fix: more reliably validate Podman API version (#2016)

* fix: parse version strings that include dashes

It's possible for some container engines to report their versions with a dash (e.g., "4.9.4-rhel"), which breaks packaging.version.Version's ability to parse the string. This commit introduces a version_from_string method which santizies the version string and returns an instance of Version.

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* cleanup: pacify ruff

* cleanup: further pacify ruff

* fix: properly define _version_from_string method

Also, lift the method up and prefix with a "_" to better match the existing conventions

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* refactor: more robust podman ver check

Use the "podman --version" command instead of "podman version -f {{json .}}" for better reliability across distributions.

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* fix: oci engine version check

Lower Docker API check to 1.41
Podman versions are not PEP440 compliant, remove distro specific suffixes before parsing.
Add tests with real-world outputs and some made up ones.

* fix: UX on OCIEngineTooOldError

* Add FlexibleVersion

per review comment

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: mayeut <mayeut@users.noreply.github.com>

cibuildwheel/errors.py

@@ -61,4 +61,6 @@ class AlreadyBuiltWheelError(FatalError):
 
 
 class OCIEngineTooOldError(FatalError):
-    return_code = 7
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.return_code = 7

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import shlex
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import textwrap
 import typing
 import uuid
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
@@ -17,14 +18,13 @@ from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import IO, Dict, Literal
 
-from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
-
 from ._compat.typing import Self, assert_never
 from .errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
 from .logger import log
 from .typing import PathOrStr, PopenBytes
 from .util import (
     CIProvider,
+    FlexibleVersion,
     call,
     detect_ci_provider,
     parse_key_value_string,
@@ -103,25 +103,45 @@ def _check_engine_version(engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig) -> None:
         version_string = call(engine.name, "version", "-f", "{{json .}}", capture_stdout=True)
         version_info = json.loads(version_string.strip())
         if engine.name == "docker":
-            # --platform support was introduced in 1.32 as experimental
+            client_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Client"]["ApiVersion"])
-            # docker cp, as used by cibuildwheel, has been fixed in v24 => API 1.43, https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/38995
+            server_api_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Server"]["ApiVersion"])
-            client_api_version = Version(version_info["Client"]["ApiVersion"])
+            # --platform support was introduced in 1.32 as experimental, 1.41 removed the experimental flag
-            engine_api_version = Version(version_info["Server"]["ApiVersion"])
+            version = min(client_api_version, server_api_version)
-            version_supported = min(client_api_version, engine_api_version) >= Version("1.43")
+            minimum_version = FlexibleVersion("1.41")
+            minimum_version_str = "20.10.0"  # docker version
+            error_msg = textwrap.dedent(
+                f"""
+                Build failed because {engine.name} is too old.
+
+                cibuildwheel requires {engine.name}>={minimum_version_str} running API version {minimum_version}.
+                The API version found by cibuildwheel is {version}.
+                """
+            )
         elif engine.name == "podman":
-            client_api_version = Version(version_info["Client"]["APIVersion"])
+            # podman uses the same version string for "Version" & "ApiVersion"
+            client_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Client"]["Version"])
             if "Server" in version_info:
-                engine_api_version = Version(version_info["Server"]["APIVersion"])
+                server_version = FlexibleVersion(version_info["Server"]["Version"])
             else:
-                engine_api_version = client_api_version
+                server_version = client_version
             # --platform support was introduced in v3
-            version_supported = min(client_api_version, engine_api_version) >= Version("3")
+            version = min(client_version, server_version)
+            minimum_version = FlexibleVersion("3")
+            error_msg = textwrap.dedent(
+                f"""
+                Build failed because {engine.name} is too old.
+
+                cibuildwheel requires {engine.name}>={minimum_version}.
+                The version found by cibuildwheel is {version}.
+                """
+            )
         else:
             assert_never(engine.name)
-        if not version_supported:
+        if version < minimum_version:
-            raise OCIEngineTooOldError() from None
+            raise OCIEngineTooOldError(error_msg) from None
-    except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, KeyError, InvalidVersion) as e:
+    except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, KeyError, ValueError) as e:
-        raise OCIEngineTooOldError() from e
+        msg = f"Build failed because {engine.name} is too old or is not working properly."
+        raise OCIEngineTooOldError(msg) from e
 
 
 class OCIContainer:

cibuildwheel/util.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
-from functools import lru_cache
+from functools import lru_cache, total_ordering
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 from time import sleep
@@ -899,3 +899,51 @@ def combine_constraints(
     env["UV_CONSTRAINT"] = env["PIP_CONSTRAINT"] = " ".join(
         c for c in [our_constraints, user_constraints] if c
     )
+
+
+@total_ordering
+class FlexibleVersion:
+    version_str: str
+    version_parts: tuple[int, ...]
+    suffix: str
+
+    def __init__(self, version_str: str) -> None:
+        self.version_str = version_str
+
+        # Split into numeric parts and the optional suffix
+        match = re.match(r"^[v]?(\d+(\.\d+)*)(.*)$", version_str)
+        if not match:
+            msg = f"Invalid version string: {version_str}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        version_part, _, suffix = match.groups()
+
+        # Convert numeric version part into a tuple of integers
+        self.version_parts = tuple(map(int, version_part.split(".")))
+        self.suffix = suffix.strip() if suffix else ""
+
+        # Normalize by removing trailing zeros
+        self.version_parts = self._remove_trailing_zeros(self.version_parts)
+
+    def _remove_trailing_zeros(self, parts: tuple[int, ...]) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+        # Remove trailing zeros for accurate comparisons
+        # without this, "3.0" would be considered greater than "3"
+        while parts and parts[-1] == 0:
+            parts = parts[:-1]
+        return parts
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, FlexibleVersion):
+            raise NotImplementedError()
+        return (self.version_parts, self.suffix) == (other.version_parts, other.suffix)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, FlexibleVersion):
+            raise NotImplementedError()
+        return (self.version_parts, self.suffix) < (other.version_parts, other.suffix)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"FlexibleVersion('{self.version_str}')"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.version_str

