feat: use python3.11+ for cibuildwheel driver (#1912)

* chore: use SPEC 0 schedule for cibuildwheel

* remove support for {python} and {pip} in commands

* Remove specific Python versions from the update-dependencies job

The requirements pinning is done by uv now, so we don't need to
run the versions of Python to do the pinning anymore.

---------

Co-authored-by: Joe Rickerby <joerick@mac.com>

.cirrus.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ run_tests: &RUN_TESTS
   run_cibuildwheel_tests_script:
     - python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
-
 linux_x86_task:
   timeout_in: 120m
   compute_engine_instance:
@@ -16,10 +15,15 @@ linux_x86_task:
     platform: linux
     cpu: 8
     memory: 8G
-
+  env:
+    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
+    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
   install_pre_requirements_script:
     - docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
+    - add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
+    - apt-get update
+    - apt-get install -y python3.12-venv
+    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
   <<: *RUN_TESTS
 
 linux_aarch64_task:
@@ -30,10 +34,15 @@ linux_aarch64_task:
     platform: linux
     cpu: 4
     memory: 4G
-
+  env:
+    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
+    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
   install_pre_requirements_script:
     - docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
-    - apt install -y python3-venv python-is-python3
+    - add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
+    - apt-get update
+    - apt-get install -y python3.12-venv
+    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
   <<: *RUN_TESTS
 
 windows_x86_task:
@@ -46,7 +55,7 @@ windows_x86_task:
     memory: 8G
 
   install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.10.6
+    - choco install -y --no-progress python3 --version 3.12.4
     - refreshenv
     - echo PATH=%PATH% >> "%CIRRUS_ENV%"
   <<: *RUN_TESTS
@@ -54,22 +63,24 @@ windows_x86_task:
 macos_arm64_task:
   macos_instance:
     image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma
-
   env:
-    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/libexec/bin:$PATH
+    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
+    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
   install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - brew install python@3.10
+    - brew install python@3.12
+    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
   <<: *RUN_TESTS
 
 macos_arm64_cp38_task:
   macos_instance:
     image: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma
-
   env:
-    PATH: /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.10/libexec/bin:$PATH
+    VENV_ROOT: ${HOME}/venv-cibuildwheel
+    PATH: ${VENV_ROOT}/bin:${PATH}
     PYTEST_ADDOPTS: --run-cp38-universal2 -k 'test_cp38_arm64_testing_universal2_installer or test_arch_auto'
   install_pre_requirements_script:
-    - brew install python@3.10
+    - brew install python@3.12
+    - python3.12 -m venv ${VENV_ROOT}
     - curl -fsSLO https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.10/python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg
     - sudo installer -pkg python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg -target /
     - rm python-3.8.10-macos11.pkg

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
         python_version: ['3.13']
         include:
         - os: ubuntu-latest
-          python_version: '3.8'
+          python_version: '3.11'
     timeout-minutes: 180
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4

.github/workflows/update-dependencies.yml

@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - uses: wntrblm/nox@2024.10.09
-      with:
-        python-versions: "3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13"
 
     - name: "Run update: dependencies"
       run: nox --force-color -s update_constraints

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ repos:
   rev: v1.14.1
   hooks:
   - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.8 on cibuildwheel/
+    name: mypy 3.11 on cibuildwheel/
     exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py|bin/generate_schema.py$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.8"]
+    args: ["--python-version=3.11"]
     additional_dependencies: &mypy-dependencies
       - bracex
       - dependency-groups>=1.2
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ repos:
       - uv
       - validate-pyproject
   - id: mypy
-    name: mypy 3.12
+    name: mypy 3.13
     exclude: ^cibuildwheel/resources/.*py$
-    args: ["--python-version=3.12"]
+    args: ["--python-version=3.13"]
     additional_dependencies: *mypy-dependencies
 
 - repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py

.travis.yml

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ branches:
 
 jobs:
   include:
-    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.9
+    - name: Linux | x86_64 + i686 | Python 3.11
-      python: 3.9
+      python: 3.11
       services: docker
       env: PYTHON=python
 
