Bump version: v4.2.0

Update dependencies

Co-authored-by: cibuildwheel-bot[bot] <83877280+cibuildwheel-bot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/workflows/copilot-setup-steps.yml

@@ -19,16 +19,16 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.x"
           allow-prereleases: true
 
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
 
       - name: Install tooling
         run: |

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
   dist:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ jobs:
         path: dist
 
     - name: Generate artifact attestation for sdist and wheel
-      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@a2bbfa25375fe432b6a289bc6b6cd05ecd0c4c32 # v4.1.0
+      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@0f67c3f4856b2e3261c31976d6725780e5e4c373 # v4.1.1
       with:
         subject-path: "dist/cibuildwheel-*"
 
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@cef221092ed1bacb1cc03d23a2d87d1d172e277b # v1.14.0
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ba38be9e461d3875417946c167d0b5f3d385a247 # v1.14.1
       with:
         attestations: true

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ on:
       - .travis.yml
       - README.md
       - azure-pipelines.yml
-      - mkdocs.yml
+      - properdocs.yml
       - noxfile.py
   workflow_dispatch:
     # allow manual runs on branches without a PR
@@ -34,19 +34,23 @@ concurrency:
   group: test-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+env:
+  # runners see short DNS/network outages; uv's default of 3 retries is too few
+  UV_HTTP_RETRIES: "6"
+
 jobs:
   lint:
     name: Linters (mypy, ruff, etc.)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
-    - uses: j178/prek-action@bdca6f102f98e2b4c7029491a53dfd366469e33d # v2.0.4
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
+    - uses: j178/prek-action@5337cb91e0fa35a7ff31b9ca345126d8bbbcdf16 # v2.0.6
     - name: PyLint checks
       run: uvx nox -s pylint -- --output-format=github
 
@@ -55,14 +59,14 @@ jobs:
     needs: lint
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
       name: Install Python
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
     - name: Generate a sample project
@@ -117,16 +121,16 @@ jobs:
           test_select: android
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
       name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
 
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
 
     - name: Free up disk space
       if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.test_select != 'android'
@@ -139,7 +143,7 @@ jobs:
     # for oci_container unit tests
     - name: Set up QEMU
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8 # v4.2.0
 
     - name: Set up Xcode
       if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos-15') }}
@@ -168,6 +172,9 @@ jobs:
           if [[ -n "$GITHUB_PR_LABEL_CI_GRAALPY" ]]; then
             CIBW_ENABLE+=" graalpy"
           fi
+          if [[ -n "$GITHUB_PR_LABEL_CI_PYPY_EOL" ]]; then
+            CIBW_ENABLE+=" pypy-eol"
+          fi
         fi
         echo "CIBW_ENABLE=${CIBW_ENABLE}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
@@ -247,13 +254,13 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       archs: ${{ steps.archs.outputs.archs }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
     - name: Get qemu emulated architectures
@@ -272,18 +279,18 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         arch: ${{ fromJSON(needs.emulated-archs.outputs.archs) }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
 
     - name: Set up QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4.0.0
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8 # v4.2.0
 
     - name: Run the emulation tests
       env:
@@ -296,14 +303,14 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
       name: Install Python 3.12
       with:
         python-version: '3.12'
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
@@ -321,13 +328,13 @@ jobs:
         output-dir: wheelhouse
       env:
         CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
-        CIBW_ENABLE: pyodide-prerelease
+        CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease
 
     - name: Run tests with 'CIBW_PLATFORM' set to 'pyodide'
       run: uv run --no-sync ./bin/run_tests.py
       env:
         CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide
-        CIBW_ENABLE: pyodide-prerelease
+        CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease
 
   test-uv-extras:
     name: Test uv extra on ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.test_select }}
@@ -348,7 +355,7 @@ jobs:
         - os: macos-15
           test_select: android
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
     - name: Download a sample project

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ jobs:
         permission-contents: write
         permission-pull-requests: write
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
-    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
+    - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
       with:
         python-version: "3.14"
 
@@ -69,4 +69,5 @@ jobs:
         labels: |
           CI: GraalPy
           CI: PyPy
+          CI: PyPy EoL
           dependencies

.github/workflows/update-major-minor-tag.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 

.github/workflows/zizmor.yml

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ jobs:
       security-events: write
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Run zizmor 🌈
-        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@5f14fd08f7cf1cb1609c1e344975f152c7ee938d # v0.5.6
+        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@6fc4b006235f201fdab3722e17240ab420d580e5 # v0.6.1

.gitignore

@@ -122,3 +122,4 @@ site/
 
 # This file should be a symlink or contain "See @AGENTS.md"
 CLAUDE.md
+.claude/

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 linux:
-  image: python:3.12
+  image: python:3.13
   services:
     - name: docker:dind
       entrypoint: ["env", "-u", "DOCKER_HOST"]
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ linux:
     # (comment the below line in a PR to debug a Gitlab-specific issue)
     PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
   rules:
-    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
+    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main" || $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH =~ /^gitlab/'
       variables:
         CIBW_ENABLE: "all"
   script:
@@ -25,28 +25,29 @@ linux:
     - python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
 windows:
-  image: mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:1809
   variables:
     PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
-  before_script:
-    - choco install python -y --allow-downgrade --version 3.12.4
   rules:
-    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
+    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main" || $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH =~ /^gitlab/'
       variables:
-        CIBW_ENABLE: "all"
+        # Everything except graalpy. GraalPy is JVM-based and very slow to
+        # start; on the small (2-core) GitLab SaaS Windows runners,
+        # virtualenv's interpreter query for graalpy.exe times out, failing
+        # the build. (Other platforms run the full "all" group.)
+        CIBW_ENABLE: "cpython-prerelease pypy pypy-eol pyodide-eol pyodide-prerelease"
   script:
-    - py -m pip install -U pip
-    - py -m pip install -e. pytest-custom-exit-code --group test
-    - py bin\run_tests.py
+    - python -m pip install -U pip
+    - python -m pip install -e. pytest-custom-exit-code --group test
+    - python bin\run_tests.py
   tags:
     - saas-windows-medium-amd64
 
 macos:
-  image: macos-14-xcode-15
+  image: macos-15-xcode-16
   variables:
     PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
   rules:
-    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main"'
+    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "main" || $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH =~ /^gitlab/'
       variables:
         CIBW_ENABLE: "all"
   script:

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ repos:
     exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/android/android.patch$
 
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: 0c7b6c989466a93942def1f84baf36ddfcd60c83  # frozen: v0.15.14
+  rev: c59bba8fb259db0fec2bbb77ad8ba51ea7341b56  # frozen: v0.15.20
   hooks:
   - id: ruff-check
     args: ["--fix"]
   - id: ruff-format
 
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: fc0f09a29bb495f4a91f00266155d6282d52485d  # frozen: v1.20.2
+  rev: d2823d321df3af8f878f7ee3414dc94d037145b9  # frozen: v2.1.0
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
     name: mypy 3.11 on cibuildwheel/
@@ -37,9 +37,7 @@ repos:
       - dependency-groups>=1.2
       - humanize
       - nox>=2025.2.9
-      - orjson
       - packaging
-      - pyelftools
       - pygithub
       - pytest
       - rich
@@ -78,6 +76,14 @@ repos:
     files: '^(README\.md|docs/changelog\.md|docs/options\.md|bin/readme.*)$'
     additional_dependencies: [cogapp>=3.5]
 
+- repo: https://github.com/henryiii/flake8-lazy
+  rev: 5fed9a818f2583f0403aed779bf2b6c9aa8d25f4  # frozen: v0.8.5
+  hooks:
+  - id: flake8-lazy
+    args: ["--apply=set"]
+    files: '^cibuildwheel'
+    exclude: "^cibuildwheel/resources/"
+
 - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
   rev: 2ccb47ff45ad361a21071a7eedda4c37e6ae8c5a  # frozen: v2.4.2
   hooks:
@@ -87,14 +93,13 @@ repos:
 
 
 - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-  rev: 943377262562a12b57292fc98fabd7dbf81451fe  # frozen: 0.37.2
+  rev: 1a4bb160cab6417b3045e1b37b6b72449243e658  # frozen: 0.37.4
   hooks:
     - id: check-dependabot
     - id: check-github-actions
     - id: check-github-workflows
     - id: check-gitlab-ci
     - id: check-readthedocs
-    - id: check-travis
     - id: check-jsonschema
       name: Check projects
       args: [--schemafile, docs/data/projects.schema.json]

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ build:
     - asdf plugin add uv
     - asdf install uv latest
     - asdf global uv latest
-    - NO_COLOR=1 uv run --python 3.14 --managed-python --no-dev --group docs mkdocs build --strict --site-dir $READTHEDOCS_OUTPUT/html
+    - NO_COLOR=1 uv run --python 3.14 --managed-python --no-dev --group docs properdocs build --strict --site-dir $READTHEDOCS_OUTPUT/html

AGENTS.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 - `nox -s tests -- test -k before_build` — single integration test/file via pytest `-k`.
 - `nox -s lint` — run all linters (pre-commit/prek).
 - `nox -s pylint` — run pylint separately (not in pre-commit).
-- `nox -s docs` — mkdocs serve (interactive) or build (non-interactive).
+- `nox -s docs` — properdocs serve (interactive) or build (non-interactive).
 - Set up local dev env at `.venv`: `uv sync` (dependency groups used).
 
 ## Project layout
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 - `test/` — **integration tests** (expensive, run actual wheel builds).
 - `unit_test/` — **unit tests** (fast, no wheel builds).
 - `bin/` — maintainer scripts (update pins, generate README tables, schema, etc.).
-- `docs/` — mkdocs source.
+- `docs/` — properdocs (MkDocs fork) source.
 
 ## Testing specifics
 - Three test suites exist, run in this order by `bin/run_tests.py`:

README.md

@@ -22,27 +22,24 @@ What does it do?
 
 While cibuildwheel itself requires a recent Python version to run (we support the last three releases), it can target the following versions to build wheels:
 
-|                          | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64  | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x | manylinux<br/>musllinux armv7l | Android | iOS | Pyodide        |
-| ------------------------ | ----------- | ------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | -------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------- | --- | -------------- |
-| CPython 3.9              | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| CPython 3.10             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| CPython 3.11             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| CPython 3.12             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | ✅<sup>3</sup> |
-| CPython 3.13             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | ✅             |
-| CPython 3.14             | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | ✅<sup>4</sup> |
-| CPython 3.15<sup>6</sup> | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>5</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | N/A            |
-| PyPy 3.9 v7.3            | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| PyPy 3.10 v7.3           | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| PyPy 3.11 v7.3           | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| GraalPy 3.11 v24.2       | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | N/A                          | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
-| GraalPy 3.12 v25.0       | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | N/A                          | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+|                    | macOS Intel | macOS Apple Silicon | Windows 64bit | Windows 32bit | Windows Arm64  | manylinux<br/>musllinux x86_64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux i686 | manylinux<br/>musllinux aarch64 | manylinux<br/>musllinux ppc64le | manylinux<br/>musllinux s390x | manylinux<br/>musllinux armv7l | Android | iOS | Pyodide        |
+|--------------------| ----------- | ------------------- | ------------- | ------------- | -------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------- | --- | -------------- |
+| CPython 3.9        | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| CPython 3.10       | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| CPython 3.11       | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| CPython 3.12       | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | N/A     | N/A | ✅<sup>3</sup> |
+| CPython 3.13       | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | ✅             |
+| CPython 3.14       | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | ✅             |
+| CPython 3.15       | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | ✅            | ✅<sup>2</sup> | ✅                             | ✅                           | ✅                              | ✅                              | ✅                            | ✅<sup>4</sup>                 | ✅      | ✅  | ✅             |
+| PyPy 3.9 v7.3      | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| PyPy 3.10 v7.3     | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| PyPy 3.11 v7.3     | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | ✅<sup>1</sup>               | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
+| GraalPy 3.12 v25.0 | ✅          | ✅                  | ✅            | N/A           | N/A            | ✅<sup>1</sup>                 | N/A                          | ✅<sup>1</sup>                  | N/A                             | N/A                           | N/A                            | N/A     | N/A | N/A            |
 
 <sup>**1** PyPy & GraalPy are only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
 <sup>**2** Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>
 <sup>**3** Not supported on PyPI, uses old `pyodide` tag instead of `pyemscripten`. Requires `pyodide-eol` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable).</sup><br>
-<sup>**4** Experimental alpha ABI, do not upload to PyPI yet.</sup><br>
-<sup>**5** manylinux armv7l support is experimental. As there are no RHEL based image for this architecture, it's using an Ubuntu based image instead.</sup><br>
-<sup>**6** Python 3.15 requires opt-in using [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable).</sup><br>
+<sup>**4** manylinux armv7l support is experimental. As there are no RHEL based image for this architecture, it's using an Ubuntu based image instead.</sup><br>
 
 - Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS, Windows, pyemscripten, iOS, and Android wheels
 - Supports CPython, PyPy, and GraalPy
@@ -100,7 +97,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
 
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.2.0
 
       - name: Build wheels
         run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -152,6 +149,7 @@ The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platf
 |  | [`before-all`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-all) | Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built. |
 |  | [`before-build`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-build) | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
 |  | [`xbuild-tools`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#xbuild-tools) | Binaries on the path that should be included in an isolated cross-build environment. |
+|  | [`xbuild-files`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#xbuild-files) | Platform-specific files in the build environment |
 |  | [`repair-wheel-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command) | Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel |
 |  | [`manylinux-*-image`<br>`musllinux-*-image`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) | Specify manylinux / musllinux container images |
 |  | [`container-engine`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) | Specify the container engine to use when building Linux wheels |
@@ -173,7 +171,7 @@ The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platf
 |  | [`build-verbosity`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-verbosity) | Increase/decrease the output of the build |
 
 
-<!--[[[end]]] (sum: b7YIjCyCkf) -->
+<!--[[[end]]] (sum: Of/28Z7Nut) -->
 
 These options can be specified in a pyproject.toml file, or as environment variables, see [configuration docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/latest/configuration/).
 
@@ -190,8 +188,8 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
-| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
+| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
@@ -201,8 +199,8 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
-[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
+[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
@@ -240,33 +238,107 @@ Changelog
 
 <!-- [[[cog from readme_changelog import mini_changelog; print(mini_changelog()) ]]] -->
 
-### v4.0.0rc1
+### v4.2.0
 
-_14 May 2026_
+_4 August 2026_
+
+- 🌟 CPython 3.15 wheels are now built by default - without the `"cpython-prerelease"` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) set. It's time to build and upload these wheels to PyPI! This release includes CPython 3.15.0rc1, which is guaranteed to be ABI compatible with the final release. (#2944)
+- ✨ Adds Pyodide 3.15 support with the `cp315-pyodide_wasm32` build identifier, using Pyodide 315.0.0a2. These are also stable wrt. the final release. (#2958)
+- 🐛 Retries a failed download six times with exponential backoff, so short network outages no longer stop a build. A `4xx` response is still reported at once. (#2953)
+- 🐛 Accepts `default` as a [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) value on Pyodide, and accepts `pyodide-build` in the top-level table and in overrides (#2951)
+- 🛠 Holds pip back on GraalPy, where newer pip breaks the build (#2955)
+- 🛠 Updates Pyodide to 314.0.4 (#2949, #2952)
+- 🛠 Updates dependencies and container pins (#2952, #2960)
+- 💼 Updates CI action pins (#2948, #2954)
+- 🧪 Uses pp311 for the abi3 test, and deletes `test_overridden_pip_constraint`, which is not necessary since #2583 (#2956, #2957)
+
+### v4.1.1
+
+_24 July 2026_
+
+- ✨ Adds `pyodide-build` as a separate [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend), now the default frontend for Pyodide, with verbosity flags handling. Any other frontend is ignored with a warning on Pyodide. (#2609, #2945)
+- 🔐 Uses digests instead of tags for pinned container images, strengthening supply-chain security. The human-readable tags remain as comments in `pinned_docker_images.cfg`. (#2915)
+- 🐛 Fixes platform-specific [`test-runtime`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-runtime) environment variables (e.g. `CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_ANDROID`) not being honored (#2941)
+- 🐛 Fixes quoting of [`test-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires) and [`audit-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#audit-requires) so PEP 508 specifiers containing spaces work (#2913)
+- 🐛 Makes [`archs`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs) parsing case-insensitive and platform-aware, so e.g. `arm64` works on Windows (#2920)
+- 🐛 Uses an absolute path for the `{project}` placeholder in [`config-settings`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) (#2934)
+- 🐛 Validates the [`pyodide-version`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#pyodide-version) option against the build identifier with a clear error (#2925)
+- 🐛 Fixes PyPy installs on macOS after PyPy switched its downloads from `.tar.bz2` to `.tar.gz` (#2939)
+- 🐛 Makes a matching `python3-config` available in the build and test venvs on macOS (#2922)
+- 🛠 Updates dependencies and container pins (#2917, #2935, #2939)
+- 🛠 Updates Android tests to current Python versions and the new test repository URL (#2933)
+- 🛠 Drops the `orjson` dependency, no longer used by mypy 2+ (#2923)
+- 📚 Builds the docs with properdocs, a MkDocs fork (#2946)
+- 📚 Adds the missing `cp314-pyodide_wasm32` entry to the build identifier table (#2947)
+- 📚 Removes outdated notes about the `pip wheel` build frontend and ClearLinux (#2926)
+- 💼 Adds a "CI: PyPy EoL" PR label to run PyPy EoL tests on PRs (#2930)
+- 💼 Updates CI action pins and pre-commit hooks (#2914, #2932, #2938, #2940, #2942, #2943)
+
+### v4.1.0
+
+_12 June 2026_
+
+- ✨ Updates Pyodide to the final 314.0.0 release, so Pyodide 3.14 wheels now build by default without the `pyodide-prerelease` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) flag. (#2906)
+- 🐛 Raises clear errors when a build produces no wheel, instead of failing later with a confusing message (#2909)
+- 🛠 Speeds up CLI startup through lazy imports on Python 3.15 (#2797)
+- 📚 Adds an FAQ section on caching cibuildwheel's downloaded tools with `CIBW_CACHE_PATH` (#2842)
+- 📚 Documentation improvements: clarifies which shell is used for command options, clarifies environment variable precedence, and fixes a dead Pyodide env info link (#2904, #2905, #2911)
+
+### v4.0.0
+
+_7 June 2026_
+
+See @henryiii's [release post](https://iscinumpy.dev/post/cibuildwheel-4-0-0/) for more info on new features!
 
 - 🌟 Adds wheel auditing with `abi3audit` as a default after the repair step, with new [`audit-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#audit-requires) and [`audit-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#audit-command) options (#2805)
-- 🌟 Adds `pyemscripten` platform tag support (PEP 783), updates Pyodide to 314.0.0a1, and adds a `pyodide-eol` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) flag for building end-of-life Pyodide versions (#2812, #2848)
+- 🌟 Adds `pyemscripten` platform tag support (PEP 783), updates Pyodide to 314.0.0a2, and adds a `pyodide-eol` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) flag for building end-of-life Pyodide versions (#2812, #2848)
 - 🌟 Sets up `delvewheel` as the default [`repair-wheel-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command) for Windows, so extension module DLLs are now bundled automatically. Skip by setting it to empty if not needed. (#2831)
-- ✨ Adds CPython 3.15 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.15.0b1. (#2833, #2850)
+- ✨ Adds CPython 3.15 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.15.0b2. (#2833, #2850)
 
-    _While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.14 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag._ (#2390)
+    _While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.15 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag._
+
+- ✨ Adds CPython 3.15 support for iOS and Android (#2857, #2858)
+- ✨ Adds Android improvements for building NumPy and related packages, including auditwheel support, pkg-config and Fortran configuration, and the [`xbuild-files`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#xbuild-files) option (#2695)
+- ✨ Adds `CIBUILDWHEEL_BUILD_IDENTIFIER` environment variable set to the current build identifier (e.g. `cp311-manylinux_x86_64`) during per-build steps (#2872)
 - ✨ Adds `{project}` and `{package}` placeholders to [`config-settings`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) (#2827)
 - ⚠️ Drops support for Python 3.8 (#2686)
 - ⚠️ Removes the experimental CPython 3.13 free-threading builds and the `cpython-freethreading` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) option. CPython 3.14+ free-threading support remains available without the enable flag. (#2684)
 - ⚠️ Drops support for Cirrus CI, which is shutting down June 1, 2026 (#2817)
+- ⚠️ Drops GraalPy 3.11 (gp311) support, as agreed in #2741, and removes GraalPy 24-only workarounds (#2895)
+- 🔐 Adds SHA256 verification for direct downloads of Python interpreters, virtualenv, and python-build-standalone assets (#2873)
+- 🔐 Adds tarfile extraction filter for safe archive extraction (#2856)
 - 🐛 Fixes `UV_PYTHON` not being set for [`before-build`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-build) on Linux when using `uv` as the [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) (#2830)
+- 🐛 Fixes detection of musl libc when downloading python-build-standalone, which previously always selected the gnu asset on musl hosts like Alpine (#2889)
+- 🐛 Fixes [`config-settings`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) expansion when `{project}` or `{package}` contains spaces or backslashes (#2886)
+- 🐛 Prevents deadlock when `linux32` fails and forwards platform args to the sanity check (#2880, #2888)
+- 🐛 Fixes container resource leaks on start failure and during teardown (#2879, #2887)
+- 🐛 Removes potential partial cache-population in case of error (#2892)
+- 🐛 Raises a clear error when `ANDROID_API_LEVEL` is not an integer (#2891)
+- 🐛 Replaces assert with proper exception in python-build-standalone (#2859)
+- 🐛 Uses ConfigurationError when `package_dir` is outside cwd instead of a generic Exception (#2898)
+- 🛠 Updates dependencies and container pins (#2893, #2882, #2874, #2868, #2862, #2884, #2845, #2837, #2818, #2810, #2838, #2813)
 - 🛠 Updates Android to Python 3.13.13 and 3.14.4 (#2821)
 - 🛠 Applies Pyodide-specific patches to the Emscripten toolchain installation (#2800)
-- 🛠 Updates dependencies and container pins (#2845, #2837, #2821, #2818, #2810, #2838, #2813)
 - 🛠 Uses `python -V -V` for Windows build diagnostics (#2832)
+- 🛠 Simplifies pinned container image lookup (#2897)
+- 🛠 Minor fixups across error messages, OCI container, and options (#2860)
+- 💼 Adds PEP 723 metadata for `bin/` scripts and drops the `bin` dependency group (#2819)
+- 💼 Improves Azure test reliability with retries and caching (#2890)
+- 💼 Fixes Windows GitLab CI test running (#2870)
+- 💼 Updates CI action pins and dev dependencies (#2902, #2867, #2851, #2843, #2826, #2823, #2820, #2807)
+- 💼 Adds agent and copilot setup files (#2861)
+- 💼 Uses `if TYPE_CHECKING:` blocks (#2866, #2864)
+- 🧪 Fixes Android tests using the `uv` frontend (#2809)
+- 🧪 Fixes the update-dependencies workflow to use `uv` to run `nox` (#2808)
+- 🧪 Adds unit tests for `OCIContainer._get_platform_args` (#2878)
+- 📚 Updates documentation for delvewheel as the default Windows [`repair-wheel-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command), including the build diagram, schema defaults, and legal note (#2877, #2853, #2891)
 - 📚 Documents platform-specific [`before-build`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-build) configuration (#2834)
 - 📚 Updates the "How it works" diagram with details of Android, iOS, and Pyodide builds (#2816)
 - 📚 Adds Pyodide icon and regenerates working examples data for Android, iOS, and Pyodide (#2815, #2811)
+- 📚 Adds intersphinx support for external documentation linking (#2871)
+- 📚 Adds instructions for building CUDA wheels and fixes manylinux container references in FAQ (#2896, #2900)
 - 📚 Links back to source in docs (#2806)
-- 💼 Adds PEP 723 metadata for `bin/` scripts and drops the `bin` dependency group (#2819)
-- 💼 Updates CI action pins and dev dependencies (#2851, #2843, #2826, #2823, #2820, #2807)
-- 🧪 Fixes Android tests using the `uv` frontend (#2809)
-- 🧪 Fixes the update-dependencies workflow to use `uv` to run `nox` (#2808)
+- 📚 Removes outdated numpy info (#2855)
 
 
 ### v3.4.1
@@ -279,39 +351,7 @@ _2 April 2026_
 - ✨ cibuildwheel prints the selected build identifiers at the start of the build. (#2785)
 - 🔐 The GitHub Action now references other actions with a full SHA (#2744)
 
-### v3.4.0
-
-_5 March 2026_
-
-- 🌟 You can now build wheels using `uv` as a build frontend. This should improve performance, especially if your project has lots of build dependencies. To use, set [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) to `uv`. (#2322)
-- ⚠️ We no longer support running on Travis CI. It may continue working but we don't run tests there anymore so we can't be sure. (#2682)
-- ✨ Improvements to building rust wheels on Android (#2650)
-- 🛠 Update Pyodide to 0.29.3 (#2719, #2733)
-- 🐛 Fix bug with the GitHub Action on Windows, where PATH was getting unnecessarily changed, causing issues with meson builds. (#2723)
-- ✨ Add support for quiet setting on `build` and `uv` from the cibuildwheel `build-verbosity` setting. (#2737)
-- 📚 Docs updates, including guidance on using Meson on Windows (#2718)
-
-### v3.3.1
-
-_5 January 2026_
-
-- 🛠 Update dependencies and container pins, including updating to CPython 3.14.2. (#2708)
-
-### v3.3.0
-
-_12 November 2025_
-
-- 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with Docker v29 (#2660)
-- ✨ Adds `test-runtime` option, to customise how tests on simulated/emulated environments are run (#2636)
-- ✨ Adds support for new `manylinux_2_35` images on 32-bit ARM `armv7l`, offering better C++20 compatibility (#2656)
-- ✨ `build[uv]` is now supported on Android (#2587)
-- ✨ You can now install extras (such as `uv`) with a simple option on the GitHub Action (#2630)
-- ✨ `{project}` and `{package}` placeholders are now supported in `repair-wheel-command` (#2589)
-- 🛠 The versions set with `dependency-versions` no longer constrain packages specified by your `build-system.requires`. Previously, on platforms other than Linux, the constraints in this option would remain in the environment during the build. This has been tidied up make behaviour more consistent between platforms, and to prevent version conflicts. (#2583)
-- 🛠 Improve the handling of `test-command` on Android, enabling more options to be passed (#2590)
-- 📚 Docs improvements (#2618)
-
-<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: ZD0EjcyC0B) -->
+<!-- [[[end]]] (sum: fEuiF50wvg) -->
 
 ---
 

action.yml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ branding:
 runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6.2.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
       id: python
       with:
         python-version: "3.11 - 3.14"

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -12,46 +12,61 @@ pr:
       - .readthedocs.yml
       - .travis.yml
       - README.md
-      - mkdocs.yml
+      - properdocs.yml
       - noxfile.py
 
 jobs:
 - job: tests
   strategy:
     matrix:
-      linux_311:
+      linux_313:
         imageName: "ubuntu-latest"
-        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        pythonVersion: "3.13"
         testSelect: "native"
-      android_311:
+      android_313:
         imageName: "ubuntu-latest"
-        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        pythonVersion: "3.13"
         testSelect: "android"
-      macos_311:
+      macos_313:
         imageName: "macos-latest"
-        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        pythonVersion: "3.13"
         testSelect: "native"
-      ios_311:
+      ios_313:
         imageName: "macos-14"  # See https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/12777
-        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        pythonVersion: "3.13"
         testSelect: "ios"
-      android_macos_311:
+      android_macos_313:
         imageName: "macos-latest"
-        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        pythonVersion: "3.13"
         testSelect: "android"
-      windows_311:
+      windows_313:
         imageName: "windows-latest"
-        pythonVersion: "3.11"
+        pythonVersion: "3.13"
         testSelect: "native"
   timeoutInMinutes: 180
   pool:
     vmImage: $(imageName)
+  variables:
+    # Relocate cibuildwheel's download cache (interpreters) and the per-worker
+    # test pip caches (which live under it) to a stable, cacheable path.
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH: $(Pipeline.Workspace)/.cibw-cache
 
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
         versionSpec: $(pythonVersion)
 
+    - task: Cache@2
+      displayName: 'Cache cibuildwheel downloads'
+      inputs:
+        # build-platforms.toml carries the interpreter pins; bump the version
+        # prefix to force a cold cache. restoreKeys lets a stale cache still seed
+        # a new run (cibuildwheel re-downloads only what's missing).
+        key: 'cibw-cache | v1 | "$(imageName)" | "$(testSelect)" | cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml'
+        restoreKeys: |
+          cibw-cache | v1 | "$(imageName)" | "$(testSelect)"
+        path: $(CIBW_CACHE_PATH)
+
     - task: JavaToolInstaller@0
       condition: and(eq(variables['testSelect'], 'android'), eq(variables['Agent.OS'], 'Linux'))
       inputs:

bin/generate_schema.py

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(allow_abbrev=False)
 parser.add_argument("--schemastore", action="store_true", help="Generate schema_store version")
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
+# The defaults in the schema are used by external tools for validation and IDE support. They
+# should match the values in defaults.toml, which are used by cibuildwheel itself.
 starter = """
 $schema: http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#
 $id: https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ $defs:
       - pyodide-prerelease
       - pypy
       - pypy-eol
-  description: A Python version or flavor to enable.
+    description: A Python version or flavor to enable.
 additionalProperties: false
 description: cibuildwheel's settings.
 type: object
@@ -60,29 +62,7 @@ properties:
     default: ['*']
     description: Choose the Python versions to build.
     type: string_array
-  build-frontend:
-    default: default
-    description: Set the tool to use to build, either "build" (default), "build[uv]", "uv", or "pip"
-    oneOf:
-      - enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", uv, default]
-      - type: string
-        pattern: '^pip; ?args:'
-      - type: string
-        pattern: '^build; ?args:'
-      - type: string
-        pattern: '^build\\[uv\\]; ?args:'
-      - type: string
-        pattern: '^uv; ?args:'
-      - type: object
-        additionalProperties: false
-        required: [name]
-        properties:
-          name:
-            enum: [pip, build, "build[uv]", uv]
-          args:
-            type: array
-            items:
-              type: string
+  build-frontend: {}  # filled in by build_frontend_schema below
   build-verbosity:
     type: integer
     minimum: -3
@@ -200,6 +180,9 @@ properties:
   xbuild-tools:
     description: Binaries on the path that should be included in an isolated cross-build environment
     type: string_array
+  xbuild-files:
+    description: Platform-specific files in the build environment
+    type: string_table_array
   pyodide-version:
     type: string
     description: Specify the version of Pyodide to use
@@ -287,6 +270,43 @@ string_table = yaml.safe_load(
 """
 )
 
