate
-packaging==24.1
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==24.2
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.2.2
-    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.1.0
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.12.2
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.26.3
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python312.txt

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
-    # via macholib
-build==1.2.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.12.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.15.4
-    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
-    # via delocate
-packaging==24.1
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==24.2
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.2.2
-    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.1.0
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.12.2
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.26.3
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python313.txt

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    nox -s update_constraints
-altgraph==0.17.4
-    # via macholib
-build==1.2.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.12.0
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.8
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.15.4
-    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
-    # via delocate
-packaging==24.1
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==24.2
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.2.2
-    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.1.0
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.12.2
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.26.3
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python35.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
+# To update, run:
+#
+#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#
+appdirs==1.4.4
+    # via virtualenv
+delocate==0.8.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.1
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.0.12
+    # via virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==2.1.1
+    # via virtualenv
+importlib-resources==3.2.1
+    # via virtualenv
+six==1.15.0
+    # via virtualenv
+virtualenv==20.4.3
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.36.2
+    # via
+    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+    #   delocate
+zipp==1.2.0
+    # via
+    #   importlib-metadata
+    #   importlib-resources
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==20.3.4
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==50.3.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python36.txt

@@ -1,52 +1,38 @@
 #
-# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.6
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    nox -s update_constraints-3.6
+#    bin/update_dependencies.py
 #
-build==0.9.0
+appdirs==1.4.4
+    # via virtualenv
+delocate==0.8.2
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delocate==0.10.2
+distlib==0.3.1
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.0.12
+    # via virtualenv
+importlib-metadata==3.10.0
+    # via virtualenv
+importlib-resources==5.1.2
+    # via virtualenv
+six==1.15.0
+    # via virtualenv
+typing-extensions==3.7.4.3
+    # via importlib-metadata
+virtualenv==20.4.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.8
+wheel==0.36.2
-    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.4.1
-    # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==4.8.3
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   pep517
-    #   virtualenv
-importlib-resources==5.4.0
-    # via virtualenv
-packaging==21.3
-    # via build
-pep517==0.13.1
-    # via build
-platformdirs==2.4.0
-    # via virtualenv
-pyparsing==3.1.1
-    # via packaging
-tomli==1.2.3
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   pep517
-typing-extensions==4.1.1
     # via
+    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
     #   delocate
-    #   importlib-metadata
+zipp==3.4.1
-virtualenv==20.17.1
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-wheel==0.37.1
-    # via delocate
-zipp==3.6.0
     # via
     #   importlib-metadata
     #   importlib-resources
-    #   pep517
 
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==21.3.1
+pip==21.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==59.6.0
+setuptools==54.2.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python37.txt

@@ -1,39 +1,34 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
+#
-#    nox -s update_constraints
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
-altgraph==0.17.4
+# To update, run:
-    # via macholib
+#
-build==1.1.1
+#    bin/update_dependencies.py
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+#
-delocate==0.12.0
+appdirs==1.4.4
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.12.2
+delocate==0.8.2
-    # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==6.7.0
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
-    # via delocate
-packaging==24.0
-    # via
-    #   build
-    #   delocate
-pip==24.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.0.0
+distlib==0.3.1
     # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.1.0
+filelock==3.0.12
-    # via build
+    # via virtualenv
-tomli==2.0.1
+importlib-metadata==3.10.0
-    # via build
+    # via virtualenv
-typing-extensions==4.7.1
+six==1.15.0
-    # via
+    # via virtualenv
-    #   delocate
+typing-extensions==3.7.4.3
-    #   importlib-metadata
-    #   platformdirs
-virtualenv==20.26.3
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-zipp==3.15.0
     # via importlib-metadata
+virtualenv==20.4.3
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.36.2
+    # via
+    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+    #   delocate
+zipp==3.4.1
+    # via importlib-metadata
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==21.0.1
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+setuptools==54.2.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python38.txt

@@ -1,34 +1,28 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
+#
-#    nox -s update_constraints
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
-altgraph==0.17.4
+# To update, run:
-    # via macholib
+#
-build==1.2.1
+#    bin/update_dependencies.py
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+#
-delocate==0.12.0
+appdirs==1.4.4
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.15.4
+delocate==0.8.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.1
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.4.0
+filelock==3.0.12
-    # via build
+    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+six==1.15.0
-    # via delocate
+    # via virtualenv
-packaging==24.1
+virtualenv==20.4.3
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.36.2
     # via
-    #   build
+    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
     #   delocate
-pip==24.2
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==21.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.2.2
+setuptools==54.2.0
-    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.1.0
-    # via build
-tomli==2.0.1
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.12.2
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.26.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-zipp==3.20.1
-    # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -1,34 +1,28 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
+#
-#    nox -s update_constraints
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
-altgraph==0.17.4
+# To update, run:
-    # via macholib
+#
-build==1.2.1
+#    bin/update_dependencies.py
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+#
-delocate==0.12.0
+appdirs==1.4.4
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.15.4
+delocate==0.8.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.1
     # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==8.4.0
+filelock==3.0.12
-    # via build
+    # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+six==1.15.0
-    # via delocate
+    # via virtualenv
-packaging==24.1
+virtualenv==20.4.3
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.36.2
     # via
-    #   build
+    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
     #   delocate
-pip==24.2
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==21.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.2.2
+setuptools==54.2.0
-    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.1.0
-    # via build
-tomli==2.0.1
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.12.2
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.26.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-zipp==3.20.1
-    # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pip
-build
+setuptools
+wheel
 delocate
 virtualenv

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
-# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
+#
-#    nox -s update_constraints
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile
-altgraph==0.17.4
+# To update, run:
-    # via macholib
+#
-build==1.2.1
+#    bin/update_dependencies.py
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+#
-delocate==0.12.0
+appdirs==1.4.4
-    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.8
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.15.4
+delocate==0.8.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+distlib==0.3.1
     # via virtualenv
-macholib==1.16.3
+filelock==3.0.12
-    # via delocate
+    # via virtualenv
-packaging==24.1
+six==1.15.0
+    # via virtualenv
+virtualenv==20.4.3
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+wheel==0.36.2
     # via
-    #   build
+    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
     #   delocate
-pip==24.2
+
+# The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
+pip==21.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.2.2
+setuptools==54.2.0
-    # via virtualenv
-pyproject-hooks==1.1.0
-    # via build
-typing-extensions==4.12.2
-    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.26.3
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-[tool.cibuildwheel]
-build = "*"
-skip = ""
-test-skip = ""
-free-threaded-support = false
-
-archs = ["auto"]
-build-frontend = "default"
-config-settings = {}
-dependency-versions = "pinned"
-environment = {}
-environment-pass = []
-build-verbosity = 0
-
-before-all = ""
-before-build = ""
-repair-wheel-command = ""
-
-test-command = ""
-before-test = ""
-test-requires = []
-test-extras = []
-
-container-engine = "docker"
-
-manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-aarch64-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-ppc64le-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-s390x-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-pypy_x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-pypy_i686-image = "manylinux2014"
-manylinux-pypy_aarch64-image = "manylinux2014"
-
-musllinux-x86_64-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-musllinux-i686-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-musllinux-aarch64-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-musllinux-ppc64le-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-musllinux-s390x-image = "musllinux_1_2"
-
-
-[tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
-repair-wheel-command = "auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
-
-[tool.cibuildwheel.macos]
-repair-wheel-command = "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}"
-
-[tool.cibuildwheel.windows]
-
-[tool.cibuildwheel.pyodide]

cibuildwheel/resources/free-threaded-enable-313.xml

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
-<plist version="1.0">
-<array>
-        <dict>
-                <key>attributeSetting</key>
-                <integer>1</integer>
-                <key>choiceAttribute</key>
-                <string>selected</string>
-                <key>choiceIdentifier</key>
-                <string>org.python.Python.PythonTFramework-3.13</string>
-        </dict>
-</array>
-</plist>

cibuildwheel/resources/install_certifi.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 # for the ssl module.  Uses the certificates provided by the certifi package:
 #       https://pypi.org/project/certifi/
 
-import contextlib
 import os
 import os.path
 import ssl
@@ -25,6 +24,9 @@ STAT_0o775 = (
     | stat.S_IXOTH
 )
 
+if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
+    FileNotFoundError = OSError
+
 
 def main():
     openssl_dir, openssl_cafile = os.path.split(ssl.get_default_verify_paths().openssl_cafile)
@@ -40,8 +42,10 @@ def main():
     relpath_to_certifi_cafile = os.path.relpath(certifi.where())
 
     print(" -- removing any existing file or link")
-    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+    try:
         os.remove(openssl_cafile)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        pass
     print(" -- creating symlink to certifi certificate bundle")
     os.symlink(relpath_to_certifi_cafile, openssl_cafile)
 

cibuildwheel/resources/nodejs.toml

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-url = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
-v20 = "v20.17.0"

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,54 +1,26 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2024-04-29-76807b8
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2021-05-05-b64d921
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2021-02-06-3d322a5
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2024.09.01-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2021-05-01-28d233a
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2021-05-01-28d233a
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2024.09.01-2
 
 [i686]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2024-04-29-76807b8
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2021-05-05-b64d921
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2021-02-06-3d322a5
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2024.09.01-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2021-05-01-28d233a
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2021-05-01-28d233a
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2024.09.01-2
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
+manylinux2010 = pypywheels/manylinux2010-pypy_x86_64:2020-12-11-f1e0e80
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2024.09.01-2
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2024.09.01-2
-
-[pypy_i686]
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2024.09.01-2
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-12-26-0d38463
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2024.09.01-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2021-05-01-28d233a
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2021-05-01-28d233a
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2024.09.01-2
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2024.09.01-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2021-05-01-28d233a
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2021-05-01-28d233a
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2024.09.01-2
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2024.09.01-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2021-05-01-28d233a
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-12-26-0d38463
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2021-05-01-28d233a
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2024.09.01-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2024.09.01-2
-
-[pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2024.09.01-2
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-12-26-0d38463
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2024.09.01-2
-

cibuildwheel/resources/pypy_venv.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+diff --git a/lib-python/3/sysconfig.py b/lib-python/3/sysconfig.py
+index 0d08cde66b4150e1772c13fdc6fe34d079c2b10d..30c77d165a2505d98bc7660ff0cc3b728f56c682 100644
+--- a/lib-python/3/sysconfig.py
++++ b/lib-python/3/sysconfig.py
+@@ -618,9 +618,6 @@ def get_config_vars(*args):
+             import _osx_support
+             _osx_support.customize_config_vars(_CONFIG_VARS)
+
+-        _CONFIG_VARS['INCLUDEPY'] = os.path.join(_CONFIG_VARS['prefix'],
+-                                                 'include')
+-
+     if args:
+         vals = []
+         for name in args:
+diff --git a/lib_pypy/_sysconfigdata.py b/lib_pypy/_sysconfigdata.py
+index f1cca41a4b7553819bb1a2a63af1c1a9b8591ce9..a34216e8e12b82abd72fabdd7793b3e8bb19bbcf 100644
+--- a/lib_pypy/_sysconfigdata.py
++++ b/lib_pypy/_sysconfigdata.py
+@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from distutils.spawn import find_executable
+
+ so_ext = _imp.extension_suffixes()[0]
+
++mybase = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+ build_time_vars = {
+     # SOABI is PEP 3149 compliant, but CPython3 has so_ext.split('.')[1]
+@@ -25,7 +26,8 @@ build_time_vars = {
+     'AR': "ar",
+     'ARFLAGS': "rc",
+     'EXE': "",
+-    'LIBDIR': os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'bin'),
++    'LIBDIR': os.path.join(mybase, 'lib'),
++    'INCLUDEPY': os.path.join(mybase, 'include'),
+ }
+
+ if find_executable("gcc"):

cibuildwheel/resources/pypy_venv_27.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+--- a/lib-python/2.7/sysconfig.py
++++ b/lib-python/2.7/sysconfig.py
+@@ -553,9 +553,6 @@ def get_config_vars(*args):
+             if type_ == imp.C_EXTENSION:
+                 _CONFIG_VARS['SOABI'] = suffix.split('.')[1]
+                 break
+-        _CONFIG_VARS['INCLUDEPY'] = os.path.join(_CONFIG_VARS['prefix'],
+-                                                 'include')
+-
+     if args:
+         vals = []
+         for name in args:
+--- a/lib_pypy/_sysconfigdata.py
++++ b/lib_pypy/_sysconfigdata.py
+@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
+-import imp
++import imp, os
++
++mybase = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+ build_time_vars = {
+     "SO": [s[0] for s in imp.get_suffixes() if s[2] == imp.C_EXTENSION][0]
+ }
++
++build_time_vars['LIBDIR'] = os.path.join(mybase, 'lib')
++build_time_vars['INCLUDEPY'] = os.path.join(mybase, 'include')
++

cibuildwheel/resources/testing_temp_dir_file.py

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# this file is copied to the testing cwd, to raise the below error message if
-# pytest/unittest is run from there.
-
-import unittest
-
-
-class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_fail(self):
-        self.fail(
-            "cibuildwheel executes tests from a different working directory to "
-            "your project. This ensures only your wheel is imported, preventing "
-            "Python from accessing files that haven't been packaged into the "
-            "wheel. Please specify a path to your tests when invoking pytest "
-            "using the {project} placeholder, e.g. `pytest {project}` or "
-            "`pytest {project}/tests`. cibuildwheel will replace {project} with "
-            "the path to your project."
-        )

cibuildwheel/resources/virtualenv.toml

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-py36 = { version = "20.21.1", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.21.1/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true" }
-default = { version = "20.26.3", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.26.3/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true" }

cibuildwheel/schema.py

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import json
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
-
-DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
-
-
-def get_schema(tool_name: str = "cibuildwheel") -> dict[str, Any]:
-    "Get the stored complete schema for cibuildwheel settings."
-    assert tool_name == "cibuildwheel", "Only cibuildwheel is supported."
-
-    with DIR.joinpath("resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json").open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        return json.load(f)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]

cibuildwheel/typing.py

@@ -1,20 +1,29 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import os
 import subprocess
-import typing
+import sys
-from typing import Final, Literal, Protocol, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NoReturn, Set, Union
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    from typing_extensions import Final, Literal, TypedDict
+else:
+    from typing import Final, Literal, TypedDict
+
 
 __all__ = (
-    "PLATFORMS",
+    "Final",
+    "Literal",
+    "TypedDict",
+    "Set",
+    "Union",
+    "PopenBytes",
     "PathOrStr",
     "PlatformName",
     "PLATFORMS",
-    "PopenBytes",
+    "assert_never",
 )
 
 
-if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
     PopenBytes = subprocess.Popen[bytes]
     PathOrStr = Union[str, os.PathLike[str]]
 else:
@@ -22,10 +31,9 @@ else:
     PathOrStr = Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]
 
 
-PlatformName = Literal["linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide"]
+PlatformName = Literal["linux", "macos", "windows"]
-PLATFORMS: Final[set[PlatformName]] = {"linux", "macos", "windows", "pyodide"}
+PLATFORMS: Final[Set[PlatformName]] = {"linux", "macos", "windows"}
 
 
-class GenericPythonConfiguration(Protocol):
+def assert_never(value: NoReturn) -> NoReturn:
-    @property
+    assert False, f"Unhandled value: {value} ({type(value).__name__})"  # noqa: B011
-    def identifier(self) -> str: ...

cibuildwheel/util.py

@@ -1,187 +1,31 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import contextlib
 import fnmatch
 import itertools
 import os
 import re
-import shlex
-import shutil
 import ssl
-import subprocess
-import sys
-import tarfile
 import textwrap
 import time
-import typing
 import urllib.request
-from collections import defaultdict
-from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
-from functools import lru_cache
+from pathlib import Path
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 from time import sleep
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, Final, Literal, TextIO, TypeVar
+from typing import Dict, Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set
-from zipfile import ZipFile
 
 import bracex
 import certifi
-from filelock import FileLock
+import toml
-from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
-from packaging.utils import parse_wheel_filename
 from packaging.version import Version
-from platformdirs import user_cache_path
 
-from ._compat import tomllib
 from .architecture import Architecture
+from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
 from .typing import PathOrStr, PlatformName
 
-__all__ = [
+resources_dir = Path(__file__).parent / "resources"
-    "MANYLINUX_ARCHS",
-    "call",
-    "chdir",
-    "combine_constraints",
-    "find_compatible_wheel",
-    "find_uv",
-    "format_safe",
-    "get_build_verbosity_extra_flags",
-    "prepare_command",
-    "read_python_configs",
-    "resources_dir",
-    "selector_matches",
-    "shell",
-    "split_config_settings",
-    "strtobool",
-]
 
-resources_dir: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent / "resources"
+get_pip_script = resources_dir / "get-pip.py"
-
+install_certifi_script = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
-install_certifi_script: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
-
-free_thread_enable_313: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "free-threaded-enable-313.xml"
-
-test_fail_cwd_file: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "testing_temp_dir_file.py"
-
-
-MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
-    "x86_64",
-    "i686",
-    "pypy_x86_64",
-    "aarch64",
-    "ppc64le",
-    "s390x",
-    "pypy_aarch64",
-    "pypy_i686",
-)
-
-MUSLLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
-    "x86_64",
-    "i686",
-    "aarch64",
-    "ppc64le",
-    "s390x",
-)
-
-DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
-CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
-    os.environ.get("CIBW_CACHE_PATH", DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH)
-).resolve()
-
-IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
-
-
-@typing.overload
-def call(
-    *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
-    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
-    capture_stdout: Literal[False] = ...,
-) -> None: ...
-
-
-@typing.overload
-def call(
-    *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
-    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
-    capture_stdout: Literal[True],
-) -> str: ...
-
-
-def call(
-    *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
-    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
-    capture_stdout: bool = False,
-) -> str | None:
-    """
-    Run subprocess.run, but print the commands first. Takes the commands as
-    *args. Uses shell=True on Windows due to a bug. Also converts to
-    Paths to strings, due to Windows behavior at least on older Pythons.
-    https://bugs.python.org/issue8557
-    """
-    args_ = [str(arg) for arg in args]
-    # print the command executing for the logs
-    print("+ " + " ".join(shlex.quote(a) for a in args_))
-    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
-    if capture_stdout:
-        kwargs["universal_newlines"] = True
-        kwargs["stdout"] = subprocess.PIPE
-    result = subprocess.run(args_, check=True, shell=IS_WIN, env=env, cwd=cwd, **kwargs)
-    if not capture_stdout:
-        return None
-    return typing.cast(str, result.stdout)
-
-
-def shell(
-    *commands: str, env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None, cwd: PathOrStr | None = None
-) -> None:
-    command = " ".join(commands)
-    print(f"+ {command}")
-    subprocess.run(command, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
-
-
-def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
-    """
-    Works similarly to `template.format(**kwargs)`, except that unmatched
-    fields in `template` are passed through untouched.
-
-    >>> format_safe('{a} {b}', a='123')
-    '123 {b}'
-    >>> format_safe('{a} {b[4]:3f}', a='123')
-    '123 {b[4]:3f}'
-
-    To avoid variable expansion, precede with a single backslash e.g.
-    >>> format_safe('\\{a} {b}', a='123')
-    '{a} {b}'
-    """
-
-    result = template
-
-    for key, value in kwargs.items():
-        find_pattern = re.compile(
-            rf"""
-                (?<!\#)  # don't match if preceded by a hash
-                {{  # literal open curly bracket
-                {re.escape(key)}  # the field name
-                }}  # literal close curly bracket
-            """,
-            re.VERBOSE,
-        )
-
-        result = re.sub(
-            pattern=find_pattern,
-            repl=str(value).replace("\\", r"\\"),
-            string=result,
-        )
-
-        # transform escaped sequences into their literal equivalents
-        result = result.replace(f"#{{{key}}}", f"{{{key}}}")
-
-    return result
 
 
 def prepare_command(command: str, **kwargs: PathOrStr) -> str:
@@ -189,12 +33,12 @@ def prepare_command(command: str, **kwargs: PathOrStr) -> str:
     Preprocesses a command by expanding variables like {python}.
 