-    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.9
+    - name: Linux | arm64 | Python 3.11
-      python: 3.9
+      python: 3.11
       services: docker
       arch: arm64-graviton2
       group: edge
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ jobs:
           packages:
             - docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
 
-    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.9
+    - name: Linux | ppc64le | Python 3.11
-      python: 3.9
+      python: 3.11
       services: docker
       arch: ppc64le
       allow_failure: True
@@ -40,16 +40,16 @@ jobs:
         # c.f. https://travis-ci.community/t/running-out-of-disk-space-quota-when-using-docker-on-ppc64le/11634
         - PYTEST_ADDOPTS='-k "not test_manylinuxXXXX_only"'
 
-    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.9
+    - name: Windows | x86_64 | Python 3.11
       os: windows
       language: shell
       before_install:
-        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.9.13 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python39"
+        - choco upgrade python3 -y --version 3.11.9 --limit-output --params "/InstallDir:C:\\Python311"
       env:
-        - PYTHON=C:\\Python39\\python
+        - PYTHON=C:\\Python311\\python
 
-    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.9
+    - name: Linux | s390x | Python 3.11
-      python: 3.9
+      python: 3.11
       services: docker
       arch: s390x
       allow_failure: True

CI.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 This is a summary of the host Python versions and platforms covered by the different CI platforms:
 
-|         | 3.8                              | 3.9       | 3.10      | 3.11    | 3.12                                             |
+|         | 3.11                                         | 3.12                                        | 3.13           |
-|---------|----------------------------------|-----------|-----------|---------|--------------------------------------------------|
+|---------|----------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|----------------|
-| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions | Travis CI | Cirrus CI |         | AppVeyor¹ / CircleCI¹ / GitHub Actions / GitLab¹ |
+| Linux   | Azure Pipelines / GitHub Actions / Travis CI | AppVeyor¹ / CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ | GitHub Actions |
-| macOS   | Azure Pipelines                  |           | Cirrus CI | GitLab¹ | AppVeyor¹ /CircleCI¹ / GitHub Actions            |
+| macOS   | Azure Pipelines / GitLab¹                    | AppVeyor¹ / CircleCI¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹ | GitHub Actions |
-| Windows | Azure Pipelines                  | Travis CI | Cirrus CI |         | AppVeyor¹ / GitHub Actions / GitLab¹             |
+| Windows | Azure Pipelines / Travis CI                  | AppVeyor¹ / Cirrus CI / GitLab¹             | GitHub Actions |
 
 > ¹ Runs a reduced set of tests to reduce CI load
 
-Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.9.
+Non-x86 architectures are covered on Travis CI using Python 3.11.

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -5,37 +5,37 @@ pr:
       - .pre-commit-config.yaml
 
 jobs:
-- job: linux_38
+- job: linux_311
   timeoutInMinutes: 120
   pool: {vmImage: 'Ubuntu-20.04'}
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.8'
+        versionSpec: '3.11'
     - bash: |
         docker run --rm --privileged docker.io/tonistiigi/binfmt:latest --install all
         python -m pip install dependency-groups
         python -m dependency_groups test | xargs python -m pip install -e.
         python ./bin/run_tests.py
 
-- job: macos_38
+- job: macos_311
   pool: {vmImage: 'macOS-13'}
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.8'
+        versionSpec: '3.11'
     - bash: |
         python -m pip install dependency-groups
         python -m dependency_groups test | xargs python -m pip install -e.
         python ./bin/run_tests.py --num-processes 2
 
-- job: windows_38
+- job: windows_311
   pool: {vmImage: 'windows-2019'}
   timeoutInMinutes: 180
   steps:
     - task: UsePythonVersion@0
       inputs:
-        versionSpec: '3.8'
+        versionSpec: '3.11'
     - bash: |
         python -m pip install dependency-groups
         python -m dependency_groups test | xargs python -m pip install -e.

bin/bump_version.py

@@ -11,17 +11,13 @@ import glob
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import tomllib
 import urllib.parse
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import click
 from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
-    import tomli as tomllib
-else:
-    import tomllib
-
 config = [
     # file path, version find/replace format
     ("pyproject.toml", 'version = "{}"'),

bin/update_nodejs.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import difflib
 import logging
+import tomllib
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final
@@ -16,8 +17,6 @@ from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
-from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
-
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
 
