Bump version: v2.11.2

Merge pull request #1311 from henryiii/henryiii/fix/rootpip2
fix: hide root pip warning and upgrade check
2022-10-26 19:58:06 +01:00 · 2022-10-26 19:45:43 +01:00 · 2022-10-26 19:44:32 +01:00 · 2022-10-26 19:41:27 +01:00 · 2022-10-26 19:40:40 +01:00 · 2022-10-26 09:47:17 -04:00
140 changed files with 4762 additions and 1568 deletions
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 version: 2
 jobs:
-  osx-python3.6:
+  osx-python3.9:
    macos:
      xcode: 12.5.1
    environment:
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ jobs:
          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
          no_output_timeout: 30m
-  linux-python3.6:
+  linux-python3.9:
    docker:
-      - image: circleci/python:3.6
+      - image: circleci/python:3.9
    environment:
      PYTHON: python3
      # Temporarily restrict the tests that are run on CircleCI to prevent
@@ -37,9 +37,30 @@ jobs:
          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
          no_output_timeout: 30m
  linux-aarch64:
    machine:
       image: ubuntu-2004:2022.04.1
    resource_class: arm.medium
    environment:
      PYTHON: python3
      # Temporarily restrict the tests that are run on CircleCI to prevent
      # test timeouts.
      PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or main_tests or test_0_basic or test_docker_images"
    steps:
      - checkout
      - run:
          name: Prepare the environment.
          command: bash .circleci/prepare.sh
      - run:
          name: Test.
          command: venv/bin/python ./bin/run_tests.py
          no_output_timeout: 30m
 workflows:
  version: 2
  all-tests:
    jobs:
-      - osx-python3.6
+      - osx-python3.9
-      - linux-python3.6
+      - linux-python3.9
      - linux-aarch64
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
 run_tests: &RUN_TESTS
  install_cibuildwheel_script:
    - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
  run_cibuildwheel_tests_script:
    - python ./bin/run_tests.py
 linux_x86_task:
  timeout_in: 120m
  compute_engine_instance:
    image_project: cirrus-images
    image: family/docker-builder
    platform: linux
    cpu: 8
    memory: 8G
  install_pre_requirements_script:
    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
  <<: *RUN_TESTS
 linux_aarch64_task:
  compute_engine_instance:
    image_project: cirrus-images
    image: family/docker-builder-arm64
    architecture: arm64
    platform: linux
    cpu: 4
    memory: 4G
  install_pre_requirements_script:
    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
  <<: *RUN_TESTS
 windows_x86_task:
  # The task takes ~55 minutes while the timeout happens
  # after 60 minutes by default, let's allow some wiggle room.
  timeout_in: 120m
  windows_container:
    image: cirrusci/windowsservercore:visualstudio2022
    cpu: 8
    memory: 8G
  install_pre_requirements_script:
    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.10.6
    - refreshenv
    - echo PATH=%PATH% >> "%CIRRUS_ENV%"
  <<: *RUN_TESTS
 macos_arm64_task:
  macos_instance:
    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
  env:
    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
  install_pre_requirements_script:
    - brew install python@3.10
    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
  <<: *RUN_TESTS
 macos_arm64_cp38_task:
  macos_instance:
    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
  env:
    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: --run-cp38-universal2 -k 'test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer or test_arch_auto'
  install_pre_requirements_script:
    - brew install python@3.10
    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
    - curl -fsSLO https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
    - sudo installer -pkg python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg -target /
    - rm python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
    - sh "/Applications/Python 3.8/Install Certificates.command"
  <<: *RUN_TESTS
@@ -5,6 +5,3 @@ updates:
    directory: "/"
    schedule:
      interval: "weekly"
    ignore:
      - dependency-name: "actions/*"
        update-types: ["version-update:semver-minor", "version-update:semver-patch"]
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
        name: artifact
        path: dist
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.0
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.1
      with:
        user: __token__
        password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-    - uses: pre-commit/action@v2.0.3
+      with:
        python-version: "3.x"
    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.0
    - name: Check manifest
      run: pipx run nox -s check_manifest
    - name: PyLint checks
@@ -35,40 +37,52 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-11]
+        os: [ubuntu-18.04, windows-latest, macos-11]
-        python_version: ['3.10']
+        python_version: ['3.11']
    timeout-minutes: 180
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
      name: Install Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
      with:
        python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
    # Install podman on this CI instance for podman tests on linux
    # Snippet from: https://github.com/redhat-actions/podman-login/blob/main/.github/workflows/example.yml
    - name: Install latest podman
      if: runner.os == 'Linux'
      run: |
        . /etc/os-release
        echo "deb https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_${VERSION_ID}/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.list
        curl -sSfL "https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_${VERSION_ID}/Release.key" | sudo apt-key add -
        sudo apt-get update
        sudo apt-get -y upgrade
        sudo apt-get -y install podman
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        python -m pip install ".[test]"
-    - name: Sample build
+    - name: Generate a sample project
      if: "contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'CI: Sample build')"
      run: |
        python bin/sample_build.py
    - name: Get some sample wheels
      run: |
        python -m test.test_projects test.test_0_basic.basic_project sample_proj
-        cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse sample_proj
+
    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
      uses: ./
      with:
        package-dir: sample_proj
        output-dir: wheelhouse
      env:
        CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2 arm64
    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
      with:
-        name: sample_wheels
+        name: sample_wheels_action
        path: wheelhouse
    - name: Test cibuildwheel
      run: |
-        python ./bin/run_tests.py
+        python ./bin/run_tests.py --run-podman
  test-emulated:
    name: Test emulated cibuildwheel using qemu
@@ -77,14 +91,16 @@ jobs:
    timeout-minutes: 180
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
      with:
        python-version: "3.x"
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        python -m pip install ".[test]"
    - name: Set up QEMU
      id: qemu
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
      with:
        platforms: all
@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
 name: Update dependencies
 on:
  pull_request:
    paths:
      - '.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml'
      - 'bin/update_pythons.py'
      - 'bin/update_docker.py'
      - 'bin/update_virtualenv.py'
      - 'bin/projects.py'
      - 'docs/data/projects.yml'
      - 'noxfile.py'
  workflow_dispatch:
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 6 * * 1'  # "At 06:00 on Monday."
@@ -12,7 +21,10 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: excitedleigh/setup-nox@v2.0.0
+
    - uses: wntrblm/nox@2022.8.7
      with:
        python-versions: "3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11-dev"
    - name: "Run update: dependencies"
      run: nox --force-color -s update_constraints
@@ -41,5 +53,7 @@ jobs:
          PR generated by "Update dependencies" [workflow](https://github.com/${{github.repository}}/actions/runs/${{github.run_id}}).
        branch: update-dependencies-pr
        committer: "cibuildwheel-bot[bot] <83877280+cibuildwheel-bot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>"
        author: "cibuildwheel-bot[bot] <83877280+cibuildwheel-bot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>"
        token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
        delete-branch: true
@@ -17,3 +17,16 @@ linux:
    - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
    - python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
    - python ./bin/run_tests.py
 windows:
  image: mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:1809
  variables:
    PYTEST_ADDOPTS: -k "unit_test or test_0_basic" --suppress-no-test-exit-code
  before_script:
    - choco install python -y --version 3.8.6
  script:
    - py -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
    - py -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform windows
    - py bin\run_tests.py
  tags:
    - windows
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 repos:
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  rev: v4.2.0
+  rev: v4.3.0
  hooks:
  - id: check-case-conflict
  - id: check-merge-conflict
@@ -14,20 +14,15 @@ repos:
  - id: trailing-whitespace
 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-  rev: v2.32.0
+  rev: v3.1.0
  hooks:
  - id: pyupgrade
    name: PyUpgrade 3.6+
    args: ["--py36-plus"]
    exclude: ^bin/
  - id: pyupgrade
    name: PyUpgrade 3.7+ on bin
    exclude: ^(cibuildwheel|unit_test|test)/
    args: ["--py37-plus"]
    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
 # Autoremoves unused imports
 - repo: https://github.com/hadialqattan/pycln
-  rev: v1.3.1
+  rev: v2.1.1
  hooks:
  - id: pycln
    args: [--all]
@@ -37,30 +32,34 @@ repos:
  rev: 5.10.1
  hooks:
  - id: isort
    args: ["-a", "from __future__ import annotations"]
    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
 - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-  rev: 22.3.0
+  rev: 22.10.0
  hooks:
  - id: black
 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/setup-cfg-fmt
-  rev: v1.20.1
+  rev: v2.1.0
  hooks:
  - id: setup-cfg-fmt
    args: [--include-version-classifiers, --max-py-version=3.11]
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-  rev: v0.942
+  rev: v0.982
  hooks:
  - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.6 on cibuildwheel/
+    name: mypy 3.7 on cibuildwheel/
-    exclude: ^(bin|cibuildwheel/resources|docs)/.*py$
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.6"]
+    args: ["--python-version=3.7"]
    additional_dependencies: &mypy-dependencies
      - nox
      - packaging>=21.0
      - pygithub
      - rich
      - tomli
      - tomli_w
      - types-certifi
      - types-click
      - types-dataclasses
@@ -69,28 +68,23 @@ repos:
      - types-requests
      - bracex
      - dataclasses
  - id: mypy
    name: mypy 3.7+ on bin/
    files: ^((bin|docs)/.*py)$
    args: ["--python-version=3.7"]
    additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
  - id: mypy
    name: mypy 3.10
    args: ["--python-version=3.10"]
    additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
 - repo: https://github.com/asottile/yesqa
-  rev: v1.3.0
+  rev: v1.4.0
  hooks:
  - id: yesqa
    additional_dependencies: &flake8-dependencies
    - flake8-bugbear
 - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
-  rev: 4.0.1
+  rev: 5.0.4
  hooks:
  - id: flake8
-    exclude: cibuildwheel/resources/
+    exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/
    additional_dependencies: *flake8-dependencies
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks
@@ -115,6 +109,7 @@ repos:
    entry: PyBind|Numpy|Cmake|Github|PyTest
    types:
    - markdown
    exclude: ^docs/working-examples\.md$  # Autogenerated
  - id: update-readme-changelog
    name: Update README changelog
    language: python
@@ -122,7 +117,8 @@ repos:
    files: ^docs/changelog.md$
 - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-  rev: v2.1.0
+  rev: v2.2.2
  hooks:
  - id: codespell
    args: ["-L", "sur"]
    exclude: ^docs/working-examples\.md$  # Autogenerated
@@ -8,21 +8,21 @@ branches:
 jobs:
  include:
-    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.6
+    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.7
-      python: 3.6
+      python: 3.7
      services: docker
      env: PYTHON=python
-    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.6
+    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.7
-      python: 3.6
+      python: 3.7
      services: docker
      arch: arm64-graviton2
      group: edge
      virt: vm
      env: PYTHON=python
-    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.6
+    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.7
-      python: 3.6
+      python: 3.7
      services: docker
      arch: ppc64le
      allow_failure: True
@@ -32,18 +32,18 @@ jobs:
        # c.f. https://travis-ci.community/t/running-out-of-disk-space-quota-when-using-docker-on-ppc64le/11634
        - PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "not test_manylinuxXXXX_only"'
-    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.6
+    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.7
      os: windows
      language: shell
      before_install:
-        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.6.8 --limit-output
+        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.7.9 --limit-output
        # Update root certificates to fix SSL error; see http://www.chawn.com/RootCerts.htm
        - powershell "md C:\temp\certs; CertUtil -generateSSTFromWU C:\temp\certs\RootStore.sst; Get-ChildItem -Path C:\\temp\certs\Rootstore.sst | Import-Certificate -CertStoreLocation Cert:\\LocalMachine\\Root\\ | out-null"
      env:
-        - PYTHON=C:\\Python36\\python
+        - PYTHON=C:\\Python37\\python
-    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.6
+    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.7
-      python: 3.6
+      python: 3.7
      services: docker
      arch: s390x
      env: PYTHON=python
@@ -52,4 +52,11 @@ install:
 - $PYTHON -m pip install -U pip
 - $PYTHON -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-custom-exit-code
-script: $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py
+script: |
  # travis_wait disable the output while waiting
  # use the same kind of tricks as in multibuild
  (while true; do echo "travis_keep_alive"; sleep 300; done) &
  SPINNER_PID=$!
  disown
  $PYTHON ./bin/run_tests.py
  kill -9 ${SPINNER_PID}
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 This is a summary of the Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
-|          | 3.6                          | 3.7                         | 3.8              |
+|         | 3.7                   | 3.8                      | 3.9      | 3.10      | 3.11           |
-|----------|------------------------------|-----------------------------|------------------|
+|---------|-----------------------|--------------------------|----------|-----------|----------------|
-| Linux    | Travis CI / CircleCI         | AppVeyor¹ / GitHub Actions  | Azure Pipelines  |
+| Linux   | AppVeyor¹ / Travis CI | Azure Pipelines / GitLab | CircleCI | Cirrus CI | GitHub Actions |
-| macOS    | CircleCI                     | AppVeyor¹ / GitHub Actions  | Azure Pipelines  |
+| macOS   | AppVeyor¹ / Travis CI | Azure Pipelines          | CircleCI | Cirrus CI | GitHub Actions |
-| Windows  | Travis CI / Azure Pipelines  | AppVeyor¹ / GitHub Actions  | Azure Pipelines  |
+| Windows | AppVeyor¹ / Travis CI | Azure Pipelines          |          | Cirrus CI | GitHub Actions |
 > ¹ AppVeyor only runs the "basic" test to reduce load.
-Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.6.
+Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.7.
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ cibuildwheel
 [![Appveyor status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/gt3vwl88yt0y3hur/branch/main?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/joerick/cibuildwheel/branch/main)
 [![CircleCI Status](https://img.shields.io/circleci/build/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=circleci)](https://circleci.com/gh/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [![Azure Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/pypa.cibuildwheel?branchName=main)](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=4&branchName=main)
 [![Cirrus CI Status](https://img.shields.io/cirrus/github/pypa/cibuildwheel/main?logo=cirrusci)](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel)
 [Documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.org)
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ What does it do?
 | CPython 3.8   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
 | CPython 3.9   | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅³ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
 | CPython 3.10  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
 | CPython 3.11  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | ✅  | ✅² | ✅ | ✅  | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  |
 | PyPy 3.7 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
 | PyPy 3.8 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
 | PyPy 3.9 v7.3 | ✅ | N/A | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A |
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ What does it do?
 <sup>³ Alpine 3.14 and very briefly 3.15's default python3 [was not able to load](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/934) musllinux wheels. This has been fixed; please upgrade the python package if using Alpine from before the fix.</sup><br>
 - Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS 10.9+, and Windows wheels for CPython and PyPy
- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, and GitLab CI
+- Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
 - Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS through [auditwheel](https://github.com/pypa/auditwheel) and [delocate](https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
 - Runs your library's tests against the wheel-installed version of your library
@@ -49,16 +51,20 @@ Usage
 `cibuildwheel` runs inside a CI service. Supported platforms depend on which service you're using:
-|                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM |
+|                 | Linux | macOS | Windows | Linux ARM | macOS ARM | Windows ARM |
-|-----------------|-------|-------|---------|--------------|
+|-----------------|-------|-------|---------|-----------|-----------|-------------|
-| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅¹          |
+| GitHub Actions  | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      | ✅¹       | ✅²       | ✅⁴         |
-| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |              |
+| Azure Pipelines | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |           | ✅²       | ✅⁴         |
-| Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅           |
+| Travis CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅        |           |             |
-| AppVeyor        | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |              |
+| AppVeyor        | ✅    | ✅    | ✅      |           | ✅²       | ✅⁴         |
-| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         |              |
+| CircleCI        | ✅    | ✅    |         | ✅        | ✅²       |             |
-| Gitlab CI       | ✅    |       |         |              |
+| Gitlab CI       | ✅    |       | ✅      | ✅¹       |           |             |
 | Cirrus CI       | ✅    | ✅³   | ✅      | ✅        | ✅        |             |
 <sup>¹ [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
 <sup>² [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#universal2). It is not possible to test `arm64` and the `arm64` part of a `universal2` wheel on this CI platform.</sup><br>
 <sup>³ [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#universal2). Thanks to Rosetta 2 emulation, it is possible to test `x86_64` and both parts of a `universal2` wheel on this CI platform.</sup><br>
 <sup>⁴ [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup>
 <!--intro-end-->
@@ -78,16 +84,16 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macOS-10.15]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macOS-11]
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      # Used to host cibuildwheel
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
      - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+        run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
      - name: Build wheels
        run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -95,13 +101,22 @@ jobs:
        # env:
        #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 For more information, including PyPI deployment, and the use of other CI services or the dedicated GitHub Action, check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.org) and the [examples](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/tree/main/examples).
 How it works
 ------------
 The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platform.
 ![](docs/data/how-it-works.png)
 <sup>Explore an interactive version of this diagram [in the docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#how-it-works).</sup>
 Options
 -------
@@ -117,8 +132,9 @@ Options
 |   | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#environment-pass)  | Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build. |
 |   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-all)  | Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built. |
 |   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-build)  | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
-|   | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command)  | Execute a shell command to repair each (non-pure Python) built wheel |
+|   | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command)  | Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel |
 |   | [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`<br/>`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image)  | Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux Docker images |
 |   | [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine)  | Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels |
 |   | [`CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions)  | Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses |
 | **Testing** | [`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#test-command)  | Execute a shell command to test each built wheel |
 |   | [`CIBW_BEFORE_TEST`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#before-test)  | Execute a shell command before testing each wheel |
@@ -141,23 +157,23 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 | Name                              | CI | OS | Notes |
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [Tornado][]                       | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
 | [Tornado][]                       | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [pydantic][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Data parsing and validation using Python type hints |
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [pydantic]: https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic
@@ -168,6 +184,7 @@ Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.
 [circleci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/circleci.svg
 [gitlab icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/gitlab.svg
 [travisci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/travisci.svg
 [cirrusci icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/cirrusci.svg
 [windows icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/windows.svg
 [apple icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/apple.svg
 [linux icon]: docs/data/readme_icons/linux.svg
@@ -192,54 +209,50 @@ Changelog
 <!-- this section was generated by bin/update_readme_changelog.py -- do not edit manually -->
-### v2.5.0
+### v2.11.2
-_29 April 2022_
+_26 October 2022_
- ✨ Added support for building ABI3 wheels. cibuildwheel will now recognise when an ABI3 wheel was produced, and skip subsequent build steps where the previously built wheel is compatible. Tests still will run on all selected versions of Python, using the ABI3 wheel. (#1091)
+- 🛠 Updates CPython 3.11 to 3.11.0 - final release (#1327)
- ✨ You can now build wheels directly from sdist archives, in addition to source directories. Just call cibuildwheel with an sdist argument on the command line, like `cibuildwheel mypackage-1.0.0.tar.gz` (#1096)
+- 🛠 Simplify the default macOS repair command (#1322)
- 🐛 Fix a bug where cibuildwheel would crash when no builds are selected and `--allow-empty` is passed (#1086)
+- 🛠 Fix the default `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` on arm64 (#1312)
- 🐛 Workaround a permissions issue on Linux relating to newer versions of git and setuptools_scm (#1095)
+- 🛠 Hide irrelevant pip warnings on linux (#1311)
- 📚 Minor docs improvements
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that caused the stdout and stderr of commands in containers to be in the wrong order Previously, stdout could appear after stderr. (#1324)
 - 📚 Added [a FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#macos-building-cpython-38-wheels-on-arm64) describing how to perform native builds of CPython 3.8 wheels on Apple Silicon. (#1323)
 - 📚 Other docs improvements
-### v2.4.0
+### v2.11.1
-_2 April 2022_
+_13 October 2022_
- ✨ cibuildwheel now supports running locally on Windows and macOS (as well as Linux). On macOS, you'll have to install the versions of Pythons that you want to use from Python.org, and cibuildwheel will use them. On Windows, cibuildwheel will install it's own versions of Python. Check out [the documentation](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#local) for instructions. (#974)
+- 🛠 Updates to the latest manylinux images, and updates CPython 3.10 to 3.10.8.
 - ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.9 wheels. (#1031)
 - ✨ Listing at the end of the build now displays the size of each wheel (#975)
 - 🐛 Workaround a connection timeout bug on Travis CI ppc64le runners (#906)
 - 🐛 Fix an encoding error when reading setup.py in the wrong encoding (#977)
 - 🛠 Setuptools updated to 61.3.0, including experimental support for reading config from pyproject.toml(PEP 621). This could change the behaviour of your build if you have a pyproject.toml with a `[project]` table, because that takes precedence over setup.py and setup.cfg. Check out the [setuptools docs](https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/pyproject_config.html) and the [project metadata specification](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/declaring-project-metadata/) for more info.
 - 🛠 Many other dependency updates.
 - 📚 Minor docs improvements
-### v2.3.1
+### v2.11.0
-_14 December 2021_
+_13 October 2022_
- 🐛 Setting pip options like `PIP_USE_DEPRECATED` in `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` no longer adversely affects cibuildwheel's ability to set up a Python environment (#956)
+- 🌟 Adds support for cross-compiling Windows ARM64 wheels. To use this feature, add `ARM64` to the [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs) option on a Windows Intel runner. (#1144)
- 📚 Docs fixes and improvements
+- ✨ Adds support for building Linux aarch64 wheels on Circle CI. (#1307)
 - ✨ Adds support for building Windows wheels on Gitlab CI. (#1295)
 - ✨ Adds support for building Linux aarch64 wheels under emulation on Gitlab CI. (#1295)
 - ✨ Adds the ability to test `cp38-macosx_arm64` wheels on a native arm64 runner. To do this, you'll need to preinstall the (experimental) [universal2 version of CPython 3.8](https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg) on your arm64 runner before invoking cibuildwheel. Note: it is not recommended to build x86_64 wheels with this setup, your wheels will have limited compatibility wrt macOS versions. (#1283)
 - 🛠 Improved error messages when using custom Docker images and Python cannot be found at the correct path. (#1298)
 - 📚 Sample configs for Azure Pipelines and Travis CI updated (#1296)
 - 📚 Other docs improvements - including more information about using Homebrew for build dependencies (#1290)
-### v2.3.0
+### v2.10.2
-_26 November 2021_
+_25 September 2022_
- 📈 cibuildwheel now defaults to manylinux2014 image for linux builds, rather than manylinux2010. If you want to stick with manylinux2010, it's simple to set this using [the image options](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image). (#926)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that caused `win32` identifiers to fail when used with `--only`. (#1282)
- ✨ You can now pass environment variables from the host machine into the Docker container during a Linux build. Check out [the docs for `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX `](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/options/#environment-pass) for the details. (#914)
+- 🐛 Fix computation of `auto`/`auto64`/`auto32` archs when targeting a different platform to the one that you're running cibuildwheel on. (#1266)
- ✨ Added support for building PyPy 3.8 wheels. (#881)
+- 📚 Fix an mistake in the 'how it works' diagram. (#1274)
 - ✨ Added support for building Windows arm64 CPython wheels on a Windows arm64 runner. We can't test this in CI yet, so for now, this is experimental. (#920)
 - 📚 Improved the deployment documentation (#911)
 - 🛠 Changed the escaping behaviour inside cibuildwheel's  option placeholders e.g. `{project}` in `before_build` or `{dest_dir}` in `repair_wheel_command`. This allows bash syntax like `${SOME_VAR}` to passthrough without being interpreted as a placeholder by cibuildwheel. See [this section](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#placeholders) in the docs for more info. (#889)
 - 🛠 Pip updated to 21.3, meaning it now defaults to in-tree builds again. If this causes an issue with your project, setting environment variable `PIP_USE_DEPRECATED=out-of-tree-build` is available as a temporary flag to restore the old behaviour. However, be aware that this flag will probably be removed soon. (#881)
 - 🐛 You can now access the current Python interpreter using `python3` within a build on Windows (#917)
-### v2.2.2
+### v2.10.1
-_26 October 2021_
+_18 September 2022_
- 🐛 Fix bug in the GitHub Action step causing a syntax error (#895)
+- 🐛 Fix a bug that stopped environment variables specified in TOML from being expanded. (#1273)
 <!-- END bin/update_readme_changelog.py -->
@@ -265,6 +278,7 @@ Maintainers
 - Yannick Jadoul [@YannickJadoul](https://github.com/YannickJadoul)
 - Matthieu Darbois [@mayeut](https://github.com/mayeut)
 - Henry Schreiner [@henryiii](https://github.com/henryiii)
 - Grzegorz Bokota [@Czaki](https://github.com/Czaki)
 Credits
 -------
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ inputs:
    description: 'File containing the config, defaults to {package}/pyproject.toml'
    required: false
    default: ''
  only:
    description: 'Build a specific wheel only. No need for arch/platform if this is set'
    required: false
    default: ''
 branding:
  icon: package
  color: yellow
@@ -20,14 +24,22 @@ branding:
 runs:
  using: composite
  steps:
    # Set up a non-EOL, cibuildwheel & pipx supported Python version
    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
      id: python
      with:
        python-version: "3.7 - 3.11"
        update-environment: false
    # Redirecting stderr to stdout to fix interleaving issue in Actions.
    - run: >
        pipx run
        --python '${{ steps.python.outputs.python-path }}'
        --spec '${{ github.action_path }}'
        cibuildwheel
        ${{ inputs.package-dir }}
        --output-dir ${{ inputs.output-dir }}
        --config-file "${{ inputs.config-file }}"
        --only "${{ inputs.only }}"
        2>&1
      shell: bash
@@ -1,34 +1,23 @@
 jobs:
 - job: linux_38
  timeoutInMinutes: 120
-  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-18.04'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-20.04'}
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
      inputs:
        versionSpec: '3.8'
    - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-azurepipelines
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
        python ./bin/run_tests.py
 - job: macos_38
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-10.15'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-11'}
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
      inputs:
        versionSpec: '3.8'
    - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-azurepipelines
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
        python ./bin/run_tests.py
 - job: windows_36
  pool: {vmImage: 'windows-2019'}
  timeoutInMinutes: 180
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
      inputs:
        versionSpec: '3.6'
    - bash: |
        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-azurepipelines
        python ./bin/run_tests.py
 - job: windows_38
@@ -39,5 +28,5 @@ jobs:
      inputs:
        versionSpec: '3.8'
    - bash: |
-        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" pytest-azurepipelines
+        python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
        python ./bin/run_tests.py
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ def bump_version() -> None:
    print()
    release_url = "https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/releases/new?" + urllib.parse.urlencode(
-        {"tag": new_version}
+        {"tag": f"v{new_version}"}
    )
    print("Then create a release at the URL:")
    print(f"    {release_url}")
@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """
 Check known projects for usage of requires-python.
 Usage:
    ./bin/inspect_all_known_projects.py --online=$GITHUB_TOKEN
 This will cache the results to all_known_setup.yaml; you can reprint
 the results without the `--online` setting.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 import ast
@@ -7,7 +20,7 @@ from typing import Iterator
 import click
 import yaml
-from ghapi.core import GhApi, HTTP404NotFoundError
+from github import Github, GithubException
 from rich import print
 from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import Analyzer
@@ -47,33 +60,38 @@ def check_repo(name: str, contents: str) -> str:
 class MaybeRemote:
-    def __init__(self, cached_file: Path | str, *, online: bool) -> None:
+    github: Github | None
-        self.online = online
+    contents: dict[str, dict[str, str | None]]
-        if self.online:
+
-            self.contents: dict[str, dict[str, str | None]] = {
+    def __init__(self, cached_file: Path | str, *, online: str | None) -> None:
        if online is not None:
            self.github = Github(online)
            self.contents = {
                "setup.py": {},
                "setup.cfg": {},
                "pyproject.toml": {},
            }
        else:
            self.github = None
            with open(cached_file) as f:
                self.contents = yaml.safe_load(f)
    def get(self, repo: str, filename: str) -> str | None:
-        if self.online:
+        if self.github:
            try:
-                self.contents[filename][repo] = (
+                gh_file = self.github.get_repo(repo).get_contents(filename)
-                    GhApi(*repo.split("/")).get_content(filename).decode()
+            except GithubException:
                )
            except HTTP404NotFoundError:
                self.contents[filename][repo] = None
            else:
                assert not isinstance(gh_file, list)
                self.contents[filename][repo] = gh_file.decoded_content.decode(encoding="utf-8")
            return self.contents[filename][repo]
        elif repo in self.contents[filename]:
            return self.contents[filename][repo]
        else:
-            raise RuntimeError(
+            msg = f"Trying to access {repo}:{filename} and not in cache, rebuild cache"
-                f"Trying to access {repo}:{filename} and not in cache, rebuild cache"
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
            )
    def save(self, filename: Path | str) -> None:
        with open(filename, "w") as f:
@@ -87,8 +105,8 @@ class MaybeRemote:
@click.command()
-@click.option("--online", is_flag=True, help="Remember to set GITHUB_TOKEN")
+@click.option("--online", help="Set to $GITHUB_TOKEN")
-def main(online: bool) -> None:
+def main(online: str | None) -> None:
    with open(DIR / "../docs/data/projects.yml") as f:
        known = yaml.safe_load(f)
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ ICONS = (
    "circleci",
    "gitlab",
    "travisci",
    "cirrusci",
    "windows",
    "apple",
    "linux",
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ services = [
    CIService(
        name="appveyor",
        dst_config_path="appveyor.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/wbsgxshp05tt1tif/branch/{branch}?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/pypa/cibuildwheel/branch/{branch})",
+        badge_md="[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/gt3vwl88yt0y3hur/branch/{branch}?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/joerick/cibuildwheel/branch/{branch})",
    ),
    CIService(
        name="azure-pipelines",
        dst_config_path="azure-pipelines.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Build Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/joerick.cibuildwheel?branchName={branch})](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=2&branchName={branch})",
+        badge_md="[![Build Status](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_apis/build/status/pypa.cibuildwheel?branchName={branch})](https://dev.azure.com/joerick0429/cibuildwheel/_build/latest?definitionId=2&branchName={branch})",
    ),
    CIService(
        name="circleci",
@@ -59,24 +59,29 @@ services = [
    CIService(
        name="travis-ci",
        dst_config_path=".travis.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/pypa/cibuildwheel.svg?branch={branch})](https://travis-ci.org/pypa/cibuildwheel)",
+        badge_md="[![Build Status](https://app.travis-ci.com/pypa/cibuildwheel.svg?branch={branch})](https://app.travis-ci.com/pypa/cibuildwheel)",
    ),
    CIService(
        name="gitlab",
        dst_config_path=".gitlab-ci.yml",
-        badge_md="[![Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/badges/{branch}/pipeline.svg)](https://gitlab.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/-/commits/{branch})",
+        badge_md="[![Gitlab](https://gitlab.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/badges/{branch}/pipeline.svg)](https://gitlab.com/joerick/cibuildwheel/-/commits/{branch})",
    ),
    CIService(
        name="cirrus-ci",
        dst_config_path=".cirrus.yml",
        badge_md="[![Cirrus CI](https://api.cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel.svg?branch={branch})](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/pypa/cibuildwheel/{branch})",
    ),
 ]
 def ci_service_for_config_file(config_file):
-    service_name = Path(config_file).name.rsplit("-", 1)[0]
+    filename = Path(config_file).name
-    for service in services:
+    try:
-        if service.name == service_name:
+        return next(s for s in services if filename.startswith(s.name))
-            return service
+    except StopIteration:
-
+        msg = f"unknown ci service for config file {config_file}"
-    raise ValueError(f"unknown ci service for config file {config_file}")
+        raise ValueError(msg) from None
@click.command()
@@ -95,7 +100,8 @@ def run_example_ci_configs(config_files=None):
    for config_file in config_files:
        service = ci_service_for_config_file(config_file)
        if service.name in configs_by_service:
-            raise Exception("You cannot specify more than one config per CI service")
+            msg = "You cannot specify more than one config per CI service"
            raise Exception(msg)
        configs_by_service[service.name] = config_file
    if git_repo_has_changes():
@@ -1,33 +1,49 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 from __future__ import annotations
 import argparse
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument(
        "--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests (linux only)"
    )
    args = parser.parse_args()
    # move cwd to the project root
    os.chdir(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1])
-    # run the unit tests
+    # unit tests
    unit_test_args = [sys.executable, "-m", "pytest", "unit_test"]
-    # run the docker unit tests only on Linux
+
    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
        # run the docker unit tests only on Linux
        unit_test_args += ["--run-docker"]
        if args.run_podman:
            unit_test_args += ["--run-podman"]
    subprocess.run(unit_test_args, check=True)
-    # run the integration tests
+    # integration tests
-    subprocess.run(
+    integration_test_args = [
-        [
+        sys.executable,
-            sys.executable,
+        "-m",
-            "-m",
+        "pytest",
-            "pytest",
+        "--numprocesses=2",
-            "--numprocesses=2",
+        "-x",
-            "-x",
+        "--durations",
-            "--durations",
+        "0",
-            "0",
+        "--timeout=2400",
-            "--timeout=2400",
+        "test",
-            "test",
+    ]
-        ],
+
-        check=True,
+    if sys.platform.startswith("linux") and args.run_podman:
-    )
+        integration_test_args += ["--run-podman"]
    subprocess.run(integration_test_args, check=True)
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # This file supports 3.6+
 import os
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
 RESOURCES = DIR.parent / "cibuildwheel/resources"
 python_version = "".join(str(v) for v in sys.version_info[:2])
 env = os.environ.copy()
 # CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND is a pip-compile option that tells users how to
 # regenerate the constraints files
 env["CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND"] = "bin/update_dependencies.py"
 os.chdir(DIR.parent)
 subprocess.run(
    [
        "pip-compile",
        "--allow-unsafe",
        "--upgrade",
        "cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in",
        f"--output-file=cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python{python_version}.txt",
    ],
    check=True,
    env=env,
 )
 # default constraints.txt
 if python_version == "39":
    shutil.copyfile(
        RESOURCES / f"constraints-python{python_version}.txt",
        RESOURCES / "constraints.txt",
    )
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import configparser
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import NamedTuple
 import requests
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
 RESOURCES = DIR.parent / "cibuildwheel/resources"
-class Image(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class Image:
    manylinux_version: str
    platform: str
    image_name: str
@@ -45,6 +46,13 @@ images = [
    Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64", None),
    Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_i686", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686", None),
    Image("manylinux_2_24", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64", None),
    # manylinux_2_28 images
    Image("manylinux_2_28", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64", None),
    Image("manylinux_2_28", "aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64", None),
    Image("manylinux_2_28", "ppc64le", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le", None),
    Image("manylinux_2_28", "s390x", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x", None),
    Image("manylinux_2_28", "pypy_x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64", None),
    Image("manylinux_2_28", "pypy_aarch64", "quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64", None),
    # musllinux_1_1 images
    Image("musllinux_1_1", "x86_64", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64", None),
    Image("musllinux_1_1", "i686", "quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686", None),
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 from __future__ import annotations
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 try:
    from html2image import Html2Image  # type: ignore[import]
 except ImportError:
    sys.exit(
        """
        html2image not found. Ensure you have Chrome (on Mac/Windows) or
        Chromium (on Linux) installed, and then do:
            pip install html2image
        """
    )
 def main():
    subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build"])
    hti = Html2Image(custom_flags=["--force-device-scale-factor=2"])
    html_str = Path("docs/diagram.md").read_text()
    css_tags = f"""
        <style>{Path("site/css/theme.css").read_text()}</style>
        <style>{Path("site/css/theme_extra.css").read_text()}</style>
        <style>{Path("site/extra.css").read_text()}</style>
        <style>
            body {{
                background: white;
            }}
        </style>
    """
    html_str = css_tags + html_str
    [screenshot, *_] = hti.screenshot(
        html_str=html_str,
        size=(830, 405),
    )
    dest_path = Path("docs/data/how-it-works.png")
    if dest_path.exists():
        dest_path.unlink()
    Path(screenshot).rename(dest_path)
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
@@ -141,7 +141,8 @@ class PyPyVersions:
        releases = [r for r in releases if self.get_arch_file(r)]
        if not releases:
-            raise RuntimeError(f"PyPy Win {self.arch} not found for {spec}! {self.releases}")
+            msg = f"PyPy Win {self.arch} not found for {spec}! {self.releases}"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)
        version_arch = "win32" if self.arch == "32" else "win_amd64"
@@ -159,13 +160,15 @@ class PyPyVersions:
    def update_version_macos(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigMacOS:
        if self.arch != "64":
-            raise RuntimeError("Other archs not supported yet on macOS")
+            msg = "Other archs not supported yet on macOS"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)
        releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
        releases = sorted(releases, key=lambda r: r["pypy_version"])  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
        if not releases:
-            raise RuntimeError(f"PyPy macOS {self.arch} not found for {spec}!")