     For example, used in the test_command option to specify the path to the
-    project's root. Unmatched syntax will mostly be allowed through.
+    project's root.
     """
-    return format_safe(command, python="python", pip="pip", **kwargs)
+    return command.format(python="python", pip="pip", **kwargs)
 
 
-def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> list[str]:
+def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> List[str]:
     if level > 0:
         return ["-" + level * "v"]
     elif level < 0:
@@ -203,39 +47,14 @@ def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> list[str]:
         return []
 
 
-def split_config_settings(
+def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
-    config_settings: str, frontend: Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]"]
-) -> list[str]:
-    config_settings_list = shlex.split(config_settings)
-    s = "s" if frontend == "pip" else ""
-    return [f"--config-setting{s}={setting}" for setting in config_settings_list]
-
-
-def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
     input_file = resources_dir / "build-platforms.toml"
-    with input_file.open("rb") as f:
+    loaded_file = toml.load(input_file)
-        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
+    results: List[Dict[str, str]] = list(loaded_file[config]["python_configurations"])
-    results: list[dict[str, str]] = list(loaded_file[config]["python_configurations"])
     return results
 
 
-def selector_matches(patterns: str, string: str) -> bool:
+class IdentifierSelector:
-    """
-    Returns True if `string` is matched by any of the wildcard patterns in
-    `patterns`.
-
-    Matching is according to fnmatch, but with shell-like curly brace
-    expansion. For example, 'cp{36,37}-*' would match either of 'cp36-*' or
-    'cp37-*'.
-    """
-    patterns_list = patterns.split()
-    expanded_patterns = itertools.chain.from_iterable(bracex.expand(p) for p in patterns_list)
-    return any(fnmatch.fnmatch(string, pat) for pat in expanded_patterns)
-
-
-# Once we require Python 3.10+, we can add kw_only=True
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class BuildSelector:
     """
     This class holds a set of build/skip patterns. You call an instance with a
     build identifier, and it returns True if that identifier should be
@@ -243,81 +62,64 @@ class BuildSelector:
     numeric digits before the first dash.
     """
 
-    build_config: str
+    def __init__(
-    skip_config: str
+        self, *, build_config: str, skip_config: str, requires_python: Optional[SpecifierSet] = None
-    requires_python: SpecifierSet | None = None
+    ):
-
+        self.build_patterns = build_config.split()
-    # a pattern that skips prerelease versions, when include_prereleases is False.
+        self.skip_patterns = skip_config.split()
-    PRERELEASE_SKIP: ClassVar[str] = ""
+        self.requires_python = requires_python
-    prerelease_pythons: bool = False
-
-    free_threaded_support: bool = False
 
     def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
         # Filter build selectors by python_requires if set
         if self.requires_python is not None:
             py_ver_str = build_id.split("-")[0]
-            if py_ver_str.endswith("t"):
-                py_ver_str = py_ver_str[:-1]
             major = int(py_ver_str[2])
             minor = int(py_ver_str[3:])
             version = Version(f"{major}.{minor}.99")
             if not self.requires_python.contains(version):
                 return False
 
-        # filter out the prerelease pythons if self.prerelease_pythons is False
+        build_patterns = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
-        if not self.prerelease_pythons and selector_matches(self.PRERELEASE_SKIP, build_id):
+            bracex.expand(p) for p in self.build_patterns
-            return False
+        )
+        skip_patterns = itertools.chain.from_iterable(bracex.expand(p) for p in self.skip_patterns)
 
-        # filter out free threaded pythons if self.free_threaded_support is False
+        build: bool = any(fnmatch.fnmatch(build_id, pat) for pat in build_patterns)
-        if not self.free_threaded_support and selector_matches("*t-*", build_id):
+        skip: bool = any(fnmatch.fnmatch(build_id, pat) for pat in skip_patterns)
-            return False
+        return build and not skip
 
-        should_build = selector_matches(self.build_config, build_id)
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
+        if not self.skip_patterns:
-
+            return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({" ".join(self.build_patterns)!r})'
-        return should_build and not should_skip
+        else:
-
+            return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({" ".join(self.build_patterns)!r} - {" ".join(self.skip_patterns)!r})'
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
-        return {
-            "build_config": self.build_config,
-            "skip_config": self.skip_config,
-            "requires_python": str(self.requires_python),
-            "prerelease_pythons": self.prerelease_pythons,
-            "free_threaded_support": self.free_threaded_support,
-        }
 
 
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BuildSelector(IdentifierSelector):
-class TestSelector:
+    pass
-    """
-    A build selector that can only skip tests according to a skip pattern.
-    """
 
-    skip_config: str
 
-    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
+# Note that requires-python is not needed for TestSelector, as you can't test
-        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
+# what you can't build.
-        return not should_skip
+class TestSelector(IdentifierSelector):
-
+    def __init__(self, *, skip_config: str):
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
+        super().__init__(build_config="*", skip_config=skip_config)
-        return {"skip_config": self.skip_config}
 
 
 # Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/107717
 class Unbuffered:
-    def __init__(self, stream: TextIO) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, stream):  # type: ignore
         self.stream = stream
 
-    def write(self, data: str) -> None:
+    def write(self, data):  # type: ignore
         self.stream.write(data)
         self.stream.flush()
 
-    def writelines(self, data: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+    def writelines(self, datas):  # type: ignore
-        self.stream.writelines(data)
+        self.stream.writelines(datas)
         self.stream.flush()
 
-    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):  # type: ignore
         return getattr(self.stream, attr)
 
 
@@ -334,63 +136,18 @@ def download(url: str, dest: Path) -> None:
     repeat_num = 3
     for i in range(repeat_num):
         try:
-            with urllib.request.urlopen(url, context=context) as response:
+            response = urllib.request.urlopen(url, context=context)
-                dest.write_bytes(response.read())
+        except Exception:
-                return
-
-        except OSError:
             if i == repeat_num - 1:
                 raise
             sleep(3)
+            continue
+        break
 
-
+    try:
-def extract_zip(zip_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
+        dest.write_bytes(response.read())
-    with ZipFile(zip_src) as zip_:
+    finally:
-        for zinfo in zip_.filelist:
+        response.close()
-            zip_.extract(zinfo, dest)
-
-            # Set permissions to the same values as they were set in the archive
-            # We have to do this manually due to
-            # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/59999
-            # But some files in the zipfile seem to have external_attr with 0
-            # permissions. In that case just use the default value???
-            permissions = (zinfo.external_attr >> 16) & 0o777
-            if permissions != 0:
-                dest.joinpath(zinfo.filename).chmod(permissions)
-
-
-def extract_tar(tar_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
-    with tarfile.open(tar_src) as tar_:
-        tar_.extraction_filter = getattr(tarfile, "tar_filter", (lambda member, _: member))
-        tar_.extractall(dest)
-
-
-def move_file(src_file: Path, dst_file: Path) -> Path:
-    """Moves a file safely while avoiding potential semantic confusion:
-
-    1. `dst_file` must point to the target filename, not a directory
-    2. `dst_file` will be overwritten if it already exists
-    3. any missing parent directories will be created
-
-    Returns the fully resolved Path of the resulting file.
-
-    Raises:
-        NotADirectoryError: If any part of the intermediate path to `dst_file` is an existing file
-        IsADirectoryError: If `dst_file` points directly to an existing directory
-    """
-    src_file = src_file.resolve(strict=True)
-    dst_file = dst_file.resolve()
-
-    if dst_file.is_dir():
-        msg = "dst_file must be a valid target filename, not an existing directory."
-        raise IsADirectoryError(msg)
-    dst_file.unlink(missing_ok=True)
-    dst_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    # using shutil.move() as Path.rename() is not guaranteed to work across filesystem boundaries
-    # explicit str() needed for Python 3.8
-    resulting_file = shutil.move(str(src_file), str(dst_file))
-    return Path(resulting_file).resolve(strict=True)
 
 
 class DependencyConstraints:
@@ -399,67 +156,60 @@ class DependencyConstraints:
         self.base_file_path = base_file_path.resolve()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def with_defaults() -> DependencyConstraints:
+    def with_defaults() -> "DependencyConstraints":
         return DependencyConstraints(base_file_path=resources_dir / "constraints.txt")
 
-    def get_for_python_version(
+    def get_for_python_version(self, version: str) -> Path:
-        self, version: str, *, variant: Literal["python", "pyodide"] = "python"
-    ) -> Path:
         version_parts = version.split(".")
 
         # try to find a version-specific dependency file e.g. if
-        # ./constraints.txt is the base, look for ./constraints-python36.txt
+        # ./constraints.txt is the base, look for ./constraints-python27.txt
-        specific_stem = self.base_file_path.stem + f"-{variant}{version_parts[0]}{version_parts[1]}"
+        specific_stem = self.base_file_path.stem + f"-python{version_parts[0]}{version_parts[1]}"
         specific_name = specific_stem + self.base_file_path.suffix
         specific_file_path = self.base_file_path.with_name(specific_name)
-
         if specific_file_path.exists():
             return specific_file_path
         else:
             return self.base_file_path
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.base_file_path!r})"
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}{self.base_file_path!r})"
-
-    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> bool:
-        if not isinstance(o, DependencyConstraints):
-            return False
-
-        return self.base_file_path == o.base_file_path
-
-    def options_summary(self) -> Any:
-        if self == DependencyConstraints.with_defaults():
-            return "pinned"
-        else:
-            return self.base_file_path.name
 
 
-BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]"]
+class BuildOptions(NamedTuple):
+    package_dir: Path
+    output_dir: Path
+    build_selector: BuildSelector
+    architectures: Set[Architecture]
+    environment: ParsedEnvironment
+    before_all: str
+    before_build: Optional[str]
+    repair_command: str
+    manylinux_images: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
+    dependency_constraints: Optional[DependencyConstraints]
+    test_command: Optional[str]
+    test_selector: TestSelector
+    before_test: Optional[str]
+    test_requires: List[str]
+    test_extras: str
+    build_verbosity: int
 
 
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class NonPlatformWheelError(Exception):
-class BuildFrontendConfig:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
-    name: BuildFrontendName
+        message = textwrap.dedent(
-    args: Sequence[str] = ()
+            """
+            cibuildwheel: Build failed because a pure Python wheel was generated.
 
-    @staticmethod
+            If you intend to build a pure-Python wheel, you don't need cibuildwheel - use
-    def from_config_string(config_string: str) -> BuildFrontendConfig:
+            `pip wheel -w DEST_DIR .` instead.
-        config_dict = parse_key_value_string(config_string, ["name"], ["args"])
-        name = " ".join(config_dict["name"])
-        if name not in {"pip", "build", "build[uv]"}:
-            msg = f"Unrecognised build frontend {name!r}, only 'pip', 'build', and 'build[uv]' are supported"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
 
-        name = typing.cast(BuildFrontendName, name)
+            If you expected a platform wheel, check your project configuration, or run
+            cibuildwheel with CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY=1 to view build logs.
+            """
+        )
 
-        args = config_dict.get("args") or []
+        super().__init__(message)
-        return BuildFrontendConfig(name=name, args=args)
-
-    def options_summary(self) -> str | dict[str, str]:
-        if not self.args:
-            return self.name
-        else:
-            return {"name": self.name, "args": repr(self.args)}
 
 
 def strtobool(val: str) -> bool:
@@ -473,11 +223,10 @@ class CIProvider(Enum):
     azure_pipelines = "azure_pipelines"
     github_actions = "github_actions"
     gitlab = "gitlab"
-    cirrus_ci = "cirrus_ci"
     other = "other"
 
 
-def detect_ci_provider() -> CIProvider | None:
+def detect_ci_provider() -> Optional[CIProvider]:
     if "TRAVIS" in os.environ:
         return CIProvider.travis_ci
     elif "APPVEYOR" in os.environ:
@@ -490,8 +239,6 @@ def detect_ci_provider() -> CIProvider | None:
         return CIProvider.github_actions
     elif "GITLAB_CI" in os.environ:
         return CIProvider.gitlab
-    elif "CIRRUS_CI" in os.environ:
-        return CIProvider.cirrus_ci
     elif strtobool(os.environ.get("CI", "false")):
         return CIProvider.other
     else:
@@ -510,14 +257,8 @@ def unwrap(text: str) -> str:
     return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text)
 