 # Looking up the dir instead of using utils.resources_dir

bin/update_pythons.py

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import copy
 import difflib
 import logging
+import tomllib
 from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Final, Literal, TypedDict, Union
+from typing import Any, Final, Literal, TypedDict
 
 import click
 import requests
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ from packaging.version import Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
-from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
 from cibuildwheel.extra import dump_python_configurations
 
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class ConfigMacOS(TypedDict):
     url: str
 
 
-AnyConfig = Union[ConfigWinCP, ConfigWinPP, ConfigMacOS]
+AnyConfig = ConfigWinCP | ConfigWinPP | ConfigMacOS
 
 
 # The following set of "Versions" classes allow the initial call to the APIs to

bin/update_virtualenv.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import difflib
 import logging
 import subprocess
+import tomllib
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Final
@@ -15,8 +16,6 @@ from packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
 from rich.logging import RichHandler
 from rich.syntax import Syntax
 
-from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
-
 log = logging.getLogger("cibw")
 
 # Looking up the dir instead of using utils.resources_dir

cibuildwheel/__main__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
+import contextlib
 import dataclasses
 import os
 import shutil
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ import typing
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path
 from tempfile import mkdtemp
-from typing import Protocol
+from typing import Protocol, assert_never
 
 import cibuildwheel
 import cibuildwheel.linux
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ import cibuildwheel.pyodide
 import cibuildwheel.util
 import cibuildwheel.windows
 from cibuildwheel import errors
-from cibuildwheel._compat.typing import assert_never
 from cibuildwheel.architecture import Architecture, allowed_architectures_check
 from cibuildwheel.logger import log
 from cibuildwheel.options import CommandLineArguments, Options, compute_options
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ from cibuildwheel.util import (
     BuildSelector,
     CIProvider,
     Unbuffered,
-    chdir,
     detect_ci_provider,
     fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions,
     strtobool,
@@ -200,7 +199,7 @@ def main_inner(global_options: GlobalOptions) -> None:
         # This is now the new package dir
         args.package_dir = project_dir.resolve()
 
-        with chdir(project_dir):
+        with contextlib.chdir(project_dir):
             build_in_directory(args)
     finally:
         # avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86962 by performing
@@ -418,10 +417,10 @@ def detect_warnings(*, options: Options, identifiers: Iterable[str]) -> list[str
         if any(o and ("{python}" in o or "{pip}" in o) for o in option_values):
             # Reminder: in an f-string, double braces means literal single brace
             msg = (
-                f"{option_name}: '{{python}}' and '{{pip}}' are no longer needed, "
+                f"{option_name}: '{{python}}' and '{{pip}}' are no longer supported "
-                "and will be removed in cibuildwheel 3. Simply use 'python' or 'pip' instead."
+                "and have been removed in cibuildwheel 3. Simply use 'python' or 'pip' instead."
             )
-            warnings.append(msg)
+            raise errors.ConfigurationError(msg)
 
     return warnings
 

cibuildwheel/_compat/__init__.py

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations

cibuildwheel/_compat/tomllib.py

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import sys
-
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
-    from tomllib import load, loads
-else:
-    from tomli import load, loads
-
-__all__ = ["load", "loads"]

cibuildwheel/_compat/typing.py

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import sys
-
-if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
-    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, Self, assert_never
-else:
-    from typing import NotRequired, Self, assert_never
-
-__all__ = (
-    "NotRequired",
-    "Self",
-    "assert_never",
-)

cibuildwheel/architecture.py

@@ -6,9 +6,8 @@ import re
 import sys
 from collections.abc import Set
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Final, Literal
+from typing import Final, Literal, assert_never
 
-from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .typing import PlatformName
 