+FRONTENDS = ["pip", "build", "build[uv]", "uv"]
+
+
+def build_frontend_schema(
+    names: list[str], description: str, default: str = "default"
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    A frontend is a name, a "name; args: ..." string, or a table with a name and args.
+    """
+    # Only the brackets in "build[uv]" need escaping
+    patterns = [name.replace("[", r"\[").replace("]", r"\]") for name in names]
+    return {
+        "default": default,
+        "description": description,
+        "oneOf": [
+            {"enum": [*names, "default"]},
+            *({"type": "string", "pattern": f"^{pattern}; ?args:"} for pattern in patterns),
+            {
+                "type": "object",
+                "additionalProperties": False,
+                "required": ["name"],
+                "properties": {
+                    "name": {"enum": names},
+                    "args": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        "title": "CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND",
+    }
+
+
+schema["properties"]["build-frontend"] = build_frontend_schema(
+    [*FRONTENDS, "pyodide-build"],
+    'Set the tool to use to build, either "build" (default), "build[uv]", "uv", or "pip"'
+    ' ("pyodide-build" for pyodide)',
+)
+
 for value in schema["properties"].values():
     match value:
         case {"type": "string_array"}:
@@ -319,6 +339,7 @@ items:
         before-all: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         before-build: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         xbuild-tools: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
+        xbuild-files: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         before-test: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         config-settings: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
         container-engine: {"$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"}
@@ -374,17 +395,34 @@ oses = {
     "ios": as_object(not_linux),
 }
 
-oses["linux"]["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"] = {
-    **schema["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"],
-    "default": "auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}",
-}
-oses["macos"]["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"] = {
-    **schema["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"],
-    "default": "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}",
-}
+for os_name, command in [
+    ("linux", "auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"),
+    ("windows", "delvewheel repair -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}"),
+    ("macos", "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}"),
+    ("android", "auditwheel repair --ldpaths {ldpaths} -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"),
+]:
+    oses[os_name]["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"] = {
+        **schema["properties"]["repair-wheel-command"],
+        "default": command,
+    }
 
 del oses["linux"]["properties"]["dependency-versions"]
 
+
+schema["$defs"]["build-frontend-no-pyodide"] = build_frontend_schema(
+    FRONTENDS,
+    'Set the tool to use to build, either "build" (default), "build[uv]", "uv", or "pip"',
+)
+
+for os_val in oses.values():
+    os_val["properties"]["build-frontend"] = {"$ref": "#/$defs/build-frontend-no-pyodide"}
+
+oses["pyodide"]["properties"]["build-frontend"] = build_frontend_schema(
+    ["pyodide-build"],
+    'On the pyodide platform, the build frontend must be "pyodide-build"',
+    default="pyodide-build",
+)
+
 schema["properties"]["overrides"] = overrides
 schema["properties"] |= oses
 

bin/run_example_ci_configs.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 # /// script
 # dependencies = [
 #   "click",
+#   "jinja2",
 # ]
 # ///
 
@@ -39,13 +40,16 @@ def generate_project(path: Path, build_backend: BuildBackend) -> None:
     sys.path.insert(0, "")
     match build_backend:
         case "meson":
-            from test.test_projects.meson import new_meson_project as new_project  # noqa: PLC0415
+            from test.test_projects.meson import new_meson_project  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+            project = new_meson_project()
         case "setuptools":
-            from test.test_projects.setuptools import new_c_project as new_project  # noqa: PLC0415
+            from test.test_projects.setuptools import new_c_project  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+            project = new_c_project()
         case _:
             typing.assert_never(build_backend)
 
-    project = new_project()
     project.generate(path)
 
 

bin/update_docker.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 import configparser
 import dataclasses
+from functools import cache
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import requests
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ class PyPAImage(Image):
         super().__init__(manylinux_version, platforms, image_name, tag, True)
 
 
-images = [
+IMAGES = [
     # manylinux2014 images
     PyPAImage(
         "manylinux2014",
@@ -88,49 +89,71 @@ images = [
     ),
 ]
 
-config = configparser.ConfigParser()
 
-for image in images:
-    # get the tag name whose digest matches 'latest'
-    if image.tag is not None:
-        # image has been pinned, do not update
-        tag_name = image.tag
-    elif image.image_name.startswith("quay.io/"):
-        _, _, repository_name = image.image_name.partition("/")
-        response = requests.get(
-            f"https://quay.io/api/v1/repository/{repository_name}?includeTags=true"
-        )
-        response.raise_for_status()
-        repo_info = response.json()
-        tags_dict = repo_info["tags"]
-
-        latest_tag = tags_dict.pop("latest")
+@cache
+def quay_lookup(image_name: str, tag_name: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    _, _, repository_name = image_name.partition("/")
+    if tag_name == "latest":
+        url = f"https://quay.io/api/v1/repository/{repository_name}?includeTags=true"
+    else:
+        url = f"https://quay.io/api/v1/repository/{repository_name}/tag?specificTag={tag_name}"
+    response = requests.get(url)
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    info = response.json()
+    if tag_name == "latest":
+        tags_dict = info["tags"]
+        tag_info = tags_dict.pop(tag_name)
         # find the tag whose manifest matches 'latest'
-        tag_name = next(
-            name
+        tag_name, digest = next(
+            (name, info["manifest_digest"])
             for (name, info) in tags_dict.items()
-            if info["manifest_digest"] == latest_tag["manifest_digest"]
+            if info["manifest_digest"] == tag_info["manifest_digest"]
         )
-    elif image.image_name.startswith("ghcr.io/"):
-        repository = image.image_name[8:]
-        response = requests.get(
-            "https://ghcr.io/token", params={"scope": f"repository:{repository}:pull"}
-        )
-        response.raise_for_status()
-        token = response.json()["token"]
+    else:
+        tags_list = info["tags"]
+        tag_info = next(tag for tag in tags_list if tag["name"] == tag_name)
+        digest = tag_info["manifest_digest"]
+
+    return tag_name, digest
+
+
+@cache
+def ghcr_lookup(image_name: str, tag_name: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    repository = image_name[8:]
+    response = requests.get(
+        "https://ghcr.io/token", params={"scope": f"repository:{repository}:pull"}
+    )
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    token = response.json()["token"]
+    if tag_name == "latest":
         response = requests.get(
             f"https://ghcr.io/v2/{repository}/tags/list",
             headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
         )
         response.raise_for_status()
-        ghcr_tags = [(Version(tag), tag) for tag in response.json()["tags"] if tag != "latest"]
+        info = response.json()
+        ghcr_tags = [(Version(tag), tag) for tag in info["tags"] if tag != "latest"]
         ghcr_tags.sort(reverse=True)
         tag_name = ghcr_tags[0][1]
-    else:
-        response = requests.get(f"https://hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/{image.image_name}/tags")
-        response.raise_for_status()
-        tags = response.json()["results"]
 
+    response = requests.head(
+        f"https://ghcr.io/v2/{repository}/manifests/{tag_name}",
+        headers={
+            "Authorization": f"Bearer {token}",
+            "Accept": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json, application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json, application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json, application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json, application/vnd.oci.artifact.manifest.v1+json",
+        },
+    )
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    digest = response.headers["Docker-Content-Digest"]
+    return tag_name, digest
+
+
+@cache
+def dockerhub_lookup(image_name: str, tag_name: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    response = requests.get(f"https://hub.docker.com/v2/repositories/{image_name}/tags")
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    tags = response.json()["results"]
+    if tag_name == "latest":
         latest_tag = next(tag for tag in tags if tag["name"] == "latest")
         # i don't know what it would mean to have multiple images per tag
         assert len(latest_tag["images"]) == 1
@@ -139,15 +162,40 @@ for image in images:
         pinned_tag = next(
             tag for tag in tags if tag != latest_tag and tag["images"][0]["digest"] == digest
         )
-        tag_name = pinned_tag["name"]
+    else:
+        pinned_tag = next(tag for tag in tags if tag["name"] == tag_name)
+        digest = pinned_tag["images"][0]["digest"]
+    tag_name = pinned_tag["name"]
+    return tag_name, digest
 
-    for platform in image.platforms:
-        if not config.has_section(platform):
-            config[platform] = {}
-        suffix = ""
-        if image.use_platform_suffix:
-            suffix = f"_{platform.removeprefix('pypy_')}"
-        config[platform][image.manylinux_version] = f"{image.image_name}{suffix}:{tag_name}"
 
-with open(RESOURCES / "pinned_docker_images.cfg", "w") as f:
-    config.write(f)
+def main() -> None:
+    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    for image in IMAGES:
+        # get the tag name whose digest matches 'latest'
+        # if image has been pinned, do not update
+        search_tag = image.tag or "latest"
+        if image.image_name.startswith("quay.io/"):
+            lookup = quay_lookup
+        elif image.image_name.startswith("ghcr.io/"):
+            lookup = ghcr_lookup
+        else:
+            lookup = dockerhub_lookup
+
+        tag_name, digest = lookup(image.image_name, search_tag)
+        for platform in image.platforms:
+            if not config.has_section(platform):
+                config[platform] = {}
+            image_name = image.image_name
+            if image.use_platform_suffix:
+                image_name = f"{image_name}_{platform.removeprefix('pypy_')}"
+                _, digest = lookup(image_name, tag_name)
+            assert digest.startswith("sha256:")
+            config[platform][image.manylinux_version] = f"{image_name}@{digest}  # {tag_name}"
+
+    with open(RESOURCES / "pinned_docker_images.cfg", "w") as f:
+        config.write(f)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

bin/update_pythons.py

@@ -124,14 +124,22 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
         response.raise_for_status()
 
         releases = response.json()
-        gp_version_re = re.compile(r"-(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)$")
+        gp_asset_re = re.compile(
+            r"^(?P<prefix>graalpy(?P<cpython>\d+\.\d+)?-(?P<graalpy>\d+\.\d+\.\d+))-"
+        )
         cp_version_re = re.compile(r"Python (\d+\.\d+(?:\.\d+)?)")
         for release in releases:
-            m = gp_version_re.search(release["tag_name"])
-            if m:
-                release["graalpy_version"] = Version(m.group(1))
-            m = cp_version_re.search(release["body"])
-            if m:
+            for asset in release["assets"]:
+                m = gp_asset_re.match(asset["name"])
+                if m:
+                    release["asset_prefix"] = m.group("prefix")
+                    release["graalpy_version"] = Version(m.group("graalpy"))
+                    if m.group("cpython"):
+                        release["python_version"] = Version(m.group("cpython"))
+                    break
+            if "python_version" not in release and (
+                m := cp_version_re.search(release["body"] or "")
+            ):
                 release["python_version"] = Version(m.group(1))
 
         self.releases = [r for r in releases if "graalpy_version" in r and "python_version" in r]
@@ -158,10 +166,6 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
             msg = f"GraalPy {arch} not found for {spec}!"
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
-        release = releases[-1]
-        version = release["python_version"]
-        gpversion = release["graalpy_version"]
-
         if "macosx" in identifier:
             arch = "x86_64" if "x86_64" in identifier else "arm64"
             platform = "macos"
@@ -174,15 +178,19 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
 
         arch = "amd64" if arch == "x86_64" else "aarch64"
         ext = "zip" if "win" in identifier else "tar.gz"
-        urls = [
-            rf["browser_download_url"]
-            for rf in release["assets"]
-            if rf["name"].endswith(f"{platform}-{arch}.{ext}")
-            and rf["name"].startswith(f"graalpy-{gpversion.major}")
-        ]
-        if urls:
+        for release in reversed(releases):
+            version = release["python_version"]
+            urls = [
+                rf["browser_download_url"]
+                for rf in release["assets"]
+                if rf["name"].endswith(f"{platform}-{arch}.{ext}")
+                and rf["name"].startswith(release["asset_prefix"])
+            ]
+            if not urls:
+                continue
+
             (url,) = urls
-            # Fetch sha256 from the ".sha256" sidecar asset in the same release
+            # Fetch sha256 from the ".sha256" sidecar asset in the same release.
             sha256 = ""
             sha256_asset_name = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1] + ".sha256"
             sha256_urls = [
@@ -200,6 +208,7 @@ class GraalPyVersions:
                 url=url,
                 sha256=sha256,
             )
+
         return None
 
 
@@ -494,8 +503,6 @@ class AllVersions:
                 elif "macosx_arm64" in identifier:
                     config_update = self.macos_pypy_arm64.update_version_macos(spec)
             elif identifier.startswith("gp"):
-                if "macosx_x86_64" in identifier:
-                    return
                 config_update = self.graalpy.update_version(identifier, spec)
         elif "t-win32" in identifier and identifier.startswith("cp"):
             config_update = self.windows_t_32.update_version_windows(spec)

bin/update_virtualenv.py

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def update_virtualenv(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
     else:
         version = local_version
         url = default["url"]
-        sha256 = default.get("sha256", "")
+        sha256 = default["sha256"]
 
     # Compute sha256 if not already stored (new version or first-time population)
     if not sha256:
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def update_virtualenv(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
         "sha256": sha256,
     }
     result_toml = "".join(
-        f'{key} = {{ version = "{value["version"]}", url = "{value["url"]}", sha256 = "{value.get("sha256", "")}" }}\n'
+        f'{key} = {{ version = "{value["version"]}", url = "{value["url"]}", sha256 = "{value["sha256"]}" }}\n'
         for key, value in configurations.items()
     )
 

cibuildwheel/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
-__version__ = "4.0.0rc1"
+__version__ = "4.2.0"

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -1,9 +1,35 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "argparse",
+    "cibuildwheel._compat",
+    "cibuildwheel._compat.tarfile",
+    "cibuildwheel.architecture",
+    "cibuildwheel.ci",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.options",
+    "cibuildwheel.platforms",
+    "cibuildwheel.selector",
+    "cibuildwheel.typing",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.resources",
+    "contextlib",
+    "functools",
+    "io",
+    "pathlib",
+    "shutil",
+    "tempfile",
+    "textwrap",
+    "traceback",
+}
+
 import argparse
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
 import functools
+import io
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
@@ -30,7 +56,7 @@ from cibuildwheel.util.resources import read_all_configs
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Sequence
-    from typing import Any, Literal, TextIO
+    from typing import Literal
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -44,23 +70,6 @@ class FileReport:
     size: str
 
 
-# Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/107717
-class Unbuffered:
-    def __init__(self, stream: TextIO) -> None:
-        self.stream = stream
-
-    def write(self, data: str) -> None:
-        self.stream.write(data)
-        self.stream.flush()
-
-    def writelines(self, data: Iterable[str]) -> None:
-        self.stream.writelines(data)
-        self.stream.flush()
-
-    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:  # noqa: ANN401
-        return getattr(self.stream, attr)
-
-
 def main() -> None:
     global_options = GlobalOptions()
     try:
@@ -360,10 +369,11 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
     # Add CIBUILDWHEEL environment variable
     os.environ["CIBUILDWHEEL"] = "1"
 
-    # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving
-    # problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to
-    # 'print'
-    sys.stdout = Unbuffered(sys.stdout)
+    # Python block-buffers stdout when it isn't a tty, which de-interleaves
+    # `print` output and direct fd-1 writes from subprocesses sharing this
+    # stdout. line_buffering allows each newline to flush all the way to fd-1.
+    if isinstance(sys.stdout, io.TextIOWrapper):
+        sys.stdout.reconfigure(line_buffering=True)
 
     # create the cache dir before it gets printed & builds performed
     CIBW_CACHE_PATH.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"platform", "re", "shutil", "subprocess"}
+
 import platform as platform_module
 import re
 import shutil
@@ -105,13 +107,29 @@ class Architecture(StrEnum):
                 case "auto32":
                     result |= cls.bitness_archs(platform=platform, bitness="32")
                 case _:
-                    try:
-                        result.add(cls(arch_str))
-                    except ValueError as e:
+                    if arch := cls._parse_arch_name(arch_str, platform=platform):
+                        result.add(arch)
+                    else:
                         msg = f"Invalid architecture '{arch_str}'"
-                        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
+                        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
         return result
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _parse_arch_name(cls, arch_str: str, platform: PlatformName) -> Self | None:
+        """Resolve an architecture name case-insensitively.
+
+        The same value (e.g. "arm64"/"ARM64") can map to different members
+        depending on the platform, so prefer a member valid for ``platform``
+        before falling back to any case-insensitive match.
+        """
+        for arch in cls.all_archs(platform):
+            if arch.value.lower() == arch_str.lower():
+                return arch
+        for arch in cls:
+            if arch.value.lower() == arch_str.lower():
+                return arch
+        return None
+
     @classmethod
     def native_arch(cls, platform: PlatformName) -> Self | None:
         native_machine = platform_module.machine()

cibuildwheel/audit.py

@@ -1,5 +1,16 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "cibuildwheel.venv",
+    "pathlib",
+    "subprocess",
+}
+
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path

cibuildwheel/bashlex_eval.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"bashlex", "subprocess"}
+
 import dataclasses
 import subprocess
 

cibuildwheel/ci.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+__lazy_modules__ = {"cibuildwheel.util", "cibuildwheel.util.helpers"}
+
 import os
 import re
 from enum import Enum

cibuildwheel/environment.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"bashlex", "bashlex.errors"}
+
 import dataclasses
 from typing import Protocol
 

cibuildwheel/errors.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ a different return code, by defining them all here, we can ensure that they're
 semantically clear and unique.
 """
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"textwrap"}
+
 import textwrap
 
 
@@ -109,3 +111,19 @@ class AuditCommandFailedError(FatalError):
     def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
         super().__init__(message)
         self.return_code = 9
+
+
+class BuildProducedNoWheelError(FatalError):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = textwrap.dedent(
+            """
+            Build failed because the build frontend completed successfully but
+            did not produce a wheel.
+
+            This usually indicates a problem with your project configuration or
+            build backend. Check your project configuration, or run cibuildwheel
+            with CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY=1 to view build logs.
+            """
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.return_code = 10

cibuildwheel/extra.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ These are utilities for the `/bin` scripts, not for the `cibuildwheel` program.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"io", "json", "urllib", "urllib.error", "urllib.request"}
+
 import json
 import time
 import typing
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ class PyodideXBuildEnvInfo(typing.TypedDict):
 
 def get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info() -> PyodideXBuildEnvInfo:
     xbuildenv_info_url = (
-        "https://pyodide.github.io/pyodide/api/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json"
+        "https://pyodide.github.io/pyodide/api/v2/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json"
     )
     with urllib.request.urlopen(xbuildenv_info_url) as response:
         return typing.cast("PyodideXBuildEnvInfo", json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8")))

cibuildwheel/frontend.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"cibuildwheel.util", "cibuildwheel.util.helpers", "shlex"}
+
 import dataclasses
 import shlex
 import typing
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
     from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
 
-BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]", "uv"]
+BuildFrontendName = Literal["pip", "build", "build[uv]", "uv", "pyodide-build"]
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -44,6 +46,11 @@ class BuildFrontendConfig:
 
 
 def _get_verbosity_flags(level: int, frontend: BuildFrontendName) -> list[str]:
+    if frontend == "pyodide-build":
+        if level > 0:
+            return ["-" + min(level, 2) * "v"]
+        return []
+
     if level < 0:
         return ["-" + -level * "q"]
 
@@ -62,7 +69,17 @@ def _split_config_settings(config_settings: str) -> list[str]:
 
 
 def prepare_config_settings(config_settings: str, *, project: PathOrStr, package: PathOrStr) -> str:
-    return prepare_command(config_settings, project=project, package=package)
+    # Substitute the {project}/{package} placeholders on each already-split
+    # token rather than on the raw string. A substituted path may contain
+    # spaces or backslashes (e.g. a Windows `{package}` path), and the result
+    # is later re-parsed with shlex.split (in _split_config_settings /
+    # parse_config_settings) — substituting on the whole string would let
+    # those characters be reinterpreted, splitting one setting into several or
+    # eating backslashes. shlex.join re-quotes each token so the round-trip is
+    # lossless.
+    settings = shlex.split(config_settings)
+    prepared = [prepare_command(setting, project=project, package=package) for setting in settings]
+    return shlex.join(prepared)
 
 
 # Based on build.__main__.main.

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.ci",
+    "contextlib",
+    "functools",
+    "hashlib",
+    "humanize",
+    "io",
+    "pathlib",
+    "re",
+    "textwrap",
+}
+
 import codecs
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
@@ -363,11 +375,11 @@ class Logger:
         out.write("\n")
         return out.getvalue()
 
-    @property
+    @functools.cached_property
     def colors(self) -> Colors:
         return Colors(enabled=self.colors_enabled)
 
-    @property
+    @functools.cached_property
     def symbols(self) -> Symbols:
         return Symbols(unicode=self.unicode_enabled)
 

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -1,5 +1,24 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.ci",
+    "cibuildwheel.errors",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "contextlib",
+    "io",
+    "json",
+    "platform",
+    "shlex",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+    "textwrap",
+    "uuid",
+}
+
+import contextlib
 import dataclasses
 import io
 import json
@@ -206,7 +225,6 @@ class OCIContainer:
 
     UTILITY_PYTHON = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39/bin/python"
 
-    process: subprocess.Popen[bytes]
     bash_stdin: IO[bytes]
     bash_stdout: IO[bytes]
 
@@ -226,6 +244,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
         self.oci_platform = oci_platform
         self.cwd = cwd
         self.name: str | None = None
+        self.process: subprocess.Popen[bytes] | None = None
         self.engine = engine
         self.host_tar_format = ""
         if sys.platform.startswith("darwin"):
@@ -257,10 +276,12 @@ class OCIContainer:
                 # this allows to run local only images
                 pull = "never"
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+            # silently fallback to "--pull=always"
             pass
         return f"--platform={oci_platform.value}", f"--pull={pull}"
 
     def __enter__(self) -> Self:
+        assert self.process is None
         self.name = f"cibuildwheel-{uuid.uuid4()}"
 
         _check_engine_version(self.engine)
@@ -296,7 +317,17 @@ class OCIContainer:
                     ).strip()
                 else:
                     raise
-            simulate_32_bit = container_machine not in {"i686", "armv7l", "armv8l"}
+            if container_machine not in {"i686", "armv7l", "armv8l"}:
+                simulate_32_bit = True
+                # sanity check to ensure no deadlock waiting for container to start
+                call(
+                    *run_cmd,
+                    *platform_args,
+                    self.image,
+                    "linux32",
+                    "/bin/true",
+                    capture_stdout=True,
+                )
 
         shell_args = ["linux32", "/bin/bash"] if simulate_32_bit else ["/bin/bash"]
 
@@ -318,32 +349,41 @@ class OCIContainer:
             check=True,
         )
 
-        self.process = subprocess.Popen(
-            [
-                self.engine.name,
-                "start",
-                "--attach",
-                "--interactive",
-                self.name,
-            ],
-            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-        )
+        try:
+            self.process = subprocess.Popen(
+                [
+                    self.engine.name,
+                    "start",
+                    "--attach",
+                    "--interactive",
+                    self.name,
+                ],
+                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            )
 
-        assert self.process.stdin
-        assert self.process.stdout
-        self.bash_stdin = self.process.stdin
-        self.bash_stdout = self.process.stdout
+            assert self.process.stdin
+            assert self.process.stdout
+            self.bash_stdin = self.process.stdin
+            self.bash_stdout = self.process.stdout
 
-        # run a noop command to block until the container is responding
-        self.call(["/bin/true"], cwd="/")
-
-        if self.cwd:
-            # Although `docker create -w` does create the working dir if it
-            # does not exist, podman does not. There does not seem to be a way
-            # to setup a workdir for a container running in podman.
-            self.call(["mkdir", "-p", os.fspath(self.cwd)], cwd="/")
+            # run a noop command to block until the container is responding
+            self.call(["/bin/true"], cwd="/")
 
+            if self.cwd:
+                # Although `docker create -w` does create the working dir if it
+                # does not exist, podman does not. There does not seem to be a way
+                # to setup a workdir for a container running in podman.
+                self.call(["mkdir", "-p", os.fspath(self.cwd)], cwd="/")
+        except BaseException:
+            # clean-up
+            if self.process is not None:
+                if self.process.poll() is None:
+                    self.process.kill()
+                self.process.communicate()
+            self.process = None
+            self._remove_container()
+            raise
         return self
 
     def __exit__(
@@ -352,29 +392,52 @@ class OCIContainer:
         exc_val: BaseException | None,
         exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
     ) -> None:
-        self.bash_stdin.write(b"exit 0\n")
-        self.bash_stdin.flush()
-        self.process.wait(timeout=30)
-        self.bash_stdin.close()
-        self.bash_stdout.close()
+        assert self.process is not None
+        try:
+            # Ask bash to exit cleanly and wait for the `start` process to finish.
+            # If the container/bash has already died, the write raises
+            # BrokenPipeError; if bash refuses to exit, `wait` raises
+            # TimeoutExpired. Both are handled below so we always reach the
+            # cleanup in `finally` rather than leaking the process or container.
+            self.bash_stdin.write(b"exit 0\n")
+            self.bash_stdin.flush()
+            self.process.wait(timeout=30)
 
-        if self.engine.name == "podman":
-            # This works around what seems to be a race condition in the podman
-            # backend. The full reason is not understood. See PR #966 for a
-            # discussion on possible causes and attempts to remove this line.
-            # For now, this seems to work "well enough".
-            self.process.wait()
+            if self.engine.name == "podman":
+                # This works around what seems to be a race condition in the
+                # podman backend. The full reason is not understood. See PR #966
+                # for a discussion on possible causes and attempts to remove this
+                # line. For now, this seems to work "well enough".
+                self.process.wait()
+        except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
+            # bash didn't shut down cleanly; force the process down so it isn't
+            # leaked, then continue to cleanup.
+            if self.process.poll() is None:
+                self.process.kill()
+                self.process.wait()
+        finally:
+            with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+                self.bash_stdin.close()
+            with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+                self.bash_stdout.close()
+            self.process = None
 
-        assert isinstance(self.name, str)
+            keep_container = strtobool(os.environ.get("CIBW_DEBUG_KEEP_CONTAINER", ""))
+            if not keep_container:
+                self._remove_container()
 
-        keep_container = strtobool(os.environ.get("CIBW_DEBUG_KEEP_CONTAINER", ""))
-        if not keep_container:
-            subprocess.run(
-                [self.engine.name, "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name],
-                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-                check=False,
-            )
-            self.name = None
+    def _remove_container(self) -> None:
+        assert self.name is not None
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [self.engine.name, "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name],
+            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            check=False,
+        )
+        # only warn when not running in CI
+        if result.returncode != 0 and detect_ci_provider() is None:
+            msg = f"Failed to remove {self.name!r} container."
+            log.warning(msg)
+        self.name = None
 
     def copy_into(self, from_path: Path, to_path: PurePath) -> None:
         if from_path.is_dir():

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -1,5 +1,29 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.architecture",
+    "cibuildwheel.environment",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.oci_container",
+    "cibuildwheel.projectfiles",
+    "cibuildwheel.selector",
+    "cibuildwheel.typing",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "collections",
+    "configparser",
+    "contextlib",
+    "difflib",
+    "packaging",
+    "packaging.specifiers",
+    "pathlib",
+    "shlex",
+    "textwrap",
+    "tomllib",
+}
+
 import collections
 import configparser
 import contextlib
@@ -19,7 +43,7 @@ from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 from cibuildwheel import errors
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
 from cibuildwheel.environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
-from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendConfig
+from cibuildwheel.frontend import BuildFrontendConfig, BuildFrontendName
 from cibuildwheel.logger import log
 from cibuildwheel.oci_container import OCIContainerEngineConfig
 from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import get_requires_python_str, resolve_dependency_groups
@@ -120,6 +144,7 @@ class BuildOptions:
     before_all: str
     before_build: str | None
     xbuild_tools: list[str] | None
+    xbuild_files: dict[str, list[str]]
     repair_command: str
     manylinux_images: dict[str, str] | None
     musllinux_images: dict[str, str] | None
@@ -772,6 +797,14 @@ class Options:
             if xbuild_tools == ["\u0000"]:
                 xbuild_tools = None
 
+            xbuild_files = parse_key_value_string(
+                self.reader.get(
+                    "xbuild-files",
+                    option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
+                ),
+                kw_arg_names=["*"],
+            )
+
             test_sources = shlex.split(
                 self.reader.get(
                     "test-sources", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ", quote=shlex.quote)
@@ -788,7 +821,6 @@ class Options:
 
             test_runtime_str = self.reader.get(
                 "test-runtime",
-                env_plat=False,
                 option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
             )
             if not test_runtime_str:
@@ -800,9 +832,11 @@ class Options:
                     msg = f"Failed to parse test runtime config. {e}"
                     raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
 
-            test_requires = self.reader.get(
-                "test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
-            ).split()
+            test_requires = shlex.split(
+                self.reader.get(
+                    "test-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ", quote=shlex.quote)
+                )
+            )
             test_extras = self.reader.get("test-extras", option_format=ListFormat(sep=","))
             test_groups_str = self.reader.get("test-groups", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" "))
             test_groups = [x for x in test_groups_str.split() if x]
@@ -816,8 +850,11 @@ class Options:
                 env_plat=False,
                 option_format=ShlexTableFormat(sep="; ", pair_sep=":", allow_merge=False),
             )
+            default_frontend: BuildFrontendName = (
+                "pyodide-build" if self.platform == "pyodide" else "build"
+            )
             if not build_frontend_str or build_frontend_str == "default":
-                build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig("build")
+                build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig(default_frontend)
             else:
                 try:
                     build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig.from_config_string(build_frontend_str)
@@ -825,6 +862,18 @@ class Options:
                     msg = f"Failed to parse build frontend. {e}"
                     raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg) from e
 
+            if self.platform == "pyodide" and build_frontend.name != "pyodide-build":
+                # pip and uv could become an error, eventually. build -> pyodide-build is
+                # probably fine to keep as a warning
+                log.warning(
+                    f"The pyodide platform ignores the {build_frontend.name!r} build "
+                    "frontend; using 'pyodide-build' instead"
+                )
+                build_frontend = BuildFrontendConfig("pyodide-build", build_frontend.args)
+            if self.platform != "pyodide" and build_frontend.name == "pyodide-build":
+                msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is only supported on the pyodide platform"
+                raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+
             try:
                 environment = parse_environment(environment_config)
             except (EnvironmentParseError, ValueError) as e:
@@ -871,11 +920,7 @@ class Options:
                         f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image", ignore_empty=True
                     )
                     self._check_pinned_image(config_value, pinned_images)
-                    if config_value in pinned_images:
-                        image = pinned_images[config_value]
-                    else:
-                        image = config_value
-                    manylinux_images[build_platform] = image
+                    manylinux_images[build_platform] = pinned_images.get(config_value, config_value)
 
                 for build_platform in MUSLLINUX_ARCHS:
                     pinned_images = all_pinned_container_images[build_platform]
@@ -883,11 +928,7 @@ class Options:
                         f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image", ignore_empty=True
                     )
                     self._check_pinned_image(config_value, pinned_images)
-                    if config_value in pinned_images:
-                        image = pinned_images[config_value]
-                    else:
-                        image = config_value
-                    musllinux_images[build_platform] = image
+                    musllinux_images[build_platform] = pinned_images.get(config_value, config_value)
 
             container_engine_str = self.reader.get(
                 "container-engine",
@@ -907,9 +948,11 @@ class Options:
             )
             audit_command = audit_command_str.split(" && ") if audit_command_str else []
 