 
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class FileReport:
-    name: str
-    size: str
-
-
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Iterator[None]:
     """
     Prints the new items in a directory upon exiting. The message to display
     can include {n} for number of wheels, {s} for total number of seconds,
@@ -529,373 +270,8 @@ def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
     existing_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
     yield
     final_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
-
+    new_contents = final_contents - existing_contents
-    new_contents = [
-        FileReport(wheel.name, f"{(wheel.stat().st_size + 1023) // 1024:,d}")
-        for wheel in final_contents - existing_contents
-    ]
-
-    if not new_contents:
-        return
-
-    max_name_len = max(len(f.name) for f in new_contents)
-    max_size_len = max(len(f.size) for f in new_contents)
     n = len(new_contents)
     s = time.time() - start_time
     m = s / 60
-    print(
+    print(msg.format(n=n, s=s, m=m), *sorted(f"  {f.name}" for f in new_contents), sep="\n")
-        msg.format(n=n, s=s, m=m),
-        *sorted(
-            f"  {f.name:<{max_name_len}s}   {f.size:>{max_size_len}s} kB" for f in new_contents
-        ),
-        sep="\n",
-    )
-
-
-def get_pip_version(env: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
-    versions_output_text = call(
-        "python", "-m", "pip", "freeze", "--all", capture_stdout=True, env=env
-    )
-    (pip_version,) = (
-        version[5:]
-        for version in versions_output_text.strip().splitlines()
-        if version.startswith("pip==")
-    )
-    return pip_version
-
-
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-def ensure_node(major_version: str) -> Path:
-    input_file = resources_dir / "nodejs.toml"
-    with input_file.open("rb") as f:
-        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
-    version = str(loaded_file[major_version])
-    base_url = str(loaded_file["url"])
-    ext = "zip" if IS_WIN else "tar.xz"
-    platform = "win" if IS_WIN else ("darwin" if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") else "linux")
-    linux_arch = Architecture.native_arch("linux")
-    assert linux_arch is not None
-    arch = {"x86_64": "x64", "i686": "x86", "aarch64": "arm64"}.get(
-        linux_arch.value, linux_arch.value
-    )
-    name = f"node-{version}-{platform}-{arch}"
-    path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / name
-    with FileLock(str(path) + ".lock"):
-        if not path.exists():
-            url = f"{base_url}{version}/{name}.{ext}"
-            with TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_path:
-                archive = Path(tmp_path) / f"{name}.{ext}"
-                download(url, archive)
-                if ext == "zip":
-                    extract_zip(archive, path.parent)
-                else:
-                    extract_tar(archive, path.parent)
-    assert path.exists()
-    if not IS_WIN:
-        return path / "bin"
-    return path
-
-
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-def _ensure_virtualenv(version: str) -> Path:
-    version_parts = version.split(".")
-    key = f"py{version_parts[0]}{version_parts[1]}"
-    input_file = resources_dir / "virtualenv.toml"
-    with input_file.open("rb") as f:
-        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
-    configuration = loaded_file.get(key, loaded_file["default"])
-    version = str(configuration["version"])
-    url = str(configuration["url"])
-    path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"virtualenv-{version}.pyz"
-    with FileLock(str(path) + ".lock"):
-        if not path.exists():
-            download(url, path)
-    return path
-
-
-def _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(
-    seed_packages: list[str],
-    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
-) -> dict[str, str]:
-    """
-    Parses the constraints file referenced by `dependency_constraint_flags` and returns a dict where
-    the key is the package name, and the value is the constraint version.
-    If a package version cannot be found, its value is "embed" meaning that virtualenv will install
-    its bundled version, already available locally.
-    The function does not try to be too smart and just handles basic constraints.
-    If it can't get an exact version, the real constraint will be handled by the
-    {macos|windows}.setup_python function.
-    """
-    assert len(dependency_constraint_flags) in {0, 2}
-    # only seed pip if other seed packages do not appear in a constraint file
-    constraints_dict = {"pip": "embed"}
-    if len(dependency_constraint_flags) == 2:
-        assert dependency_constraint_flags[0] == "-c"
-        constraint_path = Path(dependency_constraint_flags[1])
-        assert constraint_path.exists()
-        with constraint_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as constraint_file:
-            for line_ in constraint_file:
-                line = line_.strip()
-                if not line:
-                    continue
-                if line.startswith("#"):
-                    continue
-                try:
-                    requirement = Requirement(line)
-                    package = requirement.name
-                    if (
-                        package not in seed_packages
-                        or requirement.url is not None
-                        or requirement.marker is not None
-                        or len(requirement.extras) != 0
-                        or len(requirement.specifier) != 1
-                    ):
-                        continue
-                    specifier = next(iter(requirement.specifier))
-                    if specifier.operator != "==":
-                        continue
-                    constraints_dict[package] = specifier.version
-                except InvalidRequirement:
-                    continue
-    return constraints_dict
-
-
-def virtualenv(
-    version: str,
-    python: Path,
-    venv_path: Path,
-    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
-    *,
-    use_uv: bool,
-) -> dict[str, str]:
-    """
-    Create a virtual environment. If `use_uv` is True,
-    dependency_constraint_flags are ignored since nothing is installed in the
-    venv. Otherwise, pip is installed, and setuptools + wheel if Python < 3.12.
-    """
-    assert python.exists()
-
-    if use_uv:
-        call("uv", "venv", venv_path, "--python", python)
-    else:
-        virtualenv_app = _ensure_virtualenv(version)
-        allowed_seed_packages = ["pip", "setuptools", "wheel"]
-        constraints = _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(
-            allowed_seed_packages, dependency_constraint_flags
-        )
-        additional_flags: list[str] = []
-        for package in allowed_seed_packages:
-            if package in constraints:
-                additional_flags.append(f"--{package}={constraints[package]}")
-            else:
-                additional_flags.append(f"--no-{package}")
-
-        # Using symlinks to pre-installed seed packages is really the fastest way to get a virtual
-        # environment. The initial cost is a bit higher but reusing is much faster.
-        # Windows does not always allow symlinks so just disabling for now.
-        # Requires pip>=19.3 so disabling for "embed" because this means we don't know what's the
-        # version of pip that will end-up installed.
-        # c.f. https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/cli_interface.html#section-seeder
-        if (
-            not IS_WIN
-            and constraints["pip"] != "embed"
-            and Version(constraints["pip"]) >= Version("19.3")
-        ):
-            additional_flags.append("--symlink-app-data")
-
-        call(
-            sys.executable,
-            "-sS",  # just the stdlib, https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/2133#issuecomment-1003710125
-            virtualenv_app,
-            "--activators=",
-            "--no-periodic-update",
-            *additional_flags,
-            "--python",
-            python,
-            venv_path,
-        )
-
-    paths = [str(venv_path), str(venv_path / "Scripts")] if IS_WIN else [str(venv_path / "bin")]
-    env = os.environ.copy()
-    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([*paths, env["PATH"]])
-    env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_path)
-    return env
-
-
-T = TypeVar("T", bound=PurePath)
-
-
-def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
-    """
-    Finds a wheel with an abi3 or a none ABI tag in `wheels` compatible with the Python interpreter
-    specified by `identifier` that is previously built.
-    """
-
-    interpreter, platform = identifier.split("-")
-    free_threaded = interpreter.endswith("t")
-    if free_threaded:
-        interpreter = interpreter[:-1]
-    for wheel in wheels:
-        _, _, _, tags = parse_wheel_filename(wheel.name)
-        for tag in tags:
-            if tag.abi == "abi3" and not free_threaded:
-                # ABI3 wheels must start with cp3 for impl and tag
-                if not (interpreter.startswith("cp3") and tag.interpreter.startswith("cp3")):
-                    continue
-            elif tag.abi == "none":
-                # CPythonless wheels must include py3 tag
-                if tag.interpreter[:3] != "py3":
-                    continue
-            else:
-                # Other types of wheels are not detected, this is looking for previously built wheels.
-                continue
-
-            if tag.interpreter != "py3" and int(tag.interpreter[3:]) > int(interpreter[3:]):
-                # If a minor version number is given, it has to be lower than the current one.
-                continue
-
-            if platform.startswith(("manylinux", "musllinux", "macosx")):
-                # Linux, macOS require the beginning and ending match (macos/manylinux version doesn't need to)
-                os_, arch = platform.split("_", 1)
-                if not tag.platform.startswith(os_):
-                    continue
-                if not tag.platform.endswith(f"_{arch}"):
-                    continue
-            else:
-                # Windows should exactly match
-                if tag.platform != platform:
-                    continue
-
-            # If all the filters above pass, then the wheel is a previously built compatible wheel.
-            return wheel
-
-    return None
-
-
-# Can be replaced by contextlib.chdir in Python 3.11
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def chdir(new_path: Path | str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
-    """Non thread-safe context manager to change the current working directory."""
-
-    cwd = os.getcwd()
-    try:
-        os.chdir(new_path)
-        yield
-    finally:
-        os.chdir(cwd)
-
-
-def fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions(text: str) -> str:
-    """
-    Github Actions forgets the current ANSI style on every new line. This
-    function repeats the current ANSI style on every new line.
-    """
-    ansi_code_regex = re.compile(r"(\033\[[0-9;]*m)")
-    ansi_codes: list[str] = []
-    output = ""
-
-    for line in text.splitlines(keepends=True):
-        # add the current ANSI codes to the beginning of the line
-        output += "".join(ansi_codes) + line
-
-        # split the line at each ANSI code
-        parts = ansi_code_regex.split(line)
-        # if there are any ANSI codes, save them
-        if len(parts) > 1:
-            # iterate over the ANSI codes in this line
-            for code in parts[1::2]:
-                if code == "\033[0m":
-                    # reset the list of ANSI codes when the clear code is found
-                    ansi_codes = []
-                else:
-                    ansi_codes.append(code)
-
-    return output
-
-
-def parse_key_value_string(
-    key_value_string: str,
-    positional_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
-    kw_arg_names: Sequence[str] | None = None,
-) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
-    """
-    Parses a string like "docker; create_args: --some-option=value another-option"
-    """
-    if positional_arg_names is None:
-        positional_arg_names = []
-    if kw_arg_names is None:
-        kw_arg_names = []
-
-    all_field_names = [*positional_arg_names, *kw_arg_names]
-
-    shlexer = shlex.shlex(key_value_string, posix=True, punctuation_chars=";")
-    shlexer.commenters = ""
-    shlexer.whitespace_split = True
-    parts = list(shlexer)
-    # parts now looks like
-    # ['docker', ';', 'create_args:', '--some-option=value', 'another-option']
-
-    # split by semicolon
-    fields = [list(group) for k, group in itertools.groupby(parts, lambda x: x == ";") if not k]
-
-    result: defaultdict[str, list[str]] = defaultdict(list)
-    for field_i, field in enumerate(fields):
-        # check to see if the option name is specified
-        field_name, sep, first_value = field[0].partition(":")
-        if sep:
-            if field_name not in all_field_names:
-                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Unknown field name {field_name!r}"
-                raise ValueError(msg)
-
-            values = ([first_value] if first_value else []) + field[1:]
-        else:
-            try:
-                field_name = positional_arg_names[field_i]
-            except IndexError:
-                msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Too many positional arguments - expected a maximum of {len(positional_arg_names)}"
-                raise ValueError(msg) from None
-
-            values = field
-
-        result[field_name] += values
-
-    return dict(result)
-
-
-def find_uv() -> Path | None:
-    # Prefer uv in our environment
-    with contextlib.suppress(ImportError, FileNotFoundError):
-        # pylint: disable-next=import-outside-toplevel
-        from uv import find_uv_bin
-
-        return Path(find_uv_bin())
-
-    uv_on_path = shutil.which("uv")
-    return Path(uv_on_path) if uv_on_path else None
-
-
-def combine_constraints(
-    env: MutableMapping[str, str], /, constraints_path: Path, tmp_dir: Path | None
-) -> None:
-    """
-    This will workaround a bug in pip<=21.1.1 or uv<=0.2.0 if a tmp_dir is given.
-    If set to None, this will use the modern URI method.
-    """
-
-    if tmp_dir:
-        if " " in str(constraints_path):
-            assert " " not in str(tmp_dir)
-            tmp_file = tmp_dir / "constraints.txt"
-            tmp_file.write_bytes(constraints_path.read_bytes())
-            constraints_path = tmp_file
-        our_constraints = str(constraints_path)
-    else:
-        our_constraints = (
-            constraints_path.as_uri() if " " in str(constraints_path) else str(constraints_path)
-        )
-
-    user_constraints = env.get("PIP_CONSTRAINT")
-
-    env["UV_CONSTRAINT"] = env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = " ".join(
-        c for c in [our_constraints, user_constraints] if c
-    )

cibuildwheel/windows.py

@@ -1,90 +1,88 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import os
-import platform as platform_module
 import shutil
 import subprocess
-import textwrap
+import sys
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Sequence, Set
+import tempfile
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence, Set
+from zipfile import ZipFile
 
-from filelock import FileLock
+import toml
-from packaging.version import Version
 
-from . import errors
-from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
 from .logger import log
-from .options import Options
 from .typing import PathOrStr
 from .util import (
-    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    BuildOptions,
-    BuildFrontendConfig,
-    BuildFrontendName,
     BuildSelector,
-    call,
+    NonPlatformWheelError,
-    combine_constraints,
     download,
-    extract_zip,
-    find_compatible_wheel,
-    find_uv,
     get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
-    get_pip_version,
+    get_pip_script,
-    move_file,
     prepare_command,
     read_python_configs,
-    shell,
-    split_config_settings,
-    test_fail_cwd_file,
-    unwrap,
-    virtualenv,
 )
 
+IS_RUNNING_ON_AZURE = Path("C:\\hostedtoolcache").exists()
 
-def get_nuget_args(
+
-    version: str, arch: str, free_threaded: bool, output_directory: Path
+def call(
-) -> list[str]:
+    args: Sequence[PathOrStr], env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, cwd: Optional[str] = None
-    package_name = {
+) -> None:
-        "32": "pythonx86",
+    print("+ " + " ".join(str(a) for a in args))
-        "64": "python",
+    # we use shell=True here, even though we don't need a shell due to a bug
-        "ARM64": "pythonarm64",
+    # https://bugs.python.org/issue8557
-        # Aliases for platform.machine() return values
+    subprocess.run([str(a) for a in args], env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
-        "x86": "pythonx86",
+
-        "AMD64": "python",
+
-    }[arch]
+def shell(command: str, env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, cwd: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
-    if free_threaded:
+    print(f"+ {command}")
-        package_name = f"{package_name}-freethreaded"
+    subprocess.run(command, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
+
+
+def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str) -> List[str]:
+    python_name = "python" if version[0] == "3" else "python2"
+    if arch == "32":
+        python_name += "x86"
     return [
-        package_name,
+        python_name,
         "-Version",
         version,
         "-FallbackSource",
         "https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json",
         "-OutputDirectory",
-        str(output_directory),
+        "C:\\cibw\\python",
     ]
 
 
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
-class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
     arch: str
     identifier: str
-    url: str | None = None
+    url: Optional[str] = None
 
 
 def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector,
     architectures: Set[Architecture],
-) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
+) -> List[PythonConfiguration]:
+
     full_python_configs = read_python_configs("windows")
 
     python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
 
-    map_arch = {"32": Architecture.x86, "64": Architecture.AMD64, "ARM64": Architecture.ARM64}
+    map_arch = {
+        "32": Architecture.x86,
+        "64": Architecture.AMD64,
+    }
+
+    # Only supported with custom compiler, since MS removed the 2008 compiler download
+    custom_compiler = os.environ.get("DISTUTILS_USE_SDK") and os.environ.get("MSSdk")
+    if not custom_compiler:
+        python_configurations = [
+            c for c in python_configurations if not c.version.startswith("2.7")
+        ]
 
     # skip builds as required
     python_configurations = [
@@ -96,392 +94,236 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     return python_configurations
 
 
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def extract_zip(zip_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
-def _ensure_nuget() -> Path:
+    with ZipFile(zip_src) as zip:
-    nuget = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "nuget.exe"
+        zip.extractall(dest)
-    with FileLock(str(nuget) + ".lock"):
-        if not nuget.exists():
-            download("https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe", nuget)
-    return nuget
 
 
-def install_cpython(configuration: PythonConfiguration, arch: str | None = None) -> Path:
+def install_cpython(version: str, arch: str, nuget: Path) -> Path:
-    version = configuration.version
+    nuget_args = get_nuget_args(version, arch)
-    free_threaded = "t-" in configuration.identifier
+    installation_path = Path(nuget_args[-1]) / (nuget_args[0] + "." + version) / "tools"
-    if arch is None:
+    call([nuget, "install", *nuget_args])
-        arch = configuration.arch
+    return installation_path
-    base_output_dir = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "nuget-cpython"
-    nuget_args = get_nuget_args(version, arch, free_threaded, base_output_dir)
-    installation_path = base_output_dir / (nuget_args[0] + "." + version) / "tools"
-    free_threaded_str = "-freethreaded" if free_threaded else ""
-    with FileLock(str(base_output_dir) + f"-{version}{free_threaded_str}-{arch}.lock"):
-        if not installation_path.exists():
-            nuget = _ensure_nuget()
-            call(nuget, "install", *nuget_args)
-    return installation_path / "python.exe"
 
 
-def install_pypy(tmp: Path, arch: str, url: str) -> Path:
+def install_pypy(version: str, arch: str, url: str) -> Path:
-    assert arch == "64"
+    assert arch == "32"
-    assert "win64" in url
     # Inside the PyPy zip file is a directory with the same name
     zip_filename = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
     extension = ".zip"
     assert zip_filename.endswith(extension)
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / zip_filename[: -len(extension)]
+    installation_path = Path("C:\\cibw") / zip_filename[: -len(extension)]
-    with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
     if not installation_path.exists():
-            pypy_zip = tmp / zip_filename
+        pypy_zip = Path("C:\\cibw") / zip_filename
         download(url, pypy_zip)
         # Extract to the parent directory because the zip file still contains a directory
         extract_zip(pypy_zip, installation_path.parent)
-    return installation_path / "python.exe"
+        pypy_exe = "pypy3.exe" if version[0] == "3" else "pypy.exe"
-
+        (installation_path / "python.exe").symlink_to(installation_path / pypy_exe)
-
+    return installation_path
-def setup_setuptools_cross_compile(
-    tmp: Path,
-    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
-    python_libs_base: Path,
-    env: MutableMapping[str, str],
-) -> None:
-    distutils_cfg = tmp / "extra-setup.cfg"
-    env["DIST_EXTRA_CONFIG"] = str(distutils_cfg)
-    log.notice(f"Setting DIST_EXTRA_CONFIG={distutils_cfg} for cross-compilation")
-
-    # Ensure our additional import libraries are made available, and explicitly
-    # set the platform name
-    map_plat = {"32": "win32", "64": "win-amd64", "ARM64": "win-arm64"}
-    plat_name = map_plat[python_configuration.arch]
-
-    # Set environment variable so that setuptools._distutils.get_platform()
-    # identifies the target, not the host
-    vscmd_arg_tgt_arch = {"32": "x86", "64": "x64", "ARM64": "arm64"}
-    current_tgt_arch = vscmd_arg_tgt_arch[python_configuration.arch]
-    if (env.get("VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH") or current_tgt_arch) != current_tgt_arch:
-        msg = f"VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH must be set to {current_tgt_arch!r}, got {env['VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH']!r}. If you're setting up MSVC yourself (e.g. using vcvarsall.bat or msvc-dev-cmd), make sure to target the right architecture. Alternatively, run cibuildwheel without configuring MSVC, and let the build backend handle it."
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    env["VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH"] = current_tgt_arch
-
-    # (This file must be default/locale encoding, so we can't pass 'encoding')
-    distutils_cfg.write_text(
-        textwrap.dedent(
-            f"""\
-            [build]
-            plat_name={plat_name}
-            [build_ext]
-            library_dirs={python_libs_base}
-            plat_name={plat_name}
-            [bdist_wheel]
-            plat_name={plat_name}
-            """
-        )
-    )
-
-    # setuptools builds require explicit override of PYD extension
-    # This is because it always gets the extension from the running
-    # interpreter, and has no logic to construct it. Currently, CPython's
-    # extensions follow our identifiers, but if they ever diverge in the
-    # future, we will need to store new data
-    log.notice(
-        f"Setting SETUPTOOLS_EXT_SUFFIX=.{python_configuration.identifier}.pyd for cross-compilation"
-    )
-    env["SETUPTOOLS_EXT_SUFFIX"] = f".{python_configuration.identifier}.pyd"
-
-    # Cross-compilation requires fixes that only exist in setuptools's copy of
-    # distutils, so ensure that it is activated
-    # Since not all projects can handle the newer distutils, display a warning
-    # to help them figure out what may have gone wrong if this breaks for them
-    log.notice("Setting SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=local as it is required for cross-compilation")
-    env["SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS"] = "local"
-
-
-# These cross-compile setup functions have the same signature by design
-def setup_rust_cross_compile(
-    tmp: Path,  # noqa: ARG001
-    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
-    python_libs_base: Path,  # noqa: ARG001
-    env: MutableMapping[str, str],
-) -> None:
-    # Assume that MSVC will be used, because we already know that we are
-    # cross-compiling. MinGW users can set CARGO_BUILD_TARGET themselves
-    # and we will respect the existing value.
-    cargo_target = {
-        "64": "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
-        "32": "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
-        "ARM64": "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc",
-    }.get(python_configuration.arch)
-
-    # CARGO_BUILD_TARGET is the variable used by Cargo and setuptools_rust
-    if env.get("CARGO_BUILD_TARGET"):
-        if env["CARGO_BUILD_TARGET"] != cargo_target:
-            log.notice("Not overriding CARGO_BUILD_TARGET as it has already been set")
-        # No message if it was set to what we were planning to set it to
-    elif cargo_target:
-        log.notice(f"Setting CARGO_BUILD_TARGET={cargo_target} for cross-compilation")
-        env["CARGO_BUILD_TARGET"] = cargo_target
-    else:
-        log.warning(
-            f"Unable to configure Rust cross-compilation for architecture {python_configuration.arch}"
-        )
 
 
 def setup_python(
-    tmp: Path,
     python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
     dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
     environment: ParsedEnvironment,
-    build_frontend: BuildFrontendName,
+) -> Dict[str, str]:
-) -> tuple[Path, dict[str, str]]:
+    nuget = Path("C:\\cibw\\nuget.exe")
-    tmp.mkdir()
+    if not nuget.exists():
+        log.step("Downloading nuget...")
+        download("https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe", nuget)
+
     implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
-    python_libs_base = None
     log.step(f"Installing Python {implementation_id}...")
+
     if implementation_id.startswith("cp"):
-        native_arch = platform_module.machine()
+        installation_path = install_cpython(
-        base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration)
+            python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch, nuget
-        if python_configuration.arch == "ARM64" != native_arch:
+        )
-            # To cross-compile for ARM64, we need a native CPython to run the
-            # build, and a copy of the ARM64 import libraries ('.\libs\*.lib')
-            # for any extension modules.
-            python_libs_base = base_python.parent / "libs"
-            log.step(f"Installing native Python {native_arch} for cross-compilation...")
-            base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration, arch=native_arch)
     elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
         assert python_configuration.url is not None
-        base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.arch, python_configuration.url)
+        installation_path = install_pypy(
-    else:
+            python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch, python_configuration.url
-        msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
-        raise ValueError(msg)
-    assert base_python.exists()
-
-    use_uv = (
-        build_frontend == "build[uv]"
-        and Version(python_configuration.version) >= Version("3.8")
-        and not python_configuration.identifier.startswith("pp38-")
         )
-    uv_path = find_uv()
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Unknown Python implementation")
+
+    assert (installation_path / "python.exe").exists()
 