+            msg = f"PyPy macOS {self.arch} not found for {spec}!"
            raise RuntimeError(msg)
        release = releases[-1]
        version = release["python_version"]
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 from __future__ import annotations
 import re
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import difflib
 import logging
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import NamedTuple
 import click
 import rich
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ GET_VIRTUALENV_URL_TEMPLATE: Final[
 ] = f"{GET_VIRTUALENV_GITHUB}/blob/{{version}}/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"
-class VersionTuple(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
 class VersionTuple:
    version: Version
    version_string: str
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-__version__ = "2.5.0"
+from __future__ import annotations
 __version__ = "2.11.2"
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import argparse
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
 import tarfile
 import tempfile
 import textwrap
 import typing
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import mkdtemp
 from typing import List, Set, Union
 import cibuildwheel
 import cibuildwheel.linux
@@ -40,13 +41,13 @@ def main() -> None:
    parser.add_argument(
        "--platform",
        choices=["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"],
-        default=os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "auto"),
+        default=None,
        help="""
            Platform to build for. Use this option to override the
            auto-detected platform or to run cibuildwheel on your development
            machine. Specifying "macos" or "windows" only works on that
            operating system, but "linux" works on all three, as long as
-            Docker is installed. Default: auto.
+            Docker/Podman is installed. Default: auto.
        """,
    )
@@ -64,6 +65,16 @@ def main() -> None:
        """,
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--only",
        default=None,
        help="""
            Force a single wheel build when given an identifier. Overrides
            CIBW_BUILD/CIBW_SKIP. --platform and --arch cannot be specified
            if this is given.
        """,
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--output-dir",
        type=Path,
@@ -91,7 +102,7 @@ def main() -> None:
            Path to the package that you want wheels for. Default: the working
            directory. Can be a directory inside the working directory, or an
            sdist. When set to a directory, the working directory is still
-            considered the 'project' and is copied into the Docker container
+            considered the 'project' and is copied into the build container
            on Linux.  When set to a tar.gz sdist file, --config-file
            and --output-dir are relative to the current directory, and other
            paths are relative to the expanded SDist directory.
@@ -116,7 +127,7 @@ def main() -> None:
        help="Enable pre-release Python versions if available.",
    )
-    args = parser.parse_args(namespace=CommandLineArguments())
+    args = CommandLineArguments(**vars(parser.parse_args()))
    args.package_dir = args.package_dir.resolve()
@@ -129,8 +140,8 @@ def main() -> None:
        return
    # Tarfile builds require extraction and changing the directory
-    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="cibw-sdist-") as temp_dir_str:
+    temp_dir = Path(mkdtemp(prefix="cibw-sdist-")).resolve(strict=True)
-        temp_dir = Path(temp_dir_str)
+    try:
        with tarfile.open(args.package_dir) as tar:
            tar.extractall(path=temp_dir)
@@ -138,20 +149,57 @@ def main() -> None:
        try:
            (project_dir,) = temp_dir.iterdir()
        except ValueError:
-            raise SystemExit("invalid sdist: didn't contain a single dir") from None
+            msg = "invalid sdist: didn't contain a single dir"
            raise SystemExit(msg) from None
        # This is now the new package dir
        args.package_dir = project_dir.resolve()
        with chdir(temp_dir):
            build_in_directory(args)
    finally:
        # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
        # cleanup manually
        shutil.rmtree(temp_dir, ignore_errors=sys.platform.startswith("win"))
        if temp_dir.exists():
            log.warning(f"Can't delete temporary folder '{temp_dir}'")
 def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
    platform_option_value = args.platform or os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "auto")
    platform: PlatformName
-    if args.platform != "auto":
+    if args.only:
-        platform = args.platform
+        if "linux_" in args.only:
            platform = "linux"
        elif "macosx_" in args.only:
            platform = "macos"
        elif "win_" in args.only or "win32" in args.only:
            platform = "windows"
        else:
            print(
                f"Invalid --only='{args.only}', must be a build selector with a known platform",
                file=sys.stderr,
            )
            sys.exit(2)
        if args.platform is not None:
            print(
                "--platform cannot be specified with --only, it is computed from --only",
                file=sys.stderr,
            )
            sys.exit(2)
        if args.archs is not None:
            print(
                "--arch cannot be specified with --only, it is computed from --only",
                file=sys.stderr,
            )
            sys.exit(2)
    elif platform_option_value != "auto":
        if platform_option_value not in PLATFORMS:
            print(f"cibuildwheel: Unsupported platform: {platform_option_value}", file=sys.stderr)
            sys.exit(2)
        platform = typing.cast(PlatformName, platform_option_value)
    else:
        ci_provider = detect_ci_provider()
        if ci_provider is None:
@@ -159,9 +207,9 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
                textwrap.dedent(
                    """
                    cibuildwheel: Unable to detect platform. cibuildwheel should run on your CI server;
-                    Travis CI, AppVeyor, Azure Pipelines, GitHub Actions, CircleCI, and Gitlab are
+                    Travis CI, AppVeyor, Azure Pipelines, GitHub Actions, CircleCI, Gitlab, and Cirrus CI
-                    supported. You can run on your development machine or other CI providers using the
+                    are supported. You can run on your development machine or other CI providers
-                    --platform argument. Check --help output for more information.
+                    using the --platform argument. Check --help output for more information.
                    """
                ),
                file=sys.stderr,
@@ -181,10 +229,6 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
            )
            sys.exit(2)
    if platform not in PLATFORMS:
        print(f"cibuildwheel: Unsupported platform: {platform}", file=sys.stderr)
        sys.exit(2)
    options = compute_options(platform=platform, command_line_arguments=args)
    package_dir = options.globals.package_dir
@@ -208,7 +252,6 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
        sys.exit(0)
    # Add CIBUILDWHEEL environment variable
    # This needs to be passed on to the docker container in linux.py
    os.environ["CIBUILDWHEEL"] = "1"
    # Python is buffering by default when running on the CI platforms, giving problems interleaving subprocess call output with unflushed calls to 'print'
@@ -253,12 +296,14 @@ def build_in_directory(args: CommandLineArguments) -> None:
            else:
                assert_never(platform)
    finally:
        # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
        # cleanup manually
        shutil.rmtree(tmp_path, ignore_errors=sys.platform.startswith("win"))
        if tmp_path.exists():
-            log.warning(f"Can't delete temporary folder '{str(tmp_path)}'")
+            log.warning(f"Can't delete temporary folder '{tmp_path}'")
-def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: List[str]) -> None:
+def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: list[str]) -> None:
    print(
        textwrap.dedent(
            """
@@ -288,13 +333,13 @@ def print_preamble(platform: str, options: Options, identifiers: List[str]) -> N
 def get_build_identifiers(
-    platform: PlatformName, build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: Set[Architecture]
+    platform: PlatformName, build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: set[Architecture]
-) -> List[str]:
+) -> list[str]:
-    python_configurations: Union[
+    python_configurations: (
-        List[cibuildwheel.linux.PythonConfiguration],
+        list[cibuildwheel.linux.PythonConfiguration]
-        List[cibuildwheel.windows.PythonConfiguration],
+        | list[cibuildwheel.windows.PythonConfiguration]
-        List[cibuildwheel.macos.PythonConfiguration],
+        | list[cibuildwheel.macos.PythonConfiguration]
-    ]
+    )
    if platform == "linux":
        python_configurations = cibuildwheel.linux.get_python_configurations(
@@ -314,7 +359,7 @@ def get_build_identifiers(
    return [config.identifier for config in python_configurations]
-def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: List[str]) -> List[str]:
+def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: list[str]) -> list[str]:
    warnings = []
    # warn about deprecated {python} and {pip}
@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import functools
 import platform as platform_module
 import re
 import sys
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Set
 from .typing import Final, Literal, PlatformName, assert_never
 PRETTY_NAMES: Final = {"linux": "Linux", "macos": "macOS", "windows": "Windows"}
 ARCH_SYNONYMS: Final[list[dict[PlatformName, str | None]]] = [
    {"linux": "x86_64", "macos": "x86_64", "windows": "AMD64"},
    {"linux": "i686", "macos": None, "windows": "x86"},
    {"linux": "aarch64", "macos": "arm64", "windows": "ARM64"},
 ]
@functools.total_ordering
 class Architecture(Enum):
@@ -32,11 +40,11 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
    ARM64 = "ARM64"
    # Allow this to be sorted
-    def __lt__(self, other: "Architecture") -> bool:
+    def __lt__(self, other: Architecture) -> bool:
        return self.value < other.value
    @staticmethod
-    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> "Set[Architecture]":
+    def parse_config(config: str, platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
        result = set()
        for arch_str in re.split(r"[\s,]+", config):
            if arch_str == "auto":
@@ -54,25 +62,44 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
        return result
    @staticmethod
-    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "Set[Architecture]":
+    def auto_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
-        native_architecture = Architecture(platform_module.machine())
+        native_machine = platform_module.machine()
        # Cross-platform support. Used for --print-build-identifiers or docker builds.
        host_platform: PlatformName = (
            "windows"
            if sys.platform.startswith("win")
            else ("macos" if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") else "linux")
        )
        native_architecture = Architecture(native_machine)
        # we might need to rename the native arch to the machine we're running
        # on, as the same arch can have different names on different platforms
        if host_platform != platform:
            for arch_synonym in ARCH_SYNONYMS:
                if native_machine == arch_synonym.get(host_platform):
                    synonym = arch_synonym[platform]
                    if synonym is None:
                        # can't build anything on this platform
                        return set()
                    native_architecture = Architecture(synonym)
        result = {native_architecture}
-        if platform == "linux" and native_architecture == Architecture.x86_64:
+        if platform == "linux" and Architecture.x86_64 in result:
-            # x86_64 machines can run i686 docker containers
+            # x86_64 machines can run i686 containers
            result.add(Architecture.i686)
-        if platform == "windows" and native_architecture == Architecture.AMD64:
+        if platform == "windows" and Architecture.AMD64 in result:
            result.add(Architecture.x86)
        if platform == "macos" and native_architecture == Architecture.arm64:
            # arm64 can build and test both archs of a universal2 wheel.
            result.add(Architecture.universal2)
        return result
    @staticmethod
-    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> "Set[Architecture]":
+    def all_archs(platform: PlatformName) -> set[Architecture]:
        all_archs_map = {
            "linux": {
                Architecture.x86_64,
@@ -87,7 +114,8 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
        return all_archs_map[platform]
    @staticmethod
-    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> "Set[Architecture]":
+    # pylint: disable-next=inconsistent-return-statements
    def bitness_archs(platform: PlatformName, bitness: Literal["64", "32"]) -> set[Architecture]:
        archs_32 = {Architecture.i686, Architecture.x86}
        auto_archs = Architecture.auto_archs(platform)
@@ -101,7 +129,7 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
 def allowed_architectures_check(
    platform: PlatformName,
-    architectures: Set[Architecture],
+    architectures: set[Architecture],
 ) -> None:
    allowed_architectures = Architecture.all_archs(platform)
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import subprocess
-from typing import Callable, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Sequence
 import bashlex
@@ -7,20 +10,19 @@ import bashlex
 EnvironmentExecutor = Callable[[List[str], Dict[str, str]], str]
-def local_environment_executor(command: List[str], env: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+def local_environment_executor(command: list[str], env: dict[str, str]) -> str:
-    return subprocess.run(
+    return subprocess.run(command, env=env, text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, check=True).stdout
        command, env=env, universal_newlines=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, check=True
    ).stdout
-class NodeExecutionContext(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
-    environment: Dict[str, str]
+class NodeExecutionContext:
    environment: dict[str, str]
    input: str
    executor: EnvironmentExecutor
 def evaluate(
-    value: str, environment: Dict[str, str], executor: Optional[EnvironmentExecutor] = None
+    value: str, environment: dict[str, str], executor: EnvironmentExecutor | None = None
 ) -> str:
    if not value:
        # empty string evaluates to empty string
@@ -30,7 +32,8 @@ def evaluate(
    command_node = bashlex.parsesingle(value)
    if len(command_node.parts) != 1:
-        raise ValueError(f'"{value}" has too many parts')
+        msg = f"{value!r} has too many parts"
        raise ValueError(msg)
    value_word_node = command_node.parts[0]
@@ -52,7 +55,8 @@ def evaluate_node(node: bashlex.ast.node, context: NodeExecutionContext) -> str:
    elif node.kind == "parameter":
        return evaluate_parameter_node(node, context=context)
    else:
-        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported bash construct: "{node.kind}"')
+        msg = f"Unsupported bash construct: {node.kind!r}"
        raise ValueError(msg)
 def evaluate_word_node(node: bashlex.ast.node, context: NodeExecutionContext) -> str:
@@ -63,10 +67,8 @@ def evaluate_word_node(node: bashlex.ast.node, context: NodeExecutionContext) ->
        part_value = evaluate_node(part, context=context)
        if part_string not in value:
-            raise RuntimeError(
+            msg = f"bash parse failed. part {part_string!r} not found in {value!r}. Word was {node.word!r}. Full input was {context.input!r}"
-                f'bash parse failed. part "{part_string}" not found in "{value}". '
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
                f'Word was "{node.word}". Full input was "{context.input}"'
            )
        value = value.replace(part_string, part_value, 1)
@@ -93,15 +95,17 @@ def evaluate_nodes_as_compound_command(
            result += evaluate_command_node(node, context=context)
        elif node.kind == "operator":
            if node.op != ";":
-                raise ValueError(f'Unsupported bash operator: "{node.op}"')
+                msg = f"Unsupported bash operator: {node.op!r}"
                raise ValueError(msg)
        else:
-            raise ValueError(f'Unsupported bash node in compound command: "{node.kind}"')
+            msg = f"Unsupported bash node in compound command: {node.kind!r}"
            raise ValueError(msg)
    return result
 def evaluate_nodes_as_simple_command(
-    nodes: List[bashlex.ast.node], context: NodeExecutionContext
+    nodes: list[bashlex.ast.node], context: NodeExecutionContext
 ) -> str:
    command = [evaluate_node(part, context=context) for part in nodes]
    return context.executor(command, context.environment)
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import dataclasses
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Mapping, Sequence
 import bashlex
 import bashlex.errors
 from cibuildwheel.typing import Protocol
@@ -12,7 +15,7 @@ class EnvironmentParseError(Exception):
    pass
-def split_env_items(env_string: str) -> List[str]:
+def split_env_items(env_string: str) -> list[str]:
    """Splits space-separated variable assignments into a list of individual assignments.
    >>> split_env_items('VAR=abc')
@@ -31,7 +34,11 @@ def split_env_items(env_string: str) -> List[str]:
    if not env_string:
        return []
-    command_node = bashlex.parsesingle(env_string)
+    try:
        command_node = bashlex.parsesingle(env_string)
    except bashlex.errors.ParsingError as e:
        raise EnvironmentParseError(env_string) from e
    result = []
    for word_node in command_node.parts:
@@ -47,8 +54,8 @@ class EnvironmentAssignment(Protocol):
    def evaluated_value(
        self,
        *,
-        environment: Dict[str, str],
+        environment: dict[str, str],
-        executor: Optional[bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor] = None,
+        executor: bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor | None = None,
    ) -> str:
        """Returns the value of this assignment, as evaluated in the environment"""
@@ -84,8 +91,8 @@ class EnvironmentAssignmentBash:
    def evaluated_value(
        self,
-        environment: Dict[str, str],
+        environment: dict[str, str],
-        executor: Optional[bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor] = None,
+        executor: bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor | None = None,
    ) -> str:
        return bashlex_eval.evaluate(self.value, environment=environment, executor=executor)
@@ -100,7 +107,7 @@ class EnvironmentAssignmentBash:
@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ParsedEnvironment:
-    assignments: List[EnvironmentAssignment]
+    assignments: list[EnvironmentAssignment]
    def __init__(self, assignments: Sequence[EnvironmentAssignment]) -> None:
        self.assignments = list(assignments)
@@ -108,8 +115,8 @@ class ParsedEnvironment:
    def as_dictionary(
        self,
        prev_environment: Mapping[str, str],
-        executor: Optional[bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor] = None,
+        executor: bashlex_eval.EnvironmentExecutor | None = None,
-    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
        environment = dict(**prev_environment)
        for assignment in self.assignments:
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 These are utilities for the `/bin` scripts, not for the `cibuildwheel` program.
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 from io import StringIO
 from typing import Dict, List
 from .typing import Protocol
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ class Printable(Protocol):
        ...
-def dump_python_configurations(inp: Dict[str, Dict[str, List[Dict[str, Printable]]]]) -> str:
+def dump_python_configurations(inp: dict[str, dict[str, list[dict[str, Printable]]]]) -> str:
    output = StringIO()
    for header, values in inp.items():
        output.write(f"[{header}]\n")
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 from threading import RLock
-from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Optional, Type, TypeVar, overload
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, TypeVar, overload
 __all__ = ["cached_property"]
@@ -11,34 +13,31 @@ _T = TypeVar("_T")
 class cached_property(Generic[_T]):
    def __init__(self, func: Callable[[Any], _T]):
        self.func = func
-        self.attrname: Optional[str] = None
+        self.attrname: str | None = None
        self.__doc__ = func.__doc__
        self.lock = RLock()
-    def __set_name__(self, owner: Type[Any], name: str) -> None:
+    def __set_name__(self, owner: type[Any], name: str) -> None:
        if self.attrname is None:
            self.attrname = name
        elif name != self.attrname:
-            raise TypeError(
+            msg = f"Cannot assign the same cached_property to two different names ({self.attrname!r} and {name!r})."
-                "Cannot assign the same cached_property to two different names "
+            raise TypeError(msg)
                f"({self.attrname!r} and {name!r})."
            )
    @overload
-    def __get__(self, instance: None, owner: Optional[Type[Any]] = ...) -> "cached_property[_T]":
+    def __get__(self, instance: None, owner: type[Any] | None = ...) -> cached_property[_T]:
        ...
    @overload
-    def __get__(self, instance: object, owner: Optional[Type[Any]] = ...) -> _T:
+    def __get__(self, instance: object, owner: type[Any] | None = ...) -> _T:
        ...
-    def __get__(self, instance: Optional[object], owner: Optional[Type[Any]] = None) -> Any:
+    def __get__(self, instance: object | None, owner: type[Any] | None = None) -> Any:
        if instance is None:
            return self
        if self.attrname is None:
-            raise TypeError(
+            msg = "Cannot use cached_property instance without calling __set_name__ on it."
-                "Cannot use cached_property instance without calling __set_name__ on it."
+            raise TypeError(msg)
            )
        try:
            cache = instance.__dict__
        except AttributeError:  # not all objects have __dict__ (e.g. class defines slots)
@@ -1,44 +1,52 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
+from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Set, Tuple
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from typing import Iterator, Tuple
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .docker_container import DockerContainer
 from .logger import log
 from .oci_container import OCIContainer
 from .options import Options
 from .typing import OrderedDict, PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
    AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
    BuildSelector,
    NonPlatformWheelError,
-    find_compatible_abi3_wheel,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
    prepare_command,
    read_python_configs,
    split_config_settings,
    unwrap,
 )
-class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
    version: str
    identifier: str
    path_str: str
    @property
-    def path(self) -> PurePath:
+    def path(self) -> PurePosixPath:
-        return PurePath(self.path_str)
+        return PurePosixPath(self.path_str)
-class BuildStep(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
-    platform_configs: List[PythonConfiguration]
+class BuildStep:
    platform_configs: list[PythonConfiguration]
    platform_tag: str
-    docker_image: str
+    container_image: str
 def get_python_configurations(
    build_selector: BuildSelector,
-    architectures: Set[Architecture],
+    architectures: set[Architecture],
-) -> List[PythonConfiguration]:
+) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
    full_python_configs = read_python_configs("linux")
@@ -54,7 +62,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
    ]
-def docker_image_for_python_configuration(config: PythonConfiguration, options: Options) -> str:
+def container_image_for_python_configuration(config: PythonConfiguration, options: Options) -> str:
    build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
    # e.g
    # identifier is 'cp310-manylinux_x86_64'
@@ -74,11 +82,11 @@ def docker_image_for_python_configuration(config: PythonConfiguration, options:
 def get_build_steps(
-    options: Options, python_configurations: List[PythonConfiguration]
+    options: Options, python_configurations: list[PythonConfiguration]
 ) -> Iterator[BuildStep]:
    """
    Groups PythonConfigurations into BuildSteps. Each BuildStep represents a
-    separate Docker container.
+    separate container instance.
    """
    steps = OrderedDict[Tuple[str, str, str], BuildStep]()
@@ -86,32 +94,59 @@ def get_build_steps(
        _, platform_tag = config.identifier.split("-", 1)
        before_all = options.build_options(config.identifier).before_all
-        docker_image = docker_image_for_python_configuration(config, options)
+        container_image = container_image_for_python_configuration(config, options)
-        step_key = (platform_tag, docker_image, before_all)
+        step_key = (platform_tag, container_image, before_all)
        if step_key in steps:
            steps[step_key].platform_configs.append(config)
        else:
            steps[step_key] = BuildStep(
-                platform_configs=[config], platform_tag=platform_tag, docker_image=docker_image
+                platform_configs=[config],
                platform_tag=platform_tag,
                container_image=container_image,
            )
    yield from steps.values()
-def build_on_docker(
+def check_all_python_exist(
    *, platform_configs: list[PythonConfiguration], container: OCIContainer
 ) -> None:
    exist = True
    messages = []
    for config in platform_configs:
        python_path = config.path / "bin" / "python"
        try:
            container.call(["test", "-x", python_path])
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            messages.append(
                f"  '{python_path}' executable doesn't exist in image '{container.image}' to build '{config.identifier}'."
            )
            exist = False
    if not exist:
        message = "\n".join(messages)
        print(
            f"cibuildwheel:\n{message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
        )
        sys.exit(1)
 def build_in_container(
    *,
    options: Options,
-    platform_configs: List[PythonConfiguration],
+    platform_configs: list[PythonConfiguration],
-    docker: DockerContainer,
+    container: OCIContainer,
    container_project_path: PurePath,
    container_package_dir: PurePath,
 ) -> None:
-    container_output_dir = PurePath("/output")
+    container_output_dir = PurePosixPath("/output")
-    log.step("Copying project into Docker...")
+    check_all_python_exist(platform_configs=platform_configs, container=container)
-    docker.copy_into(Path.cwd(), container_project_path)
+
    log.step("Copying project into container...")
    container.copy_into(Path.cwd(), container_project_path)
    before_all_options_identifier = platform_configs[0].identifier
    before_all_options = options.build_options(before_all_options_identifier)
@@ -119,11 +154,12 @@ def build_on_docker(
    if before_all_options.before_all:
        log.step("Running before_all...")
-        env = docker.get_environment()
+        env = container.get_environment()
        env["PATH"] = f'/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin:{env["PATH"]}'
        env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
        env["PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION"] = "ignore"
        env = before_all_options.environment.as_dictionary(
-            env, executor=docker.environment_executor
+            env, executor=container.environment_executor
        )
        before_all_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -131,15 +167,15 @@ def build_on_docker(
            project=container_project_path,
            package=container_package_dir,
        )
-        docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_all_prepared], env=env)
+        container.call(["sh", "-c", before_all_prepared], env=env)
-    built_wheels: List[PurePath] = []
+    built_wheels: list[PurePosixPath] = []
    for config in platform_configs:
        log.build_start(config.identifier)
        build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
-        dependency_constraint_flags: List[PathOrStr] = []
+        dependency_constraint_flags: list[PathOrStr] = []
        if build_options.dependency_constraints:
            constraints_file = build_options.dependency_constraints.get_for_python_version(
@@ -147,43 +183,45 @@ def build_on_docker(
            )
            container_constraints_file = PurePath("/constraints.txt")
-            docker.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
+            container.copy_into(constraints_file, container_constraints_file)
            dependency_constraint_flags = ["-c", container_constraints_file]
        log.step("Setting up build environment...")
-        env = docker.get_environment()
+        env = container.get_environment()
        env["PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK"] = "1"
        env["PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION"] = "ignore"
        # put this config's python top of the list
        python_bin = config.path / "bin"
        env["PATH"] = f'{python_bin}:{env["PATH"]}'
-        env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(env, executor=docker.environment_executor)
+        env = build_options.environment.as_dictionary(env, executor=container.environment_executor)
        # check config python is still on PATH
-        which_python = docker.call(["which", "python"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
+        which_python = container.call(["which", "python"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
-        if PurePath(which_python) != python_bin / "python":
+        if PurePosixPath(which_python) != python_bin / "python":
            print(
                "cibuildwheel: python available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert python above it.",
                file=sys.stderr,
            )
            sys.exit(1)
-        which_pip = docker.call(["which", "pip"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
+        which_pip = container.call(["which", "pip"], env=env, capture_output=True).strip()
-        if PurePath(which_pip) != python_bin / "pip":
+        if PurePosixPath(which_pip) != python_bin / "pip":
            print(
                "cibuildwheel: pip available on PATH doesn't match our installed instance. If you have modified PATH, ensure that you don't overwrite cibuildwheel's entry or insert pip above it.",
                file=sys.stderr,
            )
            sys.exit(1)
-        abi3_wheel = find_compatible_abi3_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
+        compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
-        if abi3_wheel:
+        if compatible_wheel:
            log.step_end()
            print(
-                f"\nFound previously built wheel {abi3_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
+                f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
            )
-            repaired_wheels = [abi3_wheel]
+            repaired_wheels = [compatible_wheel]
        else:
            if build_options.before_build:
@@ -193,19 +231,21 @@ def build_on_docker(
                    project=container_project_path,
                    package=container_package_dir,
                )
-                docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_build_prepared], env=env)
+                container.call(["sh", "-c", before_build_prepared], env=env)
            log.step("Building wheel...")
-            temp_dir = PurePath("/tmp/cibuildwheel")
+            temp_dir = PurePosixPath("/tmp/cibuildwheel")
            built_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "built_wheel"
-            docker.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
+            container.call(["rm", "-rf", built_wheel_dir])
-            docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
+            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", built_wheel_dir])
            verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
            extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings)
            if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
-                docker.call(
+                extra_flags += verbosity_flags
                container.call(
                    [
                        "python",
                        "-m",
@@ -214,13 +254,14 @@ def build_on_docker(
                        container_package_dir,
                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
                        "--no-deps",
-                        *verbosity_flags,
+                        *extra_flags,
                    ],
                    env=env,
                )
            elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
-                config_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
+                verbosity_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
-                docker.call(
+                extra_flags += (f"--config-setting={verbosity_setting}",)
                container.call(
                    [
                        "python",
                        "-m",
@@ -228,18 +269,18 @@ def build_on_docker(
                        container_package_dir,
                        "--wheel",
                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
+                        *extra_flags,
                    ],
                    env=env,
                )
            else:
                assert_never(build_options.build_frontend)
-            built_wheel = docker.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
+            built_wheel = container.glob(built_wheel_dir, "*.whl")[0]
            repaired_wheel_dir = temp_dir / "repaired_wheel"
-            docker.call(["rm", "-rf", repaired_wheel_dir])
+            container.call(["rm", "-rf", repaired_wheel_dir])
-            docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", repaired_wheel_dir])
+            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", repaired_wheel_dir])
            if built_wheel.name.endswith("none-any.whl"):
                raise NonPlatformWheelError()
@@ -249,21 +290,27 @@ def build_on_docker(
                repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
                    build_options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
                )
-                docker.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
+                container.call(["sh", "-c", repair_command_prepared], env=env)
            else:
-                docker.call(["mv", built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir])
+                container.call(["mv", built_wheel, repaired_wheel_dir])
-            repaired_wheels = docker.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl")
+            repaired_wheels = container.glob(repaired_wheel_dir, "*.whl")
            for repaired_wheel in repaired_wheels:
                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
                    raise AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
        if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
            log.step("Testing wheel...")
            # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
            # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
-            docker.call(["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env)
+            container.call(["pip", "install", "virtualenv", *dependency_constraint_flags], env=env)
-            venv_dir = PurePath(docker.call(["mktemp", "-d"], capture_output=True).strip()) / "venv"
+            venv_dir = (
                PurePath(container.call(["mktemp", "-d"], capture_output=True).strip()) / "venv"
            )
-            docker.call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env)
+            container.call(["python", "-m", "virtualenv", "--no-download", venv_dir], env=env)
            virtualenv_env = env.copy()
            virtualenv_env["PATH"] = f"{venv_dir / 'bin'}:{virtualenv_env['PATH']}"
@@ -274,7 +321,7 @@ def build_on_docker(
                    project=container_project_path,
                    package=container_package_dir,
                )
-                docker.call(["sh", "-c", before_test_prepared], env=virtualenv_env)
+                container.call(["sh", "-c", before_test_prepared], env=virtualenv_env)
            # Install the wheel we just built
            # Note: If auditwheel produced two wheels, it's because the earlier produced wheel
@@ -283,14 +330,14 @@ def build_on_docker(
            # different external shared libraries. so it doesn't matter which one we run the tests on.
            # Let's just pick the first one.
            wheel_to_test = repaired_wheels[0]
-            docker.call(
+            container.call(
                ["pip", "install", str(wheel_to_test) + build_options.test_extras],
                env=virtualenv_env,
            )
            # Install any requirements to run the tests
            if build_options.test_requires:
-                docker.call(["pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires], env=virtualenv_env)
+                container.call(["pip", "install", *build_options.test_requires], env=virtualenv_env)
            # Run the tests from a different directory
            test_command_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -298,15 +345,15 @@ def build_on_docker(
                project=container_project_path,
                package=container_package_dir,
            )
-            docker.call(["sh", "-c", test_command_prepared], cwd="/root", env=virtualenv_env)
+            container.call(["sh", "-c", test_command_prepared], cwd="/root", env=virtualenv_env)
            # clean up test environment
-            docker.call(["rm", "-rf", venv_dir])
+            container.call(["rm", "-rf", venv_dir])
        # move repaired wheels to output
-        if abi3_wheel is None:
+        if compatible_wheel is None:
-            docker.call(["mkdir", "-p", container_output_dir])
+            container.call(["mkdir", "-p", container_output_dir])
-            docker.call(["mv", *repaired_wheels, container_output_dir])
+            container.call(["mv", *repaired_wheels, container_output_dir])
            built_wheels.extend(
                container_output_dir / repaired_wheel.name for repaired_wheel in repaired_wheels
            )
@@ -315,19 +362,28 @@ def build_on_docker(
    log.step("Copying wheels back to host...")
    # copy the output back into the host
-    docker.copy_out(container_output_dir, options.globals.output_dir)
+    container.copy_out(container_output_dir, options.globals.output_dir)
    log.step_end()
 def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
    try:
-        # check docker is installed
+        # check the container engine is installed
-        subprocess.run(["docker", "--version"], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        subprocess.run(
            [options.globals.container_engine, "--version"], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL
        )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        print(
-            "cibuildwheel: Docker not found. Docker is required to run Linux builds. "
+            unwrap(
-            "If you're building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to your .travis.yml."
+                f"""
-            "If you're building on Circle CI in Linux, add a `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml",
+                cibuildwheel: {options.globals.container_engine} not found. An
                OCI exe like Docker or Podman is required to run Linux builds.
                If you're building on Travis CI, add `services: [docker]` to
                your .travis.yml. If you're building on Circle CI in Linux,
                add a `setup_remote_docker` step to your .circleci/config.yml.
                If you're building on Cirrus CI, use `docker_builder` task.
                """
            ),
            file=sys.stderr,
        )
        sys.exit(2)
@@ -339,28 +395,30 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # pylint: disable=unused-a
    cwd = Path.cwd()
    abs_package_dir = options.globals.package_dir.resolve()
    if cwd != abs_package_dir and cwd not in abs_package_dir.parents:
-        raise Exception("package_dir must be inside the working directory")
+        msg = "package_dir must be inside the working directory"
        raise Exception(msg)
-    container_project_path = PurePath("/project")
+    container_project_path = PurePosixPath("/project")
    container_package_dir = container_project_path / abs_package_dir.relative_to(cwd)
    for build_step in get_build_steps(options, python_configurations):
        try:
            ids_to_build = [x.identifier for x in build_step.platform_configs]
-            log.step(
+            log.step(f"Starting container image {build_step.container_image}...")
                f"Starting Docker image {build_step.docker_image} for {', '.join(ids_to_build)}..."
            )
-            with DockerContainer(
+            print(f"info: This container will host the build for {', '.join(ids_to_build)}...")
-                docker_image=build_step.docker_image,
+
            with OCIContainer(
                image=build_step.container_image,
                simulate_32_bit=build_step.platform_tag.endswith("i686"),
                cwd=container_project_path,
-            ) as docker:
+                engine=options.globals.container_engine,
            ) as container:
-                build_on_docker(
+                build_in_container(
                    options=options,
                    platform_configs=build_step.platform_configs,
-                    docker=docker,
+                    container=container,
                    container_project_path=container_project_path,
                    container_package_dir=container_package_dir,
                )
@@ -373,7 +431,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # pylint: disable=unused-a
            sys.exit(1)
-def _matches_prepared_command(error_cmd: List[str], command_template: str) -> bool:
+def _matches_prepared_command(error_cmd: list[str], command_template: str) -> bool:
    if len(error_cmd) < 3 or error_cmd[0:2] != ["sh", "-c"]:
        return False
    command_prefix = command_template.split("{", maxsplit=1)[0].strip()
@@ -418,4 +476,4 @@ def troubleshoot(options: Options, error: Exception) -> None:
            print("  Files detected:")
            print("\n".join(f"    {f}" for f in so_files))
-            print("")
+            print()
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import codecs
 import os
 import re
 import sys
 import time
-from typing import IO, AnyStr, Optional, Union
+from typing import IO, AnyStr
 from cibuildwheel.typing import Final
 from cibuildwheel.util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
@@ -39,10 +41,10 @@ class Logger:
    fold_mode: str
    colors_enabled: bool
    unicode_enabled: bool
-    active_build_identifier: Optional[str] = None
+    active_build_identifier: str | None = None
-    build_start_time: Optional[float] = None
+    build_start_time: float | None = None
-    step_start_time: Optional[float] = None
+    step_start_time: float | None = None
-    active_fold_group_name: Optional[str] = None
+    active_fold_group_name: str | None = None
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        if sys.platform == "win32" and hasattr(sys.stdout, "reconfigure"):
@@ -120,10 +122,17 @@ class Logger:
            self.step_start_time = None
-    def step_end_with_error(self, error: Union[BaseException, str]) -> None:
+    def step_end_with_error(self, error: BaseException | str) -> None:
        self.step_end(success=False)
        self.error(error)
    def notice(self, message: str) -> None:
        if self.fold_mode == "github":
            print(f"::notice::{message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
        else:
            c = self.colors
            print(f"{c.bold}Note{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
    def warning(self, message: str) -> None:
        if self.fold_mode == "github":
            print(f"::warning::{message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
@@ -131,7 +140,7 @@ class Logger:
            c = self.colors
            print(f"{c.yellow}Warning{c.end}: {message}\n", file=sys.stderr)
-    def error(self, error: Union[BaseException, str]) -> None:
+    def error(self, error: BaseException | str) -> None:
        if self.fold_mode == "github":
            print(f"::error::{error}\n", file=sys.stderr)
        else:
@@ -174,11 +183,11 @@ class Logger:
        return identifier.lower()[:20]
    @property
-    def colors(self) -> "Colors":
+    def colors(self) -> Colors:
        return Colors(enabled=self.colors_enabled)
    @property
-    def symbols(self) -> "Symbols":
+    def symbols(self) -> Symbols:
        return Symbols(unicode=self.unicode_enabled)
@@ -195,14 +204,16 @@ def build_description_from_identifier(identifier: str) -> str:
    elif python_interpreter == "pp":
        build_description += "PyPy"
    else:
-        raise Exception("unknown python")
+        msg = f"unknown python {python_interpreter!r}"
        raise Exception(msg)
    build_description += f" {python_version[0]}.{python_version[1:]} "
    try:
        build_description += PLATFORM_IDENTIFIER_DESCRIPTIONS[platform_identifier]
    except KeyError as e:
-        raise Exception("unknown platform") from e
+        msg = f"unknown platform {platform_identifier!r}"
        raise Exception(msg) from e
    return build_description
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import contextlib
 import functools
 import os
 import platform
@@ -5,8 +8,9 @@ import re
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Sequence, Set, Tuple, cast
+from typing import Sequence, Tuple, cast
 from filelock import FileLock
@@ -17,25 +21,27 @@ from .options import Options
 from .typing import Literal, PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
    AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
    BuildFrontend,
    BuildSelector,
    NonPlatformWheelError,
    call,
    detect_ci_provider,
    download,
-    find_compatible_abi3_wheel,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
    get_pip_version,
    install_certifi_script,
    prepare_command,
    read_python_configs,
    shell,
    split_config_settings,
    unwrap,
    virtualenv,
 )
-def get_macos_version() -> Tuple[int, int]:
+def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
    """
    Returns the macOS major/minor version, as a tuple, e.g. (10, 15) or (11, 0)
@@ -49,20 +55,21 @@ def get_macos_version() -> Tuple[int, int]:
    return cast(Tuple[int, int], version)
-def get_macos_sdks() -> List[str]:
+def get_macos_sdks() -> list[str]:
    output = call("xcodebuild", "-showsdks", capture_stdout=True)
    return [m.group(1) for m in re.finditer(r"-sdk (macosx\S+)", output)]
-class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
    version: str
    identifier: str
    url: str
 def get_python_configurations(
-    build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: Set[Architecture]
+    build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: set[Architecture]
-) -> List[PythonConfiguration]:
+) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
    full_python_configs = read_python_configs("macos")
@@ -131,7 +138,7 @@ def setup_python(
    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
    environment: ParsedEnvironment,
    build_frontend: BuildFrontend,
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
    tmp.mkdir()
    implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
    log.step(f"Installing Python {implementation_id}...")
@@ -140,7 +147,8 @@ def setup_python(
    elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
        base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.url)
    else:
-        raise ValueError("Unknown Python implementation")
+        msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
        raise ValueError(msg)
    assert base_python.exists()
    log.step("Setting up build environment...")
@@ -199,13 +207,15 @@ def setup_python(
        )
        sys.exit(1)
    # Set MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET to 10.9, if the user didn't set it.
    # PyPy defaults to 10.7, causing inconsistencies if it's left unset.
    env.setdefault("MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "10.9")
    config_is_arm64 = python_configuration.identifier.endswith("arm64")
    config_is_universal2 = python_configuration.identifier.endswith("universal2")
    # Set MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET, if the user didn't set it.
    # For arm64, the minimal deployment target is 11.0.
    # On x86_64 (or universal2), use 10.9 as a default.
    # PyPy defaults to 10.7, causing inconsistencies if it's left unset.
    env.setdefault("MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET", "11.0" if config_is_arm64 else "10.9")
    if python_configuration.version not in {"3.6", "3.7"}:
        if config_is_arm64:
            # macOS 11 is the first OS with arm64 support, so the wheels
@@ -276,7 +286,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
    )
-    if len(python_configurations) == 0:
+    if not python_configurations:
        return
    try:
@@ -292,7 +302,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
            )
            shell(before_all_prepared, env=env)
-        built_wheels: List[Path] = []
+        built_wheels: list[Path] = []
        for config in python_configurations:
            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
@@ -321,13 +331,13 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                build_options.build_frontend,
            )
-            abi3_wheel = find_compatible_abi3_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
+            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
-            if abi3_wheel:
+            if compatible_wheel:
                log.step_end()
                print(
-                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {abi3_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
+                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
                )
-                repaired_wheel = abi3_wheel
+                repaired_wheel = compatible_wheel
            else:
                if build_options.before_build:
                    log.step("Running before_build...")
@@ -340,8 +350,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
                verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings)
                if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
                    extra_flags += verbosity_flags
                    # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                    # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
                    call(
@@ -352,11 +364,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                        build_options.package_dir.resolve(),
                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
                        "--no-deps",
-                        *verbosity_flags,
+                        *extra_flags,
                        env=env,
                    )
                elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
-                    config_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
+                    verbosity_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
                    extra_flags += (f"--config-setting={verbosity_setting}",)
                    build_env = env.copy()
                    if build_options.dependency_constraints:
                        constraint_path = (
@@ -373,7 +386,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                        build_options.package_dir,
                        "--wheel",
                        f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                        f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
+                        *extra_flags,
                        env=build_env,
                    )
                else:
@@ -408,11 +421,21 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
                    raise AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
                log.step_end()
            if build_options.test_command and build_options.test_selector(config.identifier):
                machine_arch = platform.machine()
-                testing_archs: List[Literal["x86_64", "arm64"]]
+                python_arch = call(
                    "python",
                    "-sSc",
                    "import platform; print(platform.machine())",
                    env=env,
                    capture_stdout=True,
                ).strip()
                testing_archs: list[Literal["x86_64", "arm64"]]
                if config_is_arm64:
                    testing_archs = ["arm64"]
@@ -454,7 +477,26 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                                )
                            )
                        else:
-                            raise RuntimeError("unreachable")
+                            msg = "unreachable"
                            raise RuntimeError(msg)
                        # skip this test
                        continue
                    is_cp38 = config.identifier.startswith("cp38-")
                    if testing_arch == "arm64" and is_cp38 and python_arch != "arm64":
                        log.warning(
                            unwrap(
                                """
                                While cibuildwheel can build CPython 3.8 universal2/arm64 wheels, we
                                cannot test the arm64 part of them, even when running on an Apple
                                Silicon machine. This is because we use the x86_64 installer of
                                CPython 3.8. See the discussion in
                                https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/1169 for the details. To
                                silence this warning, set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: cp38-macosx_*:arm64`.
                                """
                            )
                        )
                        # skip this test
                        continue
@@ -482,7 +524,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                    # define a custom 'call' function that adds the arch prefix each time
                    call_with_arch = functools.partial(call, *arch_prefix)
-                    shell_with_arch = functools.partial(shell, *arch_prefix)
+                    shell_with_arch = functools.partial(call, *arch_prefix, "/bin/sh", "-c")
                    # Use --no-download to ensure determinism by using seed libraries
                    # built into virtualenv
@@ -534,7 +576,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                    )
            # we're all done here; move it to output (overwrite existing)
-            if abi3_wheel is None:
+            if compatible_wheel is None:
                with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
                    (build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name).unlink()
                shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
                built_wheels.append(build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name)
@@ -1,30 +1,46 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import io
 import json
 import os
 import platform
 import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import uuid
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import IO, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, cast
+from typing import IO, Dict, Sequence, cast
 from cibuildwheel.util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
-from .typing import PathOrStr, PopenBytes
+from .typing import Literal, PathOrStr, PopenBytes
 ContainerEngine = Literal["docker", "podman"]
-class DockerContainer:
+class OCIContainer:
    """
-    An object that represents a running Docker container.
+    An object that represents a running OCI (e.g. Docker) container.
    Intended for use as a context manager e.g.
-    `with DockerContainer(docker_image = 'ubuntu') as docker:`
+    `with OCIContainer(image = 'ubuntu') as docker:`
    A bash shell is running in the remote container. When `call()` is invoked,
    the command is relayed to the remote shell, and the results are streamed
    back to cibuildwheel.
    Example:
        >>> from cibuildwheel.oci_container import *  # NOQA
        >>> from cibuildwheel.options import _get_pinned_container_images
        >>> image = _get_pinned_container_images()['x86_64']['manylinux2014']
        >>> # Test the default container
        >>> with OCIContainer(image=image) as self:
        ...     self.call(["echo", "hello world"])
        ...     self.call(["cat", "/proc/1/cgroup"])
        ...     print(self.get_environment())
        ...     print(self.debug_info())
    """
    UTILITY_PYTHON = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python"
@@ -34,19 +50,26 @@ class DockerContainer:
    bash_stdout: IO[bytes]
    def __init__(
-        self, *, docker_image: str, simulate_32_bit: bool = False, cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None
+        self,
        *,
        image: str,
        simulate_32_bit: bool = False,
        cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
        engine: ContainerEngine = "docker",
    ):
-        if not docker_image:
+        if not image:
-            raise ValueError("Must have a non-empty docker image to run.")
+            msg = "Must have a non-empty image to run."
            raise ValueError(msg)
-        self.docker_image = docker_image
+        self.image = image
        self.simulate_32_bit = simulate_32_bit
        self.cwd = cwd
-        self.name: Optional[str] = None
+        self.name: str | None = None
        self.engine = engine
    def __enter__(self) -> OCIContainer:
    def __enter__(self) -> "DockerContainer":
        self.name = f"cibuildwheel-{uuid.uuid4()}"
        cwd_args = ["-w", str(self.cwd)] if self.cwd else []
        # work-around for Travis-CI PPC64le Docker runs since 2021:
        # this avoids network splits
@@ -57,24 +80,25 @@ class DockerContainer:
            network_args = ["--network=host"]
        shell_args = ["linux32", "/bin/bash"] if self.simulate_32_bit else ["/bin/bash"]
        subprocess.run(
            [
-                "docker",
+                self.engine,
                "create",
                "--env=CIBUILDWHEEL",
                f"--name={self.name}",
                "--interactive",
                "--volume=/:/host",  # ignored on CircleCI
                *network_args,
-                *cwd_args,
+                self.image,
                self.docker_image,
                *shell_args,
            ],
            check=True,
        )
        self.process = subprocess.Popen(
            [
-                "docker",
+                self.engine,
                "start",
                "--attach",
                "--interactive",
@@ -89,15 +113,21 @@ class DockerContainer:
        self.bash_stdout = self.process.stdout
        # run a noop command to block until the container is responding
-        self.call(["/bin/true"])
+        self.call(["/bin/true"], cwd="/")
        if self.cwd:
            # Although `docker create -w` does create the working dir if it
            # does not exist, podman does not. There does not seem to be a way
            # to setup a workdir for a container running in podman.
            self.call(["mkdir", "-p", os.fspath(self.cwd)], cwd="/")
        return self
    def __exit__(
        self,
-        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
-        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
-        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
    ) -> None:
        self.bash_stdin.write(b"exit 0\n")
@@ -106,10 +136,19 @@ class DockerContainer:
        self.bash_stdin.close()
        self.bash_stdout.close()
        if self.engine == "podman":
            # This works around what seems to be a race condition in the podman
            # backend. The full reason is not understood. See PR #966 for a
            # discussion on possible causes and attempts to remove this line.
            # For now, this seems to work "well enough".
            self.process.wait()
        assert isinstance(self.name, str)
        subprocess.run(
-            ["docker", "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, check=False
+            [self.engine, "rm", "--force", "-v", self.name],
            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
            check=False,
        )
        self.name = None
@@ -122,53 +161,94 @@ class DockerContainer:
        if from_path.is_dir():
            self.call(["mkdir", "-p", to_path])
            subprocess.run(
-                f"tar cf - . | docker exec -i {self.name} tar --no-same-owner -xC {shell_quote(to_path)} -f -",
+                f"tar cf - . | {self.engine} exec -i {self.name} tar --no-same-owner -xC {shell_quote(to_path)} -f -",
                shell=True,
                check=True,
                cwd=from_path,
            )
        else:
-            subprocess.run(
+            with subprocess.Popen(
-                f'cat {shell_quote(from_path)} | docker exec -i {self.name} sh -c "cat > {shell_quote(to_path)}"',
+                [
-                shell=True,
+                    self.engine,
-                check=True,
+                    "exec",
-            )
+                    "-i",
                    str(self.name),
                    "sh",
                    "-c",
                    f"cat > {shell_quote(to_path)}",
                ],
                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
            ) as exec_process:
                exec_process.stdin = cast(IO[bytes], exec_process.stdin)
                with open(from_path, "rb") as from_file:
                    shutil.copyfileobj(from_file, exec_process.stdin)
                exec_process.stdin.close()
                exec_process.wait()
                if exec_process.returncode:
                    raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(
                        exec_process.returncode, exec_process.args, None, None
                    )
    def copy_out(self, from_path: PurePath, to_path: Path) -> None:
        # note: we assume from_path is a dir
        to_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-        subprocess.run(
+        if self.engine == "podman":
-            f"docker exec -i {self.name} tar -cC {shell_quote(from_path)} -f - . | tar -xf -",
+            subprocess.run(
-            shell=True,
+                [
-            check=True,
+                    self.engine,
-            cwd=to_path,
+                    "cp",
-        )
+                    f"{self.name}:{from_path}/.",
                    str(to_path),
                ],
                check=True,
                cwd=to_path,
            )
        elif self.engine == "docker":
            # There is a bug in docker that prevents a simple 'cp' invocation
            # from working https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/38995
            command = f"{self.engine} exec -i {self.name} tar -cC {shell_quote(from_path)} -f - . | tar -xf -"
            subprocess.run(
                command,
                shell=True,
                check=True,
                cwd=to_path,
            )
        else:
            raise KeyError(self.engine)
-    def glob(self, path: PurePath, pattern: str) -> List[PurePath]:
+    def glob(self, path: PurePosixPath, pattern: str) -> list[PurePosixPath]:
-        glob_pattern = os.path.join(str(path), pattern)
+        glob_pattern = path.joinpath(pattern)
        path_strings = json.loads(
            self.call(
                [
                    self.UTILITY_PYTHON,
                    "-c",
-                    f"import sys, json, glob; json.dump(glob.glob({glob_pattern!r}), sys.stdout)",
+                    f"import sys, json, glob; json.dump(glob.glob({str(glob_pattern)!r}), sys.stdout)",
                ],
                capture_output=True,
            )
        )
-        return [PurePath(p) for p in path_strings]
+        return [PurePosixPath(p) for p in path_strings]
    def call(
        self,
        args: Sequence[PathOrStr],
-        env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
        capture_output: bool = False,
-        cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+        cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
    ) -> str:
        if cwd is None:
            # Podman does not start the a container in a specific working dir
            # so we always need to specify it when making calls.
            cwd = self.cwd
        chdir = f"cd {cwd}" if cwd else ""
        env_assignments = (
            " ".join(f"{shlex.quote(k)}={shlex.quote(v)}" for k, v in env.items())
@@ -223,9 +303,11 @@ class DockerContainer:
                return_code = int(return_code_str)
                # add the last line to output, without the footer
                output_io.write(line[0:footer_offset])
                output_io.flush()
                break
            else:
                output_io.write(line)
                output_io.flush()
        if isinstance(output_io, io.BytesIO):
            output = str(output_io.getvalue(), encoding="utf8", errors="surrogateescape")
@@ -237,7 +319,7 @@ class DockerContainer:
        return output
-    def get_environment(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    def get_environment(self) -> dict[str, str]:
        env = json.loads(
            self.call(
                [
@@ -250,10 +332,26 @@ class DockerContainer:
        )
        return cast(Dict[str, str], env)
-    def environment_executor(self, command: List[str], environment: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    def environment_executor(self, command: list[str], environment: dict[str, str]) -> str:
        # used as an EnvironmentExecutor to evaluate commands and capture output
        return self.call(command, env=environment, capture_output=True)
    def debug_info(self) -> str:
        if self.engine == "podman":
            command = f"{self.engine} info --debug"
        else:
            command = f"{self.engine} info"
        completed = subprocess.run(
            command,
            shell=True,
            check=True,
            cwd=self.cwd,
            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
        )
        output = str(completed.stdout, encoding="utf8", errors="surrogateescape")
        return output
 def shell_quote(path: PurePath) -> str:
-    return shlex.quote(str(path))
+    return shlex.quote(os.fspath(path))
@@ -1,22 +1,16 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import configparser
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
 import difflib
 import functools
 import os
 import shlex
 import sys
 import traceback
 from configparser import ConfigParser
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import (
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Generator, Iterator, List, Mapping, Union, cast
    Any,
    Dict,
    Generator,
    List,
    Mapping,
    NamedTuple,
    Optional,
    Set,
    Tuple,
    Union,
 )
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
    import tomllib
@@ -27,8 +21,9 @@ from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
 from .oci_container import ContainerEngine
 from .projectfiles import get_requires_python_str
-from .typing import PLATFORMS, Literal, PlatformName, TypedDict
+from .typing import PLATFORMS, Literal, NotRequired, PlatformName, TypedDict
 from .util import (
    MANYLINUX_ARCHS,
    MUSLLINUX_ARCHS,
@@ -45,10 +40,12 @@ from .util import (
 )
@dataclasses.dataclass
 class CommandLineArguments:
-    platform: Literal["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"]
+    platform: Literal["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"] | None
-    archs: Optional[str]
+    archs: str | None
    output_dir: Path
    only: str | None
    config_file: str
    package_dir: Path
    print_build_identifiers: bool
@@ -56,29 +53,33 @@ class CommandLineArguments:
    prerelease_pythons: bool
-class GlobalOptions(NamedTuple):
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class GlobalOptions:
    package_dir: Path
    output_dir: Path
    build_selector: BuildSelector
    test_selector: TestSelector
-    architectures: Set[Architecture]
+    architectures: set[Architecture]
    container_engine: ContainerEngine
-class BuildOptions(NamedTuple):
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class BuildOptions:
    globals: GlobalOptions
    environment: ParsedEnvironment
    before_all: str
-    before_build: Optional[str]
+    before_build: str | None
    repair_command: str
-    manylinux_images: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
+    manylinux_images: dict[str, str] | None
-    musllinux_images: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
+    musllinux_images: dict[str, str] | None
-    dependency_constraints: Optional[DependencyConstraints]
+    dependency_constraints: DependencyConstraints | None
-    test_command: Optional[str]
+    test_command: str | None
-    before_test: Optional[str]
+    before_test: str | None
-    test_requires: List[str]
+    test_requires: list[str]
    test_extras: str
    build_verbosity: int
    build_frontend: BuildFrontend
    config_settings: str
    @property
    def package_dir(self) -> Path:
@@ -97,16 +98,17 @@ class BuildOptions(NamedTuple):
        return self.globals.test_selector
    @property
-    def architectures(self) -> Set[Architecture]:
+    def architectures(self) -> set[Architecture]:
        return self.globals.architectures
 Setting = Union[Dict[str, str], List[str], str, int]
-class Override(NamedTuple):
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class Override:
    select_pattern: str
-    options: Dict[str, Setting]
+    options: dict[str, Setting]
 MANYLINUX_OPTIONS = {f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image" for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS}
@@ -121,13 +123,14 @@ DISALLOWED_OPTIONS = {
 class TableFmt(TypedDict):
    item: str
    sep: str
    quote: NotRequired[Callable[[str], str]]
 class ConfigOptionError(KeyError):
    pass
-def _dig_first(*pairs: Tuple[Mapping[str, Setting], str], ignore_empty: bool = False) -> Setting:
+def _dig_first(*pairs: tuple[Mapping[str, Setting], str], ignore_empty: bool = False) -> Setting:
    """
    Return the first dict item that matches from pairs of dicts and keys.
    Will throw a KeyError if missing.
@@ -135,7 +138,8 @@ def _dig_first(*pairs: Tuple[Mapping[str, Setting], str], ignore_empty: bool = F
    _dig_first((dict1, "key1"), (dict2, "key2"), ...)
    """
    if not pairs:
-        raise ValueError("pairs cannot be empty")
+        msg = "pairs cannot be empty"
        raise ValueError(msg)
    for dict_like, key in pairs:
        if key in dict_like:
@@ -169,10 +173,10 @@ class OptionsReader:
    def __init__(
        self,
-        config_file_path: Optional[Path] = None,
+        config_file_path: Path | None = None,
        *,
        platform: PlatformName,
-        disallow: Optional[Dict[str, Set[str]]] = None,
+        disallow: dict[str, set[str]] | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        self.platform = platform
        self.disallow = disallow or {}
@@ -182,69 +186,78 @@ class OptionsReader:
        self.default_options, self.default_platform_options = self._load_file(defaults_path)
        # Load the project config file
-        config_options: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        config_options: dict[str, Any] = {}
-        config_platform_options: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        config_platform_options: dict[str, Any] = {}
        if config_file_path is not None:
            config_options, config_platform_options = self._load_file(config_file_path)
        # Validate project config
        for option_name in config_options:
-            if not self._is_valid_global_option(option_name):
+            self._validate_global_option(option_name)
                raise ConfigOptionError(f'Option "{option_name}" not supported in a config file')
        for option_name in config_platform_options:
-            if not self._is_valid_platform_option(option_name):
+            self._validate_platform_option(option_name)
                raise ConfigOptionError(
                    f'Option "{option_name}" not supported in the "{self.platform}" section'
                )
        self.config_options = config_options
        self.config_platform_options = config_platform_options
-        self.overrides: List[Override] = []
+        self.overrides: list[Override] = []
-        self.current_identifier: Optional[str] = None
+        self.current_identifier: str | None = None
        config_overrides = self.config_options.get("overrides")
        if config_overrides is not None:
            if not isinstance(config_overrides, list):
-                raise ConfigOptionError('"tool.cibuildwheel.overrides" must be a list')
+                msg = "'tool.cibuildwheel.overrides' must be a list"
                raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
            for config_override in config_overrides:
                select = config_override.pop("select", None)
                if not select:
-                    raise ConfigOptionError('"select" must be set in an override')
+                    msg = "'select' must be set in an override"
                    raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
                if isinstance(select, list):
                    select = " ".join(select)
                self.overrides.append(Override(select, config_override))
-    def _is_valid_global_option(self, name: str) -> bool:
+    def _validate_global_option(self, name: str) -> None:
        """
-        Returns True if an option with this name is allowed in the
+        Raises an error if an option with this name is not allowed in the
        [tool.cibuildwheel] section of a config file.
        """
        allowed_option_names = self.default_options.keys() | PLATFORMS | {"overrides"}
-        return name in allowed_option_names
+        if name not in allowed_option_names:
            msg = f"Option {name!r} not supported in a config file."
            matches = difflib.get_close_matches(name, allowed_option_names, 1, 0.7)
            if matches:
                msg += f" Perhaps you meant {matches[0]!r}?"
            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
-    def _is_valid_platform_option(self, name: str) -> bool:
+    def _validate_platform_option(self, name: str) -> None:
        """
-        Returns True if an option with this name is allowed in the
+        Raises an error if an option with this name is not allowed in the
        [tool.cibuildwheel.<current-platform>] section of a config file.
        """
        disallowed_platform_options = self.disallow.get(self.platform, set())
        if name in disallowed_platform_options:
-            return False
+            msg = f"{name!r} is not allowed in {disallowed_platform_options}"
            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
        allowed_option_names = self.default_options.keys() | self.default_platform_options.keys()
-        return name in allowed_option_names
+        if name not in allowed_option_names:
            msg = f"Option {name!r} not supported in the {self.platform!r} section"
            matches = difflib.get_close_matches(name, allowed_option_names, 1, 0.7)
            if matches:
                msg += f" Perhaps you meant {matches[0]!r}?"