-            audit_requires = self.reader.get(
-                "audit-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ")
-            ).split()
+            audit_requires = shlex.split(
+                self.reader.get(
+                    "audit-requires", option_format=ListFormat(sep=" ", quote=shlex.quote)
+                )
+            )
 
             return BuildOptions(
                 globals=self.globals,
@@ -925,6 +968,7 @@ class Options:
                 before_all=before_all,
                 build_verbosity=build_verbosity,
                 xbuild_tools=xbuild_tools,
+                xbuild_files=xbuild_files,
                 repair_command=repair_command,
                 environment=environment,
                 dependency_constraints=dependency_constraints,
@@ -1094,6 +1138,6 @@ def _get_pinned_container_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
       'pypy_x86_64': {'manylinux2010': '...' }
       ... }
     """
-    all_pinned_images = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    all_pinned_images = configparser.ConfigParser(inline_comment_prefixes="#")
     all_pinned_images.read(resources.PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES)
     return all_pinned_images

cibuildwheel/platforms/android.py

@@ -1,16 +1,41 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import csv
-import hashlib
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "build",
+    "build.env",
+    "cibuildwheel.architecture",
+    "cibuildwheel.audit",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone",
+    "cibuildwheel.venv",
+    "filelock",
+    "packaging",
+    "packaging.utils",
+    "pathlib",
+    "platform",
+    "pprint",
+    "re",
+    "runpy",
+    "shlex",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+    "textwrap",
+    "typing",
+}
+
 import os
 import platform
 import re
 import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
-import sysconfig
+import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from os.path import relpath
 from pathlib import Path
 from pprint import pprint
 from runpy import run_path
@@ -19,9 +44,8 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from build import ProjectBuilder
 from build.env import IsolatedEnv
-from elftools.common.exceptions import ELFError
-from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
 from filelock import FileLock
+from packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
 
 from cibuildwheel import errors, platforms  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, arch_synonym
@@ -34,7 +58,13 @@ from cibuildwheel.frontend import (
 from cibuildwheel.logger import log
 from cibuildwheel.util import resources
 from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    copy_test_sources,
+    download,
+    move_file,
+    remove_on_error,
+)
 from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command
 from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
 from cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone import create_python_build_standalone_environment
@@ -42,10 +72,9 @@ from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, virtualenv
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, MutableMapping
-
     from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, Options
     from cibuildwheel.selector import BuildSelector
+    from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
 
 RESOURCES_ANDROID = resources.PATH / "android"
 ANDROID_TRIPLET = {
@@ -72,7 +101,7 @@ class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
     identifier: str
     url: str
-    sha256: str = ""
+    sha256: str
 
     @property
     def arch(self) -> str:
@@ -146,9 +175,11 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             build_path.mkdir()
             python_dir = setup_target_python(config, build_path)
             build_env, android_env = setup_env(config, build_options, build_path, python_dir)
+
             state = BuildState(
                 config, build_options, build_path, python_dir, build_env, android_env
             )
+            setup_xbuild_files(state)
 
             compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
             if compatible_wheel:
@@ -163,7 +194,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 repaired_wheel = repair_wheel(state, built_wheel)
                 run_audit(tmp_dir=tmp_path, build_options=build_options, wheel=repaired_wheel)
 
-            test_wheel(state, repaired_wheel, build_frontend=build_options.build_frontend.name)
+            test_wheel(state, repaired_wheel)
 
             output_wheel: Path | None = None
             if compatible_wheel is None:
@@ -185,15 +216,17 @@ def setup_target_python(config: PythonConfiguration, build_path: Path) -> Path:
     python_tgz = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / config.url.rpartition("/")[-1]
     with FileLock(f"{python_tgz}.lock"):
         if not python_tgz.exists():
-            download(config.url, python_tgz, sha256=config.sha256 or None)
+            with remove_on_error(python_tgz):
+                download(config.url, python_tgz, sha256=config.sha256)
 
     python_dir = build_path / "python"
     python_dir.mkdir()
     shutil.unpack_archive(python_tgz, python_dir)
 
-    # Patch a testbed bug. This code and the patch file can both be removed once we've
-    # updated to Python versions that include the fix.
-    call("patch", "-p1", "-i", RESOURCES_ANDROID / "android.patch", cwd=python_dir)
+    # Work around https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/138800. This can be removed
+    # once we've updated to Python versions that include the fix.
+    pc_path = python_dir / f"prefix/lib/pkgconfig/python-{config.version}.pc"
+    pc_path.write_text(pc_path.read_text().replace("$(BLDLIBRARY)", f"-lpython{config.version}"))
 
     return python_dir
 
@@ -208,13 +241,7 @@ def setup_env(
     * android_env, which uses the environment while simulating running on Android.
     """
     log.step("Setting up build environment...")
-    build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend.name
-    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
-    uv_path = find_uv()
-    if use_uv and uv_path is None:
-        msg = "uv not found"
-        raise AssertionError(msg)
-    pip = ["pip"] if not use_uv else [str(uv_path), "pip"]
+    use_uv, pip = find_pip(build_options)
 
     # Create virtual environment
     python_exe = create_python_build_standalone_environment(
@@ -229,8 +256,12 @@ def setup_env(
     )
     create_cmake_toolchain(config, build_path, python_dir, build_env)
 
+    # See platforms.md for the reason why we use this default API level.
+    build_env.setdefault("ANDROID_API_LEVEL", "24")
+
     # Apply custom environment variables, and check environment is still valid
     build_env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(build_env)
+    build_env["CIBUILDWHEEL_BUILD_IDENTIFIER"] = config.identifier
     build_env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
     for command in ["python"] if use_uv else ["python", "pip"]:
         command_path = call("which", command, env=build_env, capture_stdout=True).strip()
@@ -246,14 +277,14 @@ def setup_env(
         else:
             call(command, "--version", env=build_env)
 
-    # Construct an altered environment which simulates running on Android.
-    android_env = setup_android_env(config, python_dir, venv_dir, build_env)
-
     # Install build tools
-    if build_frontend not in {"build", "build[uv]", "uv"}:
-        msg = "Android requires the build frontend to be 'build' or 'uv'"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    call(*pip, "install", "build", *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint), env=build_env)
+    tools = ["auditwheel", "patchelf", "pkgconf"]
+    if build_options.build_frontend.name in {"build", "build[uv]"}:
+        tools.append("build")
+    call(*pip, "install", *tools, *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint), env=build_env)
+
+    # Construct an altered environment which simulates running on Android.
+    android_env = setup_android_env(config, python_dir, build_env)
 
     # Build-time requirements must be queried within android_env, because
     # `get_requires_for_build` can run arbitrary code in setup.py scripts, which may be
@@ -276,7 +307,14 @@ def setup_env(
         call(*pip, "install", *pb.build_system_requires, env=build_env)
 
     requires_for_build = pb.get_requires_for_build(
-        "wheel", parse_config_settings(build_options.config_settings)
+        "wheel",
+        parse_config_settings(
+            prepare_config_settings(
+                build_options.config_settings,
+                project=Path.cwd(),
+                package=build_options.package_dir,
+            )
+        ),
     )
     if requires_for_build:
         call(*pip, "install", *requires_for_build, env=build_env)
@@ -344,8 +382,11 @@ def localized_vars(
             final = final.replace(orig_prefix, str(prefix))
 
         if key == "ANDROID_API_LEVEL":
-            if api_level := build_env.get(key):
-                final = int(api_level)
+            try:
+                final = int(build_env[key])
+            except ValueError as e:
+                msg = f"ANDROID_API_LEVEL: {e}. This variable must be an integer."
+                raise errors.FatalError(msg) from e
 
         # Build systems vary in whether FLAGS variables are read from sysconfig, and if so,
         # whether they're replaced by environment variables or combined with them. Even
@@ -368,15 +409,15 @@ def localized_vars(
 
 
 def setup_android_env(
-    config: PythonConfiguration, python_dir: Path, venv_dir: Path, build_env: dict[str, str]
+    config: PythonConfiguration, python_dir: Path, build_env: dict[str, str]
 ) -> dict[str, str]:
-    site_packages = next(venv_dir.glob("lib/python*/site-packages"))
+    site_packages = find_site_packages(build_env)
     for suffix in ["pth", "py"]:
         shutil.copy(RESOURCES_ANDROID / f"_cross_venv.{suffix}", site_packages)
 
     sysconfigdata_path = Path(
         shutil.copy(
-            next(python_dir.glob("prefix/lib/python*/_sysconfigdata_*.py")),
+            glob1(python_dir, "prefix/lib/python*/_sysconfigdata_*.py"),
             site_packages,
         )
     )
@@ -395,10 +436,14 @@ def setup_android_env(
     #   * a key=value string, without quotes
     for i, token in enumerate(shlex.split(env_output)):
         if i % 2 == 0:
-            assert token == "export", token
+            if token != "export":
+                msg = f"Unexpected output from android.py env: expected 'export', got {token!r}"
+                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
         else:
             key, sep, value = token.partition("=")
-            assert sep == "=", token
+            if sep != "=":
+                msg = f"Unexpected output from android.py env: expected 'key=value', got {token!r}"
+                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
             android_env[key] = value
 
     # localized_vars cleared the CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS in the sysconfigdata, but most
@@ -415,6 +460,17 @@ def setup_android_env(
     # Cargo target linker needs to be specified after CC is set
     setup_rust(config, python_dir, android_env)
 
+    # Create shims which install additional build tools on first use.
+    setup_fortran(android_env)
+
+    # `android.py env` returns PKG_CONFIG="pkg-config --define-prefix", but some build
+    # systems can't handle arguments in that variable. Since we have a known version
+    # of pkgconf, it's safe to use PKG_CONFIG_RELOCATE_PATHS instead.
+    android_env["PKG_CONFIG"] = call(
+        "which", "pkgconf-pypi", env=build_env, capture_stdout=True
+    ).strip()
+    android_env["PKG_CONFIG_RELOCATE_PATHS"] = "1"
+
     # Format the environment so it can be pasted into a shell when debugging.
     for key, value in sorted(android_env.items()):
         if os.environ.get(key) != value:
@@ -423,11 +479,7 @@ def setup_android_env(
     return android_env
 
 
-def setup_rust(
-    config: PythonConfiguration,
-    python_dir: Path,
-    env: MutableMapping[str, str],
-) -> None:
+def setup_rust(config: PythonConfiguration, python_dir: Path, env: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     cargo_target = android_triplet(config.identifier)
 
     # CARGO_BUILD_TARGET is the variable used by Cargo and setuptools_rust
@@ -451,13 +503,83 @@ def setup_rust(
         shim_path.chmod(0o755)
 
 
+def setup_fortran(env: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    # In case there's any autodetection based on the executable name, use the same name
+    # as the real executable (see fortran_shim.run_flang)
+    shim_in = RESOURCES_ANDROID / "fortran_shim.py"
+    shim_out = Path(env["VIRTUAL_ENV"]) / "bin/flang-new"
+
+    # The hashbang line runs the shim in cibuildwheel's own virtual environment, so it
+    # has access to utility functions for downloading and caching files.
+    shim_out.write_text(f"#!{sys.executable}\n\n" + shim_in.read_text())
+    shim_out.chmod(0o755)
+    env["FC"] = str(shim_out)
+
+
+def setup_xbuild_files(state: BuildState) -> None:
+    _, pip = find_pip(state.options)
+    xbf_dir = state.build_path / "xbuild_files"
+    xbf_dir.mkdir()
+
+    for requirement in call(*pip, "freeze", env=state.build_env, capture_stdout=True).splitlines():
+        name, _, _ = requirement.strip().partition("==")
+        xbuild_files = state.options.xbuild_files.get(canonicalize_name(name), [])
+        if xbuild_files:
+            log.step(f"Installing xbuild-files for {name}...")
+            pip_install_android(state, xbf_dir, "--no-deps", requirement)
+            for xbf in xbuild_files:
+                if (xbf_dir / xbf).exists():
+                    shutil.copy(
+                        xbf_dir / xbf,
+                        find_site_packages(state.build_env) / xbf,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    log.warning(f"{xbf_dir / xbf} does not exist")
+
+
+def pip_install_android(state: BuildState, target: Path, *args: PathOrStr) -> None:
+    use_uv, pip = find_pip(state.options)
+    call(
+        *pip,
+        "install",
+        "--only-binary=:all:",
+        *(["--python-platform", android_triplet(state.config.identifier)] if use_uv else []),
+        "--target",
+        target,
+        *args,
+        env=state.android_env,
+    )
+
+
+def find_site_packages(env: dict[str, str]) -> Path:
+    return glob1(Path(env["VIRTUAL_ENV"]), "lib/python*/site-packages")
+
+
+def glob1(base: Path, pattern: str) -> Path:
+    results = list(base.glob(pattern))
+    if len(results) != 1:
+        msg = f"{base} contains {len(results)} paths matching '{pattern}'; expected 1"
+        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+    return results[0]
+
+
+def find_pip(build_options: BuildOptions) -> tuple[bool, list[str]]:
+    use_uv = build_options.build_frontend.name in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
+    uv_path = find_uv()
+    if use_uv and uv_path is None:
+        msg = "uv not found"
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+    pip = ["pip"] if not use_uv else [str(uv_path), "pip"]
+    return use_uv, pip
+
+
 def before_build(state: BuildState) -> None:
     if state.options.before_build:
         log.step("Running before_build...")
         shell_prepared(
             state.options.before_build,
             build_options=state.options,
-            env=state.build_env,
+            env=state.android_env,
         )
 
 
@@ -480,7 +602,7 @@ def build_wheel(state: BuildState) -> Path:
                     state.options.build_verbosity,
                     prepare_config_settings(
                         state.options.config_settings,
-                        project=".",
+                        project=Path.cwd(),
                         package=state.options.package_dir,
                     ),
                 ),
@@ -501,22 +623,17 @@ def build_wheel(state: BuildState) -> Path:
                     state.options.build_verbosity,
                     prepare_config_settings(
                         state.options.config_settings,
-                        project=".",
+                        project=Path.cwd(),
                         package=state.options.package_dir,
                     ),
                 ),
                 env=state.android_env,
             )
         case x:
-            msg = f"Invalid build backend {x!r}"
-            raise AssertionError(msg)
-
-    built_wheels = list(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
-    if len(built_wheels) != 1:
-        msg = f"{built_wheel_dir} contains {len(built_wheels)} wheels; expected 1"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    built_wheel = built_wheels[0]
+            msg = f"Android requires the build frontend to be 'build' or 'uv', not {x!r}"
+            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
+    built_wheel = glob1(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")
     if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
         raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
     return built_wheel
@@ -528,9 +645,20 @@ def repair_wheel(state: BuildState, built_wheel: Path) -> Path:
     repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 
     if state.options.repair_command:
+        # Tell auditwheel the locations of compiler libraries.
+        toolchain = Path(state.android_env["CC"]).parent.parent
+        triplet = android_triplet(state.config.identifier)
+        ldpaths = ":".join(
+            str(glob1(toolchain, pattern))
+            for pattern in [
+                f"lib/clang/*/lib/linux/{triplet.split('-')[0]}",  # libomp
+                f"sysroot/usr/lib/{triplet}",  # libc++_shared
+            ]
+        )
         shell(
             prepare_command(
                 state.options.repair_command,
+                ldpaths=ldpaths,
                 wheel=built_wheel,
                 dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
                 package=state.options.package_dir,
@@ -539,14 +667,15 @@ def repair_wheel(state: BuildState, built_wheel: Path) -> Path:
             env=state.build_env,
         )
     else:
-        repair_default(state.android_env, built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir)
+        shutil.move(built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir)
 
     repaired_wheels = list(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
     if len(repaired_wheels) == 0:
         raise errors.RepairStepProducedNoWheelError()
     if len(repaired_wheels) != 1:
-        msg = f"{repaired_wheel_dir} contains {len(repaired_wheels)} wheels; expected 1"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+        raise errors.RepairStepProducedMultipleWheelsError(
+            [rw.name for rw in repaired_wheels],
+        )
     repaired_wheel = repaired_wheels[0]
 
     if repaired_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
@@ -554,119 +683,12 @@ def repair_wheel(state: BuildState, built_wheel: Path) -> Path:
     return repaired_wheel
 
 
-def repair_default(
-    android_env: dict[str, str], built_wheel: Path, repaired_wheel_dir: Path
-) -> None:
-    """
-    Adds libc++ to the wheel if anything links against it. In the future this should be
-    moved to auditwheel and generalized to support more libraries.
-    """
-    if (match := re.search(r"^(.+?)-", built_wheel.name)) is None:
-        msg = f"Failed to parse wheel filename: {built_wheel.name}"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    wheel_name = match[1]
-
-    unpacked_dir = repaired_wheel_dir / "unpacked"
-    unpacked_dir.mkdir()
-    shutil.unpack_archive(built_wheel, unpacked_dir, format="zip")
-
-    # Some build systems are inconsistent about name normalization, so don't assume the
-    # dist-info name is identical to the wheel name.
-    record_paths = list(unpacked_dir.glob("*.dist-info/RECORD"))
-    if len(record_paths) != 1:
-        msg = f"{built_wheel.name} contains {len(record_paths)} dist-info/RECORD files; expected 1"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-    old_soname = "libc++_shared.so"
-    paths_to_patch = []
-    for path, elffile in elf_file_filter(
-        unpacked_dir / filename
-        for filename, *_ in csv.reader(record_paths[0].read_text().splitlines())
-    ):
-        if (dynamic := elffile.get_section_by_name(".dynamic")) and any(  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
-            tag.entry.d_tag == "DT_NEEDED" and tag.needed == old_soname
-            for tag in dynamic.iter_tags()
-        ):
-            paths_to_patch.append(path)
-
-    if not paths_to_patch:
-        shutil.copyfile(built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir / built_wheel.name)
-    else:
-        # Android doesn't support DT_RPATH, but supports DT_RUNPATH since API level 24
-        # (https://github.com/aosp-mirror/platform_bionic/blob/master/android-changes-for-ndk-developers.md).
-        if int(sysconfig_print('get_config_vars()["ANDROID_API_LEVEL"]', android_env)) < 24:
-            msg = f"Adding {old_soname} requires ANDROID_API_LEVEL to be at least 24"
-            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
-        toolchain = Path(android_env["CC"]).parent.parent
-        src_path = toolchain / f"sysroot/usr/lib/{android_env['CIBW_HOST_TRIPLET']}/{old_soname}"
-
-        # Use the same library location as auditwheel would.
-        libs_dir = unpacked_dir / (wheel_name + ".libs")
-        libs_dir.mkdir()
-        new_soname = soname_with_hash(src_path)
-        dst_path = libs_dir / new_soname
-        shutil.copyfile(src_path, dst_path)
-        call(which("patchelf"), "--set-soname", new_soname, dst_path)
-
-        for path in paths_to_patch:
-            call(which("patchelf"), "--replace-needed", old_soname, new_soname, path)
-            call(
-                which("patchelf"),
-                "--set-rpath",
-                f"${{ORIGIN}}/{relpath(libs_dir, path.parent)}",
-                path,
-            )
-        call(which("wheel"), "pack", unpacked_dir, "-d", repaired_wheel_dir)
-
-
-# If cibuildwheel was called without activating its environment, its scripts directory
-# will not be on the PATH.
-def which(cmd: str) -> str:
-    scripts_dir = sysconfig.get_path("scripts")
-    result = shutil.which(cmd, path=scripts_dir + os.pathsep + os.environ["PATH"])
-    if result is None:
-        msg = f"Couldn't find {cmd!r} in {scripts_dir} or on the PATH"
-        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-    return result
-
-
-def elf_file_filter(paths: Iterable[Path]) -> Iterator[tuple[Path, ELFFile]]:
-    """Filter through an iterator of filenames and load up only ELF files"""
-    for path in paths:
-        if not path.name.endswith(".py"):
-            try:
-                with open(path, "rb") as f:
-                    candidate = ELFFile(f)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
-                    yield path, candidate
-            except ELFError:
-                pass  # Not an ELF file
-
-
-def soname_with_hash(src_path: Path) -> str:
-    """Return the same library filename as auditwheel would"""
-    shorthash = hashlib.sha256(src_path.read_bytes()).hexdigest()[:8]
-    src_name = src_path.name
-    base, ext = src_name.split(".", 1)
-    if not base.endswith(f"-{shorthash}"):
-        return f"{base}-{shorthash}.{ext}"
-    else:
-        return src_name
-
-
-def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path, *, build_frontend: str) -> None:
+def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path) -> None:
     test_command = state.options.test_command
     if not (test_command and state.options.test_selector(state.config.identifier)):
         return
 
     log.step("Testing wheel...")
-    use_uv = build_frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}
-    uv_path = find_uv()
-    if use_uv and uv_path is None:
-        msg = "uv not found"
-        raise AssertionError(msg)
-    pip = ["pip"] if not use_uv else [str(uv_path), "pip"]
-
     native_arch = arch_synonym(platform.machine(), platforms.native_platform(), "android")
     if state.config.arch != native_arch:
         log.warning(
@@ -679,31 +701,17 @@ def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path, *, build_frontend: str) -> None:
         shell_prepared(
             state.options.before_test,
             build_options=state.options,
-            env=state.build_env,
+            env=state.android_env,
         )
 
-    platform_args = (
-        ["--python-platform", android_triplet(state.config.identifier)]
-        if use_uv
-        else [
-            "--platform",
-            sysconfig_print("get_platform()", state.android_env).replace("-", "_"),
-        ]
-    )
-
     # Install the wheel and test-requires.
     site_packages_dir = state.build_path / "site-packages"
     site_packages_dir.mkdir()
-    call(
-        *pip,
-        "install",
-        "--only-binary=:all:",
-        *platform_args,
-        "--target",
+    pip_install_android(
+        state,
         site_packages_dir,
         f"{wheel}{state.options.test_extras}",
         *state.options.test_requires,
-        env=state.android_env,
     )
 
     # Copy test-sources.
@@ -773,13 +781,3 @@ def test_wheel(state: BuildState, wheel: Path, *, build_frontend: str) -> None:
         *test_args,
         env=state.build_env,
     )
-
-
-def sysconfig_print(method_call: str, env: dict[str, str]) -> str:
-    return call(
-        "python",
-        "-c",
-        f'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.{method_call}, end="")',
-        env=env,
-        capture_stdout=True,
-    )

cibuildwheel/platforms/ios.py

@@ -1,5 +1,28 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.audit",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.platforms.macos",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "cibuildwheel.venv",
+    "filelock",
+    "packaging",
+    "packaging.version",
+    "pathlib",
+    "platform",
+    "shlex",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+    "textwrap",
+    "typing",
+}
+
 import dataclasses
 import os
 import platform
@@ -25,7 +48,13 @@ from cibuildwheel.logger import log
 from cibuildwheel.platforms.macos import install_cpython as install_build_cpython
 from cibuildwheel.util import resources
 from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell, split_command
-from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    copy_test_sources,
+    download,
+    move_file,
+    remove_on_error,
+)
 from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
 from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel
 from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, virtualenv
@@ -46,7 +75,8 @@ class PythonConfiguration:
     identifier: str
     url: str
     build_url: str
-    sha256: str = ""
+    build_sha256: str
+    sha256: str
 
     @property
     def sdk(self) -> str:
@@ -79,7 +109,7 @@ def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
     # configuration.
     macos_python_configs = resources.read_python_configs("macos")
 
-    def build_url(config_dict: dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    def build_python_config(config_dict: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, str]:
         # The iOS identifier will be something like cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos.
         # Drop the iphoneos suffix, then replace ios with macosx to yield
         # cp313-macosx_arm64, which will be a macOS build identifier.
@@ -88,18 +118,30 @@ def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
         matching = [
             config for config in macos_python_configs if config["identifier"] == macos_identifier
         ]
-        return matching[0]["url"]
+        if not matching:
+            msg = (
+                f"Internal error: no macOS configuration found matching "
+                f"{macos_identifier!r}, needed to build the iOS configuration "
+                f"{config_dict['identifier']!r}. The bundled build-platforms.toml "
+                f"resources are inconsistent."
+            )
+            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
+        return matching[0]
 
     # Load the platform configuration
     full_python_configs = resources.read_python_configs("ios")
     # Build the configurations, annotating with macOS URL details.
-    return [
-        PythonConfiguration(
-            **item,
-            build_url=build_url(item),
+    python_configurations = []
+    for item in full_python_configs:
+        build_config = build_python_config(item)
+        python_configurations.append(
+            PythonConfiguration(
+                **item,
+                build_url=build_config["url"],
+                build_sha256=build_config["sha256"],
+            )
         )
-        for item in full_python_configs
-    ]
+    return python_configurations
 
 
 def get_python_configurations(
@@ -134,9 +176,10 @@ def install_target_cpython(tmp: Path, config: PythonConfiguration, free_threadin
     with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
         if not installation_path.exists():
             downloaded_tar_gz = tmp / ios_python_tar_gz
-            download(config.url, downloaded_tar_gz, sha256=config.sha256 or None)
-            installation_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            call("tar", "-C", installation_path, "-xf", downloaded_tar_gz)
+            download(config.url, downloaded_tar_gz, sha256=config.sha256)
+            with remove_on_error(installation_path):
+                installation_path.mkdir(parents=True)
+                call("tar", "-C", installation_path, "-xf", downloaded_tar_gz)
             downloaded_tar_gz.unlink()
 
     return installation_path
@@ -320,6 +363,7 @@ def setup_python(
             python_configuration.version,
             python_configuration.build_url,
             free_threading,
+            python_configuration.build_sha256,
         )
     else:
         msg = f"Unknown Python implementation: {implementation_id}"
@@ -419,6 +463,9 @@ def setup_python(
                 *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
                 env=env,
             )
+        case "pyodide-build":
+            msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
         case _:
             assert_never(build_frontend)
 
@@ -483,6 +530,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 build_frontend=build_frontend.name,
                 xbuild_tools=build_options.xbuild_tools,
             )
+            env["CIBUILDWHEEL_BUILD_IDENTIFIER"] = config.identifier
 
             compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
             if compatible_wheel:
@@ -511,7 +559,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     build_options.build_verbosity,
                     prepare_config_settings(
                         build_options.config_settings,
-                        project=".",
+                        project=Path.cwd(),
                         package=build_options.package_dir,
                     ),
                 )
@@ -543,10 +591,16 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             *extra_flags,
                             env=env,
                         )
+                    case "pyodide-build":
+                        msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+                        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
                     case _:
                         assert_never(build_frontend)
 
-                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                try:
+                    built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.BuildProducedNoWheelError() from None
 
                 if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                     raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()

cibuildwheel/platforms/linux.py

@@ -1,5 +1,22 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.audit",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "collections",
+    "contextlib",
+    "pathlib",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+    "textwrap",
+    "typing",
+}
+
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
 import shutil
@@ -237,6 +254,7 @@ def build_in_container(
         env["PATH"] = f"{python_bin}:{env['PATH']}"
 
         env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(env, executor=container.environment_executor)
+        env["CIBUILDWHEEL_BUILD_IDENTIFIER"] = config.identifier
 
         # check config python is still on PATH
         which_python = container.call(["which", "python"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
@@ -342,10 +360,16 @@ def build_in_container(
                         ],
                         env=env,
                     )
+                case "pyodide-build":
+                    msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+                    raise errors.FatalError(msg)
                 case _:
                     assert_never(build_frontend)
 
-            built_wheel = container.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
+            try:
+                built_wheel = container.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
+            except IndexError:
+                raise errors.BuildProducedNoWheelError() from None
 
             repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
             container.call(["rm", "-rf", repaired_wheel_dir])
@@ -492,7 +516,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     abs_package_dir = options.globals.package_dir.resolve()
     if cwd != abs_package_dir and cwd not in abs_package_dir.parents:
         msg = "package_dir must be inside the working directory"
-        raise Exception(msg)
+        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
 
     container_project_path = PurePosixPath("/project")
     container_package_dir = container_project_path / abs_package_dir.relative_to(cwd)

cibuildwheel/platforms/macos.py

@@ -1,5 +1,27 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.audit",
+    "cibuildwheel.ci",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "cibuildwheel.venv",
+    "filelock",
+    "inspect",
+    "packaging",
+    "packaging.version",
+    "pathlib",
+    "platform",
+    "re",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+}
+
 import dataclasses
 import functools
 import inspect
@@ -27,7 +49,13 @@ from cibuildwheel.frontend import (
 from cibuildwheel.logger import log
 from cibuildwheel.util import resources
 from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call, shell
-from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, copy_test_sources, download, move_file
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+    copy_test_sources,
+    download,
+    move_file,
+    remove_on_error,
+)
 from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
 from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
 from cibuildwheel.venv import constraint_flags, find_uv, target_marker_env, virtualenv
@@ -88,7 +116,7 @@ class PythonConfiguration:
     version: str
     identifier: str
     url: str
-    sha256: str = ""
+    sha256: str
 
 
 def all_python_configurations() -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
@@ -136,9 +164,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     return python_configurations
 
 
-def install_cpython(
-    _tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool, sha256: str = ""
-) -> Path:
+def install_cpython(_tmp: Path, version: str, url: str, free_threading: bool, sha256: str) -> Path:
     ft = "T" if free_threading else ""
     installation_path = Path(f"/Library/Frameworks/Python{ft}.framework/Versions/{version}")
     with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"cpython{version}.lock"):
@@ -164,7 +190,7 @@ def install_cpython(
             python_filename = url.rsplit("/", maxsplit=1)[-1]
             pkg_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "cpython-installer" / python_filename
             if not pkg_path.exists():
-                download(url, pkg_path, sha256=sha256 or None)
+                download(url, pkg_path, sha256=sha256)
             args = []
             if version.startswith("3.14"):
                 args += ["-applyChoiceChangesXML", str(resources.FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_314.resolve())]
@@ -188,22 +214,24 @@ def install_cpython(
     return installation_path / "bin" / (f"python{version}t" if free_threading else "python3")
 