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
-    venv_path = tmp / "venv"
-    env = virtualenv(
-        python_configuration.version,
-        base_python,
-        venv_path,
-        dependency_constraint_flags,
-        use_uv=use_uv,
-    )
 
-    # set up environment variables for run_with_env
+    # set up PATH and environment variables for run_with_env
+    env = os.environ.copy()
     env["PYTHON_VERSION"] = python_configuration.version
     env["PYTHON_ARCH"] = python_configuration.arch
-    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
+    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
-
+        [str(installation_path), str(installation_path / "Scripts"), env["PATH"]]
-    # upgrade pip to the version matching our constraints
-    # if necessary, reinstall it to ensure that it's available on PATH as 'pip.exe'
-    if not use_uv:
-        call(
-            "python",
-            "-m",
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "pip",
-            *dependency_constraint_flags,
-            env=env,
-            cwd=venv_path,
     )
+    env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
 
     # update env with results from CIBW_ENVIRONMENT
     env = environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=env)
 
-    # check what Python version we're on
+    # for the logs - check we're running the right version of python
-    call("where", "python", env=env)
+    call(["where", "python"], env=env)
-    call("python", "--version", env=env)
+    call(["python", "--version"], env=env)
-    call("python", "-c", "\"import struct; print(struct.calcsize('P') * 8)\"", env=env)
+    call(["python", "-c", "\"import struct; print(struct.calcsize('P') * 8)\""], env=env)
-    where_python = call("where", "python", env=env, capture_stdout=True).splitlines()[0].strip()
+    where_python = (
-    if where_python != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "python.exe"):
+        subprocess.run(
-        msg = "python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it."
+            ["where", "python"],
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+            env=env,
+            universal_newlines=True,
+            check=True,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
+        .stdout.splitlines()[0]
+        .strip()
+    )
+    if where_python != str(installation_path / "python.exe"):
+        print(
+            "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
 
-    # check what pip version we're on
+    # make sure pip is installed
-    if not use_uv:
+    if not (installation_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists():
-        assert (venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists()
+        call(["python", get_pip_script, *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env, cwd="C:\\cibw")
-        where_pip = call("where", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).splitlines()[0].strip()
+    assert (installation_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists()
-        if where_pip.strip() != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe"):
+    where_pip = (
-            msg = "pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
+        subprocess.run(
-            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+            ["where", "pip"], env=env, universal_newlines=True, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
-
+        )
-        call("pip", "--version", env=env)
+        .stdout.splitlines()[0]
+        .strip()
+    )
+    if where_pip.strip() != str(installation_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe"):
+        print(
+            "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
 
     log.step("Installing build tools...")
-    if build_frontend == "build":
+
     call(
-            "pip",
+        ["python", "-m", "pip", "install", "--upgrade", "pip", *dependency_constraint_flags],
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "build[virtualenv]",
-            *dependency_constraint_flags,
         env=env,
     )
-    elif build_frontend == "build[uv]":
+    call(["pip", "--version"], env=env)
-        assert uv_path is not None
     call(
-            uv_path,
+        ["pip", "install", "--upgrade", "setuptools", "wheel", *dependency_constraint_flags],
-            "pip",
-            "install",
-            "--upgrade",
-            "build[virtualenv]",
-            *dependency_constraint_flags,
         env=env,
     )
 
-    if python_libs_base:
+    return env
-        # Set up the environment for various backends to enable cross-compilation
-        setup_setuptools_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
-        setup_rust_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
-
-    return base_python, env
 
 
-def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def pep_518_cp35_workaround(package_dir: Path, env: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
-    python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
+    """
-        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
+    Python 3.5 PEP 518 hack (see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8392#issuecomment-639563494)
-    )
+    Basically, nuget's Python is an embedded Python distribution, which is not supported by pip.
+    Before version 3.6, there was no way to disable the "embedded" behavior, including the ignoring
+    of environment variables, including the ones pip uses to setup PEP 518 builds.
 
-    if not python_configurations:
+    The fix here is as suggested in that issue; we manually setup the PEP 518 requirements. Since we
-        return
+    are in a fresh environment (except for pinned cibuildweel dependencies), the build is already
+    mostly "isolated".
+    """
+
+    pyproject_path = package_dir / "pyproject.toml"
+
+    if pyproject_path.exists():
+        data = toml.load(pyproject_path)
+        requirements = data["build-system"].get("requires", []) if "build-system" in data else []
+
+        if requirements:
+            log.step("Performing PEP518 workaround...")
+            with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+                reqfile = Path(d) / "requirements.txt"
+                with reqfile.open("w") as f:
+                    for r in requirements:
+                        print(r, file=f)
+                call(["pip", "install", "-r", reqfile], env=env)
+
+
+def build(options: BuildOptions) -> None:
+    temp_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="cibuildwheel"))
+    built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
+    repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
 
     try:
-        before_all_options_identifier = python_configurations[0].identifier
+        if options.before_all:
-        before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
-
-        if before_all_options.before_all:
             log.step("Running before_all...")
-            env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=os.environ)
+            env = options.environment.as_dictionary(prev_environment=os.environ)
             before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
-                before_all_options.before_all, project=".", package=options.globals.package_dir
+                options.before_all, project=".", package=options.package_dir
             )
             shell(before_all_prepared, env=env)
 
-        built_wheels: list[Path] = []
+        python_configurations = get_python_configurations(
+            options.build_selector, options.architectures
+        )
 
         for config in python_configurations:
-            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-            build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend or BuildFrontendConfig("pip")
-            use_uv = (
-                build_frontend.name == "build[uv]"
-                and Version(config.version) >= Version("3.8")
-                and not config.identifier.startswith("pp38-")
-            )
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
-            identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
-            identifier_tmp_dir.mkdir()
-            built_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "built_wheel"
-            repaired_wheel_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
-
             dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr] = []
-            if build_options.dependency_constraints:
+            if options.dependency_constraints:
                 dependency_constraint_flags = [
                     "-c",
-                    build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version),
+                    options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(config.version),
                 ]
 
             # install Python
-            base_python, env = setup_python(
+            env = setup_python(config, dependency_constraint_flags, options.environment)
-                identifier_tmp_dir / "build",
-                config,
-                dependency_constraint_flags,
-                build_options.environment,
-                build_frontend.name,
-            )
-            if not use_uv:
-                pip_version = get_pip_version(env)
 
-            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
-            if compatible_wheel:
-                log.step_end()
-                print(
-                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
-                )
-                repaired_wheel = compatible_wheel
-            else:
             # run the before_build command
-                if build_options.before_build:
+            if options.before_build:
                 log.step("Running before_build...")
                 before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.before_build,
+                    options.before_build, project=".", package=options.package_dir
-                        project=".",
-                        package=options.globals.package_dir,
                 )
                 shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
 
+            # activate the PEP 518 patch if on Windows Python 3.5
+            # (will only have an effect if PEP 517 builds are used):
+            if config.version.startswith("3.5"):
+                pep_518_cp35_workaround(options.package_dir, env)
+
             log.step("Building wheel...")
-                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
+            if built_wheel_dir.exists():
-
+                shutil.rmtree(built_wheel_dir)
-                extra_flags = split_config_settings(
+            built_wheel_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
-                    build_options.config_settings, build_frontend.name
-                )
-                extra_flags += build_frontend.args
-
-                build_env = env.copy()
-                if not use_uv:
-                    build_env["VIRTUALENV_PIP"] = pip_version
-
-                if build_options.dependency_constraints:
-                    constraints_path = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
-                        config.version
-                    )
-                    combine_constraints(build_env, constraints_path, identifier_tmp_dir)
-
-                if build_frontend.name == "pip":
-                    extra_flags += get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
             # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
             # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
             call(
-                        "python",
+                [
-                        "-m",
                     "pip",
                     "wheel",
-                        options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
+                    options.package_dir.resolve(),
-                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
+                    "-w",
+                    built_wheel_dir,
                     "--no-deps",
-                        *extra_flags,
+                    *get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(options.build_verbosity),
-                        env=build_env,
+                ],
+                env=env,
             )
-                elif build_frontend.name == "build" or build_frontend.name == "build[uv]":
-                    if not 0 <= build_options.build_verbosity < 2:
-                        msg = f"build_verbosity {build_options.build_verbosity} is not supported for build frontend. Ignoring."
-                        log.warning(msg)
-                    if use_uv and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags and "-n" not in extra_flags:
-                        extra_flags.append("--installer=uv")
-                    call(
-                        "python",
-                        "-m",
-                        "build",
-                        build_options.package_dir,
-                        "--wheel",
-                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        *extra_flags,
-                        env=build_env,
-                    )
-                else:
-                    assert_never(build_frontend)
 
             built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
             # repair the wheel
-                repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
+            if repaired_wheel_dir.exists():
+                shutil.rmtree(repaired_wheel_dir)
+            repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
 
             if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
-                    raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
+                raise NonPlatformWheelError()
 
-                if build_options.repair_command:
+            if options.repair_command:
                 log.step("Repairing wheel...")
                 repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.repair_command,
+                    options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
-                        wheel=built_wheel,
-                        dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
                 )
                 shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
             else:
@@ -489,39 +331,16 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
             repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
 
-                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
+            if options.test_command and options.test_selector(config.identifier):
-                    raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
-
-            test_selected = options.globals.test_selector(config.identifier)
-            if test_selected and config.arch == "ARM64" != platform_module.machine():
-                log.warning(
-                    unwrap(
-                        """
-                            While arm64 wheels can be built on other platforms, they cannot
-                            be tested. An arm64 runner is required. To silence this warning,
-                            set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-win_arm64"`.
-                            """
-                    )
-                )
-                # skip this test
-            elif test_selected and build_options.test_command:
                 log.step("Testing wheel...")
                 # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
                 # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-                if not use_uv:
+                call(["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env)
-                    call("pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags, env=env)
+                venv_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
 
-                venv_dir = identifier_tmp_dir / "venv-test"
+                # Use --no-download to ensure determinism by using seed libraries
-
+                # built into virtualenv
-                if use_uv:
+                call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env)
-                    call("uv", "venv", venv_dir, f"--python={base_python}", env=env)
-                else:
-                    # Use pip version from the initial env to ensure determinism
-                    venv_args = ["--no-periodic-update", f"--pip={pip_version}"]
-                    # In Python<3.12, setuptools & wheel are installed as well, use virtualenv embedded ones
-                    if Version(config.version) < Version("3.12"):
-                        venv_args.extend(("--setuptools=embed", "--wheel=embed"))
-                    call("python", "-m", "virtualenv", *venv_args, venv_dir, env=env)
 
                 virtualenv_env = env.copy()
                 virtualenv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
@@ -530,64 +349,46 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                         virtualenv_env["PATH"],
                     ]
                 )
-                virtualenv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_dir)
 
                 # check that we are using the Python from the virtual environment
-                call("where", "python", env=virtualenv_env)
+                call(["where", "python"], env=virtualenv_env)
 
-                if build_options.before_test:
+                if options.before_test:
                     before_test_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.before_test,
+                        options.before_test,
                         project=".",
-                        package=build_options.package_dir,
+                        package=options.package_dir,
                     )
                     shell(before_test_prepared, env=virtualenv_env)
 
-                pip = ["uv", "pip"] if use_uv else ["pip"]
-
                 # install the wheel
                 call(
-                    *pip,
+                    ["pip", "install", str(repaired_wheel) + options.test_extras],
-                    "install",
-                    str(repaired_wheel) + build_options.test_extras,
                     env=virtualenv_env,
                 )
 
                 # test the wheel
-                if build_options.test_requires:
+                if options.test_requires:
-                    call(*pip, "install", *build_options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)
+                    call(["pip", "install"] + options.test_requires, env=virtualenv_env)
 
-                # run the tests from a temp dir, with an absolute path in the command
+                # run the tests from c:\, with an absolute path in the command
                 # (this ensures that Python runs the tests against the installed wheel
                 # and not the repo code)
                 test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                    build_options.test_command,
+                    options.test_command,
                     project=Path(".").resolve(),
-                    package=options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
+                    package=options.package_dir.resolve(),
-                    wheel=repaired_wheel,
                 )
-                test_cwd = identifier_tmp_dir / "test_cwd"
+                shell(test_command_prepared, cwd="c:\\", env=virtualenv_env)
-                test_cwd.mkdir()
-                (test_cwd / "test_fail.py").write_text(test_fail_cwd_file.read_text())
-
-                shell(test_command_prepared, cwd=test_cwd, env=virtualenv_env)
-
-            # we're all done here; move it to output (remove if already exists)
-            if compatible_wheel is None:
-                output_wheel = build_options.output_dir.joinpath(repaired_wheel.name)
-                moved_wheel = move_file(repaired_wheel, output_wheel)
-                if moved_wheel != output_wheel.resolve():
-                    log.warning(
-                        "{repaired_wheel} was moved to {moved_wheel} instead of {output_wheel}"
-                    )
-                built_wheels.append(output_wheel)
 
                 # clean up
-            # (we ignore errors because occasionally Windows fails to unlink a file and we
+                shutil.rmtree(venv_dir)
-            # don't want to abort a build because of that)
-            shutil.rmtree(identifier_tmp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
 
+            # we're all done here; move it to output (remove if already exists)
+            shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), options.output_dir)
             log.build_end()
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
-        msg = f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout or ''}"
+        log.step_end_with_error(
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg) from error
+            f"Command {error.cmd} failed with code {error.returncode}. {error.stdout}"
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)

docs/contributing.md

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 title: Contributing
 ---
 
-# Contributing
-
 Wheel-building can be pretty complex. We expect users to find edge-cases - please help the rest of the community out by documenting these, adding features to support them, and reporting bugs.
 
 If you have an idea for a modification or feature, it's probably best to raise an issue first and discuss it with the maintainer team. Once we have rough consensus on a design, begin work in a PR.
@@ -12,7 +10,8 @@ If you have an idea for a modification or feature, it's probably best to raise a
 
 Everyone contributing to the cibuildwheel project is expected to follow the [PSF Code of Conduct](https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
 
-## Design Goals
+Design Goals
+------------
 
 - `cibuildwheel` should wrap the complexity of wheel building.
 - The user interface to `cibuildwheel` is the build script (e.g. `.travis.yml`). Feature additions should not increase the complexity of this script.
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ Everyone contributing to the cibuildwheel project is expected to follow the [PSF
 
 Other notes:
 
-- The platforms are very similar, until they're not. I'd rather have straight-forward code than totally DRY code, so let's keep airy platform abstractions to a minimum.
+- The platforms are very similar, until they're not. I'd rather have straight-forward code than totally DRY code, so let's keep airy platfrom abstractions to a minimum.
 - I might want to break the options into a shared config file one day, so that config is more easily shared. That has motivated some of the design decisions.
 
 ### cibuildwheel's relationship with build errors
@@ -32,94 +31,20 @@ We're not responsible for errors in those tools, for fixing errors/crashes there
 
 So, if we can, I'd like to improve the experience on errors as well. In [this](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/139) case, it takes a bit of knowledge to understand that the Linux builds are happening in a different OS via Docker, that the linked symbols won't match, that auditwheel will fail because of this. A problem with how the tools fit together, instead of the tools themselves.
 