            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
-    def _load_file(self, filename: Path) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def _load_file(self, filename: Path) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Load a toml file, returns global and platform as separate dicts.
        """
@@ -257,15 +270,15 @@ class OptionsReader:
        return global_options, platform_options
    @property
-    def active_config_overrides(self) -> List[Override]:
+    def active_config_overrides(self) -> list[Override]:
        if self.current_identifier is None:
            return []
        return [
            o for o in self.overrides if selector_matches(o.select_pattern, self.current_identifier)
        ]
-    @contextmanager
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def identifier(self, identifier: Optional[str]) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    def identifier(self, identifier: str | None) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
        self.current_identifier = identifier
        try:
            yield
@@ -277,8 +290,8 @@ class OptionsReader:
        name: str,
        *,
        env_plat: bool = True,
-        sep: Optional[str] = None,
+        sep: str | None = None,
-        table: Optional[TableFmt] = None,
+        table: TableFmt | None = None,
        ignore_empty: bool = False,
    ) -> str:
        """
@@ -287,12 +300,14 @@ class OptionsReader:
        accept platform versions of the environment variable. If this is an
        array it will be merged with "sep" before returning. If it is a table,
        it will be formatted with "table['item']" using {k} and {v} and merged
-        with "table['sep']". Empty variables will not override if ignore_empty
+        with "table['sep']". If sep is also given, it will be used for arrays
-        is True.
+        inside the table (must match table['sep']). Empty variables will not
        override if ignore_empty is True.
        """
        if name not in self.default_options and name not in self.default_platform_options:
-            raise ConfigOptionError(f"{name} must be in cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml file")
+            msg = f"{name!r} must be in cibuildwheel/resources/defaults.toml file to be accessed."
            raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
        # Environment variable form
        envvar = f"CIBW_{name.upper().replace('-', '_')}"
@@ -316,12 +331,16 @@ class OptionsReader:
        if isinstance(result, dict):
            if table is None:
-                raise ConfigOptionError(f"{name} does not accept a table")
+                msg = f"{name!r} does not accept a table"
-            return table["sep"].join(table["item"].format(k=k, v=v) for k, v in result.items())
+                raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
            return table["sep"].join(
                item for k, v in result.items() for item in _inner_fmt(k, v, table)
            )
        if isinstance(result, list):
            if sep is None:
-                raise ConfigOptionError(f"{name} does not accept a list")
+                msg = f"{name!r} does not accept a list"
                raise ConfigOptionError(msg)
            return sep.join(result)
        if isinstance(result, int):
@@ -330,6 +349,18 @@ class OptionsReader:
        return result
 def _inner_fmt(k: str, v: Any, table: TableFmt) -> Iterator[str]:
    quote_function = table.get("quote", lambda a: a)
    if isinstance(v, list):
        for inner_v in v:
            qv = quote_function(inner_v)
            yield table["item"].format(k=k, v=qv)
    else:
        qv = quote_function(v)
        yield table["item"].format(k=k, v=qv)
 class Options:
    def __init__(self, platform: PlatformName, command_line_arguments: CommandLineArguments):
        self.platform = platform
@@ -342,7 +373,7 @@ class Options:
        )
    @property
-    def config_file_path(self) -> Optional[Path]:
+    def config_file_path(self) -> Path | None:
        args = self.command_line_arguments
        if args.config_file:
@@ -356,7 +387,7 @@ class Options:
        return None
    @cached_property
-    def package_requires_python_str(self) -> Optional[str]:
+    def package_requires_python_str(self) -> str | None:
        args = self.command_line_arguments
        return get_requires_python_str(Path(args.package_dir))
@@ -376,11 +407,20 @@ class Options:
        # This is not supported in tool.cibuildwheel, as it comes from a standard location.
        # Passing this in as an environment variable will override pyproject.toml, setup.cfg, or setup.py
-        requires_python_str: Optional[str] = (
+        requires_python_str: str | None = (
            os.environ.get("CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON") or self.package_requires_python_str
        )
        requires_python = None if requires_python_str is None else SpecifierSet(requires_python_str)
        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", sep=" ")
        architectures = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=self.platform)
        # Process `--only`
        if args.only:
            build_config = args.only
            skip_config = ""
            architectures = Architecture.all_archs(self.platform)
        build_selector = BuildSelector(
            build_config=build_config,
            skip_config=skip_config,
@@ -389,8 +429,14 @@ class Options:
        )
        test_selector = TestSelector(skip_config=test_skip)
-        archs_config_str = args.archs or self.reader.get("archs", sep=" ")
+        container_engine_str = self.reader.get("container-engine")
-        architectures = Architecture.parse_config(archs_config_str, platform=self.platform)
+
        if container_engine_str not in ["docker", "podman"]:
            msg = f"cibuildwheel: Unrecognised container_engine {container_engine_str!r}, only 'docker' and 'podman' are supported"
            print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
            sys.exit(2)
        container_engine = cast(ContainerEngine, container_engine_str)
        return GlobalOptions(
            package_dir=package_dir,
@@ -398,9 +444,10 @@ class Options:
            build_selector=build_selector,
            test_selector=test_selector,
            architectures=architectures,
            container_engine=container_engine,
        )
-    def build_options(self, identifier: Optional[str]) -> BuildOptions:
+    def build_options(self, identifier: str | None) -> BuildOptions:
        """
        Compute BuildOptions for a single run configuration.
        """
@@ -415,6 +462,9 @@ class Options:
            environment_pass = self.reader.get("environment-pass", sep=" ").split()
            before_build = self.reader.get("before-build", sep=" && ")
            repair_command = self.reader.get("repair-wheel-command", sep=" && ")
            config_settings = self.reader.get(
                "config-settings", table={"item": "{k}={v}", "sep": " ", "quote": shlex.quote}
            )
            dependency_versions = self.reader.get("dependency-versions")
            test_command = self.reader.get("test-command", sep=" && ")
@@ -429,7 +479,7 @@ class Options:
            elif build_frontend_str == "pip":
                build_frontend = "pip"
            else:
-                msg = f"cibuildwheel: Unrecognised build frontend '{build_frontend_str}', only 'pip' and 'build' are supported"
+                msg = f"cibuildwheel: Unrecognised build frontend {build_frontend_str!r}, only 'pip' and 'build' are supported"
                print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
                sys.exit(2)
@@ -437,7 +487,7 @@ class Options:
                environment = parse_environment(environment_config)
            except (EnvironmentParseError, ValueError):
                print(
-                    f'cibuildwheel: Malformed environment option "{environment_config}"',
+                    f"cibuildwheel: Malformed environment option {environment_config!r}",
                    file=sys.stderr,
                )
                traceback.print_exc(None, sys.stderr)
@@ -446,15 +496,13 @@ class Options:
            # Pass through environment variables
            if self.platform == "linux":
                for env_var_name in environment_pass:
-                    try:
+                    with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
                        environment.add(env_var_name, os.environ[env_var_name])
                    except KeyError:
                        pass
            if dependency_versions == "pinned":
-                dependency_constraints: Optional[
+                dependency_constraints: None | (
                    DependencyConstraints
-                ] = DependencyConstraints.with_defaults()
+                ) = DependencyConstraints.with_defaults()
            elif dependency_versions == "latest":
                dependency_constraints = None
            else:
@@ -469,13 +517,13 @@ class Options:
            except ValueError:
                build_verbosity = 0
-            manylinux_images: Dict[str, str] = {}
+            manylinux_images: dict[str, str] = {}
-            musllinux_images: Dict[str, str] = {}
+            musllinux_images: dict[str, str] = {}
            if self.platform == "linux":
-                all_pinned_docker_images = _get_pinned_docker_images()
+                all_pinned_container_images = _get_pinned_container_images()
                for build_platform in MANYLINUX_ARCHS:
-                    pinned_images = all_pinned_docker_images[build_platform]
+                    pinned_images = all_pinned_container_images[build_platform]
                    config_value = self.reader.get(
                        f"manylinux-{build_platform}-image", ignore_empty=True
@@ -492,7 +540,7 @@ class Options:
                    manylinux_images[build_platform] = image
                for build_platform in MUSLLINUX_ARCHS:
-                    pinned_images = all_pinned_docker_images[build_platform]
+                    pinned_images = all_pinned_container_images[build_platform]
                    config_value = self.reader.get(f"musllinux-{build_platform}-image")
@@ -520,10 +568,11 @@ class Options:
                manylinux_images=manylinux_images or None,
                musllinux_images=musllinux_images or None,
                build_frontend=build_frontend,
                config_settings=config_settings,
            )
-    def check_for_invalid_configuration(self, identifiers: List[str]) -> None:
+    def check_for_invalid_configuration(self, identifiers: list[str]) -> None:
-        if self.platform in ["macos", "windows"]:
+        if self.platform in {"macos", "windows"}:
            before_all_values = {self.build_options(i).before_all for i in identifiers}
            if len(before_all_values) > 1:
@@ -545,15 +594,18 @@ class Options:
        deprecated_selectors("CIBW_SKIP", build_selector.skip_config)
        deprecated_selectors("CIBW_TEST_SKIP", test_selector.skip_config)
-    def summary(self, identifiers: List[str]) -> str:
+    def summary(self, identifiers: list[str]) -> str:
        lines = [
            f"{option_name}: {option_value!r}"
-            for option_name, option_value in sorted(self.globals._asdict().items())
+            for option_name, option_value in sorted(dataclasses.asdict(self.globals).items())
        ]
        build_option_defaults = self.build_options(identifier=None)
        build_options_for_identifier = {
            identifier: self.build_options(identifier) for identifier in identifiers
        }
-        for option_name, default_value in sorted(build_option_defaults._asdict().items()):
+        for option_name, default_value in sorted(dataclasses.asdict(build_option_defaults).items()):
            if option_name == "globals":
                continue
@@ -561,7 +613,7 @@ class Options:
            # if any identifiers have an overridden value, print that too
            for identifier in identifiers:
-                option_value = self.build_options(identifier=identifier)._asdict()[option_name]
+                option_value = getattr(build_options_for_identifier[identifier], option_name)
                if option_value != default_value:
                    lines.append(f"  {identifier}: {option_value!r}")
@@ -578,7 +630,7 @@ def compute_options(
@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-def _get_pinned_docker_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
+def _get_pinned_container_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
    """
    This looks like a dict of dicts, e.g.
    { 'x86_64': {'manylinux1': '...', 'manylinux2010': '...', 'manylinux2014': '...'},
@@ -587,10 +639,10 @@ def _get_pinned_docker_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
      ... }
    """
-    pinned_docker_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
+    pinned_images_file = resources_dir / "pinned_docker_images.cfg"
-    all_pinned_docker_images = ConfigParser()
+    all_pinned_images = configparser.ConfigParser()
-    all_pinned_docker_images.read(pinned_docker_images_file)
+    all_pinned_images.read(pinned_images_file)
-    return all_pinned_docker_images
+    return all_pinned_images
 def deprecated_selectors(name: str, selector: str, *, error: bool = False) -> None:
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import ast
 import configparser
 import contextlib
 import sys
 from configparser import ConfigParser
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from typing import Any
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
    import tomllib
@@ -24,7 +27,7 @@ else:
 class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.requires_python: Optional[str] = None
+        self.requires_python: str | None = None
    def visit(self, node: ast.AST) -> None:
        for inner_node in ast.walk(node):
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ class Analyzer(ast.NodeVisitor):
                self.requires_python = get_constant(node.value)
-def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> Optional[str]:
+def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> str | None:
    try:
        tree = ast.parse(content)
        analyzer = Analyzer()
@@ -53,29 +56,25 @@ def setup_py_python_requires(content: str) -> Optional[str]:
        return None
-def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> Optional[str]:
+def get_requires_python_str(package_dir: Path) -> str | None:
    """Return the python requires string from the most canonical source available, or None"""
    # Read in from pyproject.toml:project.requires-python
-    try:
+    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
        with (package_dir / "pyproject.toml").open("rb") as f1:
            info = tomllib.load(f1)
-        return str(info["project"]["requires-python"])
+        with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
-    except (FileNotFoundError, KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
+            return str(info["project"]["requires-python"])
        pass
    # Read in from setup.cfg:options.python_requires
-    try:
+    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
-        config = ConfigParser()
+    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
        config.read(package_dir / "setup.cfg")
-        return str(config["options"]["python_requires"])
+        with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
-    except (FileNotFoundError, KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
+            return str(config["options"]["python_requires"])
        pass
-    try:
+    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
        with (package_dir / "setup.py").open(encoding="utf8") as f2:
            return setup_py_python_requires(f2.read())
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass
    return None
@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ python_configurations = [
  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_i686", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_i686", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
@@ -18,16 +20,19 @@ python_configurations = [
  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_ppc64le", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp36-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
  { identifier = "cp37-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-manylinux_s390x", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "pp37-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/pp37-pypy37_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
  { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
@@ -39,26 +44,31 @@ python_configurations = [
  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_i686", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_i686", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_i686", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_ppc64le", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
  { identifier = "cp36-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.6", path_str = "/opt/python/cp36-cp36m" },
  { identifier = "cp37-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.7", path_str = "/opt/python/cp37-cp37m" },
  { identifier = "cp38-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
  { identifier = "cp39-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
  { identifier = "cp310-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
  { identifier = "cp311-musllinux_s390x", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/cp311-cp311" },
 ]
 [macos]
@@ -68,12 +78,15 @@ python_configurations = [
  { identifier = "cp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp38-macosx_arm64", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp38-macosx_universal2", version = "3.8", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macosx10.9.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.12/python-3.9.12-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/python-3.9.13-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.12/python-3.9.12-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_arm64", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/python-3.9.13-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_universal2", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.12/python-3.9.12-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-macosx_universal2", version = "3.9", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.13/python-3.9.13-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/python-3.10.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.8/python-3.10.8-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/python-3.10.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_arm64", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.8/python-3.10.8-macos11.pkg" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/python-3.10.4-macos11.pkg" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-macosx_universal2", version = "3.10", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.8/python-3.10.8-macos11.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/python-3.11.0-macos11.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/python-3.11.0-macos11.pkg" },
  { identifier = "cp311-macosx_universal2", version = "3.11", url = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/python-3.11.0-macos11.pkg" },
  { identifier = "pp37-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.7", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
  { identifier = "pp38-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.8", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
  { identifier = "pp39-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.9", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.9-osx64.tar.bz2" },
@@ -87,12 +100,15 @@ python_configurations = [
  { identifier = "cp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7.9", arch = "64" },
  { identifier = "cp38-win32", version = "3.8.10", arch = "32" },
  { identifier = "cp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8.10", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.12", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win32", version = "3.9.13", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.12", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9.13", arch = "64" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.4", arch = "32" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win32", version = "3.10.8", arch = "32" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.4", arch = "64" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10.8", arch = "64" },
  { identifier = "cp311-win32", version = "3.11.0", arch = "32" },
  { identifier = "cp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11.0", arch = "64" },
  { identifier = "cp39-win_arm64", version = "3.9.10", arch = "ARM64" },
-  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.4", arch = "ARM64" },
+  { identifier = "cp310-win_arm64", version = "3.10.8", arch = "ARM64" },
  { identifier = "cp311-win_arm64", version = "3.11.0", arch = "ARM64" },
  { identifier = "pp37-win_amd64", version = "3.7", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.7-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
  { identifier = "pp38-win_amd64", version = "3.8", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.8-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
  { identifier = "pp39-win_amd64", version = "3.9", arch = "64", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.9-v7.3.9-win64.zip" },
@@ -2,21 +2,19 @@
 # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.10
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.10
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.6
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.6.0
+filelock==3.8.0
    # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.5.1
+platformdirs==2.5.2
    # via virtualenv
-six==1.16.0
+typing-extensions==4.4.0
    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.1.1
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.0
+virtualenv==20.16.5
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ wheel==0.37.1
    #   delocate
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==22.0.4
+pip==22.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==61.3.1
+setuptools==65.5.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
 #
 # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.11
 # To update, run:
 #
 #    nox -s update_constraints-3.11
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 distlib==0.3.6
    # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.8.0
    # via virtualenv
 platformdirs==2.5.2
    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.4.0
    # via delocate
 virtualenv==20.16.5
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
    #   delocate
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
 pip==22.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 setuptools==65.5.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.6
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.6
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.6
    # via virtualenv
 filelock==3.4.1
    # via virtualenv
@@ -16,13 +16,11 @@ importlib-resources==5.4.0
    # via virtualenv
 platformdirs==2.4.0
    # via virtualenv
 six==1.16.0
    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.1.1
    # via
    #   delocate
    #   importlib-metadata
-virtualenv==20.14.0
+virtualenv==20.16.5
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
@@ -2,35 +2,33 @@
 # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.7
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.7
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.6
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.6.0
+filelock==3.8.0
    # via virtualenv
-importlib-metadata==4.11.3
+importlib-metadata==5.0.0
    # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.5.1
+platformdirs==2.5.2
    # via virtualenv
-six==1.16.0
+typing-extensions==4.4.0
    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.1.1
    # via
    #   delocate
    #   importlib-metadata
-virtualenv==20.14.0
+virtualenv==20.16.5
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
    #   -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
    #   delocate
-zipp==3.8.0
+zipp==3.10.0
    # via importlib-metadata
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==22.0.4
+pip==22.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==61.3.1
+setuptools==65.5.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -2,21 +2,19 @@
 # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.8
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.8
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.6
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.6.0
+filelock==3.8.0
    # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.5.1
+platformdirs==2.5.2
    # via virtualenv
-six==1.16.0
+typing-extensions==4.4.0
    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.1.1
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.0
+virtualenv==20.16.5
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ wheel==0.37.1
    #   delocate
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==22.0.4
+pip==22.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==61.3.1
+setuptools==65.5.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -2,21 +2,19 @@
 # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.9
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.9
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.6
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.6.0
+filelock==3.8.0
    # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.5.1
+platformdirs==2.5.2
    # via virtualenv
-six==1.16.0
+typing-extensions==4.4.0
    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.1.1
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.0
+virtualenv==20.16.5
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ wheel==0.37.1
    #   delocate
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==22.0.4
+pip==22.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==61.3.1
+setuptools==65.5.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
 #
-# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.9
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.11
 # To update, run:
 #
-#    bin/update_dependencies.py
+#    nox -s update_constraints-3.11
 #
 delocate==0.10.2
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-distlib==0.3.4
+distlib==0.3.6
    # via virtualenv
-filelock==3.6.0
+filelock==3.8.0
    # via virtualenv
-platformdirs==2.5.1
+platformdirs==2.5.2
    # via virtualenv
-six==1.16.0
+typing-extensions==4.4.0
    # via virtualenv
 typing-extensions==4.1.1
    # via delocate
-virtualenv==20.14.0
+virtualenv==20.16.5
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
 wheel==0.37.1
    # via
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ wheel==0.37.1
    #   delocate
 # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file:
-pip==22.0.4
+pip==22.3
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
-setuptools==61.3.1
+setuptools==65.5.0
    # via -r cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ test-skip = ""
 archs = ["auto"]
 build-frontend = "pip"
 config-settings = {}
 dependency-versions = "pinned"
 environment = {}
 environment-pass = []
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ before-test = ""
 test-requires = []
 test-extras = []
 container-engine = "docker"
 manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-aarch64-image = "manylinux2014"
@@ -39,9 +42,6 @@ musllinux-s390x-image = "musllinux_1_1"
 repair-wheel-command = "auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
 [tool.cibuildwheel.macos]
-repair-wheel-command = [
+repair-wheel-command = "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}"
  "delocate-listdeps {wheel}",
  "delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} {wheel}",
 ]
 [tool.cibuildwheel.windows]
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 # for the ssl module.  Uses the certificates provided by the certifi package:
 #       https://pypi.org/project/certifi/
 import contextlib
 import os
 import os.path
 import ssl
@@ -39,10 +40,8 @@ def main():
    relpath_to_certifi_cafile = os.path.relpath(certifi.where())
    print(" -- removing any existing file or link")
-    try:
+    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
        os.remove(openssl_cafile)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass
    print(" -- creating symlink to certifi certificate bundle")
    os.symlink(relpath_to_certifi_cafile, openssl_cafile)
@@ -1,43 +1,49 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2022-04-03-9524524
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_x86_64:2022-10-15-7701e25
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-10-25-fbea779
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-10-25-fbea779
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2022-10-25-fbea779
 musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_x86_64:2022-10-25-fbea779
 [i686]
-manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2022-04-03-9524524
+manylinux1 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux1_i686:2022-10-15-7701e25
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-10-25-fbea779
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-10-25-fbea779
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_i686:2022-10-25-fbea779
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_x86_64:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2022-10-25-fbea779
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_x86_64:2022-10-25-fbea779
 manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2022-10-25-fbea779
 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux2010 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2010_i686:2022-08-05-4535177
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2022-10-25-fbea779
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_i686:2022-10-25-fbea779
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-10-25-fbea779
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-10-25-fbea779
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2022-10-25-fbea779
 musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_aarch64:2022-10-25-fbea779
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2022-10-25-fbea779
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_ppc64le:2022-10-25-fbea779
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2022-10-25-fbea779
 musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_ppc64le:2022-10-25-fbea779
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2022-10-25-fbea779
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_s390x:2022-10-25-fbea779
-musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2022-10-25-fbea779
 musllinux_1_1 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_1_s390x:2022-10-25-fbea779
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2022-10-25-fbea779
-manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-04-03-da6ecb3
+manylinux_2_24 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_24_aarch64:2022-10-25-fbea779
 manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2022-10-25-fbea779
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-version = "20.13.3"
+version = "20.16.5"
-url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.13.3/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"
+url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.16.5/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NoReturn, Set, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Union
 if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
    from typing_extensions import Final, Literal, OrderedDict, Protocol, TypedDict
 else:
    from typing import Final, Literal, OrderedDict, Protocol, TypedDict
 if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, assert_never
 else:
    from typing import NotRequired, assert_never
 __all__ = (
    "Final",
@@ -19,11 +25,10 @@ __all__ = (
    "PLATFORMS",
    "PopenBytes",
    "Protocol",
    "Set",
    "TypedDict",
    "OrderedDict",
    "Union",
    "assert_never",
    "NotRequired",
 )
@@ -36,8 +41,4 @@ else:
 PlatformName = Literal["linux", "macos", "windows"]
-PLATFORMS: Final[Set[PlatformName]] = {"linux", "macos", "windows"}
+PLATFORMS: Final[set[PlatformName]] = {"linux", "macos", "windows"}
 def assert_never(value: NoReturn) -> NoReturn:
    assert False, f"Unhandled value: {value} ({type(value).__name__})"  # noqa: B011
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import contextlib
 import dataclasses
 import fnmatch
 import itertools
 import os
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import sys
 import textwrap
 import time
 import urllib.request
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
 from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
@@ -18,16 +20,11 @@ from time import sleep
 from typing import (
    Any,
    ClassVar,
    Dict,
    Generator,
    Iterable,
    List,
    NamedTuple,
    Optional,
    Sequence,
    TextIO,
    TypeVar,
    Union,
    cast,
    overload,
 )
@@ -54,7 +51,7 @@ __all__ = [
    "MANYLINUX_ARCHS",
    "call",
    "shell",
-    "find_compatible_abi3_wheel",
+    "find_compatible_wheel",
    "format_safe",
    "prepare_command",
    "get_build_verbosity_extra_flags",
@@ -63,15 +60,16 @@ __all__ = [
    "strtobool",
    "cached_property",
    "chdir",
    "split_config_settings",
 ]
-resources_dir: Final = Path(__file__).parent / "resources"
+resources_dir: Final[Path] = Path(__file__).parent / "resources"
-install_certifi_script: Final = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
+install_certifi_script: Final[Path] = resources_dir / "install_certifi.py"
 BuildFrontend = Literal["pip", "build"]
-MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final = (
+MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
    "x86_64",
    "i686",
    "pypy_x86_64",
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ MANYLINUX_ARCHS: Final = (
    "pypy_i686",
 )
-MUSLLINUX_ARCHS: Final = (
+MUSLLINUX_ARCHS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
    "x86_64",
    "i686",
    "aarch64",
@@ -90,17 +88,19 @@ MUSLLINUX_ARCHS: Final = (
    "s390x",
 )
-DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
+DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = user_cache_path(appname="cibuildwheel", appauthor="pypa")
-CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final = Path(os.environ.get("CIBW_CACHE_PATH", DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH)).resolve()
+CIBW_CACHE_PATH: Final[Path] = Path(
    os.environ.get("CIBW_CACHE_PATH", DEFAULT_CIBW_CACHE_PATH)
 ).resolve()
-IS_WIN: Final = sys.platform.startswith("win")
+IS_WIN: Final[bool] = sys.platform.startswith("win")
@overload
 def call(
    *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
-    cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
    capture_stdout: Literal[False] = ...,
 ) -> None:
    ...
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ def call(
@overload
 def call(
    *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
-    cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
    capture_stdout: Literal[True],
 ) -> str:
    ...
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ def call(
 def call(
    *args: PathOrStr,
-    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    env: dict[str, str] | None = None,
-    cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None,
+    cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
    capture_stdout: bool = False,
-) -> Optional[str]:
+) -> str | None:
    """
    Run subprocess.run, but print the commands first. Takes the commands as
    *args. Uses shell=True on Windows due to a bug. Also converts to
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def call(
    args_ = [str(arg) for arg in args]
    # print the command executing for the logs
    print("+ " + " ".join(shlex.quote(a) for a in args_))
-    kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
    if capture_stdout:
        kwargs["universal_newlines"] = True
        kwargs["stdout"] = subprocess.PIPE
@@ -141,15 +141,13 @@ def call(
    return cast(str, result.stdout)
-def shell(
+def shell(*commands: str, env: dict[str, str] | None = None, cwd: PathOrStr | None = None) -> None:
    *commands: str, env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, cwd: Optional[PathOrStr] = None
 ) -> None:
    command = " ".join(commands)
    print(f"+ {command}")
    subprocess.run(command, env=env, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
-def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
+def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
    """
    Works similarly to `template.format(**kwargs)`, except that unmatched
    fields in `template` are passed through untouched.
@@ -177,11 +175,9 @@ def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
            re.VERBOSE,
        )
        # we use a function for repl to prevent re.sub interpreting backslashes
        # in repl as escape sequences.
        result = re.sub(
            pattern=find_pattern,
-            repl=lambda _: str(value),  # pylint: disable=cell-var-from-loop
+            repl=str(value).replace("\\", r"\\"),
            string=result,
        )
@@ -201,7 +197,7 @@ def prepare_command(command: str, **kwargs: PathOrStr) -> str:
    return format_safe(command, python="python", pip="pip", **kwargs)
-def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> List[str]:
+def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> list[str]:
    if level > 0:
        return ["-" + level * "v"]
    elif level < 0:
@@ -210,11 +206,16 @@ def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> List[str]:
        return []
-def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
+def split_config_settings(config_settings: str) -> list[str]:
    config_settings_list = shlex.split(config_settings)
    return [f"--config-setting={setting}" for setting in config_settings_list]
 def read_python_configs(config: PlatformName) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
    input_file = resources_dir / "build-platforms.toml"
    with input_file.open("rb") as f:
        loaded_file = tomllib.load(f)
-    results: List[Dict[str, str]] = list(loaded_file[config]["python_configurations"])
+    results: list[dict[str, str]] = list(loaded_file[config]["python_configurations"])
    return results
@@ -233,22 +234,21 @@ def selector_matches(patterns: str, string: str) -> bool:
 # Once we require Python 3.10+, we can add kw_only=True
-@dataclasses.dataclass
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class IdentifierSelector:
+class BuildSelector:
    """
    This class holds a set of build/skip patterns. You call an instance with a
    build identifier, and it returns True if that identifier should be
    included. Only call this on valid identifiers, ones that have at least 2
-    numeric digits before the first dash. If a pre-release version X.Y is present,
+    numeric digits before the first dash.
    you can filter it with prerelease="XY".
    """
    build_config: str
    skip_config: str
    requires_python: SpecifierSet | None = None
    # a pattern that skips prerelease versions, when include_prereleases is False.
    PRERELEASE_SKIP: ClassVar[str] = ""
    skip_config: str
    build_config: str
    requires_python: Optional[SpecifierSet] = None
    prerelease_pythons: bool = False
    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -271,16 +271,17 @@ class IdentifierSelector:
        return should_build and not should_skip
-@dataclasses.dataclass
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class BuildSelector(IdentifierSelector):
+class TestSelector:
-    pass
+    """
    A build selector that can only skip tests according to a skip pattern.
    """
    skip_config: str
-# Note that requires-python is not needed for TestSelector, as you can't test
+    def __call__(self, build_id: str) -> bool:
-# what you can't build.
+        should_skip = selector_matches(self.skip_config, build_id)
-@dataclasses.dataclass
+        return not should_skip
 class TestSelector(IdentifierSelector):
    build_config: str = "*"
 # Taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/107717
@@ -317,7 +318,7 @@ def download(url: str, dest: Path) -> None:
                dest.write_bytes(response.read())
                return
-        except urllib.error.URLError:
+        except OSError:
            if i == repeat_num - 1:
                raise
            sleep(3)
@@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ class DependencyConstraints:
        self.base_file_path = base_file_path.resolve()
    @staticmethod
-    def with_defaults() -> "DependencyConstraints":
+    def with_defaults() -> DependencyConstraints:
        return DependencyConstraints(base_file_path=resources_dir / "constraints.txt")
    def get_for_python_version(self, version: str) -> Path:
@@ -373,6 +374,20 @@ class NonPlatformWheelError(Exception):
        super().__init__(message)
 class AlreadyBuiltWheelError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, wheel_name: str) -> None:
        message = textwrap.dedent(
            f"""
            cibuildwheel: Build failed because a wheel named {wheel_name} was already generated in the current run.
            If you expected another wheel to be generated, check your project configuration, or run
            cibuildwheel with CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY=1 to view build logs.
            """
        )
        super().__init__(message)
 def strtobool(val: str) -> bool:
    return val.lower() in {"y", "yes", "t", "true", "on", "1"}
@@ -384,10 +399,11 @@ class CIProvider(Enum):
    azure_pipelines = "azure_pipelines"
    github_actions = "github_actions"
    gitlab = "gitlab"
    cirrus_ci = "cirrus_ci"
    other = "other"
-def detect_ci_provider() -> Optional[CIProvider]:
+def detect_ci_provider() -> CIProvider | None:
    if "TRAVIS" in os.environ:
        return CIProvider.travis_ci
    elif "APPVEYOR" in os.environ:
@@ -400,6 +416,8 @@ def detect_ci_provider() -> Optional[CIProvider]:
        return CIProvider.github_actions
    elif "GITLAB_CI" in os.environ:
        return CIProvider.gitlab
    elif "CIRRUS_CI" in os.environ:
        return CIProvider.cirrus_ci
    elif strtobool(os.environ.get("CI", "false")):
        return CIProvider.other
    else:
@@ -418,6 +436,12 @@ def unwrap(text: str) -> str:
    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text)
@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class FileReport:
    name: str
    size: str
@contextlib.contextmanager
 def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
    """
@@ -432,16 +456,12 @@ def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
    yield
    final_contents = set(output_dir.iterdir())
    class FileReport(NamedTuple):
        name: str
        size: str
    new_contents = [
        FileReport(wheel.name, f"{(wheel.stat().st_size + 1023) // 1024:,d}")
        for wheel in final_contents - existing_contents
    ]
-    if len(new_contents) == 0:
+    if not new_contents:
        return
    max_name_len = max(len(f.name) for f in new_contents)
@@ -458,7 +478,7 @@ def print_new_wheels(msg: str, output_dir: Path) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
    )
-def get_pip_version(env: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+def get_pip_version(env: dict[str, str]) -> str:
    versions_output_text = call(
        "python", "-m", "pip", "freeze", "--all", capture_stdout=True, env=env
    )
@@ -486,7 +506,7 @@ def _ensure_virtualenv() -> Path:
 def _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(
    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
    """
    Parses the constraints file referenced by `dependency_constraint_flags` and returns a dict where
    the key is the package name, and the value is the constraint version.