 
-def install_pypy(tmp: Path, url: str, sha256: str = "") -> Path:
-    pypy_tar_bz2 = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
-    extension = ".tar.bz2"
-    assert pypy_tar_bz2.endswith(extension)
-    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / pypy_tar_bz2[: -len(extension)]
+def install_pypy(tmp: Path, url: str, sha256: str) -> Path:
+    pypy_archive = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+    # PyPy ships .tar.bz2 for some platforms and .tar.gz for others.
+    extension = ".tar.bz2" if pypy_archive.endswith(".tar.bz2") else ".tar.gz"
+    assert pypy_archive.endswith(extension)
+    installation_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / pypy_archive[: -len(extension)]
     with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
         if not installation_path.exists():
-            downloaded_tar_bz2 = tmp / pypy_tar_bz2
-            download(url, downloaded_tar_bz2, sha256=sha256 or None)
+            downloaded_archive = tmp / pypy_archive
+            download(url, downloaded_archive, sha256=sha256)
             installation_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            call("tar", "-C", installation_path.parent, "-xf", downloaded_tar_bz2)
-            downloaded_tar_bz2.unlink()
+            with remove_on_error(installation_path):
+                call("tar", "-C", installation_path.parent, "-xf", downloaded_archive)
+            downloaded_archive.unlink()
     return installation_path / "bin" / "pypy3"
 
 
-def install_graalpy(tmp: Path, url: str, sha256: str = "") -> Path:
+def install_graalpy(tmp: Path, url: str, sha256: str) -> Path:
     graalpy_archive = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
     extension = ".tar.gz"
     assert graalpy_archive.endswith(extension)
@@ -211,10 +239,18 @@ def install_graalpy(tmp: Path, url: str, sha256: str = "") -> Path:
     with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
         if not installation_path.exists():
             downloaded_archive = tmp / graalpy_archive
-            download(url, downloaded_archive, sha256=sha256 or None)
-            installation_path.mkdir(parents=True)
-            # GraalPy top-folder name is inconsistent with archive name
-            call("tar", "-C", installation_path, "--strip-components=1", "-xzf", downloaded_archive)
+            download(url, downloaded_archive, sha256=sha256)
+            with remove_on_error(installation_path):
+                installation_path.mkdir(parents=True)
+                # GraalPy top-folder name is inconsistent with archive name
+                call(
+                    "tar",
+                    "-C",
+                    installation_path,
+                    "--strip-components=1",
+                    "-xzf",
+                    downloaded_archive,
+                )
             downloaded_archive.unlink()
     return installation_path / "bin" / "graalpy"
 
@@ -414,6 +450,9 @@ def setup_python(
                 *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
                 env=env,
             )
+        case "pyodide-build":
+            msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
         case _:
             assert_never(build_frontend)
 
@@ -473,6 +512,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 build_options.environment,
                 build_frontend.name,
             )
+            env["CIBUILDWHEEL_BUILD_IDENTIFIER"] = config.identifier
             pip_version = None if use_uv else get_pip_version(env)
 
             compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
@@ -498,7 +538,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     build_options.build_verbosity,
                     prepare_config_settings(
                         build_options.config_settings,
-                        project=".",
+                        project=Path.cwd(),
                         package=build_options.package_dir,
                     ),
                 )
@@ -549,10 +589,16 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             *extra_flags,
                             env=build_env,
                         )
+                    case "pyodide-build":
+                        msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+                        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
                     case _:
                         assert_never(build_frontend)
 
-                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                try:
+                    built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.BuildProducedNoWheelError() from None
 
                 repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()
 

cibuildwheel/platforms/pyodide.py

@@ -1,5 +1,26 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.architecture",
+    "cibuildwheel.audit",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.python_build_standalone",
+    "cibuildwheel.venv",
+    "filelock",
+    "json",
+    "pathlib",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+    "tempfile",
+    "tomllib",
+}
+
 import dataclasses
 import functools
 import json
@@ -29,6 +50,7 @@ from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
     extract_tar,
     extract_zip,
     move_file,
+    remove_on_error,
 )
 from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap, unwrap_preserving_paragraphs
 from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
@@ -92,10 +114,11 @@ def ensure_node(major_version: str) -> Path:
             with TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_path:
                 archive = Path(tmp_path) / f"{name}.{ext}"
                 download(url, archive)
-                if ext == "zip":
-                    extract_zip(archive, path.parent)
-                else:
-                    extract_tar(archive, path.parent)
+                with remove_on_error(path):
+                    if ext == "zip":
+                        extract_zip(archive, path.parent)
+                    else:
+                        extract_tar(archive, path.parent)
     assert path.exists()
     if not IS_WIN:
         return path / "bin"
@@ -110,18 +133,19 @@ def install_emscripten(env: dict[str, str], version: str, xbuildenv_cache_path:
     with FileLock(CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "emscripten.lock"):
         if emscripten_dir.exists():
             return emscripten_dir
-        call(
-            "pyodide",
-            "xbuildenv",
-            "install-emscripten",
-            "--force",
-            "--version",
-            version,
-            "--path",
-            str(xbuildenv_cache_path),
-            env=env,
-            cwd=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-        )
+        with remove_on_error(emscripten_dir):
+            call(
+                "pyodide",
+                "xbuildenv",
+                "install-emscripten",
+                "--force",
+                "--version",
+                version,
+                "--path",
+                str(xbuildenv_cache_path),
+                env=env,
+                cwd=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+            )
     assert emscripten_dir.exists()
     return emscripten_dir
 
@@ -194,6 +218,36 @@ def validate_pyodide_build_version(
         raise errors.FatalError(msg)
 
 
+def validate_pyodide_target_python(
+    xbuildenv_info: PyodideXBuildEnvInfo, python_configuration: PythonConfiguration
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Validate that the resolved Pyodide xbuildenv targets the same Python version
+    as the identifier being built.
+
+    This is to catch the case where a global ``pyodide-version`` is applied to an
+    identifier whose Python version does not match, such as setting
+    ``pyodide-version = "3Y.0.0"`` (a Python 3.Y environment) while
+    building ``cp3X-pyodide_wasm32``.
+    """
+    xbuildenv_version = xbuildenv_info["version"]
+    identifier = python_configuration.identifier
+    expected_version = python_configuration.version
+    default_version = python_configuration.default_pyodide_version
+    xbuildenv_python_minor = ".".join(xbuildenv_info["python"].split(".")[:2])
+    if xbuildenv_python_minor != expected_version:
+        msg = unwrap_preserving_paragraphs(f"""
+            The `pyodide-version` option is set to {xbuildenv_version}, which
+            provides Python {xbuildenv_python_minor}, but the {identifier} build
+            needs Python {expected_version}.
+
+            Either remove `pyodide-version` so {identifier} uses its default
+            ({default_version}), or stop building {identifier} so that
+            `pyodide-version` only applies to an identifier it matches.
+        """)
+        raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
+
+
 def install_xbuildenv(env: dict[str, str], xbuildenv_cache_path: Path, pyodide_version: str) -> str:
     """Install a particular Pyodide xbuildenv version and set a path to the Pyodide root."""
     pyodide_root = xbuildenv_cache_path / pyodide_version / "xbuildenv" / "pyodide-root"
@@ -208,17 +262,18 @@ def install_xbuildenv(env: dict[str, str], xbuildenv_cache_path: Path, pyodide_v
         env.pop("PYODIDE_ROOT", None)
 
         # Install the xbuildenv
-        call(
-            "pyodide",
-            "xbuildenv",
-            "install",
-            "--path",
-            str(xbuildenv_cache_path),
-            pyodide_version,
-            env=env,
-            cwd=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
-        )
-        assert pyodide_root.exists()
+        with remove_on_error(xbuildenv_cache_path / pyodide_version):
+            call(
+                "pyodide",
+                "xbuildenv",
+                "install",
+                "--path",
+                str(xbuildenv_cache_path),
+                pyodide_version,
+                env=env,
+                cwd=CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
+            )
+            assert pyodide_root.exists()
 
     return str(pyodide_root)
 
@@ -312,6 +367,10 @@ def setup_python(
         xbuildenv_info=xbuildenv_info,
         pyodide_build_version=pyodide_build_version,
     )
+    validate_pyodide_target_python(
+        xbuildenv_info=xbuildenv_info,
+        python_configuration=python_configuration,
+    )
 
     xbuildenv_cache_path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"pyodide-build-{pyodide_build_version}"
 
@@ -367,10 +426,6 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
             build_frontend = build_options.build_frontend
 
-            if build_frontend.name == "pip":
-                msg = "The pyodide platform doesn't support pip frontend"
-                raise errors.FatalError(msg)
-
             log.build_start(config.identifier)
 
             identifier_tmp_dir = tmp_path / config.identifier
@@ -392,6 +447,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 environment=build_options.environment,
                 user_pyodide_version=build_options.pyodide_version,
             )
+            env["CIBUILDWHEEL_BUILD_IDENTIFIER"] = config.identifier
             pip_version = get_pip_version(env)
             # The Pyodide command line runner mounts all directories in the host
             # filesystem into the Pyodide file system, except for the custom
@@ -433,7 +489,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     build_options.build_verbosity,
                     prepare_config_settings(
                         build_options.config_settings,
-                        project=".",
+                        project=Path.cwd(),
                         package=build_options.package_dir,
                     ),
                 )
@@ -446,7 +502,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     *extra_flags,
                     env=env,
                 )
-                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                try:
+                    built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.BuildProducedNoWheelError() from None
 
                 if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                     raise errors.NonPlatformWheelError()
@@ -466,7 +525,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 else:
                     shutil.move(str(built_wheel), repaired_wheel_dir)
 
-                repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                try:
+                    repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.RepairStepProducedNoWheelError() from None
 
                 if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
                     raise errors.AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)

cibuildwheel/platforms/windows.py

@@ -1,7 +1,26 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.architecture",
+    "cibuildwheel.audit",
+    "cibuildwheel.frontend",
+    "cibuildwheel.logger",
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.packaging",
+    "cibuildwheel.venv",
+    "filelock",
+    "pathlib",
+    "platform",
+    "shutil",
+    "subprocess",
+    "textwrap",
+    "typing",
+}
+
 import dataclasses
-import json
 import os
 import platform as platform_module
 import shutil
@@ -30,6 +49,7 @@ from cibuildwheel.util.file import (
     download,
     extract_zip,
     move_file,
+    remove_on_error,
 )
 from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import prepare_command, unwrap
 from cibuildwheel.util.packaging import find_compatible_wheel, get_pip_version
@@ -112,7 +132,8 @@ def _ensure_nuget() -> Path:
     nuget = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "nuget.exe"
     with FileLock(str(nuget) + ".lock"):
         if not nuget.exists():
-            download("https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe", nuget)
+            with remove_on_error(nuget):
+                download("https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe", nuget)
     return nuget
 
 
@@ -128,11 +149,12 @@ def install_cpython(configuration: PythonConfiguration, arch: str | None = None)
     with FileLock(str(base_output_dir) + f"-{version}{free_threaded_str}-{arch}.lock"):
         if not installation_path.exists():
             nuget = _ensure_nuget()
-            call(nuget, "install", *nuget_args)
+            with remove_on_error(installation_path.parent):
+                call(nuget, "install", *nuget_args)
     return installation_path / "python.exe"
 
 
-def install_pypy(tmp: Path, arch: str, url: str, sha256: str = "") -> Path:
+def install_pypy(tmp: Path, arch: str, url: str, sha256: str) -> Path:
     assert arch == "64"
     assert "win64" in url
     # Inside the PyPy zip file is a directory with the same name
@@ -143,13 +165,14 @@ def install_pypy(tmp: Path, arch: str, url: str, sha256: str = "") -> Path:
     with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
         if not installation_path.exists():
             pypy_zip = tmp / zip_filename
-            download(url, pypy_zip, sha256=sha256 or None)
-            # Extract to the parent directory because the zip file still contains a directory
-            extract_zip(pypy_zip, installation_path.parent)
+            download(url, pypy_zip, sha256=sha256)
+            with remove_on_error(installation_path):
+                # Extract to the parent directory because the zip file still contains a directory
+                extract_zip(pypy_zip, installation_path.parent)
     return installation_path / "python.exe"
 
 
-def install_graalpy(tmp: Path, url: str, sha256: str = "") -> Path:
+def install_graalpy(tmp: Path, url: str, sha256: str) -> Path:
     zip_filename = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
     extension = ".zip"
     assert zip_filename.endswith(extension)
@@ -157,9 +180,10 @@ def install_graalpy(tmp: Path, url: str, sha256: str = "") -> Path:
     with FileLock(str(installation_path) + ".lock"):
         if not installation_path.exists():
             graalpy_zip = tmp / zip_filename
-            download(url, graalpy_zip, sha256=sha256 or None)
-            # Extract to the parent directory because the zip file still contains a directory
-            extract_zip(graalpy_zip, installation_path.parent)
+            download(url, graalpy_zip, sha256=sha256)
+            with remove_on_error(installation_path):
+                # Extract to the parent directory because the zip file still contains a directory
+                extract_zip(graalpy_zip, installation_path.parent)
     return installation_path / "bin" / "graalpy.exe"
 
 
@@ -273,13 +297,14 @@ def setup_python(
             base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration, arch=native_arch)
     elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
         assert python_configuration.url is not None
+        assert python_configuration.sha256
         base_python = install_pypy(
             tmp, python_configuration.arch, python_configuration.url, python_configuration.sha256
         )
     elif implementation_id.startswith("gp"):
-        base_python = install_graalpy(
-            tmp, python_configuration.url or "", python_configuration.sha256
-        )
+        assert python_configuration.url is not None
+        assert python_configuration.sha256
+        base_python = install_graalpy(tmp, python_configuration.url, python_configuration.sha256)
     else:
         msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
         raise ValueError(msg)
@@ -323,7 +348,7 @@ def setup_python(
         assert (venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe").exists()
         where_pip = call("where", "pip", env=env, capture_stdout=True).splitlines()[0].strip()
         print(where_pip)
-        if where_pip.strip() != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe"):
+        if where_pip != str(venv_path / "Scripts" / "pip.exe"):
             msg = "pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it."
             raise errors.FatalError(msg)
         call("pip", "--version", env=env)
@@ -376,6 +401,9 @@ def setup_python(
                 *constraint_flags(dependency_constraint),
                 env=env,
             )
+        case "pyodide-build":
+            msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+            raise errors.FatalError(msg)
         case _:
             assert_never(build_frontend)
 
@@ -384,42 +412,6 @@ def setup_python(
         setup_setuptools_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
         setup_rust_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
 
-    if implementation_id.startswith("gp311"):
-        # GraalPy 24 fails to discover compilers, setup the relevant environment
-        # variables. Adapted from
-        # https://github.com/microsoft/vswhere/wiki/Start-Developer-Command-Prompt
-        # Remove when GraalPy 24.x is dropped.
-        vcpath = call(
-            Path(os.environ["PROGRAMFILES(X86)"])
-            / "Microsoft Visual Studio"
-            / "Installer"
-            / "vswhere.exe",
-            "-products",
-            "*",
-            "-latest",
-            "-property",
-            "installationPath",
-            capture_stdout=True,
-        ).strip()
-        log.notice(f"Discovering Visual Studio for GraalPy at {vcpath}")
-        vcvars_file = tmp / "vcvars.json"
-        call(
-            f"{vcpath}\\Common7\\Tools\\vsdevcmd.bat",
-            "-no_logo",
-            "-arch=amd64",
-            "-host_arch=amd64",
-            "&&",
-            "python",
-            "-c",
-            # this command needs to be one line for Windows reasons
-            "import sys, json, pathlib, os; pathlib.Path(sys.argv[1]).write_text(json.dumps(dict(os.environ)))",
-            vcvars_file,
-            env=env,
-        )
-        with open(vcvars_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            vcvars = json.load(f)
-        env.update(vcvars)
-
     return base_python, env
 
 
@@ -471,6 +463,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 build_options.environment,
                 build_frontend.name,
             )
+            env["CIBUILDWHEEL_BUILD_IDENTIFIER"] = config.identifier
             pip_version = None if use_uv else get_pip_version(env)
 
             compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
@@ -499,27 +492,11 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     build_options.build_verbosity,
                     prepare_config_settings(
                         build_options.config_settings,
-                        project=".",
+                        project=Path.cwd(),
                         package=options.globals.package_dir,
                     ),
                 )
 
-                if (
-                    config.identifier.startswith("gp311")
-                    and build_frontend.name == "build"
-                    and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags
-                    and "-n" not in extra_flags
-                ):
-                    # GraalPy 24 fails to discover its standard library when a venv is created
-                    # from a virtualenv seeded executable. See
-                    # https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/491 and remove this once
-                    # GraalPy 24 is dropped.
-                    log.notice(
-                        "Disabling build isolation to workaround GraalPy bug. If the build fails, consider using pip or build[uv] as build frontend."
-                    )
-                    shell("graalpy -m pip install setuptools wheel", env=env)
-                    extra_flags = [*extra_flags, "-n"]
-
                 match build_frontend.name:
                     case "pip":
                         # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
@@ -565,10 +542,16 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                             *extra_flags,
                             env=env,
                         )
+                    case "pyodide-build":
+                        msg = "The 'pyodide-build' build frontend is not supported on this platform"
+                        raise errors.FatalError(msg)
                     case _:
                         assert_never(build_frontend)
 
-                built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                try:
+                    built_wheel = next(built_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    raise errors.BuildProducedNoWheelError() from None
 
                 # repair the wheel
                 repaired_wheel_dir.mkdir()

cibuildwheel/projectfiles.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"configparser", "contextlib", "dependency_groups"}
+
 import ast
 import configparser
 import contextlib

cibuildwheel/resources/android/_cross_venv.py

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ def initialize() -> None:
     if not (host_triplet := os.environ.get("CIBW_HOST_TRIPLET")):
         return
 
+    # Pre-import any modules which would fail to import after the monkey-patching.
+    import ctypes  # noqa: F401, PLC0415 - uses get_config_var("LDLIBRARY")
+
     # os ######################################################################
     def cross_os_uname() -> os.uname_result:
         return os.uname_result(

cibuildwheel/resources/android/android.patch

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
---- a/android.py
-+++ b/android.py
-@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ def main():
-     context = parse_args()
- 
-     # Set the CROSS_BUILD_DIR if an argument was provided
--    if context.cross_build_dir:
-+    if getattr(context, "cross_build_dir", None):
-         global CROSS_BUILD_DIR
-         CROSS_BUILD_DIR = context.cross_build_dir.resolve()
- 

cibuildwheel/resources/android/fortran_shim.py

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# This file intentionally has no hashbang line in the source: cibuildwheel will add it
+# above this comment when the file is deployed.
+
+import os
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from tempfile import gettempdir
+
+from filelock import FileLock
+
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download
+
+# In the future we might pick a different Flang release depending on the NDK version,
+# but so far all Python versions use the same NDK version, so there's no need.
+RELEASE_URL = "https://github.com/termux/ndk-toolchain-clang-with-flang/releases/download"
+RELEASE_VERSION = "r27c"
+ARCHS = ["aarch64", "x86_64"]
+
+# The compiler is built for Linux x86_64, so we use Docker on macOS.
+DOCKER_IMAGE = "debian:trixie-slim"
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    cache_dir = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"flang-android-{RELEASE_VERSION}"
+    with FileLock(f"{cache_dir}.lock"):
+        if not cache_dir.exists():
+            download_flang(cache_dir)
+
+    run_flang(cache_dir)
+
+
+def download_flang(cache_dir: Path) -> None:
+    tmp_dir = Path(f"{cache_dir}.tmp")
+    if tmp_dir.exists():
+        shutil.rmtree(tmp_dir)
+    tmp_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+
+    for archive_name in [f"package-flang-{arch}.tar.bz2" for arch in ARCHS] + [
+        "package-flang-host.tar.bz2",
+        "package-install.tar.bz2",
+    ]:
+        archive_path = tmp_dir / archive_name
+        download(f"{RELEASE_URL}/{RELEASE_VERSION}/{archive_name}", archive_path)
+        shutil.unpack_archive(archive_path, tmp_dir)
+        archive_path.unlink()
+
+    # Merge the extracted trees together, along with the necessary parts of the NDK. Based on
+    # https://github.com/kivy/python-for-android/blob/develop/pythonforandroid/recipes/fortran/__init__.py.
+    flang_toolchain = tmp_dir / "toolchain"
+    (tmp_dir / "out/install/linux-x86/clang-dev").rename(flang_toolchain)
+
+    ndk_toolchain = Path(os.environ["CC"]).parents[1]
+    if (clang_ver_flang := clang_ver(flang_toolchain)) != (
+        clang_ver_ndk := clang_ver(ndk_toolchain)
+    ):
+        msg = f"Flang uses Clang {clang_ver_flang}, but NDK uses Clang {clang_ver_ndk}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    clang_lib_path = f"lib/clang/{clang_ver_ndk}/lib"
+    shutil.rmtree(flang_toolchain / clang_lib_path)
+
+    for src, dst in [
+        (f"{tmp_dir}/build-{arch}-install", f"sysroot/usr/lib/{arch}-linux-android")
+        for arch in ARCHS
+    ] + [
+        (f"{tmp_dir}/build-host-install", ""),
+        (f"{ndk_toolchain}/{clang_lib_path}", clang_lib_path),
+        (f"{ndk_toolchain}/sysroot", "sysroot"),
+    ]:
+        shutil.copytree(src, flang_toolchain / dst, symlinks=True, dirs_exist_ok=True)
+
+    flang_toolchain.rename(cache_dir)
+    shutil.rmtree(tmp_dir)
+
+
+def clang_ver(toolchain: Path) -> str:
+    versions = [p.name for p in (toolchain / "lib/clang").iterdir()]
+    assert len(versions) == 1
+    return versions[0]
+
+
+def run_flang(cache_dir: Path) -> None:
+    match = re.fullmatch(r".+/(.+)-clang", os.environ["CC"])
+    assert match is not None
+    target = match[1]
+
+    # In a future Flang version the executable name will change to "flang"
+    # (https://blog.llvm.org/posts/2025-03-11-flang-new/).
+    flang_args = [f"{cache_dir}/bin/flang-new", f"--target={target}", *sys.argv[1:]]
+
+    if sys.platform == "linux":
+        args = flang_args
+    elif sys.platform == "darwin":
+        args = ["docker", "run", "--rm", "--platform", "linux/amd64"]
+        # Docker on macOS only allows certain directories to be mounted as volumes
+        # by default, but they include all the locations we're likely to need.
+        for path in [
+            # Location of CIBW_CACHE_PATH (containing the Fortran compiler), and
+            # probably the project directory.
+            Path.home(),
+            # Temporary directories created by build backends and cibuildwheel itself.
+            # This is controlled by the TMPDIR environment variable, which is set to
+            # an unpredictable subdirectory of /var/folders. /var is itself a symlink
+            # to /private/var.
+            Path(gettempdir()),
+            Path(gettempdir()).resolve(),
+        ]:
+            args += ["-v", f"{path}:{path}"]
+        args += ["--workdir", str(Path.cwd())]
+        args += ["--entrypoint", flang_args[0], DOCKER_IMAGE, *flang_args[1:]]
+    else:
+        msg = f"unknown platform: {sys.platform}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    os.execvp(args[0], args)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native" },
   { identifier = "gp312_250-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -71,7 +70,6 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native" },
   { identifier = "gp312_250-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
@@ -155,30 +153,28 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "8373e58da4ea146b3eb1c1f9834f19a319440b6b679b06050b1f9ee3237aa8e4" },
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "8373e58da4ea146b3eb1c1f9834f19a319440b6b679b06050b1f9ee3237aa8e4" },
   { identifier = "cp312-macosx_universal2", version = "3.12", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.10/python-3.12.10-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "8373e58da4ea146b3eb1c1f9834f19a319440b6b679b06050b1f9ee3237aa8e4" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "a909cb655af5db67d5a90b3603437a1d58bec3446d624e4034e278ac62023cc9" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "a909cb655af5db67d5a90b3603437a1d58bec3446d624e4034e278ac62023cc9" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "a909cb655af5db67d5a90b3603437a1d58bec3446d624e4034e278ac62023cc9" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "b28a8dc33c456dd06c97024697d63ca916cfb494594c06fa3e4ef4d41fa82335" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "b28a8dc33c456dd06c97024697d63ca916cfb494594c06fa3e4ef4d41fa82335" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "b28a8dc33c456dd06c97024697d63ca916cfb494594c06fa3e4ef4d41fa82335" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "b28a8dc33c456dd06c97024697d63ca916cfb494594c06fa3e4ef4d41fa82335" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "b28a8dc33c456dd06c97024697d63ca916cfb494594c06fa3e4ef4d41fa82335" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "b28a8dc33c456dd06c97024697d63ca916cfb494594c06fa3e4ef4d41fa82335" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b1-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d9e6de70d8bb02c9300b9d8e8b56aadb8dd426073d97e6225ac5319b3eb6d84e" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-macosx_arm64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b1-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d9e6de70d8bb02c9300b9d8e8b56aadb8dd426073d97e6225ac5319b3eb6d84e" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-macosx_universal2", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b1-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d9e6de70d8bb02c9300b9d8e8b56aadb8dd426073d97e6225ac5319b3eb6d84e" },
-  { identifier = "cp315t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b1-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d9e6de70d8bb02c9300b9d8e8b56aadb8dd426073d97e6225ac5319b3eb6d84e" },
-  { identifier = "cp315t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b1-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d9e6de70d8bb02c9300b9d8e8b56aadb8dd426073d97e6225ac5319b3eb6d84e" },
-  { identifier = "cp315t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b1-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d9e6de70d8bb02c9300b9d8e8b56aadb8dd426073d97e6225ac5319b3eb6d84e" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2", sha256 = "fda015431621e7e5aa16359d114f2c45a77ed936992c1efff86302e768a6b21c" },
-  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.bz2", sha256 = "88f824e7a2d676440d09bc90fc959ae0fd3557d7e2f14bfbbe53d41d159a47fe" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2", sha256 = "2c5e5c2a33ac882551d7f28b98d19d486b8995aa50824a73b4edcc6aeec35c63" },
-  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.bz2", sha256 = "3db8a03fc496164801646844d7f3b12baa0adb3ad9a0b7cb124521bc2e168a36" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.23-macos_x86_64.tar.bz2", sha256 = "c95363c4e87235d11a6cec8128239c291b1eb67a752778fbcfe029a71da82b5e" },
-  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.23-macos_arm64.tar.bz2", sha256 = "4747b3aceba4c1c6104cddc0fe5ea302101d32955f0957347b9ecc4fbd7aed05" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-amd64.tar.gz", sha256 = "" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-aarch64.tar.gz", sha256 = "f4a2ae01bae0fa53ec0d19f86d73c6dcc2a162d245552030183b84bfdd8f7635" },
-  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.1/graalpy-25.0.1-macos-amd64.tar.gz", sha256 = "" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.14/python-3.13.14-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "8e58affb218c155a1dfdc27b291f817129669f8760e7a297adb2e4439ba5d2e8" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_arm64", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.14/python-3.13.14-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "8e58affb218c155a1dfdc27b291f817129669f8760e7a297adb2e4439ba5d2e8" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-macosx_universal2", version = "3.13", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.14/python-3.13.14-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "8e58affb218c155a1dfdc27b291f817129669f8760e7a297adb2e4439ba5d2e8" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d3c9fff52214847e4fab03e9eaf53dd2a8e51e3534aa0b61f201b749f86bef28" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d3c9fff52214847e4fab03e9eaf53dd2a8e51e3534aa0b61f201b749f86bef28" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d3c9fff52214847e4fab03e9eaf53dd2a8e51e3534aa0b61f201b749f86bef28" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d3c9fff52214847e4fab03e9eaf53dd2a8e51e3534aa0b61f201b749f86bef28" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d3c9fff52214847e4fab03e9eaf53dd2a8e51e3534aa0b61f201b749f86bef28" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "d3c9fff52214847e4fab03e9eaf53dd2a8e51e3534aa0b61f201b749f86bef28" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0rc1-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "57e0b1095f5dda52a8ff8b3b73140a52dfb3b76bdcf9e0284f2dbe10f7ee92ea" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-macosx_arm64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0rc1-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "57e0b1095f5dda52a8ff8b3b73140a52dfb3b76bdcf9e0284f2dbe10f7ee92ea" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-macosx_universal2", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0rc1-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "57e0b1095f5dda52a8ff8b3b73140a52dfb3b76bdcf9e0284f2dbe10f7ee92ea" },
+  { identifier = "cp315t-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0rc1-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "57e0b1095f5dda52a8ff8b3b73140a52dfb3b76bdcf9e0284f2dbe10f7ee92ea" },
+  { identifier = "cp315t-macosx_arm64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0rc1-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "57e0b1095f5dda52a8ff8b3b73140a52dfb3b76bdcf9e0284f2dbe10f7ee92ea" },
+  { identifier = "cp315t-macosx_universal2", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0rc1-macos11.pkg", sha256 = "57e0b1095f5dda52a8ff8b3b73140a52dfb3b76bdcf9e0284f2dbe10f7ee92ea" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_x86_64.tar.gz", sha256 = "7ea762a1b0af7545a74cd4260bb3fd2812813deffef2ef8d2fddd5e03fa63ef1" },
+  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-macos_arm64.tar.gz", sha256 = "b09ce3a865c1c0f4e58c0ee4f70511f1b27dfc1f7148f4b6060cfdfd581c9e82" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_x86_64.tar.gz", sha256 = "63f9d30cdd9e47cfe279be941975ac3d24e46c79756cd1d1bd2c551c27d8b32c" },
+  { identifier = "pp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-macos_arm64.tar.gz", sha256 = "72a74cf645e43608f7d88831581fb0f8e1f963fb38f0793bacd37d5018a9aeb8" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.23-macos_x86_64.tar.gz", sha256 = "798279b0f233893ae22754290aedf35a1aea1ec9013a8ad8110f166d85944c91" },
+  { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.23-macos_arm64.tar.gz", sha256 = "f837b3c203d60d7e25a31e267671a07ba0c9b9ac8081ad225571fb06fccf1b7b" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.1/graalpy-25.0.1-macos-amd64.tar.gz", sha256 = "10b0721d52397f0cc85f038900318da2203711cbcfae7899e3faed49d3dc6221" },
   { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.3/graalpy-25.0.3-macos-aarch64.tar.gz", sha256 = "387d9f5b376860842bea4d55aae5820974f3f3b68fc36c77ae863a061a888857" },
 ]
 