-## Development
+Maintainer notes
+----------------
 
-### Running the tests
+### Local testing
 
-When making a change to the codebase, you can run tests locally for quicker feedback than the CI runs on a PR. You can [run them directly](#making-a-venv), but the easiest way to run tests is using [nox](https://nox.thea.codes/).
+You should run:
 
-You can run all the tests locally by doing:
+```python
-
+python3 -m venv venv
-```bash
+. venv/bin/activate
-nox -s tests
-```
-
-However, because this takes a while, you might prefer to be more specific.
-
-#### Unit tests
-
-To run the project's unit tests, do:
-
-```bash
-nox -s tests -- unit_test
-```
-
-There are a few custom options to enable different parts of the test suite - check `nox -s tests -- unit_test --help` for details.
-
-If you're calling this a lot, you might consider using the `-r` or `-R` arguments to nox to make it a bit faster. This calls pytest under the hood, so to target a specific test, use pytest's `-k` option after the `--` above to select a specific test.
-
-#### Integration tests
-
-To run the project's integration tests, do:
-
-```bash
-nox -s tests -- test
-```
-
-The integration test suite is big - it can take more than 30 minutes to run the whole thing.
-
-Because it takes such a long time, normally you'd choose specific tests to run locally, and rely on the project's CI for the rest. Use pytest's `-k` option to choose specific tests. You can pass a test name or a filename, it'll run everything that matches.
-
-```bash
-nox -s tests -- test -k <test_name_or_filename>
-# e.g.
-nox -s tests -- test -k before_build
-```
-
-A few notes-
-
-- Because they run inside a container, Linux tests can run on all platforms where Docker is installed, so they're convenient for running integration tests locally. Set CIBW_PLATFORM to do this: `CIBW_PLATFORM=linux nox -s tests -- test`.
-
-- Running the macOS integration tests requires _system installs_ of Python from python.org for all the versions that are tested. We won't attempt to install these when running locally, but you can do so manually using the URL in the error message that is printed when the install is not found.
-
-#### Making a venv
-
-More advanced users might prefer to invoke pytest directly-
-
-```bash
-python3 -m venv .venv
-source .venv/bin/activate
 pip install -e .[dev]
-# run the unit tests
-pytest unit_test
-# run the whole integration test suite
-pytest test
-# run a specific integration test
-pytest test -k test_build_frontend_args
-# run a specific integration test on a different platform
-CIBW_PLATFORM=linux pytest test -k test_build_frontend_args
 ```
 
-### Linting, docs
+To prepare a development environment.
-
-Most developer tasks have a nox interface. This allows you to very simply run tasks without worrying about setting up a development environment (as shown below). This is a slower than setting up a development environment and reusing it, but has the (important) benefit of being highly reproducible; an earlier run does not affect a current run, or anything else on your machine.
-
-You can see a list of sessions by typing `nox -l`; here are a few common ones:
-
-```console
-nox -s lint                    # Run the linters (default)
-nox -s tests [-- PYTEST-ARGS]  # Run the tests   (default)
-nox -s docs                    # Build and serve the documentation
-nox -s build                   # Make SDist and wheel
-```
-
-More advanced users can run the update scripts. `update_pins` should work directly, but `update_constraints` needs all versions of Python installed. If you don't want to do that locally, a fast way to run it to use docker to run nox:
-
-```console
-docker run --rm -itv $PWD:/src -w /src quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:latest pipx run nox -s update_constraints
-```
-
-## Maintainer notes
 
 ### Testing sample configs
 
@@ -148,6 +73,9 @@ This has been moved to using docker, so you only need the following instructions
 The dependency update script in the next section requires multiple python versions installed. One way to do this is to use `pyenv`:
 
 ```bash
+pyenv install 2.7.18
+pyenv install 3.5.9
+pyenv install 3.6.11
 pyenv install 3.7.8
 # Optionally add 3.8 and make it the local version;
 # otherwise assuming 3.8+ already is your current python version
@@ -156,6 +84,10 @@ pyenv install 3.7.8
 Then, you need to make the required virtual environments:
 
 ```bash
+$(pyenv prefix 2.7.18)/bin/python -m pip install virtualenv
+$(pyenv prefix 2.7.18)/bin/python -m virtualenv env27
+$(pyenv prefix 3.5.9)/bin/python -m venv env35
+$(pyenv prefix 3.6.11)/bin/python -m venv env36
 $(pyenv prefix 3.7.8)/bin/python -m venv env37
 ```
 
@@ -177,14 +109,15 @@ Then, increment the project version number using:
 bin/bump_version.py
 ```
 
-(or `nox -s bump_version`) You'll be prompted to enter the new version number. Update the changelog when prompted. The script will create a 'bump version' commit and version tag.
+You'll be prompted to enter the new version number. Update the changelog when prompted. The script will create a 'bump version' commit and version tag.
 
-Finally, cut the release and push to GitHub.
+Finally, cut the release and upload to PyPI/GitHub.
 
 ```bash
+rm -rf dist
+python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
+twine upload dist/*
 git push && git push --tags
 ```
 
-Then head to https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/releases and create a GitHub release from the new tag, pasting in the changelog entry. Once the release is created inside GitHub, a CI job will create the assets and upload them to PyPI.
+Then head to https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/releases and create a GitHub release from the new tag, pasting in the changelog entry.
-
-If there were any schema updates, run `pipx run ./bin/generate_schema.py --schemastore > partial-cibuildwheel.json` and contribute the changes to SchemaStore.

docs/cpp_standards.md

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@
 title: Modern C++ standards
 ---
 
-# Modern C++ standards
-
 Building Python wheels with modern C++ standards (C++11 and later) requires a few tricks.
 
 
+## Python 2.7 and C++17
+
+The Python 2.7 header files use the `register` keyword, which is [reserved and unused from C+17 onwards](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/register). Compiling a wheel for Python 2.7 with the C++17 standard is still possible to allow usage of `register` using proper flag `-Wno-register` for gcc/clang and `/wd5033` for MSVC.
+
 ## manylinux1 and C++14
-The old `manylinux1` image (based on CentOS 5) contains a version of GCC and libstdc++ that only supports C++11 and earlier standards. There are however ways to compile wheels with the C++14 standard (and later): https://github.com/pypa/manylinux/issues/118
+The default `manylinux1` image (based on CentOS 5) contains a version of GCC and libstdc++ that only supports C++11 and earlier standards. There are however ways to compile wheels with the C++14 standard (and later): https://github.com/pypa/manylinux/issues/118
 
 `manylinux2010` and `manylinux2014` are newer and support all C++ standards (up to C++17).
 
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ The old `manylinux1` image (based on CentOS 5) contains a version of GCC and lib
 
 OS X/macOS allows you to specify a so-called "deployment target" version that will ensure backwards compatibility with older versions of macOS. One way to do this is by setting the `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` environment variable.
 
-However, to enable modern C++ standards, the deployment target needs to be set high enough (since older OS X/macOS versions did not have the necessary modern C++ standard library).
+However, to enable modern C++ standards, the deploment target needs to be set high enough (since older OS X/macOS versions did not have the necessary modern C++ standard library).
 
 To get C++11 and C++14 support, `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` needs to be set to (at least) `"10.9"`. By default, `cibuildwheel` already does this, building 64-bit-only wheels for macOS 10.9 and later.
 
@@ -25,3 +27,45 @@ To get C++17 support, Xcode 9.3+ is needed, requiring at least macOS 10.13 on th
 However, if only C++17 compiler and standard template library (STL) features are used (not needing a C++17 runtime) it might be possible to set `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` to a lower value, such as `"10.9"`. To find out if this is the case, try compiling and running with a lower `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET`: if C++17 features are used that require a more recent deployment target, building the wheel should fail.
 
 For more details see https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xcode, and https://xcodereleases.com/: Xcode 10 needs macOS 10.13 and Xcode 11 needs macOS 10.14.
+
+## Windows and Python 2.7
+
+In previous years, Microsoft distributed a compiler toolchain called 'Visual C++ for Python 2.7', which was a distribution of MSVC 2008 that was created to make it easier to build Python 2.7 extensions on Windows, because it was fully compatible with the toolchain that built Python 2.7.
+
+This toolchain does not support modern C++ standards (i.e., C++11 and later). And it is hard to find this toolchain these days, since Microsoft removed the download for the required Visual Studio 2008 needed to build a native extension in April, 2021. So, by default, cibuildwheel does not attempt to build Python 2.7 extensions on Windows.
+
+There is an optional workaround, though: the pybind11 project argues and shows that it is [possible to compile Python 2.7 extension with a newer compiler](https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq.html#working-with-ancient-visual-studio-2008-builds-on-windows) and has an example project showing how to do this: https://github.com/pybind/python_example. The main catch is that a user might need to install [a newer "Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable"](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2977003/the-latest-supported-visual-c-downloads), since the newer C++ standard library's binaries are not included by default with the Python 2.7 installation.
+
+Forcing `distutils` or `setuptools` to use a more recent version of MSVC that supports modern C++ can be done in the following way:
+
+1. Set the environment variables `DISTUTILS_USE_SDK=1` and `MSSdk=1`. These two environment variables will tell `distutils`/`setuptools` to not search and set up a build environment that uses Visual C++ for Python 2.7 (aka. MSVC 9).
+2. Set up the build Visual Studio build environment you want to use, making sure that e.g. `PATH` contains `cl`, `link`, etc.
+    - Usually, this can be done through `vcvarsall.bat x86` or `vcvarsall.bat x64`. The exact location of this file depends on the installation, but the default path for VS 2019 Community (e.g. used in AppVeyor's `Visual Studio 2019` image) is `C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat`. **Note**: `vcvarsall.bat` changes the environment variables, so this cannot be run in a subprocess/subshell and consequently running `vsvarsall.bat` in `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD` does not have any effect.
+    - In Azure Pipelines, [a `VSBuild` task is available](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/tasks/build/visual-studio-build)
+    - In GitHub Actions, the default shell is powershell, so you'll need to use `shell: cmd` to source a `.bat` file, and the directory is `"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat"`. Or you can use an action, such as the [`ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1`](https://github.com/ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd) action to setup the environment (see example below).
+3. Next, call `cibuildwheel`. Unfortunately, MSVC has separate toolchains for compiling 32-bit and 64-bit, so you will need to run `cibuildwheel` twice: once with `CIBW_BUILD=*-win32` after setting up the `x86` build environment, and once with `CIBW_BUILD=*-win_amd64` in a `x64` environment (see previous step).
+
+
+**GitHub Action example with ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd**:
+
+```yaml
+  - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+
+  - name: Build 64-bit wheel
+    run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+    env:
+      CIBW_BUILD: cp27-win_amd64
+      DISTUTILS_USE_SDK: 1
+      MSSdk: 1
+
+  - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+    with:
+      arch: x86
+
+  - name: Build 32-bit wheel
+    run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+    env:
+      CIBW_BUILD: cp27-win32
+      DISTUTILS_USE_SDK: 1
+      MSSdk: 1
+```

docs/data/projects.schema.json

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
-  "$id": "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/docs/data/projects.schema.json",
-  "type": "array",
-  "description": "The projects file for cibuildwheel",
-  "items": {
-    "type": "object",
-    "additionalProperties": false,
-    "properties": {
-      "name": { "type": "string" },
-      "gh": { "type": "string", "pattern": "[^/]*/[^/]*" },
-      "stars": { "$ref": "#/items/properties/gh" },
-      "pypi": { "type": "string" },
-      "notes": { "type": "string" },
-      "ci": {
-        "type": "array",
-        "items": {
-          "enum": [
-            "github",
-            "travisci",
-            "appveyor",
-            "circleci",
-            "gitlab",
-            "cirrusci",
-            "azurepipelines"
-          ]
-        }
-      },
-      "ci_config": { "type": "string" },
-      "os": {
-        "type": "array",
-        "items": { "enum": ["windows", "apple", "linux"] }
-      }
-    },
-    "required": ["name", "gh", "ci", "os"]
-  }
-}

docs/data/projects.yml

@@ -4,15 +4,9 @@
 # stars: GitHub repo (optional, if different from package, such as for Twisted)
 # pypi: The pypi name, if different from the GitHub package name
 # os: Operating system list, [windows, apple, linux] (optional)
-# ci: [appveyor, github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci, cirrusci] (optional)
+# ci: [appveyor, github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci] (optional)
 # notes: (text, optional)
 
-- name: abess
-  gh: abess-team/abess
-  notes: A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions.
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-
 - name: Matplotlib
   gh: matplotlib/matplotlib
   notes: The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions
@@ -26,7 +20,7 @@
   notes: A simple C extension, without external dependencies
 
 - name: websockets
-  gh: python-websockets/websockets
+  gh: aaugustin/websockets
   ci: [travisci]
   ci_config: .travis.yml
   os: [apple, linux]
@@ -108,7 +102,7 @@
 
 - name: pikepdf
   gh: pikepdf/pikepdf
-  ci: [github]
+  ci: [azurepipelines]
   os: [windows, apple, linux]
 
 - name: fathon
@@ -172,13 +166,11 @@
 
 - name: pyzmq
   gh: zeromq/pyzmq
-  ci: [github, circleci]
+  ci: [github]
   os: [windows, apple, linux]
   ci_config: .github/workflows/wheels.yml
   notes: |
-    Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library.
+    Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython and CFFI.
-    Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy.
-    ARM wheels for linux are built natively on CircleCI.
 
 - name: python-rapidjson
   gh: python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
@@ -206,12 +198,6 @@
   ci: [github]
   os: [windows, apple, linux]
 
-- name: pybind11 cross build example
-  gh: wbarnha/pybind_cmake_example_crossbuild
-  ci: [github, gitlab]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-  notes: Same as pybind11 cmake_example but used to demo Linux ARM + Windows + macOS builds on GitLab
-
 - name: iminuit
   gh: scikit-hep/iminuit
   ci: [github]
@@ -270,8 +256,8 @@
 
 - name: Tokenizer
   gh: OpenNMT/Tokenizer
-  ci: [github]
+  ci: [github, travisci]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [apple, linux]
 
 - name: matrixprofile
   gh: matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile
@@ -286,8 +272,8 @@
 - name: CTranslate2
   gh: OpenNMT/CTranslate2
   ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
+  os: [apple, linux]
-  notes: Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures.
+  notes: Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html). The Linux wheels also include CUDA libraries for GPU execution.
 
 - name: MyPy
   gh: mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
@@ -295,7 +281,7 @@
   pypi: mypy
   ci: [github]
   os: [apple, linux, windows]
-  notes: The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC.
+  notes: MyPyC, the compiled component of MyPy.
 
 - name: Imagecodecs (fork)
   gh: czaki/imagecodecs_build
@@ -325,12 +311,12 @@
   notes: Full range of wheels for setuptools rust, with auto release and PyPI deploy.
 
 - name: python-snappy
-  gh: intake/python-snappy
+  gh: andrix/python-snappy
   ci: [github]
   os: [apple, linux, windows]
 
 - name: sourmash
-  gh: sourmash-bio/sourmash
+  gh: dib-lab/sourmash
   ci: [github]
   os: [apple, linux, windows]
 
@@ -377,290 +363,3 @@
   gh: LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
   ci: [github]
   os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: cmake
-  gh: scikit-build/cmake-python-distributions
-  stars: Kitware/CMake
-  ci: [github, travisci]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-  notes: Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration.
-
-- name: ninja
-  gh: scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
-  ci: [github, travisci]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-  notes: Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration.
-
-- name: tgcalls
-  gh: MarshalX/tgcalls
-  pypi: pytgcalls
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, windows]
-  notes: Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc.
-
-- name: pillow-heif
-  gh: bigcat88/pillow_heif
-  pypi: pillow-heif
-  ci: [github, cirrusci]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-  notes: Bindings to libheif library with third party dependencies. Fully automated CI for tests and publishing including Apple Silicon builds.
-
-- name: clang-format
-  gh: ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-  notes: Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels.
-
-- name: Tornado
-  gh: tornadoweb/tornado
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [linux, apple, windows]
-  notes: Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension.
-
-- name: pytorch-fairseq
-  gh: facebookresearch/fairseq
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux]
-
-- name: uvloop
-  gh: MagicStack/uvloop
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux]
-
-- name: asyncpg
-  gh: MagicStack/asyncpg
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: vaex
-  gh: vaexio/vaex
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: cvxpy
-  gh: cvxpy/cvxpy
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: duckdb
-  gh: duckdb/duckdb
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: Triton
-  gh: openai/triton
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [linux]
-  notes: Self hosted runners
-
-- name: vispy
-  gh: vispy/vispy
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: Confluent client for Kafka
-  gh: confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
-  ci: [travisci]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-  notes: setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat`
-
-- name: tinyobjloader
-  gh: tinyobjloader/tinyobjloader
-  ci: [azurepipelines]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: PyOxidizer
-  gh: indygreg/PyOxidizer
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: OpenSpiel
-  gh: google-deepmind/open_spiel
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux]
-
-- name: Google Benchmark
-  gh: google/benchmark
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: Apache Beam
-  gh: apache/beam
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: PyCryptodome
-  gh: Legrandin/pycryptodome
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: PyYAML
-  gh: yaml/pyyaml
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple]
-
-- name: Line Profiler
-  gh: pyutils/line_profiler
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: OpenTimelineIO
-  gh: AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenTimelineIO
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: OpenColorIO
-  gh: AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-
-- name: Psycopg 3
-  gh: psycopg/psycopg
-  pypi: psycopg_binary
-  notes: A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-
-- name: Arbor
-  gh: arbor-sim/arbor
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux]
-  notes: >
-    Arbor is a multi-compartment neuron simulation library; compatible with
-    next-generation accelerators; best-practices applied to research software;
-    focused on community-driven development. Includes a
-    [small script](https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor/blob/master/scripts/patchwheel.py)
-    patching `rpath` in bundled libraries.
-
-- name: Kivy
-  gh: kivy/kivy
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-
-- name: NCNN
-  gh: Tencent/ncnn
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-
-- name: Prophet
-  gh: facebook/prophet
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-
-- name: MemRay
-  gh: bloomberg/memray
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [linux]
-
-- name: PyGame
-  gh: pygame/pygame
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux]
-
-- name: UltraJSON
-  gh: ultrajson/ultrajson
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-
-- name: NumPy
-  gh: numpy/numpy
-  ci: [github, travisci]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-
-- name: Wrapt
-  gh: GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-
-- name: SimpleJSON
-  gh: simplejson/simplejson
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-
-- name: Implicit
-  gh: benfred/implicit
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-  notes: Includes GPU support for linux wheels
-
-- name: power-grid-model
-  gh: PowerGridModel/power-grid-model
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-  notes: Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis
-
-- name: Python-WebRTC
-  gh: MarshalX/python-webrtc
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-
-- name: cf-units
-  gh: SciTools/cf-units
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux]
-
-- name: envd
-  gh: tensorchord/envd
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-  notes: A machine learning development environment build tool
-
-- name: mosec
-  gh: mosecorg/mosec
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [linux, apple]
-  notes: A machine learning model serving framework powered by Rust
-
-- name: ril
-  gh: Cryptex-github/ril-py
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-  pypi: pyril
-  notes: A python binding to Rust Imaging library using maturin and Pyo3, utilizes Github Action cache to improve speed. Builds abi3 wheels.
-
-- name: Picologging
-  gh: microsoft/picologging
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-  pypi: picologging
-  notes: A high-performance logging library for Python.
-
-- name: aalink
-  gh: artfwo/aalink
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, apple, linux]
-  pypi: aalink
-  notes: Async Python interface for Ableton Link.
-
-- name: werpy
-  gh: analyticsinmotion/werpy
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, linux, apple]
-  pypi: werpy
-  notes: An ultra-fast python package using optimized dynamic programming to compute the Word Error Rate (WER).
-
-- name: keyvi
-  gh: KeyviDev/keyvi
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [linux, apple]
-  pypi: keyvi
-  notes: FST based key value index highly optimized for size and lookup performance, utilizes ccache action for improved runtime
-
-- name: pedalboard
-  gh: spotify/pedalboard
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [windows, linux, apple]
-  pypi: pedalboard
-  notes: >
-      A Python library for working with audio data and audio plugins
-      by wrapping the [JUCE](https://github.com/juce-framework/JUCE/)
-      C++ framework. Uses cibuildwheel to deploy on as many operating
-      systems and Python versions as possible with only one dependency
-      (any NumPy).
-
-- name: streaming-form-data
-  gh: siddhantgoel/streaming-form-data
-  ci: [github]
-  os: [apple, linux, windows]
-  pypi: streaming-form-data
-  notes: Streaming parser for multipart/form-data written in Cython

docs/data/readme_icons/azurepipelines.svg

@@ -1 +1 @@
-<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>Azure Pipelines icon</title><path d="M1.7997 22.1998h4.2001V24H.0004v-6.0002h1.7993v4.2zM12.6229 9.8975l-7.6353 7.6353 1.4792 1.4792 7.6345-7.6362-1.4784-1.4783zM4.365 15.1793l-.391-.3908c-.5042-.5042-.5828-1.3004-.1869-1.8934l4.6036-6.8958H.9979c-.5513.0014-.9975.4487-.9975 1v5.5002l3.5021 3.6036.8625-.9238zM23.9996.9999v8.9306a2 2 0 0 1-.8893 1.6632l-12.2834 8.2005a.9999.9999 0 0 1-1.2622-.1246L8.04 18.1457c.3313-.3313 6.4656-6.4672 6.7684-6.7698l-2.1855-2.1855L5.8533 15.96l-1.5258-1.525a1.0001 1.0001 0 0 1-.1246-1.2623L12.4034.8893A2 2 0 0 1 14.0666 0h8.9331c.5522 0 .9999.4477.9999.9999zm-2.9997 5.0003c0-1.6567-1.343-2.9997-2.9997-2.9997s-2.9997 1.343-2.9997 2.9997 1.343 2.9997 2.9997 2.9997 2.9997-1.343 2.9997-2.9997zM10.272 20.4625c-.4008 0-.7776-.156-1.0609-.4392l-.368-.3679-.8435.8417 3.4996 3.4996h5.5003c.5522 0 .9999-.4477.9999-.9999v-7.3899L11.1045 20.21a1.4944 1.4944 0 0 1-.8325.2525z"/></svg>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>Azure Pipelines icon</title><path d="M1.8 18H0v6h6v-1.8H1.8zM23 0h-8.93a2 2 0 0 0-1.67.89L9 5.99H1a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v5.5l3.5 3.61 1.2-1.29 1.5 1.5L5 17.53l1.48 1.48 1.22-1.22 1.5 1.51L8 20.5l3.5 3.5H17a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-8l5.11-3.4A2 2 0 0 0 24 9.92V1a1 1 0 0 0-1-1zm-5 9a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6z"/></svg>

docs/data/readme_icons/cirrusci.svg

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>Cirrus CI icon</title><path d="M19.422.453a1.113 1.113 0 0 0-1.113 1.115 1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.112 1.114c1.31 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.04 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 8.52a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.117h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 15.48a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.112h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 22.432a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.115h18.31a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 .206-.022c2.42-.112 4.37-2.12 4.37-4.57 0-1.393-.642-2.634-1.63-3.478C23.356 14.632 24 13.393 24 12c0-1.393-.643-2.632-1.63-3.477C23.357 7.68 24 6.438 24 5.045c0-2.52-2.06-4.592-4.578-4.592z"/></svg>

docs/deliver-to-pypi.md

@@ -2,100 +2,35 @@
 title: Delivering to PyPI
 ---
 
-# Delivering to PyPI
-
 After you've built your wheels, you'll probably want to deliver them to PyPI.
 
-## Manual method
+### Manual method
 
-On your development machine, install [pipx](https://pypa.github.io/pipx/) and do the following:
+On your development machine, do the following...
 
