feat: Pyodide improvements: version setting, standalone environments (#2002)

* Fix a typo: pyoodide ➡️ pyodide

* Add `pyodide_build_version` attribute

* Add version to xbuildenv log step

* Add version to Emscripten log step

* Use `pyodide-build`'s version for updating constraints

* Bump Pyodide constraints by updating `pyodide-build`

* Add a schema for `pyodide-version`

* Update Pyodide constraints

* Bump `pyodide-build` to new 0.29.0

* Test out another Pyodide identifier

* Update outdated Pyodide constraints

* Add Pyodide version to temp directory name

* Remove Pyodide 0.26.1 from build configurations

* Retrieve + validate + install specific xbuildenvs

* Test wheel builds with Pyodide 0.26.2

* Add correct Pyodide version to identifier temp dir

* Don't pre-call Pyodide xbuildenv search

* Fetch just the stable Pyodide versions

* Refactor search + validation + install into one step

* Move all of it under a lock

* Reorder xbuildenv installation

* Add env and cwd to xbuildenv search call

* Temporarily lower to 0.26.2 target

* Separate out search, validate, install; again

* Run xbuildenv search in `CIBW_CACHE_PATH`

* Remove prior `PYODIDE_ROOT` env vars, copy envs

* Validate doesn't need to depend on searching

* Add file lock when searching xbuildenvs

* Test the original version: 0.26.1

* Update Pyodide constraints

* Update constraints for `pyodide-build` 0.29.0 again

* Bump Pyodide from version 0.26.1 ➡️ version 0.26.4

* Add note on compatibility for macOS + other archs

* Note Pyodide version for Pyodide identifier

* Docs about `CIBW_PYODIDE_VERSION`

* Don't fetch just the stable versions

* Discard a variable that's not used later

* Rename `search_xbuildenv` ➡️ `get_xbuildenv_versions`

* `validate_xbuildenv` ➡️ `validate_xbuildenv_version`

* Replace ordered comment, add newline

* Replace sentence on macOS support

Co-Authored-By: Hood Chatham <roberthoodchatham@gmail.com>

* Capitalise: "pyodide" ➡️ "Pyodide"

Co-Authored-By: Hood Chatham <roberthoodchatham@gmail.com>

* "work" ➡️ "may succeed"

Co-Authored-By: Hood Chatham <roberthoodchatham@gmail.com>

* Add another job to test a custom Pyodide version

* Handle "v"-prefixed + non-prefixed versions

* Convert to a proper toml-able option, and remove some hardcoded versions

This removes the enscripten and pyodide-build version specs from
pyproject.toml - pyodide-build is spec'd in the constraints file, and
the emscripten version can be read from the pyodide-build output.

* Add a schema entry

* Add docs for CIBW_PYODIDE_VERSION

* Rephrase

* Add tests for pyodide-version

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Add python_build_standalone util

* Hook up to python-build-standalone, removing dependency on host python

* Remove python hard-code in action.yml

* Add log step

* Add workaround for https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide-build/issues/143

* Add emscripten pytest test

* Remove unneeded checks

* Fix a pytest invoke for emscripten

* Generate pyodide-build constraints from the pinned pyodide version

* Remove pyodide python-build-standalone workaround

* Fixup paths from newer version of pyodide-build

* Fix/skip some failing tests

* Use `python -m pytest` on pyodide, even on Linux

* Docs fixes

* Don't call the github API at runtime, cache the release assets instead

* Ignore pylint false positive

* Add version auto-updating for pyodide

* Add support for pyodide 3.13.

* Fix tests for multiple pyodide wheels

* Remove workaround for unreleased pyodide-build

* Rename to "test_pyodide"

* Fix pathname confusion

* Remove extra github actions job

* Fix expectation for test_abi_none

* Fix the custom_repair_wheel test to actually have clashing names

* Fix pinned version test

* Document test-command limitation

* Remove pyodide 0.28.0a1 for now

* Update constraints files

* Docs/test fixes post removing pyodide cp313

* Fix ABI test expectation

* Docs improvements

* Improve some comments

* Remove logic duplication

* remove pyodide special casing

* Refactor constraints code to use a utility script, circumventing import issues

* chore: nicer nox env

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

* fix: typo in variable name found by copilot

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Some more Pyodide version updates in the docs section