@@ -192,29 +188,28 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.9" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win32", version = "3.12.10" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win_amd64", version = "3.12.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.5" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.5" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.5" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.5" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-win32", version = "3.15.0-b1" },
-  { identifier = "cp315t-win32", version = "3.15.0-b1" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-win_amd64", version = "3.15.0-b1" },
-  { identifier = "cp315t-win_amd64", version = "3.15.0-b1" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win32", version = "3.13.14" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_amd64", version = "3.13.14" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win32", version = "3.14.6" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win32", version = "3.14.6" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win_amd64", version = "3.14.6" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win_amd64", version = "3.14.6" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-win32", version = "3.15.0-rc1" },
+  { identifier = "cp315t-win32", version = "3.15.0-rc1" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-win_amd64", version = "3.15.0-rc1" },
+  { identifier = "cp315t-win_amd64", version = "3.15.0-rc1" },
   { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10" },
   { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.11" },
   { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.9" },
   { identifier = "cp312-win_arm64", version = "3.12.10" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.13" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.5" },
-  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.5" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-win_arm64", version = "3.15.0-b1" },
-  { identifier = "cp315t-win_arm64", version = "3.15.0-b1" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-win_arm64", version = "3.13.14" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-win_arm64", version = "3.14.6" },
+  { identifier = "cp314t-win_arm64", version = "3.14.6" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-win_arm64", version = "3.15.0-rc1" },
+  { identifier = "cp315t-win_arm64", version = "3.15.0-rc1" },
   { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.16-win64.zip", sha256 = "06ec12a5e964dc0ad33e6f380185a4d295178dce6d6df512f508e7aee00a1323" },
   { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-win64.zip", sha256 = "c0d07bba6c8fb4e5804f4a8b3f8ef07cc3d89f6ad1db42a45ffb9be60bbb7cc2" },
   { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.23-win64.zip", sha256 = "948b8ea58dea5b9917210fe4afd242c788fbfaba1c3f1a25e696a404f703389a" },
-  { identifier = "gp311_242-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-windows-amd64.zip", sha256 = "9606134284d4d95b2f9d69c3087cd3e9e488f46355b419f5e66588a3281df6a3" },
   { identifier = "gp312_250-win_amd64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.3/graalpy-25.0.3-windows-amd64.zip", sha256 = "2ae5c42b93e08d9e106a017634a3442b272ccae6d08ace157244de0449e937d4" },
 ]
 
@@ -222,28 +217,29 @@ python_configurations = [
 python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "cp312-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.12", default_pyodide_version = "0.27.7", node_version = "v22", sha256 = "0c2e7db42efa5d1dac38b50f8b3d659a1e3885d0a233494831b8206281307d52" },
   { identifier = "cp313-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.13", default_pyodide_version = "0.29.4", node_version = "v22", sha256 = "a29fc4a076408a18fc29eb4b280f80c6dddc95c19514c874c29e590d0931c02a" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.14", default_pyodide_version = "314.0.0a2", node_version = "v24", sha256 = "ac7bbcdf289ab3ae25621c436b1d013099ef6bec644ad0538dae5d65552c5c95" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.14", default_pyodide_version = "314.0.4", node_version = "v24", sha256 = "257ceae085eaa1423c2ab49794d7a72bf36ddad475d126fa929791b9a8ab7289" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.15", default_pyodide_version = "315.0.0a2", node_version = "v24", sha256 = "d7c0d6ddf0fce807668d7413d0e0f20fbc7922128ba8361ed71d9cff048cb96a" },
 ]
 
 [android]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp313-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "a21250c246b36eb704be096be51e40ab24cafa3ae1d7ca4c396e6bf780cf87cf" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-android_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.13/python-3.13.13-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "b021b76df2c8d64e41c76d18a2d91f27652356bd932c06f9076bac1b664c0e37" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "f008321abf837fcaec569df143283ece0e764b18d8c75763200160553f906af1" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-android_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.5/python-3.14.5-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "36184e31464b2b959d92c81ded8d025834342cc080623bced282a2a9a57bd47c" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b1-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "9a25e5499d639d4f59bc766ad36c9eddd892232a9f9224c2fa4ef55dc1d49ff3" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-android_x86_64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b1-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "86f492e92340028c8c7efedde6760b40f5e645062d0ef17af0d0bf4d18b127f2" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.14/python-3.13.14-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "2541c4fa77b6543504c97fa90a71c745225b5800fe25bc8c73a6516b594d0cbc" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-android_x86_64", version = "3.13", url = "https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/chaquo/python/python/3.13.14/python-3.13.14-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "9d96f7e077677b6651b2e756034ed41ab4479f5f8bf3168a814f458bc2ac137e" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "38bbe77d3167b5cd554e03b1021324926f09f3825202b065951dd7638e9c37e5" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-android_x86_64", version = "3.14", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.14.6/python-3.14.6-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "e04eb26607627e68d148f89de793372f54a345c91b13628567f24abcdd3bfa3e" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-android_arm64_v8a", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0rc1-aarch64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "7d6fb28a69368841656f919a08141b0e3720837ac67987388037ee9d2a5c5492" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-android_x86_64", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0rc1-x86_64-linux-android.tar.gz", sha256 = "f048f5c60b538efc64e4c26399a0a21202ce430949d5b2c10369d624548a5dc3" },
 ]
 
 [ios]
 python_configurations = [
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz", sha256 = "d1f95f95137a4b91dc0cbe9b99ddfc0a78918dde883c7fbe7147074a5e715274" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz", sha256 = "d1f95f95137a4b91dc0cbe9b99ddfc0a78918dde883c7fbe7147074a5e715274" },
-  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b13/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b13.tar.gz", sha256 = "d1f95f95137a4b91dc0cbe9b99ddfc0a78918dde883c7fbe7147074a5e715274" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz", sha256 = "8e4123b543bf17fdae2e2c6c033434487752438431014eb12e6d833aa35927a8" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz", sha256 = "8e4123b543bf17fdae2e2c6c033434487752438431014eb12e6d833aa35927a8" },
-  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b9/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b9.tar.gz", sha256 = "8e4123b543bf17fdae2e2c6c033434487752438431014eb12e6d833aa35927a8" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b1-iOS-XCframework.tar.gz", sha256 = "abd43fc362bb6e40a5233a499aa3fa96bf49306ca10b4cbcb27418778e429eb8" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b1-iOS-XCframework.tar.gz", sha256 = "abd43fc362bb6e40a5233a499aa3fa96bf49306ca10b4cbcb27418778e429eb8" },
-  { identifier = "cp315-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0b1-iOS-XCframework.tar.gz", sha256 = "abd43fc362bb6e40a5233a499aa3fa96bf49306ca10b4cbcb27418778e429eb8" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b14/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b14.tar.gz", sha256 = "8b5cb76ef8d8a2946052479358eeec9d54b4496cb60920e175ec1489b5cf7963" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b14/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b14.tar.gz", sha256 = "8b5cb76ef8d8a2946052479358eeec9d54b4496cb60920e175ec1489b5cf7963" },
+  { identifier = "cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.13", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.13-b14/Python-3.13-iOS-support.b14.tar.gz", sha256 = "8b5cb76ef8d8a2946052479358eeec9d54b4496cb60920e175ec1489b5cf7963" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b10/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b10.tar.gz", sha256 = "200ef60eb67be0483ceb638daa9048f84f41a9a952707a5ad4c3198037c7b583" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b10/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b10.tar.gz", sha256 = "200ef60eb67be0483ceb638daa9048f84f41a9a952707a5ad4c3198037c7b583" },
+  { identifier = "cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.14", url = "https://github.com/beeware/Python-Apple-support/releases/download/3.14-b10/Python-3.14-iOS-support.b10.tar.gz", sha256 = "200ef60eb67be0483ceb638daa9048f84f41a9a952707a5ad4c3198037c7b583" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-ios_arm64_iphoneos", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0rc1-iOS-XCframework.tar.gz", sha256 = "178bf7bef9cd0f18b27cacb98b14332a5ba44c9427543ffb71f8809bc1f11c3c" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0rc1-iOS-XCframework.tar.gz", sha256 = "178bf7bef9cd0f18b27cacb98b14332a5ba44c9427543ffb71f8809bc1f11c3c" },
+  { identifier = "cp315-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator", version = "3.15", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.15.0/python-3.15.0rc1-iOS-XCframework.tar.gz", sha256 = "178bf7bef9cd0f18b27cacb98b14332a5ba44c9427543ffb71f8809bc1f11c3c" },
 ]

cibuildwheel/resources/cibuildwheel.schema.json

@@ -18,9 +18,64 @@
         "pyodide-prerelease",
         "pypy",
         "pypy-eol"
-      ]
+      ],
+      "description": "A Python version or flavor to enable."
     },
-    "description": "A Python version or flavor to enable."
+    "build-frontend-no-pyodide": {
+      "default": "default",
+      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"build\" (default), \"build[uv]\", \"uv\", or \"pip\"",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "enum": [
+            "pip",
+            "build",
+            "build[uv]",
+            "uv",
+            "default"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^pip; ?args:"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^build; ?args:"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^build\\[uv\\]; ?args:"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^uv; ?args:"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": [
+            "name"
+          ],
+          "properties": {
+            "name": {
+              "enum": [
+                "pip",
+                "build",
+                "build[uv]",
+                "uv"
+              ]
+            },
+            "args": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND"
+    }
   },
   "additionalProperties": false,
   "description": "cibuildwheel's settings.",
@@ -136,7 +191,7 @@
     },
     "build-frontend": {
       "default": "default",
-      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"build\" (default), \"build[uv]\", \"uv\", or \"pip\"",
+      "description": "Set the tool to use to build, either \"build\" (default), \"build[uv]\", \"uv\", or \"pip\" (\"pyodide-build\" for pyodide)",
       "oneOf": [
         {
           "enum": [
@@ -144,6 +199,7 @@
             "build",
             "build[uv]",
             "uv",
+            "pyodide-build",
             "default"
           ]
         },
@@ -163,6 +219,10 @@
           "type": "string",
           "pattern": "^uv; ?args:"
         },
+        {
+          "type": "string",
+          "pattern": "^pyodide-build; ?args:"
+        },
         {
           "type": "object",
           "additionalProperties": false,
@@ -175,7 +235,8 @@
                 "pip",
                 "build",
                 "build[uv]",
-                "uv"
+                "uv",
+                "pyodide-build"
               ]
             },
             "args": {
@@ -460,6 +521,34 @@
       ],
       "title": "CIBW_XBUILD_TOOLS"
     },
+    "xbuild-files": {
+      "description": "Platform-specific files in the build environment",
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "patternProperties": {
+            ".+": {
+              "oneOf": [
+                {
+                  "type": "string"
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "array",
+                  "items": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "CIBW_XBUILD_FILES"
+    },
     "pyodide-version": {
       "type": "string",
       "description": "Specify the version of Pyodide to use",
@@ -679,6 +768,9 @@
               "xbuild-tools": {
                 "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
               },
+              "xbuild-files": {
+                "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
+              },
               "before-test": {
                 "$ref": "#/$defs/inherit"
               },
@@ -807,6 +899,9 @@
           "xbuild-tools": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
           },
+          "xbuild-files": {
+            "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-files"
+          },
           "pyodide-version": {
             "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
           },
@@ -860,7 +955,7 @@
           "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
         },
         "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/build-frontend-no-pyodide"
         },
         "build-verbosity": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
@@ -931,6 +1026,9 @@
         "xbuild-tools": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
         },
+        "xbuild-files": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-files"
+        },
         "pyodide-version": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
         },
@@ -996,7 +1094,7 @@
           "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
         },
         "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/build-frontend-no-pyodide"
         },
         "build-verbosity": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
@@ -1013,11 +1111,27 @@
         "xbuild-tools": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
         },
+        "xbuild-files": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-files"
+        },
         "pyodide-version": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
         },
         "repair-wheel-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
+          "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
+          "oneOf": [
+            {
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND",
+          "default": "delvewheel repair -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}"
         },
         "test-command": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
@@ -1065,7 +1179,7 @@
           "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
         },
         "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/build-frontend-no-pyodide"
         },
         "build-verbosity": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
@@ -1082,6 +1196,9 @@
         "xbuild-tools": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
         },
+        "xbuild-files": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-files"
+        },
         "pyodide-version": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
         },
@@ -1147,7 +1264,41 @@
           "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
         },
         "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
+          "default": "pyodide-build",
+          "description": "On the pyodide platform, the build frontend must be \"pyodide-build\"",
+          "oneOf": [
+            {
+              "enum": [
+                "pyodide-build",
+                "default"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "string",
+              "pattern": "^pyodide-build; ?args:"
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "object",
+              "additionalProperties": false,
+              "required": [
+                "name"
+              ],
+              "properties": {
+                "name": {
+                  "enum": [
+                    "pyodide-build"
+                  ]
+                },
+                "args": {
+                  "type": "array",
+                  "items": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND"
         },
         "build-verbosity": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
@@ -1164,6 +1315,9 @@
         "xbuild-tools": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
         },
+        "xbuild-files": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-files"
+        },
         "pyodide-version": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
         },
@@ -1216,7 +1370,7 @@
           "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
         },
         "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/build-frontend-no-pyodide"
         },
         "build-verbosity": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
@@ -1233,11 +1387,27 @@
         "xbuild-tools": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
         },
+        "xbuild-files": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-files"
+        },
         "pyodide-version": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
         },
         "repair-wheel-command": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/repair-wheel-command"
+          "description": "Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel.",
+          "oneOf": [
+            {
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "title": "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND",
+          "default": "auditwheel repair --ldpaths {ldpaths} -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
         },
         "test-command": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/test-command"
@@ -1285,7 +1455,7 @@
           "$ref": "#/properties/before-test"
         },
         "build-frontend": {
-          "$ref": "#/properties/build-frontend"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/build-frontend-no-pyodide"
         },
         "build-verbosity": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/build-verbosity"
@@ -1302,6 +1472,9 @@
         "xbuild-tools": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-tools"
         },
+        "xbuild-files": {
+          "$ref": "#/properties/xbuild-files"
+        },
         "pyodide-version": {
           "$ref": "#/properties/pyodide-version"
         },

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide312.txt

@@ -1,29 +1,36 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-annotated-types==0.7.0
-    # via pydantic
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.4
+attrs==26.1.0
+    # via
+    #   cattrs
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-lock
+auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.5
     # via pyodide-build
 build==1.5.0
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2026.5.20
+cattrs==26.1.0
+    # via
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-lock
+certifi==2026.7.22
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
-distlib==0.4.0
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.0
+filelock==3.32.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-idna==3.16
+idna==3.18
     # via requests
 leb128==1.0.9
     # via auditwheel-emscripten
@@ -31,38 +38,31 @@ markdown-it-py==4.2.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==26.2
+packaging==26.3
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
     #   wheel
-pip==26.1.1
+pip==26.2.1
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.9.6
+platformdirs==4.11.0
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
-    #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.13.4
-    # via
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.46.4
-    # via pydantic
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.34.4
+pyodide-build==0.39.0
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
 pyodide-cli==0.5.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.3
+pyodide-lock==0.2.0
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.3.1
+python-discovery==1.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via pyodide-build
@@ -72,16 +72,11 @@ rich==15.0.0
     #   pyodide-cli
 ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
     # via pyodide-build
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
-    # via
-    #   pydantic
-    #   pydantic-core
-    #   typing-inspection
-typing-inspection==0.4.2
-    # via pydantic
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
+    # via cattrs
 urllib3==2.7.0
     # via requests
-virtualenv==21.3.3
+virtualenv==21.7.1
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide313.txt

@@ -1,29 +1,36 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-annotated-types==0.7.0
-    # via pydantic
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.4
+attrs==26.1.0
+    # via
+    #   cattrs
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-lock
+auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.5
     # via pyodide-build
 build==1.5.0
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2026.5.20
+cattrs==26.1.0
+    # via
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-lock
+certifi==2026.7.22
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
-distlib==0.4.0
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.0
+filelock==3.32.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-idna==3.16
+idna==3.18
     # via requests
 leb128==1.0.9
     # via auditwheel-emscripten
@@ -31,38 +38,31 @@ markdown-it-py==4.2.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==26.2
+packaging==26.3
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
     #   wheel
-pip==26.1.1
+pip==26.2.1
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.9.6
+platformdirs==4.11.0
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
-    #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.13.4
-    # via
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.46.4
-    # via pydantic
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.34.4
+pyodide-build==0.39.0
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
 pyodide-cli==0.5.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.3
+pyodide-lock==0.2.0
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.3.1
+python-discovery==1.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via pyodide-build
@@ -72,16 +72,11 @@ rich==15.0.0
     #   pyodide-cli
 ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
     # via pyodide-build
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
-    # via
-    #   pydantic
-    #   pydantic-core
-    #   typing-inspection
-typing-inspection==0.4.2
-    # via pydantic
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
+    # via cattrs
 urllib3==2.7.0
     # via requests
-virtualenv==21.3.3
+virtualenv==21.7.1
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide314.txt

@@ -1,29 +1,36 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
 #    nox -s update_constraints
-annotated-types==0.7.0
-    # via pydantic
-auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.4
+attrs==26.1.0
+    # via
+    #   cattrs
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-lock
+auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.5
     # via pyodide-build
 build==1.5.0
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
-certifi==2026.5.20
+cattrs==26.1.0
+    # via
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-lock
+certifi==2026.7.22
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 click==8.1.8
     # via
     #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
     #   pyodide-build
     #   pyodide-cli
-distlib==0.4.0
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.0
+filelock==3.32.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-idna==3.16
+idna==3.18
     # via requests
 leb128==1.0.9
     # via auditwheel-emscripten
@@ -31,38 +38,31 @@ markdown-it-py==4.2.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==26.2
+packaging==26.3
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build
     #   wheel
-pip==26.1.1
+pip==26.2.1
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
-platformdirs==4.9.6
+platformdirs==4.11.0
     # via
     #   pyodide-build
-    #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-pydantic==2.13.4
-    # via
-    #   pyodide-build
-    #   pyodide-lock
-pydantic-core==2.46.4
-    # via pydantic
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
-pyodide-build==0.34.4
+pyodide-build==0.39.0
     # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
 pyodide-cli==0.5.0
     # via
     #   auditwheel-emscripten
     #   pyodide-build
-pyodide-lock==0.1.3
+pyodide-lock==0.2.0
     # via pyodide-build
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.3.1
+python-discovery==1.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via pyodide-build
@@ -72,16 +72,11 @@ rich==15.0.0
     #   pyodide-cli
 ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
     # via pyodide-build
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
-    # via
-    #   pydantic
-    #   pydantic-core
-    #   typing-inspection
-typing-inspection==0.4.2
-    # via pydantic
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
+    # via cattrs
 urllib3==2.7.0
     # via requests
-virtualenv==21.3.3
+virtualenv==21.7.1
     # via
     #   build
     #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodide315.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
+#    nox -s update_constraints
+attrs==26.1.0
+    # via
+    #   cattrs
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-lock
+auditwheel-emscripten==0.2.5
+    # via pyodide-build
+build==1.5.0
+    # via
+    #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
+    #   pyodide-build
+cattrs==26.1.0
+    # via
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-lock
+certifi==2026.7.22
+    # via requests
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
+    # via requests
+click==8.1.8
+    # via
+    #   -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-cli
+distlib==0.4.3
+    # via virtualenv
+filelock==3.32.2
+    # via
+    #   python-discovery
+    #   virtualenv
+idna==3.18
+    # via requests
+leb128==1.0.9
+    # via auditwheel-emscripten
+markdown-it-py==4.2.0
+    # via rich
+mdurl==0.1.2
+    # via markdown-it-py
+packaging==26.3
+    # via
+    #   auditwheel-emscripten
+    #   build
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   wheel
+pip==26.2.1
+    # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
+platformdirs==4.11.0
+    # via
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   virtualenv
+pygments==2.20.0
+    # via rich
+pyodide-build==0.39.0
+    # via -r .nox/update_constraints/tmp/constraints-pyodide.in
+pyodide-cli==0.5.0
+    # via
+    #   auditwheel-emscripten
+    #   pyodide-build
+pyodide-lock==0.2.0
+    # via pyodide-build
+pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
+    # via build
+python-discovery==1.5.1
+    # via virtualenv
+requests==2.34.2
+    # via pyodide-build
+rich==15.0.0
+    # via
+    #   pyodide-build
+    #   pyodide-cli
+ruamel-yaml==0.19.1
+    # via pyodide-build
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
+    # via cattrs
+urllib3==2.7.0
+    # via requests
+virtualenv==21.7.1
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   pyodide-build
+wheel==0.47.0
+    # via
+    #   auditwheel-emscripten
+    #   pyodide-build

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python310.txt

@@ -10,27 +10,29 @@ attrs==26.1.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   requests-cache
+auditwheel==6.7.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.7.22
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delvewheel==1.12.1
+delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.0
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
 exceptiongroup==1.3.1
     # via cattrs
-filelock==3.29.0
+filelock==3.32.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-idna==3.16
+idna==3.18
     # via
     #   requests
     #   url-normalize
@@ -44,41 +46,47 @@ markdown-it-py==4.2.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==26.2
+packaging==26.3
     # via
     #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
     #   build
     #   delocate
+patchelf==0.17.2.4
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 pefile==2024.8.26
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   delvewheel
-pip==26.1.1
+pip==26.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.9.6
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+platformdirs==4.11.0
     # via
-    #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
     #   virtualenv
-pyelftools==0.32
-    # via abi3audit
+pyelftools==0.33
+    # via
+    #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.3.1
+python-discovery==1.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
 tomli==2.4.1
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -90,7 +98,7 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.3.3
+virtualenv==21.7.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==4.1.0
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python311.txt

@@ -10,25 +10,27 @@ attrs==26.1.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   requests-cache
+auditwheel==6.7.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.7.22
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delvewheel==1.12.1
+delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.0
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.0
+filelock==3.32.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-idna==3.16
+idna==3.18
     # via
     #   requests
     #   url-normalize
@@ -40,40 +42,45 @@ markdown-it-py==4.2.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==26.2
+packaging==26.3
     # via
     #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
     #   build
     #   delocate
+patchelf==0.17.2.4
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 pefile==2024.8.26
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   delvewheel
-pip==26.1.1; implementation_name != "graalpy" or platform_system != "Windows"
-pip==26.0.1; implementation_name == "graalpy" and platform_system == "Windows"
+pip==26.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.9.6
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+platformdirs==4.11.0
     # via
-    #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
     #   virtualenv
-pyelftools==0.32
-    # via abi3audit
+pyelftools==0.33
+    # via
+    #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.3.1
+python-discovery==1.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -83,5 +90,5 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.3.3
+virtualenv==21.7.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python312.txt

@@ -10,25 +10,28 @@ attrs==26.1.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   requests-cache
+auditwheel==6.7.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.7.22
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delvewheel==1.12.1
+delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.0
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.0
+filelock==3.32.2; implementation_name != "graalpy"
+filelock==3.29.7; implementation_name == "graalpy"
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-idna==3.16
+idna==3.18
     # via
     #   requests
     #   url-normalize
@@ -40,40 +43,47 @@ markdown-it-py==4.2.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==26.2
+packaging==26.3
     # via
     #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
     #   build
     #   delocate
+patchelf==0.17.2.4
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 pefile==2024.8.26
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   delvewheel
-pip==26.1.1; implementation_name != "graalpy" or platform_system != "Windows"
+pip==26.2.1; implementation_name != "graalpy"
+pip==26.1.2; implementation_name == "graalpy" and platform_system != "Windows"
 pip==26.0.1; implementation_name == "graalpy" and platform_system == "Windows"
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.9.6
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+platformdirs==4.11.0
     # via
-    #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
     #   virtualenv
-pyelftools==0.32
-    # via abi3audit
+pyelftools==0.33
+    # via
+    #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.3.1
+python-discovery==1.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -83,5 +93,5 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.3.3
+virtualenv==21.7.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python313.txt

@@ -10,25 +10,27 @@ attrs==26.1.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   requests-cache
+auditwheel==6.7.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.7.22
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delvewheel==1.12.1
+delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.0
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.0
+filelock==3.32.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-idna==3.16
+idna==3.18
     # via
     #   requests
     #   url-normalize
@@ -40,39 +42,45 @@ markdown-it-py==4.2.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==26.2
+packaging==26.3
     # via
     #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
     #   build
     #   delocate
+patchelf==0.17.2.4
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 pefile==2024.8.26
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   delvewheel
-pip==26.1.1
+pip==26.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.9.6
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+platformdirs==4.11.0
     # via
-    #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
     #   virtualenv
-pyelftools==0.32
-    # via abi3audit
+pyelftools==0.33
+    # via
+    #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.3.1
+python-discovery==1.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -82,5 +90,5 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.3.3
+virtualenv==21.7.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python314.txt

@@ -10,25 +10,27 @@ attrs==26.1.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   requests-cache
+auditwheel==6.7.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.7.22
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delvewheel==1.12.1
+delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.0
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.0
+filelock==3.32.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-idna==3.16
+idna==3.18
     # via
     #   requests
     #   url-normalize
@@ -40,39 +42,45 @@ markdown-it-py==4.2.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==26.2
+packaging==26.3
     # via
     #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
     #   build
     #   delocate
+patchelf==0.17.2.4
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 pefile==2024.8.26
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   delvewheel
-pip==26.1.1
+pip==26.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.9.6
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+platformdirs==4.11.0
     # via
-    #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
     #   virtualenv
-pyelftools==0.32
-    # via abi3audit
+pyelftools==0.33
+    # via
+    #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.3.1
+python-discovery==1.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -82,5 +90,5 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.3.3
+virtualenv==21.7.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python315.txt

@@ -10,25 +10,27 @@ attrs==26.1.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   requests-cache
+auditwheel==6.7.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.7.22
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delvewheel==1.12.1
+delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.0
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.0
+filelock==3.32.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-idna==3.16
+idna==3.18
     # via
     #   requests
     #   url-normalize
@@ -40,39 +42,45 @@ markdown-it-py==4.2.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==26.2
+packaging==26.3
     # via
     #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
     #   build
     #   delocate
+patchelf==0.17.2.4
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 pefile==2024.8.26
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   delvewheel
-pip==26.1.1
+pip==26.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.9.6
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+platformdirs==4.11.0
     # via
-    #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
     #   virtualenv
-pyelftools==0.32
-    # via abi3audit
+pyelftools==0.33
+    # via
+    #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.3.1
+python-discovery==1.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -82,5 +90,5 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.3.3
+virtualenv==21.7.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python39.txt

@@ -10,19 +10,21 @@ attrs==26.1.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   requests-cache
+auditwheel==6.4.2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 build==1.4.4
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==25.3.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.7.22
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delvewheel==1.12.1
+delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.0
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
 exceptiongroup==1.3.1
     # via cattrs
@@ -30,12 +32,14 @@ filelock==3.19.1
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-idna==3.16
+idna==3.18
     # via
     #   requests
     #   url-normalize
 importlib-metadata==8.7.1
-    # via build
+    # via
+    #   build
+    #   pkgconf
 kaitaistruct==0.11
     # via abi3audit
 macholib==1.16.4
@@ -47,26 +51,32 @@ mdurl==0.1.2
 packaging==25.0
     # via
     #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
     #   build
     #   delocate
+patchelf==0.17.2.4
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 pefile==2024.8.26
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   delvewheel
 pip==26.0.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+pkgconf==2.4.3.post2
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 platformdirs==4.4.0
     # via
-    #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
     #   virtualenv
 pyelftools==0.32
-    # via abi3audit
+    # via
+    #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.3.1
+python-discovery==1.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.32.5
     # via
@@ -78,7 +88,7 @@ rich==14.2.0
     # via abi3audit
 tomli==2.4.1
     # via build
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -90,7 +100,7 @@ urllib3==2.6.3
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.3.3
+virtualenv==21.7.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 zipp==3.23.1
     # via importlib-metadata

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

@@ -4,3 +4,8 @@ delocate
 delvewheel
 virtualenv
 abi3audit
+
+# Android
+auditwheel
+patchelf
+pkgconf

cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.txt

@@ -10,25 +10,27 @@ attrs==26.1.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   requests-cache
+auditwheel==6.7.0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 build==1.5.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 cattrs==26.1.0
     # via requests-cache
-certifi==2026.5.20
+certifi==2026.7.22
     # via requests
-charset-normalizer==3.4.7
+charset-normalizer==3.4.9
     # via requests
 delocate==0.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-delvewheel==1.12.1
+delvewheel==1.13.0
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.4.0
+distlib==0.4.3
     # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.29.0
+filelock==3.32.2
     # via
     #   python-discovery
     #   virtualenv
-idna==3.16
+idna==3.18
     # via
     #   requests
     #   url-normalize
@@ -40,39 +42,45 @@ markdown-it-py==4.2.0
     # via rich
 mdurl==0.1.2
     # via markdown-it-py
-packaging==26.2
+packaging==26.3
     # via
     #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
     #   build
     #   delocate
+patchelf==0.17.2.4
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 pefile==2024.8.26
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   delvewheel
-pip==26.1.1
+pip==26.2.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-platformdirs==4.9.6
+pkgconf==3.0.1.post0
+    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
+platformdirs==4.11.0
     # via
-    #   python-discovery
     #   requests-cache
     #   virtualenv
-pyelftools==0.32
-    # via abi3audit
+pyelftools==0.33
+    # via
+    #   abi3audit
+    #   auditwheel
 pygments==2.20.0
     # via rich
 pyproject-hooks==1.2.0
     # via build
-python-discovery==1.3.1
+python-discovery==1.5.1
     # via virtualenv
 requests==2.34.2
     # via
     #   abi3audit
     #   requests-cache
-requests-cache==1.3.2
+requests-cache==1.3.3
     # via abi3audit
 rich==15.0.0
     # via abi3audit
-typing-extensions==4.15.0
+typing-extensions==4.16.0
     # via
     #   cattrs
     #   delocate
@@ -82,5 +90,5 @@ urllib3==2.7.0
     # via
     #   requests
     #   requests-cache
-virtualenv==21.3.3
+virtualenv==21.7.1
     # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in

cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# These are the defaults used by cibuildwheel itself. They should match the values in
+# generate_schema.py, which are used by external tools for validation and IDE support.
+
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
 build = "*"
 skip = ""
@@ -52,6 +55,13 @@ musllinux-s390x-image = "musllinux_1_2"
 musllinux-armv7l-image = "musllinux_1_2"
 musllinux-riscv64-image = "musllinux_1_2"
 
+[tool.cibuildwheel.xbuild-files]
+numpy = [
+    "numpy/_core/include/numpy/_numpyconfig.h",
+    "numpy/_core/include/numpy/numpyconfig.h",
+    "numpy/_core/lib/libnpymath.a",
+    "numpy/random/lib/libnpyrandom.a",
+]
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
 repair-wheel-command = "auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
@@ -63,8 +73,10 @@ repair-wheel-command = "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest
 repair-wheel-command = "delvewheel repair -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}"
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel.android]
+repair-wheel-command = "auditwheel repair --ldpaths {ldpaths} -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel.ios]
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel.pyodide]
 audit-command = ""
+build-frontend = "pyodide-build"

cibuildwheel/resources/nodejs.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 url = "https://nodejs.org/dist/"
-v24 = "v24.16.0"
-v22 = "v22.22.3"
+v24 = "v24.19.0"
+v22 = "v22.23.2"
 v20 = "v20.20.2"