 ```bash
-# Either download the SDist from your CI, or make it:
 # Clear out your 'dist' folder.
 rm -rf dist
 # Make a source distribution
-pipx run build --sdist
+python setup.py sdist
 
 # 🏃🏻
 # Go and download your wheel files from wherever you put them. e.g. your CI
 # provider can be configured to store them for you. Put them all into the
 # 'dist' folder.
 
-# Upload using 'twine'
+# Upload using 'twine' (you may need to 'pip install twine')
-pipx run twine upload dist/*
+twine upload dist/*
 ```
 
-## Automatic method
+### Semi-automatic method using wheelhouse-uploader
 
-If you don't need much control over the release of a package, you can set up
+Obviously, manual steps are for chumps, so we can automate this a little by using [wheelhouse-uploader](https://github.com/ogrisel/wheelhouse-uploader).
-cibuildwheel to deliver the wheels straight to PyPI. You just need to bump the
-version and tag it.
 
-### Generic instructions
+> Quick note from me - using S3 as a storage didn't work due to a [bug](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LIBCLOUD-792) in libcloud. Feel free to use my fork of that package that fixes the bug `pip install https://github.com/joerick/libcloud/archive/v1.5.0-s3fix.zip`
 
-Make your SDist with the [build](https://github.com/pypa/build) tool, and your wheels with cibuildwheel. If you can make the files available as
+### Automatic method
-downloadable artifacts, this make testing before releases easier (depending on your CI provider's options). The "publish" job/step should collect the
-files, and then run `twine upload <paths>` (possibly via [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx)); this should only happen on tags or "releases".
 
-### GitHub Actions
+If you don't need much control over the release of a package, you can set up cibuildwheel to deliver the wheels straight to PyPI. This doesn't require anycloud storage to work - you just need to bump the version and tag it.
 
-GitHub actions has pipx in all the runners as a supported package manager, as
+[`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/master/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml) and [`examples/github-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/master/examples/github-deploy.yml) are example configurations that automatically upload wheels to PyPI. Also check out [this example repo](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel-autopypi-example) for more detailed instructions on how to set this up.
-well as several useful actions. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuildwheel to make wheels, you will probably want to build an SDist:
-
-```yaml
-  make_sdist:
-    name: Make SDist
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0  # Optional, use if you use setuptools_scm
-        submodules: true  # Optional, use if you have submodules
-
-    - name: Build SDist
-      run: pipx run build --sdist
-
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        name: cibw-sdist
-        path: dist/*.tar.gz
-```
-
-Then, you need to publish the artifacts that the previous jobs have built. This final job should run only on release or tag, depending on your preference. It gathers the artifacts from the sdist and wheel jobs and uploads them to PyPI. The release environment (`pypi` in the example below) will be created the first time this workflow runs.
-
-This requires setting this GitHub workflow in your project's PyPI settings (for a [new project](https://docs.pypi.org/trusted-publishers/creating-a-project-through-oidc)/[existing project](https://docs.pypi.org/trusted-publishers/adding-a-publisher)).
-
-```yaml
-  upload_all:
-    needs: [build_wheels, make_sdist]
-    environment: pypi
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        pattern: cibw-*
-        path: dist
-        merge-multiple: true
-
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
-```
-
-You should use Dependabot to keep the publish action up to date. In the above
-example, the same name (the default, "artifact" is used for all upload-artifact
-runs, so we can just download all of the in one step into a common directory.
-
-See
-[`examples/github-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/github-deploy.yml)
-for an example configuration that automatically upload wheels to PyPI. Also see
-[scikit-hep.org/developer/gha_wheels](https://scikit-hep.org/developer/gha_wheels)
-for a complete guide.
-
-### TravisCI
-
-See
-[`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml)
-for an example configuration.

docs/diagram.html

@@ -1,487 +0,0 @@
-<div id="flow-diagram">
-  <div class="diagram-grid" v-bind:style="gridStyle">
-    <!-- BEHIND THE GRID CONTENT -->
-    <!-- line for each platform -->
-    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 3"></div>
-    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 4"></div>
-    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 5"></div>
-    <!-- the docker container outline -->
-    <div class="grid-outline docker">
-      <div class="outline">
-        Manylinux container
-      </div>
-    </div>
-    <!-- the venv outlines -->
-    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 3">
-      <div class="outline">Test virtualenv</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 4"><div class="outline"></div></div>
-    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 5"><div class="outline"></div></div>
-    <!-- THE GRID CONTENT -->
-    <!-- the row labels -->
-    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 3">Linux</div>
-    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 4">macOS</div>
-    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 5">Windows</div>
-    <!-- the column labels -->
-    <div class="grid-column-label"
-         style="grid-row: 1 / span 1; grid-column: 5 / -3">
-      <div class="label">For each version of Python</div>
-    </div>
-    <div class="grid-column-label"
-         style="grid-row: 2 / span 1;
-                grid-column: 9 / -3;
-                margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
-      <div class="label">If tests are configured</div>
-    </div>
-    <!-- the steps -->
-    <div class="step" v-for="(step, sIndex) in diagram.steps">
-      <component v-for="action in step"
-                 class="action"
-                 v-bind:is="action.href ? 'a' : 'div'"
-                 v-bind:href="action.href">
-        <div class="dots" v-if="action.style == 'dot'">
-          <div class="dot"
-               v-info="action"
-               v-for="(platform, pIndex) in platforms"
-               v-if="action.platforms.includes(platform)"
-               v-bind:style="{gridRowStart: `${pIndex+3}`,
-                              gridColumnStart: `${sIndex+2}`}">
-            <div class="dot-graphic"></div>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-        <div class="block-container" v-if="action.style == 'block'">
-          <div class="block"
-               v-info="action"
-               v-bind:style="{...blockStyle(action),
-                              gridColumnStart: `${sIndex+2}`}">
-            {{action.label}}
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      </a>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<noscript>
-  <img src="data/how-it-works.png" alt="Diagram showing the steps for each platform">
-  <p><strong>Enable JavaScript for an interactive version of this diagram.</strong></p>
-</noscript>
-
-<script type="module" async>
-  import Vue from 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.6.14/dist/vue.esm.browser.js'
-  import 'https://unpkg.com/@popperjs/core@2/dist/umd/popper.min.js'
-  import 'https://unpkg.com/tippy.js@6/dist/tippy-bundle.umd.js'
-
-  const diagram = {
-    steps: [
-      [
-        {
-          label: 'copy project into container',
-          platforms: ['linux'],
-          style: 'block',
-          width: 2,
-        },
-      ],
-      [], // empty column so that the manylinux outline intersects the previous column in the middle.
-      [
-        {
-          href: 'options/#before-all',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
-          style: 'dot',
-          tooltip: {
-            title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_ALL',
-            tag: 'Optional step',
-            description: 'Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built.'
-          },
-        },
-      ],
-      [
-        {
-          label: 'Install Python',
-          platforms: ['macos', 'windows'],
-          style: 'block',
-          tooltip: {
-            description: 'Install the version of Python required to build this wheel.'
-          },
-        },
-      ],
-      [
-        {
-          href: 'options/#before-build',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
-          style: 'dot',
-          tooltip: {
-            title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD',
-            tag: 'Optional step',
-            description: "Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build.",
-          },
-        },
-      ],
-      [
-        {
-          label: 'Build wheel',
-          href: 'options/#build-frontend',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
-          style: 'block',
-          tooltip: {
-            title: 'CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND',
-            tag: 'Customisable step',
-            description: 'Build the wheel according to your package configuration, using the frontend of your choice - pip or build.'
-          },
-        },
-      ],
-      [
-        {
-          label: 'Repair using auditwheel',
-          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
-          platforms: ['linux'],
-          style: 'block',
-          tooltip: {
-            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
-            tag: 'Customisable step',
-            description: 'Bundle shared libraries and ensure manylinux compliance by running auditwheel on each built wheel.'
-          },
-        },
-        {
-          label: 'Repair using delocate',
-          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
-          platforms: ['macos'],
-          style: 'block',
-          tooltip: {
-            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
-            tag: 'Customisable step',
-            description: 'Bundle shared libraries by running delocate on each built wheel.'
-          },
-        },
-        {
-          env: "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND",
-          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
-          label: 'repair wheel',
-          platforms: ['windows'],
-          style: 'dot',
-          optional: true,
-          tooltip: {
-            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
-            tag: 'Optional step',
-            description: 'Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel'
-          },
-        },
-      ],
-      [
-        {
-          href: 'options/#before-test',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
-          style: 'dot',
-          tooltip: {
-            title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_TEST',
-            tag: 'Optional step',
-            description: 'Execute a shell command before testing each wheel'
-          },
-        },
-      ],
-      [
-        {
-          label: 'Install wheel',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
-          style: 'block',
-          tooltip: {
-            description: 'Install the wheel we just built into the test virtualenv.'
-          },
-        },
-      ],
-      [
-        {
-          label: 'Test wheel',
-          href: 'options/#test-command',
-          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
-          style: 'block',
-          tooltip: {
-            title: 'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND',
-            tag: 'Optional step',
-            description: 'Execute a shell command to test each built wheel'
-          },
-        },
-      ],
-      [
-        {
-          label: 'Copy wheels out of container',
-          platforms: ['linux'],
-          style: 'block',
-          width: 2,
-        },
-      ],
-      [],
-    ]
-  }
-
-  const diagramComponent = new Vue({
-    el: '#flow-diagram',
-    data() {
-      return {
-        diagram,
-        platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
-      }
-    },
-    methods: {
-      blockStyle(action) {
-        let start, end
-        if (action.platforms.includes('linux')) {
-          start = 3
-        } else if (action.platforms.includes('macos')) {
-          start = 4
-        } else if (action.platforms.includes('windows')) {
-          start = 5
-        }
-
-        if (action.platforms.includes('windows')) {
-          end = 6
-        } else if (action.platforms.includes('macos')) {
-          end = 5
-        } else if (action.platforms.includes('linux')) {
-          end = 4
-        }
-
-        return {
-          gridRowStart: start.toString(),
-          gridRowEnd: end.toString(),
-          gridColumnEnd: `span ${action.width || 1}`,
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    computed: {
-      gridStyle() {
-        return {
-          gridTemplateRows: `auto auto repeat(${this.platforms.length}, 1fr)`,
-          gridTemplateColumns: `repeat(${this.diagram.steps.length+1}, auto)`,
-        }
-      },
-    },
-    directives: {
-      info: {
-        inserted(el, binding) {
-          const action = binding.value
-          const {env, label, optional=false, description='', href=''} = action
-          const tooltip = action.tooltip
-
-          if (tooltip) {
-            const tippyInstance = tippy(el, {
-              content: `
-                <a class="tooltip-contents" href="${href || ''}">
-                  <div class="tooltip-title">
-                    ${tooltip.title || ''}
-                  </div>
-                  <div class="tooltip-tag">
-                    ${tooltip.tag || ''}
-                  </div>
-                  <div class="tooltip-description">
-                    ${tooltip.description}
-                  </div>
-                </a>
-              `,
-              placement: 'right-start',
-              allowHTML: true,
-              maxWidth: 'none',
-              appendTo: document.getElementById('flow-diagram'),
-              offset: [0, 10],
-              onShow(instance) {
-                const stepEl = el.closest('.action')
-                stepEl.classList.add('tooltip-open')
-                instance.setProps({
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-              onHide() {
-                const stepEl = el.closest('.action')
-                stepEl.classList.remove('tooltip-open')
-              }
-            })
-
-            el.addEventListener('click', e => {
-              // click event should just open the tooltip on touch devices
-              if (tippy.currentInput.isTouch) {
-                e.preventDefault()
-              }
-            })
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  })
-</script>
-
-<style>
-  #flow-diagram {
-    background: #fcfcfc;
-    /* font-family: Inter; */
-    /* font-size: 10px; */
-    font-size: 0.7em;
-    padding-bottom: 2em;
-  }
-  .no-js #flow-diagram {
-    display: none
-  }
-  .diagram-grid {
-    display: grid;
-    overflow-x: auto;
-  }
-  .platform, .step, .dots, .block-container, .action {
-    display: contents;
-  }
-  .block, .dot {
-    position: relative;
-    margin: 2em 0.5em;
-  }
-  .block {
-    background-color: #eee;
-    /* margin: 0.5em auto; */
-    padding: 0.5em;
-    max-width: 6em;
-    display: flex;
-    align-items: center;
-    justify-content: center;
-    text-align: center;
-  }
-  .dot {
-    /* margin: 0.5em; */
-    display: flex;
-    align-items: center;
-    justify-content: center;
-  }
-  .dot-graphic {
-    width: 1.3em;
-    height: 1.3em;
-    border-radius: 50%;
-    background: #DADADA;
-  }
-  a.action {
-    color: inherit;
-  }
-  .action.tooltip-open .dot-graphic {
-    background-color: #416EDA;
-  }
-  .action.tooltip-open .block {
-    background-color: #416EDA;
-    color: white;
-  }
-  .grid-column-label {
-    height: 2em;
-    position: relative;
-    display: flex;
-    align-items: center;
-    justify-content: center;
-    margin: 0 0.5em;
-  }
-  .grid-column-label::before {
-    content: "";
-    height: 1px;
-    background-color: currentColor;
-    position: absolute;
-    top: calc(50% - 0.5px);
-    left: 0;
-    right: 0;
-  }
-  .grid-column-label .label {
-    background: #fcfcfc;
-    padding: 0 1em;
-    position: relative;
-  }
-  .grid-row-label {
-    grid-column: 1 / span 1;
-    display: flex;
-    align-items: center;
-    justify-content: flex-end;
-    text-align: right;
-    background: #fcfcfc;
-    position: relative;
-    padding-right: 1em;
-    font-size: 1.1em;
-  }
-  .grid-line {
-    grid-column: 1 / -1;
-    grid-row-end: span 1;
-    position: relative;
-  }
-  .grid-line::after {
-    content: "";
-    height: 1px;
-    background-color: #979797;
-    position: absolute;
-    top: calc(50% - 1px);
-    left: 0;
-    right: 0;
-  }
-  .grid-outline {
-    grid-row-end: span 1;
-    position: relative;
-    color: #8f8f8f;
-  }
-  .grid-outline.docker {
-    grid-row: 3 / span 1;
-    grid-column: 3 / -2;
-  }
-  .grid-outline.testVenv {
-    grid-column: 9 / span 3;
-  }
-  .grid-outline .outline {
-    position: absolute;
-    border: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
-    padding: 1px 3px;
-  }
-  .grid-outline.docker .outline  {
-    left: 0;
-    right: 0;
-    top: 0;
-    bottom: 0;
-  }
-  .grid-outline.testVenv .outline  {
-    left: 0;
-    right: 0;
-    top: 0.5em;
-    bottom: 0.5em;
-  }
-
-  /* style the tooltip */
-  .tippy-box {
-    background: white;
-    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
-    border-radius: 0;
-    text-align: left;
-    font-size: 1em;
-    color: #1F1F1F;
-    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
-    width: 14em;
-    min-width: min-content;
-  }
-  .tippy-box[data-placement^='top'] > .tippy-arrow::before {
-    border-top-color: white;
-  }
-  .tippy-box[data-placement^='bottom'] > .tippy-arrow::before {
-    border-bottom-color: white;
-  }
-  .tippy-box[data-placement^='left'] > .tippy-arrow::before {
-    border-left-color: white;
-  }
-  .tippy-box[data-placement^='right'] > .tippy-arrow::before {
-    border-right-color: white;
-  }
-  a.tooltip-contents {
-    color: inherit;
-    text-decoration: none;
-    display: block;
-  }
-  .tooltip-title {
-    font-weight: 600;
-    font-size: 1.1em;
-    color: #416EDA;
-  }
-  .tooltip-tag {
-    font-weight: 500;
-    text-transform: uppercase;
-    font-size: 0.9em;
-    color: #C9C9C9;
-  }
-  .tooltip-description {
-    margin-top: 1px;
-    margin-bottom: 2px;
-  }
-</style>

docs/extra.css

@@ -1,25 +1,11 @@
 
 /* Global styles */
 
-body {
-    overflow-wrap: break-word;
-    overflow-x: hidden;
-    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-}
-
 p {
     margin-bottom: 12px;
     line-height: 26px;
 }
 
-pre {
-  margin: 1em 0;
-}
-
-pre:first-child {
-  margin-top: 0;
-}
-
 code {
     font-size: 85%;
     background-color: rgba(27,31,35,.05);
@@ -32,10 +18,9 @@ code {
 