@@ -506,7 +526,7 @@ def _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(
        with constraint_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as constraint_file:
            for line in constraint_file:
                line = line.strip()
-                if len(line) == 0:
+                if not line:
                    continue
                if line.startswith("#"):
                    continue
@@ -532,7 +552,7 @@ def _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(
 def virtualenv(
    python: Path, venv_path: Path, dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr]
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
    assert python.exists()
    virtualenv_app = _ensure_virtualenv()
    constraints = _parse_constraints_for_virtualenv(dependency_constraint_flags)
@@ -574,36 +594,47 @@ def virtualenv(
 T = TypeVar("T", bound=PurePath)
-def find_compatible_abi3_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> Optional[T]:
+def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
    """
-    Finds an ABI3 wheel in `wheels` compatible with the Python interpreter
+    Finds a wheel with an abi3 or a none ABI tag in `wheels` compatible with the Python interpreter
-    specified by `identifier`.
+    specified by `identifier` that is previously built.
    """
    interpreter, platform = identifier.split("-")
    if not interpreter.startswith("cp3"):
        return None
    for wheel in wheels:
        _, _, _, tags = parse_wheel_filename(wheel.name)
        for tag in tags:
-            if tag.abi != "abi3":
+            if tag.abi == "abi3":
                # ABI3 wheels must start with cp3 for impl and tag
                if not (interpreter.startswith("cp3") and tag.interpreter.startswith("cp3")):
                    continue
            elif tag.abi == "none":
                # CPythonless wheels must include py3 tag
                if tag.interpreter[:3] != "py3":
                    continue
            else:
                # Other types of wheels are not detected, this is looking for previously built wheels.
                continue
-            if not tag.interpreter.startswith("cp3"):
+
-                continue
+            if tag.interpreter != "py3" and int(tag.interpreter[3:]) > int(interpreter[3:]):
-            if int(tag.interpreter[3:]) > int(interpreter[3:]):
+                # If a minor version number is given, it has to be lower than the current one.
                continue
            if platform.startswith(("manylinux", "musllinux", "macosx")):
-                # Linux, macOS
+                # Linux, macOS require the beginning and ending match (macos/manylinux version doesn't need to)
                os_, arch = platform.split("_", 1)
                if not tag.platform.startswith(os_):
                    continue
-                if not tag.platform.endswith("_" + arch):
+                if not tag.platform.endswith(f"_{arch}"):
                    continue
            else:
-                # Windows
+                # Windows should exactly match
                if not tag.platform == platform:
                    continue
            # If all the filters above pass, then the wheel is a previously built compatible wheel.
            return wheel
    return None
@@ -615,7 +646,7 @@ else:
 # Can be replaced by contextlib.chdir in Python 3.11
@contextlib.contextmanager
-def chdir(new_path: Union[Path, str]) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+def chdir(new_path: Path | str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
    """Non thread-safe context manager to change the current working directory."""
    cwd = os.getcwd()
@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import platform as platform_module
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence, Set
+from typing import Sequence
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 from filelock import FileLock
@@ -17,26 +22,35 @@ from .options import Options
 from .typing import PathOrStr, assert_never
 from .util import (
    CIBW_CACHE_PATH,
    AlreadyBuiltWheelError,
    BuildFrontend,
    BuildSelector,
    NonPlatformWheelError,
    call,
    download,
-    find_compatible_abi3_wheel,
+    find_compatible_wheel,
    get_build_verbosity_extra_flags,
    get_pip_version,
    prepare_command,
    read_python_configs,
    shell,
    split_config_settings,
    unwrap,
    virtualenv,
 )
-def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str, output_directory: Path) -> List[str]:
+def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str, output_directory: Path) -> list[str]:
-    platform_suffix = {"32": "x86", "64": "", "ARM64": "arm64"}
+    package_name = {
-    python_name = "python" + platform_suffix[arch]
+        "32": "pythonx86",
        "64": "python",
        "ARM64": "pythonarm64",
        # Aliases for platform.machine() return values
        "x86": "pythonx86",
        "AMD64": "python",
    }[arch]
    return [
-        python_name,
+        package_name,
        "-Version",
        version,
        "-FallbackSource",
@@ -46,17 +60,18 @@ def get_nuget_args(version: str, arch: str, output_directory: Path) -> List[str]
    ]
-class PythonConfiguration(NamedTuple):
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
 class PythonConfiguration:
    version: str
    arch: str
    identifier: str
-    url: Optional[str] = None
+    url: str | None = None
 def get_python_configurations(
    build_selector: BuildSelector,
-    architectures: Set[Architecture],
+    architectures: set[Architecture],
-) -> List[PythonConfiguration]:
+) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
    full_python_configs = read_python_configs("windows")
@@ -115,23 +130,115 @@ def install_pypy(tmp: Path, arch: str, url: str) -> Path:
    return installation_path / "python.exe"
 def setup_setuptools_cross_compile(
    tmp: Path,
    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
    python_libs_base: Path,
    env: dict[str, str],
 ) -> None:
    distutils_cfg = tmp / "extra-setup.cfg"
    env["DIST_EXTRA_CONFIG"] = str(distutils_cfg)
    log.notice(f"Setting DIST_EXTRA_CONFIG={distutils_cfg} for cross-compilation")
    # Ensure our additional import libraries are made available, and explicitly
    # set the platform name
    map_plat = {"32": "win32", "64": "win-amd64", "ARM64": "win-arm64"}
    plat_name = map_plat[python_configuration.arch]
    # (This file must be default/locale encoding, so we can't pass 'encoding')
    distutils_cfg.write_text(
        textwrap.dedent(
            f"""\
            [build]
            plat_name={plat_name}
            [build_ext]
            library_dirs={python_libs_base}
            plat_name={plat_name}
            [bdist_wheel]
            plat_name={plat_name}
            """
        )
    )
    # setuptools builds require explicit override of PYD extension
    # This is because it always gets the extension from the running
    # interpreter, and has no logic to construct it. Currently, CPython's
    # extensions follow our identifiers, but if they ever diverge in the
    # future, we will need to store new data
    log.notice(
        f"Setting SETUPTOOLS_EXT_SUFFIX=.{python_configuration.identifier}.pyd for cross-compilation"
    )
    env["SETUPTOOLS_EXT_SUFFIX"] = f".{python_configuration.identifier}.pyd"
    # Cross-compilation requires fixes that only exist in setuptools's copy of
    # distutils, so ensure that it is activated
    # Since not all projects can handle the newer distutils, display a warning
    # to help them figure out what may have gone wrong if this breaks for them
    log.notice("Setting SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=local as it is required for cross-compilation")
    env["SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS"] = "local"
 # these cross-compile setup functions have the same signature by design
 # pylint: disable=unused-argument
 def setup_rust_cross_compile(
    tmp: Path,
    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
    python_libs_base: Path,
    env: dict[str, str],
 ) -> None:
    # Assume that MSVC will be used, because we already know that we are
    # cross-compiling. MinGW users can set CARGO_BUILD_TARGET themselves
    # and we will respect the existing value.
    cargo_target = {
        "64": "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
        "32": "i686-pc-windows-msvc",
        "ARM64": "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc",
    }.get(python_configuration.arch)
    # CARGO_BUILD_TARGET is the variable used by Cargo and setuptools_rust
    if env.get("CARGO_BUILD_TARGET"):
        if env["CARGO_BUILD_TARGET"] != cargo_target:
            log.notice("Not overriding CARGO_BUILD_TARGET as it has already been set")
        # No message if it was set to what we were planning to set it to
    elif cargo_target:
        log.notice(f"Setting CARGO_BUILD_TARGET={cargo_target} for cross-compilation")
        env["CARGO_BUILD_TARGET"] = cargo_target
    else:
        log.warning(
            f"Unable to configure Rust cross-compilation for architecture {python_configuration.arch}"
        )
 def setup_python(
    tmp: Path,
    python_configuration: PythonConfiguration,
    dependency_constraint_flags: Sequence[PathOrStr],
    environment: ParsedEnvironment,
    build_frontend: BuildFrontend,
-) -> Dict[str, str]:
+) -> dict[str, str]:
    tmp.mkdir()
    implementation_id = python_configuration.identifier.split("-")[0]
    python_libs_base = None
    log.step(f"Installing Python {implementation_id}...")
    if implementation_id.startswith("cp"):
-        base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch)
+        native_arch = platform_module.machine()
        if python_configuration.arch == "ARM64" != native_arch:
            # To cross-compile for ARM64, we need a native CPython to run the
            # build, and a copy of the ARM64 import libraries ('.\libs\*.lib')
            # for any extension modules.
            python_libs_base = install_cpython(
                python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch
            )
            python_libs_base = python_libs_base.parent / "libs"
            log.step(f"Installing native Python {native_arch} for cross-compilation...")
            base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration.version, native_arch)
        else:
            base_python = install_cpython(python_configuration.version, python_configuration.arch)
    elif implementation_id.startswith("pp"):
        assert python_configuration.url is not None
        base_python = install_pypy(tmp, python_configuration.arch, python_configuration.url)
    else:
-        raise ValueError("Unknown Python implementation")
+        msg = "Unknown Python implementation"
        raise ValueError(msg)
    assert base_python.exists()
    log.step("Setting up build environment...")
@@ -227,6 +334,11 @@ def setup_python(
    else:
        assert_never(build_frontend)
    if python_libs_base:
        # Set up the environment for various backends to enable cross-compilation
        setup_setuptools_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
        setup_rust_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
    return env
@@ -235,7 +347,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        options.globals.build_selector, options.globals.architectures
    )
-    if len(python_configurations) == 0:
+    if not python_configurations:
        return
    try:
@@ -250,7 +362,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
            )
            shell(before_all_prepared, env=env)
-        built_wheels: List[Path] = []
+        built_wheels: list[Path] = []
        for config in python_configurations:
            build_options = options.build_options(config.identifier)
@@ -277,19 +389,21 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                build_options.build_frontend,
            )
-            abi3_wheel = find_compatible_abi3_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
+            compatible_wheel = find_compatible_wheel(built_wheels, config.identifier)
-            if abi3_wheel:
+            if compatible_wheel:
                log.step_end()
                print(
-                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {abi3_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
+                    f"\nFound previously built wheel {compatible_wheel.name}, that's compatible with {config.identifier}. Skipping build step..."
                )
-                repaired_wheel = abi3_wheel
+                repaired_wheel = compatible_wheel
            else:
                # run the before_build command
                if build_options.before_build:
                    log.step("Running before_build...")
                    before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.before_build, project=".", package=options.globals.package_dir
+                        build_options.before_build,
                        project=".",
                        package=options.globals.package_dir,
                    )
                    shell(before_build_prepared, env=env)
@@ -297,8 +411,10 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                built_wheel_dir.mkdir()
                verbosity_flags = get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity)
                extra_flags = split_config_settings(build_options.config_settings)
                if build_options.build_frontend == "pip":
                    extra_flags += verbosity_flags
                    # Path.resolve() is needed. Without it pip wheel may try to fetch package from pypi.org
                    # see https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/369
                    call(
@@ -309,11 +425,12 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                        options.globals.package_dir.resolve(),
                        f"--wheel-dir={built_wheel_dir}",
                        "--no-deps",
-                        *get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(build_options.build_verbosity),
+                        *extra_flags,
                        env=env,
                    )
                elif build_options.build_frontend == "build":
-                    config_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
+                    verbosity_setting = " ".join(verbosity_flags)
                    extra_flags += (f"--config-setting={verbosity_setting}",)
                    build_env = env.copy()
                    if build_options.dependency_constraints:
                        constraints_path = (
@@ -340,7 +457,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                            build_options.package_dir,
                            "--wheel",
                            f"--outdir={built_wheel_dir}",
-                            f"--config-setting={config_setting}",
+                            *extra_flags,
                            env=build_env,
                        )
                else:
@@ -357,7 +474,9 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                if build_options.repair_command:
                    log.step("Repairing wheel...")
                    repair_command_prepared = prepare_command(
-                        build_options.repair_command, wheel=built_wheel, dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir
+                        build_options.repair_command,
                        wheel=built_wheel,
                        dest_dir=repaired_wheel_dir,
                    )
                    shell(repair_command_prepared, env=env)
                else:
@@ -365,7 +484,23 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                repaired_wheel = next(repaired_wheel_dir.glob("*.whl"))
                if repaired_wheel.name in {wheel.name for wheel in built_wheels}:
                    raise AlreadyBuiltWheelError(repaired_wheel.name)
            if build_options.test_command and options.globals.test_selector(config.identifier):
                if config.arch == "ARM64" != platform_module.machine():
                    log.warning(
                        unwrap(
                            """
                            While arm64 wheels can be built on other platforms, they cannot
                            be tested. An arm64 runner is required. To silence this warning,
                            set `CIBW_TEST_SKIP: *-win_arm64`.
                            """
                        )
                    )
                    # skip this test
                    continue
                log.step("Testing wheel...")
                # set up a virtual environment to install and test from, to make sure
                # there are no dependencies that were pulled in at build time.
@@ -418,7 +553,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                shell(test_command_prepared, cwd="c:\\", env=virtualenv_env)
            # we're all done here; move it to output (remove if already exists)
-            if abi3_wheel is None:
+            if compatible_wheel is None:
                shutil.move(str(repaired_wheel), build_options.output_dir)
                built_wheels.append(build_options.output_dir / repaired_wheel.name)
@@ -2,12 +2,125 @@
 title: Changelog
 ---
 # Changelog
 ### v2.11.2
 _26 October 2022_
 - 🛠 Updates CPython 3.11 to 3.11.0 - final release (#1327)
 - 🛠 Simplify the default macOS repair command (#1322)
 - 🛠 Fix the default `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` on arm64 (#1312)
 - 🛠 Hide irrelevant pip warnings on linux (#1311)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug that caused the stdout and stderr of commands in containers to be in the wrong order Previously, stdout could appear after stderr. (#1324)
 - 📚 Added [a FAQ entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#macos-building-cpython-38-wheels-on-arm64) describing how to perform native builds of CPython 3.8 wheels on Apple Silicon. (#1323)
 - 📚 Other docs improvements
 ### v2.11.1
 _13 October 2022_
 - 🛠 Updates to the latest manylinux images, and updates CPython 3.10 to 3.10.8.
 ### v2.11.0
 _13 October 2022_
 - 🌟 Adds support for cross-compiling Windows ARM64 wheels. To use this feature, add `ARM64` to the [CIBW_ARCHS](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#archs) option on a Windows Intel runner. (#1144)
 - ✨ Adds support for building Linux aarch64 wheels on Circle CI. (#1307)
 - ✨ Adds support for building Windows wheels on Gitlab CI. (#1295)
 - ✨ Adds support for building Linux aarch64 wheels under emulation on Gitlab CI. (#1295)
 - ✨ Adds the ability to test `cp38-macosx_arm64` wheels on a native arm64 runner. To do this, you'll need to preinstall the (experimental) [universal2 version of CPython 3.8](https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg) on your arm64 runner before invoking cibuildwheel. Note: it is not recommended to build x86_64 wheels with this setup, your wheels will have limited compatibility wrt macOS versions. (#1283)
 - 🛠 Improved error messages when using custom Docker images and Python cannot be found at the correct path. (#1298)
 - 📚 Sample configs for Azure Pipelines and Travis CI updated (#1296)
 - 📚 Other docs improvements - including more information about using Homebrew for build dependencies (#1290)
 ### v2.10.2
 _25 September 2022_
 - 🐛 Fix a bug that caused `win32` identifiers to fail when used with `--only`. (#1282)
 - 🐛 Fix computation of `auto`/`auto64`/`auto32` archs when targeting a different platform to the one that you're running cibuildwheel on. (#1266)
 - 📚 Fix an mistake in the 'how it works' diagram. (#1274)
 ### v2.10.1
 _18 September 2022_
 - 🐛 Fix a bug that stopped environment variables specified in TOML from being expanded. (#1273)
 ### v2.10.0
 _13 September 2022_
 - 🌟 Adds support for [building wheels on Cirrus CI](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/setup/#cirrus-ci). This is exciting for us, as it's the first public CI platform that natively supports macOS Apple Silicon (aka. M1, `arm64`) runners. As such, it's the first platform that you can natively build _and test_ macOS `arm64` wheels. It also has native Linux ARM (aarch64) runners, for fast, native builds there. (#1191)
 - 🌟 Adds support for running cibuildwheel on Apple Silicon machines. For a while, we've supported cross-compilation of Apple Silicon wheels on `x86_64`, but now that we have Cirrus CI we can run our test suite and officially support running cibuildwheel on `arm64`. (#1191)
 - ✨ Adds the `--only` [command line option](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line), to specify a single build to run. Previously, it could be cumbersome to set all the build selection options to target a specific build - for example, you might have to run something like `CIBW_BUILD=cp39-manylinux_x86_64 cibuildwheel --platform linux --archs x86_64`. The new `--only` option overrides all the build selection options to simplify running a single build, which now looks like `cibuildwheel --only cp39-manylinux_x86_64`. (#1098)
 - ✨ Adds the [`CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#config-settings) option, so you can pass arguments to your package's build backend (#1244)
 - 🛠 Updates the CPython 3.11 version to the latest release candidate - v3.11.0rc2. (#1265)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug that can cause a RecursionError on Windows when building from an sdist. (#1253)
 - 🛠 Add support for the s390x architecture on manylinux_2_28 (#1255)
 ### v2.9.0
 _11 August 2022_
 - 🌟 CPython 3.11 wheels are now built by default - without the CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS flag. It's time to build and upload these wheels to PyPI! This release includes CPython 3.11.0rc1, which is guaranteed to be ABI compatible with the final release. (#1226)
 - ⚠️ Removed support for running cibuildwheel in Python 3.6. Python 3.6 is EOL. However, cibuildwheel continues to build CPython 3.6 wheels for the moment. (#1175)
 - ✨ Improved error messages when misspelling TOML options, suggesting close matches (#1205)
 - 🛠 When running on Apple Silicon (so far, an unsupported mode of operation), cibuildwheel no longer builds universal2 wheels by default - just arm64. See [#1204](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/1204) for discussion. We hope to release official support for native builds on Apple Silicon soon! (#1217)
 ### v2.8.1
 _18 July 2022_
 - 🐛 Fix a bug when building CPython 3.8 wheels on an Apple Silicon machine where testing would always fail. cibuildwheel will no longer attempt to test the arm64 part of CPython 3.8 wheels because we use the x86_64 installer of CPython 3.8 due to its macOS system version backward-compatibility. See [#1169](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/pull/1169) for more details. (#1171)
 - 🛠 Update the prerelease CPython 3.11 to 3.11.0b4. (#1180)
 - 🛠 The GitHub Action will ensure a compatible version of Python is installed on the runner (#1114)
 - 📚 A few docs improvements
 ### v2.8.0
 _5 July 2022_
 - ✨ You can now run cibuildwheel on Podman, as an alternate container engine to Docker (which remains the default). This is useful in environments where a Docker daemon isn't available, for example, it can be run inside a Docker container, or without root access. To use Podman, set the [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) option. (#966)
 - ✨ Adds support for building `py3-none-{platform}` wheels. This works the same as ABI3 - wheels won't be rebuilt, but tests will still be run across all selected versions of Python.
    These wheels contain native extension code, but don't use the Python APIs. Typically, they're bridged to Python using a FFI module like [ctypes](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html) or [cffi](https://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/). Because they don't use Python ABI, the wheels are more compatible - they work across many Python versions.
    Check out this [example ctypes project](https://github.com/joerick/python-ctypes-package-sample) to see an example of how it works. (#1151)
 - 🛠 cibuildwheel will now error if multiple builds in a single run produce the same wheel filename, as this indicates a misconfiguration. (#1152)
 - 📚 A few docs improvements and updates to keep things up-to-date.
 ### v2.7.0
 _17 June 2022_
 - 🌟 Added support for the new `manylinux_2_28` images. These new images are based on AlmaLinux, the community-driven successor to CentOS, unlike manylinux_2_24, which was based on Debian. To build on these images, set your [`CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#linux-image) option to `manylinux_2_28`. (#1026)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug where tests were not being run on CPython 3.11 (when CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS was set) (#1138)
 - ✨ You can now build Linux wheels on Windows, as long as you have Docker installed and set to 'Linux containers' (#1117)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug on macOS that caused cibuildwheel to crash trying to overwrite a previously-built wheel of the same name. (#1129)
 ### v2.6.1
 _7 June 2022_
 - 🛠 Update the prerelease CPython 3.11 to 3.11.0b3
 ### v2.6.0
 _25 May 2022_
 - 🌟 Added the ability to test building wheels on CPython 3.11! Because CPython 3.11 is in beta, these wheels should not be distributed, because they might not be compatible with the final release, but it's available to build for testing purposes. Use the flag [`--prerelease-pythons` or `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) to test. This version of cibuildwheel includes CPython 3.11.0b1. (#1109)
 - 📚 Added an interactive diagram showing how cibuildwheel works to the [docs](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#how-it-works) (#1100)
 ### v2.5.0
 _29 April 2022_
- ✨ Added support for building ABI3 wheels. cibuildwheel will now recognise when an ABI3 wheel was produced, and skip subsequent build steps where the previously built wheel is compatible. Tests still will run on all selected versions of Python, using the ABI3 wheel. (#1091)
+- ✨ Added support for building ABI3 wheels. cibuildwheel will now recognise when an ABI3 wheel was produced, and skip subsequent build steps where the previously built wheel is compatible. Tests still will run on all selected versions of Python, using the ABI3 wheel. Check [this entry](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/faq/#abi3) in the docs for more info. (#1091)
- ✨ You can now build wheels directly from sdist archives, in addition to source directories. Just call cibuildwheel with an sdist argument on the command line, like `cibuildwheel mypackage-1.0.0.tar.gz` (#1096)
+- ✨ You can now build wheels directly from sdist archives, in addition to source directories. Just call cibuildwheel with an sdist argument on the command line, like `cibuildwheel mypackage-1.0.0.tar.gz`. For more details, check the [`--help` output](https://cibuildwheel.readthedocs.io/en/stable/options/#command-line) (#1096)
 - 🐛 Fix a bug where cibuildwheel would crash when no builds are selected and `--allow-empty` is passed (#1086)
 - 🐛 Workaround a permissions issue on Linux relating to newer versions of git and setuptools_scm (#1095)
 - 📚 Minor docs improvements
@@ -661,6 +774,18 @@ _31 March 2017_
 - 🌟 First public release!
 <style>
 /* improve list formatting to help separate items */
 .rst-content li {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
 }
 .rst-content .section ol li>p:only-child, .rst-content .section ol li>p:only-child:last-child, .rst-content .section ul li>p:only-child, .rst-content .section ul li>p:only-child:last-child, .rst-content .toctree-wrapper ol li>p:only-child, .rst-content .toctree-wrapper ol li>p:only-child:last-child, .rst-content .toctree-wrapper ul li>p:only-child, .rst-content .toctree-wrapper ul li>p:only-child:last-child, .rst-content section ol li>p:only-child, .rst-content section ol li>p:only-child:last-child, .rst-content section ul li>p:only-child, .rst-content section ul li>p:only-child:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 12px
 }
 </style>
 <script>
  // undo the scrollTop that the theme did on this page, as there are loads
  // of toc entries and it's disorientating.
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 title: Contributing
 ---
 # Contributing
 Wheel-building can be pretty complex. We expect users to find edge-cases - please help the rest of the community out by documenting these, adding features to support them, and reporting bugs.
 If you have an idea for a modification or feature, it's probably best to raise an issue first and discuss it with the maintainer team. Once we have rough consensus on a design, begin work in a PR.
@@ -94,7 +96,6 @@ This has been moved to using docker, so you only need the following instructions
 The dependency update script in the next section requires multiple python versions installed. One way to do this is to use `pyenv`:
 ```bash
 pyenv install 3.6.11
 pyenv install 3.7.8
 # Optionally add 3.8 and make it the local version;
 # otherwise assuming 3.8+ already is your current python version
@@ -103,7 +104,6 @@ pyenv install 3.7.8
 Then, you need to make the required virtual environments:
 ```bash
 $(pyenv prefix 3.6.11)/bin/python -m venv env36
 $(pyenv prefix 3.7.8)/bin/python -m venv env37
 ```
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 title: Modern C++ standards
 ---
 # Modern C++ standards
 Building Python wheels with modern C++ standards (C++11 and later) requires a few tricks.
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # stars: GitHub repo (optional, if different from package, such as for Twisted)
 # pypi: The pypi name, if different from the GitHub package name
 # os: Operating system list, [windows, apple, linux] (optional)
-# ci: [appveyor, github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci] (optional)
+# ci: [appveyor, github, azurepipelines, circleci, gitlab, travisci, cirrusci] (optional)
 # notes: (text, optional)
 - name: abess
@@ -172,11 +172,13 @@
 - name: pyzmq
  gh: zeromq/pyzmq
-  ci: [github]
+  ci: [github, circleci]
  os: [windows, apple, linux]
  ci_config: .github/workflows/wheels.yml
  notes: |
-    Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython and CFFI.
+    Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library.
    Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy.
    ARM wheels for linux are built natively on CircleCI.
 - name: python-rapidjson
  gh: python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
@@ -204,6 +206,12 @@
  ci: [github]
  os: [windows, apple, linux]
 - name: pybind11 cross build example
  gh: wbarnha/pybind_cmake_example_crossbuild
  ci: [github, gitlab]
  os: [windows, apple, linux]
  notes: Same as pybind11 cmake_example but used to demo Linux ARM + Windows + macOS builds on GitLab
 - name: iminuit
  gh: scikit-hep/iminuit
  ci: [github]
@@ -589,3 +597,27 @@
  gh: MarshalX/python-webrtc
  ci: [github]
  os: [windows, apple, linux]
 - name: cf-units
  gh: SciTools/cf-units
  ci: [github]
  os: [apple, linux]
 - name: envd
  gh: tensorchord/envd
  ci: [github]
  os: [apple, linux, windows]
  note: A machine learning development environment build tool
 - name: mosec
  gh: mosecorg/mosec
  ci: [github]
  os: [linux, apple]
  note: A machine learning model serving framework powered by Rust
 - name: ril
  gh: Cryptex-github/ril-py
  ci: [github]
  os: [windows, apple, linux]
  pypi: pyril
  notes: A python binding to Rust Imaging library using maturin and Pyo3, utilizes Github Action cache to improve speed. Builds abi3 wheels.
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>Cirrus CI icon</title><path d="M19.422.453a1.113 1.113 0 0 0-1.113 1.115 1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.112 1.114c1.31 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.04 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 8.52a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.117h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 15.48a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.112h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 22.432a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.115h18.31a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 .206-.022c2.42-.112 4.37-2.12 4.37-4.57 0-1.393-.642-2.634-1.63-3.478C23.356 14.632 24 13.393 24 12c0-1.393-.643-2.632-1.63-3.477C23.357 7.68 24 6.438 24 5.045c0-2.52-2.06-4.592-4.578-4.592z"/></svg>
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 title: Delivering to PyPI
 ---
 # Delivering to PyPI
 After you've built your wheels, you'll probably want to deliver them to PyPI.
 ## Manual method
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ pipx run build --sdist
 # provider can be configured to store them for you. Put them all into the
 # 'dist' folder.
-# Upload using 'twine' (you may need to 'pip install twine')
+# Upload using 'twine'
 pipx run twine upload dist/*
 ```
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ well as several useful actions. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuild
    name: Make SDist
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      with:
        fetch-depth: 0  # Optional, use if you use setuptools_scm
        submodules: true  # Optional, use if you have submodules
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ well as several useful actions. Alongside your existing job(s) that runs cibuild
    - name: Build SDist
      run: pipx run build --sdist
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
      with:
        path: dist/*.tar.gz
 ```
@@ -69,18 +71,18 @@ This requires a [PyPI upload token](https://pypi.org/manage/account/token/), sto
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
      with:
        name: artifact
        path: dist
-    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.4.2
+    - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.0
      with:
        user: __token__
        password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}
 ```
-You should use dependabot to keep the publish action up to date. In the above
+You should use Dependabot to keep the publish action up to date. In the above
 example, the same name (the default, "artifact" is used for all upload-artifact
 runs, so we can just download all of the in one step into a common directory.
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
 <div id="flow-diagram">
  <div class="diagram-grid" v-bind:style="gridStyle">
    <!-- BEHIND THE GRID CONTENT -->
    <!-- line for each platform -->
    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 3"></div>
    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 4"></div>
    <div class="grid-line" style="grid-row-start: 5"></div>
    <!-- the docker container outline -->
    <div class="grid-outline docker">
      <div class="outline">
        Manylinux container
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- the venv outlines -->
    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 3">
      <div class="outline">Test virtualenv</div>
    </div>
    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 4"><div class="outline"></div></div>
    <div class="grid-outline testVenv" style="grid-row-start: 5"><div class="outline"></div></div>
    <!-- THE GRID CONTENT -->
    <!-- the row labels -->
    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 3">Linux</div>
    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 4">macOS</div>
    <div class="grid-row-label" style="grid-row-start: 5">Windows</div>
    <!-- the column labels -->
    <div class="grid-column-label"
         style="grid-row: 1 / span 1; grid-column: 5 / -3">
      <div class="label">For each version of Python</div>
    </div>
    <div class="grid-column-label"
         style="grid-row: 2 / span 1;
                grid-column: 9 / -3;
                margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
      <div class="label">If tests are configured</div>
    </div>
    <!-- the steps -->
    <div class="step" v-for="(step, sIndex) in diagram.steps">
      <component v-for="action in step"
                 class="action"
                 v-bind:is="action.href ? 'a' : 'div'"
                 v-bind:href="action.href">
        <div class="dots" v-if="action.style == 'dot'">
          <div class="dot"
               v-info="action"
               v-for="(platform, pIndex) in platforms"
               v-if="action.platforms.includes(platform)"
               v-bind:style="{gridRowStart: `${pIndex+3}`,
                              gridColumnStart: `${sIndex+2}`}">
            <div class="dot-graphic"></div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="block-container" v-if="action.style == 'block'">
          <div class="block"
               v-info="action"
               v-bind:style="{...blockStyle(action),
                              gridColumnStart: `${sIndex+2}`}">
            {{action.label}}
          </div>
        </div>
      </a>
    </div>
  </div>
 </div>
 <noscript>
  <img src="data/how-it-works.png" alt="Diagram showing the steps for each platform">
  <p><strong>Enable JavaScript for an interactive version of this diagram.</strong></p>
 </noscript>
 <script type="module" async>
  import Vue from 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.6.14/dist/vue.esm.browser.js'
  import 'https://unpkg.com/@popperjs/core@2/dist/umd/popper.min.js'
  import 'https://unpkg.com/tippy.js@6/dist/tippy-bundle.umd.js'
  const diagram = {
    steps: [
      [
        {
          label: 'copy project into container',
          platforms: ['linux'],
          style: 'block',
          width: 2,
        },
      ],
      [], // empty column so that the manylinux outline intersects the previous column in the middle.
      [
        {
          href: 'options/#before-all',
          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
          style: 'dot',
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_ALL',
            tag: 'Optional step',
            description: 'Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built.'
          },
        },
      ],
      [
        {
          label: 'Install Python',
          platforms: ['macos', 'windows'],
          style: 'block',
          tooltip: {
            description: 'Install the version of Python required to build this wheel.'
          },
        },
      ],
      [
        {
          href: 'options/#before-build',
          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
          style: 'dot',
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD',
            tag: 'Optional step',
            description: "Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build.",
          },
        },
      ],
      [
        {
          label: 'Build wheel',
          href: 'options/#build-frontend',
          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
          style: 'block',
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND',
            tag: 'Customisable step',
            description: 'Build the wheel according to your package configuration, using the frontend of your choice - pip or build.'