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,54 +1,54 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.05.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2026.05.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64@sha256:c163a278006f45883c117b4166b93cdc7b574b62e58292ed9e52879579841d77  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64@sha256:012f4a50472412f18bb2b450c1cce7158434cfae4ae878591c2748a13a30c2be  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64@sha256:db817cd4c670f1191d74db6a94a0b115954af78861db7da660de4e93ebf2984c  # 2026.08.04-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64@sha256:f130bd3e3aebb39abcdec28a89f987f0d31b52d74bac5852318303698e9a5033  # 2026.08.04-1
 
 [i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.05.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2026.05.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686@sha256:abfc526a4f9d9692ed6d53b60ffd6be764aa7a4dc1d61522a1ce5ea64138aa53  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686@sha256:605a71b7fa720562ad76147860e33d97b2a884ca9d5a454b2f7f353caec40ded  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686@sha256:82e74fcb11aa1d425260804292b8a25533f37eda280570b2441a465dc159351a  # 2026.08.04-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686@sha256:2ccf31ab3685cf8952f2d9251f79a29c7ffcb663bbc58c10b2317a15a86ac96d  # 2026.08.04-1
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.05.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2026.05.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64@sha256:5d366450eeff9abe09cc93db50fd2c9832bafaf473daa7a911d8b184424bbefd  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64@sha256:52e4da6e9348db7cd0b529a827623b62b7c1fe867ba515ae752fa13d41f7f46e  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64@sha256:86585a1adfa6cdb4e3aea2f5bf11d6fffa37acf17aa902605d7237c55d3c88ce  # 2026.08.04-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64@sha256:1fa8dcacab5e13769abb36028f98bd2c0a1af4dbde492505f774d7f0ce01e87f  # 2026.08.04-1
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2026.05.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2026.05.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le@sha256:405ac40dffd7a76b4864a185d0440c6449c855eaffd1a20b56af9e4cc15318a6  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le@sha256:ad99a0b35b8820b0ccd1d117e23097da224df11c98f19e2783735d5b7e717526  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le@sha256:bc61f200bea02d2a507bb292d6210297bd12abc71fa1e8e1f05b1755495b8518  # 2026.08.04-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le@sha256:0acbe90fc63807d3ce52249d1d21e5625fe105aee7f3de60583b8485d82401c8  # 2026.08.04-1
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2026.05.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2026.05.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x@sha256:3797dba7137e416c67ca1f45222dd382a2bfdaee8c751e95a79503adf38071e7  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x@sha256:43b1c58ab1a37f3bf45d65026c968be18f2a4dddd4f923291d1122b3e42380da  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x@sha256:b9bba263ab1309ddd2b41560f8ea15138fdb31fa31daf5858878d00b19d57d77  # 2026.08.04-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x@sha256:aec126e37ce315e724217342bb62533cbfeae88b4ed5aa2a8bfd5ee4a4a1ca77  # 2026.08.04-1
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2026.05.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64@sha256:c163a278006f45883c117b4166b93cdc7b574b62e58292ed9e52879579841d77  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64@sha256:012f4a50472412f18bb2b450c1cce7158434cfae4ae878591c2748a13a30c2be  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64@sha256:db817cd4c670f1191d74db6a94a0b115954af78861db7da660de4e93ebf2984c  # 2026.08.04-1
 
 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2026.05.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686@sha256:abfc526a4f9d9692ed6d53b60ffd6be764aa7a4dc1d61522a1ce5ea64138aa53  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686@sha256:605a71b7fa720562ad76147860e33d97b2a884ca9d5a454b2f7f353caec40ded  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686@sha256:82e74fcb11aa1d425260804292b8a25533f37eda280570b2441a465dc159351a  # 2026.08.04-1
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2026.05.27-1
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64@sha256:5d366450eeff9abe09cc93db50fd2c9832bafaf473daa7a911d8b184424bbefd  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64@sha256:52e4da6e9348db7cd0b529a827623b62b7c1fe867ba515ae752fa13d41f7f46e  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64@sha256:86585a1adfa6cdb4e3aea2f5bf11d6fffa37acf17aa902605d7237c55d3c88ce  # 2026.08.04-1
 
 [armv7l]
-manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2026.05.27-1
-manylinux_2_35 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_35_armv7l:2026.05.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2026.05.27-1
+manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l@sha256:bbd7f67c0fc2a9541ed462a41bd9abbfa696801483533ba44ec5fe3120e8cda6  # 2026.08.04-1
+manylinux_2_35 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_35_armv7l@sha256:1335af18598960ecc4b57ccf239cacbca847af9f197e65e495ba376d0178385a  # 2026.08.04-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l@sha256:fd4998e62ec4476d76d7b180b523e21ac7557d7f41f1b1e7d02ced21a3eee8b5  # 2026.08.04-1
 
 [riscv64]
-manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2026.05.27-1
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2026.05.27-1
+manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64@sha256:41197d59628c256b0fde14a5dd5bb306e17665c515a8385e43cc72c1da1d7866  # 2026.08.04-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64@sha256:aaf12357d794dc375e797dce7fd71e92013bc46f269bc4cffe4da1f188080afb  # 2026.08.04-1
 

cibuildwheel/resources/virtualenv.toml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-default = { version = "21.3.3", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/download/21.3.3/virtualenv.pyz", sha256 = "d3a7f4ee4c820c4247fe14ec1a478e19ef8f63f716c0f15bc10fab4d70ad9b69" }
+default = { version = "21.7.1", url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/releases/download/21.7.1/virtualenv.pyz", sha256 = "d63ac10e610738c3dcfa51ee0799e6b69ce2964d76cab734542684baf0ed3a5f" }

cibuildwheel/schema.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"cibuildwheel.util", "json"}
+
 import json
 
 from cibuildwheel.util import resources

cibuildwheel/selector.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"bracex", "fnmatch", "itertools", "packaging", "packaging.version"}
+
 import dataclasses
 import itertools
 from enum import StrEnum
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ class BuildSelector:
                 return False
 
         # filter out groups that are not enabled
-        if EnableGroup.CPythonPrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp315*"):
+        if EnableGroup.CPythonPrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp316*"):
             return False
         is_pypy_eol = fnmatch(build_id, "pp3?-*") or fnmatch(build_id, "pp310-*")
         is_pypy = fnmatch(build_id, "pp*") and not is_pypy_eol
@@ -102,19 +104,6 @@ class BuildSelector:
             return False
         if EnableGroup.PyodideEoL not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp312-pyodide_*"):
             return False
-        # NOTE: Disable this when we don't have any Pyodide prereleases (e.g., 314.0.0a1+)
-        # When doing this, also:
-        #   1. update Pyodide tests in unit_test/build_selector_test.py and unit_test/options_test.py accordingly.
-        #   2. update Python versions for Pyodide identifiers in cibuildwheel/selector.py.
-        #   3. update constraints as necessary via bin/generate_pyodide_constraints.py and add/delete
-        #      Pyodide constraints files in cibuildwheel/resources/constraints/ as necessary.
-        # When disabling, update the pattern to match the experimental Python version in case
-        # it is bumped to Python 3.15 (likely cp315-pyodide_* but could remain as 3.14 as well).
-        # This depends on the CPython version being used in the Pyodide runtime at the time.
-        if EnableGroup.PyodidePrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(
-            build_id, "cp314-pyodide_*"
-        ):
-            return False
 
         should_build = selector_matches(self.build_config, build_id)
         should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)

cibuildwheel/util/cmd.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"cibuildwheel.errors", "shlex", "shutil", "subprocess"}
+
 import os
 import shlex
 import shutil

cibuildwheel/util/file.py

@@ -1,12 +1,29 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "certifi",
+    "cibuildwheel.errors",
+    "hashlib",
+    "shutil",
+    "ssl",
+    "tarfile",
+    "typing",
+    "urllib",
+    "urllib.error",
+    "urllib.request",
+    "zipfile",
+}
+
+
 import hashlib
 import os
 import shutil
 import ssl
 import tarfile
 import time
+import urllib.error
 import urllib.request
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 from typing import Final
 from zipfile import ZipFile
@@ -18,7 +35,7 @@ from cibuildwheel.errors import FatalError
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
 
 DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
 CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
@@ -26,6 +43,22 @@ CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
 ).resolve()
 
 
+@contextmanager
+def remove_on_error(path: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    try:
+        yield
+    except BaseException as original_exception:
+        try:
+            if path.is_dir() and not path.is_symlink():
+                shutil.rmtree(path)
+            elif path.exists() or path.is_symlink():
+                path.unlink()
+        except BaseException as cleanup_exception:
+            msg = f"Failed to remove {path}. Please remove it manually."
+            raise BaseExceptionGroup(msg, [original_exception, cleanup_exception]) from None
+        raise
+
+
 def ensure_cache_sentinel(cache_path: Path) -> None:
     """Create a sentinel file to mark a cibuildwheel cache directory.
 
@@ -55,20 +88,28 @@ def download(url: str, dest: Path, *, sha256: str | None = None) -> None:
     # so we use certifi (this sounds odd but requests also does this by default)
     cafile = os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_FILE", certifi.where())
     context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=cafile)
-    repeat_num = 3
+    # exponential backoff, so that a network outage of about a minute is survivable
+    repeat_num = 6
     for i in range(repeat_num):
         try:
             with urllib.request.urlopen(url, context=context) as response:
                 dest.write_bytes(response.read())
                 break
 
+        except urllib.error.HTTPError as error:
+            # a client error, such as a bad URL, will not fix itself
+            if i == repeat_num - 1 or 400 <= error.code < 500:
+                raise
+            time.sleep(3 * 2**i)
+
         except OSError:
             if i == repeat_num - 1:
                 raise
-            time.sleep(3)
+            time.sleep(3 * 2**i)
 
     if sha256:
-        computed = hashlib.sha256(dest.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+        with dest.open("rb") as f:
+            computed = hashlib.file_digest(f, "sha256").hexdigest()
         if computed != sha256:
             dest.unlink(missing_ok=True)
             msg = f"SHA256 mismatch for {url}: expected {sha256!r}, got {computed!r}"
@@ -99,6 +140,8 @@ def extract_tar(tar_src: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
     See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tarfile.html#tarfile.tar_filter for filter details
     """
     with tarfile.open(tar_src) as tar_:
+        # getattr shim needed while Python 3.11.0-3.11.3 are supported;
+        # once the minimum is 3.11.4+/3.12, replace with: tar_.extractall(dest, filter="tar")
         tar_.extraction_filter = getattr(tarfile, "tar_filter", (lambda member, _: member))
         tar_.extractall(dest)
 

cibuildwheel/util/helpers.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"collections", "itertools", "re", "shlex", "textwrap"}
+
 import dataclasses
 import itertools
 import re
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ def parse_key_value_string(
     if kw_arg_names is None:
         kw_arg_names = []
 
-    all_field_names = [*positional_arg_names, *kw_arg_names]
+    all_field_names = None if ("*" in kw_arg_names) else [*positional_arg_names, *kw_arg_names]
 
     shlexer = shlex.shlex(key_value_string, posix=True, punctuation_chars=";")
     shlexer.commenters = ""
@@ -126,7 +128,7 @@ def parse_key_value_string(
         # check to see if the option name is specified
         field_name, sep, first_value = field[0].partition(":")
         if sep:
-            if field_name not in all_field_names:
+            if (all_field_names is not None) and (field_name not in all_field_names):
                 msg = f"Failed to parse {key_value_string!r}. Unknown field name {field_name!r}"
                 raise ValueError(msg)
 

cibuildwheel/util/packaging.py

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
+    "packaging",
+    "packaging.utils",
+    "shlex",
+}
+
 import shlex
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath

cibuildwheel/util/python_build_standalone.py

@@ -1,15 +1,27 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.resources",
+    "filelock",
+    "fnmatch",
+    "hashlib",
+    "json",
+    "platform",
+    "subprocess",
+}
+
 import fnmatch
 import functools
 import hashlib
 import json
 import platform
+import subprocess
 import typing
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 
-from cibuildwheel.util.file import download, extract_tar
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import download, extract_tar, remove_on_error
 from cibuildwheel.util.resources import PYTHON_BUILD_STANDALONE_RELEASES
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
@@ -42,6 +54,26 @@ class PythonBuildStandaloneError(Exception):
     """Errors related to python-build-standalone."""
 
 
+def _is_musl_libc() -> bool:
+    """
+    Detect whether the host uses musl libc (e.g. Alpine Linux).
+
+    ``platform.libc_ver()`` only ever reports glibc, so we shell out to ``ldd``,
+    which prints "musl libc" on musl-based systems (and "GNU libc"/"GLIBC" on
+    glibc systems). If ``ldd`` is unavailable, we fall back to assuming glibc.
+    """
+    try:
+        ldd = subprocess.run(
+            ["ldd", "--version"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=False,
+        )
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+    return "musl" in (ldd.stdout + ldd.stderr).lower()
+
+
 def _get_platform_identifiers() -> tuple[str, str, str | None]:
     """
     Detects the current platform and returns architecture, platform, and libc
@@ -67,7 +99,7 @@ def _get_platform_identifiers() -> tuple[str, str, str | None]:
     # Map OS + Libc
     if system == "Linux":
         platform_identifier = "unknown-linux"
-        libc_identifier = "musl" if "musl" in (platform.libc_ver() or ("", "")) else "gnu"
+        libc_identifier = "musl" if _is_musl_libc() else "gnu"
     elif system == "Darwin":
         platform_identifier = "apple-darwin"
     elif system == "Windows":
@@ -122,7 +154,8 @@ def _download_or_get_from_cache(
         asset_cache_path = cache_dir / asset_filename
         if asset_cache_path.is_file():
             if sha256:
-                computed = hashlib.sha256(asset_cache_path.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+                with asset_cache_path.open("rb") as f:
+                    computed = hashlib.file_digest(f, "sha256").hexdigest()
                 if computed != sha256:
                     print(
                         f"Cached python_build_standalone SHA256 mismatch for {asset_cache_path}; redownloading."
@@ -136,7 +169,8 @@ def _download_or_get_from_cache(
                 return asset_cache_path
 
         print(f"Downloading python_build_standalone: {asset_url} to {asset_cache_path}")
-        download(asset_url, asset_cache_path, sha256=sha256 or None)
+        with remove_on_error(asset_cache_path):
+            download(asset_url, asset_cache_path, sha256=sha256 or None)
         return asset_cache_path
 
 
@@ -196,9 +230,7 @@ def create_python_build_standalone_environment(
     )
 
     python_base_dir = temp_dir / "pbs"
-    if python_base_dir.exists():
-        msg = f"python-build-standalone directory already exists: {python_base_dir}"
-        raise PythonBuildStandaloneError(msg)
+    assert not python_base_dir.exists()
     extract_tar(archive_path, python_base_dir)
 
     return _find_python_executable(python_base_dir)

cibuildwheel/util/resources.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {"tomllib"}
+
 import functools
+import os
 import tomllib
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -16,7 +19,9 @@ FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_314: Final[Path] = PATH / "free-threaded-enable-314.xml"
 FREE_THREAD_ENABLE_315: Final[Path] = PATH / "free-threaded-enable-315.xml"
 NODEJS: Final[Path] = PATH / "nodejs.toml"
 DEFAULTS: Final[Path] = PATH / "defaults.toml"
-PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES: Final[Path] = PATH / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
+PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES: Final[Path] = Path(
+    os.environ.get("CIBW_INTERNAL_PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES", str(PATH / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"))
+)
 BUILD_PLATFORMS: Final[Path] = PATH / "build-platforms.toml"
 CONSTRAINTS: Final[Path] = PATH / "constraints.txt"
 VIRTUALENV: Final[Path] = PATH / "virtualenv.toml"
@@ -31,7 +36,14 @@ IOS_SUPPORT_FILES: Final[Path] = PATH / "ios-support"
 def read_all_configs() -> dict[str, list[dict[str, str]]]:
     with BUILD_PLATFORMS.open("rb") as f:
         loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
-    return {k: list[dict[str, str]](v["python_configurations"]) for k, v in loaded_file.items()}
+    configs = {k: list[dict[str, str]](v["python_configurations"]) for k, v in loaded_file.items()}
+    for platform, python_configs in configs.items():
+        for config in python_configs:
+            if "url" in config and not config.get("sha256"):
+                identifier = config["identifier"]
+                msg = f"{platform} Python configuration {identifier!r} is missing a sha256"
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+    return configs
 
 
 def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> list[dict[str, str]]:

cibuildwheel/venv.py

@@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+__lazy_modules__ = {
+    "cibuildwheel.util",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
+    "contextlib",
+    "filelock",
+    "packaging",
+    "packaging.markers",
+    "packaging.requirements",
+    "packaging.version",
+    "pathlib",
+    "shutil",
+    "tomllib",
+}
+
 import contextlib
 import functools
 import os
@@ -16,7 +31,7 @@ from packaging.version import Version
 
 from cibuildwheel.util import resources
 from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
-from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH, download, remove_on_error
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -53,11 +68,12 @@ def _ensure_virtualenv(version: str) -> tuple[Path, Version]:
     configuration = loaded_file.get(key, loaded_file["default"])
     version = str(configuration["version"])
     url = str(configuration["url"])
-    sha256 = str(configuration.get("sha256", ""))
+    sha256 = str(configuration["sha256"])
     path = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / f"virtualenv-{version}.pyz"
     with FileLock(str(path) + ".lock"):
         if not path.exists():
-            download(url, path, sha256=sha256 or None)
+            with remove_on_error(path):
+                download(url, path, sha256=sha256)
     return (path, Version(version))
 
 
@@ -84,7 +100,7 @@ def _parse_pip_constraint_for_virtualenv(
     If it can't get an exact version, the real constraint will be handled by the
     {macos|windows}.setup_python function.
     If marker_env is provided, marker-bearing constraints are evaluated against it;
-    otherwise, marker-bearing constraints are skipped.
+    otherwise, they are evaluated against the host's default environment.
     """
     env: dict[str, str] = (
         marker_env if marker_env is not None else cast("dict[str, str]", default_environment())
@@ -136,6 +152,10 @@ def virtualenv(
     venv. Otherwise, pip is installed.
     """
 
+    # the unresolved path, so e.g. the python.org framework bin directory is
+    # used rather than the internal location of the real binary
+    base_python_bin_dir = None if _IS_WIN else python.parent
+
     # virtualenv may fail if this is a symlink.
     python = python.resolve()
 
@@ -173,7 +193,7 @@ def virtualenv(
             python,
             venv_path,
         )
-    venv_env = activate_virtualenv(venv_path, env=env)
+    venv_env = activate_virtualenv(venv_path, env=env, base_python_bin_dir=base_python_bin_dir)
     if not use_uv and pip_version == "embed":
         call(
             "python",
@@ -192,11 +212,19 @@ def virtualenv(
 def activate_virtualenv(
     venv_path: Path,
     env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    base_python_bin_dir: Path | None = None,
 ) -> dict[str, str]:
     """
     Return a copy of the environment with the virtualenv at `venv_path` activated.
+
+    If given, `base_python_bin_dir` is placed on PATH right after the venv, so
+    that scripts installed alongside the base interpreter that aren't copied
+    into the venv (such as python3-config, see #2021) resolve to the matching
+    interpreter.
     """
     paths = [str(venv_path), str(venv_path / "Scripts")] if _IS_WIN else [str(venv_path / "bin")]
+    if base_python_bin_dir is not None:
+        paths.append(str(base_python_bin_dir))
     venv_env = os.environ.copy() if env is None else env.copy()
     venv_env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([*paths, venv_env["PATH"]])
     venv_env["VIRTUAL_ENV"] = str(venv_path)

docs/_internal/pyodide-maintenance.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Maintaining Pyodide support
 
-Last updated: May 2026
+Last updated: August 2026
 
 This page describes how to update cibuildwheel's Pyodide platform code when either:
 
@@ -11,17 +11,26 @@ This page describes how to update cibuildwheel's Pyodide platform code when eith
 
 Pyodide has three types of releases that matter to cibuildwheel:
 
-- **Stable** – the most recent full Pyodide release (e.g., `0.29.x` / cp313). This is enabled by default with no special `CIBW_ENABLE` flag needed.
-- **Prerelease** – an alpha/beta/rc Pyodide release that uses the _next_ CPython version (e.g., `314.0.0a1` / cp314). Users must opt in with `CIBW_ENABLE: pyodide-prerelease` to build against this version. This may or may not be available at any given time, depending on the Pyodide release cycle.
-- **End-of-life (EoL)** – older Pyodide stable releases that are no longer the current stable. These are kept available behind `CIBW_ENABLE: pyodide-eol` so that users who still need to build for older Pyodide versions can do so.
+- **Stable** – the most recent full Pyodide release.
+  This is enabled by default with no special `CIBW_ENABLE` flag needed.
+- **Prerelease** – an alpha/beta/rc Pyodide release that uses the _next_ CPython
+  version. Users must opt in with `CIBW_ENABLE:
+  cpython-prerelease` to build against this version. This may or may not be
+  available at any given time, depending on the Pyodide release cycle.
+- **End-of-life (EoL)** – older Pyodide stable releases that are no longer the
+  current stable. These are kept available behind `CIBW_ENABLE: pyodide-eol` so
+  that users who still need to build for older Pyodide versions can do so.
 
-The guards in `cibuildwheel/selector.py` enforce this distinction. The constraints files under `cibuildwheel/resources/` pin the exact tool versions that go with each build.
+The guards in `cibuildwheel/selector.py` enforce this distinction. The
+constraints files under `cibuildwheel/resources/` pin the exact tool versions
+that go with each build.
 
 ---
 
 ## When a new Pyodide prerelease becomes available
 
-For example, consider a scenario when Pyodide ships a new `315.0.0a1` with cp315 support.
+For example, consider a scenario when Pyodide ships a new `315.0.0a1` with cp315
+support.
 
 ### 1. Add the new Python configuration
 
@@ -31,61 +40,39 @@ In `cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml`, add an entry under `[pyodide]`
 { identifier = "cp315-pyodide_wasm32", version = "3.15", default_pyodide_version = "315.0.0a1", node_version = "v24", sha256 = "SHA256" },
 ```
 
-`version` is the CPython version string, `default_pyodide_version` is the Pyodide release to use when the user does not pin one explicitly (use the latest available alpha/beta for a prerelease entry), and `node_version` is the minimum Node.js major required by that Pyodide release — check the [pyodide-build FAQ](https://pyodide-build.readthedocs.io/en/latest/faq.html#what-node-js-version-do-i-need) for a rudimentary idea of what the correct value is. `sha256` is the checksum of the Pyodide xbuildenv tarball.
+`version` is the CPython version string, `default_pyodide_version` is the
+Pyodide release to use when the user does not pin one explicitly (use the latest
+available alpha/beta for a prerelease entry), and `node_version` is the minimum
+Node.js major required by that Pyodide release — check the
+[pyodide-build FAQ](https://pyodide-build.readthedocs.io/en/latest/faq.html#what-node-js-version-do-i-need)
+for a rudimentary idea of what the correct value is. `sha256` is the checksum of
+the Pyodide xbuildenv tarball.
 
-### 2. Update the prerelease guards in the selector
+### 2. Generate and pin a constraints file
 
-In `cibuildwheel/selector.py`, update the patterns in the `PyodidePrerelease` guards to match the new identifier:
-
-```python
-if EnableGroup.PyodidePrerelease not in self.enable and fnmatch(
-    build_id, "cp315-pyodide_*"
-):
-    return False
-```
-
-### 3. Generate and pin a constraints file
-
-Run the `update_constraints` `nox` session, which reads `build-platforms.toml` and regenerates all Pyodide constraints files automatically:
+Run the `update_constraints` `nox` session, which reads `build-platforms.toml`
+and regenerates all Pyodide constraints files automatically:
 
 ```bash
 nox -s update_constraints
 ```
 
-### 4. Update tests
+### 3. Update tests
 
-Update the unit tests so the new identifier is accepted by the selector with `PyodidePrerelease` enabled and rejected without it. Pyodide-specific integration tests may also need their hardcoded expected-wheel lists extended.
-
-## When a Pyodide prerelease becomes stable
-
-Pyodide uses a versioning scheme where the stable release for a given CPython version is named `[PythonMajorMinor].0.0`, so the first stable release shipping cp314 will be **`314.0.0`**. See [pyodide/pyodide#6084](https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide/issues/6084) for a rationale of this versioning scheme.
-
-### 1. Update the stable entries, and remove (or replace) the prerelease entry
-
-In `build-platforms.toml`, update the former prerelease entry's `default_pyodide_version` to the new stable release (e.g. `314.0.0`) and remove the prerelease marker from the identifier if present. Remove previous prerelease entries if they are now obsolete, or update them to the next prerelease if one is available. Move the previous stable version behind `pyodide-eol` rather than dropping it outright (see below).
-
-### 2. Disable or update the prerelease guards
-
-In `selector.py`:
-
-- **If a new prerelease is available**: update the `fnmatch` pattern to the next identifier (e.g. `cp315-pyodide_*`) as described above.
-- **If there is no new prerelease**: comment out the `PyodidePrerelease` logic.
-
-### 3. Update the constraints file
-
-Run `nox -s update_constraints` to regenerate the constraints file for the newly stable version. If the entry was already in `build-platforms.toml` as a prerelease, its constraints file already exists, and this step just refreshes it against the stable Pyodide release and updates the dependencies' versions.
-
-### 4. Update tests
-
-Update the unit tests so the newly stable identifier is accepted by the selector without needing `PyodidePrerelease` in the enable set. Pyodide-specific integration tests may also need their hardcoded expected-wheel lists extended.
+Update the unit tests so the new identifier is accepted by the selector with
+`CPythonPrerelease` enabled and rejected without it. Pyodide-specific
+integration tests may also need their hardcoded expected-wheel lists extended.
 
 ## When an old Pyodide version is to be moved to end-of-life
 
-When a Pyodide version is superseded by a new stable release, move it behind the `pyodide-eol` enable flag. We want to allow users who still build for older Pyodide ABIs time to upgrade.
+When a Pyodide version is superseded by a new stable release, move it behind the
+`pyodide-eol` enable flag. We want to allow users who still build for older
+Pyodide ABIs time to upgrade.
 
 ### 1. Add the `pyodide-eol` guard in the selector
 
-In `cibuildwheel/selector.py`, add (or update) the `PyodideEoL` guard to include the old identifier:
+In `cibuildwheel/selector.py`, add (or update) the `PyodideEoL` guard to include
+the old identifier:
 
 ```python
 if EnableGroup.PyodideEoL not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp312-pyodide_*"):
@@ -94,15 +81,23 @@ if EnableGroup.PyodideEoL not in self.enable and fnmatch(build_id, "cp312-pyodid
 
 ### 2. Update tests
 
-Update the unit tests so the EoL identifier requires `PyodideEoL` to be included in the enable set. The default (no `CIBW_ENABLE`) should exclude it.
+Update the unit tests so the EoL identifier requires `PyodideEoL` to be included
+in the enable set. The default (no `CIBW_ENABLE`) should exclude it.
 
 ## When an old Pyodide version is to be fully retired
 
-Retirement is not expected to happen on a routine basis. It is only warranted when the Pyodide ecosystem itself has evolved to the point where an older ABI version is considered obsolete – for example, if the surrounding toolchain, packaging standards, or runtime infrastructure have moved on so substantially that building for the older version no longer makes practical sense. Any retirement is to be discussed and agreed upon by Pyodide maintainers before proceeding.
+Retirement is not expected to happen on a routine basis. It is only warranted
+when the Pyodide ecosystem itself has evolved to the point where an older ABI
+version is considered obsolete – for example, if the surrounding toolchain,
+packaging standards, or runtime infrastructure have moved on so substantially
+that building for the older version no longer makes practical sense. Any
+retirement is to be discussed and agreed upon by Pyodide maintainers before
+proceeding.
 
 ### 1. Remove the Python configuration
 
-Delete the entry from `build-platforms.toml` and remove the `PyodideEoL` guard for that identifier in `selector.py`.
+Delete the entry from `build-platforms.toml` and remove the `PyodideEoL` guard
+for that identifier in `selector.py`.
 
 ### 2. Delete the constraints file
 
@@ -110,4 +105,5 @@ Remove `cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-pyodideXYZ.txt`.
 
 ### 3. Update tests
 
-Remove references to the old identifier from the unit tests, integration tests, and drop any expected-wheel entries for it from the test helper.
+Remove references to the old identifier from the unit tests, integration tests,
+and drop any expected-wheel entries for it from the test helper.

docs/changelog.md

@@ -1,36 +1,111 @@
 ---
 title: Changelog
+ref: changelog
 ---
 
 # Changelog
 
-### v4.0.0rc1
+### v4.2.0
 
-_14 May 2026_
+_4 August 2026_
+
+- 🌟 CPython 3.15 wheels are now built by default - without the `"cpython-prerelease"` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) set. It's time to build and upload these wheels to PyPI! This release includes CPython 3.15.0rc1, which is guaranteed to be ABI compatible with the final release. (#2944)
+- ✨ Adds Pyodide 3.15 support with the `cp315-pyodide_wasm32` build identifier, using Pyodide 315.0.0a2. These are also stable wrt. the final release. (#2958)
+- 🐛 Retries a failed download six times with exponential backoff, so short network outages no longer stop a build. A `4xx` response is still reported at once. (#2953)
+- 🐛 Accepts `default` as a [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) value on Pyodide, and accepts `pyodide-build` in the top-level table and in overrides (#2951)
+- 🛠 Holds pip back on GraalPy, where newer pip breaks the build (#2955)
+- 🛠 Updates Pyodide to 314.0.4 (#2949, #2952)
+- 🛠 Updates dependencies and container pins (#2952, #2960)
+- 💼 Updates CI action pins (#2948, #2954)
+- 🧪 Uses pp311 for the abi3 test, and deletes `test_overridden_pip_constraint`, which is not necessary since #2583 (#2956, #2957)
+
+### v4.1.1
+
+_24 July 2026_
+
+- ✨ Adds `pyodide-build` as a separate [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend), now the default frontend for Pyodide, with verbosity flags handling. Any other frontend is ignored with a warning on Pyodide. (#2609, #2945)
+- 🔐 Uses digests instead of tags for pinned container images, strengthening supply-chain security. The human-readable tags remain as comments in `pinned_docker_images.cfg`. (#2915)
+- 🐛 Fixes platform-specific [`test-runtime`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-runtime) environment variables (e.g. `CIBW_TEST_RUNTIME_ANDROID`) not being honored (#2941)
+- 🐛 Fixes quoting of [`test-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires) and [`audit-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#audit-requires) so PEP 508 specifiers containing spaces work (#2913)
+- 🐛 Makes [`archs`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs) parsing case-insensitive and platform-aware, so e.g. `arm64` works on Windows (#2920)
+- 🐛 Uses an absolute path for the `{project}` placeholder in [`config-settings`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) (#2934)
+- 🐛 Validates the [`pyodide-version`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#pyodide-version) option against the build identifier with a clear error (#2925)
+- 🐛 Fixes PyPy installs on macOS after PyPy switched its downloads from `.tar.bz2` to `.tar.gz` (#2939)
+- 🐛 Makes a matching `python3-config` available in the build and test venvs on macOS (#2922)
+- 🛠 Updates dependencies and container pins (#2917, #2935, #2939)
+- 🛠 Updates Android tests to current Python versions and the new test repository URL (#2933)
+- 🛠 Drops the `orjson` dependency, no longer used by mypy 2+ (#2923)
+- 📚 Builds the docs with properdocs, a MkDocs fork (#2946)
+- 📚 Adds the missing `cp314-pyodide_wasm32` entry to the build identifier table (#2947)
+- 📚 Removes outdated notes about the `pip wheel` build frontend and ClearLinux (#2926)
+- 💼 Adds a "CI: PyPy EoL" PR label to run PyPy EoL tests on PRs (#2930)
+- 💼 Updates CI action pins and pre-commit hooks (#2914, #2932, #2938, #2940, #2942, #2943)
+
+### v4.1.0
+
+_12 June 2026_
+
+- ✨ Updates Pyodide to the final 314.0.0 release, so Pyodide 3.14 wheels now build by default without the `pyodide-prerelease` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) flag. (#2906)
+- 🐛 Raises clear errors when a build produces no wheel, instead of failing later with a confusing message (#2909)
+- 🛠 Speeds up CLI startup through lazy imports on Python 3.15 (#2797)
+- 📚 Adds an FAQ section on caching cibuildwheel's downloaded tools with `CIBW_CACHE_PATH` (#2842)
+- 📚 Documentation improvements: clarifies which shell is used for command options, clarifies environment variable precedence, and fixes a dead Pyodide env info link (#2904, #2905, #2911)
+
+### v4.0.0
+
+_7 June 2026_
+
+See @henryiii's [release post](https://iscinumpy.dev/post/cibuildwheel-4-0-0/) for more info on new features!
 