 code, pre, tt {
     font-family: SFMono-Regular, Consolas, Liberation Mono, Menlo, monospace;
-    line-height: 1.4;
 }
 
-pre code, pre code.hljs {
+.hljs {
     padding: 1em;
     background-color: #f6f8fa;
 }
@@ -63,13 +48,6 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
   border: none;
 }
 
-@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
-  .wy-nav-content-wrap .wy-nav-content {
-      padding: 1em;
-  }
-}
-
-
 /*
     Code block filename style
 
@@ -113,10 +91,10 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
 .code-block-filename + pre code {
     padding-top: 0.9em;
 }
-/*
+
 .toctree-l3 {
   border-left: 10px solid transparent;
-} */
+}
 
 /* import font awesome 4 for icons */
 @import url(https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css);
@@ -134,21 +112,7 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
   background-color: white;
   display: flex;
   justify-content: flex-start;
-  overflow-x: auto;
+  border-bottom: 2px solid #ccc;
-  overflow-y: hidden;
-  position: relative;
-}
-.tabs-header::before {
-  position: absolute;
-  content: "";
-  bottom: 0;
-  left: 0;
-  right: 0;
-  height: 2px;
-  background: #ccc;
-}
-.tabs-header > * {
-  position: relative;
 }
 
 /* Style the buttons that are used to open the tab content */
@@ -162,13 +126,15 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
   font-size: 0.9em;
   font-weight: 600;
   padding: 8px 16px;
-  border-bottom: 2px solid #ccc;
+  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
+
+  /* put the border on top of the parent border */
+  margin-bottom: -2px;
 }
 
 .tabs-header button:focus-visible {
-  /* preserve an outline for accessibility purposes */
+  /* preserve an outline for accesibility purposes */
   outline: 1px solid currentColor;
-  outline-offset: -1px;
 }
 
 /* Change background color of buttons on hover */
@@ -187,137 +153,4 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
   background-color: #f1f6fa;
   padding: 1px 1em;
   padding-top: 0.8em;
-
-  /* don't collapse inner margins */
-  overflow-y: hidden;
-}
-
-/* Examples tabs styling */
-
-.tabs.examples .tabs-header {
-  justify-content: flex-end;
-  background-color: transparent;
-  border-bottom-style: none;
-  padding: 0;
-}
-.tabs.examples .tabs-header::before {
-  height: 0;
-}
-.tabs.examples .tabs-header button {
-  padding: 6px 12px;
-  border-bottom: none;
-  color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-  font-size: 0.8em;
-  border-top-left-radius: 4px;
-  border-top-right-radius: 4px;
-}
-.tabs-header button:hover {
-  background-color: unset;
-}
-
-.tabs.examples .tabs-header button.active {
-  border-bottom-style: none;
-  background: #f6f8fa;
-  color: inherit;
-}
-.tabs.examples .tabs-content {
-  padding: 0;
-  background-color: transparent;
-  background-color: #f6f8fa;
-}
-.tabs.examples .tabs-content .tab > * {
-  padding-left: 0.8em;
-  padding-right: 0.8em;
-}
-.tabs.examples .tabs-content .tab > pre {
-  padding-left: 0;
-  padding-right: 0;
-  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
-}
-
-/* mkdocs update theme fix-ups */
-
-.rst-content code, .rst-content tt, code {
-  /* border: none; */
-  /* background-color: #f0f1f1; */
-  color: inherit;
-}
-.rst-content pre code {
-  border: none;
-}
-
-.rst-content h1 code,
-.rst-content h2 code,
-.rst-content h3 code,
-.rst-content h4 code,
-.rst-content h5 code,
-.rst-content h6 code {
-  border: none;
-  color: inherit;
-  background-color: #f0f1f1;
-  font-size: 80%;
-}
-
-
-/* expand all the toctree entries */
-.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l1.current .toctree-l2>ul,
-.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l2.current .toctree-l3>ul,
-.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l3.current .toctree-l4>ul,
-.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l4.current .toctree-l5>ul,
-.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l5.current .toctree-l6>ul,
-.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l6.current .toctree-l7>ul,
-.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l7.current .toctree-l8>ul,
-.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l8.current .toctree-l9>ul,
-.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l9.current .toctree-l10>ul,
-.wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l10.current .toctree-l11>ul {
-  display: block;
-}
-
-/* hide all the buttons */
-.wy-menu-vertical li.current>a button.toctree-expand,
-.wy-menu-vertical li.on a button.toctree-expand,
-.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2 button.toctree-expand,
-.wy-menu-vertical li a button.toctree-expand {
-  display: none;
-}
-
-/* toctree layout improvements */
-.wy-menu-vertical a {
-  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
-}
-.wy-menu-vertical li.current>a,
-.wy-menu-vertical li.on a {
-  font-weight: normal;
-  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
-  /* border-right: 1px solid #f0f0f0; */
-}
-.wy-menu-vertical li.current a {
-  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
-}
-.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l3 a,
-.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current li.toctree-l3>a {
-  padding-left: 1.8em;
-}
-.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current>a {
-  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
-}
-.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current>a,
-.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current li.toctree-l3>a {
-  background: transparent;
-}
-.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current>a:hover,
-.wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current li.toctree-l3>a:hover {
-  background: #d6d6d6;
-}
-.wy-menu-vertical li.current>a.current {
-  background: #fafafa !important;
-}
-.wy-menu-vertical li.current a {
-
-}
-
-/* word wrap in table cells */
-.wy-table-responsive table td, .wy-table-responsive table th {
-  white-space: normal;
-  line-height: 1.4;
 }

docs/extra.js

@@ -20,17 +20,6 @@ while (true) {
   tabContainer.insertBefore(firstTab);
   tabContainer.append(headerContainer, contentContainer)
 
-  // add extra classes from the first tab to the container
-  const classes = Array.from(firstTab[0].classList)
-
-  for (let i = 0; i < classes.length; i++) {
-    const element = classes[i];
-    if (element == 'tab' || element == 'admonition') {
-      continue
-    }
-    tabContainer.addClass(element)
-  }
-
   const selectTab = function (index) {
     headerContainer.children().removeClass('active')
     headerContainer.children().eq(index).addClass('active')

docs/faq.md

@@ -2,31 +2,33 @@
 title: Tips and tricks
 ---
 
-# Tips and tricks
+### Troubleshooting
 
-## Tips
+If your wheel didn't compile, check the list below for some debugging tips.
 
-### Linux builds in containers
+- A mistake in your config. To quickly test your config without doing a git push and waiting for your code to build on CI, you can test the Linux build in a Docker container. On Mac or Linux, with Docker running, try `cibuildwheel --platform linux`. You'll have to bring your config into the current environment first.
 
-Linux wheels are built in [`manylinux`/`musllinux` containers](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) to provide binary compatible wheels on Linux, according to [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) / [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Because of this, when building with `cibuildwheel` on Linux, a few things should be taken into account:
+- Missing dependency. You might need to install something on the build machine. You can do this in `.travis.yml`, `appveyor.yml`, or `.circleci/config.yml`, with apt-get, brew or choco. Given how the Linux build works, you'll need to use the [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](options.md#before-build) option.
 
--   Programs and libraries are not installed on the CI runner host, but rather should be installed inside the container - using `yum` for `manylinux2010` or `manylinux2014`, `apt-get` for `manylinux_2_24`, `dnf` for `manylinux_2_28` and `apk` for `musllinux_1_1` or `musllinux_1_2`, or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building.
+- Windows: missing C feature. The Windows C compiler doesn't support C language features invented after 1990, so you'll have to backport your C code to C90. For me, this mostly involved putting my variable declarations at the top of the function like an animal.
 
-    `cibuildwheel` supports this by providing the [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](options.md#environment) and [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) options to setup the build environment inside the running container.
+- MacOS: calling cibuildwheel from a python3 script and getting a `ModuleNotFoundError`? Due to a (fixed) [bug](https://bugs.python.org/issue22490) in CPython, you'll need to [unset the `__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__` variable](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/133#issuecomment-478288597) before activating a venv.
 
--   The project directory is copied into the container as `/project`, the output directory for the wheels to be copied out is `/output`. In general, this is handled transparently by `cibuildwheel`. For a more finegrained level of control however, the root of the host file system is mounted as `/host`, allowing for example to access shared files, caches, etc. on the host file system.  Note that `/host` is not available on CircleCI and GitLab CI due to their Docker policies.
+### Linux builds on Docker
 
--   Alternative Docker images can be specified with the `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`/`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE` options to allow for a custom, preconfigured build environment for the Linux builds. See [options](options.md#linux-image) for more details.
+Linux wheels are built in the [`manylinux` docker images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) to provide binary compatible wheels on Linux, according to [PEP 571](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/). Because of this, when building with `cibuildwheel` on Linux, a few things should be taken into account:
+
+- Programs and libraries are not installed on the Travis CI Ubuntu host, but rather should be installed inside of the Docker image (using `yum` for `manylinux2010` or `manylinux2014`, and `apt-get` for `manylinux_2_24`) or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building. `cibuildwheel` supports this by providing the `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` and `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD` options to setup the build environment inside the running Docker image. See [the options docs](options.md#build-environment) for details on these options.
+
+- The project directory is mounted in the running Docker instance as `/project`, the output directory for the wheels as `/output`. In general, this is handled transparently by `cibuildwheel`. For a more finegrained level of control however, the root of the host file system is mounted as `/host`, allowing for example to access shared files, caches, etc. on the host file system.  Note that this is not available on CircleCI due to their Docker policies.
+
+- Alternative dockers images can be specified with the `CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MANYLINUX_I686_IMAGE`, and `CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE` options to allow for a custom, preconfigured build environment for the Linux builds. See [options](options.md#manylinux-image) for more details.
 
 ### Building macOS wheels for Apple Silicon {: #apple-silicon}
 
-`cibuildwheel` supports both native builds and cross-compiling between `arm64` (Apple Silicon) and `x86_64` (Intel) architectures, including the cross-compatible `universal2` format.
+`cibuildwheel` supports cross-compiling `universal2` and `arm64` wheels on `x86_64` runners. With the introduction of Apple Silicon, you now have several choices for wheels for Python 3.9+:
 
-#### Overview of Mac architectures
+#### `x86_64`
-
-You have several choices for wheels for Python 3.8+:
-
-##### `x86_64`
 
 The traditional wheel for Apple, loads on Intel machines, and on
 Apple Silicon when running Python under Rosetta 2 emulation.
@@ -34,19 +36,20 @@ Apple Silicon when running Python under Rosetta 2 emulation.
 Due to a change in naming, Pip 20.3+ (or an installer using packaging 20.5+)
 is required to install a binary wheel on macOS Big Sur.
 
-##### `arm64`
+#### `arm64`
 
 The native wheel for macOS on Apple Silicon.
 
 Requires Pip 20.3+ (or packaging 20.5+) to install.
 
-##### `universal2`
+#### `universal2`
 
 This wheel contains both architectures, causing it to be up to twice the
 size (data files do not get doubled, only compiled code). It requires
 Pip 20.3 (Packaging 20.6+) to load on Intel, and Pip 21.0.1 (Packaging 20.9+)
 to load on Apple Silicon.
 
+!!! note
     The dual-architecture `universal2` has a few benefits, but a key benefit
     to a universal wheel is that a user can bundle these wheels into an
     application and ship a single binary.
@@ -57,38 +60,36 @@ you might want to build all three, but in that case, pip will not download
     the universal wheels, because it prefers the most specific wheel
     available.
 
-#### What to provide?
-
 Generally speaking, because Pip 20.3 is required for the `universal2` wheel,
-most packages should provide both `x86_64` and one of `universal2`/`arm64`
+most packages should provide both `x86_64` and `universal2` wheels for now.
-wheels. When Pip 20.3+ is common on macOS, then it might be possible to ship
+Once Pip 20.3+ is common on macOS, then it should be possible to ship only the
-only the `universal2` wheel.
+`universal2` wheel.
 
-Opinions vary on which of arch-specific or `universal2` wheels are best - some packagers prefer `universal2` because it's one wheel for all Mac users, so simpler, and easier to build into apps for downstream users. However, because they contain code for both architectures, their file size is larger, meaning they consume more disk space and bandwidth, and are harder to build for some projects.
+**Apple Silicon wheels are not built by default**, but can be enabled by adding extra archs to the [`CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS` option](options.md#archs) - e.g. `x86_64 arm64 universal2`. Cross-compilation is provided by the Xcode toolchain.
 
-See [GitHub issue 1333](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/1333) for more discussion.
+!!! important
+    When cross-compiling on Intel, it is not possible to test `arm64` and the `arm64` part of a `universal2` wheel.
 
-#### How?
+    `cibuildwheel` will raise a warning to notify you of this - these warnings be be silenced by skipping testing on these platforms: `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: *_arm64 *_universal2:arm64`.
 
-It's easiest to build `x86_64` wheels on `x86_64` runners, and `arm64` wheels on `arm64` runners.
+Hopefully, cross-compilation is a temporary situation. Once we have widely
-
+available Apple Silicon CI runners, we can build and test `arm64` and
-On GitHub Actions, `macos-14` runners are `arm64`, and `macos-13` runners are `x86_64`. So all you need to do is ensure both are in your build matrix.
+`universal2` wheels natively. That's why `universal2` wheels are not yet built
-
+by default, and require opt-in by setting `CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS`.
-#### Cross-compiling
-
-If your CI provider doesn't offer arm64 runners yet, or you want to create `universal2`, you'll have to cross-compile. Cross-compilation can be enabled by adding extra archs to the [`CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS` option](options.md#archs) - e.g. `CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS="x86_64 universal2"`. Cross-compilation is provided by Xcode toolchain v12.2+.
-
-Regarding testing,
-
-- On an arm64 runner, it is possible to test x86_64 wheels and both parts of a universal2 wheel using Rosetta 2 emulation.
-- On an x86_64 runner, arm64 code can be compiled but it can't be tested. `cibuildwheel` will raise a warning to notify you of this - these warnings can be silenced by skipping testing on these platforms: `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*_arm64 *_universal2:arm64"`.
 
 !!! note
-    If your project uses **Poetry** as a build backend, cross-compiling on macOS [does not currently work](https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry/issues/7107). In some cases arm64 wheels can be built but their tags will be incorrect, with the platform tag showing `x86_64` instead of `arm64`.
+    Your runner needs Xcode Command Line Tools 12.2 or later to build `universal2` or `arm64`.
 
-    As a workaround, the tag can be fixed before running delocate to repair the wheel. The [`wheel tags`](https://wheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/wheel_tags.html) command is ideal for this. See [this workflow](https://gist.github.com/anderssonjohan/49f07e33fc5cb2420515a8ac76dc0c95#file-build-pendulum-wheels-yml-L39-L53) for an example usage of `wheel tags`.
+    So far, only CPython 3.9 supports `universal2` and `arm64` wheels.
 
-### Building Linux wheels for non-native archs using emulation  {: #emulation}
+Here's an example GitHub Actions workflow with a job that builds for Apple Silicon:
+
+> .github/workflows/build_macos.yml
+```yml
+{% include "../examples/github-apple-silicon.yml" %}
+```
+
+### Building non-native architectures using emulation  {: #emulation}
 
 cibuildwheel supports building non-native architectures on Linux, via
 emulation through the binfmt_misc kernel feature. The easiest way to use this
@@ -109,15 +110,63 @@ Linux), and the other architectures are emulated automatically.
 {% include "../examples/github-with-qemu.yml" %}
 ```
 
-### Building CPython ABI3 wheels (Limited API) {: #abi3}
+### Building Apple Silicon wheels on Intel {: #apple-silicon}
 
-The CPython Limited API is a subset of the Python C Extension API that's declared to be forward-compatible, meaning you can compile wheels for one version of Python, and they'll be compatible with future versions. Wheels that use the Limited API are known as ABI3 wheels.
+`cibuildwheel` supports cross-compiling `universal2` and `arm64` wheels on `x86_64` runners.
 
-To create a package that builds ABI3 wheels, you'll need to configure your build backend to compile libraries correctly create wheels with the right tags. [Check this repo](https://github.com/joerick/python-abi3-package-sample) for an example of how to do this with setuptools.
+These wheels are not built by default, but can be enabled by setting the [`CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS` option](options.md#archs) to `x86_64 arm64 universal2`. Cross-compilation is provided by the Xcode toolchain.
 
-You could also consider running [abi3audit](https://github.com/trailofbits/abi3audit) against the produced wheels in order to check for abi3 violations or inconsistencies. You can run it alongside the default in your [CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND](options.md#repair-wheel-command).
+!!! important
+    When cross-compiling on Intel, it is not possible to test `arm64` and the `arm64` part of a `universal2` wheel.
 