          },
        },
      ],
      [
        {
          label: 'Repair using auditwheel',
          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
          platforms: ['linux'],
          style: 'block',
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
            tag: 'Customisable step',
            description: 'Bundle shared libraries and ensure manylinux compliance by running auditwheel on each built wheel.'
          },
        },
        {
          label: 'Repair using delocate',
          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
          platforms: ['macos'],
          style: 'block',
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
            tag: 'Customisable step',
            description: 'Bundle shared libraries by running delocate on each built wheel.'
          },
        },
        {
          env: "CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND",
          href: 'options/#repair-wheel-command',
          label: 'repair wheel',
          platforms: ['windows'],
          style: 'dot',
          optional: true,
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND',
            tag: 'Optional step',
            description: 'Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel'
          },
        },
      ],
      [
        {
          href: 'options/#before-test',
          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
          style: 'dot',
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_BEFORE_TEST',
            tag: 'Optional step',
            description: 'Execute a shell command before testing each wheel'
          },
        },
      ],
      [
        {
          label: 'Install wheel',
          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
          style: 'block',
          tooltip: {
            description: 'Install the wheel we just built into the test virtualenv.'
          },
        },
      ],
      [
        {
          label: 'Test wheel',
          href: 'options/#test-command',
          platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
          style: 'block',
          tooltip: {
            title: 'CIBW_TEST_COMMAND',
            tag: 'Optional step',
            description: 'Execute a shell command to test each built wheel'
          },
        },
      ],
      [
        {
          label: 'Copy wheels out of container',
          platforms: ['linux'],
          style: 'block',
          width: 2,
        },
      ],
      [],
    ]
  }
  const diagramComponent = new Vue({
    el: '#flow-diagram',
    data() {
      return {
        diagram,
        platforms: ['linux', 'macos', 'windows'],
      }
    },
    methods: {
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        let start, end
        if (action.platforms.includes('linux')) {
          start = 3
        } else if (action.platforms.includes('macos')) {
          start = 4
        } else if (action.platforms.includes('windows')) {
          start = 5
        }
        if (action.platforms.includes('windows')) {
          end = 6
        } else if (action.platforms.includes('macos')) {
          end = 5
        } else if (action.platforms.includes('linux')) {
          end = 4
        }
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          gridRowStart: start.toString(),
          gridRowEnd: end.toString(),
          gridColumnEnd: `span ${action.width || 1}`,
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      }
    },
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        return {
          gridTemplateRows: `auto auto repeat(${this.platforms.length}, 1fr)`,
          gridTemplateColumns: `repeat(${this.diagram.steps.length+1}, auto)`,
        }
      },
    },
    directives: {
      info: {
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          const action = binding.value
          const {env, label, optional=false, description='', href=''} = action
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              content: `
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                  </div>
                  <div class="tooltip-tag">
                    ${tooltip.tag || ''}
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                  <div class="tooltip-description">
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    /* font-family: Inter; */
    /* font-size: 10px; */
    font-size: 0.7em;
    padding-bottom: 2em;
  }
  .no-js #flow-diagram {
    display: none
  }
  .diagram-grid {
    display: grid;
    overflow-x: auto;
  }
  .platform, .step, .dots, .block-container, .action {
    display: contents;
  }
  .block, .dot {
    position: relative;
    margin: 2em 0.5em;
  }
  .block {
    background-color: #eee;
    /* margin: 0.5em auto; */
    padding: 0.5em;
    max-width: 6em;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: center;
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  .dot {
    /* margin: 0.5em; */
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
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  .dot-graphic {
    width: 1.3em;
    height: 1.3em;
    border-radius: 50%;
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  a.action {
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  .action.tooltip-open .dot-graphic {
    background-color: #416EDA;
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  .action.tooltip-open .block {
    background-color: #416EDA;
    color: white;
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  .grid-column-label {
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    height: 1px;
    background-color: currentColor;
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(50% - 0.5px);
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
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  .grid-column-label .label {
    background: #fcfcfc;
    padding: 0 1em;
    position: relative;
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  .grid-row-label {
    grid-column: 1 / span 1;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    text-align: right;
    background: #fcfcfc;
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    padding-right: 1em;
    font-size: 1.1em;
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  .grid-line {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    grid-row-end: span 1;
    position: relative;
  }
  .grid-line::after {
    content: "";
    height: 1px;
    background-color: #979797;
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(50% - 1px);
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
  }
  .grid-outline {
    grid-row-end: span 1;
    position: relative;
    color: #8f8f8f;
  }
  .grid-outline.docker {
    grid-row: 3 / span 1;
    grid-column: 3 / -2;
  }
  .grid-outline.testVenv {
    grid-column: 9 / span 3;
  }
  .grid-outline .outline {
    position: absolute;
    border: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
    padding: 1px 3px;
  }
  .grid-outline.docker .outline  {
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
  }
  .grid-outline.testVenv .outline  {
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    top: 0.5em;
    bottom: 0.5em;
  }
  /* style the tooltip */
  .tippy-box {
    background: white;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
    border-radius: 0;
    text-align: left;
    font-size: 1em;
    color: #1F1F1F;
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
    width: 14em;
    min-width: min-content;
  }
  .tippy-box[data-placement^='top'] > .tippy-arrow::before {
    border-top-color: white;
  }
  .tippy-box[data-placement^='bottom'] > .tippy-arrow::before {
    border-bottom-color: white;
  }
  .tippy-box[data-placement^='left'] > .tippy-arrow::before {
    border-left-color: white;
  }
  .tippy-box[data-placement^='right'] > .tippy-arrow::before {
    border-right-color: white;
  }
  a.tooltip-contents {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
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  .tooltip-title {
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1.1em;
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    font-weight: 500;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    color: #C9C9C9;
  }
  .tooltip-description {
    margin-top: 1px;
    margin-bottom: 2px;
  }
 </style>
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 body {
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
 }
 p {
@@ -61,6 +63,13 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  border: none;
 }
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .wy-nav-content-wrap .wy-nav-content {
      padding: 1em;
  }
 }
 /*
    Code block filename style
@@ -104,10 +113,10 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
 .code-block-filename + pre code {
    padding-top: 0.9em;
 }
-
+/*
 .toctree-l3 {
  border-left: 10px solid transparent;
-}
+} */
 /* import font awesome 4 for icons */
@import url(https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css);
@@ -225,3 +234,84 @@ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  padding-right: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
 }
 /* mkdocs update theme fix-ups */
 .rst-content code, .rst-content tt, code {
  /* border: none; */
  /* background-color: #f0f1f1; */
  color: inherit;
 }
 .rst-content pre code {
  border: none;
 }
 .rst-content h1 code,
 .rst-content h2 code,
 .rst-content h3 code,
 .rst-content h4 code,
 .rst-content h5 code,
 .rst-content h6 code {
  border: none;
  color: inherit;
  background-color: #f0f1f1;
  font-size: 100%;
 }
 /* expand all the toctree entries */
 .wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l1.current .toctree-l2>ul,
 .wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l2.current .toctree-l3>ul,
 .wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l3.current .toctree-l4>ul,
 .wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l4.current .toctree-l5>ul,
 .wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l5.current .toctree-l6>ul,
 .wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l6.current .toctree-l7>ul,
 .wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l7.current .toctree-l8>ul,
 .wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l8.current .toctree-l9>ul,
 .wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l9.current .toctree-l10>ul,
 .wy-menu-vertical .toctree-l10.current .toctree-l11>ul {
  display: block;
 }
 /* hide all the buttons */
 .wy-menu-vertical li.current>a button.toctree-expand,
 .wy-menu-vertical li.on a button.toctree-expand,
 .wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2 button.toctree-expand,
 .wy-menu-vertical li a button.toctree-expand {
  display: none;
 }
 /* toctree layout improvements */
 .wy-menu-vertical a {
  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
 }
 .wy-menu-vertical li.current>a,
 .wy-menu-vertical li.on a {
  font-weight: normal;
  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
  /* border-right: 1px solid #f0f0f0; */
 }
 .wy-menu-vertical li.current a {
  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
 }
 .wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l3 a,
 .wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current li.toctree-l3>a {
  padding-left: 1.8em;
 }
 .wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current>a {
  padding: 0.4em 1.2em;
 }
 .wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current>a,
 .wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current li.toctree-l3>a {
  background: transparent;
 }
 .wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current>a:hover,
 .wy-menu-vertical li.toctree-l2.current li.toctree-l3>a:hover {
  background: #d6d6d6;
 }
 .wy-menu-vertical li.current>a.current {
  background: #fafafa !important;
 }
 .wy-menu-vertical li.current a {
 }
@@ -2,17 +2,19 @@
 title: Tips and tricks
 ---
 # Tips and tricks
 ## Tips
-### Linux builds on Docker
+### Linux builds in containers
-Linux wheels are built in the [`manylinux`/`musllinux` docker images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) to provide binary compatible wheels on Linux, according to [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) / [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Because of this, when building with `cibuildwheel` on Linux, a few things should be taken into account:
+Linux wheels are built in [`manylinux`/`musllinux` containers](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) to provide binary compatible wheels on Linux, according to [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) / [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/). Because of this, when building with `cibuildwheel` on Linux, a few things should be taken into account:
-   Programs and libraries are not installed on the CI runner host, but rather should be installed inside of the Docker image - using `yum` for `manylinux2010` or `manylinux2014`, `apt-get` for `manylinux_2_24` and `apk` for `musllinux_1_1`, or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building.
+-   Programs and libraries are not installed on the CI runner host, but rather should be installed inside the container - using `yum` for `manylinux2010` or `manylinux2014`, `apt-get` for `manylinux_2_24` and `apk` for `musllinux_1_1`, or manually. The same goes for environment variables that are potentially needed to customize the wheel building.
-    `cibuildwheel` supports this by providing the [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](options.md#environment) and [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) options to setup the build environment inside the running Docker image.
+    `cibuildwheel` supports this by providing the [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](options.md#environment) and [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) options to setup the build environment inside the running container.
-   The project directory is mounted in the running Docker instance as `/project`, the output directory for the wheels as `/output`. In general, this is handled transparently by `cibuildwheel`. For a more finegrained level of control however, the root of the host file system is mounted as `/host`, allowing for example to access shared files, caches, etc. on the host file system.  Note that `/host` is not available on CircleCI due to their Docker policies.
+-   The project directory is copied into the container as `/project`, the output directory for the wheels to be copied out is `/output`. In general, this is handled transparently by `cibuildwheel`. For a more finegrained level of control however, the root of the host file system is mounted as `/host`, allowing for example to access shared files, caches, etc. on the host file system.  Note that `/host` is not available on CircleCI due to their Docker policies.
 -   Alternative Docker images can be specified with the `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`/`CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE` options to allow for a custom, preconfigured build environment for the Linux builds. See [options](options.md#linux-image) for more details.
@@ -53,11 +55,11 @@ to load on Apple Silicon.
    available.
 Generally speaking, because Pip 20.3 is required for the `universal2` wheel,
-most packages should provide both `x86_64` and `universal2` wheels for now.
+most packages should provide both `x86_64` and one of `universal2`/`arm64`
-Once Pip 20.3+ is common on macOS, then it should be possible to ship only the
+wheels for now. When Pip 20.3+ is common on macOS, then it might be possible
-`universal2` wheel.
+to ship only the `universal2` wheel.
-**Apple Silicon wheels are not built by default**, but can be enabled by adding extra archs to the [`CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS` option](options.md#archs) - e.g. `x86_64 arm64 universal2`. Cross-compilation is provided by the Xcode toolchain.
+**Apple Silicon wheels are not built by default on Intel runners**, but can be enabled by adding extra archs to the [`CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS` option](options.md#archs) - e.g. `x86_64 arm64`. Cross-compilation is provided by the Xcode toolchain.
 !!! important
    When cross-compiling on Intel, it is not possible to test `arm64` and the `arm64` part of a `universal2` wheel.
@@ -66,8 +68,7 @@ Once Pip 20.3+ is common on macOS, then it should be possible to ship only the
 Hopefully, cross-compilation is a temporary situation. Once we have widely
 available Apple Silicon CI runners, we can build and test `arm64` and
-`universal2` wheels natively. That's why `universal2` wheels are not yet built
+`universal2` wheels natively. That's why `universal2`/`arm64` wheels require opt-in by setting `CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS`.
 by default, and require opt-in by setting `CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS`.
 !!! note
    Your runner needs Xcode Command Line Tools 12.2 or later to build `universal2` or `arm64`.
@@ -82,7 +83,15 @@ Here's an example GitHub Actions workflow with a job that builds for Apple Silic
 {% include "../examples/github-apple-silicon.yml" %}
 ```
-### Building non-native architectures using emulation  {: #emulation}
+Here's an example Cirrus CI workflow with a job that builds for macOS Intel through Rosetta 2 emulation and for Apple Silicon natively:
 > .cirrus.yml
 ```yml
 {% include "../examples/cirrus-ci-intel-mac.yml" %}
 ```
 ### Building Linux wheels for non-native archs using emulation  {: #emulation}
 cibuildwheel supports building non-native architectures on Linux, via
 emulation through the binfmt_misc kernel feature. The easiest way to use this
@@ -109,7 +118,7 @@ The CPython Limited API is a subset of the Python C Extension API that's declare
 To create a package that builds ABI3 wheels, you'll need to configure your build backend to compile libraries correctly create wheels with the right tags. [Check this repo](https://github.com/joerick/python-abi3-package-sample) for an example of how to do this with setuptools.
-### Building packages with optional C extensions
+### Packages with optional C extensions {: #optional-extensions}
 `cibuildwheel` defines the environment variable `CIBUILDWHEEL` to the value `1` allowing projects for which the C extension is optional to make it mandatory when building wheels.
@@ -123,17 +132,18 @@ myextension = Extension(
 )
 ```
-### Automatic updates {: #automatic-updates}
+### Automatic updates using Dependabot {: #automatic-updates}
 Selecting a moving target (like the latest release) is generally a bad idea in CI. If something breaks, you can't tell whether it was your code or an upstream update that caused the breakage, and in a worse-case scenario, it could occur during a release.
-There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead involve scheduled pull requests using GitHub's dependabot.
+
 There are two suggested methods for keeping cibuildwheel up to date that instead involve scheduled pull requests using GitHub's Dependabot.
 #### Option 1: GitHub Action
 If you use GitHub Actions for builds, you can use cibuildwheel as an action:
 ```yaml
-uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.5.0
+uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.11.2
 ```
 This is a composite step that just runs cibuildwheel using pipx. You can set command-line options as `with:` parameters, and use `env:` as normal.
@@ -147,10 +157,6 @@ updates:
    directory: "/"
    schedule:
      interval: "weekly"
    ignore:
      # Optional: Official actions have moving tags like v1;
      # if you use those, you don't need updates.
      - dependency-name: "actions/*"
 ```
 #### Option 2: Requirement files
@@ -159,7 +165,7 @@ The second option, and the only one that supports other CI systems, is using a `
 ```bash
 # requirements-cibw.txt
-cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+cibuildwheel==2.11.2
 ```
 Then your install step would have `python -m pip install -r requirements-cibw.txt` in it. Your `.github/dependabot.yml` file could look like this:
@@ -255,7 +261,28 @@ To quickly test your config without doing a git push and waiting for your code t
 ### Missing dependencies
-You might need to install something on the build machine. You can do this with apt/yum, brew or choco, using the [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) option. Or, for a Python dependency, consider [adding it to pyproject.toml](#cibw-options-alternatives-deps).
+Sometimes a build will fail due to a missing dependency.
 **If the build is missing a Python package**, you should [add it to pyproject.toml](#cibw-options-alternatives-deps).
 **If you need a build tool** (e.g. cmake, automake, ninja), you can install it through a package manager like apt/yum, brew or choco, using the [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) option.
 **If your build is linking into a native library dependency**, you can build/install that in [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all). However, on Linux, Mac (and Windows if you're using [delvewheel]), the library that you install will be bundled into the wheel in the [repair step]. So take care to ensure that
 - the bundled library doesn't accidentally increase the minimum system requirements (such as the minimum macOS version)
 - the bundled library matches the architecture of the wheel you're building when cross-compiling
 This is particularly an issue on macOS, where de facto package manager Homebrew will install libraries that are compiled for the specific version of macOS that the build machine is running, rendering the wheels useless for any previous version. And brew will not install the right arch for cross compilation of Apple Silicon wheels.
 For these reasons, it's strongly recommended to not use brew for native library dependencies. Instead, we recommend compiling the library yourself. If you compile in the [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](options.md#before-all) step, cibuildwheel will have already set the appropriate `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` env var, so the library will target the correct version of macOS.
 !!! tip
    For build steps, Homebrew is still a great resource - you can [look up the build formula](https://formulae.brew.sh/) and use that as a starting point.
 [delvewheel]: https://github.com/adang1345/delvewheel
 [repair step]: options.md#repair-wheel-command
 [Homebrew]: https://brew.sh/
 [delocate]: https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate
 ### macOS: ModuleNotFoundError
@@ -276,13 +303,14 @@ python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 This doesn't work because while `cibuildwheel` was running, it installed a few new versions of 'python3', so the `python3` run on line 3 isn't the same as the `python3` that ran on line 1.
-Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to install tools immediately before they're used:
+Solutions to this vary, but the simplest is to use pipx:
 ```bash
-python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel
+# most runners have pipx preinstalled, but in case you don't
-python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+python3 -m pip install pipx
-python3 -m pip install twine
+
-python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
+pipx run cibuildwheel==2.11.2 --output-dir wheelhouse
 pipx run twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
 ```
 ### macOS: Passing DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH to delocate
@@ -295,25 +323,43 @@ To work around this, use a different environment variable such as `REPAIR_LIBRAR
    ```yaml
    CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_MACOS: >
-        DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$REPAIR_LIBRARY_PATH delocate-listdeps {wheel} &&
+        DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$REPAIR_LIBRARY_PATH delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}
        DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$REPAIR_LIBRARY_PATH delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} {wheel}
    ```
 !!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
    ```toml
    [tool.cibuildwheel.macos]
-    repair-wheel-command = [
+    repair-wheel-command = """\
-        "DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$REPAIR_LIBRARY_PATH delocate-listdeps {wheel}",
+    DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$REPAIR_LIBRARY_PATH delocate-wheel \
-        "DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$REPAIR_LIBRARY_PATH delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} {wheel}"
+    --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}\
-    ]
+    """
    ```
 See [#816](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/816), thanks to @phoerious for reporting.
 ### macOS: Building CPython 3.8 wheels on arm64
 If you're building on an arm64 runner, you might notice something strange about CPython 3.8 - unlike Python 3.9+, it's cross-compiled to arm64 from an x86_64 version of Python running under Rosetta emulation. This is because (despite the prevalence of arm64 versions of Python 3.8 from Apple and Homebrew) there is no officially supported Python.org installer of Python 3.8 for arm64.
 This is fine for simple C extensions, but for more complicated builds on arm64 it becomes an issue.
 So, if the cross-compilation is an issue for you, there is an 'experimental' installer available that's built natively for arm64.
 To use this installer and perform native CPython 3.8 building, before invoking cibuildwheel, install the universal2 version of Python on your arm64 runner, something like:
 ```bash
 curl -o /tmp/Python38.pkg https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
 sudo installer -pkg /tmp/Python38.pkg -target /
 sh "/Applications/Python 3.8/Install Certificates.command"
 ```
 Then cibuildwheel will detect that it's installed and use it instead. However, you probably don't want to build x86_64 wheels on this Python, unless you're happy with them only supporting macOS 11+.
 ### Windows: 'ImportError: DLL load failed: The specific module could not be found'
-Visual Studio and MSVC link the compiled binary wheels to the Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime. Normally, these are included with Python, but when compiling with a newer version of Visual Studio, it is possible users will run into problems on systems that do not have these runtime libraries installed. The solution is to ask users to download the corresponding Visual C++ Redistributable from the [Microsoft website](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2977003/the-latest-supported-visual-c-downloads) and install it. Since a Python installation normally includes these VC++ Redistributable files for [the version of the MSVC compiler used to compile Python](https://wiki.python.org/moin/WindowsCompilers), this is typically only a problem when compiling a Python C extension with a newer compiler.
+Visual Studio and MSVC link the compiled binary wheels to the Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime. Normally, the C parts of the runtime are included with Python, but the C++ components are not. When compiling modules using C++, it is possible users will run into problems on systems that do not have the full set of runtime libraries installed. The solution is to ask users to download the corresponding Visual C++ Redistributable from the [Microsoft website](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2977003/the-latest-supported-visual-c-downloads) and install it.
 Additionally, Visual Studio 2019 started linking to an even newer DLL, `VCRUNTIME140_1.dll`, besides the `VCRUNTIME140.dll` that is included with recent Python versions (starting from Python 3.5; see [here](https://wiki.python.org/moin/WindowsCompilers) for more details on the corresponding Visual Studio & MSVC versions used to compile the different Python versions). To avoid this extra dependency on `VCRUNTIME140_1.dll`, the [`/d2FH4-` flag](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/making-cpp-exception-handling-smaller-x64/) can be added to the MSVC invocations (check out [this issue](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/issues/423) for details and references). CPython 3.8.3 and all versions after it have this extra DLL, so it is only needed for 3.8 and earlier.
@@ -329,4 +375,12 @@ To add the `/d2FH4-` flag to a standard `setup.py` using `setuptools`, the `extr
    ],
 ```
-To investigate the dependencies of a C extension (i.e., the `.pyd` file, a DLL in disguise) on Windows, [Dependency Walker](http://www.dependencywalker.com/) is a great tool.
+To investigate the dependencies of a C extension (i.e., the `.pyd` file, a DLL in disguise) on Windows, [Dependency Walker](http://www.dependencywalker.com/) is a great tool. For diagnosing a failing import, the [dlltracer](https://pypi.org/project/dlltracer/) tool may also provide additional details.
 ### Windows ARM64 builds {: #windows-arm64}
 `cibuildwheel` supports cross-compiling `ARM64` wheels on all Windows runners, but a native ARM64 runner is required for testing. On non-native runners, tests for ARM64 wheels will be automatically skipped with a warning. Add `*-win_arm64` to your `CIBW_TEST_SKIP` setting to suppress the warning.
 Cross-compilation on Windows relies on a supported build backend. Supported backends use an environment variable to specify their target platform (the one they are compiling native modules for, as opposed to the one they are running on), which is set in [cibuildwheels/windows.py](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/cibuildwheel/windows.py) before building. Currently, `setuptools>=65.4.1` and `setuptools_rust` are the only supported backends.
 By default, `ARM64` is not enabled when running on non-ARM64 runners. Use [`CIBW_ARCHS`](options.md#archs) to select it.
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 title: Home
 ---
 # cibuildwheel
 {%
   include-markdown "../README.md"
   start="<!--intro-start-->"
@@ -9,3 +11,14 @@ title: Home
 %}
 To get started, head over to the [setup guide](setup.md).
 How it works
 ------------
 This diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platform to build your package's wheels.
 {%
   include-markdown "diagram.md"
 %}
 This isn't exhaustive, for a full list of the things cibuildwheel can do, check the [options](options.md) page.
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import subprocess
 from typing import Any
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 # Options
 ## Setting options
 cibuildwheel can either be configured using environment variables, or from
@@ -73,6 +75,16 @@ cibuildwheel to run tests, add the following YAML to your CI config file:
        CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
    ```
 !!! tab "Cirrus CI"
    > .cirrus.yml ([docs](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/#environment-variables))
    ```yaml
    env:
      CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: pytest
      CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: "pytest {project}/tests"
    ```
 ### Configuration file {: #configuration-file}
 You can configure cibuildwheel with a config file, such as `pyproject.toml`.
@@ -101,7 +113,7 @@ The complete set of defaults for the current version of cibuildwheel are shown b
 !!! tip
    Static configuration works across all CI systems, and can be used locally if
-    you run `cibuildwheel --plat linux`. This is preferred, but environment
+    you run `cibuildwheel --platform linux`. This is preferred, but environment
    variables are better if you need to change per-matrix element
    (`CIBW_BUILD` is often in this category, for example), or if you cannot or do
    not want to change a `pyproject.toml` file. You can specify a different file to
@@ -117,9 +129,9 @@ matches overriding earlier ones if multiple selectors match. Environment
 variables always override static configuration.
 A few of the options below have special handling in overrides. A different
-`before-all` will trigger a new docker launch on Linux, and cannot be
+`before-all` will trigger a new container to launch on Linux, and cannot be
 overridden on macOS or Windows.  Overriding the image on linux will also
-generate new docker launches, one per image.  Some commands are not supported;
+trigger new containers, one per image. Some commands are not supported;
 `output-dir`, build/skip/test_skip selectors, and architectures cannot be
 overridden.
@@ -174,7 +186,7 @@ Default: `auto`
 `auto` will auto-detect platform using environment variables, such as `TRAVIS_OS_NAME`/`APPVEYOR`/`CIRCLECI`.
- For `linux`, you need Docker running, on Linux, macOS, or Windows.
+- For `linux`, you need [Docker or Podman](#container-engine) running, on Linux, macOS, or Windows.
 - For `macos` and `windows`, you need to be running on the respective system, with a working compiler toolchain installed - Xcode Command Line tools for macOS, and MSVC for Windows.
 This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line) `--platform`. This option is not available in the `pyproject.toml` config.
@@ -190,6 +202,10 @@ This option can also be set using the [command-line option](#command-line) `--pl
    This is even more convenient if you store your cibuildwheel config in [`pyproject.toml`](#configuration-file).
    You can also run a single identifier with `--only <identifier>`. This will
    not require `--platform` or `--arch`, and will override any build/skip
    configuration.
 ### `CIBW_BUILD`, `CIBW_SKIP` {: #build-skip}
 > Choose the Python versions to build
@@ -202,16 +218,17 @@ When setting the options, you can use shell-style globbing syntax, as per [fnmat
 <div class="build-id-table-marker"></div>
-|              | macOS                                                                  | Windows                          | Linux Intel                                                                                         | Linux Other                                                                                                                                                     |
+|              | macOS                                                                  | Windows                                             | Linux Intel                                                                                         | Linux Other                                                                                                                                                     |
-|--------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+|--------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| Python 3.6   | cp36-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp36-win_amd64<br/>cp36-win32    | cp36-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-manylinux_i686<br/>cp36-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-musllinux_i686     | cp36-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp36-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-musllinux_s390x       |
+| Python 3.6   | cp36-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp36-win_amd64<br/>cp36-win32                       | cp36-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-manylinux_i686<br/>cp36-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp36-musllinux_i686     | cp36-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp36-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp36-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp36-musllinux_s390x       |
-| Python 3.7   | cp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp37-win_amd64<br/>cp37-win32    | cp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-manylinux_i686<br/>cp37-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-musllinux_i686     | cp37-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp37-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-musllinux_s390x       |
+| Python 3.7   | cp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | cp37-win_amd64<br/>cp37-win32                       | cp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-manylinux_i686<br/>cp37-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp37-musllinux_i686     | cp37-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp37-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp37-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp37-musllinux_s390x       |
-| Python 3.8   | cp38-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp38-macosx_universal2<br/>cp38-macosx_arm64    | cp38-win_amd64<br/>cp38-win32    | cp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-manylinux_i686<br/>cp38-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-musllinux_i686     | cp38-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp38-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-musllinux_s390x       |
+| Python 3.8   | cp38-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp38-macosx_universal2<br/>cp38-macosx_arm64    | cp38-win_amd64<br/>cp38-win32                       | cp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-manylinux_i686<br/>cp38-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp38-musllinux_i686     | cp38-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp38-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp38-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp38-musllinux_s390x       |
 | Python 3.9   | cp39-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp39-macosx_universal2<br/>cp39-macosx_arm64    | cp39-win_amd64<br/>cp39-win32<br/>cp39-win_arm64    | cp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp39-manylinux_i686<br/>cp39-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp39-musllinux_i686     | cp39-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp39-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp39-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp39-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp39-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp39-musllinux_s390x       |
-| Python 3.10  | cp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp310-macosx_universal2<br/>cp310-macosx_arm64 | cp310-win_amd64<br/>cp310-win32<br/>cp310-win_arm64   | cp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-manylinux_i686<br/>cp310-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-musllinux_i686 | cp310-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp310-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-musllinux_s390x |
+| Python 3.10  | cp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp310-macosx_universal2<br/>cp310-macosx_arm64 | cp310-win_amd64<br/>cp310-win32<br/>cp310-win_arm64 | cp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-manylinux_i686<br/>cp310-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp310-musllinux_i686 | cp310-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp310-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp310-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp310-musllinux_s390x |
-| PyPy3.7 v7.3 | pp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp37-win_amd64                   | pp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp37-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp37-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
+| Python 3.11  | cp311-macosx_x86_64<br/>cp311-macosx_universal2<br/>cp311-macosx_arm64 | cp311-win_amd64<br/>cp311-win32<br/>cp311-win_arm64 | cp311-manylinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-manylinux_i686<br/>cp311-musllinux_x86_64<br/>cp311-musllinux_i686 | cp311-manylinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-manylinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-manylinux_s390x<br/>cp311-musllinux_aarch64<br/>cp311-musllinux_ppc64le<br/>cp311-musllinux_s390x |
-| PyPy3.8 v7.3 | pp38-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp38-win_amd64                   | pp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp38-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp38-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
+| PyPy3.7 v7.3 | pp37-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp37-win_amd64                                      | pp37-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp37-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp37-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
-| PyPy3.9 v7.3 | pp39-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp39-win_amd64                   | pp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp39-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp39-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
+| PyPy3.8 v7.3 | pp38-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp38-win_amd64                                      | pp38-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp38-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp38-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
 | PyPy3.9 v7.3 | pp39-macosx_x86_64                                                     | pp39-win_amd64                                      | pp39-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp39-manylinux_i686                                                       | pp39-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                          |
 The list of supported and currently selected build identifiers can also be retrieved by passing the `--print-build-identifiers` flag to cibuildwheel.
 The format is `python_tag-platform_tag`, with tags similar to those in [PEP 425](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0425/#details).
@@ -330,11 +347,14 @@ On macOS, this option can be used to cross-compile between `x86_64`,
 On Linux, this option can be used to build non-native architectures under
 emulation. See [this guide](faq.md#emulation) for more information.
 On Windows, this option can be used to compile for `ARM64` from an Intel
 machine, provided the cross-compiling tools are installed.
 Options:
 - Linux: `x86_64` `i686` `aarch64` `ppc64le` `s390x`
 - macOS: `x86_64` `arm64` `universal2`
- Windows: `AMD64` `x86`
+- Windows: `AMD64` `x86` `ARM64`
 - `auto`: The default archs for your machine - see the table below.
    - `auto64`: Just the 64-bit auto archs
    - `auto32`: Just the 32-bit auto archs
@@ -349,8 +369,9 @@ Default: `auto`
 |---|---|---|---|---|
 | Linux / Intel | `x86_64` | `x86_64` `i686` | `x86_64` | `i686` |
 | Windows / Intel | `AMD64` | `AMD64` `x86` | `AMD64` | `x86` |
 | Windows / ARM64 | `ARM64` | `ARM64` | `ARM64` | |
 | macOS / Intel | `x86_64` | `x86_64` | `x86_64` |  |
-| macOS / Apple Silicon | `arm64` | `arm64` `universal2` | `arm64` `universal2`|  |
+| macOS / Apple Silicon | `arm64` | `arm64` | `arm64` |  |
 If not listed above, `auto` is the same as `native`.
@@ -516,13 +537,43 @@ Choose which build backend to use. Can either be "pip", which will run
    build-frontend = "pip"
    ```
 ### `CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS` {: #config-settings}
 > Specify config-settings for the build backend.
 Specify config settings for the build backend. Each space separated
 item will be passed via `--config-setting`. In TOML, you can specify
 a table of items, including arrays.
 !!! tip
    Currently, "build" supports arrays for options, but "pip" only supports
    single values.
 Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_MACOS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX`
 #### Examples
 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
    ```yaml
    CIBW_CONFIG_SETTINGS: "--build-option=--use-mypyc"
    ```
 !!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
    ```toml
    [tool.cibuildwheel.config-settings]
    --build-option = "--use-mypyc"
    ```
 ### `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` {: #environment}
 > Set environment variables needed during the build
 A list of environment variables to set during the build. Bash syntax should be used, even on Windows.
-You must set this variable to pass variables to Linux builds (since they execute in a Docker container). It also works for the other platforms.
+You must set this variable to pass variables to Linux builds (since they execute in a container). It also works for the other platforms.
 You can use `$PATH` syntax to insert other variables, or the `$(pwd)` syntax to insert the output of other shell commands.
@@ -552,6 +603,10 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
    # Supply options to `pip` to affect how it downloads dependencies
    CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL=https://pypi.myorg.com/simple
    # Any pip command-line options can be set using the PIP_ prefix
    # https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/topics/configuration/#environment-variables
    CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: PIP_GLOBAL_OPTION="build_ext -j4"
    # Set two flags on linux only
    CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_LINUX: BUILD_TIME="$(date)" SAMPLE_TEXT="sample text"
    ```
@@ -581,6 +636,10 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
    # Supply options to `pip` to affect how it downloads dependencies
    environment = { PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL="https://pypi.myorg.com/simple" }
    # Any pip command-line option can be set using the PIP_ prefix
    # https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/topics/configuration/#environment-variables
    environment = { PIP_GLOBAL_OPTION="build_ext -j4" }
    # Set two flags on linux only
    [tool.cibuildwheel.linux]
    environment = { BUILD_TIME="$(date)", SAMPLE_TEXT="sample text" }
@@ -634,21 +693,25 @@ To specify more than one environment variable, separate the variable names by sp
 ### `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL` {: #before-all}
 > Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built.
-Shell command to prepare a common part of the project (e.g. build or install libraries which does not depend on the specific version of Python).
+Shell command that runs before any builds are run, to build or install parts that do not depend on the specific version of Python.
-This option is very useful for the Linux build, where builds take place in isolated Docker containers managed by cibuildwheel. This command will run inside the container before the wheel builds start. Note, if you're building both `x86_64` and `i686` wheels (the default), your build uses two different Docker images. In that case, this command will execute twice - once per build container.
+This option is very useful for the Linux build, where builds take place in isolated containers managed by cibuildwheel. This command will run inside the container before the wheel builds start. Note, if you're building both `x86_64` and `i686` wheels (the default), your build uses two different container images. In that case, this command will execute twice - once per build container.
 The placeholder `{package}` can be used here; it will be replaced by the path to the package being built by cibuildwheel.
 On Windows and macOS, the version of Python available inside `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL` is whatever is available on the host machine. On Linux, a modern Python version is available on PATH.
 This option has special behavior in the overrides section in `pyproject.toml`.
-On linux, overriding it triggers a new docker launch. It cannot be overridden
+On linux, overriding it triggers a new container launch. It cannot be overridden
 on macOS and Windows.
 Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>
 `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_MACOS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_WINDOWS` | `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX`
 !!! note
    This command is executed in a different Python environment from the builds themselves. So you can't `pip install` a Python dependency in CIBW_BEFORE_ALL and use it in the build. Instead, look at [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](#before-build), or, if your project uses pyproject.toml, the [build-system.requires](https://peps.python.org/pep-0518/#build-system-table) field.
 #### Examples
 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
@@ -691,9 +754,9 @@ Platform-specific environment variables also available:<br/>
    In configuration files, you can use a TOML array, and each line will be run sequentially - joined with `&&`.
-Note that manylinux2_24 builds occur inside a Debian9 docker, where
+Note that manylinux_2_24 builds occur inside a Debian9 docker, where
 manylinux2010 and manylinux2014 builds occur inside a CentOS one. So for
-`manylinux2_24` the `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX` command must use `apt-get -y`
+`manylinux_2_24` the `CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX` command must use `apt-get -y`
 instead.
 ### `CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD` {: #before-build}
@@ -783,12 +846,12 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 ### `CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND` {: #repair-wheel-command}
-> Execute a shell command to repair each (non-pure Python) built wheel
+> Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel
 Default:
 - on Linux: `'auditwheel repair -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'`
- on macOS: `'delocate-listdeps {wheel} && delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} {wheel}'`
+- on macOS: `'delocate-wheel --require-archs {delocate_archs} -w {dest_dir} -v {wheel}'`
 - on Windows: `''`
 A shell command to repair a built wheel by copying external library dependencies into the wheel tree and relinking them.
@@ -865,7 +928,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
 <div class="link-target" id="manylinux-image"></div>
 ### `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`, `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE` {: #linux-image}
-> Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux Docker images
+> Specify alternative manylinux / musllinux container images
 The available options are (default value):
@@ -885,16 +948,16 @@ The available options are (default value):
 Set an alternative Docker image to be used for building [manylinux / musllinux](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux) wheels.
-For `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010`, `manylinux2014` or `manylinux_2_24` to use a pinned version of the [official manylinux images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name. For PyPy, the `manylinux1` image is not available. For architectures other
+For `CIBW_MANYLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `manylinux1`, `manylinux2010`, `manylinux2014`, `manylinux_2_24` or `manylinux_2_28` to use a pinned version of the [official manylinux images](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name. For PyPy, the `manylinux1` image is not available. For architectures other
-than x86 (x86\_64 and i686) `manylinux2014` or `manylinux_2_24` must be used, because the first version of the manylinux specification that supports additional architectures is `manylinux2014`.
+than x86 (x86\_64 and i686) `manylinux2014`, `manylinux_2_24` or `manylinux_2_28` must be used, because the first version of the manylinux specification that supports additional architectures is `manylinux2014`. `manylinux_2_28` is not supported for `i686` architecture.
 For `CIBW_MUSLLINUX_*_IMAGE`, the value of this option can either be set to `musllinux_1_1` to use a pinned version of the [official musllinux images](https://github.com/pypa/musllinux). Alternatively, set these options to any other valid Docker image name.
 If this option is blank, it will fall though to the next available definition (environment variable -> pyproject.toml -> default).
-If setting a custom Docker image, you'll need to make sure it can be used in the same way as the official, default Docker images: all necessary Python and pip versions need to be present in `/opt/python/`, and the auditwheel tool needs to be present for cibuildwheel to work. Apart from that, the architecture and relevant shared system libraries need to be compatible to the relevant standard to produce valid manylinux1/manylinux2010/manylinux2014/manylinux_2_24/musllinux_1_1 wheels (see [pypa/manylinux on GitHub](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux), [PEP 513](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0513/), [PEP 571](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/), [PEP 599](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0599/), [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) and [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/) for more details).
+If setting a custom image, you'll need to make sure it can be used in the same way as the default images: all necessary Python and pip versions need to be present in `/opt/python/`, and the auditwheel tool needs to be present for cibuildwheel to work. Apart from that, the architecture and relevant shared system libraries need to be compatible to the relevant standard to produce valid manylinux1/manylinux2010/manylinux2014/manylinux_2_24/manylinux_2_28/musllinux_1_1 wheels (see [pypa/manylinux on GitHub](https://github.com/pypa/manylinux), [PEP 513](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0513/), [PEP 571](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/), [PEP 599](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0599/), [PEP 600](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0600/) and [PEP 656](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0656/) for more details).
-Auditwheel detects the version of the manylinux / musllinux standard in the Docker image through the `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, as cibuildwheel has no way of detecting the correct `--plat` command line argument to pass to auditwheel for a custom image. If a Docker image does not correctly set this `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, the `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` option can be used to do so (e.g., `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT='AUDITWHEEL_PLAT="manylinux2010_$(uname -m)"'`).
+Auditwheel detects the version of the manylinux / musllinux standard in the image through the `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, as cibuildwheel has no way of detecting the correct `--plat` command line argument to pass to auditwheel for a custom image. If a custom image does not correctly set this `AUDITWHEEL_PLAT` environment variable, the `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT` option can be used to do so (e.g., `CIBW_ENVIRONMENT='AUDITWHEEL_PLAT="manylinux2010_$(uname -m)"'`).
 #### Examples
@@ -955,6 +1018,44 @@ Auditwheel detects the version of the manylinux / musllinux standard in the Dock
    Like any other option, these can be placed in `[tool.cibuildwheel.linux]`
    if you prefer; they have no effect on `macos` and `windows`.
 ### `CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE` {: #container-engine}
 > Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels
 Options: `docker` `podman`
 Default: `docker`
 Set the container engine to use. Docker is the default, or you can switch to
 [Podman](https://podman.io/). To use Docker, you need to have a Docker daemon
 running and `docker` available on PATH. To use Podman, it needs to be
 installed and `podman` available on PATH.
 !!! tip
    While most users will stick with Docker, Podman is available in different
    contexts - for example, it can be run inside a Docker container, or without
    root access. Thanks to the [OCI], images are compatible between engines, so
    you can still use the regular manylinux/musllinux containers.
 [OCI]: https://opencontainers.org/
 #### Examples
 !!! tab examples "Environment variables"
    ```yaml
    CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE: podman
    ```
 !!! tab examples "pyproject.toml"
    ```toml
    [tool.cibuildwheel]
    container-engine = "podman"
    ```
 ### `CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS` {: #dependency-versions}
 > Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses
@@ -1020,6 +1121,7 @@ Platform-specific environment variables are also available:<br/>
    dependency-versions = "./constraints.txt"
    ```
 ## Testing
 ### `CIBW_TEST_COMMAND` {: #test-command}
@@ -1300,6 +1402,12 @@ Some options support placeholders, like `{project}`, `{package}` or `{wheel}`, t
    margin-top: 28px;
    overflow-x: auto;
  }
  @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
    .options-toc {
      grid-gap: 1em 0.5em;
      gap: 1em 0.5em;
    }
  }
  .options-toc .header {
    grid-column: 1 / 3;
    font-weight: bold;
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 title: 'Setup'
 ---
-# Run cibuildwheel locally (optional) {: #local}
+# Setup
 ## Run cibuildwheel locally (optional) {: #local}
 Before getting to CI setup, it can be convenient to test cibuildwheel
 locally to quickly iterate and track down issues without even touching CI.
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ You should see the builds taking place. You can experiment with options using en
    cibuildwheel --platform linux
    ```
-## Linux builds
+### Linux builds
 If you've got [Docker](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop) installed on
 your development machine, you can run a Linux build.
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ they're perfectly reproducible.
 The only side effect to your system will be docker images being pulled.
-## macOS / Windows builds
+### macOS / Windows builds
 Pre-requisite: you need to have native build tools installed.
@@ -137,9 +139,9 @@ You can override the cache folder using the ``CIBW_CACHE_PATH`` environment vari
    ```
-# Configure a CI service
+## Configure a CI service
-## GitHub Actions [linux/mac/windows] {: #github-actions}
+### GitHub Actions [linux/mac/windows] {: #github-actions}
 To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/workflows/build_wheels.yml` file in your repo.
@@ -154,10 +156,9 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
    {% include "../examples/github-minimal.yml" %}
    ```
-
+    Use `env:` to pass [build options](options.md) and `with:` to set
-    You can use `env:` with the action just like you would with `run:`; you can
+    `package-dir: .`, `output-dir: wheelhouse` and `config-file: ''`
-    also use `with:` to set the command line options: `package-dir: .` and
+    locations (those values are the defaults).
    `output-dir: wheelhouse` (those values are the defaults).
 !!! tab "pipx"
    The GitHub Actions runners have pipx installed, so you can easily build in
@@ -177,15 +178,15 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
        runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
        strategy:
          matrix:
-            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
        steps:
-          - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+          - uses: actions/checkout@v3
          - name: Build wheels
-            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+            run: pipx run cibuildwheel==2.11.2
-          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
            with:
              path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
    ```
@@ -209,21 +210,21 @@ To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels using GitHub Actions, create a `.github/
        runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
        strategy:
          matrix:
-            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+            os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
        steps:
-          - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+          - uses: actions/checkout@v3
          # Used to host cibuildwheel
-          - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+          - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
          - name: Install cibuildwheel
-            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+            run: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
          - name: Build wheels
            run: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+          - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
            with:
              path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
    ```
@@ -236,7 +237,7 @@ For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://help.github.com/en/acti
 [`examples/github-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/github-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example with a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
-## Azure Pipelines [linux/mac/windows] {: #azure-pipelines}
+### Azure Pipelines [linux/mac/windows] {: #azure-pipelines}
 To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on Azure Pipelines, create a `azure-pipelines.yml` file in your repo.
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Azure Pipelines, and push.
 Wheels will be stored for you and available through the Pipelines interface. For more info on this file, check out the [docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/yaml-schema).
-## Travis CI [linux/windows] {: #travis-ci}
+### Travis CI [linux/windows] {: #travis-ci}
 To build Linux and Windows wheels on Travis CI, create a `.travis.yml` file in your repo.
@@ -266,7 +267,7 @@ Then setup a deployment method by following the [Travis CI deployment docs](http
 [`examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml`](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml) extends this minimal example with a demonstration of how to automatically upload the built wheels to PyPI.
-## AppVeyor [linux/mac/windows] {: #appveyor}
+### AppVeyor [linux/mac/windows] {: #appveyor}
 To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on AppVeyor, create an `appveyor.yml` file in your repo.
@@ -282,7 +283,7 @@ AppVeyor will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the proj
 For more info on this config file, check out the [docs](https://www.appveyor.com/docs/).
-## CircleCI [linux/mac] {: #circleci}
+### CircleCI [linux/mac] {: #circleci}
 To build Linux and Mac wheels on CircleCI, create a `.circleci/config.yml` file in your repo,
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ Commit this file, enable building of your repo on CircleCI, and push.
 CircleCI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the project console. Check out the CircleCI [docs](https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/configuration-reference/#section=configuration) for more info on this config file.
-## Gitlab CI [linux] {: #gitlab-ci}
+### Gitlab CI [linux] {: #gitlab-ci}
 To build Linux wheels on Gitlab CI, create a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file in your repo,
@@ -313,15 +314,29 @@ Commit this file, and push to Gitlab. The pipeline should start automatically.
 Gitlab will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the Pipelines view. Check out the Gitlab [docs](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/) for more info on this config file.
 ### Cirrus CI [linux/mac/windows] {: #cirrus-ci}
 To build Linux, Mac, and Windows wheels on Cirrus CI, create a `.cirrus.yml` file in your repo,
 > .cirrus.yml
 ```yaml
 {% include "../examples/cirrus-ci-minimal.yml" %}
 ```
 Commit this file, enable building of your repo on Cirrus CI, and push.
 Cirrus CI will store the built wheels for you - you can access them from the individual task view. Check out the Cirrus CI [docs](https://cirrus-ci.org/guide/writing-tasks/) for more info on this config file.
 > ⚠️ Got an error? Check the [FAQ](faq.md).
-# Next steps
+## Next steps
 Once you've got the wheel building successfully, you might want to set up [testing](options.md#test-command) or [automatic releases to PyPI](deliver-to-pypi.md#automatic-method).
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@@ -9,39 +9,39 @@ title: Working examples
 | Name                              | CI | OS | Notes |
 |-----------------------------------|----|----|:------|
 | [scikit-learn][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.  |
 | [Tornado][]                       | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. |
 | [NumPy][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. |
 | [Tornado][]                       | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. |
 | [pytorch-fairseq][]               | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python. |
 | [Matplotlib][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions |
 | [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [NCNN][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform |
 | [Kivy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS |
 | [Prophet][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
 | [MyPy][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC. |
 | [pydantic][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Data parsing and validation using Python type hints |
 | [MemRay][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Memray is a memory profiler for Python |
 | [uvloop][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast asyncio event loop. |
 | [psutil][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Cross-platform lib for process and system monitoring in Python |
 | [MemRay][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Memray is a memory profiler for Python |
 | [vaex][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Out-of-Core hybrid Apache Arrow/NumPy DataFrame for Python, ML, visualization and exploration of big tabular data at a billion rows per second 🚀 |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an in-process SQL OLAP Database Management System |
 | [Google Benchmark][]              | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A microbenchmark support library |
 | [Apache Beam][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Apache Beam is a unified programming model for Batch and Streaming data processing. |
 | [asyncpg][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio. |
-| [scikit-image][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project that uses Cython with platform-native code.  |
+| [PyGame][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🐍🎮 pygame (the library) is a Free and Open Source python programming language library for making multimedia applications like games built on top of the excellent SDL library. C, Python, Native, OpenGL. |
 | [duckdb][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | DuckDB is an in-process SQL OLAP Database Management System |
 | [PyGame][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | pygame (the library) is a Free and Open Source python programming language library for making multimedia applications like games built on top of the excellent SDL library. C, Python, Native, OpenGL. |
 | [cmake][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [scikit-image][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Image processing library. Uses cibuildwheel to build and test a project that uses Cython with platform-native code.  |
 | [twisted-iocpsupport][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] | A submodule of Twisted that hooks into native C APIs using Cython. |
 | [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
 | [websockets][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Library for building WebSocket servers and clients. Mostly written in Python, with a small C 'speedups' extension module.  |
 | [cvxpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A Python-embedded modeling language for convex optimization problems. |
 | [UltraJSON][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast JSON decoder and encoder written in C with Python bindings |
 | [PyOxidizer][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A modern Python application packaging and distribution tool |
 | [Triton][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Self hosted runners |
 | [UltraJSON][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Ultra fast JSON decoder and encoder written in C with Python bindings |
 | [River][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | 🌊 Online machine learning in Python |
 | [OpenSpiel][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | OpenSpiel is a collection of environments and algorithms for research in general reinforcement learning and search/planning in games. |
-| [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython and CFFI.  |
+| [pyzmq][]                         | ![github icon][] ![circleci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for zeromq, the networking library. Uses Cython on CPython and CFFI on PyPy. ARM wheels for linux are built natively on CircleCI.  |
 | [aiortc][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebRTC and ORTC implementation for Python using asyncio. |
 | [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
 | [Implicit][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes GPU support for linux wheels |
 | [Confluent client for Kafka][]    | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | setup in `tools/wheels/build-wheels.bat` |
 | [Implicit][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes GPU support for linux wheels |
 | [vispy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Main repository for Vispy |
 | [tinyobjloader][]                 | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tiny but powerful single file wavefront obj loader |
 | [Dependency Injector][]           | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Dependency injection framework for Python, uses Windows TravisCI |
 | [coverage.py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The coverage tool for Python |
@@ -51,97 +51,102 @@ title: Working examples
 | [h5py][]                          | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | HDF5 for Python -- The h5py package is a Pythonic interface to the HDF5 binary data format. |
 | [Wrapt][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python module for decorators, wrappers and monkey patching. |
 | [PyAV][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries. |
 | [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
 | [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
 | [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
 | [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
 | [pikepdf][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python library for reading and writing PDF, powered by qpdf |
 | [SimpleJSON][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | simplejson is a simple, fast, extensible JSON encoder/decoder for Python  |
 | [Line Profiler][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Line-by-line profiling for Python |
 | [OpenColorIO][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | A color management framework for visual effects and animation. |
 | [PyTables][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python package to manage extremely large amounts of data |
 | [OpenTimelineIO][]                | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Open Source API and interchange format for editorial timeline information. |
-| [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
+| [envd][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | 🏕️ Development environment for AI/ML |
 | [aioquic][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | QUIC and HTTP/3 implementation in Python |
 | [ruptures][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Extensive Cython + NumPy [pyproject.toml](https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures/blob/master/pyproject.toml) example. |
 | [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
 | [DeepForest][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | An Efficient, Scalable and Optimized Python Framework for Deep Forest (2021.2.1) |
 | [google neuroglancer][]           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | WebGL-based viewer for volumetric data |
 | [Psycopg 3][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A modern implementation of a PostgreSQL adapter for Python |
 | [Parselmouth][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python interface to the Praat software package, using pybind11, C++17 and CMake, with the core Praat static library built only once and shared between wheels. |
 | [AutoPy][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [H3-py][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for H3, a hierarchical hexagonal geospatial indexing system |
 | [Rtree][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Rtree: spatial index for Python GIS ¶ |
 | [markupsafe][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup. |
 | [python-rapidjson][]              | ![travisci icon][] ![gitlab icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python wrapper around rapidjson |
 | [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
 | [pybind11 cmake_example][]        | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a CMake-based build system |
 | [python-snappy][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python bindings for the snappy google library |
 | [KDEpy][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Kernel Density Estimation in Python |
 | [tgcalls][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Python `pybind11` binding to Telegram's WebRTC library with third party dependencies like `OpenSSL`, `MozJPEG`, `FFmpeg`, etc. |
 | [pybind11 python_example][]       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Example pybind11 module built with a Python-based build system |
 | [dd-trace-py][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Uses custom alternate arch emulation on GitHub |
-| [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
+| [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures. |
 | [time-machine][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Time mocking library using only the CPython C API. |
 | [sourmash][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Quickly search, compare, and analyze genomic and metagenomic data sets. |
-| [CTranslate2][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes libraries from the [Intel oneAPI toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) and CUDA kernels compiled for multiple GPU architectures. |
+| [cyvcf2][]                        | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | cython + htslib == fast VCF and BCF processing |
 | [abess][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions. |
 | [matrixprofile][]                 | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A Python 3 library making time series data mining tasks, utilizing matrix profile algorithms, accessible to everyone. |
 | [abess][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A fast best-subset selection library. It uses cibuildwheel to build a large project with C++ extensions. |
 | [jq.py][]                         | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python bindings for jq |
 | [iminuit][]                       | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Jupyter-friendly Python interface for C++ MINUIT2 |
 | [Tokenizer][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast and customizable text tokenization library with BPE and SentencePiece support |
 | [PyGLM][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Fast OpenGL Mathematics (GLM) for Python |
 | [mosec][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] | A high-performance serving framework for ML models, offers dynamic batching and multi-stage pipeline to fully exploit your compute machine |
 | [bx-python][]                     | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A library that includes Cython extensions. |
 | [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [boost-histogram][]               | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Supports full range of wheels, including PyPy and alternate archs. |
 | [iDynTree][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Uses manylinux_2_24 |
 | [TgCrypto][]                      | ![travisci icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Includes a Windows Travis build. |
 | [Python-WebRTC][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | a Python extension that provides bindings to WebRTC M92 |
 | [pybase64][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Fast Base64 encoding/decoding in Python |
 | [Arbor][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Arbor is a multi-compartment neuron simulation library; compatible with next-generation accelerators; best-practices applied to research software; focused on community-driven development. Includes a [small script](https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor/blob/master/scripts/patchwheel.py) patching `rpath` in bundled libraries.  |
 | [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
 | [fathon][]                        | ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | python package for DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) and related algorithms |
-| [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
+| [etebase-py][]                    | ![travisci icon][] | ![linux icon][] | Python bindings to a Rust library using `setuptools-rust`, and `sccache` for improved speed. |
 | [polaroid][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Full range of wheels for setuptools rust, with auto release and PyPI deploy. |
-| [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
+| [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python CFFI binding to libheif library with third party dependencies like `libde265`, `x265`, `libaom` with test & publishing on PyPi. |
 | [clang-format][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels. |
 | [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
 | [power-grid-model][]              | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python/C++ library for distribution power system analysis |
 | [Imagecodecs (fork)][]            | ![azurepipelines icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Over 20 external dependencies in compiled libraries, custom docker image, `libomp`, `openblas` and `install_name_tool` for macOS. |
 | [cf-units][]                      | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Units of measure as required by the Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions |
 | [clang-format][]                  | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Scikit-build wrapper around LLVM's CMake, all platforms, generic wheels. |
 | [pybind11 scikit_build_example][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | An example combining scikit-build and pybind11 |
 | [numpythia][]                     | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between PYTHIA and NumPy |
 | [pyjet][]                         | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The interface between FastJet and NumPy |
 | [ninja][]                         | ![github icon][] ![travisci icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Multitagged binary builds for all supported platforms, using cibw 2 config configuration. |
 | [GSD][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] ![windows icon][] | Cython and NumPy project with 64-bit wheels. |
 | [pillow-heif][]                   | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python CFFI binding to libheif library with third party dependencies like `libde265`, `x265`, `libaom` with test & publishing on PyPi. |
 | [pyinstrument_cext][]             | ![travisci icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A simple C extension, without external dependencies |
 | [xmlstarlet][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python 3.6+ CFFI bindings with true MSVC build. |
 | [CorrectionLib][]                 | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Structured JSON powered correction library for HEP, designed for the CMS experiment at CERN. |
 | [pyinstrument_cext][]             | ![travisci icon][] ![appveyor icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A simple C extension, without external dependencies |
 | [SiPM][]                          | ![github icon][] | ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | High performance library for SiPM detectors simulation using C++17, OpenMP and AVX2 intrinsics. |
 | [ril][]                           | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | A python binding to Rust Imaging library using maturin and Pyo3, utilizes Github Action cache to improve speed. Builds abi3 wheels. |
 | [xmlstarlet][]                    | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Python 3.6+ CFFI bindings with true MSVC build. |
 | [pybind11 cross build example][]  | ![github icon][] ![gitlab icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Same as pybind11 cmake_example but used to demo Linux ARM + Windows + macOS builds on GitLab |
 [scikit-learn]: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [NumPy]: https://github.com/numpy/numpy
 [Tornado]: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado
 [pytorch-fairseq]: https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq
 [Matplotlib]: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib
 [Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [NCNN]: https://github.com/Tencent/ncnn
 [Kivy]: https://github.com/kivy/kivy
 [Prophet]: https://github.com/facebook/prophet
 [MyPy]: https://github.com/mypyc/mypy_mypyc-wheels
 [pydantic]: https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic
 [MemRay]: https://github.com/bloomberg/memray
 [uvloop]: https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop
 [psutil]: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
 [MemRay]: https://github.com/bloomberg/memray
 [vaex]: https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
 [Google Benchmark]: https://github.com/google/benchmark
 [Apache Beam]: https://github.com/apache/beam
 [asyncpg]: https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg
 [scikit-image]: https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image
 [duckdb]: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb
 [PyGame]: https://github.com/pygame/pygame
 [cmake]: https://github.com/scikit-build/cmake-python-distributions
 [scikit-image]: https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image
 [twisted-iocpsupport]: https://github.com/twisted/twisted-iocpsupport
 [PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
 [websockets]: https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets
 [cvxpy]: https://github.com/cvxpy/cvxpy
 [UltraJSON]: https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson
 [PyOxidizer]: https://github.com/indygreg/PyOxidizer
 [Triton]: https://github.com/openai/triton
 [UltraJSON]: https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson
 [River]: https://github.com/online-ml/river
 [OpenSpiel]: https://github.com/deepmind/open_spiel
 [pyzmq]: https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq
 [aiortc]: https://github.com/aiortc/aiortc
 [vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
 [Implicit]: https://github.com/benfred/implicit
 [Confluent client for Kafka]: https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python
 [Implicit]: https://github.com/benfred/implicit
 [vispy]: https://github.com/vispy/vispy
 [tinyobjloader]: https://github.com/tinyobjloader/tinyobjloader
 [Dependency Injector]: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 [coverage.py]: https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy
@@ -151,62 +156,67 @@ title: Working examples
 [h5py]: https://github.com/h5py/h5py
 [Wrapt]: https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/wrapt
 [PyAV]: https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV
 [SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
 [OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
 [Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
 [PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
 [pikepdf]: https://github.com/pikepdf/pikepdf
 [SimpleJSON]: https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson
 [Line Profiler]: https://github.com/pyutils/line_profiler
 [OpenColorIO]: https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenColorIO
 [PyTables]: https://github.com/PyTables/PyTables
 [OpenTimelineIO]: https://github.com/PixarAnimationStudios/OpenTimelineIO
-[ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
+[envd]: https://github.com/tensorchord/envd
 [aioquic]: https://github.com/aiortc/aioquic
 [ruptures]: https://github.com/deepcharles/ruptures
 [Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
 [DeepForest]: https://github.com/LAMDA-NJU/Deep-Forest
 [google neuroglancer]: https://github.com/google/neuroglancer
 [Psycopg 3]: https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg
 [Parselmouth]: https://github.com/YannickJadoul/Parselmouth
 [AutoPy]: https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy
 [H3-py]: https://github.com/uber/h3-py
 [Rtree]: https://github.com/Toblerity/rtree
 [markupsafe]: https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe
 [python-rapidjson]: https://github.com/python-rapidjson/python-rapidjson
 [python-snappy]: https://github.com/andrix/python-snappy
 [pybind11 cmake_example]: https://github.com/pybind/cmake_example
 [python-snappy]: https://github.com/andrix/python-snappy
 [KDEpy]: https://github.com/tommyod/KDEpy
 [tgcalls]: https://github.com/MarshalX/tgcalls
 [pybind11 python_example]: https://github.com/pybind/python_example
 [dd-trace-py]: https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py
-[cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
+[CTranslate2]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/CTranslate2
 [time-machine]: https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine
 [sourmash]: https://github.com/dib-lab/sourmash
-[CTranslate2]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/CTranslate2
+[cyvcf2]: https://github.com/brentp/cyvcf2
 [abess]: https://github.com/abess-team/abess
 [matrixprofile]: https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation/matrixprofile
 [abess]: https://github.com/abess-team/abess
 [jq.py]: https://github.com/mwilliamson/jq.py
 [iminuit]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/iminuit
 [Tokenizer]: https://github.com/OpenNMT/Tokenizer
 [PyGLM]: https://github.com/Zuzu-Typ/PyGLM
 [mosec]: https://github.com/mosecorg/mosec
 [bx-python]: https://github.com/bxlab/bx-python
 [TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
 [boost-histogram]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/boost-histogram
 [iDynTree]: https://github.com/robotology/idyntree