 PRETTY_NAMES: Final[dict[PlatformName, str]] = {

cibuildwheel/bashlex_eval.py

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import subprocess
-from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import (
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    Mapping,
+    Sequence,
+)
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Callable, Dict, List  # noqa: TID251
 
 import bashlex
 
 # a function that takes a command and the environment, and returns the result
-EnvironmentExecutor = Callable[[List[str], Dict[str, str]], str]
+EnvironmentExecutor = Callable[[list[str], dict[str, str]], str]
 
 
 def local_environment_executor(command: Sequence[str], env: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:

cibuildwheel/linux.py

@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ import contextlib
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
+from collections import OrderedDict
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, Set
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
-from typing import OrderedDict, Tuple
+from typing import assert_never
 
 from packaging.version import Version
 
 from . import errors
-from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .logger import log
 from .oci_container import OCIContainer, OCIContainerEngineConfig, OCIPlatform
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def get_build_steps(
     Groups PythonConfigurations into BuildSteps. Each BuildStep represents a
     separate container instance.
     """
-    steps = OrderedDict[Tuple[str, str, str, OCIContainerEngineConfig], BuildStep]()
+    steps = OrderedDict[tuple[str, str, str, OCIContainerEngineConfig], BuildStep]()
 
     for config in python_configurations:
         _, platform_tag = config.identifier.split("-", 1)

cibuildwheel/logger.py

@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ import os
 import re
 import sys
 import time
-from typing import IO, AnyStr, Final, Tuple
+from typing import IO, AnyStr, Final
 
 from .util import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
 
-FoldPattern = Tuple[str, str]
+FoldPattern = tuple[str, str]
 DEFAULT_FOLD_PATTERN: Final[FoldPattern] = ("{name}", "")
 FOLD_PATTERNS: Final[dict[str, FoldPattern]] = {
     "azure": ("##[group]{name}", "##[endgroup]"),

cibuildwheel/macos.py

@@ -12,13 +12,12 @@ import typing
 from collections.abc import Sequence, Set
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Literal, Tuple
+from typing import Literal, assert_never
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.version import Version
 
 from . import errors
-from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
 from .logger import log
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ from .util import (
 )
 
 
-@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+@functools.cache
 def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
     """
     Returns the macOS major/minor version, as a tuple, e.g. (10, 15) or (11, 0)
@@ -74,10 +73,10 @@ def get_macos_version() -> tuple[int, int]:
             capture_stdout=True,
         )
         version = tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2]))
-    return typing.cast(Tuple[int, int], version)
+    return typing.cast(tuple[int, int], version)
 
 
-@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+@functools.cache
 def get_test_macosx_deployment_target() -> str:
     version = get_macos_version()
     if version >= (11, 0):

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from enum import Enum
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath, PurePosixPath
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import IO, Dict, Literal
+from typing import IO, Literal, Self, assert_never
 
-from ._compat.typing import Self, assert_never
 from .errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
 from .logger import log
 from .typing import PathOrStr, PopenBytes
@@ -489,7 +488,7 @@ class OCIContainer:
                 capture_output=True,
             )
         )
-        return typing.cast(Dict[str, str], env)
+        return typing.cast(dict[str, str], env)
 
     def environment_executor(self, command: Sequence[str], environment: dict[str, str]) -> str:
         # used as an EnvironmentExecutor to evaluate commands and capture output

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -9,15 +9,14 @@ import enum
 import functools
 import shlex
 import textwrap
-from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Set
+import tomllib
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence, Set
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Literal, Mapping, Sequence, Union  # noqa: TID251
+from typing import Any, Literal, assert_never
 
 from packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
 
 from . import errors
-from ._compat import tomllib
-from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import EnvironmentParseError, ParsedEnvironment, parse_environment
 from .logger import log
@@ -122,10 +121,10 @@ class BuildOptions:
         return self.globals.architectures
 
 
-SettingLeaf = Union[str, int, bool]
+SettingLeaf = str | int | bool
 SettingList = Sequence[SettingLeaf]
-SettingTable = Mapping[str, Union[SettingLeaf, SettingList]]
+SettingTable = Mapping[str, SettingLeaf | SettingList]
-SettingValue = Union[SettingTable, SettingList, SettingLeaf]
+SettingValue = SettingTable | SettingList | SettingLeaf
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -361,7 +360,7 @@ def _stringify_setting(
             msg = f"Error converting {setting!r} to a string: this setting doesn't accept a list"
             raise OptionsReaderError(msg) from None
 