-### Packages with optional C extensions {: #optional-extensions}
+    `cibuildwheel` will raise a warning to notify you of this - these warnings be be silenced by skipping testing on these platforms: `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: *_arm64 *_universal2:arm64`.
+
+Hopefully, this is a temporary situation. Once we have widely available Apple Silicon CI runners, we can build and test `arm64` and `universal2` wheels more natively. That's why `universal2` wheels are not yet built by default, and require opt-in by setting `CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS`.
+
+!!! note
+    Your runner image needs Xcode Command Line Tools 12.2 or later to build `universal2` and `arm64`.
+
+    So far, only CPython 3.9 supports `universal2` and `arm64` wheels.
+
+Here's an example GitHub Actions workflow with a job that builds for Apple Silicon:
+
+> .github/workflows/build_macos.yml
+
+```yml
+{% include "../examples/github-apple-silicon.yml" %}
+```
+
+### Windows and Python 2.7
+
+Building 2.7 extensions on Windows is difficult, because the VS 2008 compiler that was used for the original Python compilation was discontinued in 2018, and has since been removed from Microsoft's downloads. Most people choose to not build Windows 2.7 wheels, or to override the compiler to something more modern.
+
+To override, you need to have a modern compiler toolchain activated, and set `DISTUTILS_USE_SDK=1` and `MSSdk=1`. For example, on GitHub Actions, you would add these steps:
+
+```yaml
+    - name: Prepare compiler environment for Windows
+      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+      with:
+        arch: x64
+
+    - name: Set Windows environment variables
+      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        echo "DISTUTILS_USE_SDK=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "MSSdk=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+    # invoke cibuildwheel...
+```
+
+cibuildwheel will not try to build 2.7 on Windows unless it detects that the above two variables are set. Note that changing to a more modern compiler will mean your wheel picks up a runtime dependency to a different [Visual C++ Redistributable][]. You also need to be [a bit careful][] in designing your extension; some major binding tools like pybind11 do this for you.
+
+More on setting a custom Windows toolchain in our docs on modern C++ standards [here](cpp_standards.md#windows-and-python-27).
+
+[Visual C++ Redistributable]: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/the-latest-supported-visual-c-downloads-2647da03-1eea-4433-9aff-95f26a218cc0
+[a bit careful]: https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq.html#working-with-ancient-visual-studio-2008-builds-on-windows
+
+### Building packages with optional C extensions
 
 `cibuildwheel` defines the environment variable `CIBUILDWHEEL` to the value `1` allowing projects for which the C extension is optional to make it mandatory when building wheels.
 
@@ -131,183 +180,7 @@ myextension = Extension(
 )
 ```
 
-### Automatic updates using Dependabot {: #automatic-updates}
+### 'No module named XYZ' errors after running cibuildwheel on macOS
-
-Selecting a moving target (like the latest release) is generally a bad idea in CI. If something breaks, you can't tell whether it was your code or an upstream update that caused the breakage, and in a worse-case scenario, it could occur during a release.
-
-There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead involve scheduled pull requests using GitHub's Dependabot.
-
-#### Option 1: GitHub Action
-
-If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
-
-```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.20.0
-```
-
-This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
-
-Then, your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
-
-```yaml
-version: 2
-updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
-```
-
-#### Option 2: Requirement files
-
-The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `requirements-*.txt` file. The file should have a distinct name and have only one entry:
-
-```bash
-# requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==2.20.0
-```
-
-Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
-
-```yaml
-version: 2
-updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
-```
-
-This will also try to update other pins in all requirement files, so be sure you want to do that. The only control you have over the files used is via the directory option.
-
-
-### Alternatives to cibuildwheel options {: #cibw-options-alternatives}
-
-cibuildwheel provides lots of opportunities to configure the build
-environment. However, you  might consider adding this build configuration into
-the package itself - in general, this is preferred, because users of your
-package 'sdist' will also benefit.
-
-#### Missing build dependencies {: #cibw-options-alternatives-deps}
-
-If your build needs Python dependencies, rather than using `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`, it's best to add these to the
-[`build-system.requires`](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0518/#build-system-table)
-section of your pyproject.toml. For example, if your project requires Cython
-to build, your pyproject.toml might include a section like this:
-
-```toml
-[build-system]
-requires = [
-    "setuptools>=42",
-    "Cython",
-]
-
-build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
-```
-
-#### Actions you need to perform before building
-
-You might need to run some other commands before building, like running a
-script that performs codegen or downloading some data that's not stored in
-your source tree.
-
-Rather than using `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL` or `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`, you could incorporate
-these steps into your package's build process. For example, if you're using
-setuptools, you can add steps to your package's `setup.py` using a structure
-like this:
-
-```python
-import subprocess
-import setuptools
-import setuptools.command.build_py
-
-
-class BuildPyCommand(setuptools.command.build_py.build_py):
-    """Custom build command."""
-
-    def run(self):
-        # your custom build steps here
-        # e.g.
-        #   subprocess.run(['python', 'scripts/my_custom_script.py'], check=True)
-        setuptools.command.build_py.build_py.run(self)
-
-
-setuptools.setup(
-    cmdclass={
-        'build_py': BuildPyCommand,
-    },
-    # Usual setup() args.
-    # ...
-)
-```
-
-#### Compiler flags
-
-Your build might need some compiler flags to be set through environment variables.
-Consider incorporating these into your package, for example, in `setup.py` using [`extra_compile_args` or
-`extra_link_args`](https://docs.python.org/3/distutils/setupscript.html#other-options).
-
-### Python 2.7 / PyPy2 wheels
-
-See the [cibuildwheel version 1 docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/1.x/) for information about building Python 2.7 or PyPy2 wheels. There are lots of tricks and workaround there that are no longer required for Python 3 in cibuildwheel 2.
-
-## Troubleshooting
-
-If your wheel didn't compile, you might have a mistake in your config.
-
-To quickly test your config without doing a git push and waiting for your code to build on CI, you can [test the Linux build in a local Docker container](setup.md#local).
-
-### Missing dependencies
-
-Sometimes a build will fail due to a missing dependency.
-
-**If the build is missing a Python package**, you should [add it to pyproject.toml](#cibw-options-alternatives-deps).
-
-**If you need a build tool** (e.g. cmake, automake, ninja), you can install it through a package manager like apt/yum, brew or choco, using the [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) option.
-
-**If your build is linking into a native library dependency**, you can build/install that in [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all). However, on Linux, Mac (and Windows if you're using [delvewheel]), the library that you install will be bundled into the wheel in the [repair step]. So take care to ensure that
-
-- the bundled library doesn't accidentally increase the minimum system requirements (such as the minimum macOS version)
-- the bundled library matches the architecture of the wheel you're building when cross-compiling
-
-This is particularly an issue on macOS, where de facto package manager Homebrew will install libraries that are compiled for the specific version of macOS that the build machine is running, rendering the wheels useless for any previous version. And brew will not install the right arch for cross compilation of Apple Silicon wheels.
-
-For these reasons, it's strongly recommended to not use brew for native library dependencies. Instead, we recommend compiling the library yourself. If you compile in the [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) step, cibuildwheel will have already set the appropriate `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` env var, so the library will target the correct version of macOS.
-
-!!! tip
-    For build steps, Homebrew is still a great resource - you can [look up the build formula](https://formulae.brew.sh/) and use that as a starting point.
-
-[delvewheel]: https://github.com/adang1345/delvewheel
-[repair step]: options.md#repair-wheel-command
-[Homebrew]: https://brew.sh/
-[delocate]: https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate
-
-### Building Rust wheels
-
-If you build Rust wheels, you need to download the Rust compilers in manylinux.
-If you support 32-bit Windows, you need to add this as a potential target. You
-can do this on GitHub Actions, for example, with:
-
-```yaml
-CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX: curl -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y
-CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_WINDOWS: rustup target add i686-pc-windows-msvc
-CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_LINUX: "PATH=$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH"
-```
-
-Rust does not provide Cargo for musllinux 32-bit, so that needs to be skipped:
-
-```toml
-[tool.cibuildwheel]
-skip = ["*-musllinux_i686"]
-```
-
-Also see [maturin-action](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin-action) which is optimized for Rust wheels, builds the non-Python Rust modules once, and can cross-compile (and can build 32-bit musl, for example).
-
-### macOS: ModuleNotFoundError
-
-Calling cibuildwheel from a python3 script and getting a `ModuleNotFoundError`? Due to a (fixed) [bug](https://bugs.python.org/issue22490) in CPython, you'll need to [unset the `__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__` variable](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/133#issuecomment-478288597) before activating a venv.
-
-### macOS: 'No module named XYZ' errors after running cibuildwheel
 
 `cibuildwheel` on Mac installs the distributions from Python.org system-wide during its operation. This is necessary, but it can cause some confusing errors after cibuildwheel has finished.
 
@@ -322,81 +195,20 @@ python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 
 This doesn't work because while `cibuildwheel` was running, it installed a few new versions of 'python3', so the `python3` run on line 3 isn't the same as the `python3` that ran on line 1.
 
-Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to use pipx:
+Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to install tools immediately before they're used:
 
 ```bash
-# most runners have pipx preinstalled, but in case you don't
+python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel
-python3 -m pip install pipx
+python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-
+python3 -m pip install twine
-pipx run cibuildwheel==2.20.0 --output-dir wheelhouse
+python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
-pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 
-### macOS: Passing DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH to delocate
+### 'ImportError: DLL load failed: The specific module could not be found' error on Windows
 
-macOS has built-in [System Integrity protections](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/System_Integrity_Protection_Guide/RuntimeProtections/RuntimeProtections.html) which limits the use of `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH` and `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` so that it does not automatically pass to children processes. This means if you set `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH` before running cibuildwheel, or even set it in `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`, it will be stripped out of the environment before delocate is called.
+Visual Studio and MSVC link the compiled binary wheels to the Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime. Normally, these are included with Python, but when compiling with a newer version of Visual Studio, it is possible users will run into problems on systems that do not have these runtime libraries installed. The solution is to ask users to download the corresponding Visual C++ Redistributable from the [Microsoft website](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2977003/the-latest-supported-visual-c-downloads) and install it. Since a Python installation normally includes these VC++ Redistributable files for [the version of the MSVC compiler used to compile Python](https://wiki.python.org/moin/WindowsCompilers), this is typically only a problem when compiling a Python 2.7 C extension with a newer compiler, e.g. to support a modern C++ standard (see [the section on modern C++ standards for Python 2.7](cpp_standards.md#windows-and-python-27) for more details).
 
-To work around this, use a different environment variable such as `REPAIR_LIBRARY_PATH` to store the library path, and set `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH` in [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_MACOS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command), like this:
+Additionally, Visual Studio 2019 started linking to an even newer DLL, `VCRUNTIME140_1.dll`, besides the `VCRUNTIME140.dll` that is included with recent Python versions (starting from Python 3.5; see [here](https://wiki.python.org/moin/WindowsCompilers) for more details on the corresponding Visual Studio & MSVC versions used to compile the different Python versions). To avoid this extra dependency on `VCRUNTIME140_1.dll`, the [`/d2FH4-` flag](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/making-cpp-exception-handling-smaller-x64/) can be added to the MSVC invocations (check out [this issue](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/423) for details and references).
-
-!!! tab examples "Environment variables"
-
-    ```yaml
-    CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_MACOS: >
-        DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$REPAIR_LIBRARY_PATH delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}
-    ```
-
-!!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
-
-    ```toml
-    [tool.cibuildwheel.macos]
-    repair-wheel-command = """\
-    DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$REPAIR_LIBRARY_PATH delocate-wheel \
-    --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}\
-    """
-    ```
-
-See [#816](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/816), thanks to @phoerious for reporting.
-
-### macOS: Building CPython 3.8 wheels on arm64
-
-If you're building on an arm64 runner, you might notice something strange about CPython 3.8 - unlike Python 3.9+, it's cross-compiled to arm64 from an x86_64 version of Python running under Rosetta emulation. This is because (despite the prevalence of arm64 versions of Python 3.8 from Apple and Homebrew) there is no officially supported Python.org installer of Python 3.8 for arm64.
-
-This is fine for simple C extensions, but for more complicated builds on arm64 it becomes an issue.
-
-So, if you want to build macOS arm64 wheels on an arm64 runner (e.g., `macos-14`) on Python 3.8, before invoking cibuildwheel, you should install a native arm64 Python 3.8 interpreter on the runner:
-
-
-!!! tab "GitHub Actions"
-
-    ```yaml
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-      with:
-        python-version: 3.8
-      if: runner.os == 'macOS' && runner.arch == 'ARM64'
-    ```
-
-!!! tab "Generic"
-
-    ```bash
-    curl -o /tmp/Python38.pkg https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
-    sudo installer -pkg /tmp/Python38.pkg -target /
-    sh "/Applications/Python 3.8/Install Certificates.command"
-    ```
-
-Then cibuildwheel will detect that it's installed and use it instead. However, you probably don't want to build x86_64 wheels on this Python, unless you're happy with them only supporting macOS 11+.
-
-### macOS: Library dependencies do not satisfy target MacOS
-
-Since delocate 0.11.0 there is added verification that the library binary dependencies match the target macOS version. This is to prevent the situation where a wheel platform tag is lower than the actual minimum macOS version required by the library. To resolve this error you need to build the library to the same macOS version as the target wheel (for example using `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` environment variable).
-Alternatively, you could set `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` in `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` to correctly label the wheel as incompatible with older macOS versions.
-
-This error may happen when you install a library using a package manager like Homebrew, which compiles the library for the macOS version of the build machine. This is not suitable for wheels, as the library will only work on the same macOS version as the build machine. You should compile the library yourself, or use a precompiled binary that matches the target macOS version.
-
-### Windows: 'ImportError: DLL load failed: The specific module could not be found'
-
-Visual Studio and MSVC link the compiled binary wheels to the Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime. Normally, the C parts of the runtime are included with Python, but the C++ components are not. When compiling modules using C++, it is possible users will run into problems on systems that do not have the full set of runtime libraries installed. The solution is to ask users to download the corresponding Visual C++ Redistributable from the [Microsoft website](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2977003/the-latest-supported-visual-c-downloads) and install it.
-
-Additionally, Visual Studio 2019 started linking to an even newer DLL, `VCRUNTIME140_1.dll`, besides the `VCRUNTIME140.dll` that is included with recent Python versions (starting from Python 3.5; see [here](https://wiki.python.org/moin/WindowsCompilers) for more details on the corresponding Visual Studio & MSVC versions used to compile the different Python versions). To avoid this extra dependency on `VCRUNTIME140_1.dll`, the [`/d2FH4-` flag](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/making-cpp-exception-handling-smaller-x64/) can be added to the MSVC invocations (check out [this issue](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/423) for details and references). CPython 3.8.3 and all versions after it have this extra DLL, so it is only needed for 3.8 and earlier.
 
 To add the `/d2FH4-` flag to a standard `setup.py` using `setuptools`, the `extra_compile_args` option can be used:
 
@@ -410,12 +222,57 @@ To add the `/d2FH4-` flag to a standard `setup.py` using `setuptools`, the `extr
     ],
 ```
 
-To investigate the dependencies of a C extension (i.e., the `.pyd` file, a DLL in disguise) on Windows, [Dependency Walker](http://www.dependencywalker.com/) is a great tool. For diagnosing a failing import, the [dlltracer](https://pypi.org/project/dlltracer/) tool may also provide additional details.
+To investigate the dependencies of a C extension (i.e., the `.pyd` file, a DLL in disguise) on Windows, [Dependency Walker](http://www.dependencywalker.com/) is a great tool.
 
-### Windows ARM64 builds {: #windows-arm64}
 
-`cibuildwheel` supports cross-compiling `ARM64` wheels on all Windows runners, but a native ARM64 runner is required for testing. On non-native runners, tests for ARM64 wheels will be automatically skipped with a warning. Add `"*-win_arm64"` to your `CIBW_TEST_SKIP` setting to suppress the warning.
+### Automatic updates {: #automatic-updates}
 
-Cross-compilation on Windows relies on a supported build backend. Supported backends use an environment variable to specify their target platform (the one they are compiling native modules for, as opposed to the one they are running on), which is set in [cibuildwheels/windows.py](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/windows.py) before building. Currently, `setuptools>=65.4.1` and `setuptools_rust` are the only supported backends.
+Selecting a moving target (like the latest release) is generally a bad idea in CI. If something breaks, you can't tell whether it was your code or an upstream update that caused the breakage, and in a worse-case scenario, it could occur during a release.
+There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead involve scheduled pull requests using GitHub's dependabot.
 
-By default, `ARM64` is not enabled when running on non-ARM64 runners. Use [`CIBW_ARCHS`](options.md#archs) to select it.
+#### Option 1: GitHub Action
+
+If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
+
+```yaml
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v1.12.0
+```
+
+This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
+
+Then, your `dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
+
+```yaml
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    ignore:
+      # Optional: Official actions have moving tags like v1;
+      # if you use those, you don't need updates.
+      - dependency-name: "actions/*"
+```
+
+#### Option 2: Requirement files
+
+The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `requirements-*.txt` file. The file should have a distinct name and have only one entry:
+
+```bash
+# requirements-cibw.txt
+cibuildwheel==1.12.0
+```
+
+Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
+
+```yaml
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+```
+
+This will also try to update other pins in all requirement files, so be sure you want to do that. The only control you have over the files used is via the directory option.

docs/index.md

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 title: Home
 ---
 
-# cibuildwheel
-
 {%
    include-markdown "../README.md"
    start="<!--intro-start-->"
@@ -11,14 +9,3 @@ title: Home
 %}
 
 To get started, head over to the [setup guide](setup.md).
-
-How it works
-------------
-
-This diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platform to build your package's wheels.
-
-{%
-   include "diagram.html"
-%}
-
-This isn't exhaustive, for a full list of the things cibuildwheel can do, check the [options](options.md) page.

docs/main.py

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import os
-import subprocess
-import sysconfig
-from typing import Any
-
-
-def define_env(env: Any) -> None:
-    "Hook function for mkdocs-macros"
-
-    @env.macro
-    def subprocess_run(*args: str) -> str:
-        "Run a subprocess and return the stdout"
-        env = os.environ.copy()
-        scripts = sysconfig.get_path("scripts")
-        env["PATH"] = f"{scripts}{os.pathsep}{env.get('PATH', '')}"
-        return subprocess.run(args, check=True, capture_output=True, text=True, env=env).stdout