 - 🌟 Adds wheel auditing with `abi3audit` as a default after the repair step, with new [`audit-requires`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#audit-requires) and [`audit-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#audit-command) options (#2805)
-- 🌟 Adds `pyemscripten` platform tag support (PEP 783), updates Pyodide to 314.0.0a1, and adds a `pyodide-eol` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) flag for building end-of-life Pyodide versions (#2812, #2848)
+- 🌟 Adds `pyemscripten` platform tag support (PEP 783), updates Pyodide to 314.0.0a2, and adds a `pyodide-eol` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) flag for building end-of-life Pyodide versions (#2812, #2848)
 - 🌟 Sets up `delvewheel` as the default [`repair-wheel-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command) for Windows, so extension module DLLs are now bundled automatically. Skip by setting it to empty if not needed. (#2831)
-- ✨ Adds CPython 3.15 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.15.0b1. (#2833, #2850)
+- ✨ Adds CPython 3.15 support, under the [`enable` option](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) `cpython-prerelease`. This version of cibuildwheel uses 3.15.0b2. (#2833, #2850)
 
-    _While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.14 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag._ (#2390)
+    _While CPython is in beta, the ABI can change, so your wheels might not be compatible with the final release. For this reason, we don't recommend distributing wheels until RC1, at which point 3.15 will be available in cibuildwheel without the flag._
+
+- ✨ Adds CPython 3.15 support for iOS and Android (#2857, #2858)
+- ✨ Adds Android improvements for building NumPy and related packages, including auditwheel support, pkg-config and Fortran configuration, and the [`xbuild-files`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#xbuild-files) option (#2695)
+- ✨ Adds `CIBUILDWHEEL_BUILD_IDENTIFIER` environment variable set to the current build identifier (e.g. `cp311-manylinux_x86_64`) during per-build steps (#2872)
 - ✨ Adds `{project}` and `{package}` placeholders to [`config-settings`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) (#2827)
 - ⚠️ Drops support for Python 3.8 (#2686)
 - ⚠️ Removes the experimental CPython 3.13 free-threading builds and the `cpython-freethreading` [`enable`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#enable) option. CPython 3.14+ free-threading support remains available without the enable flag. (#2684)
 - ⚠️ Drops support for Cirrus CI, which is shutting down June 1, 2026 (#2817)
+- ⚠️ Drops GraalPy 3.11 (gp311) support, as agreed in #2741, and removes GraalPy 24-only workarounds (#2895)
+- 🔐 Adds SHA256 verification for direct downloads of Python interpreters, virtualenv, and python-build-standalone assets (#2873)
+- 🔐 Adds tarfile extraction filter for safe archive extraction (#2856)
 - 🐛 Fixes `UV_PYTHON` not being set for [`before-build`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-build) on Linux when using `uv` as the [`build-frontend`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) (#2830)
+- 🐛 Fixes detection of musl libc when downloading python-build-standalone, which previously always selected the gnu asset on musl hosts like Alpine (#2889)
+- 🐛 Fixes [`config-settings`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) expansion when `{project}` or `{package}` contains spaces or backslashes (#2886)
+- 🐛 Prevents deadlock when `linux32` fails and forwards platform args to the sanity check (#2880, #2888)
+- 🐛 Fixes container resource leaks on start failure and during teardown (#2879, #2887)
+- 🐛 Removes potential partial cache-population in case of error (#2892)
+- 🐛 Raises a clear error when `ANDROID_API_LEVEL` is not an integer (#2891)
+- 🐛 Replaces assert with proper exception in python-build-standalone (#2859)
+- 🐛 Uses ConfigurationError when `package_dir` is outside cwd instead of a generic Exception (#2898)
+- 🛠 Updates dependencies and container pins (#2893, #2882, #2874, #2868, #2862, #2884, #2845, #2837, #2818, #2810, #2838, #2813)
 - 🛠 Updates Android to Python 3.13.13 and 3.14.4 (#2821)
 - 🛠 Applies Pyodide-specific patches to the Emscripten toolchain installation (#2800)
-- 🛠 Updates dependencies and container pins (#2845, #2837, #2821, #2818, #2810, #2838, #2813)
 - 🛠 Uses `python -V -V` for Windows build diagnostics (#2832)
+- 🛠 Simplifies pinned container image lookup (#2897)
+- 🛠 Minor fixups across error messages, OCI container, and options (#2860)
+- 💼 Adds PEP 723 metadata for `bin/` scripts and drops the `bin` dependency group (#2819)
+- 💼 Improves Azure test reliability with retries and caching (#2890)
+- 💼 Fixes Windows GitLab CI test running (#2870)
+- 💼 Updates CI action pins and dev dependencies (#2902, #2867, #2851, #2843, #2826, #2823, #2820, #2807)
+- 💼 Adds agent and copilot setup files (#2861)
+- 💼 Uses `if TYPE_CHECKING:` blocks (#2866, #2864)
+- 🧪 Fixes Android tests using the `uv` frontend (#2809)
+- 🧪 Fixes the update-dependencies workflow to use `uv` to run `nox` (#2808)
+- 🧪 Adds unit tests for `OCIContainer._get_platform_args` (#2878)
+- 📚 Updates documentation for delvewheel as the default Windows [`repair-wheel-command`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command), including the build diagram, schema defaults, and legal note (#2877, #2853, #2891)
 - 📚 Documents platform-specific [`before-build`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-build) configuration (#2834)
 - 📚 Updates the "How it works" diagram with details of Android, iOS, and Pyodide builds (#2816)
 - 📚 Adds Pyodide icon and regenerates working examples data for Android, iOS, and Pyodide (#2815, #2811)
+- 📚 Adds intersphinx support for external documentation linking (#2871)
+- 📚 Adds instructions for building CUDA wheels and fixes manylinux container references in FAQ (#2896, #2900)
 - 📚 Links back to source in docs (#2806)
-- 💼 Adds PEP 723 metadata for `bin/` scripts and drops the `bin` dependency group (#2819)
-- 💼 Updates CI action pins and dev dependencies (#2851, #2843, #2826, #2823, #2820, #2807)
-- 🧪 Fixes Android tests using the `uv` frontend (#2809)
-- 🧪 Fixes the update-dependencies workflow to use `uv` to run `nox` (#2808)
+- 📚 Removes outdated numpy info (#2855)
 
 
 ### v3.4.1

docs/ci-services.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Configuring a CI service
+ref: ci-services
 ---
 
 ## Configuring a CI service

docs/configuration.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: Configuration
+ref: configuration
+---
+
 # Configuration methods
 
 cibuildwheel can either be configured using environment variables, or from
@@ -58,11 +63,13 @@ cibuildwheel to run tests, add the following YAML to your CI config file:
 You can configure cibuildwheel with a config file, such as `pyproject.toml`.
 Options have the same names as the environment variable overrides, but are
 placed in `[tool.cibuildwheel]` and are lower case, with dashes, following
-common [TOML](https://toml.io) practice. Anything placed in subsections `linux`, `windows`,
-`macos`, or `pyodide` will only affect those platforms. Lists can be used
-instead of strings for items that are naturally a list. Multiline strings also
-work just like in the environment variables. Environment variables will take
-precedence if defined.
+common [TOML](https://toml.io) practice. Anything placed in subsections
+named after a platform will only affect those platforms. Platform-specific
+values replace the corresponding global value for that platform; table options
+are not merged key by key. Lists can be used instead of strings for items that
+are naturally a list. Multiline strings also work just like in the environment
+variables. Environment variable overrides, such as `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND` and
+`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND_LINUX`, will take precedence if defined.
 
 The example above using environment variables could have been written like this:
 
@@ -173,7 +180,7 @@ on Python 3.11, and will have `environment = {FOO="BAZ", "PYTHON"="MONTY", "HAM"
 In the TOML configuration, you can choose how tables and lists are inherited.
 By default, all values are overridden completely (`"none"`) but sometimes you'd
 rather `"append"` or `"prepend"` to an existing list or table. You can do this
-with the `inherit` table in overrides.  For example, if you want to add an environment
+with the `inherit` table in overrides. For example, if you want to add an environment
 variable for CPython 3.11, without `inherit` you'd have to repeat all the
 original environment variables in the override. With `inherit`, it's just:
 

docs/contributing.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Contributing
+ref: contributing
 ---
 
 # Contributing
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ Other notes:
 
 ### cibuildwheel's relationship with build errors
 
-cibuildwheel doesn't really do anything itself - it's always deferring to other tools (pip, wheel, auditwheel, delocate, docker). Without cibuildwheel, the process is really fragmented. Different tools, across different OSs need to be stitched together in just the right way to make it work.
+cibuildwheel doesn't really do anything itself - it's always deferring to other tools (pip, wheel, auditwheel, delocate, delvewheel, docker). Without cibuildwheel, the process is really fragmented. Different tools, across different OSs need to be stitched together in just the right way to make it work.
 
 We're not responsible for errors in those tools, for fixing errors/crashes there. But cibuildwheel's job is providing users with an 'integrated' user experience across those tools. We provide an abstraction. The user says 'build me some wheels', not 'open the docker container, build a wheel with pip, fix up the symbols with auditwheel' etc.  However, errors have a habit of breaking abstractions. And this is where users get confused, because the mechanism of cibuildwheel is laid bare, and they must understand a little bit how it works to debug.
 

docs/cpp_standards.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Modern C++ standards
+ref: cpp-standards
 ---
 
 # Modern C++ standards

docs/deliver-to-pypi.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Delivering to PyPI
+ref: deliver-to-pypi
 ---
 
 # Delivering to PyPI

docs/diagram.html

@@ -179,19 +179,30 @@
           },
         },
         {
-          label: 'Repair wheel',
+          label: 'Repair using auditwheel',
           href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
           platforms: ['android'],
           style: 'block',
           tooltip: {
             title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
             tag: 'Customisable step',
-            description: 'By default, bundles libc++ into the wheel if any shared library links against it, using patchelf. Can be overridden with a custom repair command.'
+            description: 'Bundle shared libraries by running auditwheel on each built wheel.'
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          label: 'Repair using delvewheel',
+          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
+          platforms: ['windows'],
+          style: 'block',
+          tooltip: {
+            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
+            tag: 'Customisable step',
+            description: 'Bundle shared libraries by running delvewheel on each built wheel.'
           },
         },
         {
           href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
-          platforms: ['windows', 'ios', 'pyodide'],
+          platforms: ['ios', 'pyodide'],
           style: 'dot',
           tooltip: {
             title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',

docs/faq.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Tips and tricks
+ref: faq
 ---
 
 # Tips and tricks
@@ -101,6 +102,51 @@ Meson generally works well with cibuildwheel, but there are a few things to be a
 
 -   If you need to build 32-bit Windows wheels, you need to activate a 32-bit compiler toolchain before starting cibuildwheel. Many users use [ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd](https://github.com/ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd) for this purpose.
 
+### Caching cibuildwheel's downloaded tools {: #caching}
+
+To speed up builds, cibuildwheel caches the tools it downloads — CPython/PyPy installers, [`virtualenv`][virtualenv], [python-build-standalone][pbs] archives used on Android/iOS, etc. The active cache folder is printed in the preamble of every run:
+
+```
+Cache folder: /Users/Matt/Library/Caches/cibuildwheel
+```
+
+By default it lives under the OS user-cache directory:
+
+| Platform     | Default cache folder                          |
+| ------------ | --------------------------------------------- |
+| Linux        | `~/.cache/cibuildwheel`                       |
+| macOS / iOS  | `~/Library/Caches/cibuildwheel`               |
+| Windows      | `%LOCALAPPDATA%\pypa\cibuildwheel\Cache`      |
+
+Set the `CIBW_CACHE_PATH` environment variable to point cibuildwheel at a different folder. On CI you'll typically want a workflow-defined path so that the runner's cache action can persist it between runs.
+
+#### Persisting the cache on GitHub Actions
+
+```yaml
+- uses: actions/cache@v5
+  with:
+    path: ${{ runner.temp }}/cibw-cache
+    key: cibw-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}
+    restore-keys: |
+      cibw-${{ runner.os }}-
+
+- uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.4.1
+  env:
+    CIBW_CACHE_PATH: ${{ runner.temp }}/cibw-cache
+```
+
+The `restore-keys` fallback lets a slightly stale cache still be reused if `pyproject.toml` changes. Adjust the cache key to whatever set of inputs determines what cibuildwheel will download (e.g. include a hash of `pyproject.toml`'s `[tool.cibuildwheel]` section, or pin on a Python build-tools version).
+
+For platform-specific notes (e.g. caching the official python.org installers on macOS, or NuGet CPython downloads on Windows), see the [platforms documentation](platforms.md).
+
+If the cache becomes stale or corrupt, run `cibuildwheel --clean-cache` (or simply delete the folder) before re-running.
+
+!!! warning "Cache poisoning security risk"
+    Use of caching in a release pipeline means the cache folder is now a possible security risk - an attacker could [poison the cache](https://hivesecurity.gitlab.io/blog/github-actions-cache-poisoning-supply-chain/) with executables they have compromised. If you use this for release builds, consider who has access to modify the cache. Specifically be careful if your repo has any workflows using `pull_request_target`, even if they appear unrelated.
+
+[virtualenv]: https://virtualenv.pypa.io/
+[pbs]: https://gregoryszorc.com/docs/python-build-standalone/main/
+
 ### Automatic updates using Dependabot {: #automatic-updates}
 
 Selecting a moving target (like the latest release) is generally a bad idea in CI. If something breaks, you can't tell whether it was your code or an upstream update that caused the breakage, and in a worst-case scenario, it could occur during a release.
@@ -112,7 +158,7 @@ There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
 
 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.0.0rc1
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.2.0
 ```
 
 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
@@ -137,7 +183,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `
 
 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+cibuildwheel==4.2.0
 ```
 
 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
@@ -220,6 +266,60 @@ Your build might need some compiler flags to be set through environment variable
 Consider incorporating these into your package, for example, in `setup.py` using [`extra_compile_args` or
 `extra_link_args`](https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/ext_modules.html#setuptools.Extension).
 
+### Building wheels with CUDA on Linux
+
+On Linux, you can build binary wheels with CUDA to take advantage of NVIDIA GPUs for hardware acceleration.
+Specify the custom Docker containers with CUDA Toolkit as follows:
+
+```yaml
+CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: >-
+  quay.io/manylinux_cuda/manylinux_2_28_x86_64_cuda13_1:latest
+CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE: >-
+  quay.io/manylinux_cuda/manylinux_2_28_aarch64_cuda13_1:latest
+```
+Currently, we support the following CUDA manylinux containers:
+
+* `quay.io/manylinux_cuda/manylinux_2_28_x86_64_cuda12_9:latest`
+* `quay.io/manylinux_cuda/manylinux_2_28_aarch64_cuda12_9:latest`
+* `quay.io/manylinux_cuda/manylinux_2_28_x86_64_cuda13_1:latest`
+* `quay.io/manylinux_cuda/manylinux_2_28_aarch64_cuda13_1:latest`
+* `quay.io/manylinux_cuda/manylinux_2_34_x86_64_cuda12_9:latest`
+* `quay.io/manylinux_cuda/manylinux_2_34_aarch64_cuda12_9:latest`
+* `quay.io/manylinux_cuda/manylinux_2_34_x86_64_cuda13_1:latest`
+* `quay.io/manylinux_cuda/manylinux_2_34_aarch64_cuda13_1:latest`
+
+A typical GitHub Actions workflow will look like this:
+
+```yaml
+jobs:
+  build-wheels:
+    name: Build wheels
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.target.runner }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        manylinux-base: [manylinux_2_28, manylinux_2_34]
+        cuda-version: [12_9, 13_1]
+        target:
+          - arch: x86_64
+            runner: ubuntu-24.04
+          - arch: aarch64
+            runner: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Build wheels
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3
+        env:
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: >-
+            quay.io/manylinux_cuda/${{ matrix.manylinux-base }}_x86_64_cuda${{ matrix.cuda-version }}:latest
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE: >-
+            quay.io/manylinux_cuda/${{ matrix.manylinux-base }}_aarch64_cuda${{ matrix.cuda-version }}:latest
+          CIBW_BUILD: cp312-manylinux_${{ matrix.target.arch }}
+```
+
+
 ## Troubleshooting
 
 If your wheel didn't compile, you might have a mistake in your config.
@@ -234,7 +334,7 @@ Sometimes a build will fail due to a missing dependency.
 
 **If you need a build tool** (e.g. cmake, automake, ninja), you can install it through a package manager like apt/yum, brew or choco, using the [`before-all`](options.md#before-all) option.
 
-**If your build is linking into a native library dependency**, you can build/install that in [`before-all`](options.md#before-all). However, on Linux, Mac (and Windows if you're using [delvewheel]), the library that you install will be bundled into the wheel in the [repair step]. So take care to ensure that
+**If your build is linking into a native library dependency**, you can build/install that in [`before-all`](options.md#before-all). However, on Linux, Mac, and Windows (which uses [delvewheel] by default since cibuildwheel 4.0), the library that you install will be bundled into the wheel in the [repair step]. So take care to ensure that
 
 - the bundled library doesn't accidentally increase the minimum system requirements (such as the minimum macOS version)
 - the bundled library matches the architecture of the wheel you're building when cross-compiling
@@ -302,7 +402,7 @@ Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to use pipx:
 # most runners have pipx preinstalled, but in case you don't
 python3 -m pip install pipx
 
-pipx run cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1 --output-dir wheelhouse
+pipx run cibuildwheel==4.2.0 --output-dir wheelhouse
 pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 

docs/index.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Home
+ref: index
 ---
 
 # cibuildwheel

docs/options.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: Options
+ref: options
+---
+
 # Options
 
 <div class="options-toc"></div>
@@ -59,12 +64,11 @@ When setting the options, you can use shell-style globbing syntax, as per [fnmat
 | Python 3.11   | cp311-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp311-macosx_universal2<br/>cp311-macosx_arm64 | cp311-win_amd64<br/>cp311-win32<br/>cp311-win_arm64 | cp311-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-manylinux_i686<br/>cp311-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-musllinux_i686 | cp311-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp311-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp311-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp311-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp311-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp311-musllinux_riscv64 |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | Python 3.12   | cp312-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp312-macosx_universal2<br/>cp312-macosx_arm64 | cp312-win_amd64<br/>cp312-win32<br/>cp312-win_arm64 | cp312-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp312-manylinux_i686<br/>cp312-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp312-musllinux_i686 | cp312-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp312-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp312-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp312-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp312-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp312-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp312-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp312-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp312-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp312-musllinux_riscv64 |                                                  |                                                                                                   | cp312-pyodide_wasm32 |
 | Python 3.13   | cp313-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp313-macosx_universal2<br/>cp313-macosx_arm64 | cp313-win_amd64<br/>cp313-win32<br/>cp313-win_arm64 | cp313-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp313-manylinux_i686<br/>cp313-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp313-musllinux_i686 | cp313-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp313-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp313-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp313-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp313-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp313-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp313-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp313-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp313-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp313-musllinux_riscv64 | cp313-android_arm64_v8a<br/>cp313-android_x86_64 | cp313-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp313-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp313-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator | cp313-pyodide_wasm32 |
-| Python 3.14   | cp314-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp314-macosx_universal2<br/>cp314-macosx_arm64<br><br>cp314t-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp314t-macosx_universal2<br/>cp314t-macosx_arm64 | cp314-win_amd64<br/>cp314-win32<br/>cp314-win_arm64<br><br>cp314t-win_amd64<br/>cp314t-win32<br/>cp314t-win_arm64 | cp314-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp314-manylinux_i686<br/>cp314-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp314-musllinux_i686<br><br>cp314t-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp314t-manylinux_i686<br/>cp314t-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_i686 | cp314-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp314-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp314-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp314-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp314-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp314-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp314-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp314-musllinux_riscv64<br><br>cp314t-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp314t-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314t-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp314t-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp314t-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314t-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp314t-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp314t-musllinux_riscv64 | cp314-android_arm64_v8a<br/>cp314-android_x86_64 | cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator |                      |
-| Python 3.15   | cp315-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp315-macosx_universal2<br/>cp315-macosx_arm64<br><br>cp315t-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp315t-macosx_universal2<br/>cp315t-macosx_arm64 | cp315-win_amd64<br/>cp315-win32<br/>cp315-win_arm64<br><br>cp315t-win_amd64<br/>cp315t-win32<br/>cp315t-win_arm64 | cp315-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp315-manylinux_i686<br/>cp315-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp315-musllinux_i686<br><br>cp315t-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp315t-manylinux_i686<br/>cp315t-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp315t-musllinux_i686 | cp315-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp315-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp315-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp315-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp315-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp315-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp315-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp315-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp315-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp315-musllinux_riscv64<br><br>cp315t-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp315t-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp315t-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp315t-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp315t-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp315t-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp315t-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp315t-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp315t-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp315t-musllinux_riscv64 | cp315-android_arm64_v8a<br/>cp315-android_x86_64 | cp315-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp315-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp315-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator |                      |
+| Python 3.14   | cp314-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp314-macosx_universal2<br/>cp314-macosx_arm64<br><br>cp314t-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp314t-macosx_universal2<br/>cp314t-macosx_arm64 | cp314-win_amd64<br/>cp314-win32<br/>cp314-win_arm64<br><br>cp314t-win_amd64<br/>cp314t-win32<br/>cp314t-win_arm64 | cp314-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp314-manylinux_i686<br/>cp314-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp314-musllinux_i686<br><br>cp314t-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp314t-manylinux_i686<br/>cp314t-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_i686 | cp314-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp314-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp314-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp314-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp314-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp314-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp314-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp314-musllinux_riscv64<br><br>cp314t-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp314t-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314t-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp314t-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp314t-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp314t-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp314t-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp314t-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp314t-musllinux_riscv64 | cp314-android_arm64_v8a<br/>cp314-android_x86_64 | cp314-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp314-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp314-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator | cp314-pyodide_wasm32 |
+| Python 3.15   | cp315-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp315-macosx_universal2<br/>cp315-macosx_arm64<br><br>cp315t-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp315t-macosx_universal2<br/>cp315t-macosx_arm64 | cp315-win_amd64<br/>cp315-win32<br/>cp315-win_arm64<br><br>cp315t-win_amd64<br/>cp315t-win32<br/>cp315t-win_arm64 | cp315-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp315-manylinux_i686<br/>cp315-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp315-musllinux_i686<br><br>cp315t-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp315t-manylinux_i686<br/>cp315t-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp315t-musllinux_i686 | cp315-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp315-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp315-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp315-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp315-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp315-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp315-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp315-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp315-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp315-musllinux_riscv64<br><br>cp315t-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp315t-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp315t-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp315t-manylinux_armv7l<br/>cp315t-manylinux_riscv64<br/>cp315t-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp315t-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp315t-musllinux_s390x<br/>cp315t-musllinux_armv7l<br/>cp315t-musllinux_riscv64 | cp315-android_arm64_v8a<br/>cp315-android_x86_64 | cp315-ios_arm64_iphoneos<br/>cp315-ios_arm64_iphonesimulator<br/>cp315-ios_x86_64_iphonesimulator | cp315-pyodide_wasm32 |
 | PyPy3.9 v7.3  | pp39-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp39-macosx_arm64                               | pp39-win_amd64                                      | pp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp39-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp39-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | PyPy3.10 v7.3 | pp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp310-macosx_arm64                             | pp310-win_amd64                                     | pp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp310-manylinux_i686                                                     | pp310-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | PyPy3.11 v7.3 | pp311-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp311-macosx_arm64                             | pp311-win_amd64                                     | pp311-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp311-manylinux_i686                                                     | pp311-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
-| GraalPy 3.11 v24.2 | gp311_242-macosx_x86_64<br/>gp311_242-macosx_arm64                             | gp311_242-win_amd64                                     | gp311_242-manylinux_x86_64                                                                              | gp311_242-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | GraalPy 3.12 v25.0 | gp312_250-macosx_x86_64<br/>gp312_250-macosx_arm64                             | gp312_250-win_amd64                                     | gp312_250-manylinux_x86_64                                                                              | gp312_250-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                                                                   |                      |
 
 The list of supported and currently selected build identifiers can also be retrieved by passing the `--print-build-identifiers` flag to cibuildwheel.
@@ -353,13 +357,11 @@ values are:
 
 
 - `cpython-prerelease`: Enables beta versions of Pythons if any are available
-  (May-July, approximately).
+  (May-July, approximately). This also covers Pyodide versions built against a
+  beta CPython, which is the case for the current Pyodide prerelease.
 - `pypy`: Enable PyPy.
 - `pypy-eol`: Enable PyPy versions that have passed end of life (if still available).
 - `graalpy`: Enable GraalPy.
-- `pyodide-prerelease`: Pyodide versions that haven't released yet, if one is
-  available. Safe if you are shipping a site with an early build, not for
-  general distribution.
 - `pyodide-eol`: Enable Pyodide versions that are no longer the current stable
   release (if still available).
 - `all`: Enable all of the above.
@@ -477,7 +479,11 @@ files (from workspaces) are not supported.
     are building GraalPy wheels, use `build` or `pip` as the build frontend
     instead of `build[uv]` or `uv`.
 
-On Android and Pyodide, the "pip" frontend is not supported.
+On Android, the "pip" frontend is not supported.
+
+On Pyodide, `pyodide-build` is the default and only supported frontend; setting
+another frontend produces a warning and uses `pyodide-build` instead. See
+[Pyodide build frontend support](platforms.md#pyodide-build-frontend) for details.
 
 You can specify extra arguments to pass to the build frontend using the
 optional `args` option.
@@ -589,6 +595,12 @@ You must use this variable to pass variables to Linux builds, since they execute
 You can use `$PATH` syntax to insert other variables, or the `$(pwd)` syntax to insert the output of other shell commands.
 Variables are evaluated in the order they appear. Any variable referenced before it is set will evaluate to an empty string.
 
+The environment seen by the build and test steps starts with the build
+environment. On Linux, this is the container environment, plus any variables
+passed through with [`environment-pass`](#environment-pass). On other platforms,
+the host environment is already available. Assignments in `environment` are
+evaluated after that base environment and replace any duplicate variable names.
+
 To specify more than one environment variable, separate the assignments by spaces.
 
 Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
@@ -669,6 +681,9 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 !!! note
     cibuildwheel always defines the environment variable `CIBUILDWHEEL=1`. This can be useful for [building wheels with optional extensions](faq.md#optional-extensions).
 
+!!! note
+    For each per-build step (`before_build`, the build itself, `repair_command`, `before_test`, `test_command`), cibuildwheel also sets `CIBUILDWHEEL_BUILD_IDENTIFIER` to the current build identifier (e.g. `cp311-manylinux_x86_64`). This can be used in scripts to distinguish different builds.
+
 !!! note
     To do its work, cibuildwheel sets the variables `VIRTUALENV_PIP`, `DIST_EXTRA_CONFIG`, `SETUPTOOLS_EXT_SUFFIX`, `PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK`, `PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION`, and it extends the variables `PATH` and `PIP_CONSTRAINT`. Your assignments to these options might be replaced or extended.
 
@@ -721,6 +736,17 @@ The placeholder `{package}` can be used here; it will be replaced by the path to
 
 On Windows and macOS, the version of Python available inside `before-all` is whatever is available on the host machine. On Linux, a modern Python version is available on PATH.
 
+!!! note "Shell selection"
+
+    Shell command options such as `before-all`, `before-build`,
+    `repair-wheel-command`, and `before-test` are executed by a platform shell.
+    Linux builds run inside the build container and invoke the container's `sh -c`.
+    On macOS and Windows, cibuildwheel calls Python's
+    `subprocess.run(..., shell=True)`, which normally means `/bin/sh` on macOS
+    and `cmd.exe` on Windows. If you need a specific interpreter, invoke it
+    explicitly, for example `python scripts/prepare.py` or
+    `bash scripts/prepare.sh`.
+
 This option has special behavior in the overrides section in `pyproject.toml`.
 On linux, overriding it triggers a new container launch. It cannot be overridden
 on macOS and Windows.
@@ -783,9 +809,9 @@ instead.
 ### `before-build` {: #before-build env-var toml}
 > Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build
 
-A shell command to run before building the wheel. This option allows you to run a command in **each** Python environment before the `pip wheel` command. This is useful if you need to set up some dependency so it's available during the build.
+A shell command to run before building the wheel. This option allows you to run a command in **each** Python environment before the wheel is built. This is useful if you need to set up some dependency so it's available during the build.
 
-If dependencies are required to build your wheel (for example if you include a header from a Python module), instead of using this command, we recommend adding requirements to a `pyproject.toml` file's `build-system.requires` array instead. This is reproducible, and users who do not get your wheels (such as Alpine or ClearLinux users) will still benefit.
+If dependencies are required to build your wheel (for example if you include a header from a Python module), instead of using this command, we recommend adding requirements to a `pyproject.toml` file's `build-system.requires` array instead. This is reproducible, and users who do not get your wheels (such as BSD operating system variants) will still benefit.
 
