feat: add support for building Android wheels (#2349)

* Add Android to resource files

* Add Android to miscellaneous places

* Add Android documentation

* Docs cleanups

* Add Android platform module; implement top-level structure and target Python installation

* Implement setup_env and build_wheel

* lru-dict build working

* Alter prefix in sysconfigdata file; fix various issues with FLAGS variables

* Implement Android testing

* Add type annotations to _cross_venv

* Revert Python 3.8 to pip 25.0.1

* Make test-sources required on Android

* Add Android integration tests

* Test cleanups

* Add test of all available Python versions

* Update test-sources and test-command behavior to match iOS

* Documentation cleanups

* Replace Builder class with a set of global functions

* Rename "env" to "build_env"

* Remove Chaquopy repository from default pip command line

* Move native_platform to platforms module

* Fix parse_config_settings

Co-authored-by: Joe Rickerby <joerick@mac.com>

* Add unit tests for parse_config_settings and arch_synonym

* Make `shell_prepared` arguments keyword-only, and add tests for the commands that use it

* Replace `importlib.util.spec_from_file_location` with `runpy.run_path`

* Use python-build-standalone

* Update Android Python

* Enable KVM in Linux CI

* Move KVM code to test_android.py

* Use Java 17 on Azure

* Install emulator if necessary before running -accel-check

* Free up additional disk space on Linux runners

* Add sudo

* Skip emulator tests on CI platforms that don't support it

* Download Android Python from Maven Central

* Free up more disk space on Linux runners

* fix: minor fixups

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

* Set sysconfig._BASE_PREFIX to support sysconfig.get_path("include")

* Get ANDROID_API_LEVEL from the build environment, not cibuildwheel's own environment

* Correct relative path of test-sources

* Pass a CMake toolchain file to the build

* Add "repair" step which adds libc++ to the wheel when necessary

* Add missing needs_emulator decorator

* Provide useful error message if ANDROID_HOME is not set

* Remove use of HOST environment variable

* Update to Python 3.15.5

* Fix PyLint warnings, clarify comment

* Group common arguments into a dataclass

* Handle environment variables containing newlines

* Discourage the use of `pytest` test commands without `python -m`

* Use single quotes in user-visible messages

* Improve testing documentation

* Pass wheel filename to `log.build_end`

* In GitHub Actions example, skip Android tests on macOS

* Correct relative paths in `patchelf --set-rpath`

* Clarify `test-sources` docs

* Update to Python 3.13.5+20250722.214220

---------

Signed-off-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Joe Rickerby <joerick@mac.com>
Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -70,13 +70,23 @@ jobs:
 
     - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
 
-    # free some space to prevent reaching GHA disk space limits
-    - name: Clean docker images
+    - name: Free up disk space
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'
       run: |
         docker system prune -a -f
+        sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_HOME/ndk/{26,28}.* /opt/hostedtoolcache/CodeQL \
+          /usr/local/lib/node_modules /usr/local/share/chromium \
+          /usr/local/share/powershell
         df -h
 
+    # https://github.blog/changelog/2024-04-02-github-actions-hardware-accelerated-android-virtualization-now-available/
+    - name: Enable KVM for Android emulator
+      if: runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64'
+      run: |
+          echo 'KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0666", OPTIONS+="static_node=kvm"' | sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/99-kvm4all.rules
+          sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
+          sudo udevadm trigger --name-match=kvm
+
     # for oci_container unit tests
     - name: Set up QEMU
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'