feat: add armv7l in auto_archs when running on aarch64 (#2259)

* feat: add armv7l in auto_archs when running on aarch64

This depends on aarch32 EL0 support and thus is done conditionally.

* ci(travis): move to Ubuntu 22.04 / cp312

.travis.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 os: linux
-dist: focal
+dist: jammy
 language: python
 
 branches:
@@ -8,29 +8,19 @@ branches:
 
 jobs:
   include:
-    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.11
+    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.11
+      python: 3.12
       services: docker
       env: PYTHON=python
 
-    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.11
+    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.11
+      python: 3.12
       services: docker
-      arch: arm64-graviton2
+      arch: arm64
-      group: edge
-      virt: vm
       env: PYTHON=python
-      # docker is outdated in the arm64-graviton2 vm focal image (19.x)
-      # we need to upgrade to get >= 24.0
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - sourceline: 'deb https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable'
-          packages:
-            - docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
 
-    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.11
+    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.11
+      python: 3.12
       services: docker
       arch: ppc64le
       allow_failure: True
@@ -40,16 +30,16 @@ jobs:
         # c.f. https://travis-ci.community/t/running-out-of-disk-space-quota-when-using-docker-on-ppc64le/11634
         - PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "not test_manylinuxXXXX_only"'
 
-    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.11
+    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.12
       os: windows
       language: shell
       before_install:
-        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.11.9 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python311"
+        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.12.8 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python312"
       env:
-        - PYTHON=C:\\Python311\\python
+        - PYTHON=C:\\Python312\\python
 
-    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.11
+    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.12
-      python: 3.11
+      python: 3.12
       services: docker
       arch: s390x
       allow_failure: True

CI.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 This is a summary of the host Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
 
-|         | 3.11                                         | 3.12                                        | 3.13           |
+|         | 3.11                             | 3.12                                                    | 3.13           |
-|---------|----------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|----------------|
+|---------|----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|----------------|
-| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions / Travis CI | AppVeyor¹ / CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ | GitHub Actions |
+| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | AppVeyor¹ / CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ / Travis CI | GitHub Actions |
-| macOS   | Azure Pipelines / GitLab¹                    | AppVeyor¹ / CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ | GitHub Actions |
+| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  | AppVeyor¹ / CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹             | GitHub Actions |
-| Windows | Azure Pipelines / Travis CI                  | AppVeyor¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹             | GitHub Actions |
+| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | AppVeyor¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ / Travis CI             | GitHub Actions |
 
 > ¹ Runs a reduced set of tests to reduce CI load
 
-Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.11.
+Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.12.

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import functools
 import platform as platform_module
 import re
+import shutil
+import subprocess
 import sys
 from collections.abc import Set
 from enum import Enum
@@ -24,6 +26,19 @@ ARCH_SYNONYMS: Final[list[dict[PlatformName, str | None]]] = [
 ]
 
 
+def _check_aarch32_el0() -> bool:
+    """Check if running armv7l natively on aarch64 is supported"""
+    if not sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+        return False
+    if platform_module.machine() != "aarch64":
+        return False
+    executable = shutil.which("linux32")
+    if executable is None:
+        return False
+    check = subprocess.run([executable, "uname", "-m"], check=False, capture_output=True, text=True)
+    return check.returncode == 0 and check.stdout.startswith("armv")
+
+
 @functools.total_ordering
 class Architecture(Enum):
     value: str
@@ -114,9 +129,12 @@ class Architecture(Enum):
             return set()  # can't build anything on this platform
         result = {native_arch}
 
-        if platform == "linux" and Architecture.x86_64 in result:
+        if platform == "linux":
-            # x86_64 machines can run i686 containers
+            if Architecture.x86_64 in result:
-            result.add(Architecture.i686)
+                # x86_64 machines can run i686 containers
+                result.add(Architecture.i686)
+            elif Architecture.aarch64 in result and _check_aarch32_el0():
+                result.add(Architecture.armv7l)
 
         if platform == "windows" and Architecture.AMD64 in result:
             result.add(Architecture.x86)

examples/github-with-qemu.yml

@@ -26,10 +26,7 @@ jobs:
           # configure cibuildwheel on Linux to build native archs ('auto'),
           # and to split the remaining architectures between the x86_64 and
           # ARM runners
-          # armv7l can be built without QEMU on GitHub Actions ARM runners but that's
+          CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: ${{ runner.arch == 'X64' && 'auto ppc64le s390x' || 'auto' }}
-          # not the case on all ARM64 hardware hence 'auto armv7l' for native archs
-          # on the GHA ARM64 runner
-          CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: ${{ runner.arch == 'X64' && 'auto ppc64le s390x' || 'auto armv7l' }}
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:

examples/travis-ci-deploy.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # commit, but will only push to PyPI on tagged commits.
 