-    if isinstance(setting, (bool, int)):
+    if isinstance(setting, bool | int):
         return str(setting)
 
     return setting
@@ -984,7 +983,7 @@ def compute_options(
     return options
 
 
-@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+@functools.cache
 def _get_pinned_container_images() -> Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]:
     """
     This looks like a dict of dicts, e.g.

cibuildwheel/typing.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ __all__ = (
 
 if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
     PopenBytes = subprocess.Popen[bytes]
-    PathOrStr = Union[str, os.PathLike[str]]
+    PathOrStr = str | os.PathLike[str]
 else:
     PopenBytes = subprocess.Popen
     PathOrStr = Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]

cibuildwheel/util.py

@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@ import sys
 import tarfile
 import textwrap
 import time
+import tomllib
 import typing
 import urllib.request
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
-from functools import lru_cache, total_ordering
+from functools import cache, total_ordering
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 from time import sleep
@@ -37,7 +38,6 @@ from packaging.version import Version
 from platformdirs import user_cache_path
 
 from . import errors
-from ._compat import tomllib
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .errors import FatalError
 from .typing import PathOrStr, PlatformName
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ __all__ = [
     "MANYLINUX_ARCHS",
     "EnableGroups",
     "call",
-    "chdir",
     "combine_constraints",
     "find_compatible_wheel",
     "find_uv",
@@ -219,12 +218,12 @@ def format_safe(template: str, **kwargs: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
 
 def prepare_command(command: str, **kwargs: PathOrStr) -> str:
     """
-    Preprocesses a command by expanding variables like {python}.
+    Preprocesses a command by expanding variables like {project}.
 
     For example, used in the test_command option to specify the path to the
     project's root. Unmatched syntax will mostly be allowed through.
     """
-    return format_safe(command, python="python", pip="pip", **kwargs)
+    return format_safe(command, **kwargs)
 
 
 def get_build_verbosity_extra_flags(level: int) -> list[str]:
@@ -631,7 +630,7 @@ def get_pip_version(env: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
     return pip_version
 
 
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+@cache
 def ensure_node(major_version: str) -> Path:
     input_file = resources_dir / "nodejs.toml"
     with input_file.open("rb") as f:
@@ -663,7 +662,7 @@ def ensure_node(major_version: str) -> Path:
     return path
 
 
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+@cache
 def _ensure_virtualenv(version: str) -> Path:
     version_parts = version.split(".")
     key = f"py{version_parts[0]}{version_parts[1]}"
@@ -839,19 +838,6 @@ def find_compatible_wheel(wheels: Sequence[T], identifier: str) -> T | None:
     return None
 
 
-# Can be replaced by contextlib.chdir in Python 3.11
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def chdir(new_path: Path | str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
-    """Non thread-safe context manager to change the current working directory."""
-
-    cwd = os.getcwd()
-    try:
-        os.chdir(new_path)
-        yield
-    finally:
-        os.chdir(cwd)
-
-
 def fix_ansi_codes_for_github_actions(text: str) -> str:
     """
     Github Actions forgets the current ANSI style on every new line. This

cibuildwheel/windows.py

@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ import subprocess
 import textwrap
 from collections.abc import MutableMapping, Sequence, Set
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from functools import lru_cache
+from functools import cache
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import assert_never
 
 from filelock import FileLock
 from packaging.version import Version
 
 from . import errors
-from ._compat.typing import assert_never
 from .architecture import Architecture
 from .environment import ParsedEnvironment
 from .logger import log
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     return python_configurations
 
 
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+@cache
 def _ensure_nuget() -> Path:
     nuget = CIBW_CACHE_PATH / "nuget.exe"
     with FileLock(str(nuget) + ".lock"):

pyproject.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ version = "2.22.0"
 description = "Build Python wheels on CI with minimal configuration."
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "BSD-2-Clause"
-requires-python = ">=3.8"
+requires-python = ">=3.11"
 authors = [
     { name = "Joe Rickerby", email = "joerick@mac.com" },
 ]
@@ -30,9 +30,6 @@ classifiers = [
     "Natural Language :: English",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
@@ -46,9 +43,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "dependency-groups>=1.2",
     "filelock",
     "packaging>=20.9",
-    "platformdirs",
+    "platformdirs"
-    "tomli;python_version < '3.11'",
-    "typing-extensions>=4.1.0;python_version < '3.11'",
 ]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
@@ -110,7 +105,7 @@ log_cli_level = "info"
 