 [TgCrypto]: https://github.com/pyrogram/tgcrypto
 [Python-WebRTC]: https://github.com/MarshalX/python-webrtc
 [pybase64]: https://github.com/mayeut/pybase64
 [Arbor]: https://github.com/arbor-sim/arbor
 [etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
 [fathon]: https://github.com/stfbnc/fathon
-[Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
+[etebase-py]: https://github.com/etesync/etebase-py
 [polaroid]: https://github.com/daggy1234/polaroid
-[numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
+[pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
 [clang-format]: https://github.com/ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
 [pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
 [power-grid-model]: https://github.com/alliander-opensource/power-grid-model
 [Imagecodecs (fork)]: https://github.com/czaki/imagecodecs_build
 [cf-units]: https://github.com/SciTools/cf-units
 [clang-format]: https://github.com/ssciwr/clang-format-wheel
 [pybind11 scikit_build_example]: https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example
 [numpythia]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/numpythia
 [pyjet]: https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyjet
 [ninja]: https://github.com/scikit-build/ninja-python-distributions
 [GSD]: https://github.com/glotzerlab/gsd
 [pillow-heif]: https://github.com/bigcat88/pillow_heif
 [pyinstrument_cext]: https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument_cext
 [xmlstarlet]: https://github.com/dimitern/xmlstarlet
 [CorrectionLib]: https://github.com/cms-nanoAOD/correctionlib
 [pyinstrument_cext]: https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument_cext
 [SiPM]: https://github.com/EdoPro98/SimSiPM
 [ril]: https://github.com/Cryptex-github/ril-py
 [xmlstarlet]: https://github.com/dimitern/xmlstarlet
 [pybind11 cross build example]: https://github.com/wbarnha/pybind_cmake_example_crossbuild
 [appveyor icon]: data/readme_icons/appveyor.svg
 [github icon]: data/readme_icons/github.svg
@@ -214,109 +224,115 @@ title: Working examples
 [circleci icon]: data/readme_icons/circleci.svg
 [gitlab icon]: data/readme_icons/gitlab.svg
 [travisci icon]: data/readme_icons/travisci.svg
 [cirrusci icon]: data/readme_icons/cirrusci.svg
 [windows icon]: data/readme_icons/windows.svg
 [apple icon]: data/readme_icons/apple.svg
 [linux icon]: data/readme_icons/linux.svg
-<!-- scikit-learn: 49827, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- scikit-learn: 51848, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Tornado: 20521, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- NumPy: 21783, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- NumPy: 20265, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Tornado: 20819, last pushed 9 days ago -->
-<!-- pytorch-fairseq: 16785, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pytorch-fairseq: 19600, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Matplotlib: 15401, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Matplotlib: 16308, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Kivy: 14554, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- NCNN: 15771, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- NCNN: 14371, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Kivy: 15142, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Prophet: 14355, last pushed 16 days ago -->
+<!-- Prophet: 15053, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- MyPy: 12962, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- MyPy: 14010, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pydantic: 9748, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- pydantic: 11358, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- uvloop: 8562, last pushed 111 days ago -->
+<!-- MemRay: 9471, last pushed 4 days ago -->
-<!-- psutil: 8332, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- uvloop: 8956, last pushed 23 days ago -->
-<!-- MemRay: 7309, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- psutil: 8794, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- vaex: 7014, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- vaex: 7361, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- Google Benchmark: 6408, last pushed 16 days ago -->
+<!-- duckdb: 6941, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Apache Beam: 5467, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Google Benchmark: 6940, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- asyncpg: 5434, last pushed 31 days ago -->
+<!-- Apache Beam: 5970, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- scikit-image: 4877, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- asyncpg: 5679, last pushed 13 days ago -->
-<!-- duckdb: 4808, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- PyGame: 5309, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- PyGame: 4731, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- cmake: 5181, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- cmake: 4701, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- scikit-image: 5093, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- twisted-iocpsupport: 4574, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- twisted-iocpsupport: 4808, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- websockets: 3903, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- PyOxidizer: 4347, last pushed 21 days ago -->
-<!-- cvxpy: 3881, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- websockets: 4210, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- UltraJSON: 3662, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- cvxpy: 4147, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- PyOxidizer: 3628, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Triton: 4134, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Triton: 3590, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- UltraJSON: 3872, last pushed 10 days ago -->
-<!-- River: 3327, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- River: 3762, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- OpenSpiel: 3163, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenSpiel: 3363, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pyzmq: 3069, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- pyzmq: 3187, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- aiortc: 2887, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- aiortc: 3110, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- vispy: 2858, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Confluent client for Kafka: 3002, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- Implicit: 2753, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- Implicit: 2979, last pushed 20 days ago -->
-<!-- Confluent client for Kafka: 2731, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- vispy: 2946, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- tinyobjloader: 2492, last pushed 121 days ago -->
+<!-- tinyobjloader: 2674, last pushed 2 days ago -->
-<!-- Dependency Injector: 2061, last pushed 10 days ago -->
+<!-- Dependency Injector: 2444, last pushed 46 days ago -->
-<!-- coverage.py: 2013, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- coverage.py: 2234, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- PyCryptodome: 1981, last pushed 11 days ago -->
+<!-- PyCryptodome: 2155, last pushed 24 days ago -->
-<!-- PyYAML: 1810, last pushed 11 days ago -->
+<!-- PyYAML: 1965, last pushed 8 days ago -->
-<!-- numexpr: 1750, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- numexpr: 1827, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- h5py: 1716, last pushed 21 days ago -->
+<!-- h5py: 1794, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- Wrapt: 1662, last pushed 40 days ago -->
+<!-- Wrapt: 1772, last pushed 61 days ago -->
-<!-- PyAV: 1538, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- PyAV: 1699, last pushed 5 days ago -->
-<!-- SimpleJSON: 1481, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- pikepdf: 1537, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- OpenColorIO: 1299, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- SimpleJSON: 1526, last pushed 115 days ago -->
-<!-- Line Profiler: 1173, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Line Profiler: 1430, last pushed 11 days ago -->
-<!-- PyTables: 1120, last pushed 8 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenColorIO: 1385, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pikepdf: 1042, last pushed 8 days ago -->
+<!-- PyTables: 1153, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- OpenTimelineIO: 1035, last pushed 5 days ago -->
+<!-- OpenTimelineIO: 1111, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- ruptures: 945, last pushed 12 days ago -->
+<!-- envd: 1101, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- aioquic: 906, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- aioquic: 1094, last pushed 6 days ago -->
-<!-- DeepForest: 743, last pushed 278 days ago -->
+<!-- ruptures: 1068, last pushed 17 days ago -->
-<!-- google neuroglancer: 731, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- Psycopg 3: 816, last pushed 3 days ago -->
-<!-- Psycopg 3: 654, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- DeepForest: 786, last pushed 24 days ago -->
-<!-- Parselmouth: 649, last pushed 23 days ago -->
+<!-- google neuroglancer: 768, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- AutoPy: 634, last pushed 123 days ago -->
+<!-- Parselmouth: 727, last pushed 14 days ago -->
-<!-- H3-py: 514, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- AutoPy: 681, last pushed 34 days ago -->
-<!-- Rtree: 473, last pushed 8 days ago -->
+<!-- H3-py: 570, last pushed 11 days ago -->
-<!-- markupsafe: 465, last pushed 23 days ago -->
+<!-- Rtree: 505, last pushed 13 days ago -->
-<!-- python-rapidjson: 449, last pushed 50 days ago -->
+<!-- markupsafe: 501, last pushed 21 days ago -->
-<!-- python-snappy: 430, last pushed 42 days ago -->
+<!-- python-rapidjson: 462, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 cmake_example: 392, last pushed 16 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 cmake_example: 462, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- KDEpy: 365, last pushed 76 days ago -->
+<!-- python-snappy: 445, last pushed 222 days ago -->
-<!-- tgcalls: 347, last pushed 109 days ago -->
+<!-- KDEpy: 417, last pushed 22 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 python_example: 320, last pushed 16 days ago -->
+<!-- tgcalls: 393, last pushed 115 days ago -->
-<!-- dd-trace-py: 315, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 python_example: 370, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- cyvcf2: 295, last pushed 43 days ago -->
+<!-- dd-trace-py: 364, last pushed 0 days ago -->
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+<!-- CTranslate2: 350, last pushed 0 days ago -->
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+<!-- time-machine: 345, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- CTranslate2: 263, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- sourmash: 326, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- abess: 261, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- cyvcf2: 307, last pushed 26 days ago -->
-<!-- matrixprofile: 256, last pushed 306 days ago -->
+<!-- matrixprofile: 290, last pushed 18 days ago -->
-<!-- jq.py: 212, last pushed 80 days ago -->
+<!-- abess: 289, last pushed 43 days ago -->
-<!-- iminuit: 199, last pushed 6 days ago -->
+<!-- jq.py: 237, last pushed 10 days ago -->
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+<!-- iminuit: 212, last pushed 22 days ago -->
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+<!-- Tokenizer: 196, last pushed 41 days ago -->
-<!-- bx-python: 113, last pushed 112 days ago -->
+<!-- PyGLM: 151, last pushed 210 days ago -->
-<!-- boost-histogram: 110, last pushed 9 days ago -->
+<!-- mosec: 146, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- iDynTree: 103, last pushed 16 days ago -->
+<!-- bx-python: 121, last pushed 57 days ago -->
-<!-- TgCrypto: 96, last pushed 54 days ago -->
+<!-- TgCrypto: 117, last pushed 13 days ago -->
-<!-- Python-WebRTC: 88, last pushed 48 days ago -->
+<!-- boost-histogram: 117, last pushed 7 days ago -->
-<!-- pybase64: 82, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- iDynTree: 109, last pushed 14 days ago -->
-<!-- Arbor: 72, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Python-WebRTC: 96, last pushed 228 days ago -->
-<!-- etebase-py: 56, last pushed 121 days ago -->
+<!-- pybase64: 92, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- fathon: 44, last pushed 161 days ago -->
+<!-- Arbor: 82, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- Imagecodecs (fork): 42, last pushed 58 days ago -->
+<!-- fathon: 71, last pushed 144 days ago -->
-<!-- polaroid: 35, last pushed 137 days ago -->
+<!-- etebase-py: 60, last pushed 110 days ago -->
-<!-- numpythia: 33, last pushed 23 days ago -->
+<!-- polaroid: 57, last pushed 5 days ago -->
-<!-- clang-format: 33, last pushed 1 days ago -->
+<!-- pillow-heif: 52, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- pyjet: 32, last pushed 23 days ago -->
+<!-- power-grid-model: 52, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- power-grid-model: 31, last pushed 0 days ago -->
+<!-- Imagecodecs (fork): 50, last pushed 28 days ago -->
-<!-- pybind11 scikit_build_example: 23, last pushed 16 days ago -->
+<!-- cf-units: 49, last pushed 0 days ago -->
-<!-- ninja: 23, last pushed 3 days ago -->
+<!-- clang-format: 44, last pushed 23 days ago -->
-<!-- GSD: 19, last pushed 12 days ago -->
+<!-- pybind11 scikit_build_example: 36, last pushed 1 days ago -->
-<!-- pillow-heif: 18, last pushed 2 days ago -->
+<!-- numpythia: 36, last pushed 23 days ago -->
-<!-- pyinstrument_cext: 10, last pushed 201 days ago -->
+<!-- pyjet: 33, last pushed 23 days ago -->
-<!-- xmlstarlet: 9, last pushed 16 days ago -->
+<!-- ninja: 26, last pushed 10 days ago -->
-<!-- CorrectionLib: 8, last pushed 7 days ago -->
+<!-- GSD: 19, last pushed 21 days ago -->
-<!-- SiPM: 6, last pushed 8 days ago -->
+<!-- CorrectionLib: 11, last pushed 0 days ago -->
 <!-- pyinstrument_cext: 10, last pushed 381 days ago -->
 <!-- SiPM: 10, last pushed 145 days ago -->
 <!-- ril: 10, last pushed 41 days ago -->
 <!-- xmlstarlet: 8, last pushed 7 days ago -->
 <!-- pybind11 cross build example: 0, last pushed 11 days ago -->
 <!-- END bin/projects.py -->
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ stack: python 3.7
 init:
 - cmd: set PATH=C:\Python37;C:\Python37\Scripts;%PATH%
-install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
 build_script: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 jobs:
 - job: linux
-  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-16.04'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-20.04'}
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
    - bash: |
        set -o errexit
        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+        pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
      displayName: Install dependencies
    - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
      displayName: Build wheels
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ jobs:
      inputs: {pathtoPublish: 'wheelhouse'}
 - job: macos
-  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-10.15'}
+  pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-11'}
  steps:
    - task: UsePythonVersion@0
    - bash: |
        set -o errexit
        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+        python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
      displayName: Install dependencies
    - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
      displayName: Build wheels
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
    - bash: |
        set -o errexit
        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+        pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
      displayName: Install dependencies
    - bash: cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse .
      displayName: Build wheels
@@ -4,18 +4,35 @@ jobs:
  linux-wheels:
    working_directory: ~/linux-wheels
    docker:
-      - image: circleci/python:3.6
+      - image: circleci/python:3.9
    steps:
      - checkout
      - setup_remote_docker
      - run:
          name: Build the Linux wheels.
          command: |
-            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+            pip3 install --user cibuildwheel==2.11.2
            cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
      - store_artifacts:
          path: wheelhouse/
  linux-aarch64-wheels:
    working_directory: ~/linux-aarch64-wheels
    machine:
      image: ubuntu-2004:2022.04.1
    # resource_class is what tells CircleCI to use an ARM worker for native arm builds
    # https://circleci.com/product/features/resource-classes/
    resource_class: arm.medium
    steps:
      - checkout
      - run:
          name: Build the Linux aarch64 wheels.
          command: |
            python3 -m pip install --user cibuildwheel==2.11.2
            python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
      - store_artifacts:
          path: wheelhouse/
  osx-wheels:
    working_directory: ~/osx-wheels
    macos:
@@ -25,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
      - run:
          name: Build the OS X wheels.
          command: |
-            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+            pip3 install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
            cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
      - store_artifacts:
          path: wheelhouse/
@@ -35,4 +52,5 @@ workflows:
  all-tests:
    jobs:
      - linux-wheels
      - linux-aarch64-wheels
      - osx-wheels
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
  install_cibuildwheel_script:
    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
  run_cibuildwheel_script:
    - cibuildwheel
  wheels_artifacts:
    path: "wheelhouse/*"
 macos_task:
  name: Build macOS x86_64 and arm64 wheels.
  macos_instance:
    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
  env:
    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
    CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 arm64
  install_pre_requirements_script:
    - brew install python@3.10
    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
  <<: *BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
 build_and_store_wheels: &BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
  install_cibuildwheel_script:
    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
  run_cibuildwheel_script:
    - cibuildwheel
  wheels_artifacts:
    path: "wheelhouse/*"
 linux_x86_task:
  name: Build Linux x86 wheels.
  compute_engine_instance:
    image_project: cirrus-images
    image: family/docker-builder
    platform: linux
    cpu: 4
    memory: 4G
  install_pre_requirements_script:
    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
  <<: *BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
 linux_aarch64_task:
  name: Build Linux aarch64 wheels.
  compute_engine_instance:
    image_project: cirrus-images
    image: family/docker-builder-arm64
    architecture: arm64
    platform: linux
    cpu: 4
    memory: 4G
  install_pre_requirements_script:
    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
  <<: *BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
 windows_x86_task:
  name: Build Windows x86 wheels.
  windows_container:
    image: cirrusci/windowsservercore:visualstudio2022
    cpu: 4
    memory: 4G
  install_pre_requirements_script:
    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.10.6
    - refreshenv
    - echo PATH=%PATH% >> "%CIRRUS_ENV%"
  <<: *BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
 macos_arm64_task:
  name: Build macOS arm64 wheels.
  macos_instance:
    image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-monterey-xcode
  env:
    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH
  install_pre_requirements_script:
    - brew install python@3.10
    - ln -s python3 /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/bin/python
  <<: *BUILD_AND_STORE_WHEELS
@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ on: [push, pull_request]
 jobs:
  build_wheels_macos:
-    name: Build wheels on macos-10.15
+    name: Build wheels on macos-11
-    runs-on: macos-10.15
+    runs-on: macos-11
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.5.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.11.2
        env:
-          CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 universal2
+          CIBW_ARCHS_MACOS: x86_64 arm64
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.5.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.11.2
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ jobs:
    name: Build source distribution
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Build sdist
        run: pipx run build --sdist
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          path: dist/*.tar.gz
@@ -49,12 +49,14 @@ jobs:
    # alternatively, to publish when a GitHub Release is created, use the following rule:
    # if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
        with:
          # unpacks default artifact into dist/
          # if `name: artifact` is omitted, the action will create extra parent dir
          name: artifact
          path: dist
-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.4.2
+      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.0
        with:
          user: __token__
          password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}
@@ -8,17 +8,21 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.5.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.11.2
        # to supply options, put them in 'env', like:
        # env:
        #   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value
        #    ...
        # with:
        #   package-dir: .
        #   output-dir: wheelhouse
        #   config-file: "{package}/pyproject.toml"
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -8,29 +8,24 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-10.15]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, windows-2019, macos-11]
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
        name: Install Python
        with:
          python-version: '3.7'
      - name: Set up QEMU
        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
        with:
          platforms: all
      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.5.0
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.11.2
        env:
          # configure cibuildwheel to build native archs ('auto'), and some
          # emulated ones
          CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: auto aarch64 ppc64le s390x
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -12,8 +12,22 @@ linux:
    DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
  script:
    - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
-    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
    - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - wheelhouse/
 windows:
  image: mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:1809
  before_script:
    - choco install python -y --version 3.8.6
    - choco install git.install -y
    - py -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
  script:
    - py -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform windows
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - wheelhouse/
  tags:
    - windows
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
 linux:
  image: python:3.8
  # make a docker daemon available for cibuildwheel to use
  services:
    - name: docker:dind
      entrypoint: ["env", "-u", "DOCKER_HOST"]
      command: ["dockerd-entrypoint.sh"]
  variables:
    DOCKER_HOST: tcp://docker:2375/
    DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
    # See https://github.com/docker-library/docker/pull/166
    DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
  script:
    - curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
    # Warning: This is extremely slow, be careful with how many wheels you build
    - docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
    - python -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
    # Assuming your CI runner's default architecture is x86_64...
    - cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse --platform linux --archs aarch64
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - wheelhouse/
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 os: linux
 dist: focal
 language: python
 python: "3.9"
 jobs:
  include:
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
        - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
 script:
  # build the wheels, put them into './dist'
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 os: linux
 dist: focal
 language: python
 python: "3.9"
 jobs:
  include:
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
        - ln -s /c/Python38/python.exe /c/Python38/python3.exe
 install:
-  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.5.0
+  - python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2
 script:
  # build the wheels, put them into './wheelhouse'
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ os: linux
 dist: focal
 language: python
 python:
  - 3.6
  - 3.7
  - 3.8
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
    - stage: deploy
      name: Build and deploy Linux wheels
      services: docker
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.5.0 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2 twine
      script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
      after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
    # Deploy on windows
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
      name: Build and deploy Windows wheels
      os: windows
      language: shell
-      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.5.0 twine
+      install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==2.11.2 twine
      script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
      after_success: python3 -m twine upload --skip-existing wheelhouse/*.whl
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ theme:
  highlightjs: true
  hljs_languages:
      - yaml
  collapse_navigation: false
  navigation_depth: 3
  custom_dir: docs/theme_overrides
 repo_url: https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel
 edit_uri: edit/main/docs/
@@ -14,6 +17,7 @@ extra_css:
 extra_javascript:
  - extra.js
 nav:
  - Home: index.md
  - setup.md
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
@@ -7,7 +9,7 @@ import nox
 nox.options.sessions = ["lint", "pylint", "check_manifest", "tests"]
-PYTHON_ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
+PYTHON_ALL_VERSIONS = ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
 DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
@@ -63,8 +65,27 @@ def update_constraints(session: nox.Session) -> None:
    """
    Update the dependencies inplace.
    """
-    session.install("requests", "pip-tools")
+    session.install("pip-tools")
-    session.run("python", "bin/update_dependencies.py")
+    assert isinstance(session.python, str)
    python_version = session.python.replace(".", "")
    env = os.environ.copy()
    # CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND is a pip-compile option that tells users how to
    # regenerate the constraints files
    env["CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND"] = f"nox -s {session.name}"
    session.run(
        "pip-compile",
        "--allow-unsafe",
        "--upgrade",
        "cibuildwheel/resources/constraints.in",
        f"--output-file=cibuildwheel/resources/constraints-python{python_version}.txt",
        env=env,
    )
    if session.python == PYTHON_ALL_VERSIONS[-1]:
        RESOURCES = DIR / "cibuildwheel" / "resources"
        shutil.copyfile(
            RESOURCES / f"constraints-python{python_version}.txt",
            RESOURCES / "constraints.txt",
        )
@nox.session
@@ -92,12 +113,13 @@ def update_proj(session: nox.Session) -> None:
    )
-@nox.session
+@nox.session(python="3.9")
 def docs(session: nox.Session) -> None:
    """
    Build the docs.
    """
    session.install("-e", ".[docs]")
    session.run("pip", "list")
    if session.posargs:
        if "serve" in session.posargs:
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 [tool.black]
 line-length = 100
-target-version = ['py36', 'py37', 'py38', 'py39', 'py310']
+target-version = ['py37', 'py38', 'py39', 'py310']
 [tool.isort]
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ module = [
    "setuptools",
    "pytest", # ignored in pre-commit to speed up check
    "bashlex",
    "bashlex.*",
    "importlib_resources",
    "ghapi.*",
 ]
 ignore_missing_imports = true
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ ignore = [
 ]
 [tool.pylint]
-master.py-version = "3.6"
+master.py-version = "3.7"
 master.jobs = "0"
 master.fail-on = ["E", "F"]
 master.fail-under = "9.8"
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [metadata]
 name = cibuildwheel
-version = 2.5.0
+version = 2.11.2
 description = Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration.
 long_description = file: README.md
 long_description_content_type = text/markdown
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ classifiers =
    Natural Language :: English
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
    Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
    Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools
 keywords = ci,wheel,packaging,pypi,travis,appveyor,macos,linux,windows
@@ -37,10 +37,9 @@ install_requires =
    filelock
    packaging>=20.9
    platformdirs
    dataclasses;python_version < '3.7'
    tomli;python_version < '3.11'
-    typing-extensions>=3.10.0.0;python_version < '3.8'
+    typing-extensions>=4.1.0;python_version < '3.11'
-python_requires = >=3.6
+python_requires = >=3.7
 include_package_data = True
 zip_safe = False
@@ -56,8 +55,8 @@ console_scripts =
 cibuildwheel = resources/*
 [flake8]
-extend-ignore = E203,E501,B950
+extend-ignore = E203,E501,B950,B023
-extend-select = B,B9
+extend-select = B9
 application-import-names = cibuildwheel
 exclude =
    cibuildwheel/resources/,
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 from setuptools import setup
 extras = {
    "docs": [
        "mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin==2.8.0",
-        "mkdocs==1.0.4",
+        "mkdocs==1.3.1",
-        "jinja2==3.0.3",
+        "jinja2>=3.1.2",
        "pymdown-extensions",
        "mkdocs-macros-plugin",
    ],
@@ -14,10 +16,10 @@ extras = {
        "pytest-timeout",
        "pytest-xdist",
        "build",
        "tomli_w",
    ],
    "bin": [
        "click",
        "ghapi",
        "pip-tools",
        "pygithub",
        "pyyaml",
@@ -43,6 +45,4 @@ extras["dev"] = [
    *extras["bin"],
 ]
 extras["all"] = sum(extras.values(), [])
 setup(extras_require=extras)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Dict
+from __future__ import annotations
 import pytest
@@ -7,24 +7,17 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser) -> None:
    parser.addoption(
        "--run-emulation", action="store_true", default=False, help="run emulation tests"
    )
-
+    parser.addoption("--run-podman", action="store_true", default=False, help="run podman tests")
-
+    parser.addoption(
-def pytest_configure(config):
+        "--run-cp38-universal2",
-    config.addinivalue_line("markers", "emulation: mark test requiring qemu binfmt_misc to run")
+        action="store_true",
-
+        default=False,
-
+        help="macOS cp38 uses the universal2 installer",
-def pytest_collection_modifyitems(config, items) -> None:
+    )
    if config.getoption("--run-emulation"):
        # --run-emulation given in cli: do not skip emulation tests
        return
    skip_emulation = pytest.mark.skip(reason="need --run-emulation option to run")
    for item in items:
        if "emulation" in item.keywords:
            item.add_marker(skip_emulation)
@pytest.fixture(
    params=[{"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": "pip"}, {"CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND": "build"}], ids=["pip", "build"]
 )
-def build_frontend_env(request) -> Dict[str, str]:
+def build_frontend_env(request) -> dict[str, str]:
    return request.param  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import textwrap
 import pytest
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ basic_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
 )
-def test(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
+def test(tmp_path, build_frontend_env, capfd):
    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
    basic_project.generate(project_dir)
@@ -29,6 +31,12 @@ def test(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0")
    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
    # Verify pip warning not shown
    captured = capfd.readouterr()
    for stream in (captured.err, captured.out):
        assert "WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result" not in stream
        assert "A new release of pip available" not in stream
@pytest.mark.skip(reason="to keep test output clean")
 def test_sample_build(tmp_path, capfd):
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import textwrap
 from . import test_projects, utils
 limited_api_project = test_projects.new_c_project(
    setup_py_add=textwrap.dedent(
        r"""
        cmdclass = {}
        extension_kwargs = {}
        if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 8):
            from wheel.bdist_wheel import bdist_wheel as _bdist_wheel
            class bdist_wheel_abi3(_bdist_wheel):
                def finalize_options(self):
                    _bdist_wheel.finalize_options(self)
                    self.root_is_pure = False
                def get_tag(self):
                    python, abi, plat = _bdist_wheel.get_tag(self)
                    return python, "abi3", plat
            cmdclass["bdist_wheel"] = bdist_wheel_abi3
            extension_kwargs["define_macros"] = [("Py_LIMITED_API", "0x03080000")]
            extension_kwargs["py_limited_api"] = True
    """
    ),
    setup_py_extension_args_add="**extension_kwargs",
    setup_py_setup_args_add="cmdclass=cmdclass",
 )
 def test_abi3(tmp_path):
    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
    limited_api_project.generate(project_dir)
    # build the wheels
    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
        project_dir,
        add_env={
            "CIBW_SKIP": "pp* ",  # PyPy does not have a Py_LIMITED_API equivalent
        },
    )
    # check that the expected wheels are produced
    expected_wheels = [
        w.replace("cp38-cp38", "cp38-abi3")
        for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0")
        if "-pp" not in w and "-cp39" not in w and "-cp310" not in w and "-cp311" not in w
    ]
    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
 ctypes_project = test_projects.TestProject()
 ctypes_project.files["setup.py"] = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    from setuptools import setup, Extension
    from distutils.command.build_ext import build_ext as _build_ext
    class CTypesExtension(Extension): pass
    class build_ext(_build_ext):
        def build_extension(self, ext):
            self._ctypes = isinstance(ext, CTypesExtension)
            return super().build_extension(ext)
        def get_export_symbols(self, ext):
            if self._ctypes:
                return ext.export_symbols
            return super().get_export_symbols(ext)
        def get_ext_filename(self, ext_name):
            if self._ctypes:
                return ext_name + '.so'
            return super().get_ext_filename(ext_name)
    from wheel.bdist_wheel import bdist_wheel as _bdist_wheel
    class bdist_wheel_abi_none(_bdist_wheel):
        def finalize_options(self):
            _bdist_wheel.finalize_options(self)
            self.root_is_pure = False
        def get_tag(self):
            python, abi, plat = _bdist_wheel.get_tag(self)
            return "py3", "none", plat
    setup(
        name="ctypesexample",
        version="1.0.0",
        py_modules = ["ctypesexample.summing"],
        ext_modules=[
            CTypesExtension(
                "ctypesexample.csumlib",
                ["ctypesexample/csumlib.c"],
            ),
        ],
        cmdclass={'build_ext': build_ext, 'bdist_wheel': bdist_wheel_abi_none},
    )
    """
 )
 ctypes_project.files["ctypesexample/csumlib.c"] = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    #ifdef _WIN32
    #define LIBRARY_API __declspec(dllexport)
    #else
    #define LIBRARY_API
    #endif
    #include <stdlib.h>
    LIBRARY_API double *add_vec3(double *a, double *b)
    {
        double *res = malloc(sizeof(double) * 3);
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
        {
            res[i] = a[i] + b[i];
        }
        return res;
    }
    """
 )
 ctypes_project.files["ctypesexample/summing.py"] = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    import ctypes
    import pathlib
    # path of the shared library
    libfile = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / "csumlib.so"
    csumlib = ctypes.CDLL(str(libfile))
    type_vec3 = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_double * 3)
    csumlib.add_vec3.restype = type_vec3
    csumlib.add_vec3.argtypes = [type_vec3, type_vec3]
    def add(a: list, b: list) -> list:
        a_p = (ctypes.c_double * 3)(*a)
        b_p = (ctypes.c_double * 3)(*b)
        r_p = csumlib.add_vec3(a_p,b_p)
        return [l for l in r_p.contents]
    """
 )
 ctypes_project.files["test/add_test.py"] = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    import ctypesexample.summing
    def test():
        a = [1, 2, 3]
        b = [4, 5, 6]
        assert ctypesexample.summing.add(a, b) == [5, 7, 9]
    """
 )
 def test_abi_none(tmp_path, capfd):
    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
    ctypes_project.generate(project_dir)
    # build the wheels
    actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(
        project_dir,
        add_env={
            "CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES": "pytest",
            "CIBW_TEST_COMMAND": "pytest {project}/test",
            # limit the number of builds for test performance reasons
            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp38-* cp310-* pp39-*",
        },
    )
    # check that the expected wheels are produced
    expected_wheels = utils.expected_wheels("ctypesexample", "1.0.0", python_abi_tags=["py3-none"])
    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
    # check that each wheel was built once, and reused
    captured = capfd.readouterr()
    assert "Building wheel..." in captured.out
    assert "Found previously built wheel" in captured.out
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 from . import test_projects, utils
 before_test_project = test_projects.new_c_project()
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import textwrap
 from . import test_projects, utils
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import platform
 import textwrap
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import jinja2
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import platform
 import re
 import textwrap
@@ -58,6 +61,8 @@ def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env):
    build_environment = {}
    if python_version == "3.6":
        if utils.platform == "macos" and platform.machine() == "arm64":
            pytest.skip("macOS arm64 does not support Python 3.6")
        constraint_filename = "constraints-python36.txt"
        build_pattern = "[cp]p36-*"
    elif python_version == "3.7":
@@ -103,7 +108,8 @@ def test_pinned_versions(tmp_path, python_version, build_frontend_env):
            w for w in utils.expected_wheels("spam", "0.1.0") if "-cp39" in w or "-pp39" in w
        ]
    else:
-        raise ValueError("unhandled python version")
+        msg = "unhandled python version"
        raise ValueError(msg)
    assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)
@@ -118,7 +124,7 @@ def test_dependency_constraints_file(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
    tool_versions = {
        "pip": "20.0.2",
        "setuptools": "53.0.0",
-        "wheel": "0.34.2",
+        "wheel": "0.36.2",
        "virtualenv": "20.11.2",
    }
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import subprocess
 import pytest
@@ -17,8 +19,10 @@ def test_spam():
 """
-@pytest.mark.emulation
+def test(tmp_path, request):
-def test(tmp_path):
+    if not request.config.getoption("--run-emulation"):
        pytest.skip("needs --run-emulation option to run")
    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
    project_with_a_test.generate(project_dir)
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
 import pytest
@@ -33,6 +36,7 @@ project_with_environment_asserts = test_projects.new_c_project(
 def test(tmp_path):
    python_echo = f"'{sys.executable}' -c \"import sys; print(*sys.argv[1:])\""
    project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
    project_with_environment_asserts.generate(project_dir)
@@ -43,7 +47,7 @@ def test(tmp_path):
        project_dir,
        add_env={
            "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT": """CIBW_TEST_VAR="a b c" CIBW_TEST_VAR_2=1 CIBW_TEST_VAR_3="$(echo 'test string 3')" PATH=$PATH:/opt/cibw_test_path""",
-            "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_WINDOWS": '''CIBW_TEST_VAR="a b c" CIBW_TEST_VAR_2=1 CIBW_TEST_VAR_3="$(echo 'test string 3')" PATH="$PATH;/opt/cibw_test_path"''',
+            "CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_WINDOWS": f'''CIBW_TEST_VAR="a b c" CIBW_TEST_VAR_2=1 CIBW_TEST_VAR_3="$({python_echo} 'test string 3')" PATH="$PATH;/opt/cibw_test_path"''',
        },
    )
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
`@@ -1 +1,3 @@`
	`__version__ = "2.5.0"`	`from __future__ import annotations`

		`__version__ = "2.11.2"`
`@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@`
	`version = "20.13.3"`	`version = "20.16.5"`
	`url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.13.3/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"`	`url = "https://github.com/pypa/get-virtualenv/blob/20.16.5/public/virtualenv.pyz?raw=true"`
		`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
							<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#606060"><title>Cirrus CI icon</title><path d="M19.422.453a1.113 1.113 0 0 0-1.113 1.115 1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.112 1.114c1.31 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.04 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 8.52a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.117h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 15.48a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.112h18.31c1.308 0 2.35 1.042 2.35 2.363 0 1.32-1.042 2.363-2.35 2.363H1.112A1.113 1.113 0 0 0 0 22.432a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 1.113 1.115h18.31a1.113 1.113 0 0 0 .206-.022c2.42-.112 4.37-2.12 4.37-4.57 0-1.393-.642-2.634-1.63-3.478C23.356 14.632 24 13.393 24 12c0-1.393-.643-2.632-1.63-3.477C23.357 7.68 24 6.438 24 5.045c0-2.52-2.06-4.592-4.578-4.592z"/></svg>