 os: linux
-dist: focal
+dist: jammy
 language: python
 python: "3.12"
 

examples/travis-ci-minimal.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 os: linux
-dist: focal
+dist: jammy
 language: python
 python: "3.12"
 

examples/travis-ci-test-and-deploy.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # distribution is also created.
 
 os: linux
-dist: focal
+dist: jammy
 language: python
 python: "3.12"
 

test/test_manylinuxXXXX_only.py

@@ -108,6 +108,9 @@ def test(manylinux_image, tmp_path):
     if manylinux_image in {"manylinux_2_28", "manylinux_2_34"} and platform.machine() == "x86_64":
         # We don't have a manylinux_2_28+ image for i686
         add_env["CIBW_ARCHS"] = "x86_64"
+    if platform.machine() == "aarch64":
+        # We just have a manylinux_2_31 image for armv7l
+        add_env["CIBW_ARCHS"] = "aarch64"
 
     actual_wheels = utils.cibuildwheel_run(project_dir, add_env=add_env)
 
@@ -150,4 +153,8 @@ def test(manylinux_image, tmp_path):
         # We don't have a manylinux_2_28+ image for i686
         expected_wheels = [w for w in expected_wheels if "i686" not in w]
 
+    if platform.machine() == "aarch64":
+        # We just have a manylinux_2_31 image for armv7l
+        expected_wheels = [w for w in expected_wheels if "armv7l" not in w]
+
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)

test/test_musllinux_X_Y_only.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def test(musllinux_image, tmp_path):
 
     # build the wheels
     add_env = {
-        "CIBW_SKIP": "*-manylinux*",
+        "CIBW_SKIP": "*-manylinux* *_armv7l",
         "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE": musllinux_image,
         "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_I686_IMAGE": musllinux_image,
         "CIBW_MUSLLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE": musllinux_image,
@@ -54,4 +54,5 @@ def test(musllinux_image, tmp_path):
         musllinux_versions=[musllinux_image],
         single_python=True,
     )
+    expected_wheels = [w for w in expected_wheels if "armv7l" not in w]
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)

test/test_testing.py

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class TestSpam(TestCase):
         # See #336 for more info.
         bits = struct.calcsize("P") * 8
         if bits == 32:
-            self.assertIn(platform.machine(), ["i686", "wasm32"])
+            self.assertIn(platform.machine(), ["i686", "armv7l","armv8l", "wasm32"])
 '''
 
 

test/utils.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from typing import Any, Final
 import pytest
 
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
+from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
 from cibuildwheel.util.file import CIBW_CACHE_PATH
 
 EMULATED_ARCHS: Final[list[str]] = sorted(
@@ -25,6 +26,11 @@ EMULATED_ARCHS: Final[list[str]] = sorted(
 )
 SINGLE_PYTHON_VERSION: Final[tuple[int, int]] = (3, 12)
 
+_AARCH64_CAN_RUN_ARMV7: Final[bool] = Architecture.aarch64.value not in EMULATED_ARCHS and {
+    None: Architecture.armv7l.value not in EMULATED_ARCHS,
+    CIProvider.travis_ci: False,
+}.get(detect_ci_provider(), True)
+
 platform = os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "")
 if platform:
     pass
@@ -173,7 +179,7 @@ def expected_wheels(
             machine_arch = "aarch64"
 
     if manylinux_versions is None:
-        if machine_arch == "armv7l":
+        if machine_arch in ("armv7l", "aarch64"):
             manylinux_versions = ["manylinux_2_17", "manylinux2014", "manylinux_2_31"]
         elif machine_arch == "x86_64":
             manylinux_versions = [
@@ -252,14 +258,23 @@ def expected_wheels(
         if platform == "linux":
             architectures = [arch_name_for_linux(machine_arch)]
 