unit_test/oci_container_test.py

@@ -8,13 +8,21 @@ import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
+from contextlib import nullcontext
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 
 import pytest
 import tomli_w
 
+import cibuildwheel.oci_container
 from cibuildwheel.environment import EnvironmentAssignmentBash
-from cibuildwheel.oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
+from cibuildwheel.errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
+from cibuildwheel.oci_container import (
+    OCIContainer,
+    OCIContainerEngineConfig,
+    OCIPlatform,
+    _check_engine_version,
+)
 from cibuildwheel.util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
 
 # Test utilities
@@ -569,3 +577,64 @@ def test_multiarch_image(container_engine, platform):
             OCIPlatform.S390X: "s390x",
         }
         assert output_map[platform] == output.strip()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("engine_name", "version", "context"),
+    [
+        (
+            "docker",
+            None,  # 17.12.1-ce does supports "docker version --format '{{json . }}'" so a version before that
+            pytest.raises(OCIEngineTooOldError),
+        ),
+        (
+            "docker",
+            '{"Client":{"Version":"19.03.15","ApiVersion": "1.40"},"Server":{"ApiVersion": "1.40"}}',
+            pytest.raises(OCIEngineTooOldError),
+        ),
+        (
+            "docker",
+            '{"Client":{"Version":"20.10.0","ApiVersion":"1.41"},"Server":{"ApiVersion":"1.41"}}',
+            nullcontext(),
+        ),
+        (
+            "docker",
+            '{"Client":{"Version":"24.0.0","ApiVersion":"1.43"},"Server":{"ApiVersion":"1.43"}}',
+            nullcontext(),
+        ),
+        (
+            "docker",
+            '{"Client":{"ApiVersion":"1.43"},"Server":{"ApiVersion":"1.30"}}',
+            pytest.raises(OCIEngineTooOldError),
+        ),
+        (
+            "docker",
+            '{"Client":{"ApiVersion":"1.30"},"Server":{"ApiVersion":"1.43"}}',
+            pytest.raises(OCIEngineTooOldError),
+        ),
+        ("podman", '{"Client":{"Version":"5.2.0"},"Server":{"Version":"5.1.2"}}', nullcontext()),
+        ("podman", '{"Client":{"Version":"4.9.4-rhel"}}', nullcontext()),
+        (
+            "podman",
+            '{"Client":{"Version":"5.2.0"},"Server":{"Version":"2.1.2"}}',
+            pytest.raises(OCIEngineTooOldError),
+        ),
+        (
+            "podman",
+            '{"Client":{"Version":"2.2.0"},"Server":{"Version":"5.1.2"}}',
+            pytest.raises(OCIEngineTooOldError),
+        ),
+        ("podman", '{"Client":{"Version":"3.0~rc1-rhel"}}', nullcontext()),
+        ("podman", '{"Client":{"Version":"2.1.0~rc1"}}', pytest.raises(OCIEngineTooOldError)),
+    ],
+)
+def test_engine_version(engine_name, version, context, monkeypatch):
+    def mockcall(*args, **kwargs):
+        if version is None:
+            raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(1, " ".join(str(arg) for arg in args))
+        return version
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cibuildwheel.oci_container, "call", mockcall)
+    engine = OCIContainerEngineConfig.from_config_string(engine_name)
+    with context:
+        _check_engine_version(engine)

unit_test/utils_test.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from pathlib import PurePath
 import pytest
 
 from cibuildwheel.util import (
+    FlexibleVersion,
     find_compatible_wheel,
     fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions,
     format_safe,
@@ -206,3 +207,17 @@ def test_parse_key_value_string():
         "name": ["docker"],
         "create_args": [],
     }
+
+
+def test_flexible_version_comparisons():
+    assert FlexibleVersion("2.0") == FlexibleVersion("2")
+    assert FlexibleVersion("2.0") < FlexibleVersion("2.1")
+    assert FlexibleVersion("2.1") > FlexibleVersion("2")
+    assert FlexibleVersion("1.9.9") < FlexibleVersion("2.0")
+    assert FlexibleVersion("1.10") > FlexibleVersion("1.9.9")
+    assert FlexibleVersion("3.0.1") > FlexibleVersion("3.0")
+    assert FlexibleVersion("3.0") < FlexibleVersion("3.0.1")
+    # Suffix should not affect comparisons
+    assert FlexibleVersion("1.0.1-rhel") > FlexibleVersion("1.0")
+    assert FlexibleVersion("1.0.1-rhel") < FlexibleVersion("1.1")
+    assert FlexibleVersion("1.0.1") == FlexibleVersion("v1.0.1")