`cibuildwheel` is here to help. `cibuildwheel` runs on your CI server - currently it supports GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, AppVeyor, CircleCI, and GitLab CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.
<sup>³ CPython 3.13 is built by default using Python RCs, starting with cibuildwheel 2.20. Free-threaded mode will still require opt-in using [`CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#free-threaded-support).</sup><br>
- Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS through [auditwheel](https://github.com/pypa/auditwheel) and [delocate](https://github.com/matthew-brett/delocate)
<sup>¹ [Requires emulation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#emulation), distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.</sup><br>
<sup>² [Uses cross-compilation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/faq/#windows-arm64). It is not possible to test `arm64` on this CI platform.</sup>
For more information, including PyPI deployment, and the use of other CI services or the dedicated GitHub Action, check out the [documentation](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io) and the [examples](https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/tree/main/examples).
| | [`CIBW_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip) <br> [`CIBW_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-skip) | Choose the Python versions to build |
| | [`CIBW_ARCHS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#archs) | Change the architectures built on your machine by default. |
| | [`CIBW_PROJECT_REQUIRES_PYTHON`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#requires-python) | Manually set the Python compatibility of your project |
| | [`CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#prerelease-pythons) | Enable building with pre-release versions of Python if available |
| **Build customization** | [`CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-frontend) | Set the tool to use to build, either "pip" (default for now) or "build" |
| | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#environment) | Set environment variables needed during the build |
| | [`CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_PASS_LINUX`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#environment-pass) | Set environment variables on the host to pass-through to the container during the build. |
| | [`CIBW_BEFORE_ALL`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-all) | Execute a shell command on the build system before any wheels are built. |
| | [`CIBW_BEFORE_BUILD`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-build) | Execute a shell command preparing each wheel's build |
| | [`CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#repair-wheel-command) | Execute a shell command to repair each built wheel |
| | [`CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#container-engine) | Specify which container engine to use when building Linux wheels |
| | [`CIBW_DEPENDENCY_VERSIONS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#dependency-versions) | Specify how cibuildwheel controls the versions of the tools it uses |
| **Testing** | [`CIBW_TEST_COMMAND`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-command) | Execute a shell command to test each built wheel |
| | [`CIBW_BEFORE_TEST`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#before-test) | Execute a shell command before testing each wheel |
| | [`CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-requires) | Install Python dependencies before running the tests |
| | [`CIBW_TEST_EXTRAS`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-extras) | Install your wheel for testing using extras_require |
| | [`CIBW_TEST_SKIP`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#test-skip) | Skip running tests on some builds |
| **Other** | [`CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY`](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#build-verbosity) | Increase/decrease the output of pip wheel |
| [scikit-learn][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions. |
| [Tornado][] | ![github icon][] | ![linux icon][] ![apple icon][] ![windows icon][] | Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension. |
| [Prophet][] | ![github icon][] | ![windows icon][] ![apple icon][] ![linux icon][] | Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth. |
> ℹ️ That's just a handful, there are many more! Check out the [Working Examples](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/working-examples) page in the docs.
Since `cibuildwheel` repairs the wheel with `delocate` or `auditwheel`, it might automatically bundle dynamically linked libraries from the build machine.
This is similar to static linking, so it might have some license implications. Check the license for any code you're pulling in to make sure that's allowed.
- 🌟 CPython 3.13 wheels are now built by default - without the `CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS` flag. It's time to build and upload these wheels to PyPI! This release includes CPython 3.13.0rc1, which is guaranteed to be ABI compatible with the final release. Free-threading is still behind a flag/config option. (#1950)
- ✨ Provide a `CIBW_ALLOW_EMPTY` environment variable as an alternative to the command line flag. (#1937)
- 🐛 Don't use uv on PyPy3.8 on Windows, it stopped working starting in 0.2.25. Note that PyPy 3.8 is EoL. (#1868)
- 🛠 Set the `VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH` variable based on target arch. (#1876)
- 🛠 Undo cleaner output on pytest 8-8.2 now that 8.3 is out. (#1943)
- 📚 Update examples to use Python 3.12 on host (cibuildwheel will require Python 3.11+ on the host machine starting in October 2024) (#1919)
- 🌟 Add Pyodide platform. Set with `--platform pyodide` or `CIBW_PLATFORM: pyodide` on Linux with a host Python 3.12 to build WebAssembly wheels. Not accepted on PyPI currently, but usable directly in a website using Pyodide, for live docs, etc. (#1456, #1859)
- 🌟 Add `build[uv]` backend, which will take a pre-existing uv install (or install `cibuildwheel[uv]`) and use `uv` for all environment setup and installs on Python 3.8+. This is significantly faster in most cases. (#1856)
- ✨ Add free-threaded macOS builds and update CPython to 3.13.0b2. (#1854)
- 🐛 Issue copying a wheel to a non-existent output dir fixed. (#1851, #1862)
- 🐛 Better determinism for the test environment seeding. (#1835)
- 🛠 `VIRTUAL_ENV` variable now set. (#1842)
- 🛠 Remove a pip<21.3 workaround. (#1842)
- 🛠 Error handling was refactored to use exceptions. (#1719)
- 🛠 Hardcoded paths in tests avoided. (#1834)
- 🛠 Single Python tests made more generic. (#1835)
- 🛠 Sped up our ci by splitting up emulation tests. (#1839)
- 🌟 Add free-threaded Linux and Windows builds for 3.13. New identifiers `cp313t-*`, new option `CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT`/`tool.cibuildwheel.free-threaded-support` required to opt-in. [See the docs](https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/options/#free-threaded-support) for more information. (#1831)
- ✨ The `container-engine` is now a build (non-global) option. (#1792)
- 🛠 The build backend for cibuildwheel is now hatchling. (#1297)
- 🛠 Significant improvements and modernization to our noxfile. (#1823)
- 🛠 Use pylint's new GitHub Actions reporter instead of a custom matcher. (#1823)
- 🛠 Unpin virtualenv updates for Python 3.7+ (#1830)
- 🐛 Fix running linux tests from Windows or macOS ARM. (#1788)
Everyone interacting with the cibuildwheel project via codebase, issue tracker, chat rooms, or otherwise is expected to follow the [PSF Code of Conduct](https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
Another very similar tool to consider is [matthew-brett/multibuild](http://github.com/matthew-brett/multibuild). `multibuild` is a shell script toolbox for building a wheel on various platforms. It is used as a basis to build some of the big data science tools, like SciPy.
If you are building Rust wheels, you can get by without some of the tricks required to make GLIBC work via manylinux; this is especially relevant for cross-compiling, which is easy with Rust. See [maturin-action](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin-action) for a tool that is optimized for building Rust wheels and cross-compiling.
