diff --git a/bin/update_pythons.py b/bin/update_pythons.py
index bddd6a89..930b13df 100755
--- a/bin/update_pythons.py
+++ b/bin/update_pythons.py
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ AnyConfig = Union[ConfigWinCP, ConfigWinPP, ConfigMacOS]
 
 class WindowsVersions:
     def __init__(self, arch_str: ArchStr) -> None:
-
         response = requests.get("https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json")
         response.raise_for_status()
         api_info = response.json()
@@ -88,7 +87,6 @@ class WindowsVersions:
         self.version_dict = {Version(v): v for v in cp_info["versions"]}
 
     def update_version_windows(self, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigWinCP | None:
-
         # Specifier.filter selects all non pre-releases that match the spec,
         # unless there are only pre-releases, then it selects pre-releases
         # instead (like pip)
@@ -111,7 +109,6 @@ class WindowsVersions:
 
 class PyPyVersions:
     def __init__(self, arch_str: ArchStr):
-
         response = requests.get("https://downloads.python.org/pypy/versions.json")
         response.raise_for_status()
 
@@ -191,7 +188,6 @@ class PyPyVersions:
 
 class CPythonVersions:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-
         response = requests.get(
             "https://www.python.org/api/v2/downloads/release/?is_published=true"
         )
@@ -210,7 +206,6 @@ class CPythonVersions:
     def update_version_macos(
         self, identifier: str, version: Version, spec: Specifier
     ) -> ConfigMacOS | None:
-
         # see note above on Specifier.filter
         unsorted_versions = spec.filter(self.versions_dict)
         sorted_versions = sorted(unsorted_versions, reverse=True)
@@ -296,7 +291,6 @@ class AllVersions:
     "--level", default="INFO", type=click.Choice(["WARNING", "INFO", "DEBUG"], case_sensitive=False)
 )
 def update_pythons(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
-
     logging.basicConfig(
         level="INFO",
         format="%(message)s",
diff --git a/bin/update_virtualenv.py b/bin/update_virtualenv.py
index 3704463d..ef1fec80 100755
--- a/bin/update_virtualenv.py
+++ b/bin/update_virtualenv.py
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ def git_ls_remote_versions(url) -> list[VersionTuple]:
     "--level", default="INFO", type=click.Choice(["WARNING", "INFO", "DEBUG"], case_sensitive=False)
 )
 def update_virtualenv(force: bool, level: str) -> None:
-
     logging.basicConfig(
         level="INFO",
         format="%(message)s",
diff --git a/cibuildwheel/architecture.py b/cibuildwheel/architecture.py
index 7be0bb3a..e1c8482a 100644
--- a/cibuildwheel/architecture.py
+++ b/cibuildwheel/architecture.py
@@ -134,7 +134,6 @@ def allowed_architectures_check(
     platform: PlatformName,
     architectures: set[Architecture],
 ) -> None:
-
     allowed_architectures = Architecture.all_archs(platform)
 
     msg = f"{PRETTY_NAMES[platform]} only supports {sorted(allowed_architectures)} at the moment."
diff --git a/cibuildwheel/linux.py b/cibuildwheel/linux.py
index e3b7b032..acf00667 100644
--- a/cibuildwheel/linux.py
+++ b/cibuildwheel/linux.py
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector,
     architectures: set[Architecture],
 ) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-
     full_python_configs = read_python_configs("linux")
 
     python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
@@ -224,7 +223,6 @@ def build_in_container(
             )
             repaired_wheels = [compatible_wheel]
         else:
-
             if build_options.before_build:
                 log.step("Running before_build...")
                 before_build_prepared = prepare_command(
@@ -421,7 +419,6 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
                 cwd=container_project_path,
                 engine=options.globals.container_engine,
             ) as container:
-
                 build_in_container(
                     options=options,
                     platform_configs=build_step.platform_configs,
@@ -446,7 +443,6 @@ def _matches_prepared_command(error_cmd: list[str], command_template: str) -> bo
 
 
 def troubleshoot(options: Options, error: Exception) -> None:
-
     if isinstance(error, subprocess.CalledProcessError) and (
         error.cmd[0:4] == ["python", "-m", "pip", "wheel"]
         or error.cmd[0:3] == ["python", "-m", "build"]
diff --git a/cibuildwheel/macos.py b/cibuildwheel/macos.py
index 2b7f91a5..a94caa66 100644
--- a/cibuildwheel/macos.py
+++ b/cibuildwheel/macos.py
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ class PythonConfiguration:
 def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector, architectures: set[Architecture]
 ) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-
     full_python_configs = read_python_configs("macos")
 
     python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
@@ -460,7 +459,7 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     env=env,
                     capture_stdout=True,
                 ).strip()
-                testing_archs: list[Literal["x86_64", "arm64"]]  # noqa: F821
+                testing_archs: list[Literal["x86_64", "arm64"]]
 
                 if config_is_arm64:
                     testing_archs = ["arm64"]
diff --git a/cibuildwheel/oci_container.py b/cibuildwheel/oci_container.py
index abac02b2..b92acceb 100644
--- a/cibuildwheel/oci_container.py
+++ b/cibuildwheel/oci_container.py
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ class OCIContainer:
         self.engine = engine
 
     def __enter__(self) -> OCIContainer:
-
         self.name = f"cibuildwheel-{uuid.uuid4()}"
 