-            if machine_arch == "x86_64" and not single_arch:
+            if not single_arch:
-                architectures.append("i686")
+                if machine_arch == "x86_64":
+                    architectures.append("i686")
+                elif (
+                    machine_arch == "aarch64"
+                    and sys.platform.startswith("linux")
+                    and not python_abi_tag.startswith("pp")
+                    and _AARCH64_CAN_RUN_ARMV7
+                ):
+                    architectures.append("armv7l")
 
             if len(manylinux_versions) > 0:
                 platform_tags = [
                     ".".join(
                         f"{manylinux_version}_{architecture}"
                         for manylinux_version in manylinux_versions
+                        if (manylinux_version, architecture) != ("manylinux_2_31", "aarch64")
                     )
                     for architecture in architectures
                 ]

unit_test/architecture_test.py

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import platform as platform_module
+import shutil
 import sys
 
 import pytest
 
+import cibuildwheel.architecture
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture
 
 
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ def platform_machine(request, monkeypatch):
     platform_name, platform_value, machine_value, machine_name = request.param
     monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "platform", platform_value)
     monkeypatch.setattr(platform_module, "machine", lambda: machine_value)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cibuildwheel.architecture, "_check_aarch32_el0", lambda: True)
     return platform_name, machine_name
 
 
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ def test_arch_auto(platform_machine):
     expected = {
         "32": {Architecture.i686},
         "64": {Architecture.x86_64, Architecture.i686},
-        "arm": {Architecture.aarch64},
+        "arm": {Architecture.aarch64, Architecture.armv7l},
     }
     assert arch_set == expected[machine_name]
 
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ def test_arch_auto32(platform_machine):
     platform_name, machine_name = platform_machine
 
     arch_set = Architecture.parse_config("auto32", "linux")
-    expected = {"32": {Architecture.i686}, "64": {Architecture.i686}, "arm": set()}
+    expected = {"32": {Architecture.i686}, "64": {Architecture.i686}, "arm": {Architecture.armv7l}}
     assert arch_set == expected[machine_name]
 
     arch_set = Architecture.parse_config("auto32", "macos")
@@ -80,3 +83,18 @@ def test_arch_auto32(platform_machine):
     arch_set = Architecture.parse_config("auto32", "windows")
     expected = {"32": {Architecture.x86}, "64": {Architecture.x86}, "arm": set()}
     assert arch_set == expected[machine_name]
+
+
+def test_arch_auto_no_aarch32(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "platform", "linux")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(platform_module, "machine", lambda: "aarch64")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(shutil, "which", lambda *args, **kwargs: None)
+
+    arch_set = Architecture.parse_config("auto", "linux")
+    assert arch_set == {Architecture.aarch64}
+
+    arch_set = Architecture.parse_config("auto64", "linux")
+    assert arch_set == {Architecture.aarch64}
+
+    arch_set = Architecture.parse_config("auto32", "linux")
+    assert len(arch_set) == 0

unit_test/main_tests/conftest.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from cibuildwheel import __main__, linux, macos, pyodide, windows
+from cibuildwheel import __main__, architecture, linux, macos, pyodide, windows
 from cibuildwheel.util import file
 
 
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ def mock_protection(monkeypatch):
     monkeypatch.setattr(linux, "build", fail_on_call)
     monkeypatch.setattr(macos, "build", fail_on_call)
     monkeypatch.setattr(pyodide, "build", fail_on_call)
-
     monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "mkdir", ignore_call)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(architecture, "_check_aarch32_el0", lambda: True)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)

unit_test/oci_container_test.py

@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ def test_local_image(
 ) -> None:
     if (
         detect_ci_provider() in {CIProvider.travis_ci}
-        and pm in {"s390x", "ppc64le"}
+        and pm != "x86_64"
         and platform != DEFAULT_OCI_PLATFORM
     ):
         pytest.skip("Skipping test because docker on this platform does not support QEMU")
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ def test_local_image(
 def test_multiarch_image(container_engine, platform):
     if (
         detect_ci_provider() in {CIProvider.travis_ci}
-        and pm in {"s390x", "ppc64le"}
+        and pm != "x86_64"
         and platform != DEFAULT_OCI_PLATFORM
     ):
         pytest.skip("Skipping test because docker on this platform does not support QEMU")