 
 [tool.mypy]
-python_version = "3.8"
+python_version = "3.11"
 files = [
     "cibuildwheel/*.py",
     "test/**/*.py",
@@ -142,7 +137,7 @@ ignore_missing_imports = true
 
 
 [tool.pylint]
-py-version = "3.8"
+py-version = "3.11"
 jobs = "0"
 fail-on = ["E", "F"]
 fail-under = "9.8"
@@ -212,7 +207,6 @@ ignore = [
   "PYI025", # Set as AbstractSet
   "ISC001", # Conflicts with formatter
 ]
-typing-modules = ["cibuildwheel._compat.typing"]
 flake8-unused-arguments.ignore-variadic-names = true
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api]
@@ -221,14 +215,9 @@ flake8-unused-arguments.ignore-variadic-names = true
 "typing.Iterator".msg = "Use collections.abc.Iterator instead."
 "typing.Sequence".msg = "Use collections.abc.Sequence instead."
 "typing.Set".msg = "Use collections.abc.Set instead."
-"typing.NotRequired".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.typing.NotRequired instead."
-"typing.assert_never".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.typing.assert_never instead."
-"tomllib".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.tomllib instead."
-"tomli".msg = "Use cibuildwheel._compat.tomllib instead."
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
 "unit_test/*" = ["PLC1901"]
-"cibuildwheel/_compat/**.py" = ["TID251"]
 "bin/*" = ["TID251"]
 
 [tool.repo-review]

test/conftest.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
 import subprocess
-from typing import Generator
+from collections.abc import Generator
 
 import pytest
 from filelock import FileLock

test/test_projects/base.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, Union
+from typing import Any
 
 import jinja2
 
-FilesDict = Dict[str, Union[str, jinja2.Template]]
+FilesDict = dict[str, str | jinja2.Template]
-TemplateContext = Dict[str, Any]
+TemplateContext = dict[str, Any]
 
 
 class TestProject:

unit_test/build_ids_test.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import tomllib
+
 from packaging.version import Version
 
-from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
 from cibuildwheel.extra import Printable, dump_python_configurations
 from cibuildwheel.util import resources_dir
 

unit_test/get_platform_test.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import contextlib
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict
 
 import pytest
 import setuptools._distutils.util
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ if not sys.platform.startswith("win"):
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def patched_environment(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, environment: Dict[str, str]):
+def patched_environment(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, environment: dict[str, str]):
     with monkeypatch.context() as mp:
         for envvar, val in environment.items():
             mp.setenv(name=envvar, value=val)
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ def patched_environment(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, environment: Dict[str,
 
 def test_x86(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
     arch = "32"
-    environment: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    environment: dict[str, str] = {}
 
     configuration = PythonConfiguration("irrelevant", arch, "irrelevant", None)
 
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ def test_x86(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
 
 def test_x64(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
     arch = "64"
-    environment: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    environment: dict[str, str] = {}
 
     configuration = PythonConfiguration("irrelevant", arch, "irrelevant", None)
 
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ def test_x64(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
 )
 def test_arm(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
     arch = "ARM64"
-    environment: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    environment: dict[str, str] = {}
 
     configuration = PythonConfiguration("irrelevant", arch, "irrelevant", None)
 

unit_test/main_tests/main_options_test.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
+import tomllib
 from fnmatch import fnmatch
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
 from cibuildwheel.__main__ import main
-from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
 from cibuildwheel.environment import ParsedEnvironment
 from cibuildwheel.options import BuildOptions, _get_pinned_container_images
 from cibuildwheel.util import BuildSelector, resources_dir, split_config_settings

unit_test/projectfiles_test.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import tomllib
 from textwrap import dedent
 
 import pytest
 
-from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
 from cibuildwheel.projectfiles import (
     get_requires_python_str,
     resolve_dependency_groups,

unit_test/validate_schema_test.py

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
+import tomllib
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 import validate_pyproject.api
 
-from cibuildwheel._compat import tomllib
-
 DIR = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()