         # work-around for Travis-CI PPC64le Docker runs since 2021:
@@ -130,7 +129,6 @@ class OCIContainer:
         exc_val: BaseException | None,
         exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
     ) -> None:
-
         self.bash_stdin.write(b"exit 0\n")
         self.bash_stdin.flush()
         self.process.wait(timeout=30)
@@ -244,7 +242,6 @@ class OCIContainer:
         capture_output: bool = False,
         cwd: PathOrStr | None = None,
     ) -> str:
-
         if cwd is None:
             # Podman does not start the a container in a specific working dir
             # so we always need to specify it when making calls.
diff --git a/cibuildwheel/options.py b/cibuildwheel/options.py
index b1534970..6b7b335f 100644
--- a/cibuildwheel/options.py
+++ b/cibuildwheel/options.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ from .util import (
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class CommandLineArguments:
-    platform: Literal["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"] | None  # noqa: F821
+    platform: Literal["auto", "linux", "macos", "windows"] | None
     archs: str | None
     output_dir: Path
     only: str | None
diff --git a/cibuildwheel/windows.py b/cibuildwheel/windows.py
index d81e2e51..9182f046 100644
--- a/cibuildwheel/windows.py
+++ b/cibuildwheel/windows.py
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@ def get_python_configurations(
     build_selector: BuildSelector,
     architectures: set[Architecture],
 ) -> list[PythonConfiguration]:
-
     full_python_configs = read_python_configs("windows")
 
     python_configurations = [PythonConfiguration(**item) for item in full_python_configs]
diff --git a/test/test_pep518.py b/test/test_pep518.py
index 0f1bc0c5..557ead46 100644
--- a/test/test_pep518.py
+++ b/test/test_pep518.py
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 
 def test_pep518(tmp_path, build_frontend_env):
-
     project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
     basic_project.generate(project_dir)
 
diff --git a/unit_test/main_tests/main_platform_test.py b/unit_test/main_tests/main_platform_test.py
index b9c6af13..79424821 100644
--- a/unit_test/main_tests/main_platform_test.py
+++ b/unit_test/main_tests/main_platform_test.py
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ def test_platform_environment(intercepted_build_args):
 
 
 def test_archs_default(platform, intercepted_build_args):
-
     main()
     options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
 
@@ -89,7 +88,6 @@ def test_archs_default(platform, intercepted_build_args):
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("use_env_var", [False, True])
 def test_archs_argument(platform, intercepted_build_args, monkeypatch, use_env_var):
-
     if use_env_var:
         monkeypatch.setenv("CIBW_ARCHS", "ppc64le")
     else:
diff --git a/unit_test/main_tests/main_requires_python_test.py b/unit_test/main_tests/main_requires_python_test.py
index e21c1dbc..75820c45 100644
--- a/unit_test/main_tests/main_requires_python_test.py
+++ b/unit_test/main_tests/main_requires_python_test.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ def fake_package_dir(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("platform")
 def test_no_override(intercepted_build_args):
-
     main()
 
     options = intercepted_build_args.args[0]
@@ -56,7 +55,6 @@ def test_override_env(monkeypatch, intercepted_build_args):
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("platform")
 def test_override_setup_cfg(intercepted_build_args, fake_package_dir):
-
     fake_package_dir.joinpath("setup.cfg").write_text(
         textwrap.dedent(
             """
@@ -79,7 +77,6 @@ def test_override_setup_cfg(intercepted_build_args, fake_package_dir):
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("platform")
 def test_override_pyproject_toml(intercepted_build_args, fake_package_dir):
-
     fake_package_dir.joinpath("pyproject.toml").write_text(
         textwrap.dedent(
             """
@@ -102,7 +99,6 @@ def test_override_pyproject_toml(intercepted_build_args, fake_package_dir):
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("platform")
 def test_override_setup_py_simple(intercepted_build_args, fake_package_dir):
-
     fake_package_dir.joinpath("setup.py").write_text(
         textwrap.dedent(
             """