* We haven't released Pyodide v0.27.6 yet

* Back to the Github URL for cross-build-environments

* `pyodide-build`, not `emsdk` for Windows skips

Co-Authored-By: Hood Chatham <roberthoodchatham@gmail.com>

* Move to a separate `_json_request` function

Co-Authored-By: Hood Chatham <roberthoodchatham@gmail.com>

* Rename "retries" ➡️ "retry_count"

* Add some type hints

* Copy env vars before `UV_CUSTOM_COMPILE_COMMAND`

* Use `HTTPError.headers.get` instead

* Remove extra end quote

* Change download tests URL to `https://badssl.com/`

Co-Authored-By: Joe Rickerby <1244307+joerick@users.noreply.github.com>

* Download size changes, too

* Use jsdelivr for Github asset mirroring

* Bump to Pyodide v0.27.6

* Fix unit tests

* Move to pyodide v0.27.6 again

* Bump to pyodide-build 0.30.4

* Use new URL for cross-build environments metadata

Co-authored-by: Joe Rickerby <joerick@mac.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

---------

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Hood Chatham <roberthoodchatham@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Joe Rickerby <joerick@mac.com>
Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Joe Rickerby <1244307+joerick@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

cibuildwheel/extra.py

@@ -2,9 +2,16 @@
 These are utilities for the `/bin` scripts, not for the `cibuildwheel` program.
 """
 
+import json
+import time
+import typing
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.request
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from io import StringIO
-from typing import Protocol
+from typing import Any, NotRequired, Protocol
+
+from cibuildwheel import __version__ as cibw_version
 
 __all__ = ("Printable", "dump_python_configurations")
 
@@ -30,3 +37,65 @@ def dump_python_configurations(
         output.write("\n")
     # Strip the final newline, to avoid two blank lines at the end.
     return output.getvalue()[:-1]
+
+
+def _json_request(request: urllib.request.Request, timeout: int = 30) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=timeout) as response:
+        return typing.cast(dict[str, Any], json.load(response))
+
+
+def github_api_request(path: str, *, max_retries: int = 3) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Makes a GitHub API request to the given path and returns the JSON response.
+    """
+    api_url = f"https://api.github.com/{path}"
+    headers = {
+        "Accept": "application/vnd.github.v3+json",
+        "User-Agent": f"cibuildwheel/{cibw_version}",
+    }
+    request = urllib.request.Request(api_url, headers=headers)
+
+    for retry_count in range(max_retries):
+        try:
+            return _json_request(request)
+        except (urllib.error.URLError, TimeoutError) as e:
+            # pylint: disable=E1101
+            if (
+                isinstance(e, urllib.error.HTTPError)
+                and (e.code == 403 or e.code == 429)
+                and e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-remaining") == "0"
+            ):
+                reset_time = int(e.headers.get("x-ratelimit-reset", 0))
+                wait_time = max(0, reset_time - int(e.headers.get("date", 0)))
+                print(f"Github rate limit exceeded. Waiting for {wait_time} seconds.")
+                time.sleep(wait_time)
+            else:
+                print(f"Retrying GitHub API request due to error: {e}")
+
+            if retry_count == max_retries - 1:
+                print(f"GitHub API request failed (Network error: {e}). Check network connection.")
+                raise e
+
+    # Should never be reached but to keep the type checker happy
+    msg = "Unexpected execution path in github_api_request"
+    raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+
+class PyodideXBuildEnvRelease(typing.TypedDict):
+    version: str
+    python_version: str
+    emscripten_version: str
+    min_pyodide_build_version: NotRequired[str]
+    max_pyodide_build_version: NotRequired[str]
+
+
+class PyodideXBuildEnvInfo(typing.TypedDict):
+    releases: dict[str, PyodideXBuildEnvRelease]
+
+
+def get_pyodide_xbuildenv_info() -> PyodideXBuildEnvInfo:
+    xbuildenv_info_url = (
+        "https://pyodide.github.io/pyodide/api/pyodide-cross-build-environments.json"
+    )
+    with urllib.request.urlopen(xbuildenv_info_url) as response:
+        return typing.cast(PyodideXBuildEnvInfo, json.loads(response.read().decode("utf-8")))