 The active Python binary can be accessed using `python`, and pip with `pip`; cibuildwheel makes sure the right version of Python and pip will be executed. The placeholder `{package}` can be used here; it will be replaced by the path to the package being built by cibuildwheel.
 
@@ -916,15 +942,44 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available on platforms that use
     ```
 
 
+### `xbuild-files` {: #xbuild-files env-var toml}
+> Platform-specific files in the build environment
+
+When cross-compiling a package for Android, any dependencies in its [`build-system.requires`](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/writing-pyproject-toml/) are installed for the build platform. However, some dependencies contain platform-specific files such as headers and static libraries, which must correspond to the target platform.
+
+This option maps a [normalized](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/name-normalization/#name-normalization) package name to a list of paths within that package. If the package is present in the build environment, then a matching version will be downloaded for the target platform, and used to overwrite the given paths within the build environment.
+
+The default value of this option includes [paths from popular packages](configuration.md#configuration-file).
+
+Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
+ `CIBW_XBUILD_FILES_ANDROID`
+
+#### Examples
+
+!!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
+
+    ```toml
+    [tool.cibuildwheel.xbuild-files]
+    package1 = ["some/header.h", "some/library.a"]
+    package2 = ["other/header.h"]
+    ```
+
+!!! tab examples "Environment variables"
+
+    ```yaml
+    CIBW_XBUILD_FILES: "package1: some/header.h some/library.a; package2: other/header.h"
+    ```
+
+
 ### `repair-wheel-command` {: #repair-wheel-command env-var toml}
 > Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel
 
 Default:
 
 - on Linux: `'auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'`
+- on Windows: `'delvewheel repair -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}'`
 - on macOS: `'delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}'`
-- on Android: There is no default command, but cibuildwheel will add `libc++` to the
-  wheel if anything links against it. Setting a command will replace this behavior.
+- on Android: `'auditwheel repair --ldpaths {ldpaths} -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'`
 - on Pyodide: You can use `pyodide auditwheel repair --libdir /path/to/libraries --output-dir {dest_dir} {wheel}` command to repair the wheel.
   Unlike other platforms, this command is not set by default as you need to explicitly
   specify the library directory. You might not want to use the libraries in the system
@@ -934,11 +989,15 @@ Default:
 A shell command to repair a built wheel by copying external library dependencies into the wheel tree and relinking them.
 The command is run on each built wheel (except for pure Python ones) before testing it.
 
+!!! note
+    Since cibuildwheel 4.0, `delvewheel` is the default `repair-wheel-command` on Windows, so extension-module DLLs are bundled automatically. If a wheel has a platform tag but contains no extension module (for example, a package that sets a platform tag but ships a pre-built DLL itself), `delvewheel` may error. In that case, set `repair-wheel-command = ""` to skip the repair step.
+
 The following placeholders must be used inside the command and will be replaced by cibuildwheel:
 
 - `{wheel}` for the absolute path to the built wheel
 - `{dest_dir}` for the absolute path of the directory where to create the repaired wheel
 - `{delocate_archs}` (macOS only) comma-separated list of architectures in the wheel.
+- `{ldpaths}` (Android only) colon-separated list of directories to search for external libraries, set by cibuildwheel to include any necessary locations in the NDK. You can add more directories by appending them with a colon separator after the placeholder, or by setting the `AUDITWHEEL_LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environment variable.
 
 You can use the `{package}` or `{project}` placeholders in your `repair-wheel-command` to refer to the package being built or the project root, respectively.
 
@@ -947,24 +1006,14 @@ The command is run in a shell, so you can run multiple commands like `cmd1 && cm
 Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_MACOS` | `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_LINUX` | `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_ANDROID` | `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_IOS` | `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_PYODIDE`
 
-!!! tip
-    cibuildwheel doesn't yet ship a default repair command for Windows.
-
-    **If that's an issue for you, check out [delvewheel]** - a new package that aims to do the same as auditwheel or delocate for Windows.
-
-    Because delvewheel is still relatively early-stage, cibuildwheel does not yet run it by default. However, we'd recommend giving it a try! See the examples below for usage.
-
-    [Delvewheel]: https://github.com/adang1345/delvewheel
-
 #### Examples
 
 !!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
 
     ```toml
-    # Use delvewheel on windows
+    # Don't repair Windows wheels
     [tool.cibuildwheel.windows]
-    before-build = "pip install delvewheel"
-    repair-wheel-command = "delvewheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
+    repair-wheel-command = ""
 
     # Don't repair macOS wheels
     [tool.cibuildwheel.macos]
@@ -992,9 +1041,8 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
 
     ```yaml
-    # Use delvewheel on windows
-    CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD_WINDOWS: "pip install delvewheel"
-    CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_WINDOWS: "delvewheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
+    # Don't repair Windows wheels
+    CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_WINDOWS: ""
 
     # Don't repair macOS wheels
     CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_MACOS: ""
@@ -1624,6 +1672,10 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
     # Install specific versions of test dependencies
     [tool.cibuildwheel]
     test-requires = ["pytest==8.2.2", "packaging==24.1"]
+
+    # Dependency specifiers with environment markers are supported
+    [tool.cibuildwheel]
+    test-requires = ["pytest", "pyzstd; python_version >= '3.14'"]
     ```
 
     In configuration files, you can use an array, and the items will be joined with a space.
@@ -1636,6 +1688,10 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 
     # Install specific versions of test dependencies
     CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest==8.2.2 packaging==24.1
+
+    # Use shell-style quoting around specifiers containing spaces, such as
+    # those with environment markers
+    CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: "pytest 'pyzstd; python_version >= \"3.14\"'"
     ```
 
 
@@ -1856,14 +1912,14 @@ will not produce more logging about the build itself. Other levels only affect
 the build frontend output, which is usually things like resolving and
 downloading dependencies. The settings are:
 
-|             | build | pip    | uv    | desc                                   |
-|-------------|-------|--------|-------|----------------------------------------|
-| -2          | `-qq` | `-qq`  | `-qq` | even more quiet, where supported       |
-| -1          | `-q`  | `-q`   | `-q`  | quiet mode, where supported            |
-| 0 (default) |       |        |       | default for build tool                 |
-| 1           |       | `-v`   |       | print backend output                   |
-| 2           | `-v`  | `-vv`  | `-v`  | print log messages e.g. resolving info |
-| 3           | `-vv` | `-vvv` | `-vv` | print even more debug info             |
+|             | build | pip    | uv    | pyodide-build | desc                                   |
+|-------------|-------|--------|-------|---------------|----------------------------------------|
+| -2          | `-qq` | `-qq`  | `-qq` |               | even more quiet, where supported       |
+| -1          | `-q`  | `-q`   | `-q`  |               | quiet mode, where supported            |
+| 0 (default) |       |        |       |               | default for build tool                 |
+| 1           |       | `-v`   |       | `-v`          | print backend output                   |
+| 2           | `-v`  | `-vv`  | `-v`  | `-vv`         | print log messages e.g. resolving info |
+| 3           | `-vv` | `-vvv` | `-vv` |               | print even more debug info             |
 
 Settings that are not supported for a specific frontend will log a warning.
 The default build frontend is `build`, which does show build backend output by

docs/platforms.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Platforms
+ref: platforms
 ---
 # Platforms
 
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ You must target pyodide with `--platform pyodide` (or use `--only` on the identi
 
 ### Choosing a Pyodide version {: #pyodide-choosing-a-version}
 
-It is also possible to target a specific Pyodide version by setting the [`pyodide-version`](options.md#pyodide-version) option to the desired version. Users are responsible for setting an appropriate Pyodide version according to the `pyodide-build` version. A list is available in Pyodide's [cross-build environments metadata file](https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide/blob/main/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json), which can be viewed more easily by installing `pyodide-build` from PyPI and using `pyodide xbuildenv search --all` to see a compatibility table.
+It is also possible to target a specific Pyodide version by setting the [`pyodide-version`](options.md#pyodide-version) option to the desired version. Users are responsible for setting an appropriate Pyodide version according to the `pyodide-build` version. A list is available in Pyodide's [cross-build environments metadata file](https://pyodide.github.io/pyodide/api/v2/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json), which can be viewed more easily by installing `pyodide-build` from PyPI and using `pyodide xbuildenv search --all` to see a compatibility table.
 
 If there are pre-releases available for a newer Pyodide version, the `pyodide-prerelease` [`enable`](options.md#enable) can be used to include pre-release versions. To build for older Pyodide versions that are no longer the current stable, use the `pyodide-eol` [`enable`](options.md#enable).
 
@@ -187,6 +188,11 @@ repair-wheel-command = "pyodide auditwheel repair --libdir /path/to/libraries --
 
 The `--libdir` option specifies the directory containing cross-compiled shared libraries for WASM. You should not use the system library directories (e.g. `/usr/lib`), as those libraries are not built for WebAssembly.
 
+### Build frontend support {: #pyodide-build-frontend}
+
+The pyodide platform builds wheels by shelling out to `pyodide build`, via the `pyodide-build` [`build-frontend`](options.md#build-frontend), which itself is a meta build frontend and passes through commands to pypa/build with specialised handling. This is the only supported frontend for this platform, and is used by default. A global [`build-frontend`](options.md#build-frontend) setting naming another frontend is ignored with a warning on this platform.
+
+[`build-verbosity`](options.md#build-verbosity) is passed through to `pyodide build` as `-v`/`-vv`. It is capped at `-vv`. `pyodide build` has no `-vvv` flag.
 
 ## Android {: android}
 
@@ -219,13 +225,9 @@ It also requires the following commands to be on the `PATH`:
 
 Android builds will honor the `ANDROID_API_LEVEL` environment variable to set the
 minimum supported [API level](https://developer.android.com/tools/releases/platforms)
-for generated wheels. This will default to the minimum API level of the selected Python
-version.
-
-If the [`repair-wheel-command`](options.md#repair-wheel-command) adds any libraries to
-the wheel, then `ANDROID_API_LEVEL` must be at least 24. This is already the default
-when building for Python 3.14 and later, but you may need to set it when building for
-Python 3.13.
+for generated wheels. This defaults to 24, which is supported by [99% of active
+devices](https://dl.google.com/android/studio/metadata/distributions.json), and is the first
+version to support RUNPATH, which auditwheel needs in order to graft external libraries.
 
 ### Build frontend support
 

docs/setup.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: 'Getting started'
+ref: setup
 ---
 
 # Getting started

docs/working-examples.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Working examples
+ref: working-examples
 ---
 
 <!-- START bin/projects.py -->
@@ -10,8 +11,8 @@ title: Working examples
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system |
-| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
+| [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [Tornado][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
@@ -47,9 +48,9 @@ title: Working examples
 | [Implicit][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes GPU support for linux wheels |
 | [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
 | [coverage.py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The coverage tool for Python |
-| [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
-| [PyCryptodome][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A self-contained cryptographic library for Python |
 | [PyAV][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries. |
+| [PyCryptodome][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A self-contained cryptographic library for Python |
+| [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
 | [PyYAML][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] | Canonical source repository for PyYAML |
 | [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by QPDF |
 | [numexpr][]                       | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast numerical array expression evaluator for Python, NumPy, Pandas, PyTables and more |
@@ -66,8 +67,8 @@ title: Working examples
 | [google neuroglancer][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebGL-based viewer for volumetric data |
 | [Parselmouth][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python interface to the Praat software package, using pybind11, C++17 and CMake, with the core Praat static library built only once and shared between wheels. |
 | [H3-py][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for H3, a hierarchical hexagonal geospatial indexing system |
-| [AutoPy][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [time-machine][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Time mocking library using only the CPython C API. |
+| [AutoPy][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [DeepForest][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | An Efficient, Scalable and Optimized Python Framework for Deep Forest (2021.2.1) |
 | [mosec][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A machine learning model serving framework powered by Rust |
 | [Picologging][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A high-performance logging library for Python. |
@@ -76,13 +77,13 @@ title: Working examples
 | [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
 | [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
 | [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
-| [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
 | [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
+| [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
 | [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
 | [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
+| [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
 | [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
 | [abess][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions. |
-| [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
 | [jq.py][]                         | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for jq |
 | [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
 | [matrixprofile][]                 | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python 3 library making time series data mining tasks, utilizing matrix profile algorithms, accessible to everyone. |
@@ -91,18 +92,18 @@ title: Working examples
 | [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Bindings to libheif library with third party dependencies. Fully automated CI for tests and publishing including Apple Silicon builds. |
 | [keyvi][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | FST based key value index highly optimized for size and lookup performance, utilizes ccache action for improved runtime |
 | [PyGLM][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Fast OpenGL Mathematics (GLM) for Python |
-| [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [power-grid-model][]              | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis |
+| [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
+| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
 | [streaming-form-data][]           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Streaming parser for multipart/form-data written in Cython |
 | [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![android icon][] ![ios icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | setuptools backend with custom CMake step for external sources. SBOM embedded via a custom repair step. |
-| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
 | [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
 | [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
 | [Python-WebRTC][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | a Python extension that provides bindings to WebRTC M92 |
 | [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![pyodide icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
-| [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
 | [Arbor][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Arbor is a multi-compartment neuron simulation library; compatible with next-generation accelerators; best-practices applied to research software; focused on community-driven development. Includes a [small script](https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor/blob/master/scripts/patchwheel.py) patching `rpath` in bundled libraries.  |
+| [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
 | [clang-format][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels. |
 | [polaroid][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Full range of wheels for setuptools rust, with auto release and PyPI deploy. |
 | [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
@@ -121,8 +122,8 @@ title: Working examples
 
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
-[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
+[pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
@@ -158,9 +159,9 @@ title: Working examples
 [Implicit]: https://github.com/benfred/implicit
 [vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
 [coverage.py]: https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy
-[Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
-[PyCryptodome]: https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome
 [PyAV]: https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV
+[PyCryptodome]: https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome
+[Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
 [PyYAML]: https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
 [pikepdf]: https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf
 [numexpr]: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
@@ -177,8 +178,8 @@ title: Working examples
 [google neuroglancer]: https://github.com/google/neuroglancer
 [Parselmouth]: https://github.com/YannickJadoul/Parselmouth
 [H3-py]: https://github.com/uber/h3-py
-[AutoPy]: https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy
 [time-machine]: https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine
+[AutoPy]: https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy
 [DeepForest]: https://github.com/LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
 [mosec]: https://github.com/mosecorg/mosec
 [Picologging]: https://github.com/microsoft/picologging
@@ -187,13 +188,13 @@ title: Working examples
 [pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
 [KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
 [dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
-[tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
 [sourmash]: https://github.com/sourmash-bio/sourmash
+[tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
 [python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
 [pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
+[Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
 [python-snappy]: https://github.com/intake/python-snappy
 [abess]: https://github.com/abess-team/abess
-[Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
 [jq.py]: https://github.com/mwilliamson/jq.py
 [cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
 [matrixprofile]: https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile
@@ -202,18 +203,18 @@ title: Working examples
 [pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
 [keyvi]: https://github.com/KeyviDev/keyvi
 [PyGLM]: https://github.com/Zuzu-Typ/PyGLM
-[iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [power-grid-model]: https://github.com/PowerGridModel/power-grid-model
+[iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
+[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
 [streaming-form-data]: https://github.com/siddhantgoel/streaming-form-data
 [pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
-[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
 [boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
 [bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
 [Python-WebRTC]: https://github.com/MarshalX/python-webrtc
 [pybind11 scikit_build_example]: https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example
-[fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
 [Arbor]: https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor
+[fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
 [clang-format]: https://github.com/ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
 [polaroid]: https://github.com/daggy1234/polaroid
 [ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions

examples/azure-pipelines-minimal.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip3 install cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==4.2.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.2.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -o errexit
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+        pip install cibuildwheel==4.2.0
       displayName: Install dependencies
     - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
       displayName: Build wheels

examples/circleci-minimal.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux wheels.
           command: |
-            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==4.2.0
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Build the Linux aarch64 wheels.
           command: |
-            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==4.2.0
             python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           name: Build the OS X wheels.
           command: |
             sudo softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license  # for x86_64/universal2 tests
-            pip3 install cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+            pip3 install cibuildwheel==4.2.0
             cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
       - store_artifacts:
           path: wheelhouse/

examples/github-deploy.yml

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.0.0rc1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.2.0
         env:
           CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.platform || 'auto' }}
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.archs || 'auto' }}

examples/github-minimal.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.0.0rc1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.2.0
         # env:
         #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
         #   ...

examples/github-pipx.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        run: pipx run cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+        run: pipx run cibuildwheel==4.2.0
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:

examples/github-with-qemu.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
           platforms: all
 
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.0.0rc1
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.2.0
         env:
           # configure cibuildwheel on Linux to build native archs ('auto'),
           # and to split the remaining architectures between the x86_64 and

examples/gitlab-minimal.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ linux:
     DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
   script:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.2.0
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:
     paths:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ windows:
   before_script:
     - choco install python -y --allow-downgrade --version 3.12.4
     - choco install git.install -y
-    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.2.0
   script:
     - py -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform windows
   artifacts:
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ windows:
 macos:
   image: macos-14-xcode-15
   before_script:
-    - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+    - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.2.0
   script:
     - python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
   artifacts:

examples/gitlab-with-qemu.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ linux:
     - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
     # Warning: This is extremely slow, be careful with how many wheels you build
     - docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.0.0rc1
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==4.2.0
     # Assuming your CI runner's default architecture is x86_64...
     - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform linux --archs aarch64
   artifacts:

noxfile.py

@@ -16,9 +16,11 @@ See sessions with `nox -l`
 """
 
 import os
+import re
 import shutil
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 import nox
 
@@ -63,6 +65,59 @@ def tests(session: nox.Session) -> None:
         session.run("pytest", "test", "-x", "--durations", "0", "--timeout=2400", "test")
 
 
+# Packages held back for GraalPy until upstream fixes land. uv pip compile
+# can't express a per-implementation split, so the compiled pin is patched:
+# GraalPy (matching `graalpy_marker`) gets `held`, everything else
+# (`other_marker`) tracks the freshly compiled version.
+GRAALPY_HELD_BACK = (
+    # Newer pip breaks GraalPy on macOS and Windows.
+    {
+        "package": "pip",
+        "held": ("26.1.2", "26.0.1"),
+        "graalpy_marker": (
+            'implementation_name == "graalpy" and platform_system != "Windows"',
+            'implementation_name == "graalpy" and platform_system == "Windows"',
+        ),
+        "other_marker": 'implementation_name != "graalpy"',
+    },
+    # filelock >=3.30 imports errno.ENOTSUP, which GraalPy lacks (fix due ~2026-08).
+    {
+        "package": "filelock",
+        "held": ("3.29.7",),
+        "graalpy_marker": ('implementation_name == "graalpy"',),
+        "other_marker": 'implementation_name != "graalpy"',
+    },
+)
+
+
+def _pin_graalpy_workarounds(output_file: Path) -> None:
+    text = output_file.read_text()
+    for pin in GRAALPY_HELD_BACK:
+        assert isinstance(pin["package"], str)
+        package = re.escape(pin["package"])
+        graalpy_pins = "\n".join(
+            f"{pin['package']}=={pin['held'][i]}; {pin['graalpy_marker'][i]}"
+            for i in range(len(pin["held"]))
+        )
+        text = re.sub(
+            rf"^{package}==(?P<version>[^\s;]+)$",
+            f"{pin['package']}==\\g<version>; {pin['other_marker']}\n{graalpy_pins}",
+            text,
+            flags=re.MULTILINE,
+        )
+    output_file.write_text(text)
+
+
+def _graalpy_python_versions(build_platforms: dict[str, Any]) -> set[str]:
+    """Python minor versions (e.g. "3.12") that ship a GraalPy configuration."""
+    return {
+        ".".join(config["version"].split(".")[:2])
+        for platform in build_platforms.values()
+        for config in platform["python_configurations"]
+        if config["identifier"].startswith("gp")
+    }
+
+
 @nox.session(default=False, tags=["update"])
 def update_constraints(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     """
@@ -79,6 +134,9 @@ def update_constraints(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env["UV_CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND"] = f"nox -s {session.name}"
 
+    build_platforms = nox.project.load_toml(resources / "build-platforms.toml")
+    graalpy_versions = _graalpy_python_versions(build_platforms)
+
     for minor_version in range(9, 16):
         python_version = f"3.{minor_version}"
         output_file = resources / f"constraints-python{python_version.replace('.', '')}.txt"
@@ -92,13 +150,14 @@ def update_constraints(session: nox.Session) -> None:
             f"--output-file={output_file}",
             env=env,
         )
+        if python_version in graalpy_versions:
+            _pin_graalpy_workarounds(output_file)
 
     shutil.copyfile(
         resources / "constraints-python315.txt",
         resources / "constraints.txt",
     )
 
-    build_platforms = nox.project.load_toml(resources / "build-platforms.toml")
     pyodides = build_platforms["pyodide"]["python_configurations"]
     for pyodide in pyodides:
         python_version = ".".join(pyodide["version"].split(".")[:2])
@@ -176,7 +235,9 @@ def docs(session: nox.Session) -> None:
     """
     pyproject = nox.project.load_toml()
     session.install("-e.", *nox.project.dependency_groups(pyproject, "docs"))
-    session.run("mkdocs", "serve" if session.interactive else "build", "--strict", *session.posargs)
+    session.run(
+        "properdocs", "serve" if session.interactive else "build", "--strict", *session.posargs
+    )
 
 
 @nox.session(default=False)

properdocs.yml

@@ -58,3 +58,5 @@ plugins:
       j2_variable_end_string: »
       on_error_fail: true
       on_undefined: strict
+  - intersphinx:
+      project: cibuildwheel

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "cibuildwheel"
-version = "4.0.0rc1"
+version = "4.2.0"
 description = "Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration."
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "BSD-2-Clause"
@@ -45,11 +45,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "filelock",
     "humanize",
     "packaging>=20.9",
-    # patchelf is used for Android
-    "patchelf; (sys_platform == 'linux' or sys_platform == 'darwin') and (platform_machine == 'x86_64' or platform_machine == 'arm64' or platform_machine == 'aarch64')",
     "platformdirs",
-    "pyelftools>=0.29",
-    "wheel>=0.33.6",
 ]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
@@ -70,8 +66,10 @@ Homepage = "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel"
 docs = [
     "jinja2>=3.1.2",
     "mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin==7.1.8",
+    "mkdocs-intersphinx>=0.1.1; python_version >= '3.12'",
     "mkdocs-macros-plugin>=1.4.1",
-    "mkdocs==1.6.1",
+    "properdocs==1.6.7",
+    "properdocs-theme-readthedocs",
     "pymdown-extensions",
     "rich",
 ]

test/conftest.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import dataclasses
 import json
 import os
 import subprocess
@@ -12,14 +13,16 @@ from cibuildwheel.ci import detect_ci_provider
 from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments, Options
 from cibuildwheel.selector import EnableGroup
 from cibuildwheel.typing import PLATFORMS
+from cibuildwheel.util.resources import PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES
 from cibuildwheel.venv import find_uv
 
 from . import utils
-from .utils import DEFAULT_CIBW_ENABLE, EMULATED_ARCHS, get_platform
+from .utils import DEFAULT_CIBW_ENABLE, EMULATED_ARCHS, get_enable_groups, get_platform
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Generator
+    from pathlib import Path
 
 
 def pytest_addoption(parser: pytest.Parser) -> None:
@@ -74,7 +77,19 @@ def pytest_configure(config: pytest.Config) -> None:
         os.environ["CIBW_PLATFORM"] = flag_platform
 
 
-def docker_warmup(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> None:
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class DockerWarmUpImage:
+    source_name: str
+    cached_name: str
+
+
+def get_docker_warmup_images(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> list[DockerWarmUpImage] | None:
+    enable_groups = get_enable_groups()
+    # Check missing pre-installed interpreters are needed
+    enable_groups &= {EnableGroup.GraalPy, EnableGroup.PyPyEoL}
+    if not enable_groups:
+        return None
+
     machine = request.config.getoption("--run-emulation", default=None)
     if machine is None:
         archs = {arch.value for arch in Architecture.auto_archs("linux")}
@@ -86,7 +101,7 @@ def docker_warmup(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> None:
     # Only include architectures where there are missing pre-installed interpreters
     archs &= {"x86_64", "i686", "aarch64"}
     if not archs:
-        return
+        return None
 
     options = Options(
         platform="linux",
@@ -96,17 +111,28 @@ def docker_warmup(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> None:
     )
     build_options = options.build_options(None)
     assert build_options.manylinux_images is not None
-    assert build_options.musllinux_images is not None
-    images = [build_options.manylinux_images[arch] for arch in archs] + [
-        build_options.musllinux_images[arch] for arch in archs
-    ]
+    images: list[DockerWarmUpImage] = []
+    for arch in archs:
+        source_name = build_options.manylinux_images[arch]
+        cached_name = source_name
+        if "@sha256:" in source_name:
+            cached_name = source_name.rsplit("@sha256:", 1)[0] + ":cibw_cache_fixture"
+        images.append(DockerWarmUpImage(source_name, cached_name))
+    if images:
+        return images
+    return None
+
+
+def docker_warmup(images: list[DockerWarmUpImage], docker_warmup_config: Path) -> None:
     command = (
         "manylinux-interpreters ensure-all &&"
         "cpython3.13 -m pip download -d /tmp setuptools wheel pytest"
     )
+    config_content = PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES.read_text()
     for image in images:
+        config_content = config_content.replace(image.source_name, image.cached_name)
         container_id = subprocess.run(
-            ["docker", "create", image, "bash", "-c", command],
+            ["docker", "create", image.source_name, "bash", "-c", command],
             text=True,
             check=True,
             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
@@ -118,37 +144,48 @@ def docker_warmup(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> None:
             ).stdout.strip()
             assert exit_code == "0"
             subprocess.run(
-                ["docker", "commit", container_id, image], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL
+                ["docker", "commit", container_id, image.cached_name],
+                check=True,
+                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
             )
         finally:
             subprocess.run(["docker", "rm", container_id], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+    docker_warmup_config.write_text(config_content)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
 def docker_warmup_fixture(
     request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmp_path_factory: pytest.TempPathFactory, worker_id: str
-) -> None:
+) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
     # if we're in CI testing linux, let's warm-up docker images
     if detect_ci_provider() is None or get_platform() != "linux":
-        return None
-    if request.config.getoption("--run-emulation", default=None) is not None:
+        images = None
+    elif request.config.getoption("--run-emulation", default=None) is not None:
         # emulation tests only run one test in CI, caching the image only slows down the test
-        return None
+        images = None
+    else:
+        images = get_docker_warmup_images(request)
+    if images is None:
+        yield None
+        return
 
     if worker_id == "master":
         # not executing with multiple workers
         # it might be unsafe to write to tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp().parent
-        return docker_warmup(request)
+        docker_warmup_config = tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp() / "docker_warmup.cfg"
+        docker_warmup(images, docker_warmup_config)
+    else:
+        # get the temp directory shared by all workers
+        root_tmp_dir = tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp().parent
 
-    # get the temp directory shared by all workers
-    root_tmp_dir = tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp().parent
+        docker_warmup_config = root_tmp_dir / "docker_warmup.cfg"
+        with FileLock(str(docker_warmup_config) + ".lock"):
+            if not docker_warmup_config.is_file():
+                docker_warmup(images, docker_warmup_config)
 
-    fn = root_tmp_dir / "warmup.done"
-    with FileLock(str(fn) + ".lock"):
-        if not fn.is_file():
-            docker_warmup(request)
-            fn.write_text("done")
-    return None
+    with pytest.MonkeyPatch.context() as monkeypatch:
+        monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_INTERNAL_PINNED_DOCKER_IMAGES", str(docker_warmup_config))
+        yield None
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(params=["pip", "build"])
@@ -157,8 +194,8 @@ def build_frontend_env_nouv(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> dict[str, str]:
     marks = {m.name for m in request.node.iter_markers()}
 
     platform = "pyodide" if "pyodide" in marks else get_platform()
-    if platform == "pyodide" and frontend == "pip":
-        pytest.skip("Can't use pip as build frontend for pyodide platform")
+    if platform == "pyodide":
+        pytest.skip("pyodide only supports the pyodide-build frontend")
 
     return {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": frontend}
 
@@ -176,10 +213,10 @@ def build_frontend_env(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> Generator[dict[str, st
     else:
         platform = get_platform()
 
-    if platform in {"pyodide", "ios", "android"} and frontend == "pip":
+    if platform == "pyodide":
+        pytest.skip("pyodide only supports the pyodide-build frontend")
+    if platform in {"ios", "android"} and frontend == "pip":
         pytest.skip(f"Can't use pip as build frontend for {platform}")
-    if platform == "pyodide" and frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}:
-        pytest.skip("Can't use uv with pyodide yet")
     uv_path = find_uv()
     if uv_path is None and frontend in {"build[uv]", "uv"}:
         pytest.skip("Can't find uv, so skipping uv tests")

test/test_0_basic.py

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ def test_dummy_serial() -> None:
     """
 
 
+@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=2, reruns_delay=5)
 def test(
     tmp_path: Path, build_frontend_env: dict[str, str], capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
 ) -> None:

test/test_abi_variants.py

@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ def test_abi3(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         project_dir,
         add_env={
             # free_threaded, GraalPy, and PyPy do not have a Py_LIMITED_API equivalent, just build one of those
-            # pyodide uses cp313 (the stable version) which supports limited API / abi3
+            # pyodide uses cp314 (the latest stable version) which supports limited API / abi3
             # also limit the number of builds for test performance reasons
             "CIBW_BUILD": (
-                "cp313-*"
+                "cp314-*"
                 if utils.get_platform() == "pyodide"
-                else "cp39-* cp310-* pp310-* gp312_250-* cp312-* cp314t-*"
+                else "cp39-* cp310-* pp311-* gp312_250-* cp312-* cp314t-*"
             ),
             "CIBW_ENABLE": "all",
         },
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def test_abi3(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 "cp39-cp39",
                 "cp310-abi3",  # <-- ABI3, works with 3.10 and 3.12
                 "cp314-cp314t",
-                "pp310-pypy310_pp73",
+                "pp311-pypy311_pp73",
                 "graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native",
             ],
         )
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ def test_abi_none(tmp_path: Path, capfd: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
             "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": "pytest",
             "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": f"{utils.invoke_pytest()} {{project}}/test",
             # limit the number of builds for test performance reasons
-            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-* cp{}{}-* cp314t-* pp310-*".format(*utils.SINGLE_PYTHON_VERSION),
+            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-* cp{}{}-* cp314t-* pp311-*".format(*utils.SINGLE_PYTHON_VERSION),
             "CIBW_ENABLE": "all",